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height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Rantai+makanan" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Rantai+makanan" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Rantai+makanan" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Rantai+makanan" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rantai makanan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 71 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voedselketting" title="Voedselketting – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Voedselketting" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سلسلة غذائية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلسلة غذائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qida_z%C9%99nciri" title="Qida zənciri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qida zənciri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Хранителна верига – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хранителна верига" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B2" title="খাদ্যশৃঙ্খল – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খাদ্যশৃঙ্খল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadena_tr%C3%B2fica" title="Cadena tròfica – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cadena tròfica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%88" title="زنجیرەی بژیو – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زنجیرەی بژیو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potravn%C3%AD_%C5%99et%C4%9Bzec" title="Potravní řetězec – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Potravní řetězec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B4dny_li%C5%84cuch" title="Jôdny lińcuch – Kashubia" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Jôdny lińcuch" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwyn_fwyd" title="Cadwyn fwyd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cadwyn fwyd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B8dek%C3%A6de" title="Fødekæde – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fødekæde" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahrungskette" title="Nahrungskette – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nahrungskette" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A7%DE%84%DE%AF%DE%8C%DE%A6%DE%86%DE%AC%DE%8C%DE%A9%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ކާބޯތަކެތީގެ އަންބަލަން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކާބޯތަކެތީގެ އަންބަލަން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Τροφική αλυσίδα – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τροφική αλυσίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chain" title="Food chain – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Food chain" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%C4%9Do%C4%89eno" title="Manĝoĉeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Manĝoĉeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadena_tr%C3%B3fica" title="Cadena trófica – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cadena trófica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toitumisahel" title="Toitumisahel – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Toitumisahel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_trofiko" title="Kate trofiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kate trofiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%BA%D8%B0%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زنجیره غذایی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زنجیره غذایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravintoketju" title="Ravintoketju – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ravintoketju" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha%C3%AEne_alimentaire" title="Chaîne alimentaire – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chaîne alimentaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biashlabhra" title="Biashlabhra – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Biashlabhra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadea_tr%C3%B3fica" title="Cadea trófica – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cadea trófica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="खाद्य शृंखला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खाद्य शृंखला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hranidbeni_lanac" title="Hranidbeni lanac – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hranidbeni lanac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1pl%C3%A1l%C3%A9kl%C3%A1nc" title="Tápláléklánc – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tápláléklánc" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սննդային կապեր – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սննդային կապեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nri_yinye" title="Nri yinye – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nri yinye" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutriva_kateno" title="Nutriva kateno – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nutriva kateno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A6%C3%B0uke%C3%B0ja" title="Fæðukeðja – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fæðukeðja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catena_alimentare" title="Catena alimentare – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Catena alimentare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%80%A3%E9%8E%96" title="食物連鎖 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="食物連鎖" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%AD%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="კვების ჯაჭვი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კვების ჯაჭვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Қоректік тізбек – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қоректік тізбек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%BF" title="ಆಹಾರ ಸರಪಳಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಹಾರ ಸರಪಳಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A8%B9%EC%9D%B4_%EC%82%AC%EC%8A%AC" title="먹이 사슬 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="먹이 사슬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Трофикалык чынжырлар – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Трофикалык чынжырлар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitybos_grandin%C4%97" title="Mitybos grandinė – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mitybos grandinė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar%C4%ABbas_%C4%B7%C4%93de" title="Barības ķēde – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Barības ķēde" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ланец на исхрана – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ланец на исхрана" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%B2" title="ആഹാരശൃഖല – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആഹാരശൃഖല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%80" title="अन्नसाखळी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अन्नसाखळी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rantai_makanan" title="Rantai makanan – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rantai makanan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="အစာကွင်းဆက် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အစာကွင်းဆက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voedselketen" title="Voedselketen – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Voedselketen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6ringskjede" title="Næringskjede – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Næringskjede" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6ringskjede" title="Næringskjede – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Næringskjede" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80" title="ਖੁਰਾਕ ਲੜੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖੁਰਾਕ ਲੜੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81a%C5%84cuch_pokarmowy" title="Łańcuch pokarmowy – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łańcuch pokarmowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadeia_alimentar" title="Cadeia alimentar – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cadeia alimentar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lan%C8%9B_trofic" title="Lanț trofic – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lanț trofic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%8C" title="Пищевая цепь – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пищевая цепь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catina_alimintari" title="Catina alimintari – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Catina alimintari" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hranidbeni_lanac" title="Hranidbeni lanac – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hranidbeni lanac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chain" title="Food chain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Food chain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potravov%C3%BD_re%C5%A5azec" title="Potravový reťazec – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Potravový reťazec" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehranjevalna_veriga" title="Prehranjevalna veriga – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prehranjevalna veriga" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinxhiri_ushqimor" title="Zinxhiri ushqimor – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zinxhiri ushqimor" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Ланац исхране – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ланац исхране" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4ringskedja" title="Näringskedja – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Näringskedja" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtando_chakula" title="Mtando chakula – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mtando chakula" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="உணவுச் சங்கிலி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உணவுச் சங்கிலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81" title="ఆహారపు గొలుసు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆహారపు గొలుసు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="โซ่อาหาร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โซ่อาหาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besin_zinciri" title="Besin zinciri – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Besin zinciri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8E%D0%B3_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Ланцюг живлення – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ланцюг живлення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu%E1%BB%97i_th%E1%BB%A9c_%C4%83n" title="Chuỗi thức ăn – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chuỗi thức ăn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%93%BE" title="食物链 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="食物链" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%8F%88" title="食物鏈 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="食物鏈" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%8F%88" title="食物鏈 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="食物鏈" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159462#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Rantai_makanan" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Rantai_makanan" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rantai_makanan&oldid=25457525" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rantai_makanan&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" 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buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rantai_makanan&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rantai_makanan&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Food_chain" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159462" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Food_chain.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Food_chain.png/160px-Food_chain.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="455" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Food_chain.png/240px-Food_chain.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Food_chain.png/320px-Food_chain.png 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="2237" /></a><figcaption>Contoh rantai makanan di danau digambarkan berdasarkan tingkatan trofik suatu organisme di mana mangsa berada di bawah pemangsa. Dari bawah ke atas, <a href="/wiki/Udang" title="Udang">udang</a>, ikan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esox_lucius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esox lucius (halaman belum tersedia)">Esox lucius</a></i>, ikan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alburnus_alburnus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alburnus alburnus (halaman belum tersedia)">Alburnus alburnus</a></i>, ikan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perca (halaman belum tersedia)">Perca</a></i>, dan <a href="/wiki/Elang_tiram" title="Elang tiram">Elang tiram</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Rantai makanan</b> adalah suatu ekosistem makhluk hidup yaitu perpindahan energi <a href="/wiki/Makanan" title="Makanan">makanan</a> dari sumber daya tumbuhan melalui seri <a href="/wiki/Organisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisme">organisme</a> atau melalui jenjang makan di mana suatu organisme memakan satu sama lain untuk mendapatkan energi dan nutrisi dari organisme yang dimakan. Rantai makanan merupakan bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Jaring-jaring_makanan" title="Jaring-jaring makanan">jaring-jaring makanan</a>, di mana rantai makanan bergerak secara linear dari produsen ke konsumen teratas.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Panjang rantai makanan ditentukan dari seberapa banyak titik yang menghubungkan antar tingkatan trofik.<sup id="cite_ref-Briand87_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briand87-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Post00_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Post00-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada setiap tahap pemindahan energi, 80%–90% <a href="/wiki/Energi_potensial" title="Energi potensial">energi potensial</a> kimia hilang sebagai <a href="/wiki/Panas" title="Panas">panas</a>, karena itu langkah-langkah dalam rantai makanan umumnya terbatas 4-5 langkah saja. Dengan kata lain, semakin pendek rantai makanan semakin besar pula energi yang tersedia pada setiap suksesi level.<sup id="cite_ref-Vander99_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vander99-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rantai makanan pertama kali diteliti oleh ilmuwan Arab <a href="/wiki/Al-Jahiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Jahiz">Al-Jahiz</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-9" class="mw-redirect" title="Abad ke-9">abad ke-9</a>, yang lalu dipopulerkan kembali oleh <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sutherland_Elton" class="extiw" title="en:Charles Sutherland Elton">Charles Sutherland Elton</a> pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Elton27_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elton27-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Allesina08_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allesina08-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Egerton07_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Egerton07-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam rantai makanan terdapat tiga macam "rantai" pokok yang menghubungkan antar tingkatan trofik, yaitu </p> <ol><li>Rantai pemangsa, yaitu rantai makanan yang terjadi ketika hewan pemakan tumbuhan dimakan oleh hewan pemakan daging. contoh: kelinci-ular-elang.</li> <li>Rantai saprofit, yaitu rantai makanan yang terjadi untuk mengurai organisme yang sudah mati. Rantai ini muncul karena adanya dekomposer. contoh: elang mati-bakteri.</li> <li>Rantai parasit, yaitu rantai makanan yang terjadi karena terdapat organisme yang dirugikan. contoh: pohon besar-benalu, manusia-kutu.</li></ol> <p>Ada dua tipe dasar rantai makanan: </p> <ol><li>Rantai makanan rerumputan (<i>grazing food chain</i>), yaitu rantai makanan yang diawali dari tumbuhan pada trofik awalnya. Contohnya: rumput - belalang - tikus - ular.</li> <li>Rantai makanan sisa/detritus (<i>detritus food chain</i>), yaitu rantai makanan yang tidak dimulai dari tumbuhan, tetapi dimulai dari <a href="/wiki/Detritivor" title="Detritivor">detritivor</a>. Contohnya: serpihan daun - cacing tanah - ayam - manusia.</li></ol> <p>Pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunitas_laut_dalam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komunitas laut dalam (halaman belum tersedia)">komunitas laut dalam</a>, banyak organisme yang hidup dari runtuhan materi organik ("<a href="/wiki/Salju_lautan" class="mw-redirect" title="Salju lautan">salju lautan</a>") yang merupakan akumulasi feses dan/atau sisa tubuh hewan yang hidup di dekat permukaan laut. Rantai makanan di tempat tersebut umumnya relatif pendek. </p><p>Pada ekosistem yang unik, misal di <a href="/wiki/Ventilasi_hidrotermal" title="Ventilasi hidrotermal">ventilasi hidrotermal</a>, produsen merupakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakteri_kemosintetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakteri kemosintetik (halaman belum tersedia)">bakteri kemosintetik</a> yang mampu mengubah <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_sulfida" title="Hidrogen sulfida">hidrogen sulfida</a> menjadi energi kimia dan bersimbiosis dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cacing_tabung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cacing tabung (halaman belum tersedia)">cacing tabung</a>. Cacing lalu dimakan <a href="/wiki/Kepiting" title="Kepiting">kepiting</a> yang kemudian dimakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Gurita" title="Gurita">gurita</a>. </p><p>Secara umum, rantai makanan berperan penting dalam analisis kesehatan ekologi. Akumulasi polutan dan dampaknya pada hewan dapat ditelusuri melalui rantai makanan di dalam ekologi.<sup id="cite_ref-Odum05_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Odum05-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selain dari konsep rantai makanan, ada juga yang dikenal sebagai jaring-jaring makanan. Berikut adalah beberapa perbedaan antara rantai makanan dan jaring-jaring makanan:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Rantai makanan merujuk pada urutan dan arah tertentu dalam proses makan dan dimakan. Sementara itu, jaring-jaring makanan merupakan kumpulan rantai makanan yang saling terhubung satu sama lain.</li> <li>Dalam rantai makanan, organisme biasanya hanya memakan satu jenis organisme lain. Namun, dalam jaring-jaring makanan, organisme dapat memakan lebih dari satu jenis organisme dan juga dapat dimakan oleh beberapa jenis pemangsa.</li> <li>Rantai makanan biasanya mengikuti alur yang hampir selalu berurutan. Sebaliknya, jaring-jaring makanan lebih kompleks karena melibatkan seluruh rantai makanan.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rantai_makanan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rantai_makanan&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mediatama, Grahanusa (2020-10-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifestyle.kontan.co.id/news/rantai-makanan-pengertian-dan-contoh-contoh-rantai-makanan">"Rantai makanan: Pengertian dan contoh-contoh rantai makanan"</a>. <i>PT. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-02-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Environmental+correlates+of+food+chain+length.&rft.issue=4829&rft.pages=956-960&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.3672136&rft.aulast=Briand&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Cohen%2C+J.+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspider.allegheny.edu%2Femployee%2FM%2Fmostrofs%2Fmywebfiles%2FBio330%2FBio330Readings%2Fbriand_and_cohen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARantai+makanan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Post00-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Post00_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Post, D. M.; Pace, M. L.; Haristis, A. M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/103/30/11211.full.pdf+html">"Parasites dominate food web links"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>103</b> (30): 11211–11216. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0604755103">10.1073/pnas.0604755103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Parasites+dominate+food+web+links&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=30&rft.pages=11211-11216&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0604755103&rft.aulast=Post&rft.aufirst=D.+M.&rft.au=Pace%2C+M.+L.&rft.au=Haristis%2C+A.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcontent%2F103%2F30%2F11211.full.pdf%2Bhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARantai+makanan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vander99-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vander99_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Vander Zanden, M. J.; B. J., Shuter; Lester, N.; Rasmussen, J. B. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050003/http://www.d.umn.edu/~thrabik/Vander%20Zanden%20et%20al.%201999.pdf">"Patterns of food chain length in lakes: A stable isotope study"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>The American Naturalist</i>. <b>154</b> (4): 406–416. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F303250">10.1086/303250</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.d.umn.edu/~thrabik/Vander%20Zanden%20et%20al.%201999.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-02-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+food+chain+length+in+lakes%3A+A+stable+isotope+study.&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=406-416&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F303250&rft.aulast=Vander+Zanden&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rft.au=B.+J.%2C+Shuter&rft.au=Lester%2C+N.&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+J.+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.d.umn.edu%2F~thrabik%2FVander%2520Zanden%2520et%2520al.%25201999.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARantai+makanan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elton27-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elton27_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Elton, C. S. 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London, UK.: Sidgwick and Jackson. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-226-20639-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-226-20639-4">0-226-20639-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+Ecology&rft.place=London%2C+UK.&rft.pub=Sidgwick+and+Jackson&rft.date=1927&rft.isbn=0-226-20639-4&rft.aulast=Elton&rft.aufirst=C.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fb32764212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARantai+makanan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allesina08-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allesina08_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Allesina, S.; Alonso, D.; Pascal, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928122643/http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/Secret/PlantGenome/General%20Model%20for%20Food%20WEb%20Structure.pdf">"A general model for food web structure"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>320</b> (5876): 658–661. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1156269">10.1126/science.1156269</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/Secret/PlantGenome/General%20Model%20for%20Food%20WEb%20Structure.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2011-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-02-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=A+general+model+for+food+web+structure.&rft.volume=320&rft.issue=5876&rft.pages=658-661&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1156269&rft.aulast=Allesina&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Alonso%2C+D.&rft.au=Pascal%2C+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcas.bellarmine.edu%2Ftietjen%2FSecret%2FPlantGenome%2FGeneral%2520Model%2520for%2520Food%2520WEb%2520Structure.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARantai+makanan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Egerton07-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Egerton07_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Egerton, F. N. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esajournals.org/doi/full/10.1890/0012-9623(2007)88%5B50%3AUFCAFW%5D2.0.CO%3B2">"Understanding food chains and food webs, 1700-1970"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America</i>. <b>88</b>: 50–69. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1890%2F0012-9623%282007%2988%5B50%3AUFCAFW%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1890/0012-9623(2007)88[50:UFCAFW]2.0.CO;2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Understanding+food+chains+and+food+webs%2C+1700-1970&rft.volume=88&rft.pages=50-69&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1890%2F0012-9623%282007%2988%5B50%3AUFCAFW%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft.aulast=Egerton&rft.aufirst=F.+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esajournals.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1890%2F0012-9623%282007%2988%255B50%253AUFCAFW%255D2.0.CO%253B2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARantai+makanan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak November 2022">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Odum05-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Odum05_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Odum, E. P.; Barrett, G. W. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613124805/https://www.cengage.com/"><i>Fundamentals of ecology</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cengage_Learning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cengage Learning (halaman belum tersedia)">Brooks/Cole</a>. hlm. 598. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-534-42066-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-534-42066-6">978-0-534-42066-6</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cengage.com/search/totalsearchresults.do?N=16&image.x=0&image.y=0&keyword_all=fundamentals+of+ecology">versi asli</a> tanggal 2020-06-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2015-03-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+ecology&rft.pages=598&rft.pub=Brooks%2FCole&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-534-42066-6&rft.aulast=Odum&rft.aufirst=E.+P.&rft.au=Barrett%2C+G.+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cengage.com%2Fsearch%2Ftotalsearchresults.do%3FN%3D16%26image.x%3D0%26image.y%3D0%26keyword_all%3Dfundamentals%2Bof%2Becology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARantai+makanan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wardhani, Siti Pramitha Retno (2019). <i>Intisari Biologi Dasar</i>. Yogyakarta: Diandra Kreatif. hlm. 203–204. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-336-888-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-336-888-4">978-602-336-888-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intisari+Biologi+Dasar&rft.place=Yogyakarta&rft.pages=203-204&rft.pub=Diandra+Kreatif&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-602-336-888-4&rft.aulast=Wardhani&rft.aufirst=Siti+Pramitha+Retno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARantai+makanan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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