Research: Historic England's Research Findings for the Built, Archaeological and Marine Historic Environment

<!doctype html> <html lang="en" data-fb-id="335322400195482" data-etl-image-server="https://historicengland.org.uk/etl/" data-cms-type="landingPage" data-cms-template="LandingPage" data-server-name="WN1MDWK0002QI" data-web-app-region="UK South" > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <script src="/frontend/dist/shared/js/globals/globalVariables.js"></script> <script> globalVariables = setGlobalVariables(); dataLayer = globalVariables.dataLayerArr; historicEngland = globalVariables.historicEnglandObj; </script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied' }); </script> <script> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-M8N6VRF'); </script> <title>Research: Historic England's Research Findings for the Built, Archaeological and Marine Historic Environment | Historic England</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/research/" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/frontend/dist/shared/favicons/favicon.ico"> <link href="/frontend/dist/shared/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" /> <link href="/frontend/dist/shared/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" /> <link href="/frontend/dist/shared/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" /> <link href="/frontend/dist/shared/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" /> <link href="/frontend/dist/shared/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" /> <link href="/frontend/dist/shared/favicons/icon-hires.png" rel="icon" sizes="192x192" /> <link href="/frontend/dist/shared/favicons/icon-normal.png" rel="icon" sizes="128x128" /> <meta name="Copyright" content="Historic England"> <meta name="Description" content="Discover and use our high-quality applied research to support the protection and management of the historic environment." lang="en"> <meta name="eGMS.accessibility" content="-A"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="OID" content="24284"> <meta name="PageGeneratedAt" content="03/12/2024 23:28:20"> <meta name="Resource-type" content="document"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="335322400195482"> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://historicengland.org.uk/research/"> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Roman Villa site being excavated"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://historicengland.org.uk/media/qiqdmdyr/roman-villa-site-being-excavated-dp264265.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=1000&height=500&upscale=true&rnd=133364949971900000"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://historicengland.org.uk/media/qiqdmdyr/roman-villa-site-being-excavated-dp264265.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=1000&height=500&upscale=true&rnd=133364949971900000"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@historicengland"> <meta property="og:title" content="Research: Historic England's Research Findings for the Built, Archaeological and Marine Historic Environment | Historic England"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Research: Historic England's Research Findings for the Built, Archaeological and Marine Historic Environment | Historic England"> <meta property="og:description" content="Discover and use our high-quality applied research to support the protection and management of the historic environment."> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Discover and use our high-quality applied research to support the protection and management of the historic environment."> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="FpnkbAoVNG3shA_btABofMl417bCzTJ4xBB00sWHWlY"> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Historic England", "url": "https://historicengland.org.uk", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/HistoricEngland", "https://www.twitter.com/HistoricEngland", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/historicengland", "https://www.youtube.com/c/HistoricEngland", "https://www.instagram.com/historicengland/", "https://soundcloud.com/historicengland/" ] } </script> <script src="https://cc.cdn.civiccomputing.com/9/cookieControl-9.9.2.min.js" defer type="text/javascript"></script> <link href="/frontend/dist/css/main.8e8798eca59bbda35f29.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="/frontend/dist/js/main.e7ea810c04789218ec40.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="/frontend/dist/js/cookieControl.9868696b4b5c80f087ee.js" defer="defer"></script>  <script type="module" crossorigin="anonymous" src="/frontend/dist/shared/js/globals/js.cookie.min.js"></script> <script type="module" crossorigin="anonymous" src="/frontend/dist/shared/js/globals/browserModal.js"></script> <script nomodule defer src="/frontend/dist/shared/js/globals/js.cookie.min.js"></script> <script nomodule defer src="/frontend/dist/shared/js/globals/browserModal.js"></script> </head> <body class="govuk-frontend-supported historicengland.org.uk landingPage" data-user-signed-in="false" data-youtube-cookies-accepted="false"> <noscript class="hide"> <iframe title="Google Tag Manager" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M8N6VRF"> </iframe> </noscript> <a class="skip hidden" href="#main-content">Skip to main content</a> <header id="header" class="header"> <div class="header-bar"> <div title="Historic England - home page" class="header-bar__logo"> <a href="/" class="header-bar__logo-link"> <img class="header-bar__logo-image" src="/frontend/dist/shared/images/HE_Logo_RGB.svg" alt="Historic England logo with link to home page" /> </a> </div> <div class="header-bar__button-container"> <div id="hp-wrapper-header" class="header-bar__hp-link-wrapper" data-menu-open="false" data-signed-in="false"> <div class="header-bar__hp-link"> <a rel="nofollow" href="https://account.historicengland.org.uk/sign-in/?u=&referrer=https://historicengland.org.uk/research/" id="hp-primary-link-header" class="header-bar__hp-link-title" data-component="hpSignInHeaderClicked" > Sign in </a> </div> </div> <div title="Search Historic England" class="header-bar__search-button"> <a href="/sitesearch" class="header-bar__search-button-link" aria-labelledby="search-button-text"> <span id="search-button-text" class="header-bar__search-button-text">Search the site</span> <span class="icon icon--search"></span> </a> </div> <button id="header-bar__menu-trigger" class="header-bar__menu-button" aria-controls="navigation-primary" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open the main navigation"> <span title="Close Menu" class="icon icon--close"></span> <span title="Open Menu" class="icon icon--burger-nav"></span> </button> </div> </div>  <div class="megamenu"> <div id="megamenu-desktop" class="megamenu-desktop"> <div id="megamenu-overlay"></div> <nav class="megamenu-desktop__top-nav"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__top-nav-list" role="list"> <li id="listing" class="megamenu-desktop__top-nav--item"> <a rel="nofollow" href="#" class="megamenu-desktop__top-nav--item-link"> Listing </a> </li> <li id="advice-&-grants" class="megamenu-desktop__top-nav--item"> <a rel="nofollow" href="#" class="megamenu-desktop__top-nav--item-link"> Advice & Grants </a> </li> <li id="research" class="megamenu-desktop__top-nav--item"> <a rel="nofollow" href="#" class="megamenu-desktop__top-nav--item-link"> Research </a> </li> <li id="images-&-books" class="megamenu-desktop__top-nav--item"> <a rel="nofollow" href="#" class="megamenu-desktop__top-nav--item-link"> Images & Books </a> </li> <li id="services-&-skills" class="megamenu-desktop__top-nav--item"> <a rel="nofollow" href="#" class="megamenu-desktop__top-nav--item-link"> Services & Skills </a> </li> <li id="what's-new" class="megamenu-desktop__top-nav--item"> <a rel="nofollow" href="#" class="megamenu-desktop__top-nav--item-link"> What's New </a> </li> <li id="about-us" class="megamenu-desktop__top-nav--item"> <a rel="nofollow" href="#" class="megamenu-desktop__top-nav--item-link"> About Us </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-one d-none" role="dialog"> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--content"> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--content-inner"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-two" role="list"> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="search-the-list" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/listing/the-list/> Search the List </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/the-list/> Search the List </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/the-list/map-search/> Explore the List by Map </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/the-list/data-downloads/> Download Listing Data </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/missing-pieces/> Missing Pieces Project </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/listing/the-list/ aria-describedby="search-the-list"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="what-is-listing?" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/listing/what-is-designation/> What is Listing? </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/what-is-designation/listed-buildings/> Listed Buildings </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/what-is-designation/scheduled-monuments/> Scheduled Monuments </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/what-is-designation/registered-parks-and-gardens/> Registered Parks & Gardens </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/what-is-designation/registered-battlefields/> Registered Battlefields </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/what-is-designation/protected-wreck-sites/> Protected Wreck Sites </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/listing/what-is-designation/ aria-describedby="what-is-listing?"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="protect-a-historic-building-or-site" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/listing/protect-historic-places/> Protect a Historic Building or Site </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/protect-historic-places/apply-for-listing/> Apply for Listing </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/protect-historic-places/the-listing-process/> Listing Process </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/the-list/minor-amendments/> Updating the List </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/selection-criteria/> Listing Guidance </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/listing/protect-historic-places/ aria-describedby="protect-a-historic-building-or-site"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="national-blue-plaque-scheme" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/listing/national-blue-plaque-scheme/> National Blue Plaque Scheme </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/national-blue-plaque-scheme/> About the Scheme </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/national-blue-plaque-scheme/make-a-nomination/> How to Make a Nomination </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/national-blue-plaque-scheme/grants/> Community Research Grants </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/listing/national-blue-plaque-scheme/ aria-describedby="national-blue-plaque-scheme"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--link" href=/listing/ title="Listing"> <span class="editorPrimaryButton">View Listing</span> </a> </div> <ul class="d-none" role="list"> </ul> </div> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--content"> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--content-inner"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-two" role="list"> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="technical-guidance" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/advice/technical-advice/> Technical Guidance </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/technical-advice/retrofit-and-energy-efficiency-in-historic-buildings/> Retrofit and Energy Efficiency </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/technical-advice/building-regulations/> Building Regulations </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/technical-advice/information-management/> Information Management </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/technical-advice/building-services-engineering/> Building Services Engineering </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/advice/technical-advice/ aria-describedby="technical-guidance"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="grants" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/advice/grants/> Grants </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/grants/our-grant-schemes/> Our Grant Schemes </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/grants/our-priorities/> Our Grant Priorities </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/grants/other-grants/> Other Grants </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/grants/visit/> Visit Grant-Aided Places </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/advice/grants/ aria-describedby="grants"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="your-home" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/advice/your-home/> Your Home </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/your-home/owning-historic-property/> Owning an Older Home </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/your-home/maintain-repair/> Maintenance and Repairs </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/your-home/energy-efficiency/> Energy Efficiency </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/your-home/your-homes-history/> Your Home's History </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/advice/your-home/ aria-describedby="your-home"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="planning" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/advice/planning/> Planning </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/planning/consents/> Heritage Consents </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/planning/conservation-areas/> Conservation Areas </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/planning/planning-system/> The Planning System </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/planning/housing/> Housing </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/constructive-conservation/> Constructive Conservation </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/advice/planning/ aria-describedby="planning"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="heritage-at-risk" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/advice/heritage-at-risk/> Heritage at Risk </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/heritage-at-risk/search-register/> Search the Risk Register </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/heritage-at-risk/findings/> Latest Findings </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/heritage-at-risk/types/> What is Heritage at Risk? </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/advice/heritage-at-risk/ aria-describedby="heritage-at-risk"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="caring-for-heritage" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/advice/caring-for-heritage/> Caring for Heritage </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/caring-for-heritage/heritage-crime/> Heritage Crime </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/caring-for-heritage/rural-heritage/> Caring for Rural Heritage </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/caring-for-heritage/places-of-worship/> Places of Worship </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/advice/caring-for-heritage/ aria-describedby="caring-for-heritage"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="inclusive-heritage-advice-hub" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/services-skills/training-skills/heritageskills-cpd/inclusion/> Inclusive Heritage Advice Hub </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/services-skills/training-skills/heritageskills-cpd/inclusion/workplace/strategy/> How to Develop a Strategy </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/services-skills/training-skills/heritageskills-cpd/inclusion/workplace/accessible-writing/> How to Write Accessible Emails </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/services-skills/training-skills/heritageskills-cpd/inclusion/workplace/recruitment/> Positive Action and Discrimination </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/services-skills/training-skills/heritageskills-cpd/inclusion/ aria-describedby="inclusive-heritage-advice-hub"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="climate-change" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/advice/climate-change/> Climate Change </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/climate-change/our-strategy/> Our Strategy </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/climate-change/delivering-net-zero-local-data-demand-for-retrofitting-skills/> Delivering Net Zero Local Data Demand for Retrofitting Skills </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/climate-change/risks-and-hazards/> Risks and Hazards </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/climate-change/reponses/> Responses to Climate Change </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/advice/climate-change/ aria-describedby="climate-change"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--link" href=/advice/ title="Advice & Grants"> <span class="editorPrimaryButton">View Advice & Grants</span> </a> </div> <ul class="d-none" role="list"> </ul> </div> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--content"> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--content-inner"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-two" role="list"> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="research-results" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/research/> Research Results </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/results/reports/> Find Research Reports </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/results/publications/> Research Publications </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/results/aerial-archaeology-mapping-explorer/> Aerial Archaeology Map </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/whats-new/research/> Historic England Research Magazine </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/research/ aria-describedby="research-results"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="our-research" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/research/> Our Research </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/current/> Current Research </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/methods/> Research Methods </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/support-and-collaboration/> Support & Collaboration </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/research-governance/> Research Governance </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/agenda/> Our Research Strategy and Agenda </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/research/ aria-describedby="our-research"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="inclusive-heritage" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/research/inclusive-heritage/> Inclusive Heritage </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/inclusive-heritage/disability-history/> Disability History </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/inclusive-heritage/the-slave-trade-and-abolition/> Slave Trade and Abolition </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/inclusive-heritage/lgbtq-heritage-project/> LGBTQ Heritage </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/inclusive-heritage/womens-history/> Women's History </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/inclusive-heritage/another-england/> 100 Years of Black & Asian History </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/research/inclusive-heritage/ aria-describedby="inclusive-heritage"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="heritage-counts" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/research/heritage-counts/> Heritage Counts </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/heritage-counts/heritage-and-economy/> Heritage and the Economy </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/heritage-counts/heritage-and-society/> Heritage and Society </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/heritage-counts/heritage-and-environment/> Heritage and the Environment </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/research/heritage-counts/indicator-data/> Indicator Data </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/research/heritage-counts/ aria-describedby="heritage-counts"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--link" href=/research/ title="Research"> <span class="editorPrimaryButton">View Research</span> </a> </div> <ul class="d-none" role="list"> </ul> </div> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--content"> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--content-inner"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-two" role="list"> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-with-side-content"> <a id="find-photos" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/images-books/photos/> Find Photos </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/images-books/photos/> Find Photos and Images </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/images-books/archive/collections/aerial-photos/> Aerial Photos </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/images-books/archive/collections/> Explore our Collections </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/images-books/photos/ aria-describedby="find-photos"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-with-side-content"> <a id="the-historic-england-archive" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/images-books/archive/> The Historic England Archive </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/images-books/photos/archive-services/search-and-licensing/> Search, Copying and Licensing </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/images-books/archive/policies/> Archive Policies and Guidance </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/images-books/archive/library/> Historic England Library </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/images-books/archive/ aria-describedby="the-historic-england-archive"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-with-side-content"> <a id="search-all-publications" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/images-books/publications/> Search All Publications </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/images-books/publications/> Search for a Publication </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/topic/imprints/historic-england> Buy Books </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/images-books/publications/ aria-describedby="search-all-publications"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--link" href=/images-books/ title="Images & Books"> <span class="editorPrimaryButton">View Images & Books</span> </a> </div> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--side-content" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--side-content-title" href=/images-books/archive/collections/aerial-photos/> Aerial Photos </a> <p class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--side-content-description"> Explore 6 million historic aerial photographs covering all of England. </p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--content"> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--content-inner"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-two" role="list"> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="education" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/services-skills/education/> Education </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/services-skills/education/educational-images/> Educational Images </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/services-skills/education/work-experience/> Work Experience </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/services-skills/education/teaching-activities/> Teaching Activities </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/services-skills/education/heritage-schools/> Heritage Schools </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/services-skills/education/ aria-describedby="education"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="training-&-skills" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/services-skills/training-skills/> Training & Skills </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/services-skills/training-skills/training/> Training </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/services-skills/training-skills/work-based-training/> Work-Based Training </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/services-skills/training-skills/heritageskills-cpd/> Heritage Skills & CPD </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/services-skills/training-skills/ aria-describedby="training-&-skills"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="our-planning-services" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/services-skills/our-planning-services/> Our Planning Services </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/services-skills/our-planning-services/greater-london-archaeology-advisory-service/> Greater London Archaeology Advisory Service </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/services-skills/our-planning-services/enhanced-advisory-services/> Enhanced Advisory Services </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/services-skills/our-planning-services/charter/> Charter for Advisory Services </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/services-skills/our-planning-services/ aria-describedby="our-planning-services"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="heritage-action-zones" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/advice/heritage-action-zones/> Heritage Action Zones </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/heritage-action-zones/> What are Heritage Action Zones? </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/advice/heritage-action-zones/regenerating-historic-high-streets/> High Streets Heritage Action Zones </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/advice/heritage-action-zones/ aria-describedby="heritage-action-zones"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--link" href=/services-skills/ title="Services & Skills"> <span class="editorPrimaryButton">View Services & Skills</span> </a> </div> <ul class="d-none" role="list"> </ul> </div> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--content"> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--content-inner"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-two" role="list"> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-with-side-content"> <a id="news-&-stories" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/whats-new/news/> News & Stories </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/whats-new/news/> News </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/whats-new/statements/> Press Statements </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=https://heritagecalling.com> Historic England Blog </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/whats-new/stay-up-to-date/> Follow and Subscribe </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/whats-new/news/ aria-describedby="news-&-stories"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-with-side-content"> <a id="in-your-area" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/whats-new/in-your-area/> In Your Area </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/whats-new/in-your-area/east-of-england/> East of England </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/whats-new/in-your-area/london/> London </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/whats-new/in-your-area/midlands/> Midlands </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/whats-new/in-your-area/north-east/> North East </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/whats-new/in-your-area/north-west/> North West </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/whats-new/in-your-area/ aria-describedby="in-your-area"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-with-side-content"> <a id="recently-published" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/whats-new/> Recently Published </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/whats-new/research/> Historic England Research Magazine </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/listing/national-blue-plaque-scheme/> National Blue Plaque Scheme </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/whats-new/features/uk-heritage-pulse/> UK Heritage Pulse </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/whats-new/ aria-describedby="recently-published"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--link" href=/whats-new/ title="What's New"> <span class="editorPrimaryButton">View What's New</span> </a> </div> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--side-content" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--side-content-title" href=/whats-new/news/new-funding-to-celebrate-rural-coastal-working-class-heritage/> New Funding to Celebrate Rural and Coastal Working-Class Heritage </a> <p class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--side-content-description"> The projects will explore untold stories at the heart of our history. </p> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--side-content-title" href=/whats-new/news/heritage-at-risk-2024/> Historic England Reveals its Heritage at Risk Register 2024 </a> <p class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--side-content-description"> </p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--content"> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--content-inner"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-two" role="list"> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="what-we-do" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/about/what-we-do/> What We Do </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/about/what-we-do/historic-englands-role/> Our Role </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/about/what-we-do/strategy/> Future Strategy </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/about/what-we-do/corporate-plan/> Corporate Plan </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/about/what-we-do/annual-reports-and-accounts/> Annual Report & Accounts </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/about/how-we-are-funded/> How We Are Funded </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/about/what-we-do/ aria-describedby="what-we-do"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="who-we-are" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/about/who-we-are/> Who We Are </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/about/who-we-are/commission/> Commission </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/about/who-we-are/executive-team/> Executive Team </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/about/who-we-are/committees-and-panels/> Committees </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/about/who-we-are/heritage-belongs-to-everyone/> Equalities </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/about/who-we-are/ aria-describedby="who-we-are"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="contact-us" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/about/contact-us/> Contact Us </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/about/contact-us/london-national/> London National Office </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/about/contact-us/swindon/> Swindon National Office </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/about/contact-us/fort-cumberland/> Fort Cumberland </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/about/contact-us/press/> Contact our Press Office </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/about/contact-us/ aria-describedby="contact-us"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--li-without-side-content"> <a id="jobs-&-careers" class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--title" href=/about/jobs/> Jobs & Careers </a> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--content"> <ul class="megamenu-desktop__level-three" role="list"> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=https://app.beapplied.com/org/1703/historic-england> Current Vacancies </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/about/jobs/opportunities/> Explore Career Areas </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/about/jobs/apprenticeships/> Apprenticeships </a> </li> <li> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-three--title" href=/about/jobs/everyone-is-welcome/> Everyone's Welcome </a> </li> </ul> <div class="megamenu-desktop__level-two--link"> <a href=/about/jobs/ aria-describedby="jobs-&-careers"> View all </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <a class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--link" href=/about/ title="About Us"> <span class="editorPrimaryButton">View About Us</span> </a> </div> <ul class="d-none" role="list"> </ul> </div> <button class="megamenu-desktop__level-one--close-button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close main menu" title="Close main menu"> <span class="icon icon--close-bold"></span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="megamenu-mobile d-none"> <nav class="megamenu-mobile__top-nav"> <ul class="megamenu-mobile__top-nav__list"> <li class="megamenu-mobile__top-nav__list-item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__top-nav__list-item__link" tabindex="0"> Listing <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__top-nav__list-item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__top-nav__list-item__link" tabindex="0"> Advice & Grants <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__top-nav__list-item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__top-nav__list-item__link" tabindex="0"> Research <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__top-nav__list-item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__top-nav__list-item__link" tabindex="0"> Images & Books <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__top-nav__list-item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__top-nav__list-item__link" tabindex="0"> Services & Skills <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__top-nav__list-item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__top-nav__list-item__link" tabindex="0"> What's New <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__top-nav__list-item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__top-nav__list-item__link" tabindex="0"> About Us <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="megamenu-mobile__sign-in" class="megamenu-mobile__sign-in"> <div class="megamenu-mobile__sign-in-link"> <a rel="nofollow" href="https://account.historicengland.org.uk/sign-in/?u=&referrer=https://historicengland.org.uk/research/"> Sign in <span class="icon icon--sign-in"></span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="megamenu-mobile__level-one"> <div class="megamenu-mobile__level-one__back" tabindex="0"> <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> <div id="mobile-back-button" class="megamenu-mobile__level-one__back-button">Back</div> </div> <div class="megamenu-mobile__level-one--content d-none"> <ul class="megamenu-mobile__level-two"> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--level-one-link"> <a href=/listing/> Listing <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/listing/the-list/> Search the List <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/listing/what-is-designation/> What is Listing? <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/listing/protect-historic-places/> Protect a Historic Building or Site <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/listing/national-blue-plaque-scheme/> National Blue Plaque Scheme <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="megamenu-mobile__level-one--content d-none"> <ul class="megamenu-mobile__level-two"> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--level-one-link"> <a href=/advice/> Advice & Grants <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/advice/technical-advice/> Technical Guidance <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/advice/grants/> Grants <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/advice/your-home/> Your Home <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/advice/planning/> Planning <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/advice/heritage-at-risk/> Heritage at Risk <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/advice/caring-for-heritage/> Caring for Heritage <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/services-skills/training-skills/heritageskills-cpd/inclusion/> Inclusive Heritage Advice Hub <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/advice/climate-change/> Climate Change <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="megamenu-mobile__level-one--content d-none"> <ul class="megamenu-mobile__level-two"> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--level-one-link"> <a href=/research/> Research <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/research/> Research Results <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/research/> Our Research <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/research/inclusive-heritage/> Inclusive Heritage <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/research/heritage-counts/> Heritage Counts <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="megamenu-mobile__level-one--content d-none"> <ul class="megamenu-mobile__level-two"> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--level-one-link"> <a href=/images-books/> Images & Books <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/images-books/photos/> Find Photos <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/images-books/archive/> The Historic England Archive <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/images-books/publications/> Search All Publications <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="megamenu-mobile__level-one--content d-none"> <ul class="megamenu-mobile__level-two"> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--level-one-link"> <a href=/services-skills/> Services & Skills <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/services-skills/education/> Education <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/services-skills/training-skills/> Training & Skills <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/services-skills/our-planning-services/> Our Planning Services <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/advice/heritage-action-zones/> Heritage Action Zones <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="megamenu-mobile__level-one--content d-none"> <ul class="megamenu-mobile__level-two"> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--level-one-link"> <a href=/whats-new/> What's New <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/whats-new/news/> News & Stories <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/whats-new/in-your-area/> In Your Area <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/whats-new/> Recently Published <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="megamenu-mobile__level-one--content d-none"> <ul class="megamenu-mobile__level-two"> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--level-one-link"> <a href=/about/> About Us <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/about/what-we-do/> What We Do <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/about/who-we-are/> Who We Are <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/about/contact-us/> Contact Us <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> <li class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--item"> <a class="megamenu-mobile__level-two--title" href=/about/jobs/> Jobs & Careers <span class="icon icon--chev-right-bold"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="megamenu-mobile__sign-in"> <div class="megamenu-mobile__sign-in-link"> <a rel="nofollow" href="https://account.historicengland.org.uk/sign-in/?u=&referrer=https://historicengland.org.uk/research/"> Sign in <span class="icon icon--sign-in"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main id="main" class="main sticky-footer__main js-page-container"> <div class="outer-container container-fluid"> <div class="he-grid-row page-top-components__wrapper"> <div class="page-top-components"> <div> <div class="page-top-components__inner-container"> <nav class="breadcrumb" aria-label="breadcrumb"> <ul class="breadcrumb__inner-container"> <li class="breadcrumb__item"> <a class="breadcrumb__link" href="/" data-component="breadcrumbClicked">Home</a> <span class="breadcrumb__chevron icon icon--chev-right"></span> </li> <li class="breadcrumb__item breadcrumb__item--active" aria-current="page" aria-label="current page: Research"> Research <span class="breadcrumb__chevron icon icon--chev-right"></span> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="page-top-components__inner-container-right"> <div id=social-media-container-f9d13083-b4b7-4b39-8b33-2bdb5c2e541f class="social-media-share-icons"> <div class="social-media-share-icons__title">Share this page</div> <div class="social-media-share-icons__share-button"> <button type="button" class="social-media-share-icons__share-button-link" title="Share this page" aria-controls="social-media-menu-f9d13083-b4b7-4b39-8b33-2bdb5c2e541f" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="icon icon--social"></span> <span class="icon icon--social-close"></span> <span class="social-media-share-icons__text">Share</span> </button> </div> <div id="social-media-menu-f9d13083-b4b7-4b39-8b33-2bdb5c2e541f" class="social-media-share-icons__icon-container"> <a href="#" class="socialButton container-for-icon btn-fb" data-social-share-target="facebook" data-component="FacebookShare" title="Share this page on Facebook" aria-label="Share this page on Facebook"> <span class="icon icon--facebook"></span> </a> <a href="#" class="socialButton container-for-icon btn-twitter" data-social-share-target="twitter" data-component="TwitterShare" title="Share this page on Twitter" aria-label="Share this page on Twitter"> <span class="icon icon--twitter"></span> </a> <a href="#" class="socialButton container-for-icon btn-linkedin" data-social-share-target="linkedin" data-component="LinkedInShare" title="Share this page on LinkedIn" aria-label="Share this page on LinkedIn"> <span class="icon icon--linkedin"></span> </a> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#e9d69a9c8b838c8a9dd4bb8c9a8c889b8a81ccdaa8ccdbd9a1809a9d869b808accdbd9ac878e8588878dccdbde9accdbd9bb8c9a8c889b8a81ccdbd9af80878d80878e9accdbd98f869bccdbd99d818cccdbd9ab9c80859dccdbaaccdbd9a89b8a81888c8685868e808a8885ccdbd988878dccdbd9a4889b80878cccdbd9a1809a9d869b808accdbd9ac879f809b8687848c879dccdbd9ccdeaaccdbd9a1809a9d869b808accdbd9ac878e8588878dcf8b868d90d4819d9d999ad3c6c681809a9d869b808a8c878e8588878dc7869b8ec79c82c69b8c9a8c889b8a81c6" class="container-for-icon btn-email" data-component="emailShare" title="Share this page by Email" aria-label="Share this page by Email"> <span class="icon icon--email"></span> </a> </div> </div> <button class="print-button" title="Print this page" data-component="printPageButton"> <span class="print-button__inner-container"> <span class="print-button__icon-wrapper"> <span class="icon icon--print top-0"></span> </span> <span class="print-button__title">Print</span> </span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main-content" class="container"> <div class="header-content he-grid-row"> <div class="text-col header-content__outer-container"> <div id="page-title" class="header-content__inner-container"> <h1 class="h1">Research</h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="he-grid-row"> <div class="publish-date-container text-col"> <div class="publish-date container-for-icon green-text publish-date-container--no-margin-top show-display-date container-for-icon"> <time class="green-text" datetime="2024-05-24"> Updated 24 May 2024 </time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="he-grid-row"> <div class="summary"> <div class="summary__content"> <p>We carry out and fund high-quality applied research to support the protection and management of the historic environment.聽Here you can find out about our current programme of research at Historic England and the principles and methods that underpin it.聽</p> <p>Our programme is wide-ranging and both national and local in scope, with projects that highlight new discoveries and provide greater understanding and enjoyment of our historic places.聽The results of our research are also described here.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grouped-landing-block grouped-landing-block--featured-item grouped-landing-block--featured-item-no-background"> <div class="container"> <div class="he-grid-row"> <div class="he-grid-col-12 he-grid-col-lg-4"> <h2 class=" grouped-landing-block__title"> Research Reports </h2> <div class="grouped-landing-block__summary"> <p>Our historic environment research reports includes work we have carried out and work that we have funded. There are over 7,000 reports available as free downloads going back over 50 years.</p> </div> </div> <div class="he-grid-col-12 he-grid-col-lg-8"> <ul class="image-card-grid"> <li class="image-card image-card--has-background"> <img class="js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/iiynr0w2/dendro.jpg?center=0.0380172871536016,0.006740549779472989&mode=crop&quality=90&width=759&height=425&upscale=true&rnd=133692250014770000 759w, /media/iiynr0w2/dendro.jpg?center=0.0380172871536016,0.006740549779472989&mode=crop&quality=90&width=630&height=353&upscale=true&rnd=133692250014770000 630w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAJCAYAAAA7KqwyAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARzQklUCAgICHwIZIgAAAAZSURBVChTY/z148d/BgoA46gBDKNhwMAAAGVBIzsV1Sf0AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 630px, 759px" alt="" /> <div class="image-card__body-heading"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/research/results/reports/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Research Reports </a> <p class="image-card__body-description"> Our Research Report series includes research carried out by Historic England and on our behalf by other organisations. </p> </div> </li> <li class="image-card image-card--has-background"> <img class="image-card__second-image js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/zespksv1/dp187614_richmond_school_copyright_patricia_payne.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=295&height=200&upscale=true&rnd=133710362509870000 295w, /media/zespksv1/dp187614_richmond_school_copyright_patricia_payne.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=285&height=190&upscale=true&rnd=133710362509870000 285w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAJCAYAAAA7KqwyAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARzQklUCAgICHwIZIgAAAAZSURBVChTY/z148d/BgoA46gBDKNhwMAAAGVBIzsV1Sf0AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 285px, 295px" alt="" /> <div class="image-card__body-heading"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/research/results/about-the-research-reports-database/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> About the Research Reports Database </a> <p class="image-card__body-description"> Learn about the scope of the Research Reports database </p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grouped-landing-block container"> <div class="he-grid-row"> <div class="he-grid-col-12"> <h2 class="grouped-landing-block__title"> Research at Historic England </h2> <ul class="image-card-grid image-card-grid--three-col image-card-grid--without-summary "> <li class="image-card"> <img class="js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/gaxdb0kv/ditheringtonbn.jpg?center=0.00847811501546504,0.0041706418246252952&mode=crop&quality=90&width=345&height=135&upscale=true&rnd=133706221156570000 345w, /media/gaxdb0kv/ditheringtonbn.jpg?center=0.00847811501546504,0.0041706418246252952&mode=crop&quality=90&width=490&height=195&upscale=true&rnd=133706221156570000 490w, /media/gaxdb0kv/ditheringtonbn.jpg?center=0.00847811501546504,0.0041706418246252952&mode=crop&quality=90&width=660&height=260&upscale=true&rnd=133706221156570000 660w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABcAAAAJCAQAAABz/3/AAAAAFElEQVR42mP8/5+BBMA4qnxAlAMAZW8R+PJ4NSgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" sizes="(min-width: 718px) 490px, (min-width: 500px) 660px, (min-width: 400px) 445px, 345px" alt=""/> <a class="image-card__link block-link heading-anchor h4" href="/research/results/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Research Results </a> <p class="image-card__text"> Find out how to access the results of our research, including from past projects. </p> </li> <li class="image-card"> <img class="js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/2003/banner-wwl-soldier-stained-glass-window.jpg?center=0,0&mode=crop&quality=90&width=345&height=135&upscale=true&rnd=132213027610570000 345w, /media/2003/banner-wwl-soldier-stained-glass-window.jpg?center=0,0&mode=crop&quality=90&width=490&height=195&upscale=true&rnd=132213027610570000 490w, /media/2003/banner-wwl-soldier-stained-glass-window.jpg?center=0,0&mode=crop&quality=90&width=660&height=260&upscale=true&rnd=132213027610570000 660w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABcAAAAJCAQAAABz/3/AAAAAFElEQVR42mP8/5+BBMA4qnxAlAMAZW8R+PJ4NSgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" sizes="(min-width: 718px) 490px, (min-width: 500px) 660px, (min-width: 400px) 445px, 345px" alt=""/> <a class="image-card__link block-link heading-anchor h4" href="/research/current/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Current Research Programme </a> <p class="image-card__text"> Find out about Historic England's current comprehensive research programme. </p> </li> <li class="image-card"> <img class="js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/2002/banner-methods-marden-multisurvey.jpg?center=0.0,0.0&mode=crop&quality=90&width=345&height=135&upscale=true&rnd=132213027546000000 345w, /media/2002/banner-methods-marden-multisurvey.jpg?center=0.0,0.0&mode=crop&quality=90&width=490&height=195&upscale=true&rnd=132213027546000000 490w, /media/2002/banner-methods-marden-multisurvey.jpg?center=0.0,0.0&mode=crop&quality=90&width=660&height=260&upscale=true&rnd=132213027546000000 660w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABcAAAAJCAQAAABz/3/AAAAAFElEQVR42mP8/5+BBMA4qnxAlAMAZW8R+PJ4NSgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" sizes="(min-width: 718px) 490px, (min-width: 500px) 660px, (min-width: 400px) 445px, 345px" alt=""/> <a class="image-card__link block-link heading-anchor h4" href="/research/methods/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Research Methods </a> <p class="image-card__text"> Historic England uses a wide range of techniques to investigate and interpret remains of the past and carry out research into England's heritage </p> </li> <li class="image-card"> <img class="js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/2005/tintagel.jpg?center=0,0&mode=crop&quality=90&width=345&height=135&upscale=true&rnd=132213027576170000 345w, /media/2005/tintagel.jpg?center=0,0&mode=crop&quality=90&width=490&height=195&upscale=true&rnd=132213027576170000 490w, /media/2005/tintagel.jpg?center=0,0&mode=crop&quality=90&width=660&height=260&upscale=true&rnd=132213027576170000 660w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABcAAAAJCAQAAABz/3/AAAAAFElEQVR42mP8/5+BBMA4qnxAlAMAZW8R+PJ4NSgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" sizes="(min-width: 718px) 490px, (min-width: 500px) 660px, (min-width: 400px) 445px, 345px" alt=""/> <a class="image-card__link block-link heading-anchor h4" href="/research/support-and-collaboration/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Support & Collaboration </a> <p class="image-card__text"> Find out about the support and funding that we provide to those carrying out research into the historic environment. </p> </li> <li class="image-card"> <img class="js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/xkkpgzpa/research-agenda-banner.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=345&height=135&upscale=true&rnd=133704406025370000 345w, /media/xkkpgzpa/research-agenda-banner.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=490&height=195&upscale=true&rnd=133704406025370000 490w, /media/xkkpgzpa/research-agenda-banner.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=660&height=260&upscale=true&rnd=133704406025370000 660w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABcAAAAJCAQAAABz/3/AAAAAFElEQVR42mP8/5+BBMA4qnxAlAMAZW8R+PJ4NSgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" sizes="(min-width: 718px) 490px, (min-width: 500px) 660px, (min-width: 400px) 445px, 345px" alt=""/> <a class="image-card__link block-link heading-anchor h4" href="/research/agenda/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Research Strategy & Agenda </a> <p class="image-card__text"> The Research Strategy and Agenda for Historic England sets out what research we do or fund and is a tool for collaboration with academic researchers </p> </li> <li class="image-card"> <img class="js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/12287/community-conversation.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=345&height=135&upscale=true&rnd=132367723711470000 345w, /media/12287/community-conversation.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=490&height=195&upscale=true&rnd=132367723711470000 490w, /media/12287/community-conversation.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=660&height=260&upscale=true&rnd=132367723711470000 660w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABcAAAAJCAQAAABz/3/AAAAAFElEQVR42mP8/5+BBMA4qnxAlAMAZW8R+PJ4NSgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" sizes="(min-width: 718px) 490px, (min-width: 500px) 660px, (min-width: 400px) 445px, 345px" alt=""/> <a class="image-card__link block-link heading-anchor h4" href="/research/research-governance/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Research Governance </a> <p class="image-card__text"> Historic England's approach to research governance including research integrity and conduct. </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grouped-landing-block grouped-landing-block--text-blocks grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-background grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-background-spacing"> <div class="container"> <div class="he-grid-row" data-he-fw> <div class="he-grid-col-12"> <h2 class="grouped-landing-block__title"> Historic England Research Magazine </h2> <div class="grouped-landing-block__summary grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-summary lead"> <h3>Current Issue 26:聽 Industrial heritage and more</h3> <p>This issue focuses on research into industrial heritage, mapping Palaeolithic evidence and investigating heritage in the intertidal zone.</p> <p>You can <a href="/images-books/publications/historic-england-research-26/" title="Historic England Research Issue 26" data-anchor="#">download the magazine in PDF format</a> or read as web pages below.</p> </div> </div> <div class="he-grid-col-12"> <ul class="image-card-grid grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-feature-blocks grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-cta"> <li class="image-card grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-link-url grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-no-background"> <div class="grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-image-card"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/whats-new/research/introduction-to-issue-26/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Introduction to Issue 26 </a> <p> This issue explores aspects of industrial heritage, Palaeolithic landscapes, and the relationship between intertidal heritage and biodiversity. </p> </div> </li> <li class="image-card grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-link-url grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-no-background"> <div class="grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-image-card"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/whats-new/research/when-soho-led-the-world/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> When Soho Led the World </a> <p> The technological accomplishments of the Soho Manufactory, Mint and Foundry in the West Midlands. </p> </div> </li> <li class="image-card grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-link-url grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-no-background"> <div class="grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-image-card"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/whats-new/research/steam-powered-pumping-stations-and-the-sanitary-crisis-of-victorian-cities/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Steam-Powered Pumping Stations and the Sanitary Crisis of Victorian Cities </a> <p> International research illuminates an English building type constructed in response to challenges in public sanitation. </p> </div> </li> <li class="image-card grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-link-url grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-no-background"> <div class="grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-image-card"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/whats-new/research/investigating-the-built-environment-in-lancashire-s-historic-textile-areas/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Investigating the Built Environment in Lancashire鈥檚 Historic Textile Areas </a> <p> Exploring the local infrastructure that underpinned the industrial revolution. </p> </div> </li> <li class="image-card grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-link-url grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-no-background"> <div class="grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-image-card"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/whats-new/research/500-years-of-oasts-and-hop-kilns-in-england/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> 500 Years of Oasts and Hop Kilns in England </a> <p> An overview of the research behind a recent Historic England book, which tells the story of hop processing. </p> </div> </li> <li class="image-card grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-link-url grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-no-background"> <div class="grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-image-card"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/whats-new/research/malt-kilns-and-malthouses/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Malt Kilns and Malthouses </a> <p> A new book tells the important story of how maltings evolved in England and looks at their future use. </p> </div> </li> <li class="image-card grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-link-url grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-no-background"> <div class="grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-image-card"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/whats-new/research/investigating-the-intertidal-zone/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Investigating the Intertidal Zone </a> <p> A pilot study in Plymouth Sound demonstrates the value of researchers in coastal heritage working with marine science in response to climate change. </p> </div> </li> <li class="image-card grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-link-url grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-no-background"> <div class="grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-image-card"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/whats-new/research/mapping-the-palaeolithic-in-england/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Mapping the Palaeolithic in England </a> <p> Developing a GIS resource to help map the potential for Palaeolithic period archaeology in England. </p> </div> </li> <li class="image-card grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-link-url grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-no-background"> <div class="grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-image-card"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/whats-new/research/research-reports-roundup-february-2024/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Research Reports Roundup to February 2024 </a> <p> A roundup of new additions to the Historic England Research Reports database and a longer term overview of industrial heritage reports. </p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="he-grid-col-12"> <div class="icon-link__wrapper icon-link__wrapper--arrow grouped-landing-block--text-blocks-has-grouplink-cta"> <a class="icon-link dark-link" href="/whats-new/research/back-issues/"> <div class="icon-link__text-wrapper"> <span class="icon-link__text"> Explore back issues of Historic England Research magazine </span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grouped-landing-block grouped-landing-block--featured-item grouped-landing-block--featured-item-no-background"> <div class="container"> <div class="he-grid-row"> <div class="he-grid-col-12 he-grid-col-lg-4"> <h2 class=" grouped-landing-block__title"> Finding a Future for Archaeological Collections </h2> <div class="grouped-landing-block__summary"> <p>The <a href="/research/support-and-collaboration/future-for-archaeological-archives-programme/" title="Future for Archaeological Archives Programme">Future for Archaeological Archives Programme</a> has been set up to find a sustainable future for archaeological collections recovered from excavations in England. The value in these archives lies mostly in potential further research. There is an obligation to future generations not to lose them.聽</p> </div> </div> <div class="he-grid-col-12 he-grid-col-lg-8"> <ul class="image-card-grid"> <li class="image-card image-card--has-background"> <img class="js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/lkqbadox/archaeological-archive-pottery.jpg?center=0.52505436888663215,0.50125313283208017&mode=crop&quality=90&width=759&height=425&upscale=true&rnd=133057375210100000 759w, /media/lkqbadox/archaeological-archive-pottery.jpg?center=0.52505436888663215,0.50125313283208017&mode=crop&quality=90&width=630&height=353&upscale=true&rnd=133057375210100000 630w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAJCAYAAAA7KqwyAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARzQklUCAgICHwIZIgAAAAZSURBVChTY/z148d/BgoA46gBDKNhwMAAAGVBIzsV1Sf0AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 630px, 759px" alt="" /> <div class="image-card__body-heading"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/research/support-and-collaboration/future-for-archaeological-archives-programme/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Future for Archaeological Archives Programme (FAAP) </a> <p class="image-card__body-description"> The Future for Archaeological Archives Programme aims at a sustainable approach to the creation and curation of archaeological archives. </p> </div> </li> <li class="image-card image-card--has-background"> <img class="image-card__second-image js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/2086/archives-store.jpg?center=0.0,0.0&mode=crop&quality=90&width=295&height=200&upscale=true&rnd=132213027577170000 295w, /media/2086/archives-store.jpg?center=0.0,0.0&mode=crop&quality=90&width=285&height=190&upscale=true&rnd=132213027577170000 285w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAJCAYAAAA7KqwyAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARzQklUCAgICHwIZIgAAAAZSURBVChTY/z148d/BgoA46gBDKNhwMAAAGVBIzsV1Sf0AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 285px, 295px" alt="" /> <div class="image-card__body-heading"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/research/methods/archaeology/archaeological-archives/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Research Methods: Archaeological Archives </a> <p class="image-card__body-description"> Archaeological archives consist of the records and finds made during an archaeological project </p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grouped-landing-block container"> <div class="he-grid-row"> <div class="he-grid-col-12"> <h2 class="grouped-landing-block__title"> Inclusive Heritage </h2> <div class="grouped-landing-block__summary"> <p>Explore how important aspects of our past, such as the <a href="/research/inclusive-heritage/the-slave-trade-and-abolition/" title="The Slave Trade and Abolition">transatlantic slave trade and its abolition</a>, <a href="/research/inclusive-heritage/womens-history/" title="Women's History">attitudes towards disability</a>, and the <a href="/research/inclusive-heritage/womens-history/" title="Women's History">changing role of women</a>, are reflected in the buildings of our towns and cities.</p> </div> <ul class="image-card-grid image-card-grid--three-col image-card-grid--with-summary image-card-grid--group-link-cta"> <li class="image-card"> <img class="js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/14094/dp263458_banner.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=345&height=135&upscale=true&rnd=132376521835600000 345w, /media/14094/dp263458_banner.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=490&height=195&upscale=true&rnd=132376521835600000 490w, /media/14094/dp263458_banner.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=660&height=260&upscale=true&rnd=132376521835600000 660w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABcAAAAJCAQAAABz/3/AAAAAFElEQVR42mP8/5+BBMA4qnxAlAMAZW8R+PJ4NSgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" sizes="(min-width: 718px) 490px, (min-width: 500px) 660px, (min-width: 400px) 445px, 345px" alt=""/> <a class="image-card__link block-link heading-anchor h4" href="/research/inclusive-heritage/the-slave-trade-and-abolition/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> The Slave Trade and Abolition </a> <p class="image-card__text"> Historic England has researched the connections between the transatlantic slave trade and the properties in the care of English Heritage. </p> </li> <li class="image-card"> <img class="js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/5cmlmtev/banner-queen-marys-hospital-roehampton.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=345&height=135&upscale=true&rnd=133687902867470000 345w, /media/5cmlmtev/banner-queen-marys-hospital-roehampton.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=490&height=195&upscale=true&rnd=133687902867470000 490w, /media/5cmlmtev/banner-queen-marys-hospital-roehampton.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=660&height=260&upscale=true&rnd=133687902867470000 660w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABcAAAAJCAQAAABz/3/AAAAAFElEQVR42mP8/5+BBMA4qnxAlAMAZW8R+PJ4NSgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" sizes="(min-width: 718px) 490px, (min-width: 500px) 660px, (min-width: 400px) 445px, 345px" alt=""/> <a class="image-card__link block-link heading-anchor h4" href="/research/inclusive-heritage/disability-history/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Disability History </a> <p class="image-card__text"> Disability in Time and Place reveals how disabled people's lives are integral to the heritage all around us. </p> </li> <li class="image-card"> <img class="js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/gl4neyc5/cellular-clothing-company-swindon-bl_16856_a.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=345&height=135&upscale=true&rnd=133510820339630000 345w, /media/gl4neyc5/cellular-clothing-company-swindon-bl_16856_a.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=490&height=195&upscale=true&rnd=133510820339630000 490w, /media/gl4neyc5/cellular-clothing-company-swindon-bl_16856_a.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=660&height=260&upscale=true&rnd=133510820339630000 660w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABcAAAAJCAQAAABz/3/AAAAAFElEQVR42mP8/5+BBMA4qnxAlAMAZW8R+PJ4NSgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" sizes="(min-width: 718px) 490px, (min-width: 500px) 660px, (min-width: 400px) 445px, 345px" alt=""/> <a class="image-card__link block-link heading-anchor h4" href="/research/inclusive-heritage/womens-history/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Women's History </a> <p class="image-card__text"> Women's achievements and experience have left a deep impression on the historic environment. </p> </li> </ul> <div class="grouped-landing-block__icon icon-link__wrapper icon-link__wrapper--arrow"> <a class="icon-link" href="/research/inclusive-heritage/"> <div class="icon-link__text-wrapper"> <span class="icon-link__text">Browse Inclusive Heritage</span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grouped-landing-block grouped-landing-block--featured-item grouped-landing-block--featured-item-has-background"> <div class="container"> <div class="he-grid-row"> <div class="he-grid-col-12 he-grid-col-lg-4"> <h2 class=" grouped-landing-block__title"> Heritage Counts </h2> <div class="grouped-landing-block__summary"> <p><strong>Trends, insights and data about the heritage sector.</strong></p> <p>Heritage Counts is research published by Historic England, providing evidence for the value of heritage to our economy, society and environment.聽</p> </div> <div class="he-grid-col-12 grouped-landing-block--featured-item-cta-top"> <div class="icon-link__wrapper icon-link__wrapper--arrow"> <a class="icon-link dark-link" href="/research/heritage-counts/"> <div class="icon-link__text-wrapper"> <span class="icon-link__text text-wrap"> Explore more </span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="he-grid-col-12 he-grid-col-lg-8"> <ul class="image-card-grid"> <li class="image-card image-card--no-background"> <img class="js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/13053/aa050338.jpg?center=0.59548254620123209,0.49666666666666665&mode=crop&quality=90&width=759&height=425&upscale=true&rnd=132271191186700000 759w, /media/13053/aa050338.jpg?center=0.59548254620123209,0.49666666666666665&mode=crop&quality=90&width=630&height=353&upscale=true&rnd=132271191186700000 630w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAJCAYAAAA7KqwyAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARzQklUCAgICHwIZIgAAAAZSURBVChTY/z148d/BgoA46gBDKNhwMAAAGVBIzsV1Sf0AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 630px, 759px" alt="" /> <div class="image-card__body-heading"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/research/heritage-counts/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Heritage Counts </a> <p class="image-card__body-description"> Heritage Counts is the annual audit of England's heritage. It outlines changes in the sector and reports on indicators for the historic environment. </p> </div> </li> <li class="image-card image-card--no-background"> <img class="image-card__second-image js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/17415/tide-mill-thorrington-dp300892.jpg?center=0.52038369304556353,0.5&mode=crop&quality=90&width=295&height=200&upscale=true&rnd=133439934182800000 295w, /media/17415/tide-mill-thorrington-dp300892.jpg?center=0.52038369304556353,0.5&mode=crop&quality=90&width=285&height=190&upscale=true&rnd=133439934182800000 285w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAJCAYAAAA7KqwyAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARzQklUCAgICHwIZIgAAAAZSURBVChTY/z148d/BgoA46gBDKNhwMAAAGVBIzsV1Sf0AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 285px, 295px" alt="" /> <div class="image-card__body-heading"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/research/heritage-counts/indicator-data/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Heritage Indicators </a> <p class="image-card__body-description"> Each year, Heritage Counts collates datasets about a range of indicators that provide useful insights into the state of the historic environment. </p> </div> </li> <li class="image-card image-card--no-background"> <div class="image-card__body-heading"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/research/heritage-counts/heritage-and-society/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Heritage and Society </a> <p class="image-card__body-description"> Latest reports highlighting how the public connects with heritage and the value of heritage to society. </p> </div> </li> <li class="image-card image-card--no-background"> <div class="image-card__body-heading"> <a class="heading-anchor block-link container-for-icon h4" href="/research/heritage-counts/heritage-and-economy/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Heritage and the Economy </a> <p class="image-card__body-description"> Findings from our studies of heritage and economic activity, and new research: the Heritage Economic Estimate Indicators. </p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="he-grid-col-12 grouped-landing-block--featured-item-cta-bottom"> <div class="icon-link__wrapper icon-link__wrapper--arrow"> <a class="icon-link dark-link" href="/research/heritage-counts/"> <div class="icon-link__text-wrapper"> <span class="icon-link__text"> Explore more </span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grouped-landing-block container"> <div class="he-grid-row"> <div class="he-grid-col-12"> <h2 class="grouped-landing-block__title"> Our Research Mapped </h2> <ul class="image-card-grid image-card-grid--three-col image-card-grid--without-summary "> <li class="image-card"> <img class="js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/9250/researchmap.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=345&height=135&upscale=true&rnd=132213028251270000 345w, /media/9250/researchmap.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=490&height=195&upscale=true&rnd=132213028251270000 490w, /media/9250/researchmap.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=660&height=260&upscale=true&rnd=132213028251270000 660w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABcAAAAJCAQAAABz/3/AAAAAFElEQVR42mP8/5+BBMA4qnxAlAMAZW8R+PJ4NSgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" sizes="(min-width: 718px) 490px, (min-width: 500px) 660px, (min-width: 400px) 445px, 345px" alt=""/> <a class="image-card__link block-link heading-anchor h4" href="https://historicengland.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=f909e3a5dcea4fc9bdac468a6c0ec0bb&mobileBreakPoint=300" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Research Reports Map </a> <p class="image-card__text"> Explore our research reports including selection of research reports for place-based projects published after 2006. </p> </li> <li class="image-card"> <img class="js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/kofb3pfv/aame_banner_accessible-002.jpg?center=0.50544560839360375,0.50125313283208017&mode=crop&quality=90&width=345&height=135&upscale=true&rnd=133471234728900000 345w, /media/kofb3pfv/aame_banner_accessible-002.jpg?center=0.50544560839360375,0.50125313283208017&mode=crop&quality=90&width=490&height=195&upscale=true&rnd=133471234728900000 490w, /media/kofb3pfv/aame_banner_accessible-002.jpg?center=0.50544560839360375,0.50125313283208017&mode=crop&quality=90&width=660&height=260&upscale=true&rnd=133471234728900000 660w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABcAAAAJCAQAAABz/3/AAAAAFElEQVR42mP8/5+BBMA4qnxAlAMAZW8R+PJ4NSgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" sizes="(min-width: 718px) 490px, (min-width: 500px) 660px, (min-width: 400px) 445px, 345px" alt=""/> <a class="image-card__link block-link heading-anchor h4" href="/research/results/aerial-archaeology-mapping-explorer/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Aerial Archaeology Mapping Explorer </a> <p class="image-card__text"> Explore archaeology identified and mapped by aerial archaeology using our map </p> </li> <li class="image-card"> <img class="js-lazy-load" data-srcset="/media/6368/diver-in-water-by-dive-vessel.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=345&height=135&upscale=true&rnd=132367950823600000 345w, /media/6368/diver-in-water-by-dive-vessel.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=490&height=195&upscale=true&rnd=132367950823600000 490w, /media/6368/diver-in-water-by-dive-vessel.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=90&width=660&height=260&upscale=true&rnd=132367950823600000 660w" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABcAAAAJCAQAAABz/3/AAAAAFElEQVR42mP8/5+BBMA4qnxAlAMAZW8R+PJ4NSgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" sizes="(min-width: 718px) 490px, (min-width: 500px) 660px, (min-width: 400px) 445px, 345px" alt=""/> <a class="image-card__link block-link heading-anchor h4" href="/campaigns/visit/protected-wrecks/dive-trails/" data-component="c3ClickedHeading"> Dive Trails </a> <p class="image-card__text"> Dive into history at a Historic England protected wreck site. </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="he-grid-row"> <div class="text-col"> <div class="page-bottom-components"> <div class="page-bottom-components__inner-container page-top__inner-container--justify-end"> <div class=""> <div id=social-media-container-0f441e21-4c15-483d-afbf-7c3d317cc79e class="social-media-share-icons"> <div class="social-media-share-icons__title">Share this page</div> <div class="social-media-share-icons__share-button"> <button type="button" class="social-media-share-icons__share-button-link" title="Share this page" aria-controls="social-media-menu-0f441e21-4c15-483d-afbf-7c3d317cc79e" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="icon icon--social"></span> <span class="icon icon--social-close"></span> <span class="social-media-share-icons__text">Share</span> </button> </div> <div id="social-media-menu-0f441e21-4c15-483d-afbf-7c3d317cc79e" class="social-media-share-icons__icon-container"> <a href="#" class="socialButton container-for-icon btn-fb" data-social-share-target="facebook" data-component="FacebookShare" title="Share this page on Facebook" aria-label="Share this page on Facebook"> <span class="icon icon--facebook"></span> </a> <a href="#" class="socialButton container-for-icon btn-twitter" data-social-share-target="twitter" data-component="TwitterShare" title="Share this page on Twitter" aria-label="Share this page on Twitter"> <span class="icon icon--twitter"></span> </a> <a href="#" class="socialButton container-for-icon btn-linkedin" data-social-share-target="linkedin" data-component="LinkedInShare" title="Share this page on LinkedIn" aria-label="Share this page on LinkedIn"> <span class="icon icon--linkedin"></span> </a> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#8db2fef8efe7e8eef9b0dfe8fee8ecffeee5a8becca8bfbdc5e4fef9e2ffe4eea8bfbdc8e3eae1ece3e9a8bfbafea8bfbddfe8fee8ecffeee5a8bfbdcbe4e3e9e4e3eafea8bfbdebe2ffa8bfbdf9e5e8a8bfbdcff8e4e1f9a8bfcea8bfbdccffeee5ece8e2e1e2eae4eeece1a8bfbdece3e9a8bfbdc0ecffe4e3e8a8bfbdc5e4fef9e2ffe4eea8bfbdc8e3fbe4ffe2e3e0e8e3f9a8bfbda8bacea8bfbdc5e4fef9e2ffe4eea8bfbdc8e3eae1ece3e9abefe2e9f4b0e5f9f9fdfeb7a2a2e5e4fef9e2ffe4eee8e3eae1ece3e9a3e2ffeaa3f8e6a2ffe8fee8ecffeee5a2" class="container-for-icon btn-email" data-component="emailShare" title="Share this page by Email" aria-label="Share this page by Email"> <span class="icon icon--email"></span> </a> </div> </div> <button class="print-button" title="Print this page" data-component="printPageButton"> <span class="print-button__inner-container"> <span class="print-button__icon-wrapper"> <span class="icon icon--print top-0"></span> </span> <span class="print-button__title">Print</span> </span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="he-grid-row"> <div class="text-col"> <div class="contact"> <h2 class="contact__name">Research</h2> <div class="contact__lists-container he-grid-row"> <div class="contact__list-wrapper contact__list-wrapper--email contact__list-wrapper--full-width"> <ul class="contact__list"> <li class="contact__list-item"> <h3 class="contact__list-item-title"> Email </h3> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#f6849385939784959eb6be9f858299849f95b398919a979892d8998491d8839d"> <span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="13617660767261707b535b7a60677c617a70567d747f727d773d7c61743d6678">[email protected]</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="back-to-top-container "> <noscript> <div class="he-grid-row "> <div class="he-grid-col-lg-10 he-grid-col-xl-8 mx-auto"> <div class="back-to-top"> <a href="#header" class="back-to-top__link back-to-top-button"> <div class="back-to-top__container"> <div class="back-to-top__icon"></div> </div> <span class="back-to-top__text"> Back to top </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </noscript> </div> </div> <div id="unsupported-modal" class="unsupported-browser__frame he-grid-col-11 he-grid-col-lg-10 he-grid-col-xl-8 " role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="unsupported-browser-modal-title" > <h2 id="unsupported-browser-modal-title" class="unsupported-browser__header"> Please update your browser </h2> <div class="unsupported-browser__main"> <div class="unsupported-browser__main-text"> <p>Our website works best with the latest version of the browsers below, unfortunately <strong>your browser is not supported</strong>. Using an old browser means that some parts of our website might not work correctly.</p> </div> <div class="unsupported-browser__browsers-list"> <div class="unsupported-browser__browsers-list-inner"> <div class="unsupported-browser__browser-icon-container"> <div class="unsupported-browser__browser-icon-container--inner"> <img class="unsupported-browser__browser-icon" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="/frontend/dist/shared/images/browser-logos/chrome.svg" alt="Chrome logo" /> <div class="unsupported-browser__browser-name"> Chrome </div> <a class="unsupported-browser__update-link" href="https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95414?co=GENIE.Platform%3DDesktop&hl=en"> Update Chrome </a> </div> </div> <div class="unsupported-browser__browser-icon-container"> <div class="unsupported-browser__browser-icon-container--inner"> <img class="unsupported-browser__browser-icon" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="/frontend/dist/shared/images/browser-logos/safari.svg" alt="Safari logo" /> <div class="unsupported-browser__browser-name"> Safari </div> <a class="unsupported-browser__update-link" href="https://support.apple.com/en-us/102665"> Update Safari </a> </div> </div> <div class="unsupported-browser__browser-icon-container"> <div class="unsupported-browser__browser-icon-container--inner"> <img class="unsupported-browser__browser-icon" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="/frontend/dist/shared/images/browser-logos/firefox.svg" alt="Firefox logo" /> <div class="unsupported-browser__browser-name"> Firefox </div> <a class="unsupported-browser__update-link" href="https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/update-firefox-latest-release?redirectlocale=en-US&redirectslug=update-firefox-latest-version"> Update Firefox </a> </div> </div> <div class="unsupported-browser__browser-icon-container"> <div class="unsupported-browser__browser-icon-container--inner"> <img class="unsupported-browser__browser-icon" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="/frontend/dist/shared/images/browser-logos/edge.svg" alt="Microsoft Edge logo" /> <div class="unsupported-browser__browser-name"> Microsoft Edge </div> <a class="unsupported-browser__update-link" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/edge"> Update Microsoft Edge </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="unsupported-browser__footer"> <button data-component="unsupportedBrowserClose" id="unsupported-modal-close-button" class="unsupported-browser__close"> <span> Close this message </span> </button> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="js-footer" class="footer sticky-footer__container">  <div class="sticky-footer__inner-container container"> <div class="he-grid-row sticky-footer__main-row"> <div class="he-grid-col-12 he-grid-col-lg-3 sticky-footer__imageCol"> <a class="sticky-footer__image-link" href="/" aria-label="Home"> <img class="sticky-footer__image js-lazy-load" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="/frontend/dist/shared/images/HE-Logo_White.svg" title="Historic England" alt="Historic England logo with link to home page" /> </a> </div> <div class="sticky-footer__linkCol he-grid-col-12 he-grid-col-sm-6 he-grid-col-md-4 he-grid-col-lg-3"> <ul> <li> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="Listing" href="/listing/">Listing</a> </li> <li> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="Advice" href="/advice/">Advice</a> </li> <li> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="Research" href="/research/">Research</a> </li> <li> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="Images & Books" href="/images-books/">Images & Books</a> </li> <li> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="Services & Skills" href="/services-skills/">Services & Skills</a> </li> <li> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="What's New" href="/whats-new/">What's New</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="sticky-footer__linkCol he-grid-col-12 he-grid-col-sm-6 he-grid-col-md-4 he-grid-col-lg-3"> <ul> <li> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="About us" href="/about/">About us</a> </li> <li> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="Historic England Blog" href="https://heritagecalling.com">Historic England Blog</a> </li> <li> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="Sign up to our newsletter" href="https://webmail.historicenglandservices.org.uk/k/Historic-England/historic_england_preference_centre">Sign up to our newsletter</a> </li> <li> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="Careers" href="/about/jobs/">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="Contact us" href="/about/contact-us/">Contact us</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="sticky-footer__social-col he-grid-col-12 he-grid-col-md-4 he-grid-col-lg-3"> <span>Find us on:</span> <ul> <li> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="Follow us on Facebook" aria-label="Follow us on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/HistoricEngland/"> </a> </li> <li> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="Follow us on Instagram" aria-label="Follow us on Instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/historicengland/"> </a> </li> <li> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="Follow us on YouTube" aria-label="Follow us on YouTube" href="https://www.youtube.com/@HistoricEngland/"> </a> </li> <li> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="Follow us on Twitter" aria-label="Follow us on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/HistoricEngland"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer sticky-footer__container js-navigation-primary-resize sticky-footer__bottom-footer initial">  <div class="sticky-footer__inner-container container"> <div class="he-grid-row sticky-footer__base-row"> <div class="he-grid-col-12 he-grid-col-md-8 he-grid-col-lg-9"> <ul id="sticky-footer-items"> <li class="sticky-footer__item"> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="Accessibility" href="/access/website-accessibility-statement/"> Accessibility </a> </li> <li class="sticky-footer__item"> <a id="cookie-preferences-link" class="sticky-footer__link" href="#"> Manage cookies </a> </li> <li class="sticky-footer__item"> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="Privacy Policy" href="/terms/privacy/"> Privacy Policy </a> </li> <li class="sticky-footer__item"> <a class="sticky-footer__link" title="Terms & Conditions" href="/terms/"> Terms & Conditions </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="sticky-footer__copyright he-grid-col-12 he-grid-col-md-4 he-grid-col-lg-3"> <span>漏 Historic England 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="takeover takeover--modal-dialog"> <div class="tc"> <div class="contentContainer"> <button class="close icon icon--close" aria-label="close"> </button> </div> </div> </div> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script> var appInsights = window.appInsights || function (config) { function i(config) { t[config] = function () { var i = arguments; t.queue.push(function () { t[config].apply(t, i) }) } } var t = { config: config }, u = document, e = window, o = "script", s = "AuthenticatedUserContext", h = "start", c = "stop", l = "Track", a = l + "Event", v = l + "Page", y = u.createElement(o), r, f; y.src = config.url || "https://az416426.vo.msecnd.net/scripts/a/ai.0.js"; u.getElementsByTagName(o)[0].parentNode.appendChild(y); try { t.cookie = u.cookie } catch (p) { } for (t.queue = [], t.version = "1.0", r = ["Event", "Exception", "Metric", "PageView", "Trace", "Dependency"]; r.length;) i("track" + r.pop()); return i("set" + s), i("clear" + s), i(h + a), i(c + a), i(h + v), i(c + v), i("flush"), config.disableExceptionTracking || (r = "onerror", i("_" + r), f = e[r], e[r] = function (config, i, u, e, o) { var s = f && f(config, i, u, e, o); return s !== !0 && t["_" + r](config, i, u, e, o), s }), t }({ instrumentationKey: "942a06de-4189-4394-a323-a205391006b6" }); window.appInsights = appInsights; appInsights.trackPageView(); </script> <script src="https://rum-static.pingdom.net/pa-5c98b9261872b50016000a0a.js" async></script> <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8ec755192b7081ec',t:'MTczMzI2ODUwMC4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Research: Historic England's Research Findings for the Built, Archaeological and Marine Historic Environment | Historic England