CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Boulder, Colorado - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"603d650e-2d7e-4aca-b751-376636757b7c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Boulder,_Colorado","wgTitle":"Boulder, Colorado","wgCurRevisionId":1258537910,"wgRevisionId":1258537910,"wgArticleId":94341,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","CS1 maint: unfit URL","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use mdy dates from May 2024","Use American English from December 2022","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Short description is different from Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020", "Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022","Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2019","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles needing additional references from December 2022","All articles needing additional references","Boulder, Colorado","Cities in Boulder County, Colorado","Cities in Colorado","County seats in Colorado","Populated places established in 1858"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Boulder,_Colorado","wgRelevantArticleId":94341,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en", "pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":40.015,"lon":-105.27055555555556},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q192517","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready", "user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns", "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Pearl_Street_Mall.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Pearl_Street_Mall.jpg/800px-Pearl_Street_Mall.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Pearl_Street_Mall.jpg/640px-Pearl_Street_Mall.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Boulder, Colorado - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Boulder_Colorado rootpage-Boulder_Colorado skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Boulder%2C+Colorado" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Boulder%2C+Colorado" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Boulder%2C+Colorado" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Boulder%2C+Colorado" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Housing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wildlife_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wildlife_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Wildlife protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wildlife_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>2020 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Top_employers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Top_employers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Top employers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Top_employers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Arts and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arts and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bolder_Boulder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolder_Boulder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bolder Boulder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolder_Boulder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conference_on_World_Affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conference_on_World_Affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Conference on World Affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conference_on_World_Affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-eTown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#eTown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span><i>eTown</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-eTown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polar_Bear_Plunge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polar_Bear_Plunge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Polar Bear Plunge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polar_Bear_Plunge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naked_Pumpkin_Run" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naked_Pumpkin_Run"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Naked Pumpkin Run</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naked_Pumpkin_Run-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-420" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#420"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>420</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-420-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boulder_Cruiser_Ride" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boulder_Cruiser_Ride"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Boulder Cruiser Ride</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boulder_Cruiser_Ride-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Parks and recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Public schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charter_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charter_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Charter schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charter_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Private schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_institutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_institutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Science institutes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_institutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bus_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.1</span> <span>Bus service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railroads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railroads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.2</span> <span>Railroads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railroads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Future_transit_plans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_transit_plans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.2.1</span> <span>Future transit plans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_transit_plans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.3</span> <span>Cycling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.4</span> <span>Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Boulder, Colorado</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Boulder, Colorado" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Boulder" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1_(%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88)" title="بولدر (كولورادو) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بولدر (كولورادو)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88" title="بولدر، کولورادو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بولدر، کولورادو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(Colorado)" title="Boulder (Colorado) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Boulder (Colorado)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Боўлдэр (Каларада) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Боўлдэр (Каларада)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Боулдър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Боулдър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(Colorado)" title="Boulder (Colorado) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Boulder (Colorado)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(Colorado)" title="Boulder (Colorado) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Boulder (Colorado)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(kapital_sa_kondado_sa_Tinipong_Bansa,_Colorado)" title="Boulder (kapital sa kondado sa Tinipong Bansa, Colorado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Boulder (kapital sa kondado sa Tinipong Bansa, Colorado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(Colorado)" title="Boulder (Colorado) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Boulder (Colorado)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Boulder, Colorado" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Boulder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(Colorado)" title="Boulder (Colorado) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Boulder (Colorado)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Boulder" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Boulder" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(Koloradio)" title="Boulder (Koloradio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Boulder (Koloradio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(Colorado)" title="Boulder (Colorado) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Boulder (Colorado)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1_(%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88)" title="بولدر (کلرادو) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بولدر (کلرادو)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Boulder" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Boulder" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Boulder, Colorado" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Boulder, Colorado" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Boulder, Colorado" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8A%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1_(%DA%A9%D8%A4%D9%84%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A4)" title="بۊلدر (کؤلؤرادؤ) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="بۊلدر (کؤلؤرادؤ)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%EB%8D%94_(%EC%BD%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%9D%BC%EB%8F%84%EC%A3%BC)" title="볼더 (콜로라도주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="볼더 (콜로라도주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80_(%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%B8)" title="Բոուլդեր (Կոլորադո) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բոուլդեր (Կոլորադո)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Boulder, Colorado" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE)" title="Боулдер (Колорадо) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Боулдер (Колорадо)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(Colorado)" title="Boulder (Colorado) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Boulder (Colorado)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%A8" title="בולדר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בולדר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE)" title="Боулдер (Колорадо) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Боулдер (Колорадо)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Kolorado" title="Boulder, Kolorado – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Boulder, Kolorado" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Boulder, Colorado" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Kolorado" title="Boulder, Kolorado – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Boulder, Kolorado" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE)" title="Боулдер (Колорадо) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Боулдер (Колорадо)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE)" title="Боулдер (Колорадо) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Боулдер (Колорадо)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Boulder" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(Coloratum)" title="Boulder (Coloratum) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Boulder (Coloratum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldera" title="Boldera – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Boldera" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulderis" title="Boulderis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Boulderis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(Colorado)" title="Boulder (Colorado) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Boulder (Colorado)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Boulder, Colorado" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B)" title="बोल्डर (कॉलोराडो) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बोल्डर (कॉलोराडो)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1,_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88" title="بولدر, كولورادو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بولدر, كولورادو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1_(%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88)" title="بولدر (کلرادو) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بولدر (کلرادو)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(Colorado)" title="Boulder (Colorado) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boulder (Colorado)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0,_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="बाउल्डर, कोलोर्याडो – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बाउल्डर, कोलोर्याडो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AB%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC_(%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A9%E3%83%89%E5%B7%9E)" title="ボルダー (コロラド州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボルダー (コロラド州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE)" title="Боулдер (Колорадо) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Боулдер (Колорадо)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(Colorado)" title="Boulder (Colorado) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Boulder (Colorado)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Boulder" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(Colorado)" title="Boulder (Colorado) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Boulder (Colorado)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(Colorado)" title="Boulder (Colorado) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Boulder (Colorado)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Boulder" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(Colorado)" title="Boulder (Colorado) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Boulder (Colorado)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Boulder, Colorado" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE)" title="Боулдер (Колорадо) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Боулдер (Колорадо)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Boulder, Colorado" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%DA%B5%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1" title="بۆڵدەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆڵدەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE)" title="Болдер (Колорадо) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Болдер (Колорадо)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Boulder, Colorado" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Boulder" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Boulder" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Боулдер – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Боулдер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="โบลเดอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โบลเดอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Boulder, Colorado" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE)" title="Боулдер (Колорадо) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Боулдер (Колорадо)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DA%88%D8%B1%D8%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%88%D9%88" title="بولڈر، کولوراڈو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بولڈر، کولوراڈو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Boulder, Colorado" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_(Colorado)" title="Boulder (Colorado) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Boulder (Colorado)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Boulder, Colorado" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%EF%BC%88%E7%A7%91%E7%BD%97%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%89" title="博尔德（科罗拉多州） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="博尔德（科罗拉多州）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7_(%E7%A7%91%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%B7%9E)" title="博爾德 (科羅拉多州) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="博爾德 (科羅拉多州)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Boulder" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192517#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Boulder,_Colorado" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Boulder,_Colorado" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Boulder,_Colorado" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&oldid=1258537910" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Boulder%2C_Colorado&id=1258537910&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoulder%2C_Colorado"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoulder%2C_Colorado"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Boulder%2C_Colorado&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Boulder,_Colorado" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Boulder" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192517" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Boulder,_Colorado&params=40_00_54_N_105_16_14_W_region:US-CO_type:city(108250)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°00′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">105°16′14″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.01500°N 105.27056°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.01500; -105.27056</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Colorado, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Boulder_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Boulder (disambiguation)">Boulder (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Home rule city in Colorado, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Boulder</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado#Home_rule_municipality" title="List of municipalities in Colorado">Home rule city</a><sup id="cite_ref-COMun_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COMun-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pearl_Street_Mall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pearl Street Mall in downtown Boulder"><img alt="Pearl Street Mall in downtown Boulder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Pearl_Street_Mall.jpg/250px-Pearl_Street_Mall.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Pearl_Street_Mall.jpg/375px-Pearl_Street_Mall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Pearl_Street_Mall.jpg/500px-Pearl_Street_Mall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Street_Mall" title="Pearl Street Mall">Pearl Street Mall</a> in downtown Boulder</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boulder,_Colorado_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Boulder"><img alt="Official seal of Boulder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Boulder%2C_Colorado_logo.svg/100px-Boulder%2C_Colorado_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Boulder%2C_Colorado_logo.svg/150px-Boulder%2C_Colorado_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Boulder%2C_Colorado_logo.svg/200px-Boulder%2C_Colorado_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="74" data-file-height="74" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boulder_County_Colorado_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Boulder_Highlighted_0807850.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Boulder in Boulder County, Colorado"><img alt="Location of Boulder in Boulder County, Colorado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Boulder_County_Colorado_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Boulder_Highlighted_0807850.svg/250px-Boulder_County_Colorado_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Boulder_Highlighted_0807850.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Boulder_County_Colorado_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Boulder_Highlighted_0807850.svg/375px-Boulder_County_Colorado_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Boulder_Highlighted_0807850.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Boulder_County_Colorado_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Boulder_Highlighted_0807850.svg/500px-Boulder_County_Colorado_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Boulder_Highlighted_0807850.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="502" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Boulder in <a href="/wiki/Boulder_County,_Colorado" title="Boulder County, Colorado">Boulder County, Colorado</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Colorado_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boulder is located in Colorado"><img alt="Boulder is located in Colorado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/USA_Colorado_relief_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Colorado_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/USA_Colorado_relief_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Colorado_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/USA_Colorado_relief_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Colorado_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="783" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.932%;left:53.726%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Boulder"><img alt="Boulder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Boulder</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Boulder in Colorado</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Colorado</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Boulder is located in the United States"><img alt="Boulder is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.489%;left:34.692%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Boulder"><img alt="Boulder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Boulder</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Boulder in the <span class="nowrap">United States</span></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Boulder,_Colorado&params=40_00_54_N_105_16_14_W_region:US-CO_type:city(108250)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°00′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">105°16′14″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.01500°N 105.27056°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.01500; -105.27056</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-gnis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Colorado" title="List of counties in Colorado">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boulder_County,_Colorado" title="Boulder County, Colorado">Boulder</a><sup id="cite_ref-COMun_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COMun-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled</th><td class="infobox-data">1858 as Boulder City, <a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Territory" title="Nebraska Territory">N.T.</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Incorporated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">November 4, 1871<sup id="cite_ref-MuniIncCO_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MuniIncCO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colorado_municipalities#Home_rule_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado municipalities">Home rule municipality</a><sup id="cite_ref-COMun_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COMun-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Aaron Brockett (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (U.S.)">D</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_Pro_Tem" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor Pro Tem">Mayor Pro Tem</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Nicole Speer<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2020_Census_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020_Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado#Home_rule_municipality" title="List of municipalities in Colorado">Home rule city</a><sup id="cite_ref-COMun_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COMun-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">27.366 sq mi (70.877 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">26.328 sq mi (68.188 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">1.038 sq mi (2.689 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-gnis_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,269 ft (1,606 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2020_Census_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020_Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado#Home_rule_municipality" title="List of municipalities in Colorado">Home rule city</a><sup id="cite_ref-COMun_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COMun-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">108,250</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado" title="List of municipalities in Colorado">12th</a> in Colorado<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">289th</a> in United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,112/sq mi (1,588/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">330,758 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan statistical areas">155th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Denver-Aurora,_CO_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver-Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area">CSA</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,623,560 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_primary_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of primary statistical areas">17th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Front_Range_Urban_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Front Range Urban Corridor">Front Range</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,055,344</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Boulderite</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro</th><td class="infobox-data">$35.608 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9207:00" title="UTC−07:00">UTC−07:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">MST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC−06:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">MDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a><sup id="cite_ref-ZIPcode_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZIPcode-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">80301-80310, 80314, 80321-80323, 80328, 80329</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_303" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 303">303</a> and <a href="/wiki/Area_code_720" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 720">720</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/FIPS_code" class="mw-redirect" title="FIPS code">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">08-07850</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/GNIS" class="mw-redirect" title="GNIS">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">2409883<sup id="cite_ref-gnis_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/">bouldercolorado<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Boulder</b> is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado#Home_rule_municipality" title="List of municipalities in Colorado">home rule city</a> in and the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Boulder_County,_Colorado" title="Boulder County, Colorado">Boulder County, Colorado</a>, United States.<sup id="cite_ref-COMun_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COMun-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a population of 108,250 at the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>, it is the most populous city in the county and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado" title="List of municipalities in Colorado">12th-most populous city</a> in Colorado.<sup id="cite_ref-2020_Census_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020_Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boulder is the principal city of the Boulder <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">metropolitan statistical area</a>, which had 330,758 residents in 2020, and is part of the <a href="/wiki/Front_Range_Urban_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Front Range Urban Corridor">Front Range Urban Corridor</a>. </p><p>Boulder is located at the base of the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a>, at an elevation of 5,430 feet (1,655 m) above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-GR6_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is 25 miles (40 km) northwest of the Colorado state capital of <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>. Boulder is a <a href="/wiki/College_town" title="College town">college town</a>, hosting the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder" title="University of Colorado Boulder">University of Colorado Boulder</a>, the flagship and largest campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado" title="University of Colorado">University of Colorado</a> system as well as numerous <a href="/wiki/Research_institute" title="Research institute">research institutes</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Boulder,_Colorado" title="Timeline of Boulder, Colorado">Timeline of Boulder, Colorado</a>.</div> <p>Archaeological evidence shows that Boulder Valley has been continuously inhabited by Native American tribes for over 13,000 years, beginning in the late Pleistocene era. Throughout the Paleo-Indian, Archaic, and Late Prehistoric periods, Indigenous peoples moved seasonally between the mountains and plains, taking shelter in winter along the Front Range trough where Boulder now lies. By the 1500s, the area was occupied by Ute tribes, joined by Arapaho tribes in the early 1800s.<sup id="cite_ref-COEncyclopedia_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COEncyclopedia-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Indigenous Nations who have ties to the Boulder Valley include the <a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arapaho" title="Arapaho">Arapaho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pawnee_people" title="Pawnee people">Pawnee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shoshone" title="Shoshone">Shoshone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ute_people" title="Ute people">Ute</a> peoples. In the 1800s, Euro-American settlers colonized the area.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern Boulder was founded in late 1858 when prospectors led by Thomas Aikins arrived at Boulder Canyon during the Colorado Gold Rush. Arapaho leader Niwot allowed them to stay for the winter, but the settlers abused this peaceful approach, and some later took part in the <a href="/wiki/Sand_Creek_massacre" title="Sand Creek massacre">Sand Creek massacre</a> of Arapaho.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 1859, gold was discovered along Boulder Creek, drawing more miners and merchants to the area. The Boulder City Town Company was formed in February 1859 to establish a settlement at the canyon mouth. By 1860, it had 70 cabins, occupied mainly by Anglo families. Non-whites like Chinese miners and black residents were part of early Boulder but rarely pictured.<sup id="cite_ref-COEncyclopedia_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COEncyclopedia-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1861, Boulder County was created, and the Arapaho were forced to relocate per the Treaty of Fort Wise. With declining numbers, Niwot's band soon moved to the Cheyenne-Arapaho Reservation. By 1862, the creek had yielded $100,000 in gold, and Boulder's population exceeded 300. </p><p>On November 7, 1861, the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_General_Assembly" title="Colorado General Assembly">Colorado General Assembly</a> passed legislation to locate the University of Colorado in Boulder.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 20, 1875, the first cornerstone was laid for the first building (Old Main) on the CU campus. The university officially opened on September 5, 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1907, Boulder adopted an anti-<a href="/wiki/Western_saloon" title="Western saloon">saloon</a> ordinance.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1916, statewide <a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">prohibition</a> started in Colorado, and ended with the repeal of national prohibition in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:708px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boulder,_Colorado,_ca._1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boulder in 1900"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Boulder%2C_Colorado%2C_ca._1900.jpg/700px-Boulder%2C_Colorado%2C_ca._1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Boulder%2C_Colorado%2C_ca._1900.jpg/1050px-Boulder%2C_Colorado%2C_ca._1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Boulder%2C_Colorado%2C_ca._1900.jpg/1400px-Boulder%2C_Colorado%2C_ca._1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5427" data-file-height="1525" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Boulder,_Colorado,_ca._1900.jpg" title="File:Boulder, Colorado, ca. 1900.jpg"> </a></div>Boulder in 1900</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing">Housing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Housing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Median home prices rose 60% from 2010 to 2015 to $648,200.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT7316_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT7316-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, the City Council of Boulder repealed a long-standing law that prevented Boulder from increasing new residential units by more than 1% in a year.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1959, city voters approved the "Blue Line" city-charter amendment, which restricted city water service to altitudes below 5,750 feet (1,750 m), to protect the mountain backdrop from development. In 1967, city voters approved a dedicated sales tax to acquire open space to contain <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>. In 1970, Boulder created a "comprehensive plan" to dictate future zoning, transportation, and urban planning decisions. Hoping to preserve residents' views of the mountains, in 1972, the city enacted an ordinance limiting the height of newly constructed buildings. In 1974, a Historic Preservation Code was passed. In 1976, a <i>residential-growth management</i> ordinance, the Danish Plan, was passed.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-boulder1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boulder1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flatirons_Winter_Sunrise_edit_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flatirons_Winter_Sunrise_edit_2.jpg/280px-Flatirons_Winter_Sunrise_edit_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flatirons_Winter_Sunrise_edit_2.jpg/420px-Flatirons_Winter_Sunrise_edit_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flatirons_Winter_Sunrise_edit_2.jpg/560px-Flatirons_Winter_Sunrise_edit_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3004" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption>Boulder's rock formations, the <a href="/wiki/Flatirons" title="Flatirons">Flatirons</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Boulder is located in the Boulder Valley, where the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a> meet the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Flatirons" title="Flatirons">Flatirons</a>, slabs of sedimentary stone tilted up on the foothills, are located west of the city and are a widely recognized symbol of Boulder.<sup id="cite_ref-Reilly-McNellan_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reilly-McNellan-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Creek_(Colorado)" title="Boulder Creek (Colorado)">Boulder Creek</a> is the primary flow of water through Boulder. The creek was named before the city's founding for all of the large granite boulders that have cascaded into the creek over the eons.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is from Boulder Creek that the city is believed to have taken its name.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Boulder Creek has significant water flow, derived primarily from snow melt and minor springs west of the city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The creek flows into <a href="/wiki/St._Vrain_Creek" title="St. Vrain Creek">St. Vrain Creek</a> east of <a href="/wiki/Longmont" class="mw-redirect" title="Longmont">Longmont</a>, which is a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/South_Platte_River" title="South Platte River">South Platte River</a>. </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020 United States Census</a>, the city had a total area of 17,514 acres (70.877 km<sup>2</sup>), including 664 acres (2.689 km<sup>2</sup>) of water.<sup id="cite_ref-2020_Census_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020_Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/40th_parallel_north" title="40th parallel north">40th parallel</a>, 40 degrees north latitude, runs through Boulder and can be easily recognized as <a href="/wiki/Baseline_Road_(Colorado)" title="Baseline Road (Colorado)">Baseline Road</a> today. </p><p>Boulder lies in a wide basin beneath <a href="/wiki/Flagstaff_Mountain,_Boulder,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagstaff Mountain, Boulder, Colorado">Flagstaff Mountain</a> just a few miles east of the continental divide and about 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Denver. Arapahoe Glacier provides water for the city, along with Boulder Creek, which flows through the center of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Denver_International_Airport" title="Denver International Airport">Denver International Airport</a> is located 45 miles (72 km) southeast of Boulder.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1899, government preservation of open space around Boulder began, with the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the United States">Congress of the United States</a> approving the allocation of 1,800 acres (7.3 km<sup>2</sup>) of mountain backdrop/watershed extending from South Boulder Creek to Sunshine Canyon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wildlife_protection">Wildlife protection</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wildlife protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boulder has created an Urban Wildlife Management Plan which sets policies for managing and protecting urban wildlife.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's Parks and Recreation and Open Space and Mountain Parks departments have volunteers who monitor parks, including wetlands, lakes, etc., to protect ecosystems.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From time to time, parks and hiking trails are closed to conserve or restore ecosystems.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally, Boulder has avoided using chemical <a href="/wiki/Pesticides" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesticides">pesticides</a> to control the insect population. However, with the threat of <a href="/wiki/West_Nile_virus" title="West Nile virus">West Nile virus</a>, the city began an integrative plan<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to control the mosquito population in 2003 that includes chemical pesticides. Residents can opt out of the program by contacting the city and asking that their areas not be sprayed.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under Boulder law, exterminating <a href="/wiki/Prairie_dogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie dogs">prairie dogs</a> requires a permit.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, the city experimented with using goats for weed control in environmentally sensitive areas. Goats naturally consume diffuse <a href="/wiki/Knapweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Knapweed">knapweed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada_thistle" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada thistle">Canada thistle</a>, and although the program was not as effective as it was hoped, goats will still be considered in future weed control projects. In 2010, goats were used to keep weeds under control at the Boulder Reservoir.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's Open Space and Mountain Parks department manages approximately 8,000 acres (32 km<sup>2</sup>) of protected forest land west of the city, in accordance with a 1999 Forest Ecosystem Management Plan. The plan aims to maintain or enhance native plant and animal species, their communities, the ecological processes that sustain them and to reduce the wildfire risk to forest and human communities.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: none; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th> Boulder, Colorado </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: none; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.42164em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:6.8288888888889em;height:2.8333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6622222222222em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">47</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.3288888888889em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.50292em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:6.9177777777778em;height:2.8888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8066666666667em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">48</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.4177777777778em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.01092em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.6622222222222em;height:3.1111111111111em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.773333333333em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">57</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.1622222222222em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">29</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.5494em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:8.2733333333333em;height:3.1444444444444em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.417777777778em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">63</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.7733333333333em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">35</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.63068em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.1844444444444em;height:3.1777777777778em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.362222222222em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">71</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.6844444444444em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">43</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.9906em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.117777777778em;height:3.4888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.606666666667em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">83</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.6177777777778em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">51</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.92964em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.773333333333em;height:3.4444444444444em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.217777777778em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">88</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.2733333333333em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">57</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.85344em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.606666666667em;height:3.3888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.995555555556em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">86</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.1066666666667em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">56</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.06172em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.7844444444444em;height:3.4111111111111em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.195555555556em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">79</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.2844444444444em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">48</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.82296em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:8.5733333333333em;height:3.1888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.762222222222em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">66</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.0733333333333em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">37</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.59944em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.5622222222222em;height:2.9333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.495555555556em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">55</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.0622222222222em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">28</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.41148em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:6.7844444444444em;height:2.8em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.5844444444444em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">46</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.2844444444444em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">21</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">Source: NOAA</td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: none; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Metric conversion</th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.42164em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">21</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:6.8288888888889em;height:2.8333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6622222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.3288888888889em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">−6</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.50292em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">25</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:6.9177777777778em;height:2.8888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8066666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.4177777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">−5</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.01092em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">51</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.6622222222222em;height:3.1111111111111em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.773333333333em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">14</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.1622222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">−2</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.5494em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">77</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:8.2733333333333em;height:3.1444444444444em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.417777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.7733333333333em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">1</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.63068em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">82</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.1844444444444em;height:3.1777777777778em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.362222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.6844444444444em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">6</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.9906em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">50</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.117777777778em;height:3.4888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.606666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">28</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.6177777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.92964em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">46</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.773333333333em;height:3.4444444444444em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.217777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">31</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.2733333333333em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">14</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.85344em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">43</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.606666666667em;height:3.3888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.995555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">30</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.1066666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">13</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.06172em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">53</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.7844444444444em;height:3.4111111111111em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.195555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">26</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.2844444444444em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.82296em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">41</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:8.5733333333333em;height:3.1888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.762222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">19</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.0733333333333em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">3</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.59944em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">30</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.5622222222222em;height:2.9333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.495555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">13</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.0622222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">−2</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.41148em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">21</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:6.7844444444444em;height:2.8em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.5844444444444em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.2844444444444em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">−6</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Flatirons_in_autumn..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Flatirons_in_autumn..JPG/220px-The_Flatirons_in_autumn..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Flatirons_in_autumn..JPG/330px-The_Flatirons_in_autumn..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Flatirons_in_autumn..JPG/440px-The_Flatirons_in_autumn..JPG 2x" data-file-width="3457" data-file-height="2425" /></a><figcaption>Autumn in Boulder</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boulder_after_a_snowfall..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Boulder_after_a_snowfall..JPG/220px-Boulder_after_a_snowfall..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Boulder_after_a_snowfall..JPG/330px-Boulder_after_a_snowfall..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Boulder_after_a_snowfall..JPG/440px-Boulder_after_a_snowfall..JPG 2x" data-file-width="3534" data-file-height="2585" /></a><figcaption>Snowfall is common in Boulder throughout the winter.</figcaption></figure> <p>Boulder has a temperate climate typical for much of the state and receives many sunny or mostly sunny days each year. Boulder is considered <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-arid">semi-arid</a> (Köppen: <i>BSk</i>) or <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid subtropical">humid subtropical</a> (Köppen: <i>Cfa</i>) within the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> due to its relatively high yearly precipitation and average temperatures remaining above 32 °F (0 °C) year-round.<sup id="cite_ref-weather.gov_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weather.gov-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Western_Regional_Climate_Center_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Western_Regional_Climate_Center-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Winter conditions range from generally mild to the occasional bitterly cold. Highs average in the mid to upper 40s °F (7–9 °C). There are 4.6 nights annually where the temperature drops to 0 °F (−18 °C). Because of <a href="/wiki/Orographic_lift" title="Orographic lift">orographic lift</a>, the mountains to the west often dry out the air passing over the <a href="/wiki/Front_Range" title="Front Range">Front Range</a>, shielding the city from precipitation in winter, though heavy snowfalls may occur. Snowfall averages 88 inches (220 cm) per season. Snow depth is usually shallow. Due to the high elevation, a strong warming sun can quickly melt snow cover during the day and <a href="/wiki/Chinook_wind" title="Chinook wind">Chinook winds</a> bring rapid warm-ups throughout the winter months.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Summers are warm, with frequent afternoon thunderstorms. There are roughly 30 days of 90 °F (32 °C) or above each year.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Diurnal_temperature_variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Diurnal temperature variation">Diurnal temperature variation</a> is typically large due to the high elevation and semi-arid climate. Daytime highs are generally cooler than those of most Colorado cities with similar elevations. </p><p>The highest recorded temperature of 104 °F (40 °C) was on June 25, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The record low was −33 °F (−36 °C) on January 17, 1930. The coldest high temperature, −12 °F (−24 °C), was on February 4, 1989. The warmest overnight low was on July 20, 1998, with a temperature of 82 °F (28 °C)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Boulder, Colorado, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73<br />(23) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79<br />(26) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88<br />(31) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95<br />(35) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104<br />(40) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104<br />(40) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">102<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80<br />(27) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76<br />(24) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">104<br />(40) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.4<br />(18.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.4<br />(19.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.9<br />(23.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.5<br />(26.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.6<br />(30.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.2<br />(34.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.9<br />(36.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.3<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.5<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.1<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.8<br />(22.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.4<br />(18.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">98.5<br />(36.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.0<br />(8.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.3<br />(9.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.0<br />(13.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.8<br />(17.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.3<br />(21.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.5<br />(28.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.0<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.0<br />(30.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.8<br />(26.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.9<br />(18.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.5<br />(12.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.3<br />(7.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">65.7<br />(18.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.0<br />(6.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.7<br />(9.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.0<br />(13.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.8<br />(19.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.5<br />(22.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.7<br />(21.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.5<br />(17.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.6<br />(10.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.3<br />(5.2) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">51.5<br />(10.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(−5.8) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(−5.4) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(−1.7) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.7<br />(5.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.1<br />(10.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.0<br />(13.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.5<br />(13.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.1<br />(8.9) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(2.9) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(−2.2) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(−6.1) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.3<br />(2.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(−18.1) </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(−17.3) </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(−11.8) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(−7.0) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(−1.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.3<br />(5.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.0<br />(10.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.4<br />(8.6) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(−6.6) </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(−13.4) </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(−17.6) </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−7.5<br />(−21.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−33<br />(−36) </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−28<br />(−33) </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−13<br />(−25) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3<br />(−19) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(−8) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20<br />(−7) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40<br />(4) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40<br />(4) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15<br />(−9) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2<br />(−19) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−12<br />(−24) </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24<br />(−31) </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−33<br />(−36) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #DFFFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.83<br />(21) </td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.99<br />(25) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.99<br />(51) </td> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.05<br />(77) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.21<br />(82) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.95<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.83<br />(46) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.68<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.09<br />(53) </td> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.62<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.18<br />(30) </td> <td style="background: #DFFFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.81<br />(21) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.23<br />(540) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #00004D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(40) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(5.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(2.5) </td> <td style="background: #0000F1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(18) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(33) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(33) </td> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">92.8<br />(235.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(15) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(17) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(17) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(12) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(0.76) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(9.9) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(18) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(18) </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.9<br />(33) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">101.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Daytime" title="Daytime">daylight hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF69; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF64; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #F1F113; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #EDED09; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF39; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NOAA <sup id="cite_ref-National_Weather_Service_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Weather_Service-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weather Atlas (daylight)<sup id="cite_ref-WA_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WA-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Race_and_ethnicity_2020_Boulder,_CO.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Race_and_ethnicity_2020_Boulder%2C_CO.png/220px-Race_and_ethnicity_2020_Boulder%2C_CO.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Race_and_ethnicity_2020_Boulder%2C_CO.png/330px-Race_and_ethnicity_2020_Boulder%2C_CO.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Race_and_ethnicity_2020_Boulder%2C_CO.png/440px-Race_and_ethnicity_2020_Boulder%2C_CO.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2404" /></a><figcaption>A map of racial distribution in Boulder, 2020 US census. Each dot is one person: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:rgb(115, 178, 255);"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> White</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:rgb(159, 212, 0);"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Black</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Asian</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:rgb(255, 170, 0);"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Hispanic</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:rgb(140, 81, 181);"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Multiracial</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:rgb(153, 102, 51);"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Native American/other</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Boulder is the principal city of the <a href="/wiki/Boulder,_CO_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulder, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area">Boulder, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2020 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>343</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>3,069</td><td></td><td>794.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>3,330</td><td></td><td>8.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>6,150</td><td></td><td>84.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>9,539</td><td></td><td>55.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>11,006</td><td></td><td>15.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>11,223</td><td></td><td>2.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>12,958</td><td></td><td>15.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>19,999</td><td></td><td>54.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>37,718</td><td></td><td>88.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>66,870</td><td></td><td>77.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>76,685</td><td></td><td>14.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>83,312</td><td></td><td>8.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>94,673</td><td></td><td>13.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>97,385</td><td></td><td>2.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>108,250</td><td></td><td>11.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote"><a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">U.S. Decennial Census</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><b>Boulder, Colorado – Racial and ethnic composition</b><br /><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.</i></span></small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / ethnicity <small>(<i>NH = Non-Hispanic</i>)</small> </th> <th>Pop. 2000<sup id="cite_ref-2000CensusP004_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Pop. 2010<sup id="cite_ref-2010CensusP2_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop. 2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>79,721 </td> <td>80,873 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">82,700 </td> <td>84.21% </td> <td>83.04% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">76.40% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>1,085 </td> <td>828 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1,305 </td> <td>1.15% </td> <td>0.85% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1.21% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>363 </td> <td>297 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">394 </td> <td>0.38% </td> <td>0.30% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>3,772 </td> <td>4,558 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">6,934 </td> <td>3.98% </td> <td>4.68% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">6.41% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>46 </td> <td>60 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">122 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.11% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Some other race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>206 </td> <td>198 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">582 </td> <td>0.22% </td> <td>0.20% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.54% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed race or multi-racial</a> (NH) </td> <td>1,679 </td> <td>2,064 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">4,773 </td> <td>1.77% </td> <td>2.12% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">4.41% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>7,801 </td> <td>8,507 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">11,440 </td> <td>8.24% </td> <td>8.74% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">10.57% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>94,673</b> </td> <td><b>97,385</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>108,250</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>100.00%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the 2010 census, there were 97,385 people, 41,302 households, and 16,694 families in the city. The population density was 3,942.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,522.3/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 43,479 housing units at an average density of 1,760.3 units per square mile (679.7 units/km<sup>2</sup>). The <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">racial makeup</a> of the city was 88.0% White, 0.9% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 4.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.2% some other race, and 2.6% from two or more races. 8.7% of the population were <a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanics in the United States">Hispanic</a> or Latino of any race.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2010_DP_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2010_DP-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were 41,302 households, of which 19.1% had children under 18 living with them, 32.2% were headed by married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 59.6% were non-families. 35.8% of all households comprised individuals, and 7.1% were someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.16, and the average family size was 2.84.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2010_DP_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2010_DP-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boulder's population is younger than the national average, largely due to the presence of university students. The median age at the 2010 census was 28.7 years compared to the U.S. median of 37.2 years. In Boulder, 13.9% of the residents were younger than 18, 29.1% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% were 65 or older. For every 100 females, there were 105.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and older, there were 106.2 males.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2010_DP_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2010_DP-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, the estimated median household income in Boulder was $57,112, and the median family income was $113,681. Male full-time workers had a median income of $71,993 versus $47,574 for females. The per capita income for the city was $37,600. 24.8% of the population and 7.6% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 17.4% of those under 18 and 6.0% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Hill_in_Boulder_Colorado_Shot_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_Hill_in_Boulder_Colorado_Shot_2.JPG/220px-The_Hill_in_Boulder_Colorado_Shot_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_Hill_in_Boulder_Colorado_Shot_2.JPG/330px-The_Hill_in_Boulder_Colorado_Shot_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_Hill_in_Boulder_Colorado_Shot_2.JPG/440px-The_Hill_in_Boulder_Colorado_Shot_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>"The Hill" is one of the centers of off-campus life for students at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado,_Boulder" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Colorado, Boulder">University of Colorado</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2010, the Boulder MSA had a gross metropolitan product of $18.3 billion, the 110th largest metropolitan economy in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-metrogdp_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metrogdp-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, Boulder became the first city in the United States to levy a <a href="/wiki/Carbon_tax" title="Carbon tax">carbon tax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, Boulder appeared on <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> magazine's list of Best Places for Business and Careers.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Top_employers">Top employers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Top employers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the city's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the top employers are: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Employer </th> <th># of employees </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder" title="University of Colorado Boulder">University of Colorado Boulder</a> </td> <td>6,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ball_Corporation" title="Ball Corporation">Ball Corporation</a> </td> <td>4,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Valley_School_District" title="Boulder Valley School District">Boulder Valley School District</a> </td> <td>3,832 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Vrain_Valley_School_District" title="St. Vrain Valley School District">St. Vrain Valley School District</a> </td> <td>3,570 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Community_Health" title="Boulder Community Health">Boulder Community Health</a> </td> <td>2,360 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Boulder County </td> <td>2,040 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>City of Boulder </td> <td>1,461 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Atmospheric_Research" title="National Center for Atmospheric Research">National Center for Atmospheric Research</a> </td> <td>1,187 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_Corporation_for_Atmospheric_Research" title="University Corporation for Atmospheric Research">University Corporation for Atmospheric Research</a> </td> <td>1,187 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> </td> <td>870 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Arts and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bolder_Boulder">Bolder Boulder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bolder Boulder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boulder has hosted a <a href="/wiki/10K_run" title="10K run">10 km road run</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bolder_Boulder" title="Bolder Boulder">Bolder Boulder</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> every year since 1979. The race involves over 50,000 runners, joggers, walkers, and wheelchair racers, making it one of the largest road races in the world. It has the largest non-<a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">marathon</a> prize purse in road racing.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The race culminates at <a href="/wiki/Folsom_Field" title="Folsom Field">Folsom Field</a> with a Memorial Day Tribute. The 2007 race featured over 54,000<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> runners, walkers, and wheelchair racers, making it the largest race in the US in which all participants are timed and the fifth largest road race in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-largest_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-largest-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Founded in 1958, the <a href="/wiki/Boulder_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Boulder Philharmonic Orchestra">Boulder Philharmonic Orchestra</a> is a professional orchestra under the leadership of its Music Director Michael Butterman.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Founded in 1976 by <a href="/wiki/Giora_Bernstein" title="Giora Bernstein">Giora Bernstein</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Music_Festival" title="Colorado Music Festival">Colorado Music Festival</a> presents a summer series of concerts in <a href="/wiki/Chautauqua_Auditorium_(Boulder,_Colorado)" title="Chautauqua Auditorium (Boulder, Colorado)">Chautauqua Auditorium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Founded in 1981, the Boulder Bach Festival is an annual festival celebrating the life, legacy, and music of <a href="/wiki/J.S._Bach" class="mw-redirect" title="J.S. Bach">J.S. Bach</a>. The festival is led by Executive Director <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Carrettin" title="Zachary Carrettin">Zachary Carrettin</a> and Artistic Director Mina Gajic.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Founded in 1988, <a href="/wiki/Colorado_MahlerFest" title="Colorado MahlerFest">Colorado MahlerFest</a> celebrates the legacy of composer Gustav Mahler through an annual festival. Under Artistic Director <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Woods" title="Kenneth Woods">Kenneth Woods</a>, The Colorado MahlerFest Orchestra draws together young professionals, conservatory and university students, and advanced amateurs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dance">Dance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boulder is home to multiple dance companies and establishments. Boulder Ballet was founded by former <a href="/wiki/American_Ballet_Theatre" title="American Ballet Theatre">American Ballet Theatre</a> dancer Larry Boyette in the 1970s as part of the Ballet Arts Studios.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lemon Sponge Cake Contemporary Ballet was founded in 2004 by Robert Sher-Machherndl, former principal dancer of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_National_Ballet" title="Dutch National Ballet">Dutch National Ballet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_State_Ballet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavarian State Ballet">Bavarian State Ballet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conference_on_World_Affairs">Conference on World Affairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Conference on World Affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Conference_on_World_Affairs" title="Conference on World Affairs">Conference on World Affairs</a>, started in 1948, is an annual one-week conference featuring dozens of discussion panels on contemporary issues.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="eTown"><i>eTown</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: eTown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The internationally syndicated radio program <i><a href="/wiki/ETown" title="ETown">eTown</a></i> has its headquarters at <a href="/wiki/ETown_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="ETown Hall">eTown Hall</a>, at the intersection of 16th and Spruce Streets, in downtown Boulder. Most tapings of this weekly show are done at eTown Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polar_Bear_Plunge">Polar Bear Plunge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Polar Bear Plunge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in 1983, hundreds of people head to the <a href="/wiki/Boulder_Reservoir" title="Boulder Reservoir">Boulder Reservoir</a> on New Year's Day to take part in the annual <a href="/wiki/Polar_bear_plunge" title="Polar bear plunge">polar bear plunge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With rescue teams standing by, participants use a variety of techniques to plunge themselves into the freezing reservoir.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the plunge is complete, swimmers retreat to hot tubs on the reservoir beach to revive themselves from the cold.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naked_Pumpkin_Run">Naked Pumpkin Run</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Naked Pumpkin Run"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting in 1998, dozens of people have taken part in a <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> run down the city's streets wearing only shoes and a hollowed-out pumpkin on their heads. In 2009, local police threatened participants with charges of <a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">indecent exposure</a>, and no naked runners were reported in official newscasts, although a few naked runners were observed by locals. Several illegal attempts, resulting in arrests, have been made to restart the run, but no serious effort has been mounted.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="420">420</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 420"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For several years on April 20, thousands of people gathered on the CU Boulder campus to celebrate <a href="/wiki/420_(cannabis_culture)" title="420 (cannabis culture)">420</a> and smoke marijuana at and before 4:20 pm.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The 2010 head count was officially between 8,000 and 15,000 with some discrepancy between the local papers and the university administrators, who have been thought to have been attempting to downplay the event.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Eleven <a href="/wiki/Citation_(police)" class="mw-redirect" title="Citation (police)">citations</a> were given out whereas the year before there were only two.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2011 was the last year of mass 420 partying at CU<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the university, in 2012, took a hard stance against 420 activities, closing the campus to visitors for the day, using smelly fish fertilizer to discourage gathering at the Norlin Quad, and having out-of-town law enforcement agencies help secure the campus.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, April 20 fell on a Saturday. The university continued the 420 party ban and closed the campus to visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015 the government conceded and once again opened the park to visitors on April 20.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boulder_Cruiser_Ride">Boulder Cruiser Ride</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Boulder Cruiser Ride"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boulder_Bike_Night_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cyclists gathering on a road during night." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Boulder_Bike_Night_2021.jpg/220px-Boulder_Bike_Night_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Boulder_Bike_Night_2021.jpg/330px-Boulder_Bike_Night_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Boulder_Bike_Night_2021.jpg/440px-Boulder_Bike_Night_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Bicycle riders joining together on Happy Thursday Cruiser Ride</figcaption></figure> <p>The Happy Thursday Cruiser Ride is a weekly bicycle ride in Boulder Colorado.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Boulder Cruiser Ride grew from a group of friends and friends of friends in the early 90's riding bicycles around Boulder into the social cycling event it is today.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some enthusiasts gather wearing costumes and decorating their bikes; themes are an integral part of the cruiser tradition.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Boulder Police began following the cruiser ride as it gained in popularity in the early 2000s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Issues with underage drinking, reckless bicycle riding, and other nuisance complaints led organizers to drop the cruiser ride as a public event.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Returning to an underground format, where enthusiasts must become part of the social network before gaining access to event sites, the Boulder Cruiser Ride has continued as a local tradition.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On May 30, 2013, over 400 riders attended the Thursday-night Cruiser Ride in honor of "Big Boy", an elk that was shot and killed on New Year's Day by an on-duty<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boulder Police officer.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_recreation">Parks and recreation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Parks and recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bouldercolorado.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bouldercolorado.jpg/220px-Bouldercolorado.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bouldercolorado.jpg/330px-Bouldercolorado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bouldercolorado.jpg/440px-Bouldercolorado.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption>Trailheads for many popular hikes are located at Chautauqua Park.</figcaption></figure> <p>Boulder is surrounded by thousands of acres of recreational open space, conservation easements, and nature preserves. Almost 60%, 35,584 acres (144.00 km<sup>2</sup>), of open space totaling 61,529 acres (249.00 km<sup>2</sup>) is open to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated</a> community of <a href="/wiki/Eldorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Eldorado Springs, Colorado">Eldorado Springs</a>, south of Boulder, is home to <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a> routes.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are climbing routes available in the city open space, including climbing routes of varying difficulty on the <a href="/wiki/Flatirons" title="Flatirons">Flatirons</a> themselves (traditional protection). <a href="/wiki/Boulder_Creek_(Colorado)" title="Boulder Creek (Colorado)">Boulder Canyon</a> (sport), directly west of downtown Boulder, has many routes. All three of these areas are affected by seasonal closures for wildlife.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boulder is a <a href="/wiki/Colorado_municipalities#Home_rule_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado municipalities">home rule municipality</a>, being <a href="/wiki/Self-governing" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-governing">self-governing</a> under Article XX of the <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Government_of_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Law and Government of Colorado">Constitution of the State of Colorado</a>; Title 31, Article 1, Section 202 of the <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Government_of_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Law and Government of Colorado">Colorado Revised Statutes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Politically, Boulder is one of the most liberal and Democratic cities in Colorado when viewed from a Federal and State elections lens. As of July 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, registered voters in <a href="/wiki/Boulder_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulder County">Boulder County</a> were 43.4% Democratic, 14.7% Republican, 1.6% in other parties, and 40.3% unaffiliated.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By residents and detractors alike, Boulder is often referred to as the "People's Republic of Boulder".<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1974, the Boulder City Council passed Colorado's first ordinance prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation. Boulder voters repealed the measure by referendum within a year. In 1975, Boulder County Clerk Clela Rorex was the second in the United States ever to grant <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> licenses, prior to state laws being passed to prevent such issuance.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2019, Boulder declared a "climate emergency" and established target dates<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for achieving 100% renewable electricity,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a reduction in <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> from city organizations and facilities,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an increase in local generation of electricity through renewable sources, and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from the community.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city created a community-centered process to focus on energy systems, regenerative ecosystems, circular materials economy, land use, and financial systems.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Special:EditPage/Boulder, Colorado">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_schools">Public schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Public schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Boulder_Valley_School_District" title="Boulder Valley School District">Boulder Valley School District</a> (BVSD) administers the public school system in Boulder, aside from a few areas in northeast Boulder, where students attend the St. Vrain Valley School District. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charter_schools">Charter schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Charter schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Charter_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter schools">Charter schools</a> within the city of Boulder include Preparatory High School (9–12), <a href="/wiki/Summit_Middle_Charter_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Summit Middle Charter School">Summit Middle School</a> (6–8), and Horizons Alternative School (K–8). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_schools">Private schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Private schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A variety of private high schools, middle schools and elementary schools operate in Boulder. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial8_(23928920228).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aerial8_%2823928920228%29.jpg/220px-Aerial8_%2823928920228%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aerial8_%2823928920228%29.jpg/330px-Aerial8_%2823928920228%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aerial8_%2823928920228%29.jpg/440px-Aerial8_%2823928920228%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4827" data-file-height="3621" /></a><figcaption>Boulder is home to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder" title="University of Colorado Boulder">University of Colorado Boulder</a>, flagship university of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado" title="University of Colorado">University of Colorado</a> system.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naropa_University_campus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Naropa_University_campus.JPG/220px-Naropa_University_campus.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Naropa_University_campus.JPG/330px-Naropa_University_campus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Naropa_University_campus.JPG/440px-Naropa_University_campus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Part of the campus of <a href="/wiki/Naropa_University" title="Naropa University">Naropa University</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder" title="University of Colorado Boulder">University of Colorado Boulder</a>, public university which contributes roughly 46,000 residents (30,000 undergraduate students, 7,000 graduate students and 10,000 staff/faculty) to the population.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naropa_University" title="Naropa University">Naropa University</a> is a private university based on Buddhist principles. It has approximately 400 undergraduate and over 600 graduate students.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Escoffier_School_of_Culinary_Arts" title="Auguste Escoffier School of Culinary Arts">Auguste Escoffier School of Culinary Arts</a>, a culinary school group with campuses in Boulder and <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_institutes">Science institutes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Science institutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Institute_for_Research_in_Environmental_Sciences" title="Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences">Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences</a> (CIRES)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Institute_for_Research_in_the_Atmosphere" title="Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere">Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere</a> (CIRA)</li> <li>Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy (CASA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Center_for_Astrodynamics_Research" title="Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research">Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research</a> (CCAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geological_Society_of_America" title="Geological Society of America">Geological Society of America</a>, headquartered at 3300 Penrose Place</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Arctic_and_Alpine_Research" title="Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research">Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research</a> (INSTAAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JILA" title="JILA">JILA</a> (Formerly Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_for_Atmospheric_and_Space_Physics" title="Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics">Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics</a> (LASP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Ecological_Observatory_Network" title="National Ecological Observatory Network">National Ecological Observatory Network</a> (NEON)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Atmospheric_Research" title="National Center for Atmospheric Research">National Center for Atmospheric Research</a> (NCAR) / <a href="/wiki/University_Corporation_for_Atmospheric_Research" title="University Corporation for Atmospheric Research">University Corporation for Atmospheric Research</a> (UCAR) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Altitude_Observatory" title="High Altitude Observatory">High Altitude Observatory</a> (HAO)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> (NIST)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_System_Research_Laboratories" title="Earth System Research Laboratories">Earth System Research Laboratories</a> (ESRL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Weather_Prediction_Center" title="Space Weather Prediction Center">Space Weather Prediction Center</a> (SWPC)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Snow_and_Ice_Data_Center" title="National Snow and Ice Data Center">National Snow and Ice Data Center</a> (NSIDC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Solar_Observatory" title="National Solar Observatory">National Solar Observatory</a> (NSO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Telecommunications_and_Information_Administration" title="National Telecommunications and Information Administration">National Telecommunications and Information Administration</a>(NTIA) – Institute for Telecommunication Sciences Boulder</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_and_Sustainable_Energy_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (page does not exist)">Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute</a> (RASEI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocky Mountain Institute">Rocky Mountain Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Research_Institute" title="Southwest Research Institute">Southwest Research Institute</a> Department of Space Studies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Science_Institute" title="Space Science Institute">Space Science Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNAVCO" title="UNAVCO">UNAVCO</a> National Science Foundation's Geodetic Facility</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> (USGS)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Boulder,_Colorado" title="Media in Boulder, Colorado">Media in Boulder, Colorado</a></div> <p>Boulder's main daily newspaper, the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Camera" title="Daily Camera">Daily Camera</a></i>, was founded in 1890 as the weekly <i>Boulder Camera</i>, and became a daily newspaper in 1891. The <i><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Daily" title="Colorado Daily">Colorado Daily</a></i> was started in 1892 as a university newspaper for CU Boulder. Following many heated controversies over <i>Colorado Daily</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> political coverage, it severed its ties to the university in 1971. From 1996 to 2000, the <i>Boulder Planet</i> competed with the <i><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Weekly" title="Boulder Weekly">Boulder Weekly</a></i> as a free weekly.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Newspaper conglomerate <a href="/wiki/The_E._W._Scripps_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="The E. W. Scripps Company">Scripps</a> acquired the <i>Colorado Daily</i> in 2005 after its acquisition of the <i>Camera</i> in 1997, leaving the <i>Boulder Weekly</i> as the only locally owned newspaper in Boulder. Scripps relinquished its 50 percent ownership in both daily papers in early 2009 to Media News Group. <i>Boulder Magazine</i>, a lifestyle magazine, was founded in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Boulder Magazine</i> is published three times per year. </p><p>Boulder is part of the <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a> market for television stations, and it receives many radio stations based in Denver or <a href="/wiki/Ft._Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="Ft. Collins">Ft. Collins</a>. For cable television, Boulder is served by <a href="/wiki/Comcast_Cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Comcast Cable">Comcast Cable</a>. The city operates public service Boulder 8 TV on cable (high- and standard-definition), which airs, live-streams and archives council meetings. With its in-house video production facilities, it also produces news, talk and informational programming.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over-the-air television reception is poor in the western part of the city because of interference from mountains. </p><p>Non-commercial <a href="/wiki/Community_radio" title="Community radio">community radio</a> station <a href="/wiki/KGNU" title="KGNU">KGNU</a> was founded in 1978<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and commercial music station <a href="/wiki/KBCO" title="KBCO">KBCO</a> in 1977. KBCO programs an <a href="/wiki/Adult_album_alternative" title="Adult album alternative">adult album alternative</a> format and is owned and operated by <a href="/wiki/IHeartMedia" title="IHeartMedia">iHeartMedia</a>. KBCO moved its studios from Boulder to the <a href="/wiki/Denver_Tech_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver Tech Center">Denver Tech Center</a> in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-HuffPost_2010_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HuffPost_2010-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It maintains the Boulder license and transmits from atop <a href="/wiki/Eldorado_Mountain" title="Eldorado Mountain">Eldorado Mountain</a> south of Boulder.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/KVCU" title="KVCU">KVCU</a>, also known as Radio 1190, is a non-commercial radio station run with the help of university-student volunteers. KVCU started broadcasting in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> programming is heard over <a href="/wiki/KCFC" title="KCFC">KCFC</a> 1490 AM, operated by <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Public_Radio" title="Colorado Public Radio">Colorado Public Radio</a>, and simulcasting Denver station <a href="/wiki/KCFR" class="mw-redirect" title="KCFR">KCFR</a> 90.1. </p><p><a href="/wiki/KRKS-FM" title="KRKS-FM">KRKS-FM</a> 94.7, owned and operated by <a href="/wiki/Salem_Media_Group" title="Salem Media Group">Salem Media Group</a> and affiliated with SRN News, offers a <a href="/wiki/Christian_talk_and_teaching" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian talk and teaching">Christian talk and teaching</a> format, and has its transmitter located on Lee Hill, northwest of Boulder. </p><p>The University of Colorado Press, a non-profit co-op of various western universities, publishes academic books, as do <a href="/wiki/Lynne_Rienner_Publishers" title="Lynne Rienner Publishers">Lynne Rienner Publishers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paradigm_Publishers" title="Paradigm Publishers">Paradigm Publishers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Westview_Press" title="Westview Press">Westview Press</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paladin_Press" title="Paladin Press">Paladin Press</a> book/video publishers and <a href="/wiki/Soldier_of_Fortune_(magazine)" title="Soldier of Fortune (magazine)"><i>Soldier of Fortune</i></a> magazine both have their headquarters in Boulder.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paladin Press was founded in September 1970 by Peder Lund and Robert K. Brown. In 1974, Lund bought out Brown's share of the press, and Brown founded <i>Soldier of Fortune</i> magazine in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Descending_Boulder_Denver_Turnpike_Into_Boulder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Descending_Boulder_Denver_Turnpike_Into_Boulder.jpg/220px-Descending_Boulder_Denver_Turnpike_Into_Boulder.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Descending_Boulder_Denver_Turnpike_Into_Boulder.jpg/330px-Descending_Boulder_Denver_Turnpike_Into_Boulder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Descending_Boulder_Denver_Turnpike_Into_Boulder.jpg/440px-Descending_Boulder_Denver_Turnpike_Into_Boulder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4776" data-file-height="3140" /></a><figcaption>The city from northbound US 36 as the highway descends into Boulder</figcaption></figure> <p>Since Boulder has operated under residential growth control ordinances since 1976, the growth of employment in the city has far outstripped population growth. Considerable road traffic enters the city each morning and leaves each afternoon, since many employees live in <a href="/wiki/Longmont" class="mw-redirect" title="Longmont">Longmont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Colorado" title="Lafayette, Colorado">Lafayette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Colorado" title="Louisville, Colorado">Louisville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broomfield,_Colorado" title="Broomfield, Colorado">Broomfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westminster,_Colorado" title="Westminster, Colorado">Westminster</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>. Boulder is served by <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_36_in_Colorado" title="U.S. Route 36 in Colorado">US 36</a> and a variety of state highways. Parking regulations in Boulder have been explicitly designed to discourage parking by commuters and to encourage the use of mass transit, with mixed results.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the years, Boulder has made significant investments in the multi-modal network. The city is now well known for its grade-separated bicycle and pedestrian paths, which are integrated into a network of bicycle lanes, cycle tracks, and on-street bicycle routes. Boulder provides a community transit network that connects downtown, the University of Colorado campuses, and local shopping amenities. Boulder has no rail transit. Local and regional shuttle busses are funded by a variety of sources. Due in part to these investments in pedestrian, bicycle, and transit infrastructure, Boulder has been recognized both nationally and internationally for its transportation system.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, the Boulder metropolitan statistical area (MSA) ranked as the fourth highest in the United States for percentage of commuters who biked to work, at 5.4 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, the Boulder MSA ranked as the fourth lowest in the United States for percentage of workers who commuted by private automobile, at 71.9 percent. During the same time period, 11.1 percent of Boulder area workers had no commute whatsoever: they worked out of the home.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bus_service">Bus service</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Bus service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boulder has an extensive bus system operated by the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Transportation_District" title="Regional Transportation District">Regional Transportation District</a> (RTD). The HOP, SKIP, JUMP, Bound, DASH and Stampede routes run throughout the city and connect to nearby communities with departures every ten minutes during peak hours, Monday-Friday. Other routes, such as the 204, 205, 206, 208 and 209 depart every 15 to 30 minutes. Regional routes, traveling between nearby cities such as Longmont (BOLT, J), Golden (GS), and Denver (<a href="/wiki/Flatiron_Flyer" title="Flatiron Flyer">Flatiron Flyer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> route), as well as <a href="/wiki/Denver_International_Airport" title="Denver International Airport">Denver International Airport</a> (AB), are also available. There are over 100 scheduled daily bus trips on seven routes that run between Boulder and Denver on weekdays.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railroads">Railroads</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Railroads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Freight service is provided by <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Pacific">Union Pacific</a> and <a href="/wiki/BNSF" class="mw-redirect" title="BNSF">BNSF</a>. </p><p>Currently there is no intercity passenger service. The last remaining services connecting the Front Range cities ceased with the formation of <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> in 1971. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Future_transit_plans">Future transit plans</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Future transit plans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Front_Range_Passenger_Rail" title="Front Range Passenger Rail">Front Range Passenger Rail</a> is a current proposal (as of 2023) to link the cities from <a href="/wiki/Pueblo,_Colorado" title="Pueblo, Colorado">Pueblo</a> in the south, north to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Collins">Fort Collins</a> and possibly to <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne,_Wyoming" title="Cheyenne, Wyoming">Cheyenne, Wyoming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 41-mile (66 km) RTD <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> route called the Northwest Rail Line, also known as the <a href="/wiki/B_Line_(RTD)" title="B Line (RTD)">B Line</a>, is proposed to run from Denver through Boulder to <a href="/wiki/Longmont" class="mw-redirect" title="Longmont">Longmont</a>, with stops in major communities along the way. The Boulder station is to be north of Pearl Street and east of 30th Street. At one time this commuter rail service was scheduled to commence in 2014, but major delays have ensued. In 2016, an initial 6-mile (9.7 km) segment opened, reaching from downtown Denver to southern <a href="/wiki/Westminster,_Colorado" title="Westminster, Colorado">Westminster</a> at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_station_(RTD)" title="Westminster station (RTD)">Westminster Station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining 35 miles (56 km) of the Northwest Rail Line is planned to be completed by 2044, depending upon funding.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These future transit plans, as well as the current Flatiron Flyer Bus Rapid Transit route, are part of <a href="/wiki/FasTracks" title="FasTracks">FasTracks</a>, an RTD transit improvement plan funded by a 0.4% increase in the sales tax throughout the Denver metro area. <a href="/wiki/Regional_Transportation_District" title="Regional Transportation District">RTD</a>, the developer of FasTracks, is partnering with the city of Boulder to plan a <a href="/wiki/Transit-oriented_development" title="Transit-oriented development">transit-oriented development</a> near Pearl and 33rd Streets in association with the proposed Boulder commuter rail station. The development is to feature the <a href="/wiki/Boulder_Railroad_Depot" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulder Railroad Depot">Boulder Railroad Depot</a>, already relocated to that site, which may be returned to a transit-related use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cycling">Cycling</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Cycling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boulder, well known for its <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_culture" title="Bicycle culture">bicycle culture</a>, has hundreds of miles of bicycle-pedestrian paths, lanes, and routes that interconnect to create a renowned network of bikeways usable year-round. Boulder has 74 bike and pedestrian underpasses that facilitate safer and uninterrupted travel throughout much of the city. The city offers a route-finding website that allows users to map personalized bike routes around the city,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is one of five communities to have received a "<a href="/wiki/Bicycle-friendly_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle-friendly communities">Platinum Bicycle Friendly Community</a>" rating from the <a href="/wiki/League_of_American_Bicyclists" title="League of American Bicyclists">League of American Bicyclists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NEW_PLATINUM,_NEW_GOLD_BICYCLE_FRIENDLY_COMMUNITIES_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEW_PLATINUM,_NEW_GOLD_BICYCLE_FRIENDLY_COMMUNITIES-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The headquarters of the free and non-obligatory <a href="/wiki/Hospitality_exchange_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospitality exchange network">hospitality exchange network</a> for cyclists, <a href="/wiki/Warm_Showers" title="Warm Showers">Warm Showers</a>, is based in Boulder.<sup id="cite_ref-2017taxreturn_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2017taxreturn-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2011, <a href="/wiki/B-cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="B-cycle">B-cycle</a> bike-sharing opened in Boulder with 100 red bikes and 12 stations.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airport">Airport</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Municipal_Airport" title="Boulder Municipal Airport">Boulder Municipal Airport</a> is located 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of central Boulder, is owned by the City of Boulder and is used exclusively for <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a>, with most traffic consisting of single-engine airplanes and <a href="/wiki/Glider_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Glider aircraft">glider aircraft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Colorado_Boulder_alumni" title="List of University of Colorado Boulder alumni">List of University of Colorado Boulder alumni</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Allen_Bartlett" title="Albert Allen Bartlett">Albert Allen Bartlett</a>, emeritus professor of physics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jello_Biafra" title="Jello Biafra">Jello Biafra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dead_Kennedys" title="Dead Kennedys">Dead Kennedys</a> frontman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Boselli" title="Tony Boselli">Tony Boselli</a>, five-time <a href="/wiki/Pro_Bowl" title="Pro Bowl">Pro Bowl</a> <a href="/wiki/Lineman_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lineman (football)">offensive tackle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Bower" title="Bill Bower">Bill Bower</a>, the last surviving pilot who took part in the <a href="/wiki/Doolittle_Raid" title="Doolittle Raid">Doolittle Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffany_Brissette" title="Tiffany Brissette">Tiffany Brissette</a>, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arleigh_Burke" title="Arleigh Burke">Arleigh Burke</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Operations" title="Chief of Naval Operations">Chief of Naval Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Carpenter" title="Scott Carpenter">Scott Carpenter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Project Mercury</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonzo_Clemons" title="Alonzo Clemons">Alonzo Clemons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sculptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sculptor">sculptor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autistic_savant" class="mw-redirect" title="Autistic savant">autistic savant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Collom" title="Jack Collom">Jack Collom</a>, poet and essayist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristin_Davis" title="Kristin Davis">Kristin Davis</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_City" title="Sex and the City">Sex and the City</a></i> actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joey_Diaz" title="Joey Diaz">Joey "CoCo" Diaz</a>, resident during the 1980s and 1990s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fante" title="John Fante">John Fante</a>, writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justine_Frischmann" title="Justine Frischmann">Justine Frischmann</a>, British artist and former lead singer of <a href="/wiki/Elastica" title="Elastica">Elastica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Gibson" title="Andrea Gibson">Andrea Gibson</a>, spoken word artist, poet, activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a>, poet, taught at <a href="/wiki/Naropa_University" title="Naropa University">Naropa University</a> and lived much of his life in Boulder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Grab" title="Michael Grab">Michael Grab</a>, Canadian-born artist specializing in <a href="/wiki/Rock_balancing" title="Rock balancing">rock balancing</a> and photography</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Hasselbeck" title="Matt Hasselbeck">Matt Hasselbeck</a>, three-time <a href="/wiki/Pro_Bowl" title="Pro Bowl">Pro Bowl</a> <a href="/wiki/Quarterback" title="Quarterback">quarterback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Ingalls" title="Carrie Ingalls">Carrie Ingalls</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Little_House_on_the_Prairie" title="Little House on the Prairie">Little House on the Prairie</a></i>), lived in Boulder 1905–1906</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Jurek" title="Scott Jurek">Scott Jurek</a>, ultramarathoner, writer and public speaker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna_Kroeger" title="Hanna Kroeger">Hanna Kroeger</a>, vendor of health food and alternative medicine products</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Wynne_McMahon" title="Eagle Wynne McMahon">Eagle Wynne McMahon</a>, professional disc golf player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimbal_Musk" title="Kimbal Musk">Kimbal Musk</a>, entrepreneur, philanthropist, and restaurateur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Niwot" title="Chief Niwot">Chief Niwot</a>, or Left Hand, a tribal leader of the <a href="/wiki/Arapaho" title="Arapaho">Arapaho</a>, lived at the site of Boulder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shane_O%27Neill_(soccer)" title="Shane O'Neill (soccer)">Shane O'Neil</a>, soccer player for <a href="/wiki/Toronto_FC" title="Toronto FC">Toronto FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Pagano" title="Chuck Pagano">Chuck Pagano</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts" title="Indianapolis Colts">Indianapolis Colts</a> head coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Plait" title="Phil Plait">Phil Plait</a>, "The Bad Astronomer", astronomer, skeptic, writer and science blogger</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Polis" title="Jared Polis">Jared Polis</a>, Governor of Colorado</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JonBen%C3%A9t_Ramsey" class="mw-redirect" title="JonBenét Ramsey">JonBenét Ramsey</a>, who was murdered in December 1996</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Regester" title="Bobby Regester">Bobby Regester</a>, racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Sellers" title="Larry Sellers">Larry Sellers</a>, actor, lived in the town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidia_%C8%98imon" title="Lidia Șimon">Lidia Șimon</a> (born 1973), retired Romanian Olympic <a href="/wiki/Long-distance_runner" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-distance runner">long-distance runner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Slade" title="Isaac Slade">Isaac Slade</a>, musician for rock band <a href="/wiki/The_Fray" title="The Fray">The Fray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Solomon" title="Ariel Solomon">Ariel Solomon</a> (born 1968), American football offensive lineman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maor_Tiyouri" title="Maor Tiyouri">Maor Tiyouri</a> (born 1990), Israeli Olympic marathon runner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evans_Woollen_III" title="Evans Woollen III">Evans Woollen III</a>, architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Zeiger" title="Joanna Zeiger">Joanna Zeiger</a> (born 1970), Olympic triathlete, 2008 Ironman 70.3 world champion</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MorkMindyHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/MorkMindyHouse.jpg/170px-MorkMindyHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/MorkMindyHouse.jpg/255px-MorkMindyHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/MorkMindyHouse.jpg/340px-MorkMindyHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption>1619 Pine Street was used for the exterior shots of Mindy's house on the TV show <i><a href="/wiki/Mork_%26_Mindy" title="Mork & Mindy">Mork & Mindy</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Woody Allen's film <i><a href="/wiki/Sleeper_(1973_film)" title="Sleeper (1973 film)">Sleeper</a></i> (1973) was filmed on location in Boulder.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some houses and the <a href="/wiki/Mesa_Laboratory" title="Mesa Laboratory">Mesa Laboratory</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Atmospheric_Research" title="National Center for Atmospheric Research">National Center for Atmospheric Research</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/I._M._Pei" title="I. M. Pei">I. M. Pei</a>, were used in the film. </p><p>Boulder was a setting for <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>'s book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Stand" title="The Stand">The Stand</a></i> (1978), as the gathering point for some of the survivors of the superflu. King lived in Boulder for a little less than a year, beginning in the autumn of 1974, and wrote <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shining_(novel)" title="The Shining (novel)">The Shining</a></i> (1977) during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The television sitcom <i><a href="/wiki/Mork_%26_Mindy" title="Mork & Mindy">Mork & Mindy</a></i> (1978–1982) was set in Boulder, with 1619 Pine St. serving as the exterior shot of Mindy's home.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The New York Deli, a now closed restaurant in the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Street_Mall" title="Pearl Street Mall">Pearl Street Mall</a>, was also featured prominently in the series.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the American version of the television sitcom <i><a href="/wiki/The_Office_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Office (U.S. TV series)">The Office</a></i>, the character Michael Scott leaves the show in season 7 and moves with his fiancée to Boulder.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Boulder to Birmingham" is a song written by <a href="/wiki/Emmylou_Harris" title="Emmylou Harris">Emmylou Harris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Danoff" title="Bill Danoff">Bill Danoff</a> which first appeared on Harris's 1975 album <i><a href="/wiki/Pieces_of_the_Sky" title="Pieces of the Sky">Pieces of the Sky</a></i>. It has served as something of a signature tune for the artist and recounts her feelings of grief in the years following the death of country rock star and mentor <a href="/wiki/Gram_Parsons" title="Gram Parsons">Gram Parsons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central" title="Comedy Central">Comedy Central</a> television show <i><a href="/wiki/Broad_City" title="Broad City">Broad City</a></i> ends with the protagonist, Abby, moving to Boulder for an art <a href="/wiki/Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellowship">fellowship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Significant parts of the 2006 movie <a href="/wiki/Catch_and_Release_(2006_film)" title="Catch and Release (2006 film)">Catch and Release</a> were filmed in Boulder, and includes many well-known Boulder institutions such as <a href="/wiki/Celestial_Seasonings" title="Celestial Seasonings">Celestial Seasonings</a>, the Boulder Farmer's Market, and Pearl Street Mall.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boulder's <a href="/wiki/Sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister cities">sister cities</a> are:<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a>, Tajikistan (1987)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua"><img alt="Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jalapa,_Nueva_Segovia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalapa, Nueva Segovia">Jalapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Segovia_Department" title="Nueva Segovia Department">Nueva Segovia Department</a>, Nicaragua (1983)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal"><img alt="Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>, Nepal (2018)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya"><img alt="Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kisumu" title="Kisumu">Kisumu</a>, Kenya (2008)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a>, China (1986)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/El_Mante" class="mw-redirect" title="El Mante">El Mante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a>, Mexico (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, Palestine (2016)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ramat_HaNegev" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramat HaNegev">Ramat HaNegev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_District_(Israel)" title="Southern District (Israel)">Southern District</a>, Israel (2018)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yamagata,_Yamagata" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamagata, Yamagata">Yamagata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yamagata_Prefecture" title="Yamagata Prefecture">Yamagata</a>, Japan (1994)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yateras" title="Yateras">Yateras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo_Province" title="Guantánamo Province">Guantánamo Province</a>, Cuba (2002)</li></ul> </div> <p>Landmarks representing Boulder's connection with its various sister cities can be found throughout the city. Boulder's Sister City Plaza – dedicated on May 17, 2007 – is located on the east lawn of Boulder's Municipal Building. The plaza was built to honor all of Boulder's sister city relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dushanbe_Tea_House" title="Dushanbe Tea House">Dushanbe Tea House</a> is located on 13th Street just south of the Pearl Street Mall. Dushanbe presented its distinctive tea house as a gift to Boulder in 1987. It was completed in Tajikistan in 1990 and then shipped to Boulder, where it was reassembled and opened to the public in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A mural representing the relationship between Boulder and Mante, Mexico, was dedicated in August 2001. The mural, which was painted by Mante muralist Florian Lopez, is located on the north-facing wall of the Dairy Center for the Performing Arts.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/32px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/48px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/64px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Colorado" title="Portal:Colorado">Colorado portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denver-Aurora,_CO_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver-Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area">Denver-Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder,_CO_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulder, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area">Boulder, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Colorado_floods" title="2013 Colorado floods">2013 Colorado floods</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-COMun-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-COMun_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COMun_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COMun_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COMun_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dola.colorado.gov/lgis/municipalities.jsf">"Active Colorado Municipalities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Department_of_Local_Affairs" title="Colorado Department of Local Affairs">Colorado Department of Local Affairs</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091212060308/http://www.dola.state.co.us/dlg/local_governments/municipalities.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Active+Colorado+Municipalities&rft.pub=Colorado+Department+of+Local+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdola.colorado.gov%2Flgis%2Fmunicipalities.jsf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gnis-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/2409883">U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Boulder, Colorado</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MuniIncCO-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MuniIncCO_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/muninc.html">"Colorado Municipal Incorporations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/State_of_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Colorado">State of Colorado</a>, Department of Personnel & Administration, Colorado State Archives. December 1, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200920/http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/muninc.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colorado+Municipal+Incorporations&rft.pub=State+of+Colorado%2C+Department+of+Personnel+%26+Administration%2C+Colorado+State+Archives&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colorado.gov%2Fdpa%2Fdoit%2Farchives%2Fmuninc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/shayshinecastle/status/1460780367791546369">"Shay Castle"</a>. <i>twitter.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117012240/https://twitter.com/shayshinecastle/status/1460780367791546369">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=twitter.com&rft.atitle=Shay+Castle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fshayshinecastle%2Fstatus%2F1460780367791546369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailycamera.com/2023/12/07/nicole-speer-elected-mayor-pro-tem-of-boulder-new-city-councilmembers-sworn-in/">"Nicole Speer elected mayor pro tem of Boulder; new city councilmembers sworn in"</a>. <i>Daily Camera</i>. December 7, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231228033933/https://www.dailycamera.com/2023/12/07/nicole-speer-elected-mayor-pro-tem-of-boulder-new-city-councilmembers-sworn-in/">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Camera&rft.atitle=Nicole+Speer+elected+mayor+pro+tem+of+Boulder%3B+new+city+councilmembers+sworn+in&rft.date=2023-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailycamera.com%2F2023%2F12%2F07%2Fnicole-speer-elected-mayor-pro-tem-of-boulder-new-city-councilmembers-sworn-in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020_Census-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020_Census_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020_Census_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020_Census_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020_Census_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/about/rdo/summary-files.html">"Decennial Census P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a>. August 12, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211217145203/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/about/rdo/summary-files.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decennial+Census+P.L.+94-171+Redistricting+Data&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau%2C+United+States+Department+of+Commerce&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census%2Fabout%2Frdo%2Fsummary-files.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP14500">"Total Gross Domestic Product for Boulder, CO (MSA)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Economic_Data" title="Federal Reserve Economic Data">Federal Reserve Economic Data</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_St._Louis" title="Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis">Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Reserve+Economic+Data&rft.atitle=Total+Gross+Domestic+Product+for+Boulder%2C+CO+%28MSA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffred.stlouisfed.org%2Fseries%2FNGMP14500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZIPcode-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZIPcode_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupAction!input.action">"ZIP Code Lookup"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225014355/https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupAction!input.action">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ZIP+Code+Lookup&rft.pub=United+States+Postal+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.usps.com%2Fgo%2FZipLookupAction%21input.action&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR6-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR6_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx">"Find a County"</a>. National Association of Counties. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx">the original</a> on May 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Find+a+County&rft.pub=National+Association+of+Counties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naco.org%2FCounties%2FPages%2FFindACounty.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bouldercoloradousa.com/about-boulder/boulder-weather/">"Boulder Elevation"</a>. www.BoulderColoradoUSA.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160807210737/http://www.bouldercoloradousa.com/about-boulder/boulder-weather/">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boulder+Elevation&rft.pub=www.BoulderColoradoUSA.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bouldercoloradousa.com%2Fabout-boulder%2Fboulder-weather%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-COEncyclopedia-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-COEncyclopedia_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COEncyclopedia_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/boulder">"Boulder, Colorado"</a>. <i>Colorado Encyclopedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607012937/https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/boulder">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boulder%2C+Colorado&rft.btitle=Colorado+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fboulder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/projects/staff-land-acknowledgment">"Boulder Land Acknowledgment"</a>. <i>City of Boulder</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Boulder&rft.atitle=Boulder+Land+Acknowledgment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbouldercolorado.gov%2Fprojects%2Fstaff-land-acknowledgment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrugan2022" class="citation web cs1">Drugan, Tim (December 16, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boulderreportinglab.org/2022/12/15/fred-mosqueda-in-his-own-words-southern-arapaho-elder-says-boulder-should-amend-fort-chambers-sign-but-leave-it-up/">"Southern Arapaho elder says Boulder should amend Fort Chambers sign but leave it up"</a>. <i>The Boulder Reporting Lab</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240709125837/https://boulderreportinglab.org/2022/12/15/fred-mosqueda-in-his-own-words-southern-arapaho-elder-says-boulder-should-amend-fort-chambers-sign-but-leave-it-up/">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Boulder+Reporting+Lab&rft.atitle=Southern+Arapaho+elder+says+Boulder+should+amend+Fort+Chambers+sign+but+leave+it+up&rft.date=2022-12-16&rft.aulast=Drugan&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboulderreportinglab.org%2F2022%2F12%2F15%2Ffred-mosqueda-in-his-own-words-southern-arapaho-elder-says-boulder-should-amend-fort-chambers-sign-but-leave-it-up%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colorado.edu/catalog/2013-14/information/intro">"University of Colorado History"</a>. <i>University of Colorado</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170717215550/http://www.colorado.edu/catalog/2013-14/information/intro">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Colorado&rft.atitle=University+of+Colorado+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colorado.edu%2Fcatalog%2F2013-14%2Finformation%2Fintro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boulder-colorado-travel.com/boulder-history/c-u-history">"C.U. History"</a>. BoulderGuide. June 30, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141105174241/http://boulder-colorado-travel.com/boulder-history/c-u-history/">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C.U.+History&rft.pub=BoulderGuide&rft.date=2009-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboulder-colorado-travel.com%2Fboulder-history%2Fc-u-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141010084603/http://boulderhistory.org/boulder-history/">"A Boulder Timeline"</a>. <i>Boulder History Museum</i>. Archived from the original on October 10, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boulder+History+Museum&rft.atitle=A+Boulder+Timeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboulderhistory.org%2Fboulder-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307061152/http://www.ghostseekers.com/Timeline.htm">"Brief History of Colorado"</a>. <i>ghostseekers.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ghostseekers.com/Timeline.htm">the original</a> on March 7, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ghostseekers.com&rft.atitle=Brief+History+of+Colorado&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghostseekers.com%2FTimeline.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT7316-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT7316_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDougherty2016" class="citation news cs1">Dougherty, Conor (July 3, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/04/business/how-anti-growth-sentiment-reflected-in-zoning-laws-thwarts-equality.html">"How Anti-Growth Sentiment, Reflected in Zoning Laws, Thwarts Equality"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210607185844/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/04/business/how-anti-growth-sentiment-reflected-in-zoning-laws-thwarts-equality.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Anti-Growth+Sentiment%2C+Reflected+in+Zoning+Laws%2C+Thwarts+Equality&rft.date=2016-07-03&rft.aulast=Dougherty&rft.aufirst=Conor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F07%2F04%2Fbusiness%2Fhow-anti-growth-sentiment-reflected-in-zoning-laws-thwarts-equality.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPortillo2024" class="citation web cs1">Portillo, Ashley (January 19, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/colorado/news/boulder-remove-residential-growth-cap-city-council-vote-housing-affordable-colorado/">"City Council in Boulder, one of Colorado's least affordable cities, votes to remove cap on residential growth"</a>. <i>CBS News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240123135953/https://www.cbsnews.com/colorado/news/boulder-remove-residential-growth-cap-city-council-vote-housing-affordable-colorado/">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=City+Council+in+Boulder%2C+one+of+Colorado%27s+least+affordable+cities%2C+votes+to+remove+cap+on+residential+growth&rft.date=2024-01-19&rft.aulast=Portillo&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fcolorado%2Fnews%2Fboulder-remove-residential-growth-cap-city-council-vote-housing-affordable-colorado%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131025214639/https://bouldercolorado.gov/planning/historic-preservation-program-background">"Historic Preservation Program Background"</a>. <i>City of Boulder</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/planning/historic-preservation-program-background">the original</a> on October 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Boulder&rft.atitle=Historic+Preservation+Program+Background&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbouldercolorado.gov%2Fplanning%2Fhistoric-preservation-program-background&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boulder1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boulder1_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060726204019/http://bcn.boulder.co.us/lwv/lwvknow.html">"Did You Know?... The Story of Boulder, Colorado: Its Struggles To Reconcile Growth With Environmental Preservation"</a>. <i>League of Women Voters of Boulder Valley</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bcn.boulder.co.us/lwv/lwvknow.html">the original</a> on July 26, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=League+of+Women+Voters+of+Boulder+Valley&rft.atitle=Did+You+Know%3F...+The+Story+of+Boulder%2C+Colorado%3A+Its+Struggles+To+Reconcile+Growth+With+Environmental+Preservation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbcn.boulder.co.us%2Flwv%2Flwvknow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reilly-McNellan-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reilly-McNellan_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Reilly-McNellan" class="citation web cs1">Mary Reilly-McNellan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200923195415/https://www-static.bouldercolorado.gov/docs/history-of-mt-parks-mary-reilly-mcnellan-1-201305101210.pdf">"History of Boulder Mountain Parks"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-static.bouldercolorado.gov/docs/history-of-mt-parks-mary-reilly-mcnellan-1-201305101210.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Boulder+Mountain+Parks&rft.au=Mary+Reilly-McNellan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-static.bouldercolorado.gov%2Fdocs%2Fhistory-of-mt-parks-mary-reilly-mcnellan-1-201305101210.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bcn.boulder.co.us/basin/">"Boulder Area Sustainability Information Network"</a>. Boulder Community Network. August 27, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928141035/http://bcn.boulder.co.us/basin/">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boulder+Area+Sustainability+Information+Network&rft.pub=Boulder+Community+Network&rft.date=1999-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbcn.boulder.co.us%2Fbasin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041208180524/http://www.sirna.com/about/contact.html">Contact</a>." <a href="/wiki/Sirna_Therapeutics" title="Sirna Therapeutics">Sirna Therapeutics</a>. December 8, 2004. Retrieved March 3, 2012. "2950 Wilderness Place Boulder, CO 80301"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/wildlife/">"Urban Wildlife"</a>. Bouldercolorado.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131026005308/https://bouldercolorado.gov/wildlife">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Urban+Wildlife&rft.pub=Bouldercolorado.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbouldercolorado.gov%2Fwildlife%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131026003354/https://bouldercolorado.gov/parks-rec/parks-volunteer-opportunities">"Park Volunteer Opportunities"</a>. Bouldercolorado.gov. September 25, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/parks-rec/parks-volunteer-opportunities">the original</a> on October 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Park+Volunteer+Opportunities&rft.pub=Bouldercolorado.gov&rft.date=2012-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbouldercolorado.gov%2Fparks-rec%2Fparks-volunteer-opportunities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/osmp/closures">"OSMP closures"</a>. Bouldercolorado.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130824033822/https://bouldercolorado.gov/osmp/closures">Archived</a> from the original on August 24, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OSMP+closures&rft.pub=Bouldercolorado.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbouldercolorado.gov%2Fosmp%2Fclosures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060306113749/http://www.ci.boulder.co.us/environmentalaffairs/ipm/documents/FinalWNVMosquitoPlan.pdf">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/ipm/mosquito-control-program">"Mosquito Control Program"</a>. Bouldercolorado.gov. July 6, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131025223206/https://bouldercolorado.gov/ipm/mosquito-control-program">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mosquito+Control+Program&rft.pub=Bouldercolorado.gov&rft.date=2012-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbouldercolorado.gov%2Fipm%2Fmosquito-control-program&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://user.govoutreach.com/boulder/faq.php?cid=23415">"Prairie Dogs & Wild Birds Wildlife Protection Ordinance"</a>. City of Boulder. January 18, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140630092111/http://user.govoutreach.com/boulder/faq.php?cid=23415">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prairie+Dogs+%26+Wild+Birds+Wildlife+Protection+Ordinance&rft.pub=City+of+Boulder&rft.date=2005-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuser.govoutreach.com%2Fboulder%2Ffaq.php%3Fcid%3D23415&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailycamera.com/boulder-county-news/ci_15625225">"Goats keep weeds under control at Boulder Reservoir"</a>. <i>Daily Camera</i>. July 28, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130725194601/http://www.dailycamera.com/boulder-county-news/ci_15625225">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Camera&rft.atitle=Goats+keep+weeds+under+control+at+Boulder+Reservoir&rft.date=2010-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailycamera.com%2Fboulder-county-news%2Fci_15625225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/osmp/forest-ecosystem-management-plan">"Forest Ecosystem Management Plan"</a>. Bouldercolorado.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180529130022/https://bouldercolorado.gov/osmp/forest-ecosystem-management-plan">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forest+Ecosystem+Management+Plan&rft.pub=Bouldercolorado.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbouldercolorado.gov%2Fosmp%2Fforest-ecosystem-management-plan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weather.gov-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-weather.gov_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=bou">"Denver/Boulder Weather Forecast Office"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508060530/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=bou">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Denver%2FBoulder+Weather+Forecast+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw2.weather.gov%2Fclimate%2Fxmacis.php%3Fwfo%3Dbou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.plantmaps.com/80303">"Zipcode 80303 – Boulder Colorado is in Hardiness Zones 5b and 6a"</a>. <i>PlantMaps</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216034535/https://www.plantmaps.com/80303">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PlantMaps&rft.atitle=Zipcode+80303+%E2%80%93+Boulder+Colorado+is+in+Hardiness+Zones+5b+and+6a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.plantmaps.com%2F80303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=51137&cityname=Boulder%2C+Colorado%2C+United+States+of+America&units=">"Boulder, Colorado"</a>. <i>weatherbase</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331133347/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=51137&cityname=Boulder%2C+Colorado%2C+United+States+of+America&units=">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=weatherbase&rft.atitle=Boulder%2C+Colorado&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D51137%26cityname%3DBoulder%252C%2BColorado%252C%2BUnited%2BStates%2Bof%2BAmerica%26units%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Western_Regional_Climate_Center-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Western_Regional_Climate_Center_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliNORMNCDC2010.pl?co0848">"Boulder, Colorado NCDC 1981–2010 Monthly Normals"</a>. <i>WRCC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910095246/http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliNORMNCDC2010.pl?co0848">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WRCC&rft.atitle=Boulder%2C+Colorado+NCDC+1981%E2%80%932010+Monthly+Normals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwrcc.dri.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2FcliNORMNCDC2010.pl%3Fco0848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00050848&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL">"U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215941/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00050848&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Climate+Normals+Quick+Access&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Faccess%2Fservices%2Fdata%2Fv1%3Fdataset%3Dnormals-monthly-1991-2020%26stations%3DUSC00050848%26format%3Dpdf%26dataTypes%3DMLY-TMAX-NORMAL%2CMLY-TMIN-NORMAL%2CMLY-TAVG-NORMAL%2CMLY-PRCP-NORMAL%2CMLY-SNOW-NORMAL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/KBDU/2012/6/9/MonthlyCalendar.html?req_city=Boulder&req_state=CO&req_statename=&reqdb.zip=80301&reqdb.magic=1&reqdb.wmo=99999">"Weather History: Boulder Airport"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150712083953/http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/KBDU/2012/6/9/MonthlyCalendar.html?req_city=Boulder&req_state=CO&req_statename=&reqdb.zip=80301&reqdb.magic=1&reqdb.wmo=99999">Archived</a> from the original on July 12, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weather+History%3A+Boulder+Airport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wunderground.com%2Fhistory%2Fairport%2FKBDU%2F2012%2F6%2F9%2FMonthlyCalendar.html%3Freq_city%3DBoulder%26req_state%3DCO%26req_statename%3D%26reqdb.zip%3D80301%26reqdb.magic%3D1%26reqdb.wmo%3D99999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/boulder/dailyrecords">"Boulder Daily Climatology and Daily Records"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190711015911/https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/boulder/dailyrecords/">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boulder+Daily+Climatology+and+Daily+Records&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esrl.noaa.gov%2Fpsd%2Fboulder%2Fdailyrecords&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Weather_Service-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-National_Weather_Service_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=bou">"NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data"</a>. NOAA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508060530/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=bou">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NOWData+%E2%80%93+NOAA+Online+Weather+Data&rft.pub=NOAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw2.weather.gov%2Fclimate%2Fxmacis.php%3Fwfo%3Dbou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WA-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WA_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather-us.com/en/colorado-usa/boulder-climate">"Monthly weather forecast and climate: Boulder, CO"</a>. Weather Atlas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621162717/https://www.weather-us.com/en/colorado-usa/boulder-climate">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+weather+forecast+and+climate%3A+Boulder%2C+CO&rft.pub=Weather+Atlas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather-us.com%2Fen%2Fcolorado-usa%2Fboulder-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000CensusP004-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2000CensusP004_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF12000.P004?g=160XX00US0807850">"P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Boulder city, Colorado"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=P004+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2000%3A+DEC+Summary+File+1+%E2%80%93+Boulder+city%2C+Colorado&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FDECENNIALSF12000.P004%3Fg%3D160XX00US0807850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010CensusP2-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010CensusP2_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US0807850&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2">"P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Boulder city, Colorado"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=P2+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2010%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Boulder+city%2C+Colorado&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US0807850%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2010.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020CensusP2-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusP2_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US0807850&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">"P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Boulder city, Colorado"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=P2+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2020%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Boulder+city%2C+Colorado&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US0807850%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_2010_DP-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2010_DP_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2010_DP_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2010_DP_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212135814/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US0807850">"Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Boulder city, Colorado"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US0807850">the original</a> on February 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profile+of+General+Population+and+Housing+Characteristics%3A+2010+Demographic+Profile+Data+%28DP-1%29%3A+Boulder+city%2C+Colorado&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau%2C+American+Factfinder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FDEC%2F10_DP%2FDPDP1%2F1600000US0807850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212084656/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/11_1YR/DP03/1600000US0807850">"Selected Economic Characteristics: 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (DP03): Boulder City, Colorado"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/11_1YR/DP03/1600000US0807850">the original</a> on February 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Selected+Economic+Characteristics%3A+2011+American+Community+Survey+1-Year+Estimates+%28DP03%29%3A+Boulder+City%2C+Colorado&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau%2C+American+Factfinder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FACS%2F11_1YR%2FDP03%2F1600000US0807850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-metrogdp-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-metrogdp_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://greyhill.com/gross-metropolitan-product">"Gross Metropolitan Product"</a>. Greyhill Advisors. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111106073959/http://greyhill.com/gross-metropolitan-product/">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gross+Metropolitan+Product&rft.pub=Greyhill+Advisors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgreyhill.com%2Fgross-metropolitan-product&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carbontax.org/progress/where-carbon-is-taxed/">"Where Carbon is Taxed"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130820180507/http://www.carbontax.org/progress/where-carbon-is-taxed/">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+Carbon+is+Taxed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carbontax.org%2Fprogress%2Fwhere-carbon-is-taxed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/best-places-for-business/">"Best Places For Business and Careers – Forbes"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130808004953/http://www.forbes.com/best-places-for-business">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Best+Places+For+Business+and+Careers+%E2%80%93+Forbes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fbest-places-for-business%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/media/12532/download?inline">"Boulder, Colorado ACFR 2022"</a>. <i>bouldercolorado.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240608165140/https://bouldercolorado.gov/media/12532/download?inline">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bouldercolorado.gov&rft.atitle=Boulder%2C+Colorado+ACFR+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbouldercolorado.gov%2Fmedia%2F12532%2Fdownload%3Finline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040331011921/http://bolderboulder.com/Media%20Guide3.pdf">"Media Guide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bolderboulder.com/Media%20Guide3.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 31, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Media+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbolderboulder.com%2FMedia%2520Guide3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan_Thorburn2007" class="citation news cs1">Ryan Thorburn (May 30, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070811170240/http://www.dailycamera.com/news/2007/may/30/running-bosley-hopes-race-no-30-runs-smoother/">"Bosley hopes race No. 30 runs smoother"</a>. <i>Daily Camera</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailycamera.com/news/2007/may/30/running-bosley-hopes-race-no-30-runs-smoother">the original</a> on August 11, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Camera&rft.atitle=Bosley+hopes+race+No.+30+runs+smoother&rft.date=2007-05-30&rft.au=Ryan+Thorburn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailycamera.com%2Fnews%2F2007%2Fmay%2F30%2Frunning-bosley-hopes-race-no-30-runs-smoother&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-largest-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-largest_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202124608/http://www.runningusa.org/largest-races">"Largest Races"</a>. Running USA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.runningusa.org/largest-races">the original</a> on December 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Largest+Races&rft.pub=Running+USA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.runningusa.org%2Flargest-races&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHickman2009" class="citation web cs1">Hickman, Holly (September 7, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120808060013/http://www.boulderphil.org/about/about-boulder-phil">"About Boulder Phil"</a>. Boulderphil.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boulderphil.org/about/about-boulder-phil">the original</a> on August 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Boulder+Phil&rft.pub=Boulderphil.org&rft.date=2009-09-07&rft.aulast=Hickman&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boulderphil.org%2Fabout%2Fabout-boulder-phil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shulgold, Marc, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102180009/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-67782158.html">20 Years of High Notes, Giora Bernstein Ignores Naysayers to Build the Award-winning Colorado Music Festival</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_News" title="Rocky Mountain News">Rocky Mountain News</a></i>, June 12, 1996 (accessed December 13, 2009, via subscription)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coloradogives.org/boulderbachfestival/overview?step=step1">"Boulder Bach Festival"</a>. <i>www.coloradogives.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.coloradogives.org&rft.atitle=Boulder+Bach+Festival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coloradogives.org%2Fboulderbachfestival%2Foverview%3Fstep%3Dstep1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.earlymusicamerica.org/boulder-bach-festival/">"Boulder Bach Festival Goes Beyond Bach"</a>. <i>Early Music America</i>. May 13, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118225720/https://www.earlymusicamerica.org/boulder-bach-festival/">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Early+Music+America&rft.atitle=Boulder+Bach+Festival+Goes+Beyond+Bach&rft.date=2019-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlymusicamerica.org%2Fboulder-bach-festival%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232326/http://boulderballet.org/our-story/">"Our Story – Boulder Ballet"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boulderballet.org/our-story/">the original</a> on January 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Story+%E2%80%93+Boulder+Ballet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboulderballet.org%2Four-story%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lemonspongecake.org/contemporary-ballet-choreographer/">"contemporary ballet choreographer"</a>. <i>Lemon Sponge Cake Contemporary Ballet</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232243/https://lemonspongecake.org/contemporary-ballet-choreographer/">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lemon+Sponge+Cake+Contemporary+Ballet&rft.atitle=contemporary+ballet+choreographer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flemonspongecake.org%2Fcontemporary-ballet-choreographer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrittany_Anas2011" class="citation news cs1">Brittany Anas (February 2, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailycamera.com/ci_17271639">"CU-Boulder's Conference on World Affairs announces 'What Matters' theme"</a>. <i>Daily Camera</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918192141/http://www.dailycamera.com/ci_17271639">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Camera&rft.atitle=CU-Boulder%27s+Conference+on+World+Affairs+announces+%27What+Matters%27+theme&rft.date=2011-02-02&rft.au=Brittany+Anas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailycamera.com%2Fci_17271639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160129170054/http://www.heyreverb.com/blog/2013/01/04/etown-boulder/59338/">"Radio's eTown, a Boulder stage for James Taylor, Emmylou Harris, Buddy Guy, Neko Case even Al Gore"</a>. <i>Reverb</i>. Denver Post. January 4, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heyreverb.com/blog/2013/01/04/etown-boulder/59338/">the original</a> on January 29, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reverb&rft.atitle=Radio%27s+eTown%2C+a+Boulder+stage+for+James+Taylor%2C+Emmylou+Harris%2C+Buddy+Guy%2C+Neko+Case+even+Al+Gore&rft.date=2013-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heyreverb.com%2Fblog%2F2013%2F01%2F04%2Fetown-boulder%2F59338%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFANDREW_WINEKE2016" class="citation news cs1">ANDREW WINEKE (January 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160220202449/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-20071667.html">"BEHIND 'ETOWN'; Music is entree for radio show's message"</a>. The Gazette (Colorado Springs, CO). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-20071667.html">the original</a> on February 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BEHIND+%27ETOWN%27%3B+Music+is+entree+for+radio+show%27s+message.&rft.date=2016-01-23&rft.au=ANDREW+WINEKE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P2-20071667.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaye2005" class="citation news cs1">Kaye, Nick (December 23, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/23/travel/escapes/23ahead.html">"Polar Bear Club Swims: New Year Parties (Don't Hold the Ice)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117021859/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/23/travel/escapes/polar-bear-club-swims-new-year-parties-dont-hold-the-ice.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Polar+Bear+Club+Swims%3A+New+Year+Parties+%28Don%27t+Hold+the+Ice%29&rft.date=2005-12-23&rft.aulast=Kaye&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F12%2F23%2Ftravel%2Fescapes%2F23ahead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTidd2014" class="citation news cs1">Tidd, Kelly (February 3, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yourboulder.com/boulder-polar-plunge/">"Boulder Polar Plunge"</a>. Your Boulder. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215204115/https://yourboulder.com/boulder-polar-plunge/">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Boulder+Polar+Plunge&rft.date=2014-02-03&rft.aulast=Tidd&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyourboulder.com%2Fboulder-polar-plunge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8336308.stm">"Police squash nude pumpkin run"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. November 1, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Police+squash+nude+pumpkin+run&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Famericas%2F8336308.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnas2010" class="citation news cs1">Anas, Brittany (April 20, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927183705/http://www.coloradodaily.com/ci_14920666?IADID=Search-www.coloradodaily.com-www.coloradodaily.com#axzz15l3ssutd">"Thousands gather for 4/20 smoke-out on CU-Boulder campus"</a>. <i>Colorado Daily</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coloradodaily.com/ci_14920666?IADID=Search-www.coloradodaily.com-www.coloradodaily.com#axzz15l3ssutd">the original</a> on September 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Colorado+Daily&rft.atitle=Thousands+gather+for+4%2F20+smoke-out+on+CU-Boulder+campus&rft.date=2010-04-20&rft.aulast=Anas&rft.aufirst=Brittany&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coloradodaily.com%2Fci_14920666%3FIADID%3DSearch-www.coloradodaily.com-www.coloradodaily.com%23axzz15l3ssutd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRael2011" class="citation news cs1">Rael, Andre (April 21, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/21/thousands-showed-for-420-_n_852118.html">"4/20 Boulder Smoke-Out Attracts 10,000"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111003852/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/21/thousands-showed-for-420-_n_852118.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=4%2F20+Boulder+Smoke-Out+Attracts+10%2C000&rft.date=2011-04-21&rft.aulast=Rael&rft.aufirst=Andre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2011%2F04%2F21%2Fthousands-showed-for-420-_n_852118.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpellman2012" class="citation news cs1">Spellman, Jim (April 20, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/20/us/university-colorado-marijuana-rally/">"Colorado public pot-smoking event snuffed out"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029190453/http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/20/us/university-colorado-marijuana-rally/">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Colorado+public+pot-smoking+event+snuffed+out&rft.date=2012-04-20&rft.aulast=Spellman&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2012%2F04%2F20%2Fus%2Funiversity-colorado-marijuana-rally%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnasRubinoKuta" class="citation news cs1">Anas, Brittany; Rubino, Joe; Kuta, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185721/http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_23066352/cu-boulder-closes-campus-deter-4-20-crowd">"CU-Boulder succeeds in snuffing campus 4/20 smoke-out"</a>. <i>Denver Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_23066352/cu-boulder-closes-campus-deter-4-20-crowd">the original</a> on October 29, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Denver+Post&rft.atitle=CU-Boulder+succeeds+in+snuffing+campus+4%2F20+smoke-out&rft.aulast=Anas&rft.aufirst=Brittany&rft.au=Rubino%2C+Joe&rft.au=Kuta%2C+Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2Fnews%2Fci_23066352%2Fcu-boulder-closes-campus-deter-4-20-crowd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160415120528/http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/local-news/marijuana/cu-boulder-reopening-campus-after-3-years-of-420-closures"><i>CU Boulder reopening campus after 3 years of 4/20 closures</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/local-news/marijuana/cu-boulder-reopening-campus-after-3-years-of-420-closures">the original</a> on April 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CU+Boulder+reopening+campus+after+3+years+of+4%2F20+closures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedenverchannel.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fmarijuana%2Fcu-boulder-reopening-campus-after-3-years-of-420-closures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaggard2021" class="citation web cs1">Haggard, Lucy (August 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boulderweekly.com/special-editions/feeling-young-and-youthful-and-crazy/">"Feeling young and youthful and crazy"</a>. <i>Boulder Weekly</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221002213231/https://www.boulderweekly.com/special-editions/feeling-young-and-youthful-and-crazy/">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boulder+Weekly&rft.atitle=Feeling+young+and+youthful+and+crazy&rft.date=2021-08-19&rft.aulast=Haggard&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boulderweekly.com%2Fspecial-editions%2Ffeeling-young-and-youthful-and-crazy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2009" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Vanessa (August 14, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailycamera.com/archivesearch/ci_13081304#axzz0mpwnioaG">"Cruisers Closing Ride to Public"</a>. <i>Daily Camera</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825212415/http://www.dailycamera.com/archivesearch/ci_13081304#axzz0mpwnioaG">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Camera&rft.atitle=Cruisers+Closing+Ride+to+Public&rft.date=2009-08-14&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailycamera.com%2Farchivesearch%2Fci_13081304%23axzz0mpwnioaG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailycamera.com/news/boulder/ci_26429509/mapleton-elk-sentencing-sam-carter-boulder-police">"Sam Carter spared prison in Mapleton elk case, sentenced to 4 years probation"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150503075615/http://www.dailycamera.com/news/boulder/ci_26429509/mapleton-elk-sentencing-sam-carter-boulder-police">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sam+Carter+spared+prison+in+Mapleton+elk+case%2C+sentenced+to+4+years+probation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailycamera.com%2Fnews%2Fboulder%2Fci_26429509%2Fmapleton-elk-sentencing-sam-carter-boulder-police&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2013" class="citation news cs1">Staff, Camera (May 30, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailycamera.com/news/boulder/ci_23358275/boulder-cruisers-ride-mapleton-elk">"Boulder Cruisers Ride for Mapleton Elk"</a>. <i>Daily Camera</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113455/http://www.dailycamera.com/news/boulder/ci_23358275/boulder-cruisers-ride-mapleton-elk">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Camera&rft.atitle=Boulder+Cruisers+Ride+for+Mapleton+Elk&rft.date=2013-05-30&rft.aulast=Staff&rft.aufirst=Camera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailycamera.com%2Fnews%2Fboulder%2Fci_23358275%2Fboulder-cruisers-ride-mapleton-elk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161230012928/http://www.bouldercounty.org/os/openspace/pages/posacres.aspx">"Acres of Open Space"</a>. Boulder County. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bouldercounty.org/os/openspace/pages/posacres.aspx">the original</a> on December 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Acres+of+Open+Space&rft.pub=Boulder+County&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bouldercounty.org%2Fos%2Fopenspace%2Fpages%2Fposacres.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mountainproject.com/area/105744246/eldorado-canyon-state-park">"Eldorado Canyon State Park Rock Climbing"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230713160820/https://www.mountainproject.com/area/105744246/eldorado-canyon-state-park">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eldorado+Canyon+State+Park+Rock+Climbing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mountainproject.com%2Farea%2F105744246%2Feldorado-canyon-state-park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100209073248/http://parks.state.co.us/Parks/EldoradoCanyon/Publications/">"Eldorado Canyon State Park Publications"</a>. Colorado State Parks. May 27, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parks.state.co.us/Parks/EldoradoCanyon/Publications/">the original</a> on February 9, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eldorado+Canyon+State+Park+Publications&rft.pub=Colorado+State+Parks&rft.date=2010-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparks.state.co.us%2FParks%2FEldoradoCanyon%2FPublications%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090213120934/http://www.flatironsclimbing.com/climbing/wildlife.php">"Flatirons Climbing Council Wildlife Closures"</a>. Flatirons Climbing Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flatironsclimbing.com/climbing/wildlife.php">the original</a> on February 13, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flatirons+Climbing+Council+Wildlife+Closures&rft.pub=Flatirons+Climbing+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flatironsclimbing.com%2Fclimbing%2Fwildlife.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/codes/colorado/2016/title-31/corporate-class-organization-and-territory/article-1/part-2/section-31-1-202">"Colorado Revised Statutes"</a>. <i>Justia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200204190457/https://law.justia.com/codes/colorado/2016/title-31/corporate-class-organization-and-territory/article-1/part-2/section-31-1-202">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Justia&rft.atitle=Colorado+Revised+Statutes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.justia.com%2Fcodes%2Fcolorado%2F2016%2Ftitle-31%2Fcorporate-class-organization-and-territory%2Farticle-1%2Fpart-2%2Fsection-31-1-202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://election.boco.solutions/CR_WebReporting/VoterReg">"Boulder County Voter Registration Data"</a>. <i>election.boco.solutions</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190722023522/https://election.boco.solutions/CR_WebReporting/VoterReg">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=election.boco.solutions&rft.atitle=Boulder+County+Voter+Registration+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felection.boco.solutions%2FCR_WebReporting%2FVoterReg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaylon_Lewis2013" class="citation web cs1">Waylon Lewis (June 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elephantjournal.com/2013/06/somethings-rotten-in-the-peoples-republic-of-boulder-three-things-to-be-exact/">"Something's Rotten in the People's Republic of Boulder. Three Things, to be Exact"</a>. <i>Elephant Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150909163647/http://www.elephantjournal.com/2013/06/somethings-rotten-in-the-peoples-republic-of-boulder-three-things-to-be-exact/">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elephant+Journal&rft.atitle=Something%27s+Rotten+in+the+People%27s+Republic+of+Boulder.+Three+Things%2C+to+be+Exact.&rft.date=2013-06-01&rft.au=Waylon+Lewis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elephantjournal.com%2F2013%2F06%2Fsomethings-rotten-in-the-peoples-republic-of-boulder-three-things-to-be-exact%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerel2004" class="citation news cs1">Herel, Suzanne (February 14, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2004%2F02%2F14%2FMNG3R517N51.DTL">"San Francisco not the first to marry couples of the same gender"</a>. <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120418200631/http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2004%2F02%2F14%2FMNG3R517N51.DTL">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=San+Francisco+not+the+first+to+marry+couples+of+the+same+gender&rft.date=2004-02-14&rft.aulast=Herel&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%252Fc%252Fa%252F2004%252F02%252F14%252FMNG3R517N51.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/climate">"Climate"</a>. <i>bouldercolorado.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210503211333/https://bouldercolorado.gov/climate">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bouldercolorado.gov&rft.atitle=Climate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbouldercolorado.gov%2Fclimate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615004043/https://bouldercolorado.gov/climate/energy-future">"Energy"</a>. <i>bouldercolorado.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/climate/energy-future">the original</a> on June 15, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bouldercolorado.gov&rft.atitle=Energy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbouldercolorado.gov%2Fclimate%2Fenergy-future&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/boulder-measures/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-city-operations-and-facilities">"Greenhouse Gas Emissions From City Operations and Facilities"</a>. <i>bouldercolorado.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210503211331/https://bouldercolorado.gov/boulder-measures/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-city-operations-and-facilities">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bouldercolorado.gov&rft.atitle=Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions+From+City+Operations+and+Facilities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbouldercolorado.gov%2Fboulder-measures%2Fgreenhouse-gas-emissions-from-city-operations-and-facilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614235505/https://bouldercolorado.gov/boulder-measures/local-renewable-generation">"Local Renewable Generation"</a>. <i>bouldercolorado.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/boulder-measures/local-renewable-generation">the original</a> on June 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bouldercolorado.gov&rft.atitle=Local+Renewable+Generation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbouldercolorado.gov%2Fboulder-measures%2Flocal-renewable-generation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615011648/https://bouldercolorado.gov/climate/cmap">"Climate Mobilization Action Plan (CMAP)"</a>. <i>bouldercolorado.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/climate/cmap">the original</a> on June 15, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bouldercolorado.gov&rft.atitle=Climate+Mobilization+Action+Plan+%28CMAP%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbouldercolorado.gov%2Fclimate%2Fcmap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://localhistory.boulderlibrary.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A57059?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=c166c0c2b04af831920f&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=4">"Carnegie Library – Boulder Planet, 1996–2000"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180817124955/https://localhistory.boulderlibrary.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A57059?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=c166c0c2b04af831920f&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=4">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carnegie+Library+%E2%80%93+Boulder+Planet%2C+1996%E2%80%932000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flocalhistory.boulderlibrary.org%2Fislandora%2Fobject%2Fislandora%253A57059%3Fsolr_nav%255Bid%255D%3Dc166c0c2b04af831920f%26solr_nav%255Bpage%255D%3D0%26solr_nav%255Boffset%255D%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brockpub.com/publications/boulder-magazine/">"Boulder Magazine | Brock Publishing"</a>. May 8, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918231118/http://brockpub.com/publications/boulder-magazine/">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boulder+Magazine+%7C+Brock+Publishing&rft.date=2014-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrockpub.com%2Fpublications%2Fboulder-magazine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/boulder8">"Boulder 8 TV"</a>. <i>bouldercolorado.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917222254/https://bouldercolorado.gov/boulder8">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bouldercolorado.gov&rft.atitle=Boulder+8+TV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbouldercolorado.gov%2Fboulder8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kgnu.org/ht/aboutus.html">"About us"</a>. KGNU. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090423071618/http://www.kgnu.org/ht/aboutus.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+us&rft.pub=KGNU&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkgnu.org%2Fht%2Faboutus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HuffPost_2010-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HuffPost_2010_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalter2010" class="citation web cs1">Walter, Claire (March 18, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/claire-walter/kbco-abandoning-boulder_b_425142.html">"KBCO Abandoning Boulder"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130331042156/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/claire-walter/kbco-abandoning-boulder_b_425142.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=KBCO+Abandoning+Boulder&rft.date=2010-03-18&rft.aulast=Walter&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fclaire-walter%2Fkbco-abandoning-boulder_b_425142.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radio-locator.com/info/KBCO-FM">"KBCO-FM Radio Station Information"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121107011423/http://www.radio-locator.com/info/KBCO-FM">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KBCO-FM+Radio+Station+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradio-locator.com%2Finfo%2FKBCO-FM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203050845/http://www.radio1190.org/press/">"Press"</a>. Radio1190.org. November 4, 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio1190.org/press/">the original</a> on December 3, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press&rft.pub=Radio1190.org&rft.date=1998-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radio1190.org%2Fpress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://upcolorado.com/">"University Press of Colorado – University Press of Colorado, including Utah State University Press"</a>. <i>upcolorado.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180919145328/https://upcolorado.com/">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=upcolorado.com&rft.atitle=University+Press+of+Colorado+%E2%80%93+University+Press+of+Colorado%2C+including+Utah+State+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fupcolorado.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060425212331/http://www.paladin-press.com/">"Paladin Press"</a>. Paladin Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paladin-press.com/">the original</a> on April 25, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paladin+Press&rft.pub=Paladin+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paladin-press.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120829140337/http://www.sofmag.com/website-advertising">"Soldier of Fortune"</a>. Sofmag.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sofmag.com/website-advertising">the original</a> on August 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Soldier+of+Fortune&rft.pub=Sofmag.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sofmag.com%2Fwebsite-advertising&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paladin-press.com/company_history">"Paladin Press Company History"</a>. Paladin-press.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120921105554/http://www.paladin-press.com/company_history">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paladin+Press+Company+History&rft.pub=Paladin-press.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paladin-press.com%2Fcompany_history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamera_|2019" class="citation web cs1">Camera |, Boulder Daily (April 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denverpost.com/2019/04/01/boulder-commuting-climate-change/">"Heavy commuting into Boulder drives challenges for city"</a>. <i>The Denver Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230725204428/https://www.denverpost.com/2019/04/01/boulder-commuting-climate-change/">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Denver+Post&rft.atitle=Heavy+commuting+into+Boulder+drives+challenges+for+city&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft.aulast=Camera+%7C&rft.aufirst=Boulder+Daily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2F2019%2F04%2F01%2Fboulder-commuting-climate-change%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henao, Alejandro, et al. "Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Investments And Mode Share Changes: A 20-Year Background Of Boulder, Colorado." Transport Policy 37.(2015): 64–71. Academic Search Complete. Web. February 16, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170726134351/https://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/acs-15.pdf">"Commuting in the United States: 2009"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Community Survey Reports. September 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/acs-15.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 26, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commuting+in+the+United+States%3A+2009&rft.series=American+Community+Survey+Reports&rft.date=2011-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2F2011pubs%2Facs-15.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenzie,_Brian2015" class="citation web cs1">McKenzie, Brian (August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/acs/acs-32.pdf">"Who Drives to Work? Commuting by Automobile in the United States: 2013"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Survey Reports. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150813230230/http://census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/acs/acs-32.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 13, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+Drives+to+Work%3F+Commuting+by+Automobile+in+the+United+States%3A+2013&rft.series=American+Survey+Reports&rft.date=2015-08&rft.au=McKenzie%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2FCensus%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2F2015%2Facs%2Facs-32.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtd-fastracks.com/us36_1">"Flatiron Flyer – Bus Rapid Transit"</a>. Transportation District of Denver. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150315082354/http://rtd-fastracks.com/us36_1">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flatiron+Flyer+%E2%80%93+Bus+Rapid+Transit&rft.pub=Transportation+District+of+Denver&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtd-fastracks.com%2Fus36_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtd-denver.com/Schedules.shtml#bus">"Bus Schedules"</a>. Regional Transportation District. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120711140841/http://www.rtd-denver.com/Schedules.shtml#bus">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bus+Schedules&rft.pub=Regional+Transportation+District&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtd-denver.com%2FSchedules.shtml%23bus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeins2021" class="citation news cs1">Heins, Nicole (April 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kktv.com/2021/04/13/amtrak-hopes-to-reduce-i-25-traffic-by-creating-a-passenger-rail-along-the-front-range/">"Amtrak hopes to reduce I-25 traffic by creating a passenger rail along the Front Range"</a>. <i>KKTV 11 News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KKTV+11+News&rft.atitle=Amtrak+hopes+to+reduce+I-25+traffic+by+creating+a+passenger+rail+along+the+Front+Range&rft.date=2021-04-13&rft.aulast=Heins&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kktv.com%2F2021%2F04%2F13%2Famtrak-hopes-to-reduce-i-25-traffic-by-creating-a-passenger-rail-along-the-front-range%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngelbart2016" class="citation news cs1">Engelbart, Drew (July 24, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kdvr.com/2016/07/24/rtds-b-line-and-westminster-station-officially-opens-on-monday/">"RTD's B Line and Westminster Station open"</a>. FOX31 Denver. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726132110/http://kdvr.com/2016/07/24/rtds-b-line-and-westminster-station-officially-opens-on-monday/">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=RTD%27s+B+Line+and+Westminster+Station+open&rft.date=2016-07-24&rft.aulast=Engelbart&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkdvr.com%2F2016%2F07%2F24%2Frtds-b-line-and-westminster-station-officially-opens-on-monday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhaley2012" class="citation news cs1">Whaley, Monte (June 29, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denverpost.com/breakingnews/ci_20968210/rtd-and-other-officials-vow-finish-denvers-northwest">"RTD and other officials vow to finish Denver's Northwest Rail Line"</a>. <i>Denver Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130428083841/http://www.denverpost.com/breakingnews/ci_20968210/rtd-and-other-officials-vow-finish-denvers-northwest">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Denver+Post&rft.atitle=RTD+and+other+officials+vow+to+finish+Denver%27s+Northwest+Rail+Line&rft.date=2012-06-29&rft.aulast=Whaley&rft.aufirst=Monte&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2Fbreakingnews%2Fci_20968210%2Frtd-and-other-officials-vow-finish-denvers-northwest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20141020053943/http://gisims.ci.boulder.co.us/website/pds/bikeroute/GoBikeBoulder.aspx">"GOBikeBoulder.net"</a>. City of Boulder. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gisims.ci.boulder.co.us/website/pds/bikeroute/GoBikeBoulder.aspx">the original</a> on October 20, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2014</span>. <q>Login as guest required.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GOBikeBoulder.net&rft.pub=City+of+Boulder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgisims.ci.boulder.co.us%2Fwebsite%2Fpds%2Fbikeroute%2FGoBikeBoulder.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NEW_PLATINUM,_NEW_GOLD_BICYCLE_FRIENDLY_COMMUNITIES-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NEW_PLATINUM,_NEW_GOLD_BICYCLE_FRIENDLY_COMMUNITIES_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bikeleague.org/content/new-platinum-new-gold-bicycle-friendly-communities">"NEW PLATINUM, NEW GOLD BICYCLE FRIENDLY COMMUNITIES"</a>. <a href="/wiki/League_of_American_Bicyclists" title="League of American Bicyclists">League of American Bicyclists</a>. November 13, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210607174804/https://bikeleague.org/content/new-platinum-new-gold-bicycle-friendly-communities">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NEW+PLATINUM%2C+NEW+GOLD+BICYCLE+FRIENDLY+COMMUNITIES&rft.pub=League+of+American+Bicyclists&rft.date=2015-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbikeleague.org%2Fcontent%2Fnew-platinum-new-gold-bicycle-friendly-communities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2017taxreturn-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2017taxreturn_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.irs.gov/pub/epostcard/cor/461370418_201712_990EZ_2018073115554767.pdf">"WARMSHOWERS ORG"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a>. 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191226174626/https://apps.irs.gov/pub/epostcard/cor/461370418_201712_990EZ_2018073115554767.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WARMSHOWERS+ORG&rft.pub=Internal+Revenue+Service&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.irs.gov%2Fpub%2Fepostcard%2Fcor%2F461370418_201712_990EZ_2018073115554767.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrie2013" class="citation news cs1">Urie, Heath (May 20, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailycamera.com/ci_18104126">"Boulder B-cycle launches high-tech bike-sharing program with 100 bikes"</a>. <i>Daily Camera</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193138/http://www.dailycamera.com/ci_18104126">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Camera&rft.atitle=Boulder+B-cycle+launches+high-tech+bike-sharing+program+with+100+bikes&rft.date=2013-05-20&rft.aulast=Urie&rft.aufirst=Heath&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailycamera.com%2Fci_18104126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcr1.com/5010web/airport.cfm?Site=BDU">"AirportIQ 5010"</a>. <i>BOULDER MUNI</i>. September 18, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141026122532/http://www.gcr1.com/5010web/airport.cfm?Site=BDU">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BOULDER+MUNI&rft.atitle=AirportIQ+5010&rft.date=2014-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gcr1.com%2F5010web%2Fairport.cfm%3FSite%3DBDU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117074634/http://www.ucar.edu/communications/staffnotes/9806/here.html">"Cut to the chase: Woody Allen at NCAR"</a>. UCAR. June 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucar.edu/communications/staffnotes/9806/here.html">the original</a> on January 17, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cut+to+the+chase%3A+Woody+Allen+at+NCAR&rft.pub=UCAR&rft.date=1998-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucar.edu%2Fcommunications%2Fstaffnotes%2F9806%2Fhere.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stephenking.com/the_author.html">"About the author"</a>. StephenKing.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120917154420/http://www.stephenking.com/the_author.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+author&rft.pub=StephenKing.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stephenking.com%2Fthe_author.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sitcomsonline.com/morkfaq.html">"Mork and Mindy FAQ"</a>. Sitcomsonline.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918192433/http://www.sitcomsonline.com/morkfaq.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mork+and+Mindy+FAQ&rft.pub=Sitcomsonline.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sitcomsonline.com%2Fmorkfaq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMork_and_Mindy:_New_York_Deli" class="citation web cs1">Mork and Mindy: New York Deli. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colorado.com/filmed-colorado/mork-and-mindy-new-york-deli">"Mork and Mindy"</a>. Colorado.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150202165817/http://www.colorado.com/filmed-colorado/mork-and-mindy-new-york-deli">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mork+and+Mindy.&rft.pub=Colorado.com&rft.au=Mork+and+Mindy%3A+New+York+Deli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colorado.com%2Ffilmed-colorado%2Fmork-and-mindy-new-york-deli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarah_Kuta2011" class="citation news cs1">Sarah Kuta (April 29, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailycamera.com/boulder-county-news/ci_17959917">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Office' ex-boss Michael Scott moving to Boulder"</a>. <i>Daily Camera</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121030211848/http://www.dailycamera.com/boulder-county-news/ci_17959917">Archived</a> from the original on October 30, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Camera&rft.atitle=%27The+Office%27+ex-boss+Michael+Scott+moving+to+Boulder&rft.date=2011-04-29&rft.au=Sarah+Kuta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailycamera.com%2Fboulder-county-news%2Fci_17959917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/nov/22/emmylou-harris-on-her-greatest-hits-i-was-arrogant-enough-to-think-i-could-survive-a-flop">"Emmylou Harris on her greatest hits: 'I was arrogant enough to think I could survive a flop'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. November 22, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525020249/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/nov/22/emmylou-harris-on-her-greatest-hits-i-was-arrogant-enough-to-think-i-could-survive-a-flop">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Emmylou+Harris+on+her+greatest+hits%3A+%27I+was+arrogant+enough+to+think+I+could+survive+a+flop%27&rft.date=2018-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2018%2Fnov%2F22%2Femmylou-harris-on-her-greatest-hits-i-was-arrogant-enough-to-think-i-could-survive-a-flop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2019/03/broad-city-series-finale-ending-abbi-jacobson-ilana-glazer">"Broad City Could Have Ended on One Final Twist"</a>. <i>Vanity Fair</i>. March 29, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201032750/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2019/03/broad-city-series-finale-ending-abbi-jacobson-ilana-glazer">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=Broad+City+Could+Have+Ended+on+One+Final+Twist&rft.date=2019-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fhollywood%2F2019%2F03%2Fbroad-city-series-finale-ending-abbi-jacobson-ilana-glazer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bouldercoloradousa.com/film/catch-and-release-movie/">"Catch & Release Movie"</a>. <i>www.bouldercoloradousa.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bouldercoloradousa.com&rft.atitle=Catch+%26+Release+Movie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bouldercoloradousa.com%2Ffilm%2Fcatch-and-release-movie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/newsroom/boulders-10-sister-cities">"Get to Know Boulder's 10 Sister Cities"</a>. City of Boulder. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122184542/https://bouldercolorado.gov/newsroom/boulders-10-sister-cities">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Get+to+Know+Boulder%27s+10+Sister+Cities&rft.pub=City+of+Boulder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbouldercolorado.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fboulders-10-sister-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404223606/https://bouldercolorado.gov/sister-cities/sister-city-plaza">"Sister City Plaza"</a>. City of Boulder. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/sister-cities/sister-city-plaza">the original</a> on April 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sister+City+Plaza&rft.pub=City+of+Boulder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbouldercolorado.gov%2Fsister-cities%2Fsister-city-plaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boulder-dushanbe.org/">"Welcome to Boulder-Dushanbe Sister Cities"</a>. Boulder-Dushanbe Sister Cities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126100104/https://www.boulder-dushanbe.org/">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Boulder-Dushanbe+Sister+Cities&rft.pub=Boulder-Dushanbe+Sister+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boulder-dushanbe.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boulder-mante.org/?page_id=227">"Mural"</a>. Boulder-Mante Sister City Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150813202914/http://boulder-mante.org/?page_id=227">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mural&rft.pub=Boulder-Mante+Sister+City+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboulder-mante.org%2F%3Fpage_id%3D227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoulder%2C+Colorado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Boulder,_Colorado#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Boulder, Colorado">Bibliography of the history of Boulder, Colorado</a></div> <ul><li>Deloria, Philip J. "Drain the Lake! Tear Down the Butte! Build Paradise!: The Environmental Dimensions of Social and Economic Power in Boulder, Colorado, and Benzie, Michigan," <i>Southern California Quarterly</i> (2007): 65–88. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41172353">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Pettem, Silvia. <i>Boulder: Evolution of a City</i> (University Press of Colorado, 1994)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Boulder, Colorado</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Boulder,_Colorado" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Boulder, Colorado">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Boulder" class="extiw" title="voy:Boulder">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Boulder_(Colorado)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Boulder (Colorado)">Boulder (Colorado)</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bouldercolorado.gov/">City of Boulder website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dtdapps.coloradodot.info/staticdata/Downloads/CityMaps/BOULDER.pdf">CDOT map of the City of Boulder</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Surrounding_communities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Surrounding_communities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><b>Surrounding communities</b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niwot" class="mw-redirect" title="Niwot">Niwot</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Pine_Brook_Hill,_Colorado" title="Pine Brook Hill, Colorado">Pine Brook Hill</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rockies" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockies">Rockies</a></i></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Boulder</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Gunbarrel,_Colorado" title="Gunbarrel, Colorado">Gunbarrel</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Boulder_County,_Colorado,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Boulder_County,_Colorado" title="Template:Boulder County, Colorado"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Boulder_County,_Colorado" title="Template talk:Boulder County, Colorado"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Boulder_County,_Colorado" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Boulder County, Colorado"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Boulder_County,_Colorado,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Boulder_County,_Colorado" title="Boulder County, Colorado"><span class="region">Boulder County, Colorado</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span>Boulder</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Colorado" title="Lafayette, Colorado">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longmont,_Colorado" title="Longmont, Colorado">Longmont</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Colorado" title="Louisville, Colorado">Louisville</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of Colorado highlighting Boulder County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Map_of_Colorado_highlighting_Boulder_County.svg/180px-Map_of_Colorado_highlighting_Boulder_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Map_of_Colorado_highlighting_Boulder_County.svg/270px-Map_of_Colorado_highlighting_Boulder_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Map_of_Colorado_highlighting_Boulder_County.svg/360px-Map_of_Colorado_highlighting_Boulder_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1558" data-file-height="1128" /></span><figcaption>Map of Colorado highlighting Boulder County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erie,_Colorado" title="Erie, Colorado">Erie</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Colorado" title="Jamestown, Colorado">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyons,_Colorado" title="Lyons, Colorado">Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederland,_Colorado" title="Nederland, Colorado">Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior,_Colorado" title="Superior, Colorado">Superior</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward,_Colorado" title="Ward, Colorado">Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allenspark,_Colorado" title="Allenspark, Colorado">Allenspark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altona,_Colorado" title="Altona, Colorado">Altona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bark_Ranch,_Colorado" title="Bark Ranch, Colorado">Bark Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonanza_Mountain_Estates,_Colorado" title="Bonanza Mountain Estates, Colorado">Bonanza Mountain Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Creek,_Boulder_County,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal Creek, Boulder County, Colorado">Coal Creek</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisman,_Colorado" title="Crisman, Colorado">Crisman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldora,_Colorado" title="Eldora, Colorado">Eldora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Eldorado Springs, Colorado">Eldorado Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Boulder_County,_Colorado" title="Glendale, Boulder County, Colorado">Glendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Hill,_Colorado" title="Gold Hill, Colorado">Gold Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunbarrel,_Colorado" title="Gunbarrel, Colorado">Gunbarrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Lake,_Colorado" title="Hidden Lake, Colorado">Hidden Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazy_Acres,_Colorado" title="Lazy Acres, Colorado">Lazy Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyner,_Colorado" title="Leyner, Colorado">Leyner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Meadows,_Colorado" title="Mountain Meadows, Colorado">Mountain Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niwot,_Colorado" title="Niwot, Colorado">Niwot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paragon_Estates,_Colorado" title="Paragon Estates, Colorado">Paragon Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Brook_Hill,_Colorado" title="Pine Brook Hill, Colorado">Pine Brook Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Ann_Highlands,_Colorado" title="St. Ann Highlands, Colorado">St. Ann Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Hills,_Colorado" title="Seven Hills, Colorado">Seven Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarloaf,_Colorado" title="Sugarloaf, Colorado">Sugarloaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine,_Colorado" title="Sunshine, Colorado">Sunshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_Timber,_Colorado" title="Tall Timber, Colorado">Tall Timber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmont,_Colorado" title="Valmont, Colorado">Valmont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canfield,_Colorado" title="Canfield, Colorado">Canfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribou,_Colorado" title="Caribou, Colorado">Caribou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gooding,_Colorado" title="Gooding, Colorado">Gooding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene,_Colorado" title="Hygiene, Colorado">Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liggett,_Colorado" title="Liggett, Colorado">Liggett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinecliffe,_Colorado" title="Pinecliffe, Colorado">Pinecliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salina,_Colorado" title="Salina, Colorado">Salina</a></li> <li>Tabor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wondervu,_Colorado" title="Wondervu, Colorado">Wondervu</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tungsten,_Colorado" title="Tungsten, Colorado">Tungsten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Colorado_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Colorado (state)"><span>Colorado portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Colorado" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible show navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colorado" title="Template:Colorado"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colorado" title="Template talk:Colorado"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colorado" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colorado"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Colorado" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Colorado" title="Outline of Colorado">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Colorado" title="Bibliography of Colorado">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Colorado-related_articles" title="Index of Colorado-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Colorado" title="Outline of Colorado">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Colorado" title="Climate change in Colorado">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Colorado" title="List of colleges and universities in Colorado">Colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Colorado" title="List of people from Colorado">Coloradans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Colorado" title="Elections in Colorado">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_lands_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of federal lands in Colorado">Federal lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Colorado" title="Geography of Colorado">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Colorado" title="Government of Colorado">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Register of Historic Places in Colorado">Historic places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Colorado" title="History of Colorado">History</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Colorado" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Colorado">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_reservations_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Native American reservations in Colorado">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Colorado" title="Law of Colorado">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Colorado-related_lists" title="List of Colorado-related lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_installations_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of military installations in Colorado">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_Colorado" title="List of mountain peaks of Colorado">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado" title="List of municipalities in Colorado">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Colorado" title="List of museums in Colorado">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_forests_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national forests in Colorado">National Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Park_System_areas_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Park System areas in Colorado">National Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontology_in_Colorado" title="Paleontology in Colorado">Paleontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_sites_in_Colorado" title="List of prehistoric sites in Colorado">Prehistoric sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Colorado" title="Prehistory of Colorado">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Colorado" title="List of protected areas of Colorado">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Colorado_railroads" title="List of Colorado railroads">Railroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Colorado" title="List of rivers of Colorado">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Colorado" title="History of slavery in Colorado">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statistical_areas_in_Colorado" title="List of statistical areas in Colorado">Statistical areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Colorado_state_symbols" title="List of Colorado state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Colorado_history" title="Timeline of Colorado history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Colorado" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Colorado">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of populated places in Colorado">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trails_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of trails in Colorado">Trails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Colorado" title="Transportation in Colorado">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_wildernesses_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national wildernesses in Colorado">Wildernesses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Colorado" title="Abortion in Colorado">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Colorado" title="Crime in Colorado">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado#Culture" title="Colorado">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado#Demographics" title="Colorado">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Colorado" title="Economy of Colorado">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado#Education" title="Colorado">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Colorado" title="Gun laws in Colorado">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Colorado" title="Homelessness in Colorado">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Colorado">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Colorado" title="Politics of Colorado">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado#Religion" title="Colorado">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Colorado" title="Sports in Colorado">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado" title="List of municipalities in Colorado">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamosa,_Colorado" title="Alamosa, Colorado">Alamosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvada,_Colorado" title="Arvada, Colorado">Arvada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspen,_Colorado" title="Aspen, Colorado">Aspen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Colorado" title="Aurora, Colorado">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk,_Colorado" title="Black Hawk, Colorado">Black Hawk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Colorado" title="Brighton, Colorado">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomfield,_Colorado" title="Broomfield, Colorado">Broomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush,_Colorado" title="Brush, Colorado">Brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Colorado" title="Burlington, Colorado">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1on_City,_Colorado" title="Cañon City, Colorado">Cañon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Pines,_Colorado" title="Castle Pines, Colorado">Castle Pines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centennial,_Colorado" title="Centennial, Colorado">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_City,_Colorado" title="Central City, Colorado">Central City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Hills_Village,_Colorado" title="Cherry Hills Village, Colorado">Cherry Hills Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_City,_Colorado" title="Commerce City, Colorado">Commerce City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortez,_Colorado" title="Cortez, Colorado">Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig,_Colorado" title="Craig, Colorado">Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cripple_Creek,_Colorado" title="Cripple Creek, Colorado">Cripple Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacono,_Colorado" title="Dacono, Colorado">Dacono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta,_Colorado" title="Delta, Colorado">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durango,_Colorado" title="Durango, Colorado">Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgewater,_Colorado" title="Edgewater, Colorado">Edgewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englewood,_Colorado" title="Englewood, Colorado">Englewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evans,_Colorado" title="Evans, Colorado">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Heights,_Colorado" title="Federal Heights, Colorado">Federal Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence,_Colorado" title="Florence, Colorado">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Collins,_Colorado" title="Fort Collins, Colorado">Fort Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lupton,_Colorado" title="Fort Lupton, Colorado">Fort Lupton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Morgan,_Colorado" title="Fort Morgan, Colorado">Fort Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain,_Colorado" title="Fountain, Colorado">Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruita,_Colorado" title="Fruita, Colorado">Fruita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Colorado" title="Glendale, Colorado">Glendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenwood_Springs,_Colorado" title="Glenwood Springs, Colorado">Glenwood Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden,_Colorado" title="Golden, Colorado">Golden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Junction,_Colorado" title="Grand Junction, Colorado">Grand Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeley,_Colorado" title="Greeley, Colorado">Greeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Village,_Colorado" title="Greenwood Village, Colorado">Greenwood Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnison,_Colorado" title="Gunnison, Colorado">Gunnison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holyoke,_Colorado" title="Holyoke, Colorado">Holyoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Springs,_Colorado" title="Idaho Springs, Colorado">Idaho Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Junta,_Colorado" title="La Junta, Colorado">La Junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Colorado" title="Lafayette, Colorado">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakewood,_Colorado" title="Lakewood, Colorado">Lakewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar,_Colorado" title="Lamar, Colorado">Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Animas,_Colorado" title="Las Animas, Colorado">Las Animas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadville,_Colorado" title="Leadville, Colorado">Leadville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littleton,_Colorado" title="Littleton, Colorado">Littleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Tree,_Colorado" title="Lone Tree, Colorado">Lone Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longmont,_Colorado" title="Longmont, Colorado">Longmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Colorado" title="Louisville, Colorado">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loveland,_Colorado" title="Loveland, Colorado">Loveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitou_Springs,_Colorado" title="Manitou Springs, Colorado">Manitou Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Vista,_Colorado" title="Monte Vista, Colorado">Monte Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrose,_Colorado" title="Montrose, Colorado">Montrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northglenn,_Colorado" title="Northglenn, Colorado">Northglenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouray,_Colorado" title="Ouray, Colorado">Ouray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo,_Colorado" title="Pueblo, Colorado">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifle,_Colorado" title="Rifle, Colorado">Rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Ford,_Colorado" title="Rocky Ford, Colorado">Rocky Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salida,_Colorado" title="Salida, Colorado">Salida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan,_Colorado" title="Sheridan, Colorado">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steamboat_Springs,_Colorado" title="Steamboat Springs, Colorado">Steamboat Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling,_Colorado" title="Sterling, Colorado">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornton,_Colorado" title="Thornton, Colorado">Thornton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad,_Colorado" title="Trinidad, Colorado">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor,_Colorado" title="Victor, Colorado">Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walsenburg,_Colorado" title="Walsenburg, Colorado">Walsenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster,_Colorado" title="Westminster, Colorado">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_Ridge,_Colorado" title="Wheat Ridge, Colorado">Wheat Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Park,_Colorado" title="Woodland Park, Colorado">Woodland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wray,_Colorado" title="Wray, Colorado">Wray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuma,_Colorado" title="Yuma, Colorado">Yuma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Colorado" title="List of counties in Colorado">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Colorado" title="Adams County, Colorado">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamosa_County,_Colorado" title="Alamosa County, Colorado">Alamosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapahoe_County,_Colorado" title="Arapahoe County, Colorado">Arapahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archuleta_County,_Colorado" title="Archuleta County, Colorado">Archuleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baca_County,_Colorado" title="Baca County, Colorado">Baca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bent_County,_Colorado" title="Bent County, Colorado">Bent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_County,_Colorado" title="Boulder County, Colorado">Boulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomfield,_Colorado" title="Broomfield, Colorado">Broomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaffee_County,_Colorado" title="Chaffee County, Colorado">Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_County,_Colorado" title="Cheyenne County, Colorado">Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Creek_County,_Colorado" title="Clear Creek County, Colorado">Clear Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conejos_County,_Colorado" title="Conejos County, Colorado">Conejos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costilla_County,_Colorado" title="Costilla County, Colorado">Costilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowley_County,_Colorado" title="Crowley County, Colorado">Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custer_County,_Colorado" title="Custer County, Colorado">Custer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_County,_Colorado" title="Delta County, Colorado">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_County,_Colorado" title="Dolores County, Colorado">Dolores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Colorado" title="Douglas County, Colorado">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_County,_Colorado" title="Eagle County, Colorado">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso_County,_Colorado" title="El Paso County, Colorado">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_County,_Colorado" title="Elbert County, Colorado">Elbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_County,_Colorado" title="Fremont County, Colorado">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garfield_County,_Colorado" title="Garfield County, Colorado">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilpin_County,_Colorado" title="Gilpin County, Colorado">Gilpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_County,_Colorado" title="Grand County, Colorado">Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnison_County,_Colorado" title="Gunnison County, Colorado">Gunnison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinsdale_County,_Colorado" title="Hinsdale County, Colorado">Hinsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huerfano_County,_Colorado" title="Huerfano County, Colorado">Huerfano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Colorado" title="Jackson County, Colorado">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Colorado" title="Jefferson County, Colorado">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa_County,_Colorado" title="Kiowa County, Colorado">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_Carson_County,_Colorado" title="Kit Carson County, Colorado">Kit Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Plata_County,_Colorado" title="La Plata County, Colorado">La Plata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Colorado" title="Lake County, Colorado">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larimer_County,_Colorado" title="Larimer County, Colorado">Larimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Animas_County,_Colorado" title="Las Animas County, Colorado">Las Animas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Colorado" title="Lincoln County, Colorado">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_County,_Colorado" title="Logan County, Colorado">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa_County,_Colorado" title="Mesa County, Colorado">Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_County,_Colorado" title="Mineral County, Colorado">Mineral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moffat_County,_Colorado" title="Moffat County, Colorado">Moffat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montezuma_County,_Colorado" title="Montezuma County, Colorado">Montezuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrose_County,_Colorado" title="Montrose County, Colorado">Montrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Colorado" title="Morgan County, Colorado">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otero_County,_Colorado" title="Otero County, Colorado">Otero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouray_County,_Colorado" title="Ouray County, Colorado">Ouray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_County,_Colorado" title="Park County, Colorado">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_County,_Colorado" title="Phillips County, Colorado">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitkin_County,_Colorado" title="Pitkin County, Colorado">Pitkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prowers_County,_Colorado" title="Prowers County, Colorado">Prowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_County,_Colorado" title="Pueblo County, Colorado">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Blanco_County,_Colorado" title="Rio Blanco County, Colorado">Rio Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_County,_Colorado" title="Rio Grande County, Colorado">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Routt_County,_Colorado" title="Routt County, Colorado">Routt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguache_County,_Colorado" title="Saguache County, Colorado">Saguache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_County,_Colorado" title="San Juan County, Colorado">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_County,_Colorado" title="San Miguel County, Colorado">San Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedgwick_County,_Colorado" title="Sedgwick County, Colorado">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_County,_Colorado" title="Summit County, Colorado">Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teller_County,_Colorado" title="Teller County, Colorado">Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Colorado" title="Washington County, Colorado">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weld_County,_Colorado" title="Weld County, Colorado">Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuma_County,_Colorado" title="Yuma County, Colorado">Yuma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Colorado" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Colorado" title="Central Colorado">Central Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Plains" title="Eastern Plains">Eastern Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Mineral_Belt" title="Colorado Mineral Belt">Colorado Mineral Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Piedmont" title="Colorado Piedmont">Colorado Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Plateau" title="Colorado Plateau">Colorado Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Western_Slope" title="Colorado Western Slope">Colorado Western Slope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver_metropolitan_area" title="Denver metropolitan area">Denver Metropolitan Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Corners" title="Four Corners">Four Corners Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Range_Urban_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Front Range Urban Corridor">Front Range Urban Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Plains_(United_States)" title="High Plains (United States)">High Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Colorado_Urban_Area" title="North Central Colorado Urban Area">North Central Colorado Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Colorado" title="Northwestern Colorado">Northwestern Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Valley" title="San Luis Valley">San Luis Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-Central_Colorado" title="South-Central Colorado">South-Central Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_Colorado_Urban_Area" title="South Central Colorado Urban Area">South Central Colorado Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rocky_Mountains" title="Southern Rocky Mountains">Southern Rocky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Colorado" title="Southwest Colorado">Southwest Colorado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/32px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/48px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/64px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Colorado" title="Portal:Colorado">Colorado portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colorado_county_seats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colorado_county_seats" title="Template:Colorado county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colorado_county_seats" title="Template talk:Colorado county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colorado_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colorado county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colorado_county_seats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> <a href="/wiki/County_seat#United_States" title="County seat">county seats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">County seats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Colorado" title="Akron, Colorado">Akron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamosa,_Colorado" title="Alamosa, Colorado">Alamosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspen,_Colorado" title="Aspen, Colorado">Aspen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breckenridge,_Colorado" title="Breckenridge, Colorado">Breckenridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Colorado" title="Brighton, Colorado">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Colorado" title="Burlington, Colorado">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1on_City,_Colorado" title="Cañon City, Colorado">Cañon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Rock,_Colorado" title="Castle Rock, Colorado">Castle Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_City,_Colorado" title="Central City, Colorado">Central City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_Wells,_Colorado" title="Cheyenne Wells, Colorado">Cheyenne Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conejos,_Colorado" title="Conejos, Colorado">Conejos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortez,_Colorado" title="Cortez, Colorado">Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig,_Colorado" title="Craig, Colorado">Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creede,_Colorado" title="Creede, Colorado">Creede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cripple_Creek,_Colorado" title="Cripple Creek, Colorado">Cripple Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Norte,_Colorado" title="Del Norte, Colorado">Del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta,_Colorado" title="Delta, Colorado">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dove_Creek,_Colorado" title="Dove Creek, Colorado">Dove Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durango,_Colorado" title="Durango, Colorado">Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eads,_Colorado" title="Eads, Colorado">Eads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle,_Colorado" title="Eagle, Colorado">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairplay,_Colorado" title="Fairplay, Colorado">Fairplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Collins,_Colorado" title="Fort Collins, Colorado">Fort Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Morgan,_Colorado" title="Fort Morgan, Colorado">Fort Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Colorado" title="Georgetown, Colorado">Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenwood_Springs,_Colorado" title="Glenwood Springs, Colorado">Glenwood Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden,_Colorado" title="Golden, Colorado">Golden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Junction,_Colorado" title="Grand Junction, Colorado">Grand Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeley,_Colorado" title="Greeley, Colorado">Greeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnison,_Colorado" title="Gunnison, Colorado">Gunnison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holyoke,_Colorado" title="Holyoke, Colorado">Holyoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Sulphur_Springs,_Colorado" title="Hot Sulphur Springs, Colorado">Hot Sulphur Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo,_Colorado" title="Hugo, Colorado">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julesburg,_Colorado" title="Julesburg, Colorado">Julesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa,_Colorado" title="Kiowa, Colorado">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Junta,_Colorado" title="La Junta, Colorado">La Junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_City,_Colorado" title="Lake City, Colorado">Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar,_Colorado" title="Lamar, Colorado">Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Animas,_Colorado" title="Las Animas, Colorado">Las Animas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadville,_Colorado" title="Leadville, Colorado">Leadville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littleton,_Colorado" title="Littleton, Colorado">Littleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meeker,_Colorado" title="Meeker, Colorado">Meeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrose,_Colorado" title="Montrose, Colorado">Montrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordway,_Colorado" title="Ordway, Colorado">Ordway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouray,_Colorado" title="Ouray, Colorado">Ouray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagosa_Springs,_Colorado" title="Pagosa Springs, Colorado">Pagosa Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo,_Colorado" title="Pueblo, Colorado">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguache,_Colorado" title="Saguache, Colorado">Saguache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salida,_Colorado" title="Salida, Colorado">Salida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis,_Colorado" title="San Luis, Colorado">San Luis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverton,_Colorado" title="Silverton, Colorado">Silverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Colorado" title="Springfield, Colorado">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steamboat_Springs,_Colorado" title="Steamboat Springs, Colorado">Steamboat Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling,_Colorado" title="Sterling, Colorado">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telluride,_Colorado" title="Telluride, Colorado">Telluride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad,_Colorado" title="Trinidad, Colorado">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walden,_Colorado" title="Walden, Colorado">Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walsenburg,_Colorado" title="Walsenburg, Colorado">Walsenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westcliffe,_Colorado" title="Westcliffe, Colorado">Westcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wray,_Colorado" title="Wray, Colorado">Wray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consolidated city-counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broomfield,_Colorado" title="Broomfield, Colorado">Broomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192517#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192517#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192517#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404379847">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151259174">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1206092/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtcH7DrjXmWCccGfpYdcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4126960-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79091289">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121621149">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121621149">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Boulder (Colorado)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge548919&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550346505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/93422fd5-1890-46cd-9ea9-3517c32f35b4">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/195964071">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045554">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&oldid=1258537910">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&oldid=1258537910</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boulder,_Colorado" title="Category:Boulder, Colorado">Boulder, Colorado</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Boulder_County,_Colorado" title="Category:Cities in Boulder County, Colorado">Cities in Boulder County, Colorado</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Colorado" title="Category:Cities in Colorado">Cities in Colorado</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:County_seats_in_Colorado" title="Category:County seats in Colorado">County seats in Colorado</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_1858" title="Category:Populated places established in 1858">Populated places established in 1858</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_May_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from May 2024">Use mdy dates from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_December_2022" title="Category:Use American English from December 2022">Use American English from December 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_July_2019" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2019">Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_December_2022" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2022">Articles needing additional references from December 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 07:26<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boulder,_Colorado&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rf9q5","wgBackendResponseTime":184,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.926","walltime":"2.393","ppvisitednodes":{"value":20149,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":517501,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":39992,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":480202,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1987.095 1 -total"," 34.28% 681.225 2 Template:Reflist"," 23.44% 465.803 94 Template:Cite_web"," 15.94% 316.817 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 13.89% 276.030 1 Template:Infobox"," 5.50% 109.323 11 Template:Citation_needed"," 4.95% 98.429 21 Template:Cite_news"," 4.68% 92.984 11 Template:Fix"," 4.48% 89.061 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.30% 85.512 1 Template:US_Census_population"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.021","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":13003631,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","300","23.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","160","12.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","160","12.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","140","10.9"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","140","10.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","40","3.1"],["getmetatable \u003Cmw.lua:66\u003E","40","3.1"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","40","3.1"],["makeMessage \u003Cmw.message.lua:76\u003E","40","3.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getSiteLinkPageName","40","3.1"],["[others]","180","14.1"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-gflb9","timestamp":"20241122140634","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Boulder, Colorado","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boulder,_Colorado","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q192517","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q192517","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-09-28T22:08:29Z","dateModified":"2024-11-20T07:26:07Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/72\/Pearl_Street_Mall.jpg","headline":"city in Colorado, United States"}</script> </body> </html>