CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="id" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Geomorfologi - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )idwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Maret","April","Mei","Juni","Juli","Agustus","September","Oktober","November","Desember"],"wgRequestId":"a12e4f1d-2127-462b-a847-86cf31341454","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Geomorfologi","wgTitle":"Geomorfologi","wgCurRevisionId":23938574,"wgRevisionId":23938574,"wgArticleId":31937,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung","Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan","Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan Juli 2023","Geomorfologi"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"id","wgPageContentLanguage":"id","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Geomorfologi","wgRelevantArticleId":31937,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[], "wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":2}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"id","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"id"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q52109","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.gadget.Bagikan","ext.gadget.CurIDLink","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cono_de_Arita%2C_Salar_de_Arizaro_%28Argentina%29.jpg/1200px-Cono_de_Arita%2C_Salar_de_Arizaro_%28Argentina%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cono_de_Arita%2C_Salar_de_Arizaro_%28Argentina%29.jpg/800px-Cono_de_Arita%2C_Salar_de_Arizaro_%28Argentina%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cono_de_Arita%2C_Salar_de_Arizaro_%28Argentina%29.jpg/640px-Cono_de_Arita%2C_Salar_de_Arizaro_%28Argentina%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Geomorfologi - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologi"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sunting" href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (id)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//id.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologi"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.id"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Umpan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Geomorfologi rootpage-Geomorfologi skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Lompat ke isi</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Geomorfologi" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Geomorfologi" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Geomorfologi" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Geomorfologi" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruang_lingkup_kajian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruang_lingkup_kajian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ruang lingkup kajian</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ruang_lingkup_kajian-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Ruang lingkup kajian</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ruang_lingkup_kajian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Objek_dan_aspek_kajian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objek_dan_aspek_kajian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Objek dan aspek kajian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objek_dan_aspek_kajian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bentang_alam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bentang_alam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bentang alam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bentang_alam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bentang_alam_destruksional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bentang_alam_destruksional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Bentang alam destruksional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bentang_alam_destruksional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bentang_alam_konstruksional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bentang_alam_konstruksional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Bentang alam konstruksional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bentang_alam_konstruksional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proses_Pembentuk_Alam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proses_Pembentuk_Alam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Proses Pembentuk Alam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proses_Pembentuk_Alam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Proses_fluvial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proses_fluvial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Proses fluvial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proses_fluvial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proses_aeolian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proses_aeolian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Proses aeolian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proses_aeolian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proses_pelerengan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proses_pelerengan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Proses pelerengan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proses_pelerengan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proses_glasial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proses_glasial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Proses glasial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proses_glasial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proses_tektonik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proses_tektonik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.5</span> <span>Proses tektonik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proses_tektonik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proses_Igneous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proses_Igneous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.6</span> <span>Proses Igneous</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proses_Igneous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proses_biologikal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proses_biologikal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.7</span> <span>Proses biologikal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proses_biologikal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis-jenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis-jenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Jenis-jenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jenis-jenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Jenis-jenis</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Jenis-jenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geomorfologi_karst" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geomorfologi_karst"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Geomorfologi karst</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geomorfologi_karst-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Morfologi_Makro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfologi_Makro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Morfologi Makro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morfologi_Makro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morfologi_mikro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfologi_mikro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Morfologi mikro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morfologi_mikro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penafsiran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penafsiran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Penafsiran</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Penafsiran-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Penafsiran</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Penafsiran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sungai_subsekuen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sungai_subsekuen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Sungai subsekuen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sungai_subsekuen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengelompokan_ilmu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengelompokan_ilmu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pengelompokan ilmu</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pengelompokan_ilmu-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Pengelompokan ilmu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pengelompokan_ilmu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geomorfologi_terapan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geomorfologi_terapan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Geomorfologi terapan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geomorfologi_terapan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keterkaitan_dengan_ilmu_lain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keterkaitan_dengan_ilmu_lain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Keterkaitan dengan ilmu lain</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Keterkaitan_dengan_ilmu_lain-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Keterkaitan dengan ilmu lain</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Keterkaitan_dengan_ilmu_lain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geomorfologi_geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geomorfologi_geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Geomorfologi geografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geomorfologi_geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pencegahan_bencana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pencegahan_bencana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pencegahan bencana</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pencegahan_bencana-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Pencegahan bencana</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pencegahan_bencana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pencegahan_banjir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pencegahan_banjir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Pencegahan banjir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pencegahan_banjir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Referensi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catatan_kaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_kaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Catatan kaki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_kaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Daftar pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Geomorfologi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 84 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologie" title="Geomorfologie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geomorfologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6" title="علم شكل الأرض – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم شكل الأرض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جيومورفولوجيا – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيومورفولوجيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeomorfolox%C3%ADa" title="Xeomorfoloxía – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xeomorfoloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologiya" title="Geomorfologiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Geomorfologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геамарфалогія – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Геамарфалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геоморфология – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Геоморфология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूआकृति बिज्ञान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भूआकृति बिज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="ভূমিরূপবিদ্যা – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভূমিরূপবিদ্যা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologija" title="Geomorfologija – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Geomorfologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologia" title="Geomorfologia – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Geomorfologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AA-m%C3%A2u-h%C5%8Fk" title="Dê-mâu-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dê-mâu-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologie" title="Geomorfologie – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Geomorfologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorffoleg" title="Geomorffoleg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Geomorffoleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologi" title="Geomorfologi – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Geomorfologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorphologie" title="Geomorphologie – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geomorphologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γεωμορφολογία – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωμορφολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorphology" title="Geomorphology – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Geomorphology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologio" title="Geomorfologio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Geomorfologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfolog%C3%ADa" title="Geomorfología – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Geomorfología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfoloogia" title="Geomorfoloogia – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Geomorfoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologia" title="Geomorfologia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Geomorfologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="ژئومورفولوژی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژئومورفولوژی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologia" title="Geomorfologia – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Geomorfologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9omorphologie" title="Géomorphologie – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Géomorphologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomoirfeola%C3%ADocht" title="Geomoirfeolaíocht – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Geomoirfeolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeomorfolox%C3%ADa" title="Xeomorfoloxía – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xeomorfoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilimin_Kimiyyar_Juyin_Sifar_Kasa_(Geomorphology)" title="Ilimin Kimiyyar Juyin Sifar Kasa (Geomorphology) – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ilimin Kimiyyar Juyin Sifar Kasa (Geomorphology)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="גאומורפולוגיה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גאומורפולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भू-आकृति विज्ञान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भू-आकृति विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologija" title="Geomorfologija – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Geomorfologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfol%C3%B3gia" title="Geomorfológia – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Geomorfológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Գեոմորֆոլոգիա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գեոմորֆոլոգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologio" title="Geomorfologio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Geomorfologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologia" title="Geomorfologia – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Geomorfologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%A6" title="地形学 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地形学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9omorpologi" title="Géomorpologi – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Géomorpologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გეომორფოლოგია – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გეომორფოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геоморфология – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Геоморфология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭೂರೂಪಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೂರೂಪಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%ED%98%95%ED%95%99" title="지형학 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지형학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeomorfoloj%C3%AE" title="Jeomorfolojî – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Jeomorfolojî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorfurvonieth" title="Dorfurvonieth – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dorfurvonieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геоморфология – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Геоморфология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorphologia" title="Geomorphologia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Geomorphologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologie" title="Geomorfologie – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Geomorfologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologija" title="Geomorfologija – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Geomorfologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A2eomorfolo%C4%A3ija" title="Ģeomorfoloģija – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ģeomorfoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഭൂരൂപരൂപീകരണശാസ്ത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൂരൂപരൂപീകരണശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भूस्तरशास्त्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भूस्तरशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologi" title="Geomorfologi – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Geomorfologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologie" title="Geomorfologie – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geomorfologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologi" title="Geomorfologi – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Geomorfologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologi" title="Geomorfologi – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Geomorfologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologia" title="Geomorfologia – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Geomorfologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologia" title="Geomorfologia – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Geomorfologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%D9%8A" title="جیو مورفولوژي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جیو مورفولوژي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologia" title="Geomorfologia – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Geomorfologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologie" title="Geomorfologie – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Geomorfologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геоморфология – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Геоморфология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геоморфология – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Геоморфология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologija" title="Geomorfologija – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Geomorfologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorphology" title="Geomorphology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Geomorphology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfol%C3%B3gia" title="Geomorfológia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Geomorfológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologija" title="Geomorfologija – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Geomorfologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeomorfologjia" title="Gjeomorfologjia – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjeomorfologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Геоморфологија – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Геоморфологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologi" title="Geomorfologi – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Geomorfologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="புவிப்புறவியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புவிப்புறவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Заминрехтшиносӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Заминрехтшиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="ธรณีสัณฐานวิทยา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ธรณีสัณฐานวิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heomorpolohiya" title="Heomorpolohiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Heomorpolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeomorfoloji" title="Jeomorfoloji – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jeomorfoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геоморфологія – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Геоморфологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="جیومورفولاجی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جیومورفولاجی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologiya" title="Geomorfologiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Geomorfologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeomorfo%C5%82ozia" title="Zeomorfołozia – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zeomorfołozia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_m%E1%BA%A1o_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Địa mạo học – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Địa mạo học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorfologie" title="Geomorfologie – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Geomorfologie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyomorpolohiya" title="Heyomorpolohiya – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Heyomorpolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="地貌学 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地貌学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="地貌学 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地貌学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93-h%C3%AAng-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Tē-hêng-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-hêng-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%B8" title="地形學 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="地形學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q52109#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Geomorfologi" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan:Geomorfologi&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi (halaman belum tersedia) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Geomorfologi"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Geomorfologi"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Geomorfologi" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Geomorfologi" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&oldid=23938574" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Geomorfologi&id=23938574&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGeomorfologi"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGeomorfologi"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Geomorfologi"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Geomorfologi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Geomorphology" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q52109" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333518">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse" style="border:2px solid #DDDDFF"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ilmu" title="Kategori:Ilmu">seri</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#DDDDFF;font-size:175%;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu">Ilmu Pengetahuan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:PrirodneNauke.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/PrirodneNauke.png/100px-PrirodneNauke.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/PrirodneNauke.png 1.5x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_formal" title="Ilmu formal">Formal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logika" title="Logika">Logika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">Matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logika_matematika" title="Logika matematika">Logika matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistika_matematika" title="Statistika matematika">Statistika matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_komputer_teoretis" title="Ilmu komputer teoretis">Ilmu komputer teoretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_permainan" title="Teori permainan">Teori permainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_keputusan" title="Teori keputusan">Teori keputusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_aktuaria" title="Ilmu aktuaria">Ilmu aktuaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_informasi" title="Teori informasi">Teori informasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_sistem" title="Teori sistem">Teori sistem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_fisik" title="Ilmu fisik">Fisikal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">Fisika</a></b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_klasik" title="Fisika klasik">Fisika klasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_modern" title="Fisika modern">Fisika modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_terapan" title="Fisika terapan">Fisika terapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_komputasi" title="Fisika komputasi">Fisika komputasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_atom" title="Fisika atom">Fisika atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_nuklir" title="Fisika nuklir">Fisika nuklir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_partikel" title="Fisika partikel">Fisika partikel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_eksperimental" title="Fisika eksperimental">Fisika eksperimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_teori" title="Fisika teori">Fisika teori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_benda_terkondensasi" title="Fisika benda terkondensasi">Fisika benda terkondensasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika" title="Mekanika">Mekanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_klasik" title="Mekanika klasik">Mekanika klasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">Mekanika kuantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kontinuum" title="Mekanika kontinuum">Mekanika kontinuum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheologi">Rheologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_benda_padat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekanika benda padat">Mekanika benda padat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_fluida" title="Mekanika fluida">Mekanika fluida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_(wujud_zat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma (wujud zat)">Fisika plasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">Termodinamika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativitas_umum" title="Relativitas umum">Relativitas umum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativitas_khusus" title="Relativitas khusus">Relativitas khusus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_dawai" title="Teori dawai">Teori dawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_medan_kuantum" title="Teori medan kuantum">Teori medan kuantum</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">Kimia</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reaksi_asam_basa" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaksi asam basa">Reaksi asam basa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia">Alkimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_analitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia analitik">Kimia analitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrokimia" title="Astrokimia">Astrokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristalografi" title="Kristalografi">Kristalografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_lingkungan" title="Kimia lingkungan">Kimia lingkungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_pangan" title="Kimia pangan">Kimia pangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geokimia" title="Geokimia">Geokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_hijau" title="Kimia hijau">Kimia hijau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_anorganik" title="Kimia anorganik">Kimia anorganik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_material" title="Teknik material">Ilmu bahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_molekuler" title="Fisika molekuler">Fisika molekuler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_nuklir" title="Kimia nuklir">Kimia nuklir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">Kimia organik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotokimia" title="Fotokimia">Fotokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_fisik" title="Kimia fisik">Kimia fisik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiokimia" title="Radiokimia">Radiokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_benda_padat" title="Kimia benda padat">Kimia benda padat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereokimia" title="Stereokimia">Stereokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_supramolekul" title="Kimia supramolekul">Kimia supramolekul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_permukaan" title="Ilmu permukaan">Ilmu permukaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_teori" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia teori">Kimia teori</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">Astronomi</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrofisika" title="Astrofisika">Astrofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi">Kosmologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomi_galaksi" title="Astronomi galaksi">Astronomi galaksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologi_planet" title="Geologi planet">Geologi planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_keplanetan" title="Ilmu keplanetan">Ilmu keplanetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomi_bintang" title="Astronomi bintang">Astronomi bintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomi_radio" title="Astronomi radio">Astronomi radio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instrumentasi_astronomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Instrumentasi astronomi (halaman belum tersedia)">Instrumentasi astronomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi">Astrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrogeologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrogeologi">Astrogeologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrometri" title="Astrometri">Astrometri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkeoastronomi" title="Arkeoastronomi">Arkeoastronomi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astroarkeologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astroarkeologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Astroarkeologi</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_bumi" class="mw-disambig" title="Ilmu bumi">Ilmu bumi</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi">Meteorologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klimatologi" title="Klimatologi">Klimatologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_lingkungan" title="Ilmu lingkungan">Ilmu lingkungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodesi" title="Geodesi">Geodesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi">Geologi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Geomorfologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geofisika" title="Geofisika">Geofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasiologi" title="Glasiologi">Glasiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrologi" title="Hidrologi">Hidrologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnologi" title="Limnologi">Limnologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oseanografi" title="Oseanografi">Oseanografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoklimatologi" title="Paleoklimatologi">Paleoklimatologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoekologi" title="Paleoekologi">Paleoekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palinologi" title="Palinologi">Palinologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedologi" title="Pedologi">Pedologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edafologi" title="Edafologi">Edafologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geografi_fisik" title="Geografi fisik">Geografi fisik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_luar_angkasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu luar angkasa (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu luar angkasa</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_hayati" title="Ilmu hayati">Hayati</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">Biologi</a></b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi">Anatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi">Astrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika">Biofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi">Biogeografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_evolusioner" title="Biologi evolusioner">Biologi evolusioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_kelautan" title="Biologi kelautan">Biologi kelautan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_konservasi" title="Biologi konservasi">Biologi konservasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekuler" title="Biologi molekuler">Biologi molekuler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan">Biologi perkembangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel">Biologi sel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_tanah" title="Biologi tanah">Biologi tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopsikologi" title="Biopsikologi">Biopsikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioteknologi" title="Bioteknologi">Bioteknologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botani" title="Botani">Botani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etnobiologi" title="Etnobiologi">Etnobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi">Etologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi">Fisiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">Genetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontologi" title="Gerontologi">Gerontologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi">Imunologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriobiologi" title="Kriobiologi">Kriobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnologi" title="Limnologi">Limnologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi">Mikrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_syaraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu syaraf">Ilmu syaraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi">Paleontologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasitologi" title="Parasitologi">Parasitologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiobiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiobiologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Radiobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika">Sistematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosiobiologi" title="Sosiobiologi">Sosiobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_biologis" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik biologis">Teknik biologis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toksikologi" title="Toksikologi">Toksikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi">Zoologi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_sosial" title="Ilmu sosial">Sosial</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi">Antropologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi">Arkeologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriminologi" title="Kriminologi">Kriminologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demografi" title="Demografi">Demografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi" title="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendidikan" title="Pendidikan">Pendidikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geografi_manusia" title="Geografi manusia">Geografi manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_internasional" title="Hubungan internasional">Hubungan internasional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum" title="Hukum">Hukum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistik" title="Linguistik">Linguistik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_politik" title="Ilmu politik">Ilmu politik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi" title="Psikologi">Psikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosiologi" title="Sosiologi">Sosiologi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_terapan" title="Ilmu terapan">Terapan</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Teknik" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik">Teknik dan rekayasa</a></b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_biomedis" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik biomedis">Biomedis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_kedirgantaraan" title="Teknik kedirgantaraan">Dirgantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekayasa_genetika" class="mw-redirect" title="Rekayasa genetika">Genetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_komputer" title="Ilmu komputer">Ilmu komputer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_industri" title="Teknik industri">Industri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_kimia" title="Teknik kimia">Kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_komputer" title="Teknik komputer">Komputer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_listrik" title="Teknik listrik">Listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_mesin" title="Teknik mesin">Mesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeni" title="Zeni">Militer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_nuklir" title="Teknik nuklir">Nuklir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekayasa_perangkat_lunak" title="Rekayasa perangkat lunak">Perangkat lunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_perlindungan_kebakaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik perlindungan kebakaran">Perlindungan kebakaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_pertambangan" title="Teknik pertambangan">Pertambangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_pertanian" title="Teknik pertanian">Pertanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riset_operasi" title="Riset operasi">Riset operasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotika" title="Robotika">Robotika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_sipil" title="Teknik sipil">Sipil</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_kesehatan" title="Ilmu kesehatan">Ilmu kesehatan</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiologi" title="Epidemiologi">Epidemiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmasi" title="Farmasi">Farmasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran">Kedokteran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedokteran_gigi" title="Kedokteran gigi">Kedokteran gigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedokteran_hewan" title="Kedokteran hewan">Kedokteran hewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keperawatan" title="Keperawatan">Keperawatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perawatan_kesehatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Perawatan kesehatan">Perawatan kesehatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_biologis" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik biologis">Teknik biologis</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Antardisiplin" title="Antardisiplin">Antardisiplin</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_terapan" title="Fisika terapan">Fisika terapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kecerdasan_buatan" title="Kecerdasan buatan">Kecerdasan buatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioetika" title="Bioetika">Bioetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika">Bioinformatika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_biomedis" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik biomedis">Teknik biomedis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biostatistika" title="Biostatistika">Biostatistika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_kognitif" title="Ilmu kognitif">Ilmu kognitif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_kompleks" title="Sistem kompleks">Sistem kompleks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistik_komputasi" title="Linguistik komputasi">Linguistik komputasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studi_budaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studi budaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Studi budaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibernetika" title="Sibernetika">Sibernetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_lingkungan" title="Ilmu lingkungan">Ilmu lingkungan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_sosial_lingkungan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu sosial lingkungan (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu sosial lingkungan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studi_lingkungan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studi lingkungan (halaman belum tersedia)">Studi lingkungan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studi_etnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studi etnik (halaman belum tersedia)">Studi etnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi_evolusioner" title="Psikologi evolusioner">Psikologi evolusioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehutanan" title="Kehutanan">Kehutanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesehatan" title="Kesehatan">Kesehatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_perpustakaan" title="Ilmu perpustakaan">Ilmu perpustakaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_matematika_dan_teori" title="Biologi matematika dan teori">Biologi matematika dan teori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_matematika" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisika matematika">Fisika matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_militer" title="Ilmu militer">Ilmu militer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_jaringan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu jaringan (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu jaringan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknik_syaraf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknik syaraf (halaman belum tersedia)">Teknik syaraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_syaraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu syaraf">Ilmu syaraf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kajian_ilmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kajian ilmu (halaman belum tersedia)">Kajian ilmu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu,_teknologi,_dan_masyarakat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu, teknologi, dan masyarakat (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu, teknologi, dan masyarakat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permodelan_ilmiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permodelan ilmiah (halaman belum tersedia)">Permodelan ilmiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiotika" title="Semiotika">Semiotika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosiobiologi" title="Sosiobiologi">Sosiobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistika" title="Statistika">Statistika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_sistem" title="Ilmu sistem">Ilmu sistem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transdisiplineritas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transdisiplineritas (halaman belum tersedia)">Transdisiplineritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perencanaan_kota" class="mw-redirect" title="Perencanaan kota">Perencanaan kota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_web" title="Ilmu web">Ilmu web</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosofi">Filosofi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah">Sejarah</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penelitian_murni" title="Penelitian murni">Penelitian murni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_masyarakat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu masyarakat (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu masyarakat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fringe_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fringe science (halaman belum tersedia)">Fringe science</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_ilmu" title="Sejarah ilmu">Sejarah ilmu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosofi_ilmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosofi ilmu (halaman belum tersedia)">Filosofi ilmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protosains" title="Protosains">Protosains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_semu" title="Ilmu semu">Pseudosains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebebasan_akademik" title="Kebebasan akademik">Kebebasan akademik</a></li> <li><b>Sains</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebijakan_ilmiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebijakan ilmiah (halaman belum tersedia)">Kebijakan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendanaan_ilmiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendanaan ilmiah (halaman belum tersedia)">Pendanaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metode_ilmiah" title="Metode ilmiah">Metode</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosiologi_ilmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosiologi ilmu (halaman belum tersedia)">Sosiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknosains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknosains (halaman belum tersedia)">Teknosains</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_(selenide)_with_complete_passivation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png/16px-Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png/24px-Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png/32px-Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png 2x" data-file-width="1801" data-file-height="1643" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ilmu" title="Portal:Ilmu">Portal Ilmu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ilmu" title="Kategori:Ilmu">Kategori</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Ilmu" title="Templat:Ilmu"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Ilmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Ilmu (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Ilmu&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Cono_de_Arita,_Salar_de_Arizaro_(Argentina).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cono_de_Arita%2C_Salar_de_Arizaro_%28Argentina%29.jpg/220px-Cono_de_Arita%2C_Salar_de_Arizaro_%28Argentina%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cono_de_Arita%2C_Salar_de_Arizaro_%28Argentina%29.jpg/330px-Cono_de_Arita%2C_Salar_de_Arizaro_%28Argentina%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cono_de_Arita%2C_Salar_de_Arizaro_%28Argentina%29.jpg/440px-Cono_de_Arita%2C_Salar_de_Arizaro_%28Argentina%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Cono de Arita, <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Salta" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Salta">Salta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Geomorfologi</b> merupakan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu">ilmu</a> yang mempelajari tentang bentuk <a href="/wiki/Alam" title="Alam">alam</a> dan proses yang membentuknya. Para ahli geomorfologi mencoba untuk memahami kenapa sebuah <a href="/wiki/Lanskap" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanskap">bentang alam</a> terlihat seperti itu, untuk memahami sejarah dan dinamika bentang alam, dan memprediksikan perubahan pada <a href="/wiki/Masa_depan" title="Masa depan">masa depan</a> dengan menggunakan kombinasi <a href="/wiki/Pengamatan" title="Pengamatan">pengamatan</a> lapangan, percobaan dan pemodelan. Geomorfologi dipejari di <a href="/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi">geografi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi">geologi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geodesi" title="Geodesi">geodesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi">arkeologi</a>, dan teknik kebumian. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geomorfologi telah menjadi sebuah <a href="/wiki/Disiplin_ilmiah" title="Disiplin ilmiah">disiplin ilmiah</a> sebelum abad ke-17 <a href="/wiki/Masehi" title="Masehi">Masehi</a>. Pada abad ke-19, geomorfologi mulai diterapkan pada negara-negara yang termasuk <a href="/wiki/Negara_berkembang" title="Negara berkembang">negara berkembang</a>. Pada abad ke-20 Masehi, geomorfologi mengalami perkembangan yang pesat di <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Barat" title="Dunia Barat">dunia Barat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Benua_Amerika" class="mw-redirect" title="Benua Amerika">Amerika</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruang_lingkup_kajian">Ruang lingkup kajian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Ruang lingkup kajian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ruang lingkup kajian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada dasarnya ruang lingkup kajian dari geomorfologi adalah bentuk <a href="/wiki/Litosfer" title="Litosfer">permukaan Bumi</a>. Dalam pembahasan ilmiah, bentuk permukaan Bumi ini meliputi penemuan dan pengenalan bentuk <a href="/wiki/Lahan" title="Lahan">lahan</a> dan faktor-faktor pembentuknya. Geomorfologi juga membahas tentang sejarah dan asal-usul bentuk lahan. Selain itu, geomorfologi juga membahas tentang penemuan dan pengenalan aspek-aspek pembentuk bentang lahan dari bentang alam konstruksional maupun bentang alam destruksional.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuharjo,_dkk.20171-2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuharjo,_dkk.20171-2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Objek_dan_aspek_kajian">Objek dan aspek kajian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Objek dan aspek kajian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Objek dan aspek kajian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geomorfologi menetapkan objek kajiannya adalah bentuk <a href="/wiki/Lahan" title="Lahan">lahan</a>. Karenanya, aspek kajian dari geomorfologi dapat dibagi menjadi 4, yaitu morfologi, morfogenesis, morfokronologi, dan morfoaransemen. Morfologi membahas tentang permasalah bentuk dan asal-usul dari permukaan Bumi. Pembahasannya dibagi dua menjadi morfografi dan morfometri. Morfografi memberikan penjelasan secara deskriptif dengan pemerian, sedangkan morfomertri memberikan penjelasan secara kuantitatif melalui pemberian ukuran. Morfogenesis membahas proses morfologi yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan bentuk lahan. Pembahasannya dilakukan pada proses perubahan dalam jangka waktu yang singkat maupun dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Morfogenesis membahas perubahan bentuk lahan yang diakibatkan oleh gaya eksogen maupun gaya endogen. Morfokronologi membahas mengenai evolusi penambahan jumlah bentuk lahan akibat proses yang bekerja pada bentuk lahan tersebut. Morfokronologi juga membahas tentang urutan dan umur pembentukan bentuk lahan. Morfoaransemen membahas hubungan antara bentuk lahan dan unsur-unsur pembentuknya. Hubungan antara geomorfologi dengan lingkungan dikaji dalam morfoaransemen. Unsur-unsur pembentukan yang dibahas meliputi kandungan batuan dan air di lahan, struktur lahan, vegetasi lahan dan penggunaan lahan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantosa201610-11_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantosa201610-11-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bentang_alam">Bentang alam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Bentang alam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bentang alam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bentang_alam_destruksional">Bentang alam destruksional</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Bentang alam destruksional" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bentang alam destruksional"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bentang alam destruksional disebut juga sebagai bentang alam eksogenik. Pembentukan bentang alam destruksional dikendalikan oleh gaya eksogen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoor2012164_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoor2012164-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gaya eksogen merupakan gaya yang dihasilkan oleh pengaruh gaya dari <a href="/wiki/Energi_surya" title="Energi surya">energi surya</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi">gravitasi</a>. Jenis gaya eksogen meliputi <a href="/wiki/Pelapukan" title="Pelapukan">pelapukan</a>, erosi, <a href="/wiki/Pemborosan_massal" title="Pemborosan massal">pemborosan massal</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sedimentasi" title="Sedimentasi">sedimentasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoor2012164_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoor2012164-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bentang_alam_konstruksional">Bentang alam konstruksional</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Bentang alam konstruksional" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bentang alam konstruksional"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bentang alam konstruksional disebut juga sebagai bentang alam endogenik. Pembentukan bentang alam destruksional dikendalikan oleh gaya ekdogen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoor2012164_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoor2012164-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gaya endogen mencakup semua jenis gaya yang berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi">Bumi</a>. Secara umum, gaya endogen meliputi aktivitas tektonik, aktivitas magmatik dan aktivitas vulkanik. Aktivitas tektonik disebabkan oleh pergeseran lempeng dan pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan" title="Pegunungan">pegunungan</a>. Aktivitas magmatik meliputi semua intrusi <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magma</a> yang menuju ke permukaan Bumi atau berada di dekat permukaan Bumi. Sedangkan aktivitas vulkanik meliputi pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Gunung_berapi" title="Gunung berapi">gunung berapi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Letusan_gunung" title="Letusan gunung">letusan gunung</a> berapi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoor2012164_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoor2012164-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proses_Pembentuk_Alam">Proses Pembentuk Alam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Proses Pembentuk Alam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Proses Pembentuk Alam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Grand_Canyon_43.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Grand_Canyon_43.jpg/220px-Grand_Canyon_43.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Grand_Canyon_43.jpg/330px-Grand_Canyon_43.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Grand_Canyon_43.jpg 2x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon" title="Grand Canyon">Grand Canyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Proses pembentuk utama yang bertanggung jawab terhadap pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Topografi" title="Topografi">topografi</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Angin" title="Angin">angin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ombak" title="Ombak">ombak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca">cuaca</a>, pergerakan tanah, aliran air, <a href="/wiki/Gletser" title="Gletser">gletser</a>, tektonik, dan vulkanik.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proses_fluvial">Proses fluvial</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Proses fluvial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Proses fluvial"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proses <a href="/wiki/Fluvial" title="Fluvial">fluvial</a> adalah proses pembentukan alam yang berhubungan dengan pergerakan sedimen, <a href="/wiki/Erosi" title="Erosi">erosi</a> dan endapan di sungai.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proses_aeolian">Proses aeolian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Proses aeolian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Proses aeolian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:MoabAlcove.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/MoabAlcove.JPG/220px-MoabAlcove.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/MoabAlcove.JPG/330px-MoabAlcove.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/MoabAlcove.JPG/440px-MoabAlcove.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Dierosi oleh angin di Moab, Utah</figcaption></figure><p>Proses aeolian adalah proses yang berhubungan dengan <a href="/wiki/Angin" title="Angin">angin</a> yang sebagai sumber pembentuknya. Angin dapat mengikis, membawa dan mengumpulan material.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proses_pelerengan">Proses pelerengan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Proses pelerengan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Proses pelerengan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mass_Waste_Palo_Duro_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mass_Waste_Palo_Duro_2002.jpg/220px-Mass_Waste_Palo_Duro_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mass_Waste_Palo_Duro_2002.jpg/330px-Mass_Waste_Palo_Duro_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mass_Waste_Palo_Duro_2002.jpg/440px-Mass_Waste_Palo_Duro_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palo_Duro_Canyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palo Duro Canyon (halaman belum tersedia)">Palo Duro Canyon</a>, Texas</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tanah" title="Tanah">Tanah</a> dan berbatuan bergerak ke bawah dengan adanya gaya gravitasi.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proses_glasial">Proses glasial</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Proses glasial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Proses glasial"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Glacial_landscape_LMB.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Glacial_landscape_LMB.png/220px-Glacial_landscape_LMB.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Glacial_landscape_LMB.png/330px-Glacial_landscape_LMB.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Glacial_landscape_LMB.png 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption>Fitur bentang alam gletser</figcaption></figure> <p>Pergerakan <a href="/wiki/Es" title="Es">es</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gletser" title="Gletser">gletser</a> dapat mengakibatkan abrasi dan memindahkan bebatuan.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proses_tektonik">Proses tektonik</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Proses tektonik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Proses tektonik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proses tektonik terjadi karena aktivitas <a href="/wiki/Tektonisme" title="Tektonisme">tektonik</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proses_Igneous">Proses Igneous</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Proses Igneous" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Proses Igneous"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proses igneous sangat mempengaruhi terhadap geomorfologi, baik yang berasaal dari vulkanik maupun dari tektonik.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proses_biologikal">Proses biologikal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Proses biologikal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Proses biologikal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Beaver_dam_in_Tierra_del_Fuego.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Beaver_dam_in_Tierra_del_Fuego.jpg/220px-Beaver_dam_in_Tierra_del_Fuego.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Beaver_dam_in_Tierra_del_Fuego.jpg/330px-Beaver_dam_in_Tierra_del_Fuego.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Beaver_dam_in_Tierra_del_Fuego.jpg/440px-Beaver_dam_in_Tierra_del_Fuego.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Bendungan Beaver di Tierra del Fuego</figcaption></figure> <p>Interaksi antara makhluk hidup dan bentuk alam dapat mempengaruhi proses pembentukan geomorfologi.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jenis-jenis">Jenis-jenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Jenis-jenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jenis-jenis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geomorfologi_karst">Geomorfologi karst</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Geomorfologi karst" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Geomorfologi karst"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Morfologi_Makro">Morfologi Makro</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Morfologi Makro" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Morfologi Makro"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di bawah ini adalah beberapa bentuk morfologi permukaan <a href="/wiki/Karst" class="mw-redirect" title="Karst">karst</a> dalam ukuran <a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">meter</a> sampai <a href="/wiki/Kilometer" title="Kilometer">kilometer</a>:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Swallow hole</i>: Lokasi di mana aliran permukaan seluruhnya atau sebagian mulai menjadi aliran bawah permukaan yang terdapat pada batu <a href="/wiki/Gamping" title="Gamping">gamping</a>. <i>Swallow hole</i> yang terdapat pada <a href="/wiki/Polje" title="Polje">polje</a> sering disebut <i>ponor</i>. Pengertian ini dipergunakan untuk menandai tempat di mana aliran air menghilang menuju bawah tanah.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolin">Dolin</a>, yaitu bentukan negatif yang dengan bentuk depresi atau mangkuk dengan <a href="/wiki/Diameter" title="Diameter">diameter</a> kecil sampai 1000 meter lebih.</li> <li><i>Vertical shaft:</i> pada bentuk ideal, merupakan silinder dengan dinding vertikal merombak perlapisan melawan inklinasi perlapisan.</li> <li><i>Collapse</i>: runtuhan</li> <li><i>Cockpit</i>: bentuk lembah yang ada di dalam kerucut karst daerah tropik yang lembap. Kontur cockpit tidak melingkar seperti pada doline tetapi seperti bentuk bintang dengan sisi-sisi yang identik, yang menunjukkan bahwa formasi <a href="/wiki/Kerucut" title="Kerucut">kerucut</a> merupakan faktor penentunya.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polje" title="Polje">Polje</a>: depresi aksentip daerah karst, tertutup semua sisi, sebagian terdiri dari lantai yang rata, dengan batas-batas terjal di beberapa bagian dan dengan sudut yang nyata antara dasar/ lantai dengan tepi yang landai atau terjal itu.</li> <li><i>Uvala</i>: cekungan karst yang luas, dasarnya lebar tidak rata: <a href="/wiki/Lembah" title="Lembah">lembah</a> yang memanjang kadang-kadang berkelak-kelok, tetapi pada umumnya dengan dasar yang menyerupai cawan.</li> <li><i>Dry valley</i>: terlihat seperti halnya lembah yang lainnya namun tidak ada aliran kecuali kadang-kadang setelah adanya es yang hebat diikuti oleh pencairan es yang cepat.</li> <li>Jendela karst: lubang pada atap gua sebagai tempat masuknya cahaya matahari yang terbentuk akibat runtuhnya dinding gua.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa">Pulau Jawa</a> memiliki kawasan karst yang cukup spesifik yaitu karst <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Sewu" title="Pegunungan Sewu">Pegunungan Sewu</a>, di mana bentukan bukit-bukit seperti cawan terbalik dan kerucut begitu sempurna dengan lembah-lembahnya. Bukit merupakan residu erosi dan lembahnya adalah merupakan daerah diaman terjadi erosi aktif dari dulu sampai sekarang. Bagian-bagian depresi atau cekungan merupakan titik terendah dan menghilangnya air permukaan ke bawah permukaan. <a href="/wiki/Erosi" title="Erosi">Erosi</a> memperlebar struktur (lihat geologi gua dan teori terbentuknya gua), kekar, sesar, dan bidang lapisan, dan membentuk gua-gua, baik vertikal maupun horisontal. Gua-gua juga dapat terbentuk karena adanya <a href="/wiki/Mata_air_karst" title="Mata air karst">mata air karst</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mata_air_karst" title="Mata air karst">Mata air karst</a> ini ada beberapa jenis:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Bedding spring</i>, mata air yang terbentuk pada tempat di mana terjadi pelebaran bidang lapisan,</li> <li><i>Fracture spring</i>, mata air yang terbentuk pada tempat di mana terjadi pelebaran bidang rekahan,</li> <li><i>Contact spring</i>, mata air yang terbentuk karena adanya kontak antara batu gamping dan batu lain yang impermiabel.</li></ul> <p>Disamping itu secara khusus ada jenis mata air yang berada di bawah permukaan air laut disebut dengan vrulja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Morfologi_mikro">Morfologi mikro</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Morfologi mikro" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Morfologi mikro"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ada kawasan karst dengan sudut dip yang kecil dan permukaannya licin. Area ini dipisah-pisahkan dalam bentuk blok-blok oleh <i>joint</i> terbuka disebut dengan <i>grike</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>) atau <i>Kluftkarren</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman">bahasa Jerman</a>). Bentukan-bentukan minor ini dalam bahasa Jerman memiliki akhiran <i>karren</i>. Sering permukaan blok itu terpotong menjadi sebuah pola <i>dendritic</i> dari <i>runnel</i> dengan deretan dasar dipisahkan oleh deretan punggungan yang mengeringkannya ke dalam <i>grike</i> terlebih dahulu. Juga terkadang mereka memiliki profil panjang yang hampir mulus. Bentukan ini disebut <i>Rundkarren</i>. Tipe lain adalah <i>Rillenkarren</i> yang memiliki saluran yang tajam, ujung punggungan dibatasi oleh deretan saluran berbentuk V. Biasanya tampak pada permukaan yag lebih curam daripada <i>Rundkarren</i>, dengan saluran sub-paralel dan beberapa cabang. <i>Microrillenkarren</i> merupakan bentuk gabungan tetapi hanya memiliki panjang beberapa sentimeter dan lebarnya 10–20 <a href="/wiki/Milimeter" title="Milimeter">mm</a>. <i>Pseudokarren</i>, memiliki bentuk sama dengan rundkarren dan rinnenkarren. Namun, hanya terjadi pada granit di daerah tropik yang lembap.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penafsiran">Penafsiran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Penafsiran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penafsiran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sungai_subsekuen">Sungai subsekuen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Sungai subsekuen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sungai subsekuen"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penafsiran geomorfologi dapat dipermudah dengan pemahaman mengenai sungai subsekuen. Sungai subsekuen adalah sungai yang terbentuk di sepanjang suatu garis atau zona yang <a href="/wiki/Resistensi" class="mw-disambig" title="Resistensi">resisten</a>. Letak sungai ini secara umum berada pada sungai yang alirannnya mengalir di sepanjang jalur perlapisan batuan. Lapisan batuan ini memiliki resistensi terhadap erosi. Salah satu jenis lapisan batuan ini adalah lapisan <a href="/wiki/Batu_pasir" title="Batu pasir">batu pasir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoor2012142_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoor2012142-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pengelompokan_ilmu">Pengelompokan ilmu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Pengelompokan ilmu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pengelompokan ilmu"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pengelompokan <a href="/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu">ilmu</a> geomorfologi dibedakan menjadi tiga, yaitu geomorfologi sejarah, geomorfologi fungsional dan geomorfologi terapan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantosa201610_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantosa201610-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geomorfologi_terapan">Geomorfologi terapan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Geomorfologi terapan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Geomorfologi terapan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geomorfologi terapan membahas mengenai penerapan ilmu geomorfologi melalui analisis bentuk lahan. Lingkup penerapannya yaitu pemetaan, pengukuran, dan penyelesaian masalah lingkungan fisik. Pemetaan dilakukan pada fenomena geomorfologi dan tanah. Pengukuran dilakukan pada perubahan fisik yang terjadi pada permukaan Bumi. Sedangkan penyelesaian masalah lingkungan fisik dilakukan dengan melihat bentuk lahan yang menjadi permasalahannya. Masalah ini meliputi banjir, erosi, longsor, gempa bumi, gunung berapi, dinamika <a href="/wiki/Pesisir" title="Pesisir">pesisir</a>, dan fenomena <a href="/wiki/Air_tanah" title="Air tanah">air tanah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantosa201610_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantosa201610-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keterkaitan_dengan_ilmu_lain">Keterkaitan dengan ilmu lain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Keterkaitan dengan ilmu lain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keterkaitan dengan ilmu lain"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geomorfologi_geografi">Geomorfologi geografi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Sunting bagian: Geomorfologi geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Geomorfologi geografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geomorfologi memiliki keterkaitan dengan <a href="/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi">geografi</a>. Kedua jenis keilmuan ini saling membutuhkan satu sama lain. Keterkaitan antara geomorfologi dan geografi berkaitan dengan ilmu geografi yang disebut geomorfologi geografi. Ruang lingkup ilmunya meliputui hubungan antara geomorfologi dengan objek material dalam geografi. Kajian geomorfologi geografi menghasilakn ilmu bentang lahan, bentang alam dan bentang geografi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuharjo,_dkk.20172_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuharjo,_dkk.20172-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pencegahan_bencana">Pencegahan bencana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Sunting bagian: Pencegahan bencana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=25" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pencegahan bencana"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pencegahan_banjir">Pencegahan banjir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Sunting bagian: Pencegahan banjir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=26" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pencegahan banjir"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kondisi <a href="/wiki/Hidrologi" title="Hidrologi">hidrologi</a> permukaan dan bawah permukaan berkaitan dengan aspek geomorfologi, khususnya tentang kemiringan lahan. Informasi mengenai kemiringan lahan dimanfaatkan untuk menentukan ukuran dan kecepatan pengaliran air tanah di suatu wilayah. Pengetahuan ini berguna untuk mencegah bencana <a href="/wiki/Banjir" title="Banjir">banjir</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Dataran" title="Dataran">dataran</a>. Caranya dengan memilih tapak di dataran yang lebih tinggi daripada wilayah dataran banjir.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=27" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_geologi" title="Mandala geologi">Mandala geologi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=28" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catatan_kaki">Catatan kaki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan kaki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=29" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan kaki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sutikno, dkk. (2020). Nadilah, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Geomorfologi_Dasar/Za3qDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=geomorfologi&printsec=frontcover"><i>Geomorfologi Dasar Bagian 1</i></a>. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. hlm. 1. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-386-397-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-386-397-6">978-602-386-397-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230731134158/https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Geomorfologi_Dasar/Za3qDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=geomorfologi&printsec=frontcover">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geomorfologi+Dasar+Bagian+1&rft.place=Yogyakarta&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Gadjah+Mada+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-602-386-397-6&rft.au=Sutikno%2C+dkk.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.id%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FGeomorfologi_Dasar%2FZa3qDwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Did%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3Dgeomorfologi%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGeomorfologi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuharjo,_dkk.20171-2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuharjo,_dkk.20171-2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuharjo,_dkk.2017">Suharjo, dkk. 2017</a>, hlm. 1-2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantosa201610-11-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantosa201610-11_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSantosa2016">Santosa 2016</a>, hlm. 10-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoor2012164-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoor2012164_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoor2012164_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoor2012164_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoor2012164_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoor2012">Noor 2012</a>, hlm. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoor2012142-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoor2012142_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoor2012">Noor 2012</a>, hlm. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantosa201610-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantosa201610_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantosa201610_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSantosa2016">Santosa 2016</a>, hlm. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuharjo,_dkk.20172-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuharjo,_dkk.20172_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuharjo,_dkk.2017">Suharjo, dkk. 2017</a>, hlm. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Sucipta (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/33/052/33052513.pdf?r=1&r=1">"Karakteristik Geomorfologi Calon Lahan Disposal Limbah Radioaktif Aktivitas Rendah dan Sedang di Daerah Lemahabang"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Hasil Penelitian Pusat Teknologi Pengolahan Limbah Radioaktif Tahun 1997/1998</i>: 79. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0852-2979">0852-2979</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220306043022/https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/33/052/33052513.pdf?r=1&r=1">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-03-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hasil+Penelitian+Pusat+Teknologi+Pengolahan+Limbah+Radioaktif+Tahun+1997%2F1998&rft.atitle=Karakteristik+Geomorfologi+Calon+Lahan+Disposal+Limbah+Radioaktif+Aktivitas+Rendah+dan+Sedang+di+Daerah+Lemahabang&rft.pages=79&rft.date=1998&rft.issn=0852-2979&rft.au=Sucipta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finis.iaea.org%2Fcollection%2FNCLCollectionStore%2F_Public%2F33%2F052%2F33052513.pdf%3Fr%3D1%26r%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGeomorfologi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&action=edit&section=30" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar pustaka"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFNoor2012" class="citation book">Noor, Djauhari (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/16849979/PENGANTAR_GEOLOGI"><i>Pengantar Geologi</i></a> (edisi ke-2). Pakuan University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407132934/https://www.academia.edu/16849979/PENGANTAR_GEOLOGI">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pengantar+Geologi&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Pakuan+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Noor&rft.aufirst=Djauhari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F16849979%2FPENGANTAR_GEOLOGI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGeomorfologi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Santosa, Langgeng Wahyu (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Keistimewaan_Yogyakarta_dari_Sudut_Panda/ndWWDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=geomorfologi&pg=PA10&printsec=frontcover"><i>Keistimewaan Yogyakarta dari Sudut Pandang Geomorfologi</i></a>. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. hlm. 10. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-386-007-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-386-007-4">978-602-386-007-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230731134243/https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Keistimewaan_Yogyakarta_dari_Sudut_Panda/ndWWDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=geomorfologi&pg=PA10&printsec=frontcover">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Keistimewaan+Yogyakarta+dari+Sudut+Pandang+Geomorfologi&rft.place=Yogyakarta&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Gadjah+Mada+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-602-386-007-4&rft.aulast=Santosa&rft.aufirst=Langgeng+Wahyu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.id%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FKeistimewaan_Yogyakarta_dari_Sudut_Panda%2FndWWDwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Did%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3Dgeomorfologi%26pg%3DPA10%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGeomorfologi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSuharjo,_dkk.2017" class="citation book">Suharjo, dkk. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Geomorfologi_Dasar/r7VVDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=geomorfologi&printsec=frontcover"><i>Geomorfologi Dasar: Dinamika Permukaan Bumi dan Dampaknya terhadap Manusia di Berbagai Lingkungan Bentang Lahan</i></a>. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-361-072-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-361-072-3">978-602-361-072-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230731134145/https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Geomorfologi_Dasar/r7VVDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=geomorfologi&printsec=frontcover">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geomorfologi+Dasar%3A+Dinamika+Permukaan+Bumi+dan+Dampaknya+terhadap+Manusia+di+Berbagai+Lingkungan+Bentang+Lahan&rft.place=Surakarta&rft.pub=Muhammadiyah+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-602-361-072-3&rft.au=Suharjo%2C+dkk.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.id%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FGeomorfologi_Dasar%2Fr7VVDwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Did%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3Dgeomorfologi%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGeomorfologi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25847331">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geologi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Geologi" title="Templat:Geologi"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Geologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Geologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Geologi&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geologi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi">Geologi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ikhtisar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_besar_geologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis besar geologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis besar geologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indeks_artikel_geologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indeks artikel geologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Indeks artikel geologi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Komposisi dan struktur</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geokimia" title="Geokimia">Geokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristalografi" title="Kristalografi">Kristalografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineralogi" title="Mineralogi">Mineralogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrografi" title="Petrografi">Petrografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrologi" title="Petrologi">Petrologi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_geologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah geologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah geologi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stratigrafi" title="Stratigrafi">Stratigrafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi">Paleontologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoklimatologi" title="Paleoklimatologi">Paleoklimatologi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pergerakan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geologi_struktur" title="Geologi struktur">Geologi struktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodinamik" class="mw-redirect" title="Geodinamik">Geodinamik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lempeng_tektonik" class="mw-redirect" title="Lempeng tektonik">Lempeng tektonik</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Geomorfologi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glasiologi" title="Glasiologi">Glasiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrogeologi" title="Hidrogeologi">Hidrogeologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologi_kelautan" title="Geologi kelautan">Geologi kelautan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geofisika" title="Geofisika">Geofisika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geodesi" title="Geodesi">Geodesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomagnetisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Geomagnetisme">Geomagnetisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survei_geologi" title="Survei geologi">Survei geologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seismologi" title="Seismologi">Seismologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tektonofisika" title="Tektonofisika">Tektonofisika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aplikasi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geologi_ekonomi" title="Geologi ekonomi">Geologi ekonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologi_rekayasa" title="Geologi rekayasa">Geologi rekayasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologi_planet" title="Geologi planet">Geologi planet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Geologi" title="Kategori:Geologi">Geologi</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ilmu_kebumian" title="Portal:Ilmu kebumian">Ilmu kebumian</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:People_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="WikiProject"><img alt="WikiProject" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Geologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Geologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Geologi</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&oldid=23938574">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&oldid=23938574</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Geomorfologi" title="Kategori:Geomorfologi">Geomorfologi</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_rujukan_yang_menggunakan_parameter_yang_tidak_didukung" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung">Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_pernyataan_yang_tidak_disertai_rujukan" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan">Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_pernyataan_yang_tidak_disertai_rujukan_Juli_2023" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan Juli 2023">Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan Juli 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 31 Juli 2023, pukul 13.42.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. Lihat <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Ketentuan Penggunaan</a> untuk rincian lebih lanjut.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Kebijakan privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tentang">Tentang Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Penyangkalan_umum">Penyangkalan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kode Etik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pengembang</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/id.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Pernyataan kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//id.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geomorfologi&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Tampilan seluler</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-2z5nh","wgBackendResponseTime":171,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.352","walltime":"0.502","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1070,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":57848,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":513,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":18504,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 335.857 1 -total"," 38.39% 128.947 1 Templat:Ilmu"," 36.52% 122.670 1 Templat:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 25.62% 86.034 1 Templat:Geologi"," 20.50% 68.847 1 Templat:Reflist"," 18.88% 63.397 1 Templat:Navbox"," 18.64% 62.617 4 Templat:Cite_book"," 10.66% 35.800 2 Templat:Nowrap"," 5.95% 20.000 10 Templat:Sfn"," 5.18% 17.385 1 Templat:Category-inline"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.167","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3169057,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6597446f9d-cl6b6","timestamp":"20241114203318","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Geomorfologi","url":"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geomorfologi","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q52109","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q52109","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Kontributor dari proyek Wikimedia."},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-10-17T12:35:23Z","dateModified":"2023-07-31T13:42:52Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9e\/Cono_de_Arita%2C_Salar_de_Arizaro_%28Argentina%29.jpg","headline":"ilmu yang mempelajari bentuk permukaan bumi"}</script> </body> </html>