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the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-เถรวาท" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#เถรวาท"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>เถรวาท</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-เถรวาท-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-มหายาน" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#มหายาน"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>มหายาน</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-มหายาน-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">บารมี</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 42 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Парамита – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Парамита" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9B%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%82%8F%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%EA%A9%BB" title="ပါႏရမီႏဆီပါꩻ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပါႏရမီႏဆီပါꩻ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="পারমিতা – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পারমিতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ། – ทิเบต" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ทิเบต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1ramit%C3%A1" title="Páramitá – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Páramitá" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pāramitā" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pāramitā" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfekteco_(budhismo)" title="Perfekteco (budhismo) – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Perfekteco (budhismo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pāramitā" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cletavad_toimingud" title="Ületavad toimingud – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ületavad toimingud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="کمال‌یابی‌ها – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کمال‌یابی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pāramitā" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramita" title="Paramita – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Paramita" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98%D7%94" title="פרמיטה – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרמיטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="पारमिता – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पारमिता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramita" title="Paramita – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Paramita" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1ramita" title="Páramita – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Páramita" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramita" title="Paramita – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paramita" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pāramitā" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E8%9C%9C" title="波羅蜜 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="波羅蜜" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%B0%80" title="바라밀 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바라밀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramita" title="Paramita – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paramita" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%99%E1%80%B3%E1%80%85%E1%80%BE%E1%80%BA" title="ပါရမဳစှ် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ပါရမဳစှ်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="पारमिता – มราฐี" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पारमिता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="มราฐี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE" title="ပါရမီ – พม่า" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပါရမီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="พม่า" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="पारमिता – เนปาล" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पारमिता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="เนปาล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="पारमिता – เนวาร์" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पारमिता" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="เนวาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramita" title="Paramita – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paramita" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramita" title="Paramita – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Paramita" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramita" title="Paramita – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paramita" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramitas" title="Paramitas – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paramitas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Парамита – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парамита" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savr%C5%A1enost_(budizam)" title="Savršenost (budizam) – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Savršenost (budizam)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F" title="පාරමිතා – สิงหล" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පාරමිතා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="สิงหล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC)" title="Савршеност (будизам) – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Савршеност (будизам)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramita" title="Paramita – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Paramita" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Парамита – ตูวา" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Парамита" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="ตูวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Параміта – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Параміта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba-la-m%E1%BA%ADt-%C4%91a" title="Ba-la-mật-đa – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ba-la-mật-đa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%86" title="波羅密 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波羅密" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pho-l%C3%B4-bi%CC%8Dt" title="Pho-lô-bi̍t – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pho-lô-bi̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%86" title="波羅密 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波羅密" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q828201#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ดู"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&page=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5&id=11876267&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B5"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B5"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" title="ธรรมจักร"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/110px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/165px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/220px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;">บารมีใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97" title="เถรวาท">เถรวาท</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ทาน">ทาน</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_ethics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist ethics (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ศีล</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0" title="เนกขัมมะ">เนกขัมมะ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2_(%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98)" title="ปัญญา (ศาสนาพุทธ)">ปัญญา</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0" title="วิริยะ">วิริยะ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="ขันติ">ขันติ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B0" title="สัจจะ">สัจจะ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98" title="การอธิษฐานในศาสนาพุทธ">อธิษฐาน</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="เมตตา">เมตตา</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2" title="อุเบกขา">อุเบกขา</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;">บารมีใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="มหายาน">มหายาน</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ทาน">ทาน</a></li> 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<li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ศาสนาพุทธในเกาหลี">เกาหลี</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ศาสนาพุทธในประเทศลาว (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ลาว</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ศาสนาพุทธในประเทศมองโกเลีย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">มองโกเลีย</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2" title="ศาสนาพุทธในประเทศพม่า">พม่า</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ศาสนาพุทธในประเทศรัสเซีย">รัสเซีย</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ศาสนาพุทธในประเทศสิงคโปร์">สิงคโปร์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="ศาสนาพุทธในประเทศศรีลังกา">ศรีลังกา</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ศาสนาพุทธในประเทศไต้หวัน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไต้หวัน</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2" title="ศาสนาพุทธในประเทศไทย">ไทย</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="ศาสนาพุทธแบบทิเบต">ทิเบต</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="ศาสนาพุทธในประเทศเวียดนาม">เวียดนาม</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/16px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/24px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/32px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="สถานีย่อย:พระพุทธศาสนา">สถานีย่อยพระพุทธศาสนา</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/16px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/24px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/32px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="สถานีย่อย:ศาสนา">สถานีย่อยศาสนา</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552732"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ดู"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98" title="แม่แบบ:ศาสนาพุทธ"><abbr title="ดูแม่แบบนี้">ด</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-คุย"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98" title="คุยเรื่องแม่แบบ:ศาสนาพุทธ"><abbr title="อภิปรายแม่แบบนี้">ค</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-แก้"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:EditPage/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98" title="พิเศษ:EditPage/แม่แบบ:ศาสนาพุทธ"><abbr title="แก้ไขแม่แบบนี้">ก</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>บารมี</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษาบาลี">บาลี</a>: <span lang="pi">pāramī, पारमी</span>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%95" title="ภาษาสันสกฤต">สันสกฤต</a>: <span lang="sa">pāramitā, पारमिता</span>) ปฏิปทาอันยวดยิ่ง มีความหมาย 2 ประการ ประการแรก คือ บรม แปลว่าดีเลิศ สูงสุด และประการต่อมาหมายถึง การไป คือ ไปให้ถึงอีกฝังหนึ่ง คุณธรรมที่ประพฤติปฏิบัติอย่างยิ่งยวด คือ ความดีที่บำเพ็ญอย่างพิเศษ เพื่อบรรลุซึ่งจุดหมายอันสูง เช่น <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="พระพุทธเจ้า">พระพุทธเจ้า</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81" title="พระอสีติมหาสาวก">พระอสีติมหาสาวก</a> เป็นต้น<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="เถรวาท"><span id=".E0.B9.80.E0.B8.96.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.97"></span>เถรวาท</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: เถรวาท"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ในนิกาย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97" title="เถรวาท">เถรวาท</a>มี 10 อย่าง จึงเรียกว่า <b>ทศบารมี</b> หรือ <b>บารมี ๑๐</b> คือ กำลังใจที่ต้องทำให้เต็ม ไม่พร่อง </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ทาน">ทาน</a> การให้</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5" title="ศีล">ศีล</a> การรักษาศีลให้เป็นปกติ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0" title="เนกขัมมะ">เนกขัมมะ</a> การออกจากกาม</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2" title="ปัญญา">ปัญญา</a> ความรู้</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0" title="วิริยะ">วิริยะ</a> ความเพียร</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="ขันติ">ขันติ</a> ความอดทนอดกลั้น</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B0" title="สัจจะ">สัจจะ</a> ความตั้งใจจริง เอาจริง จริงใจ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" class="mw-disambig" title="อธิษฐาน">อธิษฐาน</a> ความตั้งใจมั่น ไม่เปลี่ยนแปลง</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="เมตตา">เมตตา</a> ความรักด้วยความปรานี</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2" title="อุเบกขา">อุเบกขา</a> ความวางเฉย</li></ol> <p>สามารถแยกออกเป็นหมวด ได้ 3 หมวดและจัดออกเป็นคู่ๆที่สนับสนุนกันในเวลาที่บำเพ็ญบารมี ได้แก่ </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5" title="ศีล">ศีล</a> มี 4 ได้แก่ ทาน คู่กับ เมตตา ศีล คู่กับ เนกขัมมะ </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4" title="สมาธิ">สมาธิ</a> มี 4 ได้แก่ วิริยะ คู่กับ ขันติ สัจจะ คู่กับ อธิษฐาน และ </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2" title="ปัญญา">ปัญญา</a> มี 2 ได้แก่ ปัญญา คู่กับ อุเบกขา </p><p>ทานบารมี สมบูรณ์ได้ด้วย ศีลบารมี (ทานที่ให้โดยผู้มีศีลย่อมสมบูรณ์ยิ่ง) </p><p>ศีลบารมี สมบูรณ์ได้ด้วย เนกขัมมะบารมี (ศีลสมบูรณ์ได้ด้วยการการสำรวมอินทรีย์ทั้ง6จากกามคุณ) </p><p>เนกขัมมะบารมี สมบูรณ์ได้ด้วย ปัญญาบารมี (การสำรวมในกาม สมบูรณ์ด้วยการพิจารณาตามจริงด้วยปัญญาว่าสิ่งทั้งหลายไม่เที่ยงเป็นทุกข์ไม่งาม) </p><p>ปัญญาบารมี สมบูรณ์ได้ด้วย วิริยะบารมี (ปัญญาจะฉลาดลึกซึ้งกว้างขวางก็ด้วยการหมั่นพิจารณาหมั่นตั้งคำถามหมั่นศึกษาในธรรม) </p><p>วิริยะบารมี สมบูรณ์ได้ด้วย ขันติบารมี (ความเพียรพยายามจะต่อเนื่องยาวนานได้เพราะอาศัยความอดทน) </p><p>ขันติบารมี สมบูรณ์ได้ด้วย สัจจะบารมี (ความอดทนจะมั่นคงได้ด้วยความตั้งใจจริง) </p><p>สัจจะบารมี สมบูรณ์ได้ด้วย อธิฏฐานบารมี (ความตั้งใจจริงมุ่งมั่นอยู่ได้ด้วยการมีเป้าหมายในชีวิตที่ชัดเจน) </p><p>อธิฏฐานบารมี สมบูรณ์ได้ด้วย เมตตาบารมี (ทุกๆเป้าหมายในชีวิตต้องประกอบด้วยเมตตาธรรม ไม่สร้างความเดือนร้อนแก่ผู้ใด ดุจดังพระโพธิสัตว์ทั้งหลายที่ปรารถนาจะช่วยให้สรรพสัตว์พ้นทุกข์จากสังสารวัฏ) </p><p>เมตตาบารมี สมบูรณ์ได้ด้วย อุเบกขาบารมี (ความมีเมตตาต้องมีการให้อภัยละวางความอิจฉาปราศจากอคติยอมรับผลแห่งเหตุ) </p><p>อุเบกขาบารมี สมบูรณ์ได้ด้วย ทานบารมี (ความมีอุเบกขามิใช่ความวางเฉยแบบไม่สนใจแต่ต้องรู้จักเสียสละ) </p><p>ในแนวคิดบารมีของเถรวาท ผู้บารมีทั้ง10ประการ บารมีแต่ล่ะอย่างย่อมส่งเสริมเพิ่มอำนาจให้กันและกัน จนทวีคูณจนหาประมาณมิได้ สามารถทำปุถุชนคนธรรมดาให้กลายเป็นองค์สมเด็จพระสัมมาสัมพุทธเจ้า </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="มหายาน"><span id=".E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99"></span>มหายาน</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: มหายาน"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="พระสูตรมหายาน">พระสูตรมหายาน</a> เช่น <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ปรัชญาปารมิตาสูตร (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ปรัชญาปารมิตาสูตร</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3" title="สัทธรรมปุณฑรีกสูตร">สัทธรรมปุณฑรีกสูตร</a> เป็นต้น ถือว่าบารมีมี 6 ประการได้แก่ </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ทาน">ทาน</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5" title="ศีล">ศีล</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="ขันติ">ขันติ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0" title="วิริยะ">วิริยะ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8C%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ฌาน">ฌาน</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2" title="ปัญญา">ปัญญา</a></li></ol> <p>แต่ในคัมภีร์<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ทศภูมิกสูตร (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ทศภูมิกสูตร</a> ได้เพิ่มอีก 4 ข้อ รวมเป็นบารมี 10 4 ข้อนั้นได้แก่ </p> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อุบาย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อุบาย</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ปณิธาน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ปณิธาน</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="พละ">พละ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" title="ญาณ">ญาณ</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%BA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95)" class="mw-redirect" title="พระพรหมคุณาภรณ์ (ประยุทธ์ ปยุตฺโต)">พระพรหมคุณาภรณ์ (ประยุทธ์ ปยุตฺโต)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.84000.org/tipitaka/dic/d_seek.php?text=%BA%D2%C3%C1%D5">บารมี 10 หรือ ทศบารมี</a>, พจนานุกรมพุทธศาสตร์ ฉบับประมวลธรรม</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">เข้าถึงจาก "<a dir="ltr" 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