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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The <b>Arnold Ritter von Harff's lexicon</b> is the second oldest <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian-language</a> document ever retrieved, after the <a href="/wiki/Formula_e_pag%C3%ABzimit" title="Formula e pagëzimit">Formula e pagëzimit</a>. The lexicon was written by <a href="/wiki/Arnold_von_Harff" title="Arnold von Harff">Arnold Ritter von Harff</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> traveler, who in 1496 was spending some hours in the port of <a href="/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs" title="Durrës">Durrës</a> and transcribed some words of the locals <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a>, by writing on the side, the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> translation of them. The document includes 26 words in Albanian, 8 expressions, and numbers from 1 to 10, and also 100, and 1000.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arnold von Harff is the second author of the Albanian-German Dictionary written in 1497. </p><p>Arnold von Harff was a foreign knight from Cologne, Germany. In 1496 he began the long journey to visit the holy places in Palestine. He crossed the Adriatic Sea by boat and in 1497 stopped in Albanian areas such as Ulcinj, Durrësi i Sazanit. While walking these places, he came in contact with Albanians. Out of the need to communicate with the local population, he marked some words of the Albanian language, a total of 26 words, 8 expressions and 12 numerals. To remember them better, next to the Albanian word he also marked the German one. In this way he compiled a small dictionary that he does not call Dictionary Albanian-German. The dictionary fell into oblivion for a long time. It was discovered by von Grote in 1860 and published the same year. </p><p>Even this document is important only for the language, it proves the peculiarities of the northern dialect from this is the lexicon. The author uses the Latin alphabet of the Gothic type to write the Albanian language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_lexicon">The lexicon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Ritter_von_Harff%27s_lexicon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The lexicon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Old Albanian</th> <th>Modern Albanian</th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td>Boicke</td> <td>Bukë</td> <td>Bread </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vene</td> <td>Venë (Gheg Albanian)</td> <td>Wine </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oie</td> <td>Ujë</td> <td>Water </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mische</td> <td>Mish</td> <td>Meat </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jat</td> <td>Djath</td> <td>Cheese </td></tr> <tr> <td>Foeie</td> <td>Vezë</td> <td>Egg </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oitter</td> <td>Uthull</td> <td>Vinegar </td></tr> <tr> <td>Poylle</td> <td>Pulë</td> <td>Chicken </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pyske</td> <td>Peshk</td> <td>Fish </td></tr> <tr> <td>Krup</td> <td>Kripë</td> <td>Salt </td></tr> <tr> <td>Myr</td> <td>Mirë</td> <td>Good </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kycge</td> <td>Keq</td> <td>Bad </td></tr> <tr> <td>Megarune</td> <td>Me ngrënë</td> <td>To eat </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pijnë</td> <td>Me pi</td> <td>To drink </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tauerne</td> <td>Tavernë</td> <td>Tavern </td></tr> <tr> <td>Geneyre</td> <td>Burrë</td> <td>Man </td></tr> <tr> <td>Groëa</td> <td>Grua</td> <td>Woman </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denarye</td> <td>Para</td> <td>Denar (money) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sto</td> <td>Po</td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jae</td> <td>Jo</td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td>Criste</td> <td>Zot</td> <td>God (Christ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dreck</td> <td>Dreq</td> <td>Devil </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kijrij</td> <td>Qiri</td> <td>Candle </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kale</td> <td>Kalë</td> <td>Horse </td></tr> <tr> <td>Elbe</td> <td>Elb</td> <td>Barley </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fijet</td> <td>Me flejt</td> <td>Sleep </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mirenestrasse</td> <td>Mirëmëngjes</td> <td>Good Morning </td></tr> <tr> <td>Myreprama</td> <td>Mirëmbrëma</td> <td>Good Evening </td></tr> <tr> <td>Meretzeën</td> <td>Mirësevjen</td> <td>Welcome </td></tr> <tr> <td>Laf me kmijss</td> <td>Më laj këmishën</td> <td>Wash my shirt </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nea</td> <td>Një</td> <td>One </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dua</td> <td>Dy</td> <td>Two </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trij</td> <td>Tre</td> <td>Three </td></tr> <tr> <td>Quater</td> <td>Katër</td> <td>Four </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pessa</td> <td>Pesë</td> <td>Five </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jast</td> <td>Gjashtë</td> <td>Six </td></tr> <tr> <td>Statte</td> <td>Shtatë</td> <td>Seven </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tette</td> <td>Tetë</td> <td>Eight </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nantë</td> <td>Nëntë</td> <td>Nine </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dieta</td> <td>Dhjetë</td> <td>Ten </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nijtgint</td> <td>Njëqind</td> <td>One hundred </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nemijgo</td> <td>Njëmijë</td> <td>One thousand </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_additions">Other additions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Ritter_von_Harff%27s_lexicon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other additions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The traveler, in addition to the list of words, expressions and numbers, has left some notes in those places of the Albanian coast where he passed. Among other things, he writes that "Ulcinj is a beautiful and small Albanian city". For Shkodra, although he passed through it, because the trip Ulqin-Durrës, did it by sea, he says "that it is a big city just conquered by the Ottomans". He describes the island of Sazan "as a good sea harbor, where there are many boats, on the left side of which is a large village with 2000 hearths, called Vlora" etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Ritter_von_Harff%27s_lexicon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAnamali2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anamali, Skënder (2002). <i>Historia e popullit shqiptar në katër vëllime</i> (in Albanian). Vol. I. Botimet Toena. p. 311. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52411919">52411919</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+e+popullit+shqiptar+n%C3%AB+kat%C3%ABr+v%C3%ABllime&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Botimet+Toena&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52411919&rft.aulast=Anamali&rft.aufirst=Sk%C3%ABnder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Ritter+von+Harff%27s+lexicon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Ritter_von_Harff%27s_lexicon&oldid=1153721753">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Ritter_von_Harff%27s_lexicon&oldid=1153721753</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_language" title="Category:Albanian language">Albanian language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_literature" title="Category:Albanian literature">Albanian literature</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Albanian-language_sources_(sq)" title="Category:CS1 Albanian-language sources (sq)">CS1 Albanian-language sources (sq)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 May 2023, at 23:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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