CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134a4c369126003',cH: 'SVecYB1nH.5UsxzX2li9La5LIae4fuWBHSPOGThbZLM-1739783419-1.2.1.1-sbuzCblCl_.ICZrY8f2twagxeRCUQ_AC_ABKSoLJ1nEoXaFIRussRliyFYJ2Ngkr',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/19942\/ageing-the-reality-and-its-gender-dimension?__cf_chl_tk=u4N4i_5iWYMfapIe5B3_7F7rbO8cRXoPbMDA7RdqKY4-1739783419-1.0.1.1-pkw55XvVuv7OBdUR1YoNGM_93KYfXJa8rObM_rgIAbM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783419',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/19942\/ageing-the-reality-and-its-gender-dimension?__cf_chl_f_tk=u4N4i_5iWYMfapIe5B3_7F7rbO8cRXoPbMDA7RdqKY4-1739783419-1.0.1.1-pkw55XvVuv7OBdUR1YoNGM_93KYfXJa8rObM_rgIAbM",md: "mWY8LCSZi7_hG5mjhns4n7FCNfpgWIgBUzV8PFzCcRM-1739783419-1.2.1.1-oV2XrtiksRGUmblxv5K7P3aYw_FOIxdQ6yhzMW7An0wIpC8BZOkoapZZmctFw38uxGszb3eG9xtKQZmttV8zkBdD8uSbFBviRGCeWwNGWgFBi1gNl8X5zTw7.le.8UZL19wEyEX9JoSeGo7U1Qay5LsKEqY6xG_mYmcmIyiOt1J.ZNVE0IieslUf4_yPI3cWVco4sYUIZH50rPS7tRCnjbftxq3DPJ5uMvB308pE38LKE2fAU4BjiAqsmX9qE0wStHMhOsBQGghgHDwi8eRQImPHhnezNPENyYntf1qiXUNhBm_b_.IZBeC8tgJ79G1pjZxkEVfGxJiuHSFLoiR9lezduMwYPDWLPph4jMUZp14ohPNoDWvsUJPcepwAKahEI4zZaMaEKgc8ZjjFFujB73O2pjr3_HcLNSFNsfjAu322SdJsr5IAOXYALzWkneszEjWmR2KMkuSIgeQxQ0I7TECocqYJqGdi_kcpstj89lU9Hn9d9w4euSPq7xV9mnmqxu3Ep826ddQzvYnMDVRMljMVGSg.XDHveY6fdETUMqaXseQTtkJElHEMDu83VrcB.Izz4fQ7wOSrc84AtU9fu2ldpIIFArwgmCCylPhv1cit6xWb9UGHnRLuB_kfEcjc5zl9VzEkXmwaPkPGyYUcK02SRxau0U9E92Xuuu_EVBawBzR_fl8w9_DdPBPWzpGI_w2pzYec0pLkpkn6GVCfKk0su00YUhgj5ahthPQHqXf8XXZ0wb2em3q_HWMfkVXMhzWR2JE8RxXz0i.U854LeHrah4iSDeD077quIOC.JucfuR0MDNMqeAezY2AE68PO0VG2qWlBthjhHwPjNv3jMRKle6.7JuB4k46LCoHGHVmRwXNHaL2Iv1Ki4i.QHZaiILC31NPZJcP9SZxTQF2D8D9WAI5774qJh5IsU8bH6mVT_.Li1XrG4ijxAAhBVbRIbVuBaBblTLgOsjyc2igE7gE9zvhpHUjbpmP7ltuGmClQk89pGa8BO14.kxIzu00uKNHBt997YQi24kf9x0y5qInb5hlqAOoDjwjOfQDrIxFg1g.JTjO3CJi2NNb7X86frHolb2RXVP6OrkSCyQ61EaYhPcFbHFmWkh..SIOrC7K0AaaN6R3BmKHWUXL3iNCtq5LRizT.JE12sqgQUznbgqqNP5669ZhK0JX4DJXPB6CaVDpMlT3iZtqC1WHjQRtWcWkL_ryTOdvJ1ojTAUUQyARkrQZtdqDoIqI5XD86gChpe2nvnoyn3u0RG8S9uGOZjQR0CD3pTMUK.G6KrHH5ddrXXeOxygYMFEyt4jspnEgjXJi4Z9T_7yvDpipSRPyUTbpJA.r_poFMYAX8oFZapPaxHo0cESapQRJWJ8xCdzjEVMT5S9v7tEKTGwnGYM2QEtpFAkJTvTv_yzHBMb6I9YQ_Lh7An2QFjA_SGTD1ZdWVeCehdJuaNUGlrG6sEMQYAxPECwrF7486BZ3EjOFwJLZh_7iTSJxsCi71rGd2yJaUIDFrk2vZ0AcK0_GRjUP3A0mWdrFX7gHU_J_IYkcG3DThsfCTEALuPUV6Z5IIYI7zUpvxZywTXw02443OAI5t4IAX7XB97pkHl9iK9jNKmgnRAYG4XDhWcpmHAdvHBTIgXSCtKmbMS.Ke_52xTK_JhcFPkNYe5k5TLXEGcXLBKB2Y.Pp.KZ8fptHOcg15VSfYXMXVjjEcxgkX2VA1TEfIVFhPMkmCH87BlHGaaqT77._KXeooQXCqDCxUyuPqK8ygVkH.RLTJyjjepdswww09lCTITE_BU9F5mKD_5GdPnTUqby_3cOUXhYqCKyuqBUUWaILT95_dxGMu0.hQIcLFI69zq2wdaNWlijFv94vfDd8GnN3ILi4bUu5ZKBNkWfhM1X08U4.Af8m9h_HnhrL29d.8znpG_1GJATjE6gVKnOPJGL66CqMOEGj4i622xTRMvrz62UQ7KSHTXtELWmhz0XS0JXWYLzwOQT2ZrMVu2YuMATLqmXHqhVynQs1TXXE",mdrd: "l0fpACla2._2W3jfpJOAPJE7eS6eCcAP7_rGupl7K.Y-1739783419-1.2.1.1-s_fyVRDOz1a_ThWx3wYDYntoPert_BR8EejpIR1yDMXGATw4XSeyYHLM1CAFxuhFxyfpOJojRgUlSLM.s5jeJETVv741c_fsYXC39Xto0Xj2PCUt.l.mnoQYjkLUuCa_94P7tv.O7GSn4GGNJiEBb229YRwQADfqRYRqIcNZFvz54_SU28gntBA8gySGiFvtPxZVK1yn.deUNy4SJ76UYBDZP6owQWWwlEYpaSRDYsGwd5ujkp7T33AVpwzphbQWfh7zf8N3.fLyLB9Wp90_uz1xdESKNFuJMiXMIsn5YMRauwsOKCieVhmv7HJHGGn3uewUfCpOfhWPos0L36niiBdhpxrY52k_QqgQ7OlHm.BSTeYaT9F2Z4MUitTrbAPWy9hX1ZNHXeQKoAmzNzJFs5F4Iy.YmNwa4mGVZ65WQXSJOc8RSspyHCNbpQm7xJ7dQBgbMZvrYvwms.BqADj5cGyEPXcYgjFqDd.m57vhlYCfYkAgoaaIiOef.MwUlmdgry8r2h6gGbwRrIVez9VGhn6SaYjOVltIB0_B93Rbng9D_YvsflO3ER7JOEHJYzqXgufLXVMvixEaTvjCoaTY_lpuKQY6WPQLhOgu9Y3F2Qa7KYOS3p_FeF5geZmpeGTW8URd2BALMj0GWSk35lvnBJ14CnhxjXv_qM7zl0zyBuj6PLpxcUCWDM1idE_SD2XZ3VMvJqQhetB1qtRBTQQUSqnUrBEfDAqymqycmzFB6NhkCe_tyIaBhtQK9Xu2HqZJhjLewSV13GR2k4cBh9o6RLrMkFgV68Uj1RPNg7Ld4wCeC_OKaKDnuUOq6D5VaXLKYUznqF.3XxzBjAbeYuD.zEGkOrcLuOZMpbLoOZPkcY_cG7T4fDvYHYkqLxc_HihDCFQDkFsZ1bczHusaHo2sZ9AxY28.9tTQII.dL9H8kNJL1nxVvKpwtepMruJ6Rr5cOverjEAI08fXzMz5L8m.LV_HcFbFaO5KAfDJoVg2PJA96wcCutXA0JON07uwPD.0Bpl6Yqvcm9VjCFjLF5d7nBMnBd.XFqnUbyEpTXVUcJebN48Hje75UDeCMq9_DDERizS_tfkI_set4tnuW8LY.cQOW3CUsMRWSpW8HCNYMN0FVHE1pXWTEX_UZo6lAPf1DoO_80wEzBfbz_UMhsDbjif00ozx6mNidEL3pAV0OQmMUycXtYZfY5P1fKHZwSt_nrD5hriRrlybR1ty9cOZQuhE1SqAIkxrkGLFXL4N0PFeZ5_NPCe8NdsC2K8VRTTGw.23.hwAhyi_u0wQa7pdBYNenWke.VdsxdW3SzdJKs.Xum98EOIVp5OGoW0Q8TBfhVR15M4RWM1VfAwalIa21IPoRr8TZ3aCbUwxRXyB8Hrn1OoqNSS.djaUmLxz6XXDBKGdN6aMgaDJWVu_3CLBFhl4jPCKuwc94MXQ1fOJSa06wQzPkEDVixjGKBU4UbOOB40IihHRXQlncP94_rRPgvraaFauQ10DeHgLmHe00Zd8Whpc69aPEH1dqDgylreeygzG2HNn77mt4Q8o_KST2Cze08srghTFj_rg_9hwk14adhP7ZMZb5XVEX9ZezM1EPak6wo8KufimX8Afp8Z6yNKwyyn6x4kzsjZAS1qbTkl1ioJrG5kXdvgjdss7gw2AxYzetxzxeKMG8qYYUMqnuF5v3aJ8ZbV5esvWoDNqs.Jbk0hGX_x4jxVHPF1BgsvP3H4wPOdWWcElPl.jvr.MtaqSZ3N.HQhFjNOy7JBX5OiEoQXO.DQbv7dLMESkYPzpil1ZtJl5DpgM7JmlOm.mu205yMeO0butqvnFOJEVy24D8b3bzunl2CoahHk4DQBQ2Q9EefPB_Ch910LJc.ThAcgr9odc3EGnIa_OTSLCvhbcymOUm93Cwmvs_ksTF_Lal.lJ1QbEaJxnVlN9CDg7pz84kD2VLCCfrpJr2lfk6J6LBG7aUO39eWauh3U4RUgY"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134a4c369126003';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/19942\/ageing-the-reality-and-its-gender-dimension?__cf_chl_rt_tk=u4N4i_5iWYMfapIe5B3_7F7rbO8cRXoPbMDA7RdqKY4-1739783419-1.0.1.1-pkw55XvVuv7OBdUR1YoNGM_93KYfXJa8rObM_rgIAbM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>