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Wie du alle offenen Apps und Computerfenster sehen kannst (bei Windows 10, 11 und Mac)
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function L(){if(-1!=window.location.href.indexOf("set_ccpa_out=1")){var a=new Date;a.setTime(a.getTime()+31536E6);a="; expires="+a.toGMTString();document.cookie="ccpa_out=1"+a+"; path=/";return!0}return 0<=document.cookie.indexOf("ccpa_out=")?!0:!1}function ya(a){h("insertAmazonShopping");(window.apscustom=window.apscustom||[]).push({id:"93b7dd52-a8ce-11ed-afa1-0242ac120002:1"})}function ib(a){if("en"==window.WH.pageLang){var c=a.adElement.dataset.aditudetarget;WH.shared.isTest("rightrailDoubleAds")&&"rightrail"==a.type&&"pb-slot-engl-rght-2"==c&&(c="pb-slot-engl-rght-2-small");return c}c=null;"intro"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-intro");"rightrail"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-rght-2","quiz"==window.whadconfig.gamconfig.pagetype&&(c="pb-slot-quiz-right"),WH.shared.isTest("rightrailDoubleAds")&&(c="pb-slot-rght-2-small"));"scrollto"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-scrol");"method"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-meth");"large_method"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-meth");"large_related"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-relat");"middlerelated"== 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isLargeSize)this.okForSize=!0;/iphone|ipod|ipad/.test(x);var d=/edg/.test(x);/safari/.test(x);/chrome/.test(x);/crios/.test(x);-1!=window.location.href.indexOf("firearc=1")&&(d=!0);this.type=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-type");var g=nb(this.element.id,this.type);d&&"intro"==this.type&&(g=mb());this.width=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-width");this.service=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-service");d=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-service_eu");(C||F)&&d&&(this.service=d);this.apsload=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-apsload");this.pbload=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-prebidload");this.sizesArray=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-size");f&&WH.shared.isSmallSize&&(this.sizesArray=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallsize")||this.sizesArray);r&&WH.shared.isMedSize&&(this.sizesArray=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-mediumsize")||this.sizesArray);'["fluid"]'==this.sizesArray&&(this.pbload=this.apsload=!1);this.sizesArray&&(this.sizesArray=JSON.parse(this.sizesArray) 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"data-height");this.containerless=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-containerless");this.lastRRAd=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-lastrrad");f&&WH.shared.isSmallSize&&(this.adSize="small",this.smallchannels=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallchannels"),this.channels=this.channels?this.channels+","+this.smallchannels:this.smallchannels,this.slot=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallslot")||this.slot,this.height=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallheight")||this.height,f=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallheight_eu"),(C||F)&&f&&(this.height=f),this.width=lb(this.type),this.service=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallservice")||this.service,f=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallservice_eu"),(C||F)&&f&&(this.service=f),this.path=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallslot")||this.slot,"adsense"!=this.service||this.fullwidthadsense||this.containerless||(this.adElement.className+=" as-small"));r&&WH.shared.isMedSize&&(this.element.className=this.element.className? 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Elektronik">Technik & Elektronik</a></li><li><a href="/Kategorie:Betriebssysteme" title="Kategorie:Betriebssysteme">Betriebssysteme</a></li></ul><h1 id="section_0" class="title_sm"><a href="https://de.wikihow.com/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen">Wie du alle offenen Apps und Computerfenster sehen kannst (bei Windows 10, 11 und Mac)</a></h1></div><div id="bodyContent" class="content"><script>(function(){'use strict';window.WH=window.WH||{};window.WH.performance={};window.WH.performance.mark=function(name){if(typeof performance!=='undefined'&&typeof performance.mark==='function'){return performance.mark(name);}};window.WH.performance.clearMarks=function(name){if(typeof performance!=='undefined'&&typeof performance.clearMarks==='function'){return performance.clearMarks(name);}};}());</script> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="de" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-parser-output"> <div id="intro" class="section hasad"> <a class="large_pdf_link pdf_link slider disabled 0 intl " href="#"> <img class="pdf_link-img" loading="lazy" src="/extensions/wikihow/socialstamp/images/icon-pdf.svg" alt="PDF download" width="150" height="150"> <span class="pdfText">PDF herunterladen</span> </a> <div id="coauthor_byline" class="article_byline "> <div id="byline_info"> <span class=""> <b>unter Mitarbeit von </b> <a href="/Experten?name=stankats#stankats" class="coauthor_link hover_pop coauthor_checkstar">Stan Kats</a> </span> <p id="coauthor_byline_p"> <a href="#Referenzen" class="byline_references">Referenzen</a> </p> </div> </div> <a class="small_pdf_link pdf_link slider disabled intl " href="#"> <img class="pdf_link-img" loading="lazy" src="/extensions/wikihow/socialstamp/images/icon-pdf.svg" alt="PDF download" width="150" height="150"> <span class="pdfText">PDF herunterladen</span> </a> <div id="byline_hover" hidden> <div id="byline_hover_close">X</div> <div id="byline_hover_body"> <p> Dieser Artikel wurde unter Mitarbeit von <a href="/Experten?name=stankats#stankats">Stan Kats</a> erstellt. Stan Kats ist ein professioneller Technologe und der Geschäftsführer und Cheftechnologe von The STG IT Consulting Group in West Hollywood, Kalifornien. Stan bietet umfassende Technologielösungen für Unternehmen durch verwaltete IT-Dienste und für Privatpersonen durch sein Verbraucherservice-Unternehmen Stan's Tech Garage. Stan hat einen Bachelor in Internationalen Beziehungen von der University of Southern California. Er begann seine Karriere in der IT-Welt der Fortune 500. Stan gründete seine Unternehmen, um kleinen Unternehmen und Privatpersonen Fachwissen auf Unternehmensniveau zu bieten. <br><br> Dieser Artikel wurde 23.237 Mal aufgerufen. </p> </div> </div> <div role="navigation" id="method_toc" class="intl_toc"> <div> <div id="method_toc_list"> <span class="header_toc">In diesem Artikel:</span> <div class="method_toc_item toc_method " id="" data-section=""> <a href="#In-Windows-10"> In Windows 10 </a> </div> <div class="method_toc_item toc_method " id="" data-section=""> <a href="#In-Windows-11"> In Windows 11 </a> </div> <div class="method_toc_item toc_method " id="" data-section=""> <a href="#Auf-einem-Mac"> Auf einem Mac </a> </div> <div class="method_toc_item toc_post" id="rwh_toc" data-section="#relatedwikihows"> <a href="#relatedwikihows"> Verwandte Artikel </a> </div> <div class="method_toc_item toc_post" id="toc_ref" data-section="#Referenzen"> <a href="#Referenzen"> Literaturhinweise </a> </div> </div> <div id="toc_line"></div> </div> </div> <div class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>Wenn du mit mehreren Anwendungen auf deinem Computer arbeitest, ist es leicht, einzelne offene Fenster aus dem Blick zu verlieren. Zum Glück gibt es bei Windows 11, Windows 10 und macOS einfache Tastenkombinationen und Dienstprogramme, die Multitasking ganz leicht gestalten. In diesem wikiHow-Artikel lernst du, wie du schnell alle offenen Fenster bzw. Anwendungen auf deinem PC bzw. Mac sehen kannst. </p> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey wh_ad_intl" data-service="adsense" data-service_eu="dfp" data-instantload="1" data-mediumservice="adsense" data-mediumservice_eu="dfp" data-slot="2583804979" data-mediumslot="2583804979" data-mediumheight="120" data-smallservice="adsense" data-smallservice_eu="dfp" data-smallslot="2831688978" data-smallheight="120" data-adunitpath="/10095428/intl/intl_gam_lgm_intro" data-smalladunitpath="/10095428/intl/intl_gam_sma_intro" data-mediumadunitpath="/10095428/intl/intl_gam_sma_intro" data-size="[[728, 90],[728, 120]]" data-smallsize="[[300, 100],[320,100]]" data-mediumsize="[[300, 100],[320,100]]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="728" data-height="120" data-smallheight_eu="100" data-innerclass="" data-type="intro" data-small="1" data-medium="1" data-large="1" data-channels="" data-largechannels="" data-smallchannels="" data-mediumchannels="" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[[728, 90],[728, 120]]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":"30789173","pubmatic":"5352217","ix":"1030813","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"3012490","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"559769845","triplelift":"WikiHow_intl_gam_lgm_intro","grid":404302,"medianet":"593417160","rise":"intl_gam_lgm_intro","sharethrough":"EFB0UXRRBuxamSstK0pbDq2f"}' data-pbadunitssmall='{"appnexus":"30608496","pubmatic":"5347071","ix":"1024076","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2995660","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"559676947","triplelift":"WikiHow_intl_gam_sma_intro","yieldmo":"3337803366162964892","grid":403850,"medianet":"313814427","rise":"intl_gam_sma_intro","sharethrough":"5addVmdqo8iIHuBSbs2jRZcM"}' data-pbadunitsmedium='{"appnexus":"30608496","pubmatic":"5347071","ix":"1024076","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2995660","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"559676947","triplelift":"WikiHow_intl_gam_sma_intro","yieldmo":"3337803366162964892","grid":403850,"medianet":"313814427","rise":"intl_gam_sma_intro","sharethrough":"5addVmdqo8iIHuBSbs2jRZcM"}'><div id="intro_ad_1" class="blockthrough"></div></div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('intro_ad_1')</script><script>WH.performance.mark('intro_rendered');</script> </div> <div class="wh_ad_inner" data-service="dfp" data-type="scrollto" data-adunitpath="/10095428/intl/intl_gam_all_scrol" data-size="[728, 90]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-maxsteps="3" data-maxnonsteps="0" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-large="1" data-medium="1" data-channels="" data-largechannels="" data-smallchannels="" data-mediumchannels="" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[728, 90]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":"30608506","pubmatic":"5347079","ix":"1024085","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2995678","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"559676956","triplelift":"WikiHow_intl_gam_all_scrol","yieldmo":"3337803367228318118","grid":403853,"medianet":"355602518","rise":"intl_gam_all_scrol","sharethrough":"4DUbpoJNjX5TAe3EXPKBuG5o"}'><div id="scrollto_ad_1"></div></div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('scrollto_ad_1')</script><h2 class="section-heading hidden" onclick="javascript:mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element indicator"></div> <span class="mw-headline" id="Vorgehensweise">Vorgehensweise</span> </h2> <div class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="section steps steps_first sticky"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"> <div class="altblock"><div>Methode <span>1</span> </div> </div> <div class="headline_info"> <div class="method_label">Methode 1 von 3:</div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="In-Windows-10">In Windows 10</span></h3> </div> <a class="large_pdf_link pdf_link slider disabled pdf_link_steps intl " href="#"> <img class="pdf_link-img" loading="lazy" src="/extensions/wikihow/socialstamp/images/icon-pdf.svg" alt="PDF download" width="150" height="150"> <span class="pdfText">PDF herunterladen</span> </a> </div> <div id="vorgehensweise_1" class="section_text"> <ol class="steps_list_2"> <li id="step-id-00"> <a name="step_1_1" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Bild:See-All-Open-Windows-Step-1-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 1 Benutze Task View, um alle offenen Fenster auf demselben Bildschirm zu sehen icon." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7d/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-1-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-1-Version-2.jpg" data-firstimage="1" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="61dddf598e87ba27088a5a393d72f7b4" onload="WH.performance.clearMarks('image1_rendered'); WH.performance.mark('image1_rendered');" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/7/7d/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-1-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-1-Version-2.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('61dddf598e87ba27088a5a393d72f7b4')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 1 Benutze Task View, um alle offenen Fenster auf demselben Bildschirm zu sehen icon." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/7/7d/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-1-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-1-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7d/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-1-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-1-Version-2.jpg" data-firstimage="1" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="61dddf598e87ba27088a5a393d72f7b4" onload="WH.performance.clearMarks('image1_rendered'); WH.performance.mark('image1_rendered');"></noscript> <script>WH.performance.clearMarks('image1_rendered'); WH.performance.mark('image1_rendered');</script><div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/7\/7d\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-1-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-1-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7d\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-1-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-1-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">1</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Benutze Task View, um alle offenen Fenster auf demselben Bildschirm zu sehen <div class="mwimg t techicon floatright " style="max-width:100px"><a href="#/Bild:TaskView_v2.png" class="image"><b class="whb"><img alt="Windows Taskview" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/c/c6/TaskView_v2.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/c6/TaskView_v2.png/30px-TaskView_v2.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="f8712d98e2813fd34e5cb5289d6af183"></b><div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/c\/c6\/TaskView_v2.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c6\/TaskView_v2.png\/30px-TaskView_v2.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":30,"bigHeight":30,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div>.</b> Das Symbol dieser Funktion befindet sich auf deiner Taskleiste und sieht aus wie drei rechteckige Fenster mit einem Schieberegler auf der rechten Seite. Die Aufgabenansicht ist die einfachste Methode, um alle alle offenen Fenster auf einem Bildschirm zu sehen. <ul> <li>Wenn du das Symbol nicht auf deiner Taskleiste finden kannst, mache einen Rechtsklick auf die Leiste und wähle <b>Schaltfläche Taskansicht anzeigen</b>. Die Funktion kannst du auch öffnen, indem du die<b>Windows Taste + Tab</b> drückst.</li> <li>Wenn du virtuelle Desktops erstellt hast, auf denen du unterschiedliche Anwendungen verwendest, klicke auf jeden virtuellen Desktop in der Leiste oberhalb der Taskansicht, um entsprechend offene Fenster anzuzeigen.</li> </ul> <script>WH.performance.mark('step1_rendered');</script> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-01"> <a name="step_1_2" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Bild:See-All-Open-Windows-Step-2-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 2 Zeige Fenster überlappend, gestapelt oder nebeneinander an." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/95/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-2-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-2-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="85d31a61597c80cb7910b412dfbc3dc4" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/9/95/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-2-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-2-Version-2.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('85d31a61597c80cb7910b412dfbc3dc4')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 2 Zeige Fenster überlappend, gestapelt oder nebeneinander an." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/9/95/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-2-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-2-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/95/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-2-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-2-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="85d31a61597c80cb7910b412dfbc3dc4"></noscript> <div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/9\/95\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-2-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-2-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/95\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-2-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-2-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">2</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Zeige Fenster überlappend, gestapelt oder nebeneinander an.</b> Um offene Fenster gleichzeitig auf deinem Bildschirm zu sehen, kannst du sie entsprechend anordnen. Mache einen Rechtsklick auf die Taskleiste und wähle dann einer der folgenden Optionen aus, um deine offenen Fenster zu sehen: <ul> <li>Wähle <b>Überlappend</b>, um deine Fenster übereinander liegend darzustellen, sodass du nur die Titelleiste der Fenster angezeigt bekommst.</li> <li>Wähle <b>Fenster gestapelt anzeigen</b>, um alle offenen Fenster in einem oder mehreren vertikalen Stapeln zu sehen. Die Anzahl der Stapel hängt von den offenen Fenstern ab.</li> <li> <b>Fenster nebeneinander anzeigen </b> funktioniert ähnlich zur Stapelfunktion, aber die Fenster werden nicht vertikal, sondern horizontal angeordnet.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-02"> <a name="step_1_3" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Bild:See-All-Open-Windows-Step-3-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 3 Klicke Alt+Tab ↹, um Apps zu sehen und zwischen ihnen zu wechseln." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/2c/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-3-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-3-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="a8baae552019e8b92899930899d08801" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/2/2c/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-3-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-3-Version-2.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('a8baae552019e8b92899930899d08801')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 3 Klicke Alt+Tab ↹, um Apps zu sehen und zwischen ihnen zu wechseln." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/2/2c/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-3-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-3-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/2c/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-3-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-3-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="a8baae552019e8b92899930899d08801"></noscript> <div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/2\/2c\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-3-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-3-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2c\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-3-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-3-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">3</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Klicke <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><b class="whb"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="border: 3px outset #F3F3F3; border-left-color: #DBDBDB; border-top-color: #DBDBDB; background-color: #F3F3F3; padding: 0px 2px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em;">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="border: 3px outset #F3F3F3; border-left-color: #DBDBDB; border-top-color: #DBDBDB; background-color: #F3F3F3; padding: 0px 2px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em;">Tab <span class="Unicode">↹</span></kbd></b></span>, um Apps zu sehen und zwischen ihnen zu wechseln.</b> Lasse die <b>Tab</b> Taste los, während du immer noch <b>Alt</b> gedrückt hältst, um alle offenen Fenster anzuzeigen. Dieser Shortcut eignet sich hervorragend, statt deiner Maus die Tastatur zu verwenden, um schnell zwischen offenen Anwendungen zu springen. Zusätzlich kannst du so aber auch feststellen, welche Fenster offen sind. <ul><li>Um zu einem anderen Fenster zu wechseln, verwende <b>Tab</b> (während du <b>Alt</b> gedrückt hältst), um durch deine offenen Apps zu navigieren. Wenn du zu der App kommst, die du sehen möchtest, lasse beide Tasten los.</li></ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-03"> <a name="step_1_4" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Bild:See-All-Open-Windows-Step-4-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 4 Schau dir alle offenen Anwendungen und Prozesse mit dem Task-Manager an." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/ad/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-4-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-4-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="4e6b688fe20a0a23eef07273bb652829" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/a/ad/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-4-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-4-Version-2.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('4e6b688fe20a0a23eef07273bb652829')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 4 Schau dir alle offenen Anwendungen und Prozesse mit dem Task-Manager an." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/a/ad/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-4-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-4-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/ad/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-4-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-4-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="4e6b688fe20a0a23eef07273bb652829"></noscript> <div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/a\/ad\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-4-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-4-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/ad\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-4-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-4-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">4</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Schau dir alle offenen Anwendungen und Prozesse mit dem Task-Manager an.</b> Diese Funktion zeigt dir alle Apps und Hintergrundprozesse, die auf deinem PC laufen. Du kannst Task-Manager mit dem Shortcut <b>Steuerung + Umschalt + Esc</b> aufrufen. Drücke dazu die genannten Tasten zur selben Zeit. Alternativ kannst du einen Rechtsklick auf die Taskleiste machen und dann <b>Task-Manager</b> auswählen. <ul> <li>Wenn sich der Task-Manager öffnet, siehst du eine kurze Liste aller offenen Apps. Klicke auf <b>Weitere Details</b>, um mehr Informationen zu erlangen, darunter auch eine Liste der Prozesse, die im Hintergrund laufen.</li> <li>Im Bereich "Apps" auf dem Tab <b>Prozesse</b> siehst du die Anwendungen, die geöffnete Fenster haben bzw. minimiert sind.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/intl/intl_gam_lgm_meth1" data-prebidload="1" data-size="[728, 90]" data-apsload="1" data-aps-timeout="2000" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-large="1" data-type="large_method" data-channels="" data-largechannels="" data-smallchannels="" data-mediumchannels="" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[728, 90]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":"30608504","pubmatic":"5347078","ix":"1024083","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2995674","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"559676954","triplelift":"WikiHow_intl_gam_lgm_meth1","yieldmo":"3337803367035380132","grid":403847,"medianet":"726850745","rise":"intl_gam_lgm_meth1","sharethrough":"ltedjGSL7AzGYUcpsndLcn4y"}'><div id="method_ad_1"></div></div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('method_ad_1')</script><div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey dfpsmall dfpsmallmethod" data-service="adsense" data-slot="6771527778" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-smallheight="250" data-type="method" data-small="1" data-medium="1" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/intl/intl_gam_sma_meth0" data-size="[300, 250]" data-apsload="1" data-prebidload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-channels="" data-largechannels="" data-smallchannels="" data-mediumchannels="" data-insertslotvalue="1" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":"30608497","pubmatic":"5347072","ix":"1024077","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2995662","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"559676948","triplelift":"WikiHow_intl_gam_sma_meth0","yieldmo":"3337803366255239581","grid":403846,"medianet":"237167833","rise":"intl_gam_sma_meth0","sharethrough":"G8Mg0XIOYCad9VRJQlt4SEp3"}'><div id="mobilemethod_ad_1"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Werbeanzeige</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('mobilemethod_ad_1')</script> </li> </ol> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="section steps sticky"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"> <div class="altblock"><div>Methode <span>2</span> </div> </div> <div class="headline_info"> <div class="method_label">Methode 2 von 3:</div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="In-Windows-11">In Windows 11</span></h3> </div> <a class="large_pdf_link pdf_link slider disabled pdf_link_steps intl " href="#"> <img class="pdf_link-img" loading="lazy" src="/extensions/wikihow/socialstamp/images/icon-pdf.svg" alt="PDF download" width="150" height="150"> <span class="pdfText">PDF herunterladen</span> </a> </div> <div id="vorgehensweise_2" class="section_text"> <ol class="steps_list_2"> <li id="step-id-14"> <a name="step_2_1" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Bild:See-All-Open-Windows-Step-5-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 1 Benutze Task View, um alle Fenster auf demselben Bildschirm zu sehen." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a5/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-5-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-5-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="de44c669c39a684632dad5a12eefff06" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/a/a5/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-5-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-5-Version-2.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('de44c669c39a684632dad5a12eefff06')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 1 Benutze Task View, um alle Fenster auf demselben Bildschirm zu sehen." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/a/a5/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-5-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-5-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a5/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-5-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-5-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="de44c669c39a684632dad5a12eefff06"></noscript> <div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/a\/a5\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-5-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-5-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a5\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-5-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-5-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">1</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Benutze Task View, um alle Fenster auf demselben Bildschirm zu sehen.</b> Das Symbol für die Aufgabenansicht sind zwei sich überlappende Vierecke (eines weiß, das andere grau). Task View befindet sich auf deiner Taskleiste am unteren Ende des Bildschirms. Diese Funktion zeigt dir alle Fenster auf einem einzigen Display an und ist die einfachste Methode, um alle offenen Fenster auf einen Blick zu sehen. Du kannst Task View auch aufrufen, indem du <b>Windows Taste + Tab</b> drückst. <ul> <li>Wenn du dort das Task View Symbol nicht finden kannst, dann mache einen Rechtsklick auf Taskleiste, wähle <b>Einstellungen</b>. Anschließend wähle die Option "Task View" an.</li> <li>Wenn du virtuelle Desktops verwendest, um verschiedene Apps laufen zu lassen, bekommst du die einzelnen Desktops am unteren Ende der Task View angezeigt. Klicke auf einen Desktop, um die dort offenen Fenster sehen zu können.<sup id="_ref-1" class="reference trusted" aria-label="Link zur Referenz 1"><a href="#_note-1">[1]</a><span class="ts_popup trustedsource" hidden id="ts_popup_1" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <a class="ts_trustworthy" href="/wikiHow:Delivering-a-Trustworthy-Experience">Vertrauenswürdige Quelle</a> <span class="ts_name">Microsoft Support</span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">Weiter zur Quelle</a> </span> </sup> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-15"> <a name="step_2_2" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Bild:See-All-Open-Windows-Step-6-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 2 Bewege deinen Mauszeiger über das Taskleisten-Symbol, um schnell einen Überblick zu bekommen." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/0a/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-6-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-6-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="ff7059d5a77fc22de422511d72dbda5a" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/0/0a/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-6-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-6-Version-2.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('ff7059d5a77fc22de422511d72dbda5a')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 2 Bewege deinen Mauszeiger über das Taskleisten-Symbol, um schnell einen Überblick zu bekommen." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/0/0a/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-6-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-6-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/0a/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-6-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-6-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="ff7059d5a77fc22de422511d72dbda5a"></noscript> <div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/0a\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-6-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-6-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0a\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-6-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-6-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">2</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Bewege deinen Mauszeiger über das Taskleisten-Symbol, um schnell einen Überblick zu bekommen.</b> Wenn du in Windows 11 eine Anwendung geöffnet hast, bleibt das App-Icon auf der Taskleiste sichtbar. Die Anwendungen, die offene Fenster nutzen, sind weiß unterstrichen. Gehe mit deiner Maus über eines der weiß unterstrichenen Symbole, um eine Miniaturansicht der geöffneten Fenster zu sehen. Du kannst dann auf eine der Vorschauen klicken, um das Fenster aufzurufen. <ul><li>Bewege deinen Mausanzeiger über das Task View Symbol, um alle geöffneten Desktops zu sehen. Du kannst dann auf eine Vorschau gehen, um zum entsprechenden Desktop zu gelangen.</li></ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-16"> <a name="step_2_3" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Bild:See-All-Open-Windows-Step-7-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 3 Klicke Alt+Tab ↹, um Apps zu sehen und zwischen ihnen zu wechseln." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/0b/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-7-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-7-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="208ab4aaadea4c7b5aad8004baf616cf" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/0/0b/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-7-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-7-Version-2.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('208ab4aaadea4c7b5aad8004baf616cf')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 3 Klicke Alt+Tab ↹, um Apps zu sehen und zwischen ihnen zu wechseln." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/0/0b/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-7-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-7-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/0b/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-7-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-7-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="208ab4aaadea4c7b5aad8004baf616cf"></noscript> <div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/0b\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-7-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-7-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0b\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-7-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-7-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">3</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Klicke <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><b class="whb"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="border: 3px outset #F3F3F3; border-left-color: #DBDBDB; border-top-color: #DBDBDB; background-color: #F3F3F3; padding: 0px 2px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em;">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="border: 3px outset #F3F3F3; border-left-color: #DBDBDB; border-top-color: #DBDBDB; background-color: #F3F3F3; padding: 0px 2px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em;">Tab <span class="Unicode">↹</span></kbd></b></span>, um Apps zu sehen und zwischen ihnen zu wechseln.</b> Lasse die <b>Tab</b> Taste los, während du immer noch <b>Alt</b> gedrückt hältst, um alle offenen Fenster anzuzeigen. Dieser Shortcut eignet sich hervorragend, statt deiner Maus die Tastatur zu verwenden, um schnell zwischen offenen Anwendungen zu springen. Zusätzlich kannst du so aber auch feststellen, welche Fenster offen sind. <ul><li>Um zu einem anderen Fenster zu wechseln, verwende <b>Tab</b> (während du <b>Alt</b> gedrückt hältst), um durch deine offenen Apps zu navigieren. Wenn du zu der App kommst, die du sehen möchtest, lasse beide Tasten los.</li></ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-17"> <a name="step_2_4" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Bild:See-All-Open-Windows-Step-8-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 4 Schau dir alle offenen Anwendungen und Prozesse mit dem Task-Manager an." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/5/53/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-8-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-8-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="d1631189c9237f78e23205416d9bd3d6" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/5/53/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-8-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-8-Version-2.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('d1631189c9237f78e23205416d9bd3d6')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 4 Schau dir alle offenen Anwendungen und Prozesse mit dem Task-Manager an." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/5/53/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-8-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-8-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/5/53/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-8-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-8-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="d1631189c9237f78e23205416d9bd3d6"></noscript> <div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/53\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-8-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-8-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/53\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-8-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-8-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">4</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Schau dir alle offenen Anwendungen und Prozesse mit dem Task-Manager an.</b> Diese Funktion zeigt dir alle Apps und Hintergrundprozesse, die auf deinem PC laufen. Du kannst Task-Manager mit dem Shortcut <b>Steuerung + Umschalt + Esc</b> aufrufen. Drücke dazu die genannten Tasten zur selben Zeit. Alternativ kannst du einen Rechtsklick auf die Taskleiste machen und dann <b>Task-Manager</b> auswählen. <ul> <li>Wenn sich der Task-Manager öffnet, siehst du eine kurze Liste aller offenen Apps. „Klicke auf <b>Weitere Details</b>, um mehr Informationen zu erlangen, darunter auch eine Liste der Prozesse, die im Hintergrund laufen.</li> <li>Im Bereich "Apps" auf dem Tab <b>Prozesse</b> siehst du die Anwendungen, die geöffnete Fenster haben bzw. minimiert sind.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey dfpsmall dfpsmallmethod" data-service="adsense" data-slot="6771527778" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-smallheight="250" data-type="method" data-small="1" data-medium="1" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/intl/intl_gam_sma_meth0" data-size="[300, 250]" data-apsload="1" data-prebidload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-channels="" data-largechannels="" data-smallchannels="" data-mediumchannels="" data-insertslotvalue="2" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":"30608497","pubmatic":"5347072","ix":"1024077","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2995662","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"559676948","triplelift":"WikiHow_intl_gam_sma_meth0","yieldmo":"3337803366255239581","grid":403846,"medianet":"237167833","rise":"intl_gam_sma_meth0","sharethrough":"G8Mg0XIOYCad9VRJQlt4SEp3"}'><div id="mobilemethod_ad_2"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Werbeanzeige</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('mobilemethod_ad_2')</script> </li> </ol> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="section steps sticky"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"> <div class="altblock"><div>Methode <span>3</span> </div> </div> <div class="headline_info"> <div class="method_label">Methode 3 von 3:</div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Auf-einem-Mac">Auf einem Mac</span></h3> </div> <a class="large_pdf_link pdf_link slider disabled pdf_link_steps intl " href="#"> <img class="pdf_link-img" loading="lazy" src="/extensions/wikihow/socialstamp/images/icon-pdf.svg" alt="PDF download" width="150" height="150"> <span class="pdfText">PDF herunterladen</span> </a> </div> <div id="vorgehensweise_3" class="section_text"> <ol class="steps_list_2"> <li id="step-id-28"> <a name="step_3_1" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Bild:See-All-Open-Windows-Step-9-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 1 Verwende Mission Control, um alle offenen Fenster auf deinem Schreibtisch zu sehen." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e9/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-9-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-9-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="a08470cae83fce9af19c97d57d494675" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/e/e9/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-9-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-9-Version-2.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('a08470cae83fce9af19c97d57d494675')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 1 Verwende Mission Control, um alle offenen Fenster auf deinem Schreibtisch zu sehen." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/e/e9/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-9-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-9-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e9/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-9-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-9-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="a08470cae83fce9af19c97d57d494675"></noscript> <div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/e9\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-9-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-9-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e9\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-9-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-9-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">1</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Verwende Mission Control, um alle offenen Fenster auf deinem Schreibtisch zu sehen.</b> Das ist die einfachste Methode, um alle offenen Apps auf deinem Mac zu sehen.<sup id="_ref-2" class="reference" aria-label="Link zur Referenz 2"><a href="#_note-2">[2]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_2" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Forschungsquelle</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> Wenn du verschiedene Spaces (Bereiche auf deinem Computer) kreiert hast, um deine Apps in einer übersichtlichen Form anzuzeigen, findest du diese in der Spaces-Leiste am oberen Bildschirmrand. Klicke auf einen Space, um alle Fenster angezeigt zu bekommen, die dort geöffnet sind. Um Mission Control zu öffnen, wähle eine der folgenden Operationen: <ul> <li>Drücke auf dem Apple-Keyboard, die Mission Control Taste F3, die du am oberen Rand der Tastatur findest. F3 hat ein rechteckiges Symbol aufgedruckt, in dem sich drei kleinere Rechtecke befinden.</li> <li>Wenn du ein MacBook verwendest, dann wische mit drei Fingern auf deinem Trackpad nach oben.</li> <li>Wenn dein MacBook eine Touch Bar hat, tippe auf das Symbol mit den drei Rechtecken.</li> <li>Wenn du eine Magic Mouse hast, doppelklicke die Oberfläche der Maus mit zwei Fingern.</li> <li>Presse auf der Tastatur gleichzeitig <b>ctrl</b> + <b>Aufwärtspfeil</b>.</li> <li>Doppelklicke auf die Mission Control App in deinem Anwendungsordner.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-29"> <a name="step_3_2" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Bild:See-All-Open-Windows-Step-10-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 2 Klicke ⌘ Command+Tab ↹, um Apps zu sehen und zwischen ihnen zu wechseln." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/8c/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-10-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-10-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="b7987ccad67465bb524ef14c547783d5" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/8/8c/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-10-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-10-Version-2.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('b7987ccad67465bb524ef14c547783d5')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 2 Klicke ⌘ Command+Tab ↹, um Apps zu sehen und zwischen ihnen zu wechseln." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/8/8c/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-10-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-10-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/8c/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-10-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-10-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="b7987ccad67465bb524ef14c547783d5"></noscript> <div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/8\/8c\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-10-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-10-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/8c\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-10-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-10-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">2</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Klicke <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><b class="whb"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="border: 3px outset #F3F3F3; border-left-color: #DBDBDB; border-top-color: #DBDBDB; background-color: #F3F3F3; padding: 0px 2px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em;"><span class="Unicode">⌘</span> Command</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="border: 3px outset #F3F3F3; border-left-color: #DBDBDB; border-top-color: #DBDBDB; background-color: #F3F3F3; padding: 0px 2px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em;">Tab <span class="Unicode">↹</span></kbd></b></span>, um Apps zu sehen und zwischen ihnen zu wechseln.</b> Dieser Shortcut ist toll, um alle offenen Apps sehen zu können. Wenn du diese Tastenkombination wählst, halte die <b>Command<i> Taste gedrückt, während du </i></b><i>Tab'</i> loslässt. <sup id="_ref-3" class="reference" aria-label="Link zur Referenz 3"><a href="#_note-3">[3]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_3" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Forschungsquelle</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> <ul><li>Um zu einem offenen Fenster zu gelangen: Während du <b>Command</b> gedrückt hältst, verwende die rechte bzw. linke Pfeiltaste, um zwischen den Apps zu navigieren. Wenn du die App ausgewählt hast, die du sehen möchtest, lasse <b>Command</b> los.</li></ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-210"> <a name="step_3_3" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Bild:See-All-Open-Windows-Step-11-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 3 Öffne das „Sofort beenden“ Menü, um offene Apps zu sehen und sie zu schließen." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e7/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-11-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-11-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="f0f553691c36b8c09f84eafab221a478" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/e/e7/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-11-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-11-Version-2.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('f0f553691c36b8c09f84eafab221a478')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 3 Öffne das „Sofort beenden“ Menü, um offene Apps zu sehen und sie zu schließen." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/e/e7/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-11-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-11-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e7/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-11-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-11-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="f0f553691c36b8c09f84eafab221a478"></noscript> <div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/e7\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-11-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-11-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e7\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-11-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-11-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">3</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Öffne das „Sofort beenden“ Menü, um offene Apps zu sehen und sie zu schließen.</b> „Sofort beenden“ hilft dir, schnell Apps zu schließen. Aber die Funktion kann auch benutzt werden, um herauszufinden, welche Fenster auf deinem Mac geöffnet sind (auch die, die minimiert sind).<sup id="_ref-4" class="reference" aria-label="Link zur Referenz 4"><a href="#_note-4">[4]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_4" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Forschungsquelle</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> Um das Menü zu öffnen, drücke gleichzeitig <b>Command + Option + Esc</b>. <ul><li>Du kannst ein Fenster in dieser Anwendung schließen, indem du es auswählst und <b>Sofort beenden</b> anklickst.</li></ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li class="final_li" id="step-id-211"> <a name="step_3_4" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Bild:See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 4 Finde alle offenen Anwendungen und Prozesse durch die Aktivitätsanzeige." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/1f/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="92aeb035b0b5d2864514123ce98d19ac" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/1/1f/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('92aeb035b0b5d2864514123ce98d19ac')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 4 Finde alle offenen Anwendungen und Prozesse durch die Aktivitätsanzeige." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/1/1f/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/1f/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="92aeb035b0b5d2864514123ce98d19ac"></noscript> <div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/1\/1f\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1f\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">4</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Finde alle offenen Anwendungen und Prozesse durch die Aktivitätsanzeige.</b> Diese Anzeige zeigt dir nicht nur, welche Apps offen sind, sondern auch, wie viel Speicher, Energie und CPU jede Anwendung beansprucht.<sup id="_ref-5" class="reference" aria-label="Link zur Referenz 5"><a href="#_note-5">[5]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_5" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Forschungsquelle</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> Um die Aktivitätsanzeige zu öffnen, gehe zu <b>Anwendungen</b> im Finder, doppelklick auf <b>Dienstprogramme</b> und wiederhole den Vorgang, wenn du <b>Aktivitätsanzeige</b> gefunden hast. <ul> <li>Über die Aktivitätsanzeige findest du nicht nur Informationen über Anwendungen heraus, die Fenster auf deinem Schreibtisch geöffnet haben, sondern du bekommst auch Auskunft über Prozesse, die im Hintergrund laufen.</li> <li>Klicke durch die Tabs am oberen Rand des Fensters deiner Aktivitätsanzeige, um mehr über Ressourcen zu erfahren, die jede offene App bzw. jeder laufende Prozess verbraucht.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey dfpsmall dfpsmallmethod" data-service="adsense" data-slot="6771527778" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-smallheight="250" data-type="method" data-small="1" data-medium="1" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/intl/intl_gam_sma_meth0" data-size="[300, 250]" data-apsload="1" data-prebidload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-channels="" data-largechannels="" data-smallchannels="" data-mediumchannels="" data-insertslotvalue="3" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":"30608497","pubmatic":"5347072","ix":"1024077","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2995662","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"559676948","triplelift":"WikiHow_intl_gam_sma_meth0","yieldmo":"3337803366255239581","grid":403846,"medianet":"237167833","rise":"intl_gam_sma_meth0","sharethrough":"G8Mg0XIOYCad9VRJQlt4SEp3"}'><div id="mobilemethod_ad_3"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Werbeanzeige</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('mobilemethod_ad_3')</script> </li> </ol> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section tipps sticky"> <div class="headline_container "><div class="headline_info"><h2 class="section-heading" onclick="javascript:mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element indicator"></div> <span class="mw-headline" id="Tipps">Tipps</span> </h2></div></div> <div id="tipps" class="section_text"> <ul> <li>Möchtest du auf deinem Mac die Anzahl der offenen Fenster einer Anwendungreduzieren? Wähle <b>Fenster</b> und gehe dann auf <b>Alle Fenster zusammenführen</b>. Wenn zusammengeführte Tabs wieder in einem einzelnen Fenster angezeigt werden sollen, wähle die entsprechende Regestrierkarte, klicke dann auf das <b>Fenster</b> Menü und anschließend auf <b>Tab in ein neues Fenster bewegen</b>.</li> <li>Wenn du eine Mac Anwendung benutzt, die in vielen Fenstern geöffnet ist und du alle Fenster auf einmal schließen möchtest, drücke die Tatenkombination <b>Command + Option + W</b>.</li> <li>In Windows 11 kannst du die Funktion der Tastenkombination <b>Alt + Tab</b> in <b>Einstellung</b> > <b>Systeme</b> > <b>Multitasking</b>> <b>Alt Tab</b> festlegen.</li> </ul> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="wh_ad_inner dfpsmall dfpsmallextra" data-service="adsense" data-slot="6103187118" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-smallslot="8125162876" data-smallheight="250" data-type="tips" data-small="1" data-medium="1" data-large="1" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/intl/intl_gam_sma_tipps" data-size="[300, 250]" data-apsload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-prebidload="1" data-channels="" data-largechannels="" data-smallchannels="" data-mediumchannels="" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":"30608499","pubmatic":"5347074","ix":"1024079","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2995666","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"559676950","triplelift":"WikiHow_intl_gam_sma_tipps","yieldmo":"3337803366506897823","grid":403848,"medianet":"572609383","rise":"intl_gam_sma_tipps","sharethrough":"wiQodSk6XeMXEl99SJyki9Sp"}'><div id="tips_ad_1"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Werbeanzeige</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('tips_ad_1')</script><div class="scrolltomarker"></div> </div> </div> <div class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> </div> <div class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="printfooter"> </div> <div class="section relatedwikihows sticky"> <div class="headline_container"><div class="headline_info"><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_wikiHows">Verwandte wikiHows</span></h2></div></div> <div id="relatedwikihows" class="section_text"> <a class="related-wh" href="/Einen-USB-Stick-bootf%C3%A4hig-machen"><div class="content-spacer"> <img id="b262f2c033e7d7cbcfeda508579e6dc9" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Einen USB Stick bootfähig machen" width="342" height="184" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/4/44/Make-a-USB-Bootable-Step-55.jpg/-crop-342-184-246px-Make-a-USB-Bootable-Step-55.jpg"><span class="related-wh-title">Einen USB Stick bootfähig machen</span> </div> <script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('b262f2c033e7d7cbcfeda508579e6dc9')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/4/44/Make-a-USB-Bootable-Step-55.jpg/-crop-342-184-246px-Make-a-USB-Bootable-Step-55.jpg"></noscript></a><a class="related-wh" href="/Erkennen-ob-dein-IPhone-gehackt-wurde"><div class="content-spacer"> <img id="06ae35b7d1960dc62ae8cb9e08c231e2" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Erkennen ob dein IPhone gehackt wurde" width="342" height="184" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/9/9d/Tell-if-Your-iPhone-Is-Hacked-Step-31.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Tell-if-Your-iPhone-Is-Hacked-Step-31.jpg"><span class="related-wh-title">Wurde dein iPhone gehackt? 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Stan Kats ist ein professioneller Technologe und der Geschäftsführer und Cheftechnologe von The STG IT Consulting Group in West Hollywood, Kalifornien. Stan bietet umfassende Technologielösungen für Unternehmen durch verwaltete IT-Dienste und für Privatpersonen durch sein Verbraucherservice-Unternehmen Stan's Tech Garage. Stan hat einen Bachelor in Internationalen Beziehungen von der University of Southern California. Er begann seine Karriere in der IT-Welt der Fortune 500. Stan gründete seine Unternehmen, um kleinen Unternehmen und Privatpersonen Fachwissen auf Unternehmensniveau zu bieten. 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background-image: none; color: #ffffff;" class="twitter-share-button" data-count="vertical" data-via="wikiHow" data-text="Wie du alle offenen Apps und Computerfenster sehen kannst (bei Windows 10, 11 und Mac)" data-related="JackH:Founder of wikiHow">Tweet</a></div><div id="pinterest"><a href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://de.wikihow.com/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikihow.com%2Fimages%2Fthumb%2F1%2F1f%2FSee-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg%2Fv4-333px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg&description=Wie+man+Wie+du+alle+offenen+Apps+und+Computerfenster+sehen+kannst+%28bei+Windows+10%2C+11+und+Mac%29+--+%C3%BCber+wikiHow.com" class="pin-it-button">Pin It</a></div><div class="like_button like_button_de"><fb:like href="https://de.wikihow.com/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen" send="false" layout="button" width="80px" show_faces="false"></fb:like></div><div class="email_share"><a href="mailto:?subject=Wie du alle offenen Apps und Computerfenster sehen kannst (bei Windows 10, 11 und Mac)&body=Schau dir diesen hilfreichen wikiHow Artikel an: https://de.wikihow.com/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen" title=Email><img src=../../../skins/owl/images/mail_wH.png width="30px" height="25px"></a></div> </div><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/intl/intl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-prebidload="1" data-size="[[300, 250],[300, 600],[120,600],[160,600]]" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="600" style="height:3300px" data-innerclass="w_label al_grey" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-rightrailmore="1" data-channels="" data-largechannels="" data-smallchannels="" data-mediumchannels="" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[[300, 250],[300, 600],[120,600],[160,600]]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":"30608509","pubmatic":"5347082","ix":"1024088","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2995676","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"559676955","triplelift":"WikiHow_intl_gam_lgm_rght2_300x600","yieldmo":"3337803367689691561","grid":403856,"medianet":"373112755","rise":"intl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"rkb2E0ABSeX685pU3U04m7M0"}"><div id="rightrail1_ad_1" class="w_label al_grey blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail1_ad_1')</script></div><br class="clearall"></div><br class="clearall"><script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "Article", "headline": "Wie du alle offenen Apps und Computerfenster sehen kannst (bei Windows 10, 11 und Mac)", "name": "Wie du alle offenen Apps und Computerfenster sehen kannst (bei Windows 10, 11 und Mac)", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "id": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com\/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/1\/1f\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg\/v4-1200px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg", "width": 1200, "height": 900 }, "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Stan Kats", "sameAs": [ "https:\/\/stginfotech.com\/", "https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/stankats\/", "https:\/\/twitter.com\/stansgarage", "https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/STGITConsulting" ] }, "datePublished": "2022-03-31", "dateModified": "2022-03-31", "publisher": { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "wikiHow", "url": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/skins\/owl\/images\/wikihow_logo_nobg_60.png", "width": 326, "height": 60 }, "sameAs": [ "https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wikiHow.de\/" ] }, "description": "Wenn du mit mehreren Anwendungen auf deinem Computer arbeitest, ist es leicht, einzelne offene Fenster aus dem Blick zu verlieren. Zum Gl\u00fcck gibt es bei Windows 11, Windows 10 und macOS einfache Tastenkombinationen und Dienstprogramme, die..." }</script><script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "HowTo", "headline": "Wie du alle offenen Apps und Computerfenster sehen kannst (bei Windows 10, 11 und Mac)", "name": "Wie du alle offenen Apps und Computerfenster sehen kannst (bei Windows 10, 11 und Mac)", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/1\/1f\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg\/v4-1200px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg", "width": 1200, "height": 900 }, "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Stan Kats", "sameAs": [ "https:\/\/stginfotech.com\/", "https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/stankats\/", "https:\/\/twitter.com\/stansgarage", "https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/STGITConsulting" ] }, "datePublished": "2022-03-31", "dateModified": "2022-03-31", "publisher": { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "wikiHow", "url": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/skins\/owl\/images\/wikihow_logo_nobg_60.png", "width": 326, "height": 60 }, "sameAs": [ "https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wikiHow.de\/" ] }, "step": [ { "@type": "HowToSection", "name": "In Windows 10", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Benutze Task View, um alle offenen Fenster auf demselben Bildschirm zu sehen Windows Taskview. Das Symbol dieser Funktion befindet sich auf deiner Taskleiste und sieht aus wie drei rechteckige Fenster mit einem Schieberegler auf der rechten Seite. Die Aufgabenansicht ist die einfachste Methode, um alle alle offenen Fenster auf einem Bildschirm zu sehen.\n\nWenn du das Symbol nicht auf deiner Taskleiste finden kannst, mache einen Rechtsklick auf die Leiste und w\u00e4hle Schaltfl\u00e4che Taskansicht anzeigen. Die Funktion kannst du auch \u00f6ffnen, indem du dieWindows Taste + Tab dr\u00fcckst.\nWenn du virtuelle Desktops erstellt hast, auf denen du unterschiedliche Anwendungen verwendest, klicke auf jeden virtuellen Desktop in der Leiste oberhalb der Taskansicht, um entsprechend offene Fenster anzuzeigen.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/7\/7d\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-1-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-1-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com\/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen#step-id-00" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Zeige Fenster \u00fcberlappend, gestapelt oder nebeneinander an. Um offene Fenster gleichzeitig auf deinem Bildschirm zu sehen, kannst du sie entsprechend anordnen. Mache einen Rechtsklick auf die Taskleiste und w\u00e4hle dann einer der folgenden Optionen aus, um deine offenen Fenster zu sehen:\n\nW\u00e4hle \u00dcberlappend, um deine Fenster \u00fcbereinander liegend darzustellen, sodass du nur die Titelleiste der Fenster angezeigt bekommst.\nW\u00e4hle Fenster gestapelt anzeigen, um alle offenen Fenster in einem oder mehreren vertikalen Stapeln zu sehen. Die Anzahl der Stapel h\u00e4ngt von den offenen Fenstern ab.\n\nFenster nebeneinander anzeigen funktioniert \u00e4hnlich zur Stapelfunktion, aber die Fenster werden nicht vertikal, sondern horizontal angeordnet.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/9\/95\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-2-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-2-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com\/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen#step-id-01" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Klicke Alt+Tab \u21b9, um Apps zu sehen und zwischen ihnen zu wechseln. Lasse die Tab Taste los, w\u00e4hrend du immer noch Alt gedr\u00fcckt h\u00e4ltst, um alle offenen Fenster anzuzeigen. Dieser Shortcut eignet sich hervorragend, statt deiner Maus die Tastatur zu verwenden, um schnell zwischen offenen Anwendungen zu springen. Zus\u00e4tzlich kannst du so aber auch feststellen, welche Fenster offen sind.\nUm zu einem anderen Fenster zu wechseln, verwende Tab (w\u00e4hrend du Alt gedr\u00fcckt h\u00e4ltst), um durch deine offenen Apps zu navigieren. Wenn du zu der App kommst, die du sehen m\u00f6chtest, lasse beide Tasten los.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/2\/2c\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-3-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-3-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com\/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen#step-id-02" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Schau dir alle offenen Anwendungen und Prozesse mit dem Task-Manager an. Diese Funktion zeigt dir alle Apps und Hintergrundprozesse, die auf deinem PC laufen. Du kannst Task-Manager mit dem Shortcut Steuerung + Umschalt + Esc aufrufen. Dr\u00fccke dazu die genannten Tasten zur selben Zeit. Alternativ kannst du einen Rechtsklick auf die Taskleiste machen und dann Task-Manager ausw\u00e4hlen.\n\nWenn sich der Task-Manager \u00f6ffnet, siehst du eine kurze Liste aller offenen Apps. Klicke auf Weitere Details, um mehr Informationen zu erlangen, darunter auch eine Liste der Prozesse, die im Hintergrund laufen.\nIm Bereich \"Apps\" auf dem Tab Prozesse siehst du die Anwendungen, die ge\u00f6ffnete Fenster haben bzw. minimiert sind.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/a\/ad\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-4-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-4-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com\/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen#step-id-03" } ] }, { "@type": "HowToSection", "name": "In Windows 11", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Benutze Task View, um alle Fenster auf demselben Bildschirm zu sehen. Das Symbol f\u00fcr die Aufgabenansicht sind zwei sich \u00fcberlappende Vierecke (eines wei\u00df, das andere grau). Task View befindet sich auf deiner Taskleiste am unteren Ende des Bildschirms. Diese Funktion zeigt dir alle Fenster auf einem einzigen Display an und ist die einfachste Methode, um alle offenen Fenster auf einen Blick zu sehen. Du kannst Task View auch aufrufen, indem du Windows Taste + Tab dr\u00fcckst.\n\nWenn du dort das Task View Symbol nicht finden kannst, dann mache einen Rechtsklick auf Taskleiste, w\u00e4hle Einstellungen. Anschlie\u00dfend w\u00e4hle die Option \"Task View\" an.\nWenn du virtuelle Desktops verwendest, um verschiedene Apps laufen zu lassen, bekommst du die einzelnen Desktops am unteren Ende der Task View angezeigt. Klicke auf einen Desktop, um die dort offenen Fenster sehen zu k\u00f6nnen.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/a\/a5\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-5-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-5-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com\/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen#step-id-14" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Bewege deinen Mauszeiger \u00fcber das Taskleisten-Symbol, um schnell einen \u00dcberblick zu bekommen. Wenn du in Windows 11 eine Anwendung ge\u00f6ffnet hast, bleibt das App-Icon auf der Taskleiste sichtbar. Die Anwendungen, die offene Fenster nutzen, sind wei\u00df unterstrichen. Gehe mit deiner Maus \u00fcber eines der wei\u00df unterstrichenen Symbole, um eine Miniaturansicht der ge\u00f6ffneten Fenster zu sehen. Du kannst dann auf eine der Vorschauen klicken, um das Fenster aufzurufen.\nBewege deinen Mausanzeiger \u00fcber das Task View Symbol, um alle ge\u00f6ffneten Desktops zu sehen. Du kannst dann auf eine Vorschau gehen, um zum entsprechenden Desktop zu gelangen.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/0a\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-6-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-6-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com\/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen#step-id-15" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Klicke Alt+Tab \u21b9, um Apps zu sehen und zwischen ihnen zu wechseln. Lasse die Tab Taste los, w\u00e4hrend du immer noch Alt gedr\u00fcckt h\u00e4ltst, um alle offenen Fenster anzuzeigen. Dieser Shortcut eignet sich hervorragend, statt deiner Maus die Tastatur zu verwenden, um schnell zwischen offenen Anwendungen zu springen. Zus\u00e4tzlich kannst du so aber auch feststellen, welche Fenster offen sind.\nUm zu einem anderen Fenster zu wechseln, verwende Tab (w\u00e4hrend du Alt gedr\u00fcckt h\u00e4ltst), um durch deine offenen Apps zu navigieren. Wenn du zu der App kommst, die du sehen m\u00f6chtest, lasse beide Tasten los.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/0b\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-7-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-7-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com\/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen#step-id-16" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Schau dir alle offenen Anwendungen und Prozesse mit dem Task-Manager an. Diese Funktion zeigt dir alle Apps und Hintergrundprozesse, die auf deinem PC laufen. Du kannst Task-Manager mit dem Shortcut Steuerung + Umschalt + Esc aufrufen. Dr\u00fccke dazu die genannten Tasten zur selben Zeit. Alternativ kannst du einen Rechtsklick auf die Taskleiste machen und dann Task-Manager ausw\u00e4hlen.\n\nWenn sich der Task-Manager \u00f6ffnet, siehst du eine kurze Liste aller offenen Apps. \u201eKlicke auf Weitere Details, um mehr Informationen zu erlangen, darunter auch eine Liste der Prozesse, die im Hintergrund laufen.\nIm Bereich \"Apps\" auf dem Tab Prozesse siehst du die Anwendungen, die ge\u00f6ffnete Fenster haben bzw. minimiert sind.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/53\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-8-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-8-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com\/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen#step-id-17" } ] }, { "@type": "HowToSection", "name": "Auf einem Mac", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Verwende Mission Control, um alle offenen Fenster auf deinem Schreibtisch zu sehen. Das ist die einfachste Methode, um alle offenen Apps auf deinem Mac zu sehen. Wenn du verschiedene Spaces (Bereiche auf deinem Computer) kreiert hast, um deine Apps in einer \u00fcbersichtlichen Form anzuzeigen, findest du diese in der Spaces-Leiste am oberen Bildschirmrand. Klicke auf einen Space, um alle Fenster angezeigt zu bekommen, die dort ge\u00f6ffnet sind. Um Mission Control zu \u00f6ffnen, w\u00e4hle eine der folgenden Operationen:\n\nDr\u00fccke auf dem Apple-Keyboard, die Mission Control Taste F3, die du am oberen Rand der Tastatur findest. F3 hat ein rechteckiges Symbol aufgedruckt, in dem sich drei kleinere Rechtecke befinden.\nWenn du ein MacBook verwendest, dann wische mit drei Fingern auf deinem Trackpad nach oben.\nWenn dein MacBook eine Touch Bar hat, tippe auf das Symbol mit den drei Rechtecken.\nWenn du eine Magic Mouse hast, doppelklicke die Oberfl\u00e4che der Maus mit zwei Fingern.\nPresse auf der Tastatur gleichzeitig ctrl + Aufw\u00e4rtspfeil.\nDoppelklicke auf die Mission Control App in deinem Anwendungsordner.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/e9\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-9-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-9-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com\/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen#step-id-28" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Klicke \u2318 Command+Tab \u21b9, um Apps zu sehen und zwischen ihnen zu wechseln. Dieser Shortcut ist toll, um alle offenen Apps sehen zu k\u00f6nnen. Wenn du diese Tastenkombination w\u00e4hlst, halte die Command Taste gedr\u00fcckt, w\u00e4hrend du Tab' losl\u00e4sst. \nUm zu einem offenen Fenster zu gelangen: W\u00e4hrend du Command gedr\u00fcckt h\u00e4ltst, verwende die rechte bzw. linke Pfeiltaste, um zwischen den Apps zu navigieren. Wenn du die App ausgew\u00e4hlt hast, die du sehen m\u00f6chtest, lasse Command los.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/8\/8c\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-10-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-10-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com\/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen#step-id-29" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "\u00d6ffne das \u201eSofort beenden\u201c Men\u00fc, um offene Apps zu sehen und sie zu schlie\u00dfen. \u201eSofort beenden\u201c hilft dir, schnell Apps zu schlie\u00dfen. Aber die Funktion kann auch benutzt werden, um herauszufinden, welche Fenster auf deinem Mac ge\u00f6ffnet sind (auch die, die minimiert sind). Um das Men\u00fc zu \u00f6ffnen, dr\u00fccke gleichzeitig Command + Option + Esc.\nDu kannst ein Fenster in dieser Anwendung schlie\u00dfen, indem du es ausw\u00e4hlst und Sofort beenden anklickst.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/e7\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-11-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-11-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com\/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen#step-id-210" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Finde alle offenen Anwendungen und Prozesse durch die Aktivit\u00e4tsanzeige. Diese Anzeige zeigt dir nicht nur, welche Apps offen sind, sondern auch, wie viel Speicher, Energie und CPU jede Anwendung beansprucht. Um die Aktivit\u00e4tsanzeige zu \u00f6ffnen, gehe zu Anwendungen im Finder, doppelklick auf Dienstprogramme und wiederhole den Vorgang, wenn du Aktivit\u00e4tsanzeige gefunden hast.\n\n\u00dcber die Aktivit\u00e4tsanzeige findest du nicht nur Informationen \u00fcber Anwendungen heraus, die Fenster auf deinem Schreibtisch ge\u00f6ffnet haben, sondern du bekommst auch Auskunft \u00fcber Prozesse, die im Hintergrund laufen.\nKlicke durch die Tabs am oberen Rand des Fensters deiner Aktivit\u00e4tsanzeige, um mehr \u00fcber Ressourcen zu erfahren, die jede offene App bzw. jeder laufende Prozess verbraucht.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/1\/1f\/See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-See-All-Open-Windows-Step-12-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com\/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen#step-id-211" } ] } ], "description": "Wenn du mit mehreren Anwendungen auf deinem Computer arbeitest, ist es leicht, einzelne offene Fenster aus dem Blick zu verlieren. Zum Gl\u00fcck gibt es bei Windows 11, Windows 10 und macOS einfache Tastenkombinationen und Dienstprogramme, die..." }</script><script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com", "name": "wikiHow" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com\/Kategorie:Technik-%26-Elektronik", "name": "Technik & Elektronik" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com\/Kategorie:Betriebssysteme", "name": "Betriebssysteme" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/de.wikihow.com\/Alle-offenen-Computerfenster-sehen", "name": "Wie du alle offenen Apps und Computerfenster sehen kannst (bei Windows 10, 11 und Mac)" } } ] }</script> <div id="fb-root" ></div> <div id="footer" role="navigation"> <div id="footer_inner"> <a href='/Hauptseite' id="footer_logo"> <img src='/skins/owl/images/wikihow_logo_intl.png' width='162' height='42' alt='wikiHow' /> </a> <div id="footer_crumbs"> <ul class="breadcrumbs"> <li><a href="/Spezial:CategoryListing" title="Spezial:CategoryListing">Kategorien</a></li><li><a href="/Kategorie:Technik-%26-Elektronik" title="Kategorie:Technik & Elektronik">Technik & Elektronik</a></li><li><a href="/Kategorie:Betriebssysteme" title="Kategorie:Betriebssysteme">Betriebssysteme</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="footer_top_divider" class="footer_divider"></div> <div id="footer_vertical_divider"></div> <div id="search_footer" class="wh_search " role="search"> <div class="cse_x" role="button"></div> <form action="/wikiHowTo" id="cse-search-box-bottom"> <div> <input type="text" class="cse_q search_box" id='search_field_bottom' name="search" value="" placeholder="Wie du alle offenen Apps und Computerfenster sehen kannst (bei Windows 10, 11 und Mac)" x-webkit-speech aria-label="Suchen" /> <input type="submit" value="" class="cse_sa" alt="" name="Search"/> </div> </form> </div> <!--end search--> <div id="footer_links"> <ul> <li><a href="/Hauptseite" title="Hauptseite">Hauptseite</a></li> <li><a href="/wikiHow:%C3%9Cber-wikiHow" title="wikiHow:Über wikiHow">Über wikiHow</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://de.wikihow.com/Experten">Experten</a></li> <li><a href="/wikiHow:Impressum" title="wikiHow:Impressum">Impressum</a></li> <li><a href="/Spezial:Sitemap" title="Spezial:Sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a href="/wikiHow:Richtlinien" title="wikiHow:Richtlinien">Nutzungsbedingungen (Englisch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wikiHow:Datenschutz-Bestimmungen" title="wikiHow:Datenschutz Bestimmungen">Datenschutz Bestimmungen</a></li> <li><a id="footer_ccpa" href="#">Do Not <span class="ccpa_footer_extra">Sell or </span>Share My Info</a></li> <li><a id="footer_ccpa_optout" href="#">Not Selling Info</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="sf"> <div> <p>Folge uns</p> <a id="sf_ig" class="sf_icon" href="https://www.instagram.com/wikihow.deutsch/" target="_blank" title="Instagram"></a><a id="sf_fb" class="sf_icon" href="https://www.facebook.com/wikiHow.de/" target="_blank" title="Facebook"></a><a id="sf_tt" class="sf_icon" href="https://x.com/WikihowD" target="_blank" title="Twitter"></a><a id="sf_yt" class="sf_icon" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/WikiHow" target="_blank" title="YouTube"></a><a id="sf_nl" class="sf_icon" href="https://mailchi.mp/3092cf9a6d79/deutsches-wikihow" target="_blank" title="Newsletter"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wikihow.com/extensions/min/f/_ads/gads.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wikihow.com/x/zscsucgm?"></script> <script> window.WH = window.WH || {}; 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