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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Visa källa för Gotik</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Den här artikeln finns bara på det här språket. 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If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. </p> Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Du kan se och kopiera denna sidas källtext. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="sv" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">== Historia och spridning == [[Fil:Uppsala Cathedral.jpg|miniatyr|Uppsala domkyrka]] Gotiken härstammar från [[Klosterkyrkan Saint-Denis]] i [[Saint-Denis]] utanför Paris och var en produkt av [[Abbot Suger]]s visioner. Den första egentligt gotiska arkitekturen var [[kor]]et i kyrkan som uppfördes 1140-1144. Andra skapelser från genombrottsskedet är katedralerna i [[Noyon]] (ca 1150), [[Chartres]] (påbörjad ca 1194), [[Laon]] (påbörjad ca 1170) och [[Notre-dame de Paris|Notre-Dame]] (påbörjad ca 1163) i Paris. Dessa unggotiska kyrkor har i mittskeppet sexdelade [[kryssribbvalv]], en övergångsform från det bundna valvsystemet, och en uppdelning i höjdled i fyra våningar med arkadbågar, [[empor]]er (läktare), [[triforium|triforier]] (ett dekorativt galleri som även tjänande syftet att lätta murmassan) och fönster.<ref name="Pevsner">''Den europeiska arkitekturen'', Nikolaus Pevsner</ref> Den gotiska stilen spred sig därefter först i norra Frankrike och England och därefter i resten av Frankrike, Nederländerna, Belgien, Luxemburg, Tyskland och Norden och till sist även till Spanien och Italien. I '''höggotikens''' katedraler är mittskeppsvalven fyrdelade och emporer saknas, liksom i Chartres. Som exempel på sådana byggnader i Frankrike må nämnas katedralen i [[Amiens]] (påbörjad 1220), Beauvais (påbörjad 1247) och [[Reims]] (påbörjad 1211) samt kyrkan [[Sainte-Chapelle]] (1246–1248) i Paris.<ref name="Pevsner"/> '''Sengotiken''' skiljer sig från höggotiken väsentligen genom en stegrad naturalism i detaljbehandlingen och ett dristigare tillämpande av de konstruktiva principerna. Det är dock en vittskiftande stil som skiljer sig mycket i utförandet från region till region. Som ett av de första exemplen på sengotik brukar ses änglakoret i Lincolnkatedralen, påbörjat 1256. Det var i England som de tidigaste tendenserna till sengotik kan spåras. I Frankrike dröjde stilens genombrott, ett av de tidiga exemplen är Vårfrukapellet i [[Katedralen i Ely]], utförd 1321–1349 med tydliga influenser från engelsk ''Decorated style''. Här kom sengotiken att blandas med den ifrån Tyskland härstammande enklare hallkyrkestilen. I fusionen föds det som kom att kallas ''Flamboyant style''. Exempel på denna riktning erbjuder [[Saint-Maclou]] i [[Rouen]] påbörjad 1434. Fasaden uppfördes 1500-1514.<ref name="Pevsner"/> I England kom de franska idéerna att blandas med inhemska normandiska traditioner till en helt egen utveckling. Ombyggnaden av Chatreskatedralen inleddes kort efter 1174, Wellskatedralen strax före 1191, Lincolnkatedralen 1192 samt Salisburykatedralen (påbörjad 1220) får '''unggotiken''' sin egen utformning, känd under benämningen ''Early English''. Den höggotiska utvecklas här i form av ''Decorated style'' som senare övergår i den sengotiska ''Perpendicular style''. Den gotiska stilen fick ett fast grepp i England, och kom att hålla sig kvar även sedan stilen blivit omodern på kontinenten i form av [[Tudorstil]]en.<ref name="Pevsner"/>. När [[nygotik]]en blev populär flera hundra år senare hade gotiska element använts i den engelska arkitekturen sedan den först hittade till ön. Tidiga exempel är katedralerna i [[Katedralen i Worcester|Worcester]] och [[York Minster|York]], och ett exempel på sengotik är [[katedralen i Canterbury]]. Gotiken spred sig från Frankrike till Tyskland, och unggotiken finns ännu representerad i domkyrkorna i [[Limburg an der Lahn]], [[Magdeburg]], [[Halberstadt]], [[Bamberg]], [[Naumburg an der Saale]] och [[Strasbourg]] (vissa delar). Den tyska höggotikens främsta byggnad är utan tvekan domen i [[Köln]] som byggdes som en femskeppig version av den treskeppiga [[katedralen i Amiens]]. Andra höggotiska katedraler är [[Regensburg]], [[Basel]] och [[Zürich]]. Under det sengotiska skeendet kom tyskarna att föredra så kallade [[hallkyrka|hallkyrkor]] till exempel [[Sankta Elisabeth i Marburg]] och [[Stefansdomen]] i Wien. I [[Bryssel]] finns [[St. Michael och St. Gudula katedralen]]. Längre norr- och österut gjorde bristen på sandsten att de gotiska kyrkorna i allmänhet uppfördes i [[Murtegel|tegel]], en stil även kallad [[tegelgotik]]. I norra Tyskland och andra länder kring Östersjön finns exempel på så kallad baltisk tegelgotik bland annat i Uppsala domkyrka, [[Sankt Petri kyrka, Malmö|Sankt Petri Kyrka]] i Malmö. Exempel på engelsk gotik i Norden ses i domkyrkorna i [[Trondheim]] och [[Stavanger]], och en kyrka av tysk halltyp är [[Linköpings domkyrka]]. I Spanien finns gotiska katedraler i [[Toledo]] och [[Burgos]] och i Italien utgör domerna i [[Orvieto]] och [[Milano]] typiska exempel på blandning av klassiskt och gotiskt. </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Tillbaka till <a href="/wiki/Gotik" title="Gotik">Gotik</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotik">https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotik</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Wikimedias integritetspolicy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Om">Om Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Allm%C3%A4nt_f%C3%B6rbeh%C3%A5ll">Förbehåll</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Uppförandekod</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Utvecklare</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sv.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Information om kakor</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sv.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gotik&action=edit&section=2&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilvy</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-lfbfh","wgBackendResponseTime":157,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.004","walltime":"0.005","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":701,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-lfbfh","timestamp":"20241201123106","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>