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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1908_Springfield_Race_Riot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1908_Springfield_Race_Riot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1908 Springfield Race Riot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1908_Springfield_Race_Riot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Great_Migration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Great_Migration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>The Great Migration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Great_Migration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_Rights_Movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_Rights_Movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Civil Rights Movement</span> </div> </a> <ul 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searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">African Americans in Illinois</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">1.8 million<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2020)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Chicagoland" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicagoland">Chicagoland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_East" title="Metro East">Metro East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peoria_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoria metropolitan area">Peoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockford_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockford metropolitan area">Rockford</a>, rural counties in far <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois" title="Southern Illinois">Southern Illinois</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Inland_Northern_American_English" title="Inland Northern American English">Inland Northern American English</a>, <a href="/wiki/African-American_English" title="African-American English">African-American English</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_American_Vernacular_English" class="mw-redirect" title="African American Vernacular English">African American Vernacular English</a>, <a 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_African_Americans" title="Index of articles related to African Americans">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/African-American_history" title="African-American history">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Periods</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_African-American_history" title="Timeline of African-American history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the colonial history of the United States">Slavery in the colonial history of the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_the_Revolutionary_War" title="African Americans in the Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Antebellum period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_during_the_American_Civil_War" title="Slavery during the American Civil War">Slavery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War">military history</a> during the Civil War</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_officeholders_during_Reconstruction" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American officeholders during Reconstruction">Politicians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">Civil rights movement (1865–1896)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">Jim Crow era (1896–1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement (1954–1968)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_power_movement" title="Black power movement">Black power movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93civil_rights_era_in_African-American_history" title="Post–civil rights era in African-American history">Post–civil rights era</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Aspects</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_history_of_agriculture_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American history of agriculture in the United States">Agriculture history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Belt_in_the_American_South" title="Black Belt in the American South">Black Belt in the American South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_businesses" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American businesses">Business history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_the_enslaved_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Treatment of the enslaved in the United States">Treatment of the enslaved</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Migrations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Second Great Migration (African American)">Second Great Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Great_Migration" title="New Great Migration">New Great Migration</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/African-American_culture" title="African-American culture">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lifeways</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_dance" title="African-American dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_family_structure" title="African-American family structure">Family structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American cinema">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_folktales" title="African-American folktales">Folktales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_musical_theater" title="African-American musical theater">Musical theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American newspapers">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">Soul food</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Schools</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_during_the_slave_period_in_the_United_States" title="Education during the slave period in the United States">Education during the slave period in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_of_freed_people_during_the_Civil_War" title="Education of freed people during the Civil War">Education of freed people during the Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African-American_education" title="History of African-American education">History of African-American education</a>, after the Civil War</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historically_black_colleges_and_universities" title="Historically black colleges and universities">Historically black colleges and universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_fraternities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American fraternities">Fraternities</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Academic study</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_literature" title="African-American literature">Literature</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Celebrations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Martin Luther King Jr. Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_History_Month" title="Black History Month">Black History Month</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwanzaa" title="Kwanzaa">Kwanzaa</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Economic class</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_businesses" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American businesses">African-American businesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_middle_class" title="African-American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_upper_class" title="African-American upper class">Upper class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_billionaires" title="Black billionaires">Billionaires</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Symbols and ideas</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_beauty" title="African-American beauty">African-American beauty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_is_beautiful" title="Black is beautiful">Black is beautiful</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pride" title="Black pride">Black pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_hair" title="African-American hair">African-American hair</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Good hair">Good hair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepping_(African-American)" title="Stepping (African-American)">Stepping</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lift_Every_Voice_and_Sing" title="Lift Every Voice and Sing">Lift Every Voice and Sing</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_self-determination" title="African-American self-determination">Self-determination</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_Black_Americans" title="Religion of Black Americans">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Institutions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Black church</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Theologies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_theology" title="Black theology">Black theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist theology</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Non-Christian groups</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_(spirituality)" title="Hoodoo (spirituality)">Hoodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hebrew_Israelites" title="Black Hebrew Israelites">Black Hebrew Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Jews" title="African-American Jews">African-American Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Muslims" title="African-American Muslims">African-American Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" title="Louisiana Voodoo">Louisiana Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">African Diaspora Religions</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Politics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Organizations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Congressional Black Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Center_for_Political_and_Economic_Studies" title="Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies">Joint Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Black_Caucus_of_State_Legislators" title="National Black Caucus of State Legislators">National Black Caucus of State Legislators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_Black_Mayors" title="National Conference of Black Mayors">National Conference of Black Mayors</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Ideologies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrocentrism" title="Afrocentrism">Afrocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-Africa_movement" title="Back-to-Africa movement">Back-to-Africa movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_power" title="Black power">Black power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_capitalism" title="Black capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garveyism" title="Garveyism">Garveyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_leftism" title="African-American leftism">Leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_liberalism" title="Black liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_patriotism" title="African-American patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_populism" title="Black populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_radical_tradition" title="Black radical tradition">Radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_socialism" title="African-American socialism">Socialism</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Civic/economic groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Organizations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Study_of_African_American_Life_and_History" title="Association for the Study of African American Life and History">Association for the Study of African<br />American Life and History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conductors" title="Black conductors">Black conductors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Black_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="National Black Chamber of Commerce">National Black Chamber of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Negro_Women" title="National Council of Negro Women">National Council of Negro Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pan-Hellenic_Council" title="National Pan-Hellenic Council">National Pan-Hellenic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TransAfrica" title="TransAfrica">TransAfrica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNCF" title="UNCF">UNCF</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/African-American_culture#Sports" title="African-American culture">Sports</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> Athletic associations and conferences</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Association" title="Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association">Central (CIAA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBCU_Athletic_Conference" title="HBCU Athletic Conference">HBCU (HBCUAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Eastern_Athletic_Conference" title="Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference">Mid-Eastern (MEAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference">Southern (SIAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Athletic_Conference" title="Southwestern Athletic Conference">Southwestern (SWAC)</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Sub-communities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Multiethnic</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Jews" title="African-American Jews">African-American Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Puerto_Ricans" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Puerto Ricans">Afro-Puerto Ricans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Creole_people" title="Alabama Creole people">Alabama Creole people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Indians_in_the_United_States" title="Black Indians in the United States">Black Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Seminoles" title="Black Seminoles">Black Seminoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascogos" title="Mascogos">Mascogos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaxican" title="Blaxican">Blaxicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_Ankles" title="Brass Ankles">Brass Ankles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creoles_of_color" title="Creoles of color">Creoles of color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominickers" title="Dominickers">Dominickers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedmen_(ethnic_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedmen (ethnic group)">Freedmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dismal_Swamp_maroons" title="Great Dismal Swamp maroons">Great Dismal Swamp maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melungeon" title="Melungeon">Melungeon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carmel_Indians" title="Carmel Indians">Carmel Indians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redbone_(ethnicity)" title="Redbone (ethnicity)">Redbone</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Specific ancestries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americo-Liberian_people" title="Americo-Liberian people">Americo-Liberians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_Freedmen" title="Creek Freedmen">Creek Freedmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah" title="Gullah">Gullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merikins" title="Merikins">Merikins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Nova_Scotians" title="Black Nova Scotians">Nova Scotians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_Americans" title="Samaná Americans">Samaná Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Creole_people" title="Sierra Leone Creole people">Sierra Leone Creole</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Sexual orientation</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_LGBT_community" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Dialects and languages</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> English dialects</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_English" title="African-American English">African-American English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English" title="African-American Vernacular English">African-American Vernacular English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_English" title="Liberian English">Liberian English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_English" title="Samaná English">Samaná English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutnese" title="Tutnese">Tutnese</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Languages and other dialects</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gullah_language" title="Gullah language">Gullah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Seminole_Creole" title="Afro-Seminole Creole">Afro-Seminole Creole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Dutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Dutch">Negro Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_American_Sign_Language" title="Black American Sign Language">Black American Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Population</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> US states</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Alabama" title="African Americans in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Arkansas" title="African Americans in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_California" title="African Americans in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Florida" title="African Americans in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="History of African Americans in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Louisiana" title="African Americans in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Maryland" title="African Americans in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Mississippi" title="African Americans in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_history_of_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="African American history of Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_North_Carolina" title="African Americans in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ohio" title="African Americans in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oklahoma" title="African Americans in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oregon" title="African Americans in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Carolina" title="African Americans in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Dakota" title="African Americans in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Tennessee" title="African Americans in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Texas" title="History of African Americans in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Utah" title="History of African Americans in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Virginia" title="African Americans in Virginia">Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> US cities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_mecca" title="Black mecca">Black mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_neighborhoods" title="List of African-American neighborhoods">List of neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Atlanta" title="African Americans in Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Baltimore" title="History of African Americans in Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Boston" title="History of African Americans in Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Chicago" title="History of African Americans in Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Dallas-Fort_Worth" class="mw-redirect" title="History of African Americans in Dallas-Fort Worth">Dallas-Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Davenport,_Iowa" title="African Americans in Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Detroit" title="History of African Americans in Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Houston" title="History of African Americans in Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Jacksonville,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="History of African Americans in Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Kentucky" title="History of African Americans in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhoods_in_Lexington,_Kentucky" title="African-American neighborhoods in Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of African Americans in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York_City" title="African Americans in New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="African Americans in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Philadelphia" title="History of African Americans in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_San_Antonio" title="History of African Americans in San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_San_Francisco" title="African Americans in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places" title="List of African-American historic places">Historic places</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places_in_the_District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American historic places in the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places_in_Florida" title="List of African-American historic places in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places_in_Georgia" title="List of African-American historic places in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places_in_Mississippi" title="List of African-American historic places in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places_in_Missouri" title="List of African-American historic places in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="List of African-American historic places in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places_in_North_Carolina" title="List of African-American historic places in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places_in_South_Carolina" title="List of African-American historic places in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places_in_Texas" title="List of African-American historic places in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places_in_West_Virginia" title="List of African-American historic places in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Population count</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_African-American_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by African-American population">US states and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._metropolitan_areas_with_large_African-American_populations" title="List of U.S. metropolitan areas with large African-American populations">US metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_African-American_populations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. cities with large African-American populations">US cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_African-American_majority_populations" title="List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations">US communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_the_United_States_with_African-American_plurality_populations" title="List of populated places in the United States with African-American plurality populations">Places by plurality of population</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/African-American_diaspora" title="African-American diaspora">Diaspora</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Africa" title="African Americans in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Canada" title="African Americans in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_France" title="African Americans in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ghana" title="African Americans in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Israel" title="African Americans in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americo-Liberian_people" title="Americo-Liberian people">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Nova_Scotians" title="Black Nova Scotians">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Creole_people" title="Sierra Leone Creole people">Sierra Leone</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Prejudice</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Racism</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Black genocide">Black genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Race and ethnicity in the US census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Black_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism against Black Americans">Racism against Black Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery" title="Reparations for slavery">Reparations for slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="School segregation in the United States">School segregation in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unarmed_African_Americans_killed_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States" title="List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States">Unarmed African Americans killed by police officers</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_African_Americans" title="Stereotypes of African Americans">Stereotypes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Representation_of_African_Americans_in_media" title="Representation of African Americans in media">media depictions</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackface" title="Blackface">Blackface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_stereotype_of_African_Americans" title="Criminal stereotype of African Americans">Criminal stereotypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_representation_in_Hollywood" title="African-American representation in Hollywood">Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_Negro" title="Magical Negro">Magical Negro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minstrel_show" title="Minstrel show">Minstrel show</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist" style="border-top:none;font-size:97%;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_people" title="Category:African-American people">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_African_Americans" title="Index of articles related to African Americans">Index</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_American_topics_sidebar" title="Template:African American topics sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_American_topics_sidebar" title="Template talk:African American topics sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_American_topics_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African American topics sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>African Americans have significantly contributed to the history, culture, and development of Illinois since the early 18th century. The African American presence dates back to the French colonial era where the French brought black slaves to the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> early in its history,<b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> and spans periods of slavery, migration, civil rights movement, and more. Contributions span over politics, business, arts, and social justice sectors shaping the overall cultural landscape of Illinois. </p><p>During and between the two <a href="/wiki/World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wars">World Wars</a>, blacks began leaving states in the <a href="/wiki/American_South" class="mw-redirect" title="American South">South</a> for Illinois and other states in the north. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> increased Illinois’ black population by 81% from 1920 to 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many African Americans would reside in <a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Chicago" title="History of African Americans in Chicago">Chicago</a> where they would build communities in the South and West sides of Chicago, creating churches, businesses, community organizations, and more to survive and sustain themselves in the segregated city. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_Illinois&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Africans arrived in Illinois as slaves in 1720 when it was still under rule of the French colony of Louisiana. Frenchman <a href="/wiki/Philip_Fran%C3%A7ois_Renault" title="Philip François Renault">Philippe Renault</a> brought slaves to work in salt mines and by 1763, the slave population had grown to six hundred in Illinois.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slavery_and_emancipation">Slavery and emancipation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_Illinois&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Slavery and emancipation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Illinois" title="History of slavery in Illinois">History of slavery in Illinois</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Owen_Lovejoy_Homestead._1905..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Owen_Lovejoy_Homestead._1905..jpg/220px-Owen_Lovejoy_Homestead._1905..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Owen_Lovejoy_Homestead._1905..jpg/330px-Owen_Lovejoy_Homestead._1905..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Owen_Lovejoy_Homestead._1905..jpg/440px-Owen_Lovejoy_Homestead._1905..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1018" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>Postcard of the Owen Lovejoy homestead, a stop on the Underground Railroad.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1787, Illinois became part of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a> prohibited the importation of slaves. Illinois was admitted as a free state in 1818, but the constitution of 1818 allowed slave owners to keep their current slaves and for limited slavery in the salt mines.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, black people that were free faced major restrictions under the <a href="/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)" title="Black Codes (United States)">Black Codes</a> limiting their rights and threatening them to be sold. </p><p>Despite these challenges, black communities emerged in Illinois, particularly in Lovejoy (present day <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_Illinois" title="Brooklyn, Illinois">Brooklyn, IL</a>) and Alton which served as crucial stops on the <a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a>. The Illinois River and the surrounding areas would also become part of the route for escaped slaves heading to Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_20th_century">The 20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_Illinois&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Springfield_Riot_postcard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Springfield_Riot_postcard.jpg/220px-Springfield_Riot_postcard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Springfield_Riot_postcard.jpg/330px-Springfield_Riot_postcard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Springfield_Riot_postcard.jpg/440px-Springfield_Riot_postcard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2345" data-file-height="3787" /></a><figcaption>Postcard of the tree where Scott Burton was hanged.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1908_Springfield_Race_Riot">1908 Springfield Race Riot</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_Illinois&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1908 Springfield Race Riot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Springfield_race_riot_of_1908" title="Springfield race riot of 1908">Springfield race riot of 1908</a></div> <p>The 1908 Springfield Race Riot started on the evening of August 14, 1908 started a violent race war in the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a> that would be deemed a dark part of history for Illinois, but would lead to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People</a> (NAACP). A mob of around 5,000 white Americans would gather at the city jail demanding the police hand over two African American men, George Richardson accused of raping a white woman and Joe James accused of murdering a white man. The police would secretly transport these men to <a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Illinois" title="Bloomington, Illinois">Bloomington</a> for their safety, and when the mob learned of this, they rioted.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mob spent the next 2 days going to black neighborhoods looting and destroying their businesses, beating them on the streets, burning homes, and even lynching two men, Scott Burton and William Donnegan.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Illinois militia would arrive in Springfield halting some of the violent acts until enough had arrived on August 6 to fully put a stop to all attacks. About two thousand Black people were driven out of Springfield due to the riots. </p><p>A direct result of this violence, white liberals and activists, including <a href="/wiki/Mary_White_Ovington" title="Mary White Ovington">Mary White Ovington</a>, and concerned African Americans including <a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W.E.B Du Bois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells-Barnett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> would meet to discuss the racism in America. This would form the NAACP on February 12, 1909. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Great_Migration">The Great Migration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_Illinois&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Great Migration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 20th century, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> significantly impacted Illinois’ demographics with a surge in the African American population, particularly in Chicago and the north. From 1916 to 1970, hundreds of thousands of African Americans migrated from the <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Crow South">Jim Crow South</a> for more industrial opportunities in the North. This created an influx that contributed to the population growth of African Americans in Illinois from 2% to 33% by 1970 and transformed the Black population in Illinois to predominantly urban.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Illinois offered freedom from legally sanctioned discrimination, African Americans still faced racial discrimination in every area of life such as housing, education, and other employment opportunities. It was not until <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> that African American men were offered jobs in the factories, and temporarily offered domestic work to the women.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_Rights_Movement">Civil Rights Movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_Illinois&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Civil Rights Movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> desegregated the U.S. military, but society still had not caught up yet. This led to many African Americans all over the country, but mainly based in the South, still fighting for their rights resulting in the decision in <a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. The Board of Education</a>, led by the NAACP, and eventually the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a> as well. </p><p>The fight for equality was no different in Illinois. While Chicago was leaning more towards antislavery, especially through the Illinois Civil Rights Act of 1885, outside of the Black communities, termed the Black Belt,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> African Americans in Chicago were still heavily discriminated against. The Chicago branch of the NAACP was founded in 1910 due to increased tension in race relations, and activism was at an all-time high during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. In the early 1960s, the Coordinating Council of Community Organizations (CCCO) emerged to help Black parents in their protests against the discrimination in the education system and the policies of Chicago superintendent, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Willis_(educator)" title="Benjamin Willis (educator)">Benjamin Willis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Dr. Martin Luther King Jr</a> visited Illinois on numerous occasions to lead and address the housing segregation, education, and hiring discrimination in Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1965, CCCO joined forces with King and his <a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference</a> (SCLC) to launch the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Freedom_Movement" title="Chicago Freedom Movement">Chicago Freedom Movement</a> looking to end slums and overall bring racial justice to the city. The Chicago Freedom Movement focused on homeownership, as about 90% of African Americans had to buy their homes using a “contract sale”, resulting in thousands of dollars of debt and often poverty as well.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was one of the major factors that produced the passage of the Fair Housing Act in 1968. Along with housing discrimination, in 1966 SCLC, with leadership from <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Rev. Jesse Jackson</a>, launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Breadbasket" title="Operation Breadbasket">Operation Breadbasket</a> in Chicago: an organization dedicated to bettering the economic conditions of the Black communities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_Illinois&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite historical barriers, the Civil Rights movement had a profound impact on the political landscape for African Americans in Illinois. The movement helped to increase voter registration, and Black citizens brought greater pressure for the elected officials to make change and address their concerns. In this period, a new generation of political leaders emerged, shaping the political agenda and advocating for the betterment of their communities. However, it did not take the Civil Rights Movement to introduce an African American politician. In 1929, <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Stanton_De_Priest" title="Oscar Stanton De Priest">Oscar DePriest</a> became the first African American congressman in the 20th century outside of the south, and ever since then the <a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 1st congressional district">1st Congressional District</a> has consistently elected Black congressmen. </p><p>Two of the most influential African American congressmen came right after DePriest, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wergs_Mitchell" title="Arthur Wergs Mitchell">Arthur W. Mitchell</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_L._Dawson_(politician)" title="William L. Dawson (politician)">William L. Dawson</a>. Mitchell was the first African American Democrat to be elected to Congress and was the only African American in Congress during his congressional career.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mitchell introduced legislation against lynching and discrimination and condemned politicians preferring the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis Powers</a> over giving African Americans any rights. William L. Dawson was elected after Mitchell and focused on improving the lives of African Americans during his time. Notably, Dawson is credited with defeating the Winstead Amendment.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Achievements">Achievements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_Illinois&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the early 20th century, many prominent African American politicians have called Illinois home. Illinois has elected 17 <a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives" title="List of African-American United States representatives">African Americans to the House of Representatives</a> and three <a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_senators" title="List of African-American United States senators">African American Senators</a>, the most of any state. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sen._Carol_Moseley_Braun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sen._Carol_Moseley_Braun.jpg/220px-Sen._Carol_Moseley_Braun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sen._Carol_Moseley_Braun.jpg/330px-Sen._Carol_Moseley_Braun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sen._Carol_Moseley_Braun.jpg/440px-Sen._Carol_Moseley_Braun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="1446" /></a><figcaption>Senator <a href="/wiki/Carol_Moseley_Braun" title="Carol Moseley Braun">Carol Moseley Braun</a>, 1993.</figcaption></figure> <p>Carol Moseley Braun was the first African American woman and Democratic African American to be elected to the Senate from Illinois. <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> was the first African American to be elected United States President in 2009. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary">Contemporary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_Illinois&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Contemporary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite progress, African Americans have continued to face challenges such as economic disparities, racial tensions, and more. Demographic shifts have also recently seen many African Americans leaving Illinois for the south.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>African Americans have ingrained a memorable and historic mark on Illinois, from its very beginning dating back to slavery, and to this day continue to shape its present and future through an ongoing fight for equality and more, leaving a legacy of resilience and resistance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_notable_figures">Legacy and notable figures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_Illinois&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy and notable figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Point_du_Sable" title="Jean Baptiste Point du Sable">Jean Baptiste Pointe DuSable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jones_(abolitionist)" title="John Jones (abolitionist)">John Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Parish_Lovejoy" title="Elijah Parish Lovejoy">Elijah P. Lovejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_G._Woodson" title="Carter G. Woodson">Carter G. Woodson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etta_James" title="Etta James">Etta James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wright_(author)" title="Richard Wright (author)">Richard Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Washington" title="Harold Washington">Harold Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelbert_H._Roberts" title="Adelbert H. Roberts">Adelbert H. Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floy_Clements" title="Floy Clements">Floy Clements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_Illinois&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/48px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/64px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Illinois" title="Portal:Illinois">Illinois portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Chicago" title="History of African Americans in Chicago">History of African Americans in Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Illinois" title="History of slavery in Illinois">History of slavery in Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_American_newspapers_in_Illinois" title="List of African American newspapers in Illinois">List of African American newspapers in Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Illinois" title="History of Illinois">History of Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Georgia" title="African Americans in Georgia">History of African Americans in Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Louisiana" title="African Americans in Louisiana">History of African Americans in Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_unrest_in_Cairo,_Illinois" title="Racial unrest in Cairo, Illinois">Racial Unrest in Cairo, IL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Second Great Migration (African American)">Second Great Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_American_newspapers_in_Illinois" title="List of African American newspapers in Illinois">List of African American Newspapers in Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of African-American historic places in Washington, D.C.">List of Historic African American Places in Washington, D.C</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_Illinois&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datacommons.org/place/geoId/17/?mprop=count&popt=Person&cpv=race,BlackOrAfricanAmericanAlone&hl=en">"Illinois - Place Explorer - Data Commons"</a>. <i>datacommons.org</i>.</cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digital.lib.niu.edu&rft.atitle=African+Americans%2C+Race+and+Ethnicity+in+Illinois+and+the+North+during+the+Civil+War+%7C+Northern+Illinois+University+Digital+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.lib.niu.edu%2Fillinois%2Fcivilwar%2Frace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Americans+in+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dnrhistoric.illinois.gov/research/afamhist.html">"African Americans in Illinois - Education"</a>. <i>dnrhistoric.illinois.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dnrhistoric.illinois.gov&rft.atitle=African+Americans+in+Illinois+-+Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdnrhistoric.illinois.gov%2Fresearch%2Fafamhist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Americans+in+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF@ilpublicmedia2024" class="citation web cs1">@ilpublicmedia (2024-02-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://will.illinois.edu/prairiefire/story/the-underground-railroad-in-illinois">"The Underground Railroad in Illinois"</a>. <i>Illinois Public Media</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Springfield+Race+Riot%2C+1908+%E2%80%A2&rft.date=2008-06-29&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=Karlson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackpast.org%2Fafrican-american-history%2Fspringfield-race-riot-1908%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Americans+in+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://naacp.org/about/our-history">"Our History | NAACP"</a>. <i>naacp.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nlihc.org&rft.atitle=The+Chicago+Freedom+Movement+%7C+National+Low+Income+Housing+Coalition&rft.date=2024-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnlihc.org%2Fresource%2Fchicago-freedom-movement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Americans+in+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/exhibits/origins-of-the-congressional-black-caucus/black-congressional-member-biographies/">"Black Congressional Member Biographies » Origins of the Congressional Black Caucus » Avoice - Congressional Black Caucus Foundation » African American Voices in Congress"</a>. <i>Avoice - Congressional Black Caucus Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Avoice+-+Congressional+Black+Caucus+Foundation&rft.atitle=Black+Congressional+Member+Biographies+%C2%BB+Origins+of+the+Congressional+Black+Caucus+%C2%BB+Avoice+-+Congressional+Black+Caucus+Foundation+%C2%BB+African+American+Voices+in+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Favoice.cbcfinc.org%2Fexhibits%2Forigins-of-the-congressional-black-caucus%2Fblack-congressional-member-biographies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Americans+in+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/2021/11/22/as-the-black-population-continues-to-drop-in-chicago-and-illinois-few-regret-their-move-i-have-peace/">"As the Black population continues to drop in Chicago and Illinois, few regret their move: 'I have peace'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. 2021-11-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=As+the+Black+population+continues+to+drop+in+Chicago+and+Illinois%2C+few+regret+their+move%3A+%E2%80%98I+have+peace%E2%80%99&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F2021%2F11%2F22%2Fas-the-black-population-continues-to-drop-in-chicago-and-illinois-few-regret-their-move-i-have-peace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Americans+in+Illinois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_Illinois&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_Americans629" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #d1eaeb;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_American_topics" title="Template:African American topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_American_topics" title="Template talk:African American topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_American_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African American topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_Americans629" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_history" title="African-American history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_African-American_history" title="Timeline of African-American history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_founding_fathers_of_the_United_States" title="African American founding fathers of the United States">African American founding fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrocentrism" title="Afrocentrism">Afrocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)" title="Black Codes (United States)">Black Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cowboys" title="Black cowboys">Black cowboys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_genocide_in_the_United_States" title="Black genocide in the United States">Black genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_plantation" title="Children of the plantation">Children of the plantation</a></li> <li>Civil Rights Acts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">Civil rights movement 1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">Civil right movement 1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement 1954–1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_bus_boycott" title="Montgomery bus boycott">Montgomery bus boycott</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Browder_v._Gayle" title="Browder v. Gayle">Browder v. Gayle</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sit-in_movement" title="Sit-in movement">Sit-in movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders" title="Freedom Riders">Freedom Riders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_campaign" title="Birmingham campaign">Birmingham movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington" title="March on Washington">March on Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Summer" title="Freedom Summer">Freedom Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Freedom_Movement" title="Chicago Freedom Movement">Chicago Freedom Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93civil_rights_era_in_African-American_history" title="Post–civil rights era in African-American history">Post–civil rights era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Speech" title="Cornerstone Speech">Cornerstone Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_African_diaspora" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the African diaspora">COVID-19 impact</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></i> (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Negro" title="Free Negro">Free Negro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">Free people of color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Second Great Migration (African American)">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Great_Migration" title="New Great Migration">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodusters" title="Exodusters">Exodusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009</a> / <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Man_March" title="Million Man March">Million Man March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadir_of_American_race_relations" title="Nadir of American race relations">Nadir of American race relations</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Negro_Motorist_Green_Book" title="The Negro Motorist Green Book">The Negro Motorist Green Book</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Partus_sequitur_ventrem" title="Partus sequitur ventrem">Partus sequitur ventrem</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_complexes_in_the_Southern_United_States" title="Plantation complexes in the Southern United States">Plantations</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson" title="Plessy v. Ferguson">Plessy v. Ferguson</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction Amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_but_equal" title="Separate but equal">Separate but equal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Parade" title="Silent Parade">Silent Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Treatment of slaves in the United States">Treatment of slaves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre" title="Tulsa race massacre">Tulsa race massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women%27s_suffrage_movement" title="African-American women's suffrage movement">Women's suffrage movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_culture" title="African-American culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_mecca" title="Black mecca">Black mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-owned_business" title="Black-owned business">Businesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_dance" title="African-American dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_family_structure" title="African-American family structure">Family structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_folktales" title="African-American folktales">Folktales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_hair" title="African-American hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Negro" title="New Negro">New Negro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_(spirituality)" title="Hoodoo (spirituality)">Hoodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwanzaa" title="Kwanzaa">Kwanzaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_LGBTQ_community" title="African-American LGBTQ community">LGBTQ community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_literature" title="African-American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_musical_theater" title="African-American musical theater">Musical theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lift_Every_Voice_and_Sing" title="Lift Every Voice and Sing">Negro National Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_newspapers" title="African American newspapers">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">Soul food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_African_Americans" title="Stereotypes of African Americans">Stereotypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_middle_class" title="African-American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_upper_class" title="African-American upper class">Upper class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abernathy" title="Ralph Abernathy">Ralph Abernathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crispus_Attucks" title="Crispus Attucks">Crispus Attucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bevel" title="James Bevel">James Bevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Julian Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Boynton_Robinson" title="Amelia Boynton Robinson">Amelia Boynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bradley_(former_slave)" title="James Bradley (former slave)">James Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Moseley_Braun" title="Carol Moseley Braun">Carol Moseley Braun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Edward Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Bruce" title="Blanche Bruce">Blanche Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver" title="George Washington Carver">George Washington Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colvin" title="Claudette Colvin">Claudette Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers" title="Medgar Evers">Medgar Evers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farmer" title="James Farmer">James Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Highland_Garnet" title="Henry Highland Garnet">Henry Highland Garnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Marcus Garvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Gray_(attorney)" title="Fred Gray (attorney)">Fred Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Jacobs" title="Harriet Jacobs">Harriet Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lafayette" title="Bernard Lafayette">Bernard Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawson_(activist)" title="James Lawson (activist)">James Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Huddie Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lowery" title="Joseph Lowery">Joseph Lowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Moses_(activist)" title="Bob Moses (activist)">Bob Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Nash" title="Diane Nash">Diane Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton_Powell_Jr." title="Adam Clayton Powell Jr.">Adam Clayton Powell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel%27s_Rebellion#Gabriel_Prosser" title="Gabriel's Rebellion">Gabriel Prosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rainey" title="Joseph Rainey">Joseph Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">A. Philip Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_R._Revels" title="Hiram R. Revels">Hiram Revels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Shuttlesworth" title="Fred Shuttlesworth">Fred Shuttlesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner%27s_Rebellion" title="Nat Turner's Rebellion">Nat Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_Vesey" title="Denmark Vesey">Denmark Vesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._T._Vivian" title="C. T. Vivian">C. T. Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Walker_(abolitionist)" title="David Walker (abolitionist)">David Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Booker T. Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wilkins" title="Roy Wilkins">Roy Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Young" title="Whitney Young">Whitney Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Education, science<br />and technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_studies" title="Black studies">Black studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African-American_education" title="History of African-American education">Black schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historically_black_colleges_and_universities" title="Historically black colleges and universities">Historically black colleges and universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_inventors_and_scientists" title="List of African-American inventors and scientists">Inventors and scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_focused_on_African_Americans" title="List of museums focused on African Americans">Museums</a></li> <li>Women <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women_in_computer_science" title="African-American women in computer science">in computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_women_in_medicine" title="List of African-American women in medicine">in medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_women_in_STEM_fields" title="List of African-American women in STEM fields">in STEM fields</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_Black_Americans" title="Religion of Black Americans">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Jews" title="African-American Jews">African-American Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Muslims" title="African-American Muslims">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Muslims" title="American Society of Muslims">American Society of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Black church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival" title="Azusa Street Revival">Azusa Street Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hebrew_Israelites" title="Black Hebrew Israelites">Black Hebrew Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_theology" title="Black theology">Black theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Divine#Doctrine" title="Father Divine">Doctrine of Father Divine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Political movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-Africa_movement" title="Back-to-Africa movement">Back-to-Africa movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_power" title="Black power">Black power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_power_movement" title="Black power movement">Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_capitalism" title="Black capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_leftism" title="African-American leftism">Leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_populism" title="Black populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_fist" title="Raised fist">Raised fist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_self-determination" title="African-American self-determination">Self-determination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_socialism" title="African-American socialism">Socialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Civic and economic<br />groups</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Study_of_African_American_Life_and_History" title="Association for the Study of African American Life and History">Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Racial_Equality" title="Congress of Racial Equality">Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Student_Movement" title="Nashville Student Movement">Nashville Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Black_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="National Black Chamber of Commerce">National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Negro_Women" title="National Council of Negro Women">National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pan-Hellenic_Council" title="National Pan-Hellenic Council">National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League (NUL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee" title="Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee">Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall_College_Fund" title="Thurgood Marshall College Fund">Thurgood Marshall College Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNCF" title="UNCF">United Negro College Fund (UNCF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Negro_Improvement_Association_and_African_Communities_League" title="Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League">Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_color_line" title="Baseball color line">Baseball color line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_players_in_professional_American_football" title="Black players in professional American football">Black players in professional American football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_starting_NFL_quarterbacks" title="List of Black starting NFL quarterbacks">Black NFL quarterbacks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_players_in_ice_hockey" title="Black players in ice hockey">Black players in ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe" title="Arthur Ashe">Arthur Ashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(boxer)" title="Jack Johnson (boxer)">Jack Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Jesse Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Athletic associations<br />and conferences</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Association" title="Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association">Central (CIAA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Eastern_Athletic_Conference" title="Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference">Mid-Eastern (MEAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference">Southern (SIAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Athletic_Conference" title="Southwestern Athletic Conference">Southwestern (SWAC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Ethnic subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>By African descent <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fula_Americans" title="Fula Americans">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah" title="Gullah">Gullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Americans" title="Igbo Americans">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Americans" title="Yoruba Americans">Yoruba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Creole_people" title="Alabama Creole people">Alabama Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Indians_in_the_United_States" title="Black Indians in the United States">Black Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Seminoles" title="Black Seminoles">Black Seminoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Freedmen" title="Cherokee Freedmen">Cherokee Freedmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_Freedmen" title="Choctaw Freedmen">Choctaw Freedmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_Freedmen" title="Creek Freedmen">Creek Freedmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Southerners" title="Black Southerners">Black Southerners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaxican" title="Blaxican">Blaxicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dismal_Swamp_maroons" title="Great Dismal Swamp maroons">Great Dismal Swamp maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creoles_of_color" title="Creoles of color">of color</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melungeon" title="Melungeon">Melungeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">Neighborhoods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_neighborhoods" title="List of African-American neighborhoods">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_Black_populations" title="List of U.S. cities with large Black populations">U.S. cities with large populations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_African-American_majority_populations_in_2000" title="List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2000">2000 majorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_African-American_majority_populations_in_2010" title="List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2010">2010 majorities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._metropolitan_areas_with_large_African-American_populations" title="List of U.S. metropolitan areas with large African-American populations">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_African-American_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by African-American population">States and territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Seminole_Creole" title="Afro-Seminole Creole">Afro-Seminole Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_American_Sign_Language" title="Black American Sign Language">Black American Sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_English" title="African-American English">African-American English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English" title="African-American Vernacular English">African-American Vernacular English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English_and_social_context" title="African-American Vernacular English and social context">social context</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah_language" title="Gullah language">Gullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole" title="Louisiana Creole">Louisiana Creole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">By state/city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Alabama" title="African Americans in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Arkansas" title="African Americans in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_California" title="African Americans in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of African Americans in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_San_Francisco" title="African Americans in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Florida" title="African Americans in Florida">Florida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Jacksonville" title="History of African Americans in Jacksonville">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tallahassee,_Florida#Black_history" title="History of Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Georgia" title="African Americans in Georgia">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Atlanta" title="African Americans in Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Hawaii" title="Africans in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Illinois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Chicago" title="History of African Americans in Chicago">Chicago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Iowa">Iowa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Davenport,_Iowa" title="African Americans in Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Kansas" title="African Americans in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Kentucky" title="History of African Americans in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhoods_in_Lexington,_Kentucky" title="African-American neighborhoods in Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Louisiana" title="African Americans in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Maryland" title="African Americans in Maryland">Maryland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Baltimore" title="History of African Americans in Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li></ul></li> <li>Massachusetts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Boston" title="History of African Americans in Boston">Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li>Michigan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Detroit" title="History of African Americans in Detroit">Detroit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Mississippi" title="African Americans in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_history_of_Nebraska" title="African-American history of Nebraska">Nebraska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="African Americans in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_Jersey" title="African Americans in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York_(state)" title="African Americans in New York (state)">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York_City" title="African Americans in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_North_Carolina" title="African Americans in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ohio" title="African Americans in Ohio">Ohio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cleveland" title="Demographics of Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oklahoma" title="African Americans in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oregon" title="African Americans in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li>Pennsylvania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Philadelphia" title="History of African Americans in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro%E2%80%93Puerto_Ricans" title="Afro–Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Carolina" title="African Americans in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Dakota" title="African Americans in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Tennessee" title="African Americans in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Texas" title="History of African Americans in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Austin" title="History of African Americans in Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" title="History of African Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth">Dallas–Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Houston" title="History of African Americans in Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_San_Antonio" title="History of African Americans in San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Utah" title="History of African Americans in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Virginia" title="African Americans in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_West_Virginia" title="African Americans in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_diaspora" title="African-American diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Africa" title="African Americans in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_Creole_people" title="Gambian Creole people">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ghana" title="African Americans in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americo-Liberian_people" title="Americo-Liberian people">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Creole_people" title="Sierra Leone Creole people">Sierra Leone</a></li></ul></li> <li>America <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Nova_Scotians" title="Black Nova Scotians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_Americans" title="Samaná Americans">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_emigration" title="Haitian emigration">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascogos" title="Mascogos">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merikins" title="Merikins">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Israel" title="African Americans in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_France" title="African Americans in France">France</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_African_Americans" title="Lists of African Americans">African Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_activists" title="List of African-American activists">Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_actors" title="List of African-American actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_astronauts" title="List of African-American astronauts">Astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_billionaires" title="Black billionaires">Billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_American_journalists" title="List of African American journalists">Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_American_jurists" title="List of African American jurists">Jurists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_mathematicians" title="List of African-American mathematicians">Mathematicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_Republicans" title="List of African-American Republicans">Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_singers" title="List of African-American singers">Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_American_sportspeople" title="List of African American sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spingarn_Medal" title="Spingarn Medal">Spingarn Medal winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of African-American United States Cabinet members">US cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives" title="List of African-American United States representatives">US representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_senators" title="List of African-American United States senators">US senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_visual_artists" title="List of African-American visual artists">Visual artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_writers" title="List of African-American writers">Writers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_African-American_firsts" title="Timeline of African-American firsts">African-American firsts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_African-American_mayors" title="List of first African-American mayors">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_sports_firsts" title="List of African-American sports firsts">Sports firsts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_U.S._state_firsts" title="List of African-American U.S. state firsts">US state firsts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places" title="List of African-American historic places">Historic places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_African_Americans" title="Index of articles related to African Americans">Index of related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_landmark_African-American_legislation" title="List of landmark African-American legislation">Landmark African-American legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States" title="List of lynching victims in the United States">Lynching victims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_to_African_Americans" title="List of monuments to African Americans">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_neighborhoods" title="List of African-American neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_related_to_the_African_diaspora" title="List of topics related to the African diaspora">Topics related to the African diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #d1eaeb;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_society" title="Category:African-American society">Category</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Illinois368" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Illinois" title="Template:Illinois"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Illinois" title="Template talk:Illinois"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Illinois" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Illinois"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Illinois368" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Illinois" title="Outline of Illinois">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Illinois-related_articles" title="Index of Illinois-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Illinois" title="Abortion in Illinois">Abortion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Illinois" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Illinois">Buildings and structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_statistical_areas" title="Illinois statistical areas">Census areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Illinois" title="Climate change in Illinois">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Illinois" title="Crime in Illinois">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_in_Illinois" title="Category:Communications in Illinois">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Illinois_culture" title="Category:Illinois culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Illinois" title="United States congressional delegations from Illinois">Delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Illinois" title="List of earthquakes in Illinois">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Illinois" title="Economy of Illinois">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Illinois">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Illinois">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_Illinois" title="Category:Environment of Illinois">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Illinois" title="Geography of Illinois">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Illinois" title="Government of Illinois">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_in_Illinois" title="Category:Health in Illinois">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Illinois" title="History of Illinois">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Illinois">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Illinois" title="Languages of Illinois">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Illinois" title="Law of Illinois">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_in_Illinois" title="Category:Military in Illinois">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Illinois" title="Music of Illinois">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Illinois" title="List of people from Illinois">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Illinois" title="Politics of Illinois">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Illinois" title="Portal:Illinois">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Illinois" title="List of protected areas of Illinois">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_and_technology_in_Illinois" title="Category:Science and technology in Illinois">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sister_cities_in_Illinois" title="List of sister cities in Illinois">Sister cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Illinois_society" title="Category:Illinois society">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_professional_sports_teams_in_Illinois" title="List of professional sports teams in Illinois">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Illinois_state_symbols" title="List of Illinois state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourism_in_Illinois" title="Category:Tourism in Illinois">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois#Transportation" title="Illinois">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_Illinois" title="List of windmills in Illinois">Windmills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Bottom" title="American Bottom">American Bottom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington%E2%80%93Normal" title="Bloomington–Normal">Bloomington–Normal metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Illinois" title="Central Illinois">Central Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana_metropolitan_area" title="Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area">Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_counties" title="Collar counties">Collar counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Belt" title="Corn Belt">Corn Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driftless_Area" title="Driftless Area">Driftless Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgottonia" title="Forgottonia">Forgottonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Valley_(Illinois)" title="Fox Valley (Illinois)">Fox Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois%E2%80%93Indiana%E2%80%93Kentucky_tri-state_area" title="Illinois–Indiana–Kentucky tri-state area">Illinois–Indiana–Kentucky tri-state area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_East" title="Metro East">Metro East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Lakeland" title="Metro Lakeland">Metro Lakeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Alluvial_Plain" title="Mississippi Alluvial Plain">Mississippi Alluvial Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Chicago)" title="North Shore (Chicago)">North Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Illinois" title="Northern Illinois">Northern Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Illinois" title="Northwestern Illinois">Northwestern Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoria metropolitan area, Illinois">Peoria metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_Cities" title="Quad Cities">Quad Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Bend_(Illinois)" title="River Bend (Illinois)">River Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" title="Rockford metropolitan area, Illinois">Rockford metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois" title="Southern Illinois">Southern Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabash_Valley" title="Wabash Valley">Wabash Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Illinois" title="List of municipalities in Illinois">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alton,_Illinois" title="Alton, Illinois">Alton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Granite_City,_Illinois" title="Granite City, Illinois">Granite City</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edwardsville,_Illinois" title="Edwardsville, Illinois">Edwardsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_Heights,_Illinois" title="Arlington Heights, Illinois">Arlington Heights</a>/<a href="/wiki/Palatine,_Illinois" title="Palatine, Illinois">Palatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Illinois" title="Aurora, Illinois">Aurora</a>/<a href="/wiki/Naperville,_Illinois" title="Naperville, Illinois">Naperville</a>/<a href="/wiki/Oswego,_Illinois" title="Oswego, Illinois">Oswego</a>/<a href="/wiki/Plainfield,_Illinois" title="Plainfield, Illinois">Plainfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartlett,_Illinois" title="Bartlett, Illinois">Bartlett</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hanover_Park,_Illinois" title="Hanover Park, Illinois">Hanover Park</a>/<a href="/wiki/Streamwood,_Illinois" title="Streamwood, Illinois">Streamwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belleville,_Illinois" title="Belleville, Illinois">Belleville</a>/<a href="/wiki/East_St._Louis,_Illinois" title="East St. Louis, Illinois">East St. Louis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Collinsville,_Illinois" title="Collinsville, Illinois">Collinsville</a>/<a href="/wiki/O%27Fallon,_Illinois" title="O'Fallon, Illinois">O'Fallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berwyn,_Illinois" title="Berwyn, Illinois">Berwyn</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cicero,_Illinois" title="Cicero, Illinois">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Illinois" title="Bloomington, Illinois">Bloomington</a>/<a href="/wiki/Normal,_Illinois" title="Normal, Illinois">Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolingbrook,_Illinois" title="Bolingbrook, Illinois">Bolingbrook</a>/<a href="/wiki/Romeoville,_Illinois" title="Romeoville, Illinois">Romeoville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Grove,_Illinois" title="Buffalo Grove, Illinois">Buffalo Grove</a>/<a href="/wiki/Wheeling,_Illinois" title="Wheeling, Illinois">Wheeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calumet_City,_Illinois" title="Calumet City, Illinois">Calumet City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Illinois" title="Canton, Illinois">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbondale,_Illinois" title="Carbondale, Illinois">Carbondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Stream,_Illinois" title="Carol Stream, Illinois">Carol Stream</a>/<a href="/wiki/Glendale_Heights,_Illinois" title="Glendale Heights, Illinois">Glendale Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centralia,_Illinois" title="Centralia, Illinois">Centralia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois" title="Champaign, Illinois">Champaign</a>/<a href="/wiki/Urbana,_Illinois" title="Urbana, Illinois">Urbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_Illinois" title="Charleston, Illinois">Charleston</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mattoon,_Illinois" title="Mattoon, Illinois">Mattoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Heights,_Illinois" title="Chicago Heights, Illinois">Chicago Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Lake,_Illinois" title="Crystal Lake, Illinois">Crystal Lake</a>/<a href="/wiki/Algonquin,_Illinois" title="Algonquin, Illinois">Algonquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Illinois" title="Danville, Illinois">Danville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Illinois" title="Decatur, Illinois">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeKalb,_Illinois" title="DeKalb, Illinois">DeKalb</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sycamore,_Illinois" title="Sycamore, Illinois">Sycamore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Plaines,_Illinois" title="Des Plaines, Illinois">Des Plaines</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mount_Prospect,_Illinois" title="Mount Prospect, Illinois">Mount Prospect</a>/<a href="/wiki/Park_Ridge,_Illinois" title="Park Ridge, Illinois">Park Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixon,_Illinois" title="Dixon, Illinois">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downers_Grove,_Illinois" title="Downers Grove, Illinois">Downers Grove</a>/<a href="/wiki/Woodridge,_Illinois" title="Woodridge, Illinois">Woodridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effingham,_Illinois" title="Effingham, Illinois">Effingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Illinois" title="Elgin, Illinois">Elgin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Carpentersville,_Illinois" title="Carpentersville, Illinois">Carpentersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmhurst,_Illinois" title="Elmhurst, Illinois">Elmhurst</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lombard,_Illinois" title="Lombard, Illinois">Lombard</a>/<a href="/wiki/Addison,_Illinois" title="Addison, Illinois">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evanston,_Illinois" title="Evanston, Illinois">Evanston</a>/<a href="/wiki/Skokie,_Illinois" title="Skokie, Illinois">Skokie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeport,_Illinois" title="Freeport, Illinois">Freeport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galesburg,_Illinois" title="Galesburg, Illinois">Galesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenview,_Illinois" title="Glenview, Illinois">Glenview</a>/<a href="/wiki/Northbrook,_Illinois" title="Northbrook, Illinois">Northbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Illinois" title="Harrisburg, Illinois">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Illinois" title="Jacksonville, Illinois">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joliet,_Illinois" title="Joliet, Illinois">Joliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee,_Illinois" title="Kankakee, Illinois">Kankakee</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bradley,_Illinois" title="Bradley, Illinois">Bradley</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bourbonnais,_Illinois" title="Bourbonnais, Illinois">Bourbonnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Illinois" title="Lincoln, Illinois">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macomb,_Illinois" title="Macomb, Illinois">Macomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Illinois" title="Marion, Illinois">Marion</a>/<a href="/wiki/Herrin,_Illinois" title="Herrin, Illinois">Herrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moline,_Illinois" title="Moline, Illinois">Moline</a>/<a href="/wiki/East_Moline,_Illinois" title="East Moline, Illinois">East Moline</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rock_Island,_Illinois" title="Rock Island, Illinois">Rock Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Illinois" title="Mount Vernon, Illinois">Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundelein,_Illinois" title="Mundelein, Illinois">Mundelein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Lawn,_Illinois" title="Oak Lawn, Illinois">Oak Lawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Park,_Illinois" title="Oak Park, Illinois">Oak Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orland_Park,_Illinois" title="Orland Park, Illinois">Orland Park</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tinley_Park,_Illinois" title="Tinley Park, Illinois">Tinley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa,_Illinois" title="Ottawa, Illinois">Ottawa</a>/<a href="/wiki/Streator,_Illinois" title="Streator, Illinois">Streator</a>/<a href="/wiki/LaSalle,_Illinois" title="LaSalle, Illinois">LaSalle</a>/<a href="/wiki/Peru,_Illinois" title="Peru, Illinois">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pekin,_Illinois" title="Pekin, Illinois">Pekin</a>/<a href="/wiki/East_Peoria,_Illinois" title="East Peoria, Illinois">East Peoria</a>/<a href="/wiki/Morton,_Illinois" title="Morton, Illinois">Morton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Washington,_Illinois" title="Washington, Illinois">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Illinois" title="Pontiac, Illinois">Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Illinois" title="Quincy, Illinois">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochelle,_Illinois" title="Rochelle, Illinois">Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">Rockford</a>/<a href="/wiki/Belvidere,_Illinois" title="Belvidere, Illinois">Belvidere</a>/<a href="/wiki/Machesney_Park,_Illinois" title="Machesney Park, Illinois">Machesney Park</a>/<a href="/wiki/Loves_Park,_Illinois" title="Loves Park, Illinois">Loves Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles,_Illinois" title="St. Charles, Illinois">St. Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaumburg,_Illinois" title="Schaumburg, Illinois">Schaumburg</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hoffman_Estates,_Illinois" title="Hoffman Estates, Illinois">Hoffman Estates</a>/<a href="/wiki/Elk_Grove_Village,_Illinois" title="Elk Grove Village, Illinois">Elk Grove Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling,_Illinois" title="Sterling, Illinois">Sterling</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rock_Falls,_Illinois" title="Rock Falls, Illinois">Rock Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylorville,_Illinois" title="Taylorville, Illinois">Taylorville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waukegan,_Illinois" title="Waukegan, Illinois">Waukegan</a>/<a href="/wiki/North_Chicago,_Illinois" title="North Chicago, Illinois">North Chicago</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gurnee,_Illinois" title="Gurnee, Illinois">Gurnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheaton,_Illinois" title="Wheaton, Illinois">Wheaton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Illinois" title="List of counties in Illinois">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Illinois" title="Adams County, Illinois">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_County,_Illinois" title="Alexander County, Illinois">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_County,_Illinois" title="Bond County, Illinois">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boone_County,_Illinois" title="Boone County, Illinois">Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_County,_Illinois" title="Brown County, Illinois">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_County,_Illinois" title="Bureau County, Illinois">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calhoun_County,_Illinois" title="Calhoun County, Illinois">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Illinois" title="Carroll County, Illinois">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cass_County,_Illinois" title="Cass County, Illinois">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaign_County,_Illinois" title="Champaign County, Illinois">Champaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_County,_Illinois" title="Christian County, Illinois">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Illinois" title="Clark County, Illinois">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Illinois" title="Clay County, Illinois">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_Illinois" title="Clinton County, Illinois">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coles_County,_Illinois" title="Coles County, Illinois">Coles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Illinois" title="Crawford County, Illinois">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Illinois" title="Cumberland County, Illinois">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeKalb_County,_Illinois" title="DeKalb County, Illinois">DeKalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_County,_Illinois" title="DeWitt County, Illinois">DeWitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Illinois" title="Douglas County, Illinois">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DuPage_County,_Illinois" title="DuPage County, Illinois">DuPage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_County,_Illinois" title="Edgar County, Illinois">Edgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_County,_Illinois" title="Edwards County, Illinois">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effingham_County,_Illinois" title="Effingham County, Illinois">Effingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Illinois" title="Fayette County, Illinois">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_County,_Illinois" title="Ford County, Illinois">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Illinois" title="Franklin County, Illinois">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_Illinois" title="Fulton County, Illinois">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallatin_County,_Illinois" title="Gallatin County, Illinois">Gallatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Illinois" title="Greene County, Illinois">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grundy_County,_Illinois" title="Grundy County, Illinois">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Illinois" title="Hamilton County, Illinois">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_County,_Illinois" title="Hancock County, Illinois">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardin_County,_Illinois" title="Hardin County, Illinois">Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson_County,_Illinois" title="Henderson County, Illinois">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Illinois" title="Henry County, Illinois">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_County,_Illinois" title="Iroquois County, Illinois">Iroquois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Illinois" title="Jackson County, Illinois">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_Illinois" title="Jasper County, Illinois">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Illinois" title="Jefferson County, Illinois">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_County,_Illinois" title="Jersey County, Illinois">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Daviess_County,_Illinois" title="Jo Daviess County, Illinois">Jo Daviess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Illinois" title="Johnson County, Illinois">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kane_County,_Illinois" title="Kane County, Illinois">Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee_County,_Illinois" title="Kankakee County, Illinois">Kankakee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendall_County,_Illinois" title="Kendall County, Illinois">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Illinois" title="Knox County, Illinois">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Illinois" title="Lake County, Illinois">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_County,_Illinois" title="LaSalle County, Illinois">LaSalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_County,_Illinois" title="Lawrence County, Illinois">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_County,_Illinois" title="Lee County, Illinois">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston_County,_Illinois" title="Livingston County, Illinois">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_County,_Illinois" title="Logan County, Illinois">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macon_County,_Illinois" title="Macon County, Illinois">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macoupin_County,_Illinois" title="Macoupin County, Illinois">Macoupin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Illinois" title="Madison County, Illinois">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Illinois" title="Marion County, Illinois">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Illinois" title="Marshall County, Illinois">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_County,_Illinois" title="Mason County, Illinois">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massac_County,_Illinois" title="Massac County, Illinois">Massac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonough_County,_Illinois" title="McDonough County, Illinois">McDonough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McHenry_County,_Illinois" title="McHenry County, Illinois">McHenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLean_County,_Illinois" title="McLean County, Illinois">McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menard_County,_Illinois" title="Menard County, Illinois">Menard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_Illinois" title="Mercer County, Illinois">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Illinois" title="Monroe County, Illinois">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Illinois" title="Montgomery County, Illinois">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Illinois" title="Morgan County, Illinois">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moultrie_County,_Illinois" title="Moultrie County, Illinois">Moultrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogle_County,_Illinois" title="Ogle County, Illinois">Ogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria_County,_Illinois" title="Peoria County, Illinois">Peoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_County,_Illinois" title="Perry County, Illinois">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piatt_County,_Illinois" title="Piatt County, Illinois">Piatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Illinois" title="Pike County, Illinois">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_County,_Illinois" title="Pope County, Illinois">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Illinois" title="Pulaski County, Illinois">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putnam_County,_Illinois" title="Putnam County, Illinois">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_County,_Illinois" title="Randolph County, Illinois">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richland_County,_Illinois" title="Richland County, Illinois">Richland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Island_County,_Illinois" title="Rock Island County, Illinois">Rock Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saline_County,_Illinois" title="Saline County, Illinois">Saline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Sangamon County, Illinois">Sangamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuyler_County,_Illinois" title="Schuyler County, Illinois">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Illinois" title="Scott County, Illinois">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Illinois" title="Shelby County, Illinois">Shelby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_County,_Illinois" title="St. Clair County, Illinois">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stark_County,_Illinois" title="Stark County, Illinois">Stark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephenson_County,_Illinois" title="Stephenson County, Illinois">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazewell_County,_Illinois" title="Tazewell County, Illinois">Tazewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Illinois" title="Union County, Illinois">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermilion_County,_Illinois" title="Vermilion County, Illinois">Vermilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabash_County,_Illinois" title="Wabash County, Illinois">Wabash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Illinois" title="Warren County, Illinois">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Illinois" title="Washington County, Illinois">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Illinois" title="Wayne County, Illinois">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_County,_Illinois" title="White County, Illinois">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteside_County,_Illinois" title="Whiteside County, Illinois">Whiteside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_County,_Illinois" title="Will County, Illinois">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamson_County,_Illinois" title="Williamson County, Illinois">Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnebago_County,_Illinois" title="Winnebago County, Illinois">Winnebago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodford_County,_Illinois" title="Woodford County, Illinois">Woodford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/21px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/32px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/42px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Illinois" title="Portal:Illinois">Illinois portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> 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