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href="#The_town_houses_and_the_beginning_of_Art_Nouveau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The town houses and the beginning of Art Nouveau</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_town_houses_and_the_beginning_of_Art_Nouveau-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The town houses and the beginning of Art Nouveau subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_town_houses_and_the_beginning_of_Art_Nouveau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hôtel_Tassel_(1892–93)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hôtel_Tassel_(1892–93)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Hôtel Tassel (1892–93)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hôtel_Tassel_(1892–93)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hôtel_Solvay_(1895–1900)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hôtel_Solvay_(1895–1900)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Hôtel Solvay (1895–1900)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hôtel_Solvay_(1895–1900)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hôtel_Van_Eetvelde_(1895–1901)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hôtel_Van_Eetvelde_(1895–1901)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hôtel Van Eetvelde (1895–1901)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hôtel_Van_Eetvelde_(1895–1901)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horta_House_and_Studio_(1898–1901)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horta_House_and_Studio_(1898–1901)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Horta House and Studio (1898–1901)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horta_House_and_Studio_(1898–1901)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hôtel_Aubecq_(1899–1902)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hôtel_Aubecq_(1899–1902)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Hôtel Aubecq (1899–1902)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hôtel_Aubecq_(1899–1902)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maison_du_Peuple_(1896–1899)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maison_du_Peuple_(1896–1899)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Maison du Peuple (1896–1899)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maison_du_Peuple_(1896–1899)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magasins_Waucquez_(1905–06)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magasins_Waucquez_(1905–06)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Magasins Waucquez (1905–06)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magasins_Waucquez_(1905–06)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brugmann_University_Hospital_(1906)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brugmann_University_Hospital_(1906)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Brugmann University Hospital (1906)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brugmann_University_Hospital_(1906)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_First_World_War_–_travel_to_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_First_World_War_–_travel_to_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The First World War – travel to the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_First_World_War_–_travel_to_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_Projects_–_debut_of_modernism_(1919–1939)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_Projects_–_debut_of_modernism_(1919–1939)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Later Projects – debut of modernism (1919–1939)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_Projects_–_debut_of_modernism_(1919–1939)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Later Projects – debut of modernism (1919–1939) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Later_Projects_–_debut_of_modernism_(1919–1939)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Centre_for_Fine_Arts_(1923–1929)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centre_for_Fine_Arts_(1923–1929)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Centre for Fine Arts (1923–1929)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centre_for_Fine_Arts_(1923–1929)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brussels-Central_railway_station_(1913–1952)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brussels-Central_railway_station_(1913–1952)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Brussels-Central railway station (1913–1952)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brussels-Central_railway_station_(1913–1952)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Furniture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Furniture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Furniture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Furniture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_work_and_personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_work_and_personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Later work and personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_work_and_personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Later work and personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Later_work_and_personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Heritage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>List of works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Victor Horta</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="فيكتور هورتا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيكتور هورتا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Віктар Орта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Віктар Орта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Виктор Орта – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Виктор Орта" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%81_%CE%9F%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AC" title="Βικτόρ Ορτά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βικτόρ Ορτά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="ویکتور هورتا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکتور هورتا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%85%ED%86%A0%EB%A5%B4_%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%83%80" title="빅토르 오르타 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빅토르 오르타" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%95%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1" title="Վիկտոր Օրտա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիկտոր Օրտա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%94" title="ויקטור הורטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויקטור הורטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="ვიქტორ ორტა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიქტორ ორტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktors_Ort%C4%81" title="Viktors Ortā – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viktors Ortā" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="فيكتور هورتا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيكتور هورتا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF" title="ヴィクトール・オルタ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィクトール・オルタ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE" title="ਵਿਕਟਰ ਹੋਰਟਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਕਟਰ ਹੋਰਟਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Орта, Виктор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Орта, Виктор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Orta" title="Viktor Orta – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Viktor Orta" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Віктор Орта – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Віктор Орта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Victor Horta" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%94" title="维克多·奥塔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Belgian architect and designer</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Victor Horta</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Victor_Horta_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Victor_Horta_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Victor_Horta_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Victor_Horta_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Victor_Horta_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Victor_Horta_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="406" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1861-01-06</span>)</span>6 January 1861<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Flanders" title="East Flanders">East Flanders</a>, Belgium</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 September 1947<span style="display:none">(1947-09-08)</span> (aged 86)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brabant" title="Province of Brabant">Brabant</a>), Belgium</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Architect</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Titled "<a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron</a>" by King <a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Belgium" title="Albert I of Belgium">Albert I of Belgium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Godecharle" title="Prix Godecharle">Prix Godecharle</a> (1884)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Buildings</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Tassel" title="Hôtel Tassel">Hôtel Tassel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Horta_Museum" title="Horta Museum">Horta House and Studio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_van_Eetvelde" title="Hôtel van Eetvelde">Hôtel van Eetvelde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Solvay" title="Hôtel Solvay">Hôtel Solvay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Fine_Arts,_Brussels" title="Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels">Centre for Fine Arts in Brussels</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Projects</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Brussels-Central_railway_station" title="Brussels-Central railway station">Brussels-Central railway station</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_Victor_Horta_1900.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Signature_Victor_Horta_1900.svg/150px-Signature_Victor_Horta_1900.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Signature_Victor_Horta_1900.svg/225px-Signature_Victor_Horta_1900.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Signature_Victor_Horta_1900.svg/300px-Signature_Victor_Horta_1900.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="144" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Pavillon_des_Passions_humaines_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Pavillon_des_Passions_humaines_-_01.jpg/260px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Pavillon_des_Passions_humaines_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Pavillon_des_Passions_humaines_-_01.jpg/390px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Pavillon_des_Passions_humaines_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Pavillon_des_Passions_humaines_-_01.jpg/520px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Pavillon_des_Passions_humaines_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3535" data-file-height="3333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pavilion_of_Human_Passions" title="Pavilion of Human Passions">Pavilion of Human Passions</a>, Brussels (1890–1897)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Victor Pierre Horta</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[viktɔʁ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɔʁta]</a></span>; <b>Victor, Baron Horta</b> after 1932; 6 January 1861 – 8 September 1947) was a Belgian <a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architect</a> and designer, and one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOudin1994237_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOudin1994237-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a fervent admirer of the French architectural theorist <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Viollet-le-Duc" title="Eugène Viollet-le-Duc">Eugène Viollet-le-Duc</a> and his <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Tassel" title="Hôtel Tassel">Hôtel Tassel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> (1892–93), often considered the first Art Nouveau house, is based on the work of Viollet-le-Duc.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBekaert1985_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBekaert1985-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The curving stylized vegetal forms that Horta used in turn influenced many others, including the French architect <a href="/wiki/Hector_Guimard" title="Hector Guimard">Hector Guimard</a>, who used it in the first Art Nouveau apartment building he designed in Paris and in the entrances he designed for the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Metro">Paris Metro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFahr-Becker2015398_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFahr-Becker2015398-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also considered a precursor of <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modern architecture</a> for his <a href="/wiki/Open_plan" title="Open plan">open floor plans</a> and his innovative use of <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> and glass.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOudin1994237_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOudin1994237-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Horta's later work moved away from Art Nouveau, and became more geometric and formal, with <a href="/wiki/Classical_architecture" title="Classical architecture">classical</a> touches, such as <a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">columns</a>. He made a highly original use of steel frames and <a href="/wiki/Skylight" title="Skylight">skylights</a> to bring light into the structures, open floor plans, and finely-designed decorative details. His later major works included the <a href="/wiki/Maison_du_Peuple,_Brussels" title="Maison du Peuple, Brussels">Maison du Peuple/Volkshuis</a> (1895–1899), <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Fine_Arts,_Brussels" title="Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels">Brussels' Centre for Fine Arts</a> (1923–1929) and <a href="/wiki/Brussels-Central_railway_station" title="Brussels-Central railway station">Brussels-Central railway station</a> (1913–1952). In 1932, <a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Belgium" title="Albert I of Belgium">King Albert I</a> conferred on Horta the title of <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron</a> for his services to the field of architecture. </p><p>After Art Nouveau lost favor, many of Horta's buildings were abandoned, or even destroyed, though his work has since been rehabilitated. <a href="/wiki/Major_Town_Houses_of_the_Architect_Victor_Horta_(Brussels)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Town Houses of the Architect Victor Horta (Brussels)">Four of the buildings he designed</a> in Brussels were added to the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage List</a> in 2000: the Hôtel Tassel, the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Solvay" title="Hôtel Solvay">Hôtel Solvay</a>, the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_van_Eetvelde" title="Hôtel van Eetvelde">Hôtel van Eetvelde</a> and the Horta House (currently the <a href="/wiki/Horta_Museum" title="Horta Museum">Horta Museum</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_early_work">Life and early work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and early work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Victor Horta was born in <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>, Belgium, on 6 January 1861. His father was a master shoemaker, who, as Horta recalled, considered craftsmanship a high form of art. The young Horta began by studying music at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Conservatory_of_Ghent" title="Royal Conservatory of Ghent">Royal Conservatory of Ghent</a>. He was expelled for misbehavior and went instead to study at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_(KASK)" title="Royal Academy of Fine Arts (KASK)">Royal Academy of Fine Arts</a> in Ghent. At the Ghent Conservatory, an aula is named after him today.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he was seventeen, he moved to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and found work with the architect and designer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Debuysson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Debuysson (page does not exist)">Jules Debuysson</a>. </p><p>Horta's father died in 1880, and Horta returned to Belgium. He moved to <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> and married his first wife, with whom he later fathered two daughters. He began to study architecture at the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Royale_des_Beaux-Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts">Royal Academy of Fine Arts</a> in Brussels. He became friends with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hankar" title="Paul Hankar">Paul Hankar</a>, another early pioneer of Art Nouveau architecture. Horta did well in his studies and was taken on as an assistant by his professor <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Balat" title="Alphonse Balat">Alphonse Balat</a>, the architect to <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II_of_Belgium" title="Leopold II of Belgium">King Leopold II</a>. Horta worked with Balat on the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Greenhouses_of_Laeken" title="Royal Greenhouses of Laeken">Royal Greenhouses of Laeken</a> in northern Brussels, Horta's first work to utilise glass and iron.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1884, Horta won the first <a href="/wiki/Gilles-Lambert_Godecharle" title="Gilles-Lambert Godecharle">Prix Godecharle</a> to be awarded for architecture for a proposed new building for the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Belgian Parliament</a>. On his graduation from the Royal Academy, he was awarded the Grand Prize in architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the years that followed, Horta joined the Central Society of Belgian Architecture, designed and completed three houses in a traditional style, and took part in several competitions. In 1892, he was named head of the Department of Graphic Design for Architecture at the <a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Brussels_(1834%E2%80%931969)" title="Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)">Free University of Brussels</a>, and promoted to professor in 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hmbiofr_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hmbiofr-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, through lectures and exhibitions organised by the artists' group <a href="/wiki/Les_XX" title="Les XX">Les XX</a>, Horta became familiar with the British <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts and Crafts Movement">Arts and Crafts Movement</a>, the developments in book design, and especially textiles and wallpaper, which influenced his later work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFahr-Becker2015137_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFahr-Becker2015137-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1893, Horta built a <a href="/wiki/Town_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Town house">town house</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Autrique_House" title="Autrique House">Autrique House</a> for his friend Eugène Autrique. The interior had a traditional floor plan, due to a limited budget, but the facade previewed some of the elements he developed into the full Art Nouveau style, including iron columns and ceramic floral designs.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1894, Horta was elected President of the Central Society of Belgian Architecture, although he resigned the following year following a dispute caused when he was awarded the commission for a <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergarten</a> on the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Rue Saint-Ghislain</span></span>/<span title="Dutch-language text"><span lang="nl" style="font-style: normal;">Sint-Gissleinsstraat</span></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Marollen" title="Marollen">Marolles/Marollen</a> district of Brussels, without a public competition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Throughout his life, Horta was greatly influenced by the French architectural theorist <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Viollet-le-Duc" title="Eugène Viollet-le-Duc">Eugène Viollet-le-Duc</a>, whose ideas he completely identified with.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBekaert198538_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBekaert198538-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925, he wrote: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Since 1840, the theories of Viollet-le-Duc are a sharp, precise and constructive analysis of each element in architecture, bringing the whole of architecture to its absolute origin – a construction out of which any form of art can emerge.<i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_town_houses_and_the_beginning_of_Art_Nouveau">The town houses and the beginning of Art Nouveau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The town houses and the beginning of Art Nouveau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hôtel_Tassel_(1892–93)"><span id="H.C3.B4tel_Tassel_.281892.E2.80.9393.29"></span>Hôtel Tassel (1892–93)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hôtel Tassel (1892–93)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The major breakthrough for Horta came in 1892, when he was commissioned to design a home for the scientist and professor Émile Tassel. The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Tassel" title="Hôtel Tassel">Hôtel Tassel</a> was completed in 1893. The stone facade, designed to harmonize with the neighboring buildings, was fairly traditional, but the interior was strikingly new. Horta used the technologies of glass and iron, which he had practiced on the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Greenhouses_of_Laeken" title="Royal Greenhouses of Laeken">Royal Greenhouses of Laeken</a>, to create an interior filled with light and space. The house was built around an open central stairway. The interior decoration featured curling lines, modeled after vines and flowers, which were repeated in the ironwork railings of the stairway, in the tiles of the floor, in the glass of the doors and skylights, and painted on the walls. The building is widely recognized as one of the first appearances of Art Nouveau in architecture (along with the <a href="/wiki/Hankar_House" title="Hankar House">Hankar House</a> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hankar" title="Paul Hankar">Paul Hankar</a>, built at the same time).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiedion1941_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiedion1941-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOudin1994237_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOudin1994237-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESembach201347_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESembach201347-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, it was designated, along with three other town houses designed soon afterwards, as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. In designating these sites, UNESCO explained: "The stylistic revolution represented by these works is characterised by their open plan, the diffusion of light, and the brilliant joining of the curved lines of decoration with the structure of the building."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 128.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victor_Horta_Hotel_Tassel.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Facade of the Hôtel Tassel, Brussels (1893)"><img alt="Facade of the Hôtel Tassel, Brussels (1893)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Victor_Horta_Hotel_Tassel.JPG/190px-Victor_Horta_Hotel_Tassel.JPG" decoding="async" width="127" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Victor_Horta_Hotel_Tassel.JPG/285px-Victor_Horta_Hotel_Tassel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Victor_Horta_Hotel_Tassel.JPG/380px-Victor_Horta_Hotel_Tassel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1698" data-file-height="2682" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Facade of the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Tassel" title="Hôtel Tassel">Hôtel Tassel</a>, Brussels (1893)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 238px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 236px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tassel_House_stairway.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Stairway of the Hôtel Tassel"><img alt="Stairway of the Hôtel Tassel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tassel_House_stairway.JPG/354px-Tassel_House_stairway.JPG" decoding="async" width="236" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tassel_House_stairway.JPG/531px-Tassel_House_stairway.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tassel_House_stairway.JPG/708px-Tassel_House_stairway.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stairway of the Hôtel Tassel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tassel_House_ground_floor.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Floor of the Hôtel Tassel, with the characteristic curling vegetal design"><img alt="Floor of the Hôtel Tassel, with the characteristic curling vegetal design" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tassel_House_ground_floor.JPG/450px-Tassel_House_ground_floor.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tassel_House_ground_floor.JPG/675px-Tassel_House_ground_floor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tassel_House_ground_floor.JPG/900px-Tassel_House_ground_floor.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Floor of the Hôtel Tassel, with the characteristic curling vegetal design</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hôtel_Solvay_(1895–1900)"><span id="H.C3.B4tel_Solvay_.281895.E2.80.931900.29"></span>Hôtel Solvay (1895–1900)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hôtel Solvay (1895–1900)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Solvay" title="Hôtel Solvay">Hôtel Solvay</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Avenue_Louise" title="Avenue Louise">Avenue Louise/Louizalaan</a> in Brussels, was constructed for Armand Solvay, the son of the chemist and industrialist <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Solvay" title="Ernest Solvay">Ernest Solvay</a>. Horta had a virtually unlimited budget, and used the most exotic materials in unusual combinations, such as marble, bronze and rare tropical woods in the stairway decoration. The stairway walls were decorated by the <a href="/wiki/Pointillism" title="Pointillism">pointillist</a> painter <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9o_van_Rysselberghe" title="Théo van Rysselberghe">Théo van Rysselberghe</a>. Horta designed every detail including the bronze doorbell and the house number, to match the overall style.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESembach201360_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESembach201360-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_-_H%C3%B4tel_Solvay_-_1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance of the Hôtel Solvay, Brussels (1895–1900)"><img alt="Entrance of the Hôtel Solvay, Brussels (1895–1900)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Entrance_-_H%C3%B4tel_Solvay_-_1898.jpg/225px-Entrance_-_H%C3%B4tel_Solvay_-_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Entrance_-_H%C3%B4tel_Solvay_-_1898.jpg/337px-Entrance_-_H%C3%B4tel_Solvay_-_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Entrance_-_H%C3%B4tel_Solvay_-_1898.jpg/450px-Entrance_-_H%C3%B4tel_Solvay_-_1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance of the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Solvay" title="Hôtel Solvay">Hôtel Solvay</a>, Brussels (1895–1900)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BE_Bruxelles_Horta_Solvay.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Facade of the Hôtel Solvay"><img alt="Facade of the Hôtel Solvay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BE_Bruxelles_Horta_Solvay.JPG/225px-BE_Bruxelles_Horta_Solvay.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BE_Bruxelles_Horta_Solvay.JPG/337px-BE_Bruxelles_Horta_Solvay.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BE_Bruxelles_Horta_Solvay.JPG/450px-BE_Bruxelles_Horta_Solvay.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Facade of the Hôtel Solvay</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Design_for_the_H%C3%B4tel_Solvay.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design of Hôtel Solvay interior decoration by Horta"><img alt="Design of Hôtel Solvay interior decoration by Horta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Design_for_the_H%C3%B4tel_Solvay.jpg/321px-Design_for_the_H%C3%B4tel_Solvay.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Design_for_the_H%C3%B4tel_Solvay.jpg/481px-Design_for_the_H%C3%B4tel_Solvay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Design_for_the_H%C3%B4tel_Solvay.jpg/642px-Design_for_the_H%C3%B4tel_Solvay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="678" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Design of Hôtel Solvay interior decoration by Horta </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Solvay_House_-_Detail_(Victor_Horta,_arch.).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Doorbell of the Hôtel Solvay"><img alt="Doorbell of the Hôtel Solvay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Solvay_House_-_Detail_%28Victor_Horta%2C_arch.%29.jpg/225px-Solvay_House_-_Detail_%28Victor_Horta%2C_arch.%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Solvay_House_-_Detail_%28Victor_Horta%2C_arch.%29.jpg/337px-Solvay_House_-_Detail_%28Victor_Horta%2C_arch.%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Solvay_House_-_Detail_%28Victor_Horta%2C_arch.%29.jpg/450px-Solvay_House_-_Detail_%28Victor_Horta%2C_arch.%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Doorbell of the Hôtel Solvay</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hôtel_Van_Eetvelde_(1895–1901)"><span id="H.C3.B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_.281895.E2.80.931901.29"></span>Hôtel Van Eetvelde (1895–1901)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hôtel Van Eetvelde (1895–1901)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_van_Eetvelde" title="Hôtel van Eetvelde">Hôtel van Eetvelde</a> is considered one of Horta's most accomplished and innovative buildings, because of highly original Winter Garden interior and the imaginative details throughout. The open floor plan of the Hôtel Van Eetvelde was particularly original, and offered an abundance of light, both horizontally and vertically, and a great sensation of space. A central court went up the height of the building, bringing light from the skylight above. On the main floor, the oval-shaped salons were open to the courtyard, and also received light from large bay windows. It was possible to look from one side of the building to other from any of the salons on the main floor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESembach201362_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESembach201362-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 116.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 114.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Facade of the Hôtel van Eetvelde, Brussels (1895–1901)"><img alt="Facade of the Hôtel van Eetvelde, Brussels (1895–1901)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_01.jpg/172px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_01.jpg/259px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_01.jpg/345px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2149" data-file-height="3737" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Facade of the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_van_Eetvelde" title="Hôtel van Eetvelde">Hôtel van Eetvelde</a>, Brussels (1895–1901)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_20.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of the Winter Garden of the Hôtel van Eetvelde"><img alt="Detail of the Winter Garden of the Hôtel van Eetvelde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_20.jpg/200px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_20.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_20.jpg/300px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_20.jpg/400px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2006" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of the Winter Garden of the Hôtel van Eetvelde</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Winter_Garden_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_(rue_Palmerston,_4,_Brussels).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Winter Garden of the Hôtel van Eetvelde"><img alt="Winter Garden of the Hôtel van Eetvelde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Winter_Garden_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_%28rue_Palmerston%2C_4%2C_Brussels%29.jpg/234px-Winter_Garden_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_%28rue_Palmerston%2C_4%2C_Brussels%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Winter_Garden_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_%28rue_Palmerston%2C_4%2C_Brussels%29.jpg/351px-Winter_Garden_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_%28rue_Palmerston%2C_4%2C_Brussels%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Winter_Garden_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_%28rue_Palmerston%2C_4%2C_Brussels%29.jpg/468px-Winter_Garden_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_%28rue_Palmerston%2C_4%2C_Brussels%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="939" data-file-height="1203" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Winter Garden of the Hôtel van Eetvelde</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 147.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 145.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_21.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Doorway with stained glass"><img alt="Doorway with stained glass" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_21.jpg/218px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_21.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_21.jpg/327px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_21.jpg/437px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_H%C3%B4tel_Van_Eetvelde_-_21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2056" data-file-height="2824" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Doorway with stained glass</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel_van_Eetvelde.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of the facade of the Hôtel van Eetvelde"><img alt="Detail of the facade of the Hôtel van Eetvelde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hotel_van_Eetvelde.jpg/199px-Hotel_van_Eetvelde.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hotel_van_Eetvelde.jpg/299px-Hotel_van_Eetvelde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hotel_van_Eetvelde.jpg/399px-Hotel_van_Eetvelde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of the facade of the Hôtel van Eetvelde</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horta_House_and_Studio_(1898–1901)"><span id="Horta_House_and_Studio_.281898.E2.80.931901.29"></span>Horta House and Studio (1898–1901)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Horta House and Studio (1898–1901)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Horta House and Studio, now the <a href="/wiki/Horta_Museum" title="Horta Museum">Horta Museum</a>, was Horta's residence and office, and was certainly more modest than the other houses, but it had its own original features and equally fine craftsmanship and mastery of details. He made unusual combinations of materials, such as wood, iron and marble in the staircase decoration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFahr-Becker2015143_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFahr-Becker2015143-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The novel element in Horta's houses and then his larger buildings was his search for maximum transparency and light, something often difficult to achieve with the narrow building sites in Brussels. He achieved this by use of large windows, skylights, mirrors, and especially by his open floor plans, which brought in light from all sides and from above.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESembach201348_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESembach201348-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Horta_door.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of the door of the Horta Museum, Brussels (1898–1901)"><img alt="Detail of the door of the Horta Museum, Brussels (1898–1901)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Horta_door.jpg/400px-Horta_door.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Horta_door.jpg/600px-Horta_door.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Horta_door.jpg/800px-Horta_door.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of the door of the <a href="/wiki/Horta_Museum" title="Horta Museum">Horta Museum</a>, Brussels (1898–1901)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 163.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 161.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hortamuseum.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="The Horta Museum, composed of Horta's residence and workshop side-by-side"><img alt="The Horta Museum, composed of Horta's residence and workshop side-by-side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hortamuseum.tif/lossy-page1-242px-Hortamuseum.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hortamuseum.tif/lossy-page1-364px-Hortamuseum.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hortamuseum.tif/lossy-page1-485px-Hortamuseum.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3725" data-file-height="4607" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Horta Museum, composed of Horta's residence and workshop side-by-side</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HortaELWI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stairway and skylight and stairway of the Horta Museum"><img alt="Stairway and skylight and stairway of the Horta Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/HortaELWI.jpg/205px-HortaELWI.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/HortaELWI.jpg/308px-HortaELWI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/HortaELWI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stairway and skylight and stairway of the Horta Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maison_Horta,_rue_Am%C3%A9ricaine_-_d%C3%A9tail.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Balcony of the Horta Museum"><img alt="Balcony of the Horta Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Maison_Horta%2C_rue_Am%C3%A9ricaine_-_d%C3%A9tail.JPG/193px-Maison_Horta%2C_rue_Am%C3%A9ricaine_-_d%C3%A9tail.JPG" decoding="async" width="129" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Maison_Horta%2C_rue_Am%C3%A9ricaine_-_d%C3%A9tail.JPG/289px-Maison_Horta%2C_rue_Am%C3%A9ricaine_-_d%C3%A9tail.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Maison_Horta%2C_rue_Am%C3%A9ricaine_-_d%C3%A9tail.JPG/386px-Maison_Horta%2C_rue_Am%C3%A9ricaine_-_d%C3%A9tail.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="6016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Balcony of the Horta Museum</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hôtel_Aubecq_(1899–1902)"><span id="H.C3.B4tel_Aubecq_.281899.E2.80.931902.29"></span>Hôtel Aubecq (1899–1902)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hôtel Aubecq (1899–1902)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hôtel Aubecq in Brussels was one of his late houses, made for the industrialist Octave Aubecq. As with his other houses, it featured a skylight over the central staircase, filling the house with light. Its peculiarity was the octagonal shape of the rooms, and the three facades with windows, designed to give maximum light. The owner originally wished to keep his original family furniture, but because of the odd shape of the rooms, Horta was commissioned to create new furniture. </p><p>By 1948, Art Nouveau was out of style, the house was sold to a new owner, who wished to demolish it. A movement began to preserve the house, but in the end only the facade and the furnishings were saved by the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">City of Brussels</a>. The facade was disassembled and put into storage, and many proposals were made for its reconstruction, but none were carried out. Some of the furnishings are now on display at the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" title="Musée d'Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a> in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 151.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 149.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hall_(upper_part)_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Aubecq_(building_destroyed,_Brussels).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Upper part of the hall in the Hôtel Aubecq, Brussels (1899–1902)"><img alt="Upper part of the hall in the Hôtel Aubecq, Brussels (1899–1902)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Hall_%28upper_part%29_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Aubecq_%28building_destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg/224px-Hall_%28upper_part%29_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Aubecq_%28building_destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Hall_%28upper_part%29_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Aubecq_%28building_destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg/336px-Hall_%28upper_part%29_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Aubecq_%28building_destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Hall_%28upper_part%29_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Aubecq_%28building_destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg/448px-Hall_%28upper_part%29_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Aubecq_%28building_destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2574" data-file-height="3450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Upper part of the hall in the Hôtel Aubecq, Brussels (1899–1902)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victor_horta,_boiserie_e_mobilio_dell%27hotel_aubecq_a_bruxelles,_1902-04,_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Furnishings of the Hôtel Aubecq on display at the Musée d'Orsay, Paris"><img alt="Furnishings of the Hôtel Aubecq on display at the Musée d'Orsay, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Victor_horta%2C_boiserie_e_mobilio_dell%27hotel_aubecq_a_bruxelles%2C_1902-04%2C_01.JPG/232px-Victor_horta%2C_boiserie_e_mobilio_dell%27hotel_aubecq_a_bruxelles%2C_1902-04%2C_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="155" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Victor_horta%2C_boiserie_e_mobilio_dell%27hotel_aubecq_a_bruxelles%2C_1902-04%2C_01.JPG/348px-Victor_horta%2C_boiserie_e_mobilio_dell%27hotel_aubecq_a_bruxelles%2C_1902-04%2C_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Victor_horta%2C_boiserie_e_mobilio_dell%27hotel_aubecq_a_bruxelles%2C_1902-04%2C_01.JPG/464px-Victor_horta%2C_boiserie_e_mobilio_dell%27hotel_aubecq_a_bruxelles%2C_1902-04%2C_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="2980" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Furnishings of the Hôtel Aubecq on display at the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" title="Musée d'Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a>, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sitting_room_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Aubecq_(building_destroyed,_Brussels).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salon of the Hôtel Aubecq"><img alt="Salon of the Hôtel Aubecq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sitting_room_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Aubecq_%28building_destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg/406px-Sitting_room_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Aubecq_%28building_destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="271" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sitting_room_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Aubecq_%28building_destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg/608px-Sitting_room_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Aubecq_%28building_destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sitting_room_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Aubecq_%28building_destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg/811px-Sitting_room_in_the_H%C3%B4tel_Aubecq_%28building_destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3435" data-file-height="2541" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Salon of the Hôtel Aubecq</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maison_du_Peuple_(1896–1899)"><span id="Maison_du_Peuple_.281896.E2.80.931899.29"></span>Maison du Peuple (1896–1899)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Maison du Peuple (1896–1899)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Horta was building luxurious town houses for the wealthy, he also applied his ideas to more functional buildings. From 1896 to 1899, he designed and built the <a href="/wiki/Maison_du_Peuple,_Brussels" title="Maison du Peuple, Brussels">Maison du Peuple/Volkshuis</a> ("House of the People"), the headquarters for the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Labour_Party" title="Belgian Labour Party">Belgian Workers' Party</a> (POB/BWP). This was a large structure including offices, meeting rooms, a café and a conference and concert hall seating over 2,000 people. It was a purely functional building, constructed of steel columns with curtain walls. Unlike his houses, there was virtually no decoration. The only recognizable Art Nouveau feature was a slight curving of the steel pillars supporting the roof. As with his houses, the building was designed to make a maximum use of light, with large skylights over the main meeting room. It was demolished in 1965, despite an international petition of protest by over 700 architects. The materials of the building were saved for possible reconstruction, but were eventually scattered around Brussels. Some parts were used for the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Brussels_Metro" title="Brussels Metro">Brussels Metro</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 143.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 141.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._(Belgian_Workers_Party)_(destroyed,_Brussels),_exterior_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Facade of the Maison du Peuple, Brussels (1896–1899)"><img alt="Facade of the Maison du Peuple, Brussels (1896–1899)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_exterior_2.jpg/212px-Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_exterior_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_exterior_2.jpg/318px-Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_exterior_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_exterior_2.jpg/424px-Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_exterior_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3507" data-file-height="4960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Facade of the Maison du Peuple, Brussels (1896–1899)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 283.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._(Belgian_Workers_Party)_(destroyed,_Brussels),_theatre_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Theatre and Meeting Hall of the Maison du Peuple"><img alt="Theatre and Meeting Hall of the Maison du Peuple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_theatre_hall.jpg/425px-Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_theatre_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="284" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_theatre_hall.jpg/637px-Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_theatre_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_theatre_hall.jpg/849px-Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_theatre_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4960" data-file-height="3507" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Theatre and Meeting Hall of the Maison du Peuple</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 143.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 141.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._(Belgian_Workers_Party)_(destroyed,_Brussels),_dining_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Restaurant of the Maison du Peuple"><img alt="Restaurant of the Maison du Peuple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_dining_hall.jpg/212px-Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_dining_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_dining_hall.jpg/318px-Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_dining_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_dining_hall.jpg/424px-Maison_du_Peuple_of_the_P.O.B._%28Belgian_Workers_Party%29_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29%2C_dining_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3507" data-file-height="4960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Restaurant of the Maison du Peuple</div> </li> </ul> <p>Beginning in about 1900, Horta's buildings gradually became more simplified in form, but always made with great attention to functionality and to <a href="/wiki/Workmanship" title="Workmanship">craftsmanship</a>. Beginning in 1903, he constructed the Grand Bazar Anspach, a large <a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">department store</a>, with his characteristic use of large windows, open floors, and <a href="/wiki/Wrought_iron" title="Wrought iron">wrought iron</a> decoration. In 1907, Horta designed the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_Tournai" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts Tournai">Museum for Fine Arts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tournai" title="Tournai">Tournai</a>, although it did not open until 1928 due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magasins_Waucquez_(1905–06)"><span id="Magasins_Waucquez_.281905.E2.80.9306.29"></span>Magasins Waucquez (1905–06)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Magasins Waucquez (1905–06)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Magasins Waucquez</i> (now the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Comic_Strip_Center" title="Belgian Comic Strip Center">Belgian Comic Strip Center</a>) was originally a department store specializing in textiles. In its design, Horta used all his skill with steel and glass to create dramatic open spaces and to give them an abundance of light from above. The steel and glass skylight is combined with decorative touches, such as neoclassical columns. After Waucquez's death in 1920, the building began to languish away, and in 1970, the firm closed its doors. Jean Delhaye, a former aid of Horta, saved the building from demolition, and by 16 October 1975, because of its connection to Horta, it was declared a protected historical site. Now a museum of a particular Belgian speciality, the <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strip</a>, it also has a room devoted to Horta. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brussel_-_Zandstraat_20_-_Belgisch_Stripcentrum_in_het_voormalig_Waucquez-warenhuis_(1903_door_Victor_Horta)_20230826.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Facade of the former Magasins Waucquez, now the Belgian Comic Strip Center, Brussels (1905)"><img alt="Facade of the former Magasins Waucquez, now the Belgian Comic Strip Center, Brussels (1905)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Brussel_-_Zandstraat_20_-_Belgisch_Stripcentrum_in_het_voormalig_Waucquez-warenhuis_%281903_door_Victor_Horta%29_20230826.jpg/450px-Brussel_-_Zandstraat_20_-_Belgisch_Stripcentrum_in_het_voormalig_Waucquez-warenhuis_%281903_door_Victor_Horta%29_20230826.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Brussel_-_Zandstraat_20_-_Belgisch_Stripcentrum_in_het_voormalig_Waucquez-warenhuis_%281903_door_Victor_Horta%29_20230826.jpg/675px-Brussel_-_Zandstraat_20_-_Belgisch_Stripcentrum_in_het_voormalig_Waucquez-warenhuis_%281903_door_Victor_Horta%29_20230826.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Brussel_-_Zandstraat_20_-_Belgisch_Stripcentrum_in_het_voormalig_Waucquez-warenhuis_%281903_door_Victor_Horta%29_20230826.jpg/900px-Brussel_-_Zandstraat_20_-_Belgisch_Stripcentrum_in_het_voormalig_Waucquez-warenhuis_%281903_door_Victor_Horta%29_20230826.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Facade of the former <i>Magasins Waucquez</i>, now the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Comic_Strip_Center" title="Belgian Comic Strip Center">Belgian Comic Strip Center</a>, Brussels (1905)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hall_d%27entr%C3%A9e_du_centre_belge_de_la_bande_dessin%C3%A9e.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance hall of the former Magasins Waucquez, now the Belgian Comic Strip Center"><img alt="Entrance hall of the former Magasins Waucquez, now the Belgian Comic Strip Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Hall_d%27entr%C3%A9e_du_centre_belge_de_la_bande_dessin%C3%A9e.jpg/400px-Hall_d%27entr%C3%A9e_du_centre_belge_de_la_bande_dessin%C3%A9e.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Hall_d%27entr%C3%A9e_du_centre_belge_de_la_bande_dessin%C3%A9e.jpg/600px-Hall_d%27entr%C3%A9e_du_centre_belge_de_la_bande_dessin%C3%A9e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Hall_d%27entr%C3%A9e_du_centre_belge_de_la_bande_dessin%C3%A9e.jpg/800px-Hall_d%27entr%C3%A9e_du_centre_belge_de_la_bande_dessin%C3%A9e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance hall of the former <i>Magasins Waucquez</i>, now the Belgian Comic Strip Center</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 303.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 301.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Etage_bis_MBBD.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Upper floor of the Belgian Comic Strip Center"><img alt="Upper floor of the Belgian Comic Strip Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Etage_bis_MBBD.jpg/452px-Etage_bis_MBBD.jpg" decoding="async" width="302" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Etage_bis_MBBD.jpg/678px-Etage_bis_MBBD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Etage_bis_MBBD.jpg/903px-Etage_bis_MBBD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Upper floor of the Belgian Comic Strip Center</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brugmann_University_Hospital_(1906)"><span id="Brugmann_University_Hospital_.281906.29"></span>Brugmann University Hospital (1906)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Brugmann University Hospital (1906)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1906, Horta accepted the commission for the new Brugmann University Hospital (now the Victor Horta Site of the Brugmann University Hospital). Developed to take into account the views of the clinicians and hospital managers, Horta's design separated the functions of the hospital into a number of low-rise <a href="/wiki/Pavilions" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavilions">pavilions</a> spread over the 18 hectares (44 acres) park based campus, and work began in 1911. Although used during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the official opening was delayed until 1923. Its unusual design and layout attracted great interest from the European medical community, and his buildings continue in use to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_First_World_War_–_travel_to_the_United_States"><span id="The_First_World_War_.E2.80.93_travel_to_the_United_States"></span>The First World War – travel to the United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The First World War – travel to the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 1915, as <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> was underway and <a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_I" title="Belgium in World War I">Belgium was occupied</a>, Horta moved to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sden1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sden1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and attended the Town Planning Conference on the Reconstruction of Belgium, organised by the International Garden Cities and Town Planning Association.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unable to return to Belgium, at the end of 1915, he traveled to the United States, where he gave a series of lectures at American universities, including <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smith_College" title="Smith College">Smith College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yale" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale">Yale</a>. In 1917, he was named Charles Eliot Norton Memorial Lecturer and Professor of Architecture at <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_Projects_–_debut_of_modernism_(1919–1939)"><span id="Later_Projects_.E2.80.93_debut_of_modernism_.281919.E2.80.931939.29"></span>Later Projects – debut of modernism (1919–1939)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Later Projects – debut of modernism (1919–1939)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On Horta's return to Brussels in January 1919, he sold his home and workshop on the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Rue Américaine</span></span>/<span title="Dutch-language text"><span lang="nl" style="font-style: normal;">Amerikaansestraat</span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-hmbiofr_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hmbiofr-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also became a full member of the Belgian Royal Academy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The post-war austerity meant that Art Nouveau was no longer affordable or fashionable. From this point on, Horta, who had gradually been simplifying his style over the previous decade, no longer used organic forms, and instead based his designs on the geometrical. He continued to use rational floor plans, and to apply the latest developments in building technology and <a href="/wiki/Building_services_engineering" title="Building services engineering">building services engineering</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Fine_Arts,_Brussels" title="Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels">Centre for Fine Arts</a> in Brussels, a multi-purpose cultural centre designed in a more geometric style similar to <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centre_for_Fine_Arts_(1923–1929)"><span id="Centre_for_Fine_Arts_.281923.E2.80.931929.29"></span>Centre for Fine Arts (1923–1929)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Centre for Fine Arts (1923–1929)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Horta developed the plans for the Centre for Fine Arts beginning in 1919, with construction starting in 1923. It was completed in 1929. It was originally intended to be built of stone, but Horta made a new plan of <a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">reinforced concrete</a> with a steel frame. He had intended the concrete to be left exposed in the interior, but the final appearance did not meet his expectations, and he had it covered. The concert hall itself is in an unusual ovoid, or egg shape, and is accompanied by art galleries, meeting rooms, and other functional rooms. The building is placed on a complex hillside site, and occupies eight levels, much of it underground. It also had to be designed to avoid blocking the view from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Brussels" title="Royal Palace of Brussels">Royal Palace</a>, on the hill just above it.<sup id="cite_ref-neils_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neils-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1927, Horta became the Director of the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Royale_des_Beaux-Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts">Royal Academy of Fine Arts</a> in Brussels, a post he held for four years until 1931. In recognition of his work, Horta was awarded the title of <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron</a> by <a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Belgium" title="Albert I of Belgium">King Albert I</a> in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-hmbiofr_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hmbiofr-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BOZAR_(DSCF7462).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels (1923–1929)"><img alt="Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels (1923–1929)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/BOZAR_%28DSCF7462%29.jpg/357px-BOZAR_%28DSCF7462%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/BOZAR_%28DSCF7462%29.jpg/535px-BOZAR_%28DSCF7462%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/BOZAR_%28DSCF7462%29.jpg/713px-BOZAR_%28DSCF7462%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3907" data-file-height="3286" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Fine_Arts,_Brussels" title="Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels">Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels</a> (1923–1929)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brussel_Bozar_Grote_zaal_Henry_Le_Boeuf_29-01-2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Henry Le Bœuf Hall at the Centre for Fine Arts"><img alt="Henry Le Bœuf Hall at the Centre for Fine Arts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Brussel_Bozar_Grote_zaal_Henry_Le_Boeuf_29-01-2019.jpg/450px-Brussel_Bozar_Grote_zaal_Henry_Le_Boeuf_29-01-2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Brussel_Bozar_Grote_zaal_Henry_Le_Boeuf_29-01-2019.jpg/675px-Brussel_Bozar_Grote_zaal_Henry_Le_Boeuf_29-01-2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Brussel_Bozar_Grote_zaal_Henry_Le_Boeuf_29-01-2019.jpg/899px-Brussel_Bozar_Grote_zaal_Henry_Le_Boeuf_29-01-2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4496" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Le_B%C5%93uf" title="Henry Le Bœuf">Henry Le Bœuf</a> Hall at the Centre for Fine Arts</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brussels_Bozar_exhibition_room.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exhibition hall of the Centre for Fine Arts"><img alt="Exhibition hall of the Centre for Fine Arts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Brussels_Bozar_exhibition_room.jpg/225px-Brussels_Bozar_exhibition_room.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Brussels_Bozar_exhibition_room.jpg/337px-Brussels_Bozar_exhibition_room.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Brussels_Bozar_exhibition_room.jpg/450px-Brussels_Bozar_exhibition_room.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2390" data-file-height="3187" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exhibition hall of the Centre for Fine Arts</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 358px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 356px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_year%27s_event_2018_in_BOZAR_(14).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Window of the Centre for Fine Arts"><img alt="Window of the Centre for Fine Arts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/New_year%27s_event_2018_in_BOZAR_%2814%29.jpg/534px-New_year%27s_event_2018_in_BOZAR_%2814%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="356" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/New_year%27s_event_2018_in_BOZAR_%2814%29.jpg/800px-New_year%27s_event_2018_in_BOZAR_%2814%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/New_year%27s_event_2018_in_BOZAR_%2814%29.jpg/1067px-New_year%27s_event_2018_in_BOZAR_%2814%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Window of the Centre for Fine Arts</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brussels-Central_railway_station_(1913–1952)"><span id="Brussels-Central_railway_station_.281913.E2.80.931952.29"></span>Brussels-Central railway station (1913–1952)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Brussels-Central railway station (1913–1952)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Brussels-Central_railway_station" title="Brussels-Central railway station">Brussels-Central railway station</a></div> <p>In 1910, Horta began working on drawings on his most ambitious and longest running project: <a href="/wiki/Brussels-Central_railway_station" title="Brussels-Central railway station">Brussels-Central railway station</a>. He was formally commissioned as the architect in 1913, but work did not actually begin until after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was originally planned that the station would just part of a much larger redevelopment project, which Horta had conceived in the 1920s, but this was never realized.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The start of construction was seriously delayed due to the lengthy process of purchasing and demolishing over one thousand buildings along the route of the new railway between Brussels' main stations, and then because of World War I. Construction finally began in 1937 as part of the plans to boost the economy during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, before being delayed again by the outbreak of World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horta was still working on the station when he died in 1947. The station was finally completed, to his plans, by his colleagues led by <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Brunfaut" title="Maxime Brunfaut">Maxime Brunfaut</a>. It opened on 4 October 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Draft_of_Central_Station,_Brussels_by_Victor_Horta.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Draft of Brussels-Central railway station by Victor Horta (1913–1952)"><img alt="Draft of Brussels-Central railway station by Victor Horta (1913–1952)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Draft_of_Central_Station%2C_Brussels_by_Victor_Horta.jpg/338px-Draft_of_Central_Station%2C_Brussels_by_Victor_Horta.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Draft_of_Central_Station%2C_Brussels_by_Victor_Horta.jpg/508px-Draft_of_Central_Station%2C_Brussels_by_Victor_Horta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Draft_of_Central_Station%2C_Brussels_by_Victor_Horta.jpg/677px-Draft_of_Central_Station%2C_Brussels_by_Victor_Horta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1227" data-file-height="1088" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Draft of <a href="/wiki/Brussels-Central_railway_station" title="Brussels-Central railway station">Brussels-Central railway station</a> by Victor Horta (1913–1952)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brussels_centraal_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Main hall of Brussels-Central railway station"><img alt="Main hall of Brussels-Central railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Brussels_centraal_interior.jpg/450px-Brussels_centraal_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Brussels_centraal_interior.jpg/675px-Brussels_centraal_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Brussels_centraal_interior.jpg/900px-Brussels_centraal_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Main hall of Brussels-Central railway station</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brussels_Central_Station_ceiling.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceiling of Brussels-Central railway station"><img alt="Ceiling of Brussels-Central railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Brussels_Central_Station_ceiling.jpg/225px-Brussels_Central_Station_ceiling.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Brussels_Central_Station_ceiling.jpg/337px-Brussels_Central_Station_ceiling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Brussels_Central_Station_ceiling.jpg/450px-Brussels_Central_Station_ceiling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2390" data-file-height="3187" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ceiling of Brussels-Central railway station</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 305.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 303.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brussel,_Centraal_station-PM_51013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stairway with exposed steel beams, Brussels-Central railway station"><img alt="Stairway with exposed steel beams, Brussels-Central railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Brussel%2C_Centraal_station-PM_51013.jpg/455px-Brussel%2C_Centraal_station-PM_51013.jpg" decoding="async" width="304" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Brussel%2C_Centraal_station-PM_51013.jpg/682px-Brussel%2C_Centraal_station-PM_51013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Brussel%2C_Centraal_station-PM_51013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stairway with exposed steel beams, Brussels-Central railway station</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Furniture">Furniture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Furniture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Horta typically designed not only the building but also the furniture to match his particular style. His furniture became as well known as his houses; a displays of his furniture were shown at the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1900)" title="Exposition Universelle (1900)">1900 Universal Exposition</a> in Paris, and the <a href="/wiki/Prima_Esposizione_Internazionale_d%27Arte_Decorativa_Moderna" title="Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna">1902 Turin Exposition of Modern Decorative Arts</a>. It was typically hand-made, and the furniture for each house was different. In many cases the furniture lasted longer than the house. Its drawback was that, since it matched the house, it could not be changed to any other style, without disrupting the harmony of the room. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Furnishing_for_decorative_arts_fair_%27la_Prima_Esposizione_Internazionale_d%27Arte_Decorativa_Moderna%27_by_Victor_Horta.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dining room by Victor Horta displayed at the 1902 Turin International Exposition"><img alt="Dining room by Victor Horta displayed at the 1902 Turin International Exposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Furnishing_for_decorative_arts_fair_%27la_Prima_Esposizione_Internazionale_d%27Arte_Decorativa_Moderna%27_by_Victor_Horta.jpg/363px-Furnishing_for_decorative_arts_fair_%27la_Prima_Esposizione_Internazionale_d%27Arte_Decorativa_Moderna%27_by_Victor_Horta.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Furnishing_for_decorative_arts_fair_%27la_Prima_Esposizione_Internazionale_d%27Arte_Decorativa_Moderna%27_by_Victor_Horta.jpg/545px-Furnishing_for_decorative_arts_fair_%27la_Prima_Esposizione_Internazionale_d%27Arte_Decorativa_Moderna%27_by_Victor_Horta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Furnishing_for_decorative_arts_fair_%27la_Prima_Esposizione_Internazionale_d%27Arte_Decorativa_Moderna%27_by_Victor_Horta.jpg/725px-Furnishing_for_decorative_arts_fair_%27la_Prima_Esposizione_Internazionale_d%27Arte_Decorativa_Moderna%27_by_Victor_Horta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2537" data-file-height="1784" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dining room by Victor Horta displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Prima_Esposizione_Internazionale_d%27Arte_Decorativa_Moderna" title="Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna">1902 Turin International Exposition</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Table_by_Victor_Horta,_probably_designed_for_the_International_exhibition_of_Turin_1902.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Table designed by Horta for the 1902 Turin Exposition"><img alt="Table designed by Horta for the 1902 Turin Exposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Table_by_Victor_Horta%2C_probably_designed_for_the_International_exhibition_of_Turin_1902.jpg/340px-Table_by_Victor_Horta%2C_probably_designed_for_the_International_exhibition_of_Turin_1902.jpg" decoding="async" width="227" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Table_by_Victor_Horta%2C_probably_designed_for_the_International_exhibition_of_Turin_1902.jpg/511px-Table_by_Victor_Horta%2C_probably_designed_for_the_International_exhibition_of_Turin_1902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Table_by_Victor_Horta%2C_probably_designed_for_the_International_exhibition_of_Turin_1902.jpg/680px-Table_by_Victor_Horta%2C_probably_designed_for_the_International_exhibition_of_Turin_1902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Table designed by Horta for the 1902 Turin Exposition</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victor_horta,_boiserie_e_mobilio_dell%27hotel_aubecq_a_bruxelles,_1902-04,_06.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Dining room furniture and wall panel from the Hôtel Aubecq (1902–1904)"><img alt="Dining room furniture and wall panel from the Hôtel Aubecq (1902–1904)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Victor_horta%2C_boiserie_e_mobilio_dell%27hotel_aubecq_a_bruxelles%2C_1902-04%2C_06.JPG/316px-Victor_horta%2C_boiserie_e_mobilio_dell%27hotel_aubecq_a_bruxelles%2C_1902-04%2C_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="211" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Victor_horta%2C_boiserie_e_mobilio_dell%27hotel_aubecq_a_bruxelles%2C_1902-04%2C_06.JPG/475px-Victor_horta%2C_boiserie_e_mobilio_dell%27hotel_aubecq_a_bruxelles%2C_1902-04%2C_06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Victor_horta%2C_boiserie_e_mobilio_dell%27hotel_aubecq_a_bruxelles%2C_1902-04%2C_06.JPG/632px-Victor_horta%2C_boiserie_e_mobilio_dell%27hotel_aubecq_a_bruxelles%2C_1902-04%2C_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2856" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dining room furniture and wall panel from the Hôtel Aubecq (1902–1904)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 118.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 116.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chair_from_either_Tassel_house_or_the_castle_of_La_Hulpe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Peacock Chair from either the Hôtel Tassel or the Castle of La Hulpe"><img alt="Peacock Chair from either the Hôtel Tassel or the Castle of La Hulpe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chair_from_either_Tassel_house_or_the_castle_of_La_Hulpe.jpg/175px-Chair_from_either_Tassel_house_or_the_castle_of_La_Hulpe.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chair_from_either_Tassel_house_or_the_castle_of_La_Hulpe.jpg/263px-Chair_from_either_Tassel_house_or_the_castle_of_La_Hulpe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chair_from_either_Tassel_house_or_the_castle_of_La_Hulpe.jpg/351px-Chair_from_either_Tassel_house_or_the_castle_of_La_Hulpe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1047" data-file-height="1522" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Peacock Chair from either the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Tassel" title="Hôtel Tassel">Hôtel Tassel</a> or the Castle of <a href="/wiki/La_Hulpe" title="La Hulpe">La Hulpe</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victor_Horta_-_Chair_-_1984.160_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Mahogany chair (1900) (Cleveland Museum of Art)"><img alt="Mahogany chair (1900) (Cleveland Museum of Art)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Victor_Horta_-_Chair_-_1984.160_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif/lossy-page1-181px-Victor_Horta_-_Chair_-_1984.160_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Victor_Horta_-_Chair_-_1984.160_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif/lossy-page1-272px-Victor_Horta_-_Chair_-_1984.160_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Victor_Horta_-_Chair_-_1984.160_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif/lossy-page1-362px-Victor_Horta_-_Chair_-_1984.160_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4105" data-file-height="5783" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mahogany" title="Mahogany">Mahogany</a> chair (1900) (<a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 131.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 129.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victor_horta,_poltroncina_aubecq,_1899-1902.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chair from the Hotel Aubecq (1902–04), now in the Musée d'Orsay, Paris"><img alt="Chair from the Hotel Aubecq (1902–04), now in the Musée d'Orsay, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Victor_horta%2C_poltroncina_aubecq%2C_1899-1902.jpg/194px-Victor_horta%2C_poltroncina_aubecq%2C_1899-1902.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Victor_horta%2C_poltroncina_aubecq%2C_1899-1902.jpg/291px-Victor_horta%2C_poltroncina_aubecq%2C_1899-1902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Victor_horta%2C_poltroncina_aubecq%2C_1899-1902.jpg/388px-Victor_horta%2C_poltroncina_aubecq%2C_1899-1902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="2356" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chair from the Hotel Aubecq (1902–04), now in the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" title="Musée d'Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a>, Paris </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_work_and_personal_life">Later work and personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Later work and personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Horta and his first wife divorced in 1906. He married his second wife, Julia Carlsson, in 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-hmbiofr_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hmbiofr-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1925, he was an architect of honor for the Belgian Pavilion at the <a href="/wiki/International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts" title="International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts">International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts</a> in Paris, the exposition which gave its name to <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hortamuseum.be_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hortamuseum.be-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, he became director of the Fine Arts section of the Belgian Royal Academy of Fine Arts. </p><p>In 1937, he completed the design of his final work, <a href="/wiki/Brussels-Central_railway_station" title="Brussels-Central railway station">Brussels-Central railway station</a>. In 1939, he began editing his memoirs.<sup id="cite_ref-hortamuseum.be_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hortamuseum.be-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on 8 September 1947 and was interred in <a href="/wiki/Ixelles_Cemetery" title="Ixelles Cemetery">Ixelles Cemetery</a> in Brussels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heritage">Heritage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Heritage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Art Nouveau fell out of fashion in the 20th century and many of Horta's buildings were abandoned, or even destroyed, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Maison_du_Peuple,_Brussels" title="Maison du Peuple, Brussels">Maison du Peuple/Volkshuis</a>, demolished in 1965, as mentioned above. However, several of Horta's buildings are still standing in Brussels up to this day and some are available to tour. Most notable are the <i>Magasins Waucquez</i>, formerly a department store, now the <a href="/wiki/Brussels_Comic_Book_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels Comic Book Museum">Belgian Comic Strip Center</a> and four of his private houses (<i>hôtels</i>), which were designated as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 2000 under the title "<a href="/wiki/Major_Town_Houses_of_the_Architect_Victor_Horta_(Brussels)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Town Houses of the Architect Victor Horta (Brussels)">Major Town Houses of the Architect Victor Horta (Brussels)</a>":<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Tassel" title="Hôtel Tassel">Hôtel Tassel</a>, designed and built for Prof. Émile Tassel in 1892–93</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Solvay" title="Hôtel Solvay">Hôtel Solvay</a>, designed and built in 1895–1900</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_van_Eetvelde" title="Hôtel van Eetvelde">Hôtel van Eetvelde</a>, designed and built in 1895–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horta_Museum" title="Horta Museum">Horta House and Studio</a>, designed and built in 1898–1901, now the Horta Museum, dedicated to his work</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>1919</b> <ul><li>Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_(Belgium)" title="Order of the Crown (Belgium)">Order of the Crown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Science,_Letters_and_Fine_Arts_of_Belgium" title="Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium">Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium</a><sup id="cite_ref-academieroyale.be_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academieroyale.be-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><b>1920</b>: Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium)" title="Order of Leopold (Belgium)">Order of Leopold</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1925</b>: Director of the Classe des Beaux-Arts of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Science,_Letters_and_Fine_Arts_of_Belgium" title="Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium">Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium</a><sup id="cite_ref-academieroyale.be_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academieroyale.be-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1932</b>: Created Baron Horta by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Decree" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Decree">Royal Decree</a> and given a <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a></li></ul> <p>Horta was commemorated on the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_franc" title="Belgian franc">Belgian 2000 franc</a> banknote issued from 1994 until the introduction of the euro. </p><p>On 6 January 2015, <a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Google Doodle</a> commemorated his 154th birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_works">List of works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: List of works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ul><li>1885: <b>Three houses</b>, Twaalfkameren 49, 51, and 53, in <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a> (design)</li> <li>1889: <b><a href="/wiki/Pavilion_of_Human_Passions" title="Pavilion of Human Passions">Pavilion of Human Passions</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cinquantenaire" title="Cinquantenaire">Parc du Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">City of Brussels</a> (protected monument since 1976)</li> <li>1890: <b>Matyn House</b>, Rue de Bordeaux/Bordeauxstraat 50, in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Gilles,_Belgium" title="Saint-Gilles, Belgium">Saint-Gilles</a></li> <li>1890: <b>Renovations and interior decoration of the residence of the patron of the arts <a href="/wiki/Henri_Van_Cutsem" title="Henri Van Cutsem">Henri Van Cutsem</a></b>, Avenue des Arts/Kunstlaan 16, in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Josse-ten-Noode" title="Saint-Josse-ten-Noode">Saint-Josse-ten-Noode</a> (today the <a href="/wiki/Charlier_Museum" title="Charlier Museum">Charlier Museum</a>)</li> <li>1892–1893: <b><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Tassel" title="Hôtel Tassel">Hôtel Tassel</a></b>, Rue Paul-Emile Janson/Paul-Emile Jansonstraat 6, in the City of Brussels</li> <li>1893: <b><a href="/wiki/Autrique_House" title="Autrique House">Autrique House</a></b>, Chaussée de Haecht/Haachtsesteenweg 266, in <a href="/wiki/Schaerbeek" title="Schaerbeek">Schaerbeek</a></li> <li>1894: <b>Hôtel Winssinger</b>, Rue de l'Hôtel de la Monnaie/Munthofstraat 66, in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Gilles,_Belgium" title="Saint-Gilles, Belgium">Saint-Gilles</a></li> <li>1894: <b>Hôtel Frison</b>, Rue Lebeau/Lebeaustraat 37, in the City of Brussels</li> <li>1894: <b>Studio for the sculptor <a href="/wiki/Godefroid_Devreese" title="Godefroid Devreese">Godefroid Devreese</a></b>, Rue des Ailes/Vleugelstraat 71, in Schaerbeek (modified)</li> <li>1894: <b><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Solvay" title="Hôtel Solvay">Hôtel Solvay</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Avenue_Louise" title="Avenue Louise">Avenue Louise/Louizalaan</a> 224, in the City of Brussels</li> <li>1895: <b>Interior decoration of the house of the painter <a href="/wiki/Anna_Boch" title="Anna Boch">Anna Boch</a></b>, Boulevard de la Toison d'Or/Guldenvlieslaan 78, in Saint-Gilles (demolished)</li> <li>1895–1898: <b><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_van_Eetvelde" title="Hôtel van Eetvelde">Hôtel van Eetvelde</a></b>, Avenue Palmerston/Palmerstonlaan 2/6, in the City of Brussels</li> <li>1896–1898: <b><a href="/wiki/Maison_du_Peuple,_Brussels" title="Maison du Peuple, Brussels">Maison du Peuple/Volkshuis</a></b>, Place Emile Vandervelde/Emile Vanderveldeplein, in the City of Brussels (demolished in 1965)</li> <li>1897–1899: <b>Kindergarten</b>, Rue Sainte-Ghislaine/Sint-Gisleinstraat 40, in the City of Brussels</li> <li>1898–1900: <b><a href="/wiki/Horta_Museum" title="Horta Museum">Horta House and Studio</a></b>, Rue Américaine/Amerikaansestraat 23–25, in Saint-Gilles (today the <a href="/wiki/Horta_Museum" title="Horta Museum">Horta Museum</a>)</li> <li>1899: <b>Frison House (<i>Les Épinglettes</i>)</b>, Avenue Circulaire/Ringlaan 70, in <a href="/wiki/Uccle" title="Uccle">Uccle</a></li> <li>1899: <b>Hôtel Aubecq</b>, Avenue Louise/Louizalaan 520, in the City of Brussels (demolished in 1950)</li> <li>1899–1903: <b>Villa Carpentier (<i>Les Platanes</i>)</b>, Doorniksesteenweg 9–11, in <a href="/wiki/Ronse" title="Ronse">Ronse</a></li> <li>1900: <b>Extension of the Maison Furnémont</b>, Rue Gatti de Gamond/Gatti de Gamondstraat 149, in Uccle</li> <li>1900: <b><i><a href="/wiki/Galeria_Inno" title="Galeria Inno">À L'Innovation</a></i> department store</b>, <a href="/wiki/Rue_Neuve,_Brussels" title="Rue Neuve, Brussels">Rue Neuve/Nieuwstraat</a> 111, in the City of Brussels (<a href="/wiki/L%27Innovation_department_store_fire" title="L'Innovation department store fire">destroyed by fire in 1967</a>)</li> <li>1901: <b>House and Studio for the sculptor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernant_Dubois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernant Dubois (page does not exist)">Fernant Dubois</a></b>, Avenue Brugmann/Brugmannlaan 80, in <a href="/wiki/Forest,_Belgium" title="Forest, Belgium">Forest</a></li> <li>1901: <b>House and Studio for the sculptor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter-Jan_Braecke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pieter-Jan Braecke (page does not exist)">Pieter-Jan Braecke</a></b>, Rue de l'Abdication/Troonafstandstraat 51, in the City of Brussels</li> <li>1902: <b>Hôtel Max Hallet</b>, Avenue Louise/Louizalaan 346, in the City of Brussels</li> <li>1903: <b>Funeral monument for the composer <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a></b> in the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Central_Cemetery" title="Vienna Central Cemetery">Vienna Central Cemetery</a> (in collaboration with the Austrian sculptor <a href="/wiki/Ilse_Twardowski-Conrat" title="Ilse Twardowski-Conrat">Ilse Twardowski-Conrat</a>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>1903: <b><i>Magasins Waucquez</i> department store</b>, Rue du Sable/Zandstraat 20, in the City of Brussels (today the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Centre_for_Comic_Strip_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Centre for Comic Strip Art">Belgian Centre for Comic Strip Art</a></li> <li>1903: <b>House for the art critic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sander_Pierron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sander Pierron (page does not exist)">Sander Pierron</a></b>, Rue de l'Aqueduc/Waterleidingsstraat 157, in Ixelles</li> <li>1903: <b><i>Grand Bazar Anspach</i> department store</b>, Rue de l'Evêque/Bisschopsstraat 66, in the City of Brussels (demolished)</li> <li>1903: <b>Emile Vinck House</b>, Rue de Washington/Washingtonstraat 85, in Ixelles (converted in 1927 by the architect A. Blomme)</li> <li>1903: <b><i>À L'Innovation</i> department store</b>, Chausée d'Ixelles/Elsenesteenweg 39–51, in Ixelles (converted)</li> <li>1904: <b>Gym for the boarding school <i>Les Peupliers</i></b>, in <a href="/wiki/Vilvoorde" title="Vilvoorde">Vilvoorde</a></li> <li>1905: <b>Villa Fernand Dubois</b>, Rue Maredret, in <a href="/wiki/Sosoye" title="Sosoye">Sosoye</a></li> <li>1906: <b>Brugmann Hospital</b>, Place Arthur Van Gehuchten/Arthur Van Gehuchtenplein, in <a href="/wiki/Jette" title="Jette">Jette</a> (first design; opened in 1923)</li> <li>1907: <b>Magasins Hicklet</b>, Rue Neuve/Nieuwstraat 20, in the City of Brussels (converted)</li> <li>1909: <b>Wolfers Jewellers Shop</b>, Rue d'Arenberg/Arenbergstraat 11–13, in the City of Brussels</li> <li>1910: <b>House for the Dr. Terwagne</b>, Van Rijkswijcklaan 62, in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li>1911: <b><i>Magasins Absalon</i> department store</b>, Rue Saint-Christophe/Sint-Kristoffelstraat 41, in the City of Brussels</li> <li>1911: <b>Wiener House</b>, Avenue de l'Astronomie/Sterrekundelaan, in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode (demolished)</li> <li>1912: <b><a href="/wiki/Brussels-Central_railway_station" title="Brussels-Central railway station">Brussels-Central railway station</a></b> (first designs; completed by <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Brunfaut" title="Maxime Brunfaut">Maxime Brunfaut</a> and inaugurated in 1952)</li> <li>1920: <b><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Fine_Arts,_Brussels" title="Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels">Centre for Fine Arts</a></b>, Rue Ravenstein/Ravensteinstraat, in the City of Brussels (first design; opened in 1928)</li> <li>1925: <b>Belgian pavilion</b> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Exposition_Internationale_des_Arts_D%C3%A9coratifs_et_Industriels_Modernes" class="mw-redirect" title="Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes">Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in 1925</li> <li>1928: <b><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts,_Tournai" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts, Tournai">Museum of Fine Arts</a></b>, in <a href="/wiki/Tournai" title="Tournai">Tournai</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 107.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 105.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Autrique_House_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Autrique House, Brussels (1893)"><img alt="Autrique House, Brussels (1893)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Autrique_House_%281%29.jpg/158px-Autrique_House_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Autrique_House_%281%29.jpg/238px-Autrique_House_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Autrique_House_%281%29.jpg/317px-Autrique_House_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2613" data-file-height="4448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Autrique_House" title="Autrique House">Autrique House</a>, Brussels (1893)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Department_store_%C2%AB_A_L%E2%80%99Innovation_%C2%BB_(destroyed,_Brussels).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="À L'Innovation department store, Brussels (1901) (burned down and then demolished)"><img alt="À L'Innovation department store, Brussels (1901) (burned down and then demolished)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Department_store_%C2%AB_A_L%E2%80%99Innovation_%C2%BB_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg/186px-Department_store_%C2%AB_A_L%E2%80%99Innovation_%C2%BB_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Department_store_%C2%AB_A_L%E2%80%99Innovation_%C2%BB_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg/279px-Department_store_%C2%AB_A_L%E2%80%99Innovation_%C2%BB_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Department_store_%C2%AB_A_L%E2%80%99Innovation_%C2%BB_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg/372px-Department_store_%C2%AB_A_L%E2%80%99Innovation_%C2%BB_%28destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2527" data-file-height="3668" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Galeria_Inno" title="Galeria Inno">À L'Innovation</a></i> department store, Brussels (1901) (burned down and then demolished)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zentralfriedhof_Vienna_-_Brahms.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Brahms' grave in the Vienna Central Cemetery (1903)"><img alt="Brahms' grave in the Vienna Central Cemetery (1903)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Zentralfriedhof_Vienna_-_Brahms.JPG/202px-Zentralfriedhof_Vienna_-_Brahms.JPG" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Zentralfriedhof_Vienna_-_Brahms.JPG/304px-Zentralfriedhof_Vienna_-_Brahms.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Zentralfriedhof_Vienna_-_Brahms.JPG/405px-Zentralfriedhof_Vienna_-_Brahms.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Brahms" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahms">Brahms</a>' grave in the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Central_Cemetery" title="Vienna Central Cemetery">Vienna Central Cemetery</a> (1903)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 96.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 94.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Bazar_Anspach_(Destroyed,_Brussels).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grand Bazar Anspach department store, Brussels (1903) (demolished)"><img alt="Grand Bazar Anspach department store, Brussels (1903) (demolished)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Grand_Bazar_Anspach_%28Destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg/142px-Grand_Bazar_Anspach_%28Destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Grand_Bazar_Anspach_%28Destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg/213px-Grand_Bazar_Anspach_%28Destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Grand_Bazar_Anspach_%28Destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg/284px-Grand_Bazar_Anspach_%28Destroyed%2C_Brussels%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1062" data-file-height="2017" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Grand Bazar Anspach</i> department store, Brussels (1903) (demolished)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 284px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 282px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Am_Main-Zeil-Grand_Bazar-Palais_Rothschild-Schmoller-um_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Le Grand Bazar department store, Frankfurt (1903–1905) (demolished)"><img alt="Le Grand Bazar department store, Frankfurt (1903–1905) (demolished)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Zeil-Grand_Bazar-Palais_Rothschild-Schmoller-um_1910.jpg/423px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Zeil-Grand_Bazar-Palais_Rothschild-Schmoller-um_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="282" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Zeil-Grand_Bazar-Palais_Rothschild-Schmoller-um_1910.jpg/634px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Zeil-Grand_Bazar-Palais_Rothschild-Schmoller-um_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Zeil-Grand_Bazar-Palais_Rothschild-Schmoller-um_1910.jpg/846px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Zeil-Grand_Bazar-Palais_Rothschild-Schmoller-um_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="543" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Le Grand Bazar</i> department store, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> (1903–1905) (demolished)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tournai,_mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_l%27Enclos_Saint-Martin_57081-CLT-0093-01_plakken_foto5_2013-05-09_09.37.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Tournai (1928)"><img alt="Museum of Fine Arts, Tournai (1928)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Tournai%2C_mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_l%27Enclos_Saint-Martin_57081-CLT-0093-01_plakken_foto5_2013-05-09_09.37.jpg/360px-Tournai%2C_mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_l%27Enclos_Saint-Martin_57081-CLT-0093-01_plakken_foto5_2013-05-09_09.37.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Tournai%2C_mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_l%27Enclos_Saint-Martin_57081-CLT-0093-01_plakken_foto5_2013-05-09_09.37.jpg/540px-Tournai%2C_mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_l%27Enclos_Saint-Martin_57081-CLT-0093-01_plakken_foto5_2013-05-09_09.37.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Tournai%2C_mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_l%27Enclos_Saint-Martin_57081-CLT-0093-01_plakken_foto5_2013-05-09_09.37.jpg/720px-Tournai%2C_mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_l%27Enclos_Saint-Martin_57081-CLT-0093-01_plakken_foto5_2013-05-09_09.37.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4408" data-file-height="3306" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts,_Tournai" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts, Tournai">Museum of Fine Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tournai" title="Tournai">Tournai</a> (1928)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/32px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/48px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/64px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Belgium" title="Portal:Belgium">Belgium portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_in_Brussels" title="Art Nouveau in Brussels">Art Nouveau in Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brussels" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Brussels">History of Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_the_long_nineteenth_century" title="Belgium in the long nineteenth century">Belgium in the long nineteenth century</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOudin1994237-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOudin1994237_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOudin1994237_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOudin1994237_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOudin1994">Oudin 1994</a>, p. 237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBekaert1985-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBekaert1985_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBekaert1985">Bekaert 1985</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFahr-Becker2015398-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFahr-Becker2015398_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFahr-Becker2015">Fahr-Becker 2015</a>, p. 398.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBridge2011" class="citation news cs1">Bridge, Adrian (3 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/belgium/brussels/8803574/Brussels-revisiting-the-magic-of-Victor-Horta.html">"Brussels: revisiting the magic of Victor Horta"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Brussels%3A+revisiting+the+magic+of+Victor+Horta&rft.date=2011-10-03&rft.aulast=Bridge&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Feurope%2Fbelgium%2Fbrussels%2F8803574%2FBrussels-revisiting-the-magic-of-Victor-Horta.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Horta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1005">"Major Town Houses of the Architect Victor Horta (Brussels)"</a>. <i>whc.unesco.org</i>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whc.unesco.org&rft.atitle=Major+Town+Houses+of+the+Architect+Victor+Horta+%28Brussels%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Horta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAubryVandenbreeden1997_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAubryVandenbreeden1997">Aubry & Vandenbreeden 1997</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hmbiofr-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hmbiofr_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hmbiofr_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hmbiofr_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hmbiofr_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortamuseum.be/main.php?lang=fr&part=horta&page=biographie">Victor Horta – Biographie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horta_Museum" title="Horta Museum">Horta Museum</a>, in French or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortamuseum.be/main.php?lang=nl&part=horta&page=biographie">Victor Horta – Biographie</a> in Dutch</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFahr-Becker2015137-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFahr-Becker2015137_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFahr-Becker2015">Fahr-Becker 2015</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20071222215801/http://www.europanostra.org/lang_en/awards_2005/be_maison_autrique.htm">"La Maison Autrique, Bruxelles (Belgium)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Nostra" title="Europa Nostra">Europa Nostra</a></i>. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europanostra.org/lang_en/awards_2005/be_maison_autrique.htm">the original</a> on 22 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europa+Nostra&rft.atitle=La+Maison+Autrique%2C+Bruxelles+%28Belgium%29&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europanostra.org%2Flang_en%2Fawards_2005%2Fbe_maison_autrique.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Horta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBekaert198538-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBekaert198538_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBekaert1985">Bekaert 1985</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVandenbreeden2013" class="citation book cs1">Vandenbreeden, Jos (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artnouveau.eu/admin_ponencies/functions/upload/uploads/Jos_Vandenbreeden_Paper.pdf"><i>L'enseignement de Viollet-le-Duc: forme - fonction - matière - nature. Quelques réflexions sur l'oeuvre de Victor Horta et Antoni Gaudi</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congrés Coup de Fouet, Barcelone.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27enseignement+de+Viollet-le-Duc%3A+forme+-+fonction+-+mati%C3%A8re+-+nature.+Quelques+r%C3%A9flexions+sur+l%27oeuvre+de+Victor+Horta+et+Antoni+Gaudi&rft.pub=Congr%C3%A9s+Coup+de+Fouet%2C+Barcelone&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Vandenbreeden&rft.aufirst=Jos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artnouveau.eu%2Fadmin_ponencies%2Ffunctions%2Fupload%2Fuploads%2FJos_Vandenbreeden_Paper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Horta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiedion1941-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiedion1941_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiedion1941">Giedion 1941</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESembach201347-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESembach201347_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSembach2013">Sembach 2013</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1005">UNESCO Word Heritage List entry </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESembach201360-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESembach201360_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSembach2013">Sembach 2013</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESembach201362-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESembach201362_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSembach2013">Sembach 2013</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFahr-Becker2015143-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFahr-Becker2015143_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFahr-Becker2015">Fahr-Becker 2015</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESembach201348-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESembach201348_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSembach2013">Sembach 2013</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lalibre.be/culture/arts/pas-de-faux-hotel-aubecq-51b8d59ee4b0de6db9c1f92e">Pas de "faux" hôtel Aubecq</a>, Guy Duplat, <i>La Libre Belgique</i> (in French), 1 July 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cupola.com/html/bldgstru/artnouv/slide/peupl01e.htm">Art Nouveau Architecture Picture Tour: Maison du Peuple</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uvc-brugmann.be/fr/history.asp">CHU Brugmann, Notre histoire</a> (in French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sden1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sden1_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090507191457/http://www.sden.org/jdr/rep-univ/rub/lien/horta/artnouv.htm">"Art Nouveau et plus particulièrement Victor Horta"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sden.org/jdr/rep-univ/rub/lien/horta/artnouv.htm">the original</a> on 7 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Art+Nouveau+et+plus+particuli%C3%A8rement+Victor+Horta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sden.org%2Fjdr%2Frep-univ%2Frub%2Flien%2Fhorta%2Fartnouv.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Horta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The garden city education of Belgian planners around the First World War, Pieter Uyttenhove, Planning Perspectives, Volume 5, Issue 3 September 1990, pp. 271–283</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-neils-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-neils_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/.../2/Echo_LeLarge001.pdf">Wonderful Concert Halls in Europe</a> Echo, Neils Le Large</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecoles.cfwb.be/argattidegamond/Bo%C3%AEte%20%C3%A0%20outils/Bruxelles/jonction.htm">La jonction Nord-Midi</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belrail.be/F/infrastructure/gares/index.php?gare=FBCL">belrail.be, Bruxelles-Central</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://passion-trains.over-blog.com/article-1282138.html">La rénovation de la gare de Bruxelles-Central – Passion-Trains</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hortamuseum.be-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hortamuseum.be_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hortamuseum.be_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortamuseum.be/main.php?lang=fr&part=horta&page=biographie">"Biography of Horta on site of Horta Museum"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Horta+on+site+of+Horta+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hortamuseum.be%2Fmain.php%3Flang%3Dfr%26part%3Dhorta%26page%3Dbiographie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Horta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Royal Decree of H.M. King Albert I on 14.11.1919</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-academieroyale.be-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-academieroyale.be_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-academieroyale.be_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academieroyale.be/fr/details-690/relations/victor-pierre-horta/secorig593/">"Détail"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9tail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academieroyale.be%2Ffr%2Fdetails-690%2Frelations%2Fvictor-pierre-horta%2Fsecorig593%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Horta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Royal Decree of H.M. King Albert I on 22.02.1920</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doodles.google/doodle/victor-hortas-154th-birthday/">"Victor Horta's 154th Birthday"</a>. 6 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Victor+Horta%27s+154th+Birthday&rft.date=2015-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoodles.google%2Fdoodle%2Fvictor-hortas-154th-birthday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Horta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAubryVandenbreeden1997" class="citation book cs1">Aubry, Françoise; Vandenbreeden, Jos (1997). <i>Horta: Art Nouveau to Modernism</i>. New York: Harry N Abrams. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-6333-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-6333-7"><bdi>978-0-8109-6333-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Horta%3A+Art+Nouveau+to+Modernism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harry+N+Abrams&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-6333-7&rft.aulast=Aubry&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7oise&rft.au=Vandenbreeden%2C+Jos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Horta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBekaert1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bekaert, Geert (1985). <i>L'influence de Viollet-le-Duc sur l'architecture en Belgique et aux Pays-Bas vers 1900</i> (in French). Septentrion.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27influence+de+Viollet-le-Duc+sur+l%27architecture+en+Belgique+et+aux+Pays-Bas+vers+1900&rft.pub=Septentrion&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Bekaert&rft.aufirst=Geert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Horta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuito2003" class="citation book cs1">Cuito, Aurora (2003). <i>Victor Horta</i>. Kempen: Te Neues Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8238-5542-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8238-5542-2"><bdi>978-3-8238-5542-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victor+Horta&rft.place=Kempen&rft.pub=Te+Neues+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-8238-5542-2&rft.aulast=Cuito&rft.aufirst=Aurora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Horta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDernie1995" class="citation book cs1">Dernie, David (1995). <i>Victor Horta</i>. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85490-418-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85490-418-3"><bdi>1-85490-418-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victor+Horta&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-85490-418-3&rft.aulast=Dernie&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Horta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahr-Becker2015" class="citation book cs1">Fahr-Becker, Gabriele (2015). <i>Art Nouveau</i>. Rheinbreitbach: H.F. Ullmann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8480-0834-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8480-0834-6"><bdi>978-3-8480-0834-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Nouveau&rft.place=Rheinbreitbach&rft.pub=H.F.+Ullmann&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3-8480-0834-6&rft.aulast=Fahr-Becker&rft.aufirst=Gabriele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Horta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiedion1941" class="citation book cs1">Giedion, Sigfried (1941). <i>Space Time and Architecture</i>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-67403-047-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-67403-047-3"><bdi>978-0-67403-047-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space+Time+and+Architecture&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1941&rft.isbn=978-0-67403-047-3&rft.aulast=Giedion&rft.aufirst=Sigfried&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Horta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOudin1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Oudin, Bernard (1994). <i>Dictionnaire des Architectes</i> (in French). Paris: Seghers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-232-10398-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-232-10398-8"><bdi>978-2-232-10398-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+des+Architectes&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Seghers&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-2-232-10398-8&rft.aulast=Oudin&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Horta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSembach2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sembach, Klaus-Jürgen (2013). <i>L'Art Nouveau- L'Utopie de la Réconciliation</i> (in French). Cologne: Taschen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8228-3005-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8228-3005-5"><bdi>978-3-8228-3005-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Art+Nouveau-+L%27Utopie+de+la+R%C3%A9conciliation&rft.place=Cologne&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-8228-3005-5&rft.aulast=Sembach&rft.aufirst=Klaus-J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Horta" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bogaert C., Lanclus K. & Verbeeck M. met medewerking van Linters A. 1979: Inventaris van het cultuurbezit in België, Architectuur, Stad Gent, Bouwen door de eeuwen heen in Vlaanderen 4NB Z-W, Brussel – Gent</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Horta&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Victor_Horta" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Victor Horta">Victor Horta</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1005">UNESCO Word Heritage List entry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040109225505/http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Victor_Horta.html">Victor Horta</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortamuseum.be/">Horta Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cupola.com/html/bldgstru/artnouv/artnouv1.htm">Cupola's Art Nouveau Architecture Gallery One</a> at www.cupola.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.art-nouveau-around-the-world.org/en/artistes/horta.htm">art-nouveau-around-the-world.org</a> Victor Horta</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://balat.kikirpa.be/pi/51781">Victor Horta on BALaT - Belgian Art Links and Tools (KIK-IRPA, Brussels)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Victor Horta</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pavilion_of_Human_Passions" title="Pavilion of Human Passions">Pavilion of Human Passions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Tassel" title="Hôtel Tassel">Hôtel Tassel</a> (1892–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autrique_House" title="Autrique House">Autrique House</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B4tel_Winssinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hôtel Winssinger (page does not exist)">Hôtel Winssinger</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B4tel_Frison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hôtel Frison (page does not exist)">Hôtel Frison</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Solvay" title="Hôtel Solvay">Hôtel Solvay</a> (1895–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_van_Eetvelde" title="Hôtel van Eetvelde">Hôtel van Eetvelde</a> (1895–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maison_du_Peuple,_Brussels" title="Maison du Peuple, Brussels">House of the People</a> (1896–1898)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B4tel_Aubecq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hôtel Aubecq (page does not exist)">Hôtel Aubecq</a> (1899–1902)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villa_Carpentier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villa Carpentier (page does not exist)">Villa Carpentier</a> (1899–1903)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%80_L%27Innovation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="À L'Innovation (page does not exist)">À L'Innovation</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels-Central_railway_station" title="Brussels-Central railway station">Brussels-Central railway station</a> (1912)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horta_Museum" title="Horta Museum">Horta Museum</a> (1898–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Comic_Strip_Center" title="Belgian Comic Strip Center">Belgian Comic Strip Center</a> (1905–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Fine_Arts,_Brussels" title="Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels">Palace of Fine Arts</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts,_Tournai" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts, Tournai">Musée des Beaux-Arts</a> (1928)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_in_Brussels" title="Art Nouveau in Brussels">Art Nouveau in Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_in_Brussels" title="Art Deco in Brussels">Art Deco in Brussels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Art_Nouveau_in_Brussels" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Art_Nouveau_architecture_in_Brussels" title="Template:Art Nouveau architecture in Brussels"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Art_Nouveau_architecture_in_Brussels" title="Template talk:Art Nouveau architecture in Brussels"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Art_Nouveau_architecture_in_Brussels" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Art Nouveau architecture in Brussels"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Art_Nouveau_in_Brussels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_in_Brussels" title="Art Nouveau in Brussels">Art Nouveau in Brussels</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autrique_House" title="Autrique House">Autrique House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauchie_House" title="Cauchie House">Cauchie House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hankar_House" title="Hankar House">Hankar House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horta_Museum" title="Horta Museum">Horta Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Albert_Ciamberlani" title="Hôtel Albert Ciamberlani">Hôtel Albert Ciamberlani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Brouck%C3%A8re" title="Hôtel de Brouckère">Hôtel de Brouckère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Hannon" title="Hôtel Hannon">Hôtel Hannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Max_Hallet" title="Hôtel Max Hallet">Hôtel Max Hallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Otlet" title="Hôtel Otlet">Hôtel Otlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Solvay" title="Hôtel Solvay">Hôtel Solvay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Tassel" title="Hôtel Tassel">Hôtel Tassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_van_Eetvelde" title="Hôtel van Eetvelde">Hôtel van Eetvelde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maison_du_Peuple,_Brussels" title="Maison du Peuple, Brussels">Maison du Peuple</a> (destroyed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_England_(department_store)" title="Old England (department store)">Old England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cyr_House" title="Saint-Cyr House">Saint-Cyr House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterner%27s_Studio" title="Sterner's Studio">Sterner's Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoclet_Palace" title="Stoclet Palace">Stoclet Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Human_Passions" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Human Passions">Temple of Human Passions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Rysselberghe_House" title="Van Rysselberghe House">Van Rysselberghe House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Beau-Site" title="Villa Beau-Site">Villa Beau-Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Bloemenwerf" title="Villa Bloemenwerf">Villa Bloemenwerf</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Brussels-Capital_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Brussels Region"><img alt="Flag of Brussels Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Brussels-Capital_Region.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Brussels-Capital_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Brussels-Capital_Region.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Brussels-Capital_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Brussels-Capital_Region.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Brussels-Capital_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Architects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hankar" title="Paul Hankar">Paul Hankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Hoffmann" title="Josef Hoffmann">Josef Hoffmann</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Victor Horta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Saintenoy" title="Paul Saintenoy">Paul Saintenoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Strauven" title="Gustave Strauven">Gustave Strauven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_van_de_Velde" title="Henry van de Velde">Henry van de Velde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octave_van_Rysselberghe" title="Octave van Rysselberghe">Octave van Rysselberghe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div><small><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Art_Nouveau_architecture_in_Brussels" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Art Nouveau architecture in Brussels">Commons</a></b></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49744#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49744#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49744#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081202587">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/41863991">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/88151/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfH49h73JdxPwmfHKkbh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118774964">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82029249">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12074934n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12074934n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00443786">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35233454">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0013229&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1145985">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069045747">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/9011598">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Horta, Victor, 1861-1947"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000312079&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/wt79b2df489b5tf">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810667637505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007426604505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058530066106706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14727839">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500032216">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/39878">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/ressources/repertoire-artistes-personnalites/32748">Musée d'Orsay</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/875363">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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