CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6eb1a945-d1e2-4451-b208-76f5ab76b863","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Main_Page","wgTitle":"Main Page","wgCurRevisionId":1276485694,"wgRevisionId":1276485694,"wgArticleId":15580374,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Main_Page","wgRelevantArticleId":15580374,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["sysop"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgIsMainPage":true,"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ab","autonym":"аԥсшәа","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"af","autonym":"Afrikaans","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"an","autonym":"aragonés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"arc","autonym":"ܐܪܡܝܐ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"arz","autonym":"مصرى","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ast","autonym":"asturianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"atj","autonym":"Atikamekw","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"be","autonym":"беларуская","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"be-tarask","autonym":"беларуская (тарашкевіца)","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"br","autonym":"brezhoneg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bxr","autonym":"буряад","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cbk-zam","autonym":"Chavacano de Zamboanga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chy","autonym":"Tsetsêhestâhese","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"csb","autonym":"kaszëbsczi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cv","autonym":"чӑвашла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym":"Cymraeg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dty","autonym":"डोटेली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ext","autonym":"estremeñu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ga","autonym":"Gaeilge","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gd","autonym":"Gàidhlig","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"got","autonym":"𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gsw","autonym":"Alemannisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hi","autonym":"हिन्दी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hy","autonym":"հայերեն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ik","autonym":"Iñupiatun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"inh","autonym":"гӀалгӀай","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"is","autonym":"íslenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jbo","autonym":"la .lojban.","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kk","autonym":"қазақша","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym":"ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"knc","autonym":"Yerwa Kanuri","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ksh","autonym":"Ripoarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"la","autonym":"Latina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lbe","autonym":"лакку","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lfn","autonym":"Lingua Franca Nova","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lzh","autonym":"文言","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ml","autonym":"മലയാളം","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nov","autonym":"Novial","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nrm","autonym":"Nouormand","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nv","autonym":"Diné bizaad","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"oc","autonym":"occitan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"olo","autonym":"livvinkarjala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pa","autonym":"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pfl","autonym":"Pälzisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pi","autonym":"पालि","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pih","autonym":"Norfuk / Pitkern","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pnb","autonym":"پنجابی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pnt","autonym":"Ποντιακά","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rmy","autonym":"romani čhib","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"roa-tara","autonym":"tarandíne","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sco","autonym":"Scots","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"တႆး","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sq","autonym":"shqip","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sw","autonym":"Kiswahili","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"syl","autonym":"ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szy","autonym":"Sakizaya","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ta","autonym":"தமிழ்","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tig","autonym":"ትግሬ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ug","autonym":"ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ur","autonym":"اردو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"uz","autonym":"oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"war","autonym":"Winaray","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wuu","autonym":"吴语","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zea","autonym":"Zeêuws","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ab","ace","ady","af","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","arc","ary","arz","as","ast","atj","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","be-tarask","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","bxr","ca","cbk-zam","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","chy","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","csb","cu","cv","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dty","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","en","eo","es","et","eu","ext","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","ga","gag","gan","gcr","gd","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","got","gpe","gsw","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","id","ie","ig","igl","ik","ilo","inh","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jbo","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","knc","ko","koi","krc","ks","ksh","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","la","lad","lb","lbe","lez","lfn","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","lzh","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nov","nqo","nr","nrm","nso","nv","ny","oc","olo","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pfl","pi","pih","pl","pms","pnb","pnt","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rmy","rn","ro","roa-tara","rsk","ru","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","simple","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","syl","szl","szy","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tig","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ug","uk","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zea","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":null,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5296","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":false,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donateBanner":true,"donate":false,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.mainPage.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.minerva.mainPage.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.23"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/GazelleAH1_Ahlhorn_May1983.jpeg/1200px-GazelleAH1_Ahlhorn_May1983.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="796"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/GazelleAH1_Ahlhorn_May1983.jpeg/800px-GazelleAH1_Ahlhorn_May1983.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="531"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/GazelleAH1_Ahlhorn_May1983.jpeg/640px-GazelleAH1_Ahlhorn_May1983.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="424"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia picture of the day feed" href="/w/api.php?action=featuredfeed&feed=potd&feedformat=atom"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia featured articles feed" href="/w/api.php?action=featuredfeed&feed=featured&feedformat=atom"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia "On this day..." feed" href="/w/api.php?action=featuredfeed&feed=onthisday&feedformat=atom"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Main_Page rootpage-Main_Page stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"><div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"> <a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"> <input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="/wiki/Main_Page" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Home</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="/wiki/Special:Random" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Random</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Nearby</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor mw-list-item menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Main+Page" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Log in</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Main+Page" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Settings</span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="donate-banner"> <a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="donate-banner__link" data-event-name="menu.donateBanner"> <div class="donate-banner__text-container"> <span class="donate-banner__text">Donate Now</span> <span class="donate-banner__subtitle">If Wikipedia is useful to you, please give today.</span> </div> <picture> <source srcset="https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/donate/donate.png" media="(prefers-reduced-motion)" /> <img src="https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/donate/donate.gif" alt="" class="donate-banner__gif" loading="lazy"> </picture> </a> </div> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">About Wikipedia</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Disclaimers</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1267836611">.mw-parser-output .mp-box{border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0 0.5em 0.5em;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mp-h2,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .mp-h2{border:1px solid #aaa;margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em 0.4em;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;font-family:inherit}.mw-parser-output .mp-later{font-size:85%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output #mp-welcomecount{text-align:center;margin:0.4em}.mw-parser-output #mp-welcome{font-size:162%;padding:0.1em}.mw-parser-output #mp-welcome h1,.mw-parser-output #mp-welcome .mw-heading1{font-size:inherit;font-family:inherit;display:inline;border:none}.mw-parser-output #mp-free{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output #articlecount{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output #articlecount>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #articlecount>ul>li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output #articlecount>ul>li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #articlecount>ul>li:last-child::after{content:""}.mw-parser-output .mp-contains-float::after{content:"";display:block;clear:both}@media(max-width:875px){.mw-parser-output #mp-tfp table,.mw-parser-output #mp-tfp tr,.mw-parser-output #mp-tfp td,.mw-parser-output #mp-tfp tbody{display:block!important;width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output #mp-tfp tr:first-child td:first-child a.mw-file-description{text-align:center;display:table;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output #articlecount>ul>li::after{content:"";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output #articlecount>ul>li{display:block}}@media(min-width:875px){.mw-parser-output #mp-upper{display:flex}.mw-parser-output #mp-left{flex:1 1 55%;margin-right:2px}.mw-parser-output #mp-right{flex:1 1 45%;margin-left:2px}}@media screen{.mw-parser-output #mp-topbanner{background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#ddd}.mw-parser-output #mp-banner{background-color:#fffaf5;border-color:#f2e0ce}.mw-parser-output #mp-left{background-color:#f5fffa;border-color:#cef2e0}.mw-parser-output #mp-left .mp-h2{background-color:#cef2e0;border-color:#a3bfb1}.mw-parser-output #mp-right{background-color:#f5faff;border-color:#cedff2}.mw-parser-output #mp-right .mp-h2{background-color:#cedff2;border-color:#a3b0bf}.mw-parser-output #mp-middle{background-color:#fff5fa;border-color:#f2cedd}.mw-parser-output #mp-middle .mp-h2{background-color:#f2cedd;border-color:#bfa3af}.mw-parser-output #mp-lower{background-color:#faf5ff;border-color:#ddcef2}.mw-parser-output #mp-lower .mp-h2{background-color:#ddcef2;border-color:#afa3bf}.mw-parser-output #mp-bottom{border-color:#e2e2e2}.mw-parser-output #mp-bottom .mp-h2{background-color:#eee;border-color:#ddd}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output #mp-topbanner{background-color:#171a1d;border-color:#676767}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output #mp-banner{background-color:#431107;border-color:#663428}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output #mp-left{background-color:#0b1e1c;border-color:#104437}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output #mp-left .mp-h2{background-color:#104437;border-color:#2f4d41}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output #mp-right{background-color:#0d1a27;border-color:#082849}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output #mp-right .mp-h2{background-color:#082849;border-color:#a3b0bf}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output #mp-middle{background-color:#270e1a;border-color:#882c43}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output #mp-middle .mp-h2{background-color:#882c43;border-color:#926c80}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output #mp-lower{background-color:#130e20;border-color:#7545ab}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output #mp-lower .mp-h2{background-color:#7545ab;border-color:#afa3bf}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output #mp-bottom{border-color:#676767}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output #mp-bottom .mp-h2{background-color:#3d3d3d;border-color:#676767}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output #mp-topbanner{background-color:#171a1d;border-color:#676767}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output #mp-banner{background-color:#431107;border-color:#663428}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output #mp-left{background-color:#0b1e1c;border-color:#104437}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output #mp-left .mp-h2{background-color:#104437;border-color:#2f4d41}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output #mp-right{background-color:#0d1a27;border-color:#082849}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output #mp-right .mp-h2{background-color:#082849;border-color:#a3b0bf}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output #mp-middle{background-color:#270e1a;border-color:#882c43}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output #mp-middle .mp-h2{background-color:#882c43;border-color:#926c80}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output #mp-lower{background-color:#130e20;border-color:#7545ab}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output #mp-lower .mp-h2{background-color:#7545ab;border-color:#afa3bf}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output #mp-bottom{border-color:#676767}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output #mp-bottom .mp-h2{background-color:#3d3d3d;border-color:#676767}}</style> <div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-box"> <div id="mp-welcomecount"> <div id="mp-welcome"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="Welcome_to_Wikipedia">Welcome to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></h1></div>,</div> <div id="mp-free">the <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">free</a> <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia">encyclopedia</a> that <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_Wikipedia" title="Help:Introduction to Wikipedia">anyone can edit</a>.</div> <div id="articlecount"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Statistics" title="Special:Statistics">123,399</a> active editors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Statistics" title="Special:Statistics">6,976,490</a> articles in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> <div id="mp-upper"> <div id="mp-left" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" class="mp-h2">From today's featured article</h2> <div id="mp-tfa" class="mp-contains-float"><div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 172px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GazelleAH1_Ahlhorn_May1983.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="British Army Gazelle helicopter"><img alt="British Army Gazelle helicopter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/GazelleAH1_Ahlhorn_May1983.jpeg/172px-GazelleAH1_Ahlhorn_May1983.jpeg" decoding="async" width="172" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/GazelleAH1_Ahlhorn_May1983.jpeg/258px-GazelleAH1_Ahlhorn_May1983.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/GazelleAH1_Ahlhorn_May1983.jpeg/344px-GazelleAH1_Ahlhorn_May1983.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2850" data-file-height="1890"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">British Army Gazelle helicopter</div></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/1982_British_Army_Gazelle_friendly_fire_incident" title="1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident">A British Army helicopter was destroyed in a friendly fire incident</a></b> during the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a>, killing its four occupants. In the early hours of 6 June 1982, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> destroyer <a href="/wiki/HMS_Cardiff_(D108)" title="HMS Cardiff (D108)">HMS <i>Cardiff</i></a> was looking for aircraft supplying the Argentine forces on the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a>. A <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Gazelle" title="Aérospatiale Gazelle">Gazelle helicopter</a> <i>(example pictured)</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)">Army Air Corps</a> was making a delivery to British troops on <a href="/wiki/East_Falkland" title="East Falkland">East Falkland</a>. <i>Cardiff</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> crew assumed that it was hostile and fired two missiles, destroying it. Although <i>Cardiff</i> was suspected, scientific tests on the wreckage were inconclusive. No formal inquiry was held until four years later. Defending their claim that the helicopter had been lost in action, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> stated that they did not want to upset relatives until they had ascertained how it had been shot down. A board of inquiry identified factors including a lack of communication between the army and the navy, and the army's decision to turn off helicopters' <a href="/wiki/Identification_friend_or_foe" title="Identification friend or foe">identification friend or foe</a> transmitters. (<b><a href="/wiki/1982_British_Army_Gazelle_friendly_fire_incident" title="1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Butte_Creek" title="Big Butte Creek">Big Butte Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_Vanquish_(2012)" title="Aston Martin Vanquish (2012)">Aston Martin Vanquish (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bart_Simpson" title="Bart Simpson">Bart Simpson</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/April_2025" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 2025">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" class="mp-h2">Did you know ...</h2> <div id="mp-dyk" class="mp-contains-float"> <div class="dyk-img" style="float: right; margin-left: 0.5em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 161px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tayside_Beaver_mother_and_kit_June_5,_2010_Ray_Scott.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eurasian beaver with her kit"><img alt="Eurasian beaver with her kit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tayside_Beaver_mother_and_kit_June_5%2C_2010_Ray_Scott.jpg/161px-Tayside_Beaver_mother_and_kit_June_5%2C_2010_Ray_Scott.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tayside_Beaver_mother_and_kit_June_5%2C_2010_Ray_Scott.jpg/242px-Tayside_Beaver_mother_and_kit_June_5%2C_2010_Ray_Scott.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tayside_Beaver_mother_and_kit_June_5%2C_2010_Ray_Scott.jpg/322px-Tayside_Beaver_mother_and_kit_June_5%2C_2010_Ray_Scott.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="512"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Eurasian beaver with her kit</div></div> </div> <ul><li>... that beavers <i>(examples pictured)</i> in the Czech Republic <b><a href="/wiki/Beaver-engineered_dam_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Beaver-engineered dam in the Czech Republic">built dams that saved the government US$1.2 million</a></b>?</li> <li>... that <i><b><a href="/wiki/Terraria" title="Terraria">Terraria</a></b></i> was released earlier than planned because a beta version of the game was leaked to the public?</li> <li>... that although <b><a href="/wiki/Nora_Helmer" title="Nora Helmer">Nora Helmer</a></b> was subject to extensive controversy upon her 1879 debut, she is now considered a focal point in analysis of gender roles?</li> <li>... that US general <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Franks" title="Tommy Franks">Tommy Franks</a> reportedly <b><a href="/wiki/Article_5_contingency_(2001)" title="Article 5 contingency (2001)">did not have time to become an expert</a></b> on the Danish Air Force?</li> <li>... that <i><b><a href="/wiki/Tribuna_da_Imprensa" title="Tribuna da Imprensa">Tribuna da Imprensa</a></b></i> was shut down in 2001 after losing a lawsuit over an article that referred to a judge as "PC Salomão"?</li> <li>... that <a href="/wiki/Java_War" title="Java War">Javanese rebel</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Diponegoro" title="Diponegoro">Diponegoro</a> partly blamed his sexual infidelity for his defeat at the <b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gawok" title="Battle of Gawok">Battle of Gawok</a></b>?</li> <li>... that basketball player <b><a href="/wiki/Barry_Leibowitz" title="Barry Leibowitz">Barry Leibowitz</a></b>, despite being drafted by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Knicks" title="New York Knicks">New York Knicks</a> and playing in the <a href="/wiki/American_Basketball_Association" title="American Basketball Association">ABA</a>, chose to play in Israel instead because of its sea, <a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">hummus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">tahini</a>?</li> <li>... that the filmmakers of <i><b><a href="/wiki/100_Litres_of_Gold" title="100 Litres of Gold">100 Litres of Gold</a></b></i> brewed 20 litres of <a href="/wiki/Sahti" title="Sahti">sahti</a> at the Finnish embassy in Rome for its premiere?</li> <li>... that after <b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Transitional_Council_takeover_of_Socotra" title="Southern Transitional Council takeover of Socotra">being ousted by the Southern Transitional Council</a></b>, the governor of the <a href="/wiki/Socotra_Governorate" title="Socotra Governorate">Socotra Archipelago</a> fled to Oman and continued to govern through <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a>?</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist dyk-footer noprint" style="margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Recent_additions" title="Wikipedia:Recent additions">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Your_first_article" title="Help:Your first article">Start a new article</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Did_you_know" title="Template talk:Did you know">Nominate an article</a></b></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mp-right" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" class="mp-h2">In the news</h2> <div id="mp-itn" class="mp-contains-float"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1053378754">.mw-parser-output .itn-img{float:right;margin-left:0.5em;margin-top:0.2em}</style><div role="figure" class="itn-img"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 121px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Korea_President_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_portrait_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yoon Suk Yeol"><img alt="Yoon Suk Yeol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/South_Korea_President_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_portrait_%28crop%29.jpg/121px-South_Korea_President_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_portrait_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/South_Korea_President_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_portrait_%28crop%29.jpg/182px-South_Korea_President_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_portrait_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/South_Korea_President_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_portrait_%28crop%29.jpg/242px-South_Korea_President_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_portrait_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2364" data-file-height="3151"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;">Yoon Suk Yeol</div></div> </div> <ul><li>South Korea's <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Korea" title="Constitutional Court of Korea">Constitutional Court</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Impeachment of Yoon Suk Yeol">removes</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon Suk Yeol</a> <i>(pictured)</i> as the <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">president of South Korea</a>, following <a href="/wiki/2024_South_Korean_martial_law_crisis" title="2024 South Korean martial law crisis">his declaration of martial law</a>.</li> <li>US president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> announces <b><a href="/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration" title="Tariffs in the second Trump administration">trade tariffs</a></b> on most countries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a>, the runner-up in <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">the 2017</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 French presidential elections</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/National_Front_assistants_affair" title="National Front assistants affair">is convicted</a></b> of embezzlement and banned from standing in elections for five years.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2025_Myanmar_earthquake" title="2025 Myanmar earthquake">A magnitude-7.7 earthquake</a></b> leaves more than 4,300 people dead in Myanmar and Thailand.</li></ul> <div class="itn-footer" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"> <div><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Ongoing</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M23_campaign_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 campaign (2022–present)">M23 campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_January_2025_%E2%80%93_present)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 January 2025 – present)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudanese civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2025)" title="Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2025)">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div> <div><b><a href="/wiki/Deaths_in_2025" title="Deaths in 2025">Recent deaths</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khamtai_Siphandone" title="Khamtai Siphandone">Khamtai Siphandone</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans-Josef_Klauck" title="Hans-Josef Klauck">Hans-Josef Klauck</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Webb_(code_breaker)" title="Betty Webb (code breaker)">Betty Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wes_Watkins" title="Wes Watkins">Wes Watkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Scooter" title="Young Scooter">Young Scooter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helo%C3%ADsa_Teixeira" title="Heloísa Teixeira">Heloísa Teixeira</a></li></ul></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist itn-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:In_the_news/Candidates" title="Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates">Nominate an article</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" class="mp-h2">On this day</h2> <div id="mp-otd" class="mp-contains-float"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Cold_Food_Festival" title="Cold Food Festival">Hansik</a></b> in Korea (2024); <b><a href="/wiki/Qingming_Festival" title="Qingming Festival">Qingming Festival</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_observances_set_by_the_Chinese_calendar" title="List of observances set by the Chinese calendar">traditional Chinese</a>, 2025) </p> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;" id="mp-otd-img"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 114px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexios_I_Komnenos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alexios I Komnenos"><img alt="Alexios I Komnenos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Alexios_I_Komnenos.jpg/120px-Alexios_I_Komnenos.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Alexios_I_Komnenos.jpg/250px-Alexios_I_Komnenos.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="450"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Alexios I Komnenos</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/503_BC" title="503 BC">503 BC</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roman_consul" title="Roman consul">Roman consul</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Agrippa_Menenius_Lanatus_(consul_503_BC)" title="Agrippa Menenius Lanatus (consul 503 BC)">Agrippa Menenius Lanatus</a></b> celebrated a <a href="/wiki/Roman_triumph" title="Roman triumph">triumph</a> for a military victory over the <a href="/wiki/Sabines" title="Sabines">Sabines</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1081" title="1081">1081</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Komnenos" title="Komnenos">Komnenos</a> dynasty <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Komnenos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty">came to full power</a> with the coronation of <b><a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a></b> <i>(pictured)</i> as <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> emperor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bryant%27s_Minstrels" title="Bryant's Minstrels">Bryant's Minstrels</a> premiered the <a href="/wiki/Minstrel_show" title="Minstrel show">minstrel song</a> "<b><a href="/wiki/Dixie_(song)" title="Dixie (song)">Dixie</a></b>" in New York City as part of their <a href="/wiki/Blackface" title="Blackface">blackface</a> show.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a> – Twelve nations signed the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty</a>, establishing <b><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></b>, an international <a href="/wiki/Military_alliance" title="Military alliance">military alliance</a> whereby its member states agree to <a href="/wiki/Collective_security" title="Collective security">mutual defense</a> in response to an attack by any external party.</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/A._Thomas_Bradbury" title="A. Thomas Bradbury">A. Thomas Bradbury</a></b> (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1902)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Martin_Rundkvist" title="Martin Rundkvist">Martin Rundkvist</a></b> (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1972)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Xu_Lai_(actress)" title="Xu Lai (actress)">Xu Lai</a></b> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1973)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Inez_Robb" title="Inez Robb">Inez Robb</a></b> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1979)</li></ul></div> <div style="margin-top:0.5em;"> More anniversaries: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist otd-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/April" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/April">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_days_of_the_year" title="List of days of the year">List of days of the year</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries">About</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mp-middle" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-tfl-h2" class="mp-h2">From today's featured list</h2> <div id="mp-tfl" class="mp-contains-float"><div id="mp-tfl-img" style="float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.4em 0.9em;"><div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 186px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lady_Margaret_Hall_(6148510434).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University"><img alt="Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Lady_Margaret_Hall_%286148510434%29.jpg/250px-Lady_Margaret_Hall_%286148510434%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Lady_Margaret_Hall_%286148510434%29.jpg/330px-Lady_Margaret_Hall_%286148510434%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Lady_Margaret_Hall_%286148510434%29.jpg/500px-Lady_Margaret_Hall_%286148510434%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2056"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University</div></div> </div> <p>In 1920, the <b><a href="/wiki/First_women_admitted_to_degrees_at_the_University_of_Oxford" title="First women admitted to degrees at the University of Oxford">University of Oxford admitted women to degrees for the first time</a></b> during the <a href="/wiki/Michaelmas_term" title="Michaelmas term">Michaelmas term</a>. The conferrals took place at the <a href="/wiki/Sheldonian_Theatre" title="Sheldonian Theatre">Sheldonian Theatre</a> on 14 October, 26 October, 29 October, 30 October and 13 November. That same year, on 7 October, women also became eligible for admission as full members of the university. Before 1920, it is estimated that around 4,000 women studied at Oxford since the opening of the university's first women's colleges in 1879. One graduate was <a href="/wiki/Annie_Rogers" title="Annie Rogers">Annie Rogers</a>, who took undergraduate exams in 1875 and 1877 and was finally given a degree in 1920, when she was 64 years old. The last survivor of the first conferral ceremony was <a href="/wiki/Constance_Savery" title="Constance Savery">Constance Savery</a>, who died at the age of 101 in 1999. (<b><a href="/wiki/First_women_admitted_to_degrees_at_the_University_of_Oxford" title="First women admitted to degrees at the University of Oxford">Full list...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfl-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019_Pacific_typhoon_season" title="Timeline of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season">Timeline of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Torchwood_episodes" title="List of Torchwood episodes"><i>Torchwood</i> episodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_generation_II_Pok%C3%A9mon" title="List of generation II Pokémon">Generation II Pokémon</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfl-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_list/April_2025" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured list/April 2025">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_lists" title="Wikipedia:Featured lists">More featured lists</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <div id="mp-lower" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-tfp-h2" class="mp-h2">Today's featured picture</h2> <div id="mp-tfp"> <table role="presentation" style="margin:0 3px 3px; width:100%; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 0.9em 0 0; width:300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Panda_(24986761703).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red panda"><img alt="Red panda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg/330px-Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg/500px-Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg/960px-Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3900" data-file-height="2583"></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:0 6px 0 0"> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">red panda</a></b> is a <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a> native to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayas" title="Eastern Himalayas">eastern Himalayas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_China" title="Southwestern China">southwestern China</a>. It has dense reddish-brown fur with a black belly and legs, and a ringed tail. It has a head-to-body length of 51–63.5 cm (20–25 in) and a 28–48.5 cm (11–19 in) tail, and it weighs between 3.2 and 15 kg (7 and 33 lb). It is genetically close to <a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">raccoons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">weasels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mephitidae" title="Mephitidae">skunks</a>. Solitary, largely <a href="/wiki/Arboreal_locomotion" title="Arboreal locomotion">arboreal</a> and well adapted to climbing, it inhabits <a href="/wiki/Conifer" title="Conifer">coniferous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" title="Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests">temperate broadleaf and mixed forests</a>, favouring steep slopes with dense <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> cover close to water sources. It uses elongated wrist bones ("false thumbs") to grasp bamboo. It feeds mainly on <a href="/wiki/Bamboo_shoot" title="Bamboo shoot">bamboo shoots</a> and leaves. Red pandas mate in early spring, giving birth to litters of up to four cubs in summer. On the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a> as <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered</a> since 2015, the species is threatened by <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>-based habitat <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">destruction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation" title="Habitat fragmentation">fragmentation</a>. </p> <p style="text-align:left;"><small>Photograph credit: Mathias Appel</small></p> <div class="potd-recent" style="text-align:right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2025-04-03" title="Template:POTD/2025-04-03"><i>Ford Strikers Riot</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2025-04-02" title="Template:POTD/2025-04-02">2022–2023 California floods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2025-04-01" title="Template:POTD/2025-04-01">Ghillie suit</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist potd-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_of_the_day/Archive" title="Wikipedia:Picture of the day/Archive">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Featured pictures">More featured pictures</a></b></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <div id="mp-bottom" class="mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-other" class="mp-h2">Other areas of Wikipedia</h2> <div id="mp-other-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="Wikipedia:Community portal">Community portal</a></b> – The central hub for editors, with resources, links, tasks, and announcements.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump" title="Wikipedia:Village pump">Village pump</a></b> – Forum for discussions about Wikipedia itself, including policies and technical issues.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:News" title="Wikipedia:News">Site news</a></b> – Sources of news about Wikipedia and the broader Wikimedia movement.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></b> – Ask basic questions about using or editing Wikipedia.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></b> – Ask questions about using or editing Wikipedia.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desk</a></b> – Ask research questions about encyclopedic topics.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Content portals</a></b> – A unique way to navigate the encyclopedia.</li></ul> </div> <h2 id="mp-sister" class="mp-h2">Wikipedia's sister projects</h2> <div id="mp-sister-content"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>Wikipedia is written by volunteer editors and hosted by the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>, a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other volunteer <a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/our-work/wikimedia-projects/" class="extiw" title="foundationsite:our-work/wikimedia-projects/">projects</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/120px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="c:">Commons</a></span><br>Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" title="MediaWiki"><img alt="MediaWiki logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/35px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/53px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/70px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mw:">MediaWiki</a></span><br>Wiki software development</div> </li> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Meta-Wiki"><img alt="Meta-Wiki logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/40px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/60px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/120px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a></span><br>Wikimedia project coordination</div> </li> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="Wikibooks"><img alt="Wikibooks logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="b:">Wikibooks</a></span><br>Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wikidata logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="d:">Wikidata</a></span><br>Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/" title="Wikinews"><img alt="Wikinews logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/120px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="n:">Wikinews</a></span><br>Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Wikiquote"><img alt="Wikiquote logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/60px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/120px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a></span><br>Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Wikisource"><img alt="Wikisource logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">Wikisource</a></span><br>Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/40px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/60px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/120px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="species:">Wikispecies</a></span><br>Directory of species</div> </li> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="Wikiversity"><img alt="Wikiversity logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:">Wikiversity</a></span><br>Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" title="Wikivoyage"><img alt="Wikivoyage logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/120px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="voy:">Wikivoyage</a></span><br>Free travel guide</div> </li> <li> <div><span class="sister-projects-wikt-icon-light"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Wiktionary"><img alt="Wiktionary logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></a></span></span><span class="sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Wiktionary"><img alt="Wiktionary logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350"></a></span></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wiktionary</a></span><br>Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div></div> <h2 id="mp-lang" class="mp-h2">Wikipedia languages</h2> <div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r997272951">.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-complete{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages ul a{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages>ul{list-style:none;text-align:center;clear:both}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-count-container{width:90%;display:flex;justify-content:center;padding-top:1em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-prettybars{width:100%;height:1px;margin:0.5em 0;background-color:#c8ccd1;flex-shrink:1;align-self:center}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-count{padding:0 1em;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="wikipedia-languages nourlexpansion"> <p>This Wikipedia is written in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. Many <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" class="extiw" title="meta:List of Wikipedias">other Wikipedias are available</a>; some of the largest are listed below. </p> <ul class="plainlinks"> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">1,000,000+ articles</div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Arabic (ar:)" lang="ar">العربية</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="German (de:)" lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Spanish (es:)" lang="es">Español</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Persian (fa:)" lang="fa">فارسی</span></a>‎</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="French (fr:)" lang="fr">Français</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Italian (it:)" lang="it">Italiano</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Dutch (nl:)" lang="nl">Nederlands</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Japanese (ja:)" lang="ja">日本語</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Polish (pl:)" lang="pl">Polski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Portuguese (pt:)" lang="pt">Português</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Russian (ru:)" lang="ru">Русский</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Swedish (sv:)" lang="sv">Svenska</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Ukrainian (uk:)" lang="uk">Українська</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Vietnamese (vi:)" lang="vi">Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Chinese (zh:)" lang="zh">中文</span></a></li></ul> </div> </li> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">250,000+ articles</div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Indonesian (id:)" lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malay (ms:)" lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Minnan (nan:)" lang="nan">Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bulgarian (bg:)" lang="bg">Български</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Catalan (ca:)" lang="ca">Català</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Czech (cs:)" lang="cs">Čeština</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Danish (da:)" lang="da">Dansk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Esperanto (eo:)" lang="eo">Esperanto</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Basque (eu:)" lang="eu">Euskara</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hebrew (he:)" lang="he">עברית</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Armenian (hy:)" lang="hy">Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Korean (ko:)" lang="ko">한국어</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hungarian (hu:)" lang="hu">Magyar</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian (no:)" lang="no">Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Romanian (ro:)" lang="ro">Română</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Simple English (simple:)" lang="en">Simple English</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovak (sk:)" lang="sk">Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbian (sr:)" lang="sr">Srpski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbo-Croatian (sh:)" lang="sh">Srpskohrvatski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Finnish (fi:)" lang="fi">Suomi</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Turkish (tr:)" lang="tr">Türkçe</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Uzbek (uz:)" lang="uz">Oʻzbekcha</span></a></li></ul> </div> </li> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">50,000+ articles</div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Asturian (ast:)" lang="ast">Asturianu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Azerbaijani (az:)" lang="az">Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bangla (bn:)" lang="bn">বাংলা</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bosnian (bs:)" lang="bs">Bosanski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Central Kurdish (ckb:)" lang="ckb">کوردی</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Estonian (et:)" lang="et">Eesti</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Greek (el:)" lang="el">Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Western Frisian (fy:)" lang="fy">Frysk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Irish (ga:)" lang="ga">Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Galician (gl:)" lang="gl">Galego</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Croatian (hr:)" lang="hr">Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Georgian (ka:)" lang="ka">ქართული</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Kurdish (ku:)" lang="ku">Kurdî</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Latvian (lv:)" lang="lv">Latviešu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Lithuanian (lt:)" lang="lt">Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malayalam (ml:)" lang="ml">മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Macedonian (mk:)" lang="mk">Македонски</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Burmese (my:)" lang="my">မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian Nynorsk (nn:)" lang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Punjabi (pa:)" lang="pa">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Albanian (sq:)" lang="sq">Shqip</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovenian (sl:)" lang="sl">Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Thai (th:)" lang="th">ไทย</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Telugu (te:)" lang="te">తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Urdu (ur:)" lang="ur">اردو</span></a></li></ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div></div> </div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=1276485694">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=1276485694</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled language-selector button"> <span>Language</span> </a> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="" data-user-gender="" data-timestamp=""> <span>View edit history of this page.</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> <ul id="footer-icons" class="footer-icons"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 February 2025, at 03:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-58f486c48d-tvdbb","wgBackendResponseTime":169,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.300","walltime":"0.382","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5769,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":143082,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13648,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":46813,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 262.956 1 -total"," 37.20% 97.820 1 Wikipedia:Main_Page/Tomorrow"," 23.02% 60.536 1 Wikipedia:Today\u0026#039;s_featured_article/April_4,_2025"," 19.72% 51.863 9 Template:Main_page_image"," 14.01% 36.848 2 Template:Wikipedia_languages"," 13.85% 36.429 9 Template:Str_number/trim"," 12.17% 32.007 2 Template:TFArecentlist"," 11.64% 30.598 1 Template:Did_you_know/Queue/1"," 10.85% 28.540 28 Template:Flatlist"," 10.46% 27.501 2 Template:Main_page_image/TFA"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.054","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2201026,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-58f486c48d-2vx25","timestamp":"20250404072020","ttl":3600,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Main Page","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5296","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5296","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-01-26T15:28:12Z","dateModified":"2025-02-19T03:32:27Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a4\/GazelleAH1_Ahlhorn_May1983.jpeg","headline":"Wikimedia project page"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-mw-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>