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Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sub-group of Malays native to Northern Malaysia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Kedahan Malays</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div>Oghang Utagha / Melayu Kedah<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ملايو ﻗﺪﺡ</span>‎</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jungle_trails_and_jungle_people_-_travel,_adventure_and_abservation_in_the_Far_East_(1905)_(14593306170).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Jungle_trails_and_jungle_people_-_travel%2C_adventure_and_abservation_in_the_Far_East_%281905%29_%2814593306170%29.jpg/300px-Jungle_trails_and_jungle_people_-_travel%2C_adventure_and_abservation_in_the_Far_East_%281905%29_%2814593306170%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Jungle_trails_and_jungle_people_-_travel%2C_adventure_and_abservation_in_the_Far_East_%281905%29_%2814593306170%29.jpg/450px-Jungle_trails_and_jungle_people_-_travel%2C_adventure_and_abservation_in_the_Far_East_%281905%29_%2814593306170%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Jungle_trails_and_jungle_people_-_travel%2C_adventure_and_abservation_in_the_Far_East_%281905%29_%2814593306170%29.jpg/600px-Jungle_trails_and_jungle_people_-_travel%2C_adventure_and_abservation_in_the_Far_East_%281905%29_%2814593306170%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2704" data-file-height="1660" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A group of Malay band and dancers with painted faces in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Muda_District" title="Kuala Muda District">Kuala Muda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a>, 1905.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">3.1 million</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a> and Northern <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a>)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> (western part of <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Southern Thailand</a>)<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Langkat" class="mw-redirect" title="Langkat">Langkat</a> regency in <a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a>)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> (Southern Myanmar)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Malay" title="Kedah Malay">Kedah Malay</a> (native), <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Other <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malaysian Malays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_Malays" title="Thai Malays">Satun Malays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burmese_Malays" title="Burmese Malays">Burmese Malays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kensiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensiu">Kensiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jahai_people" title="Jahai people">Jahai</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kedahan Malays</b> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malay</a>: <i>Melayu Kedah</i>, <a href="/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Jawi</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ملايو ﻗﺪﺡ</span>‎) or commonly known as <b>Orang Utara</b> ('Northerners'), are a sub-group of <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malays</a> native to northern Malay Peninsula in areas of both current and historical area of Kedah (which is now divided into the modern states of Malaysia, Thailand and Myanmar). They are among the oldest ethnic groups in the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay peninsula</a> with a history dating back 2,800 years as proven by the discovery of sites in Bujang Valley and historical documents from India, China and Arabia. Kedahan Malays are one of the largest Malay sub-groups in Malaysia, comprising at least 15% of the total <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malaysian Malay</a> population including those with Kedahan ancestry. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CO_1069-502-115_(7893044798).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/CO_1069-502-115_%287893044798%29.jpg/220px-CO_1069-502-115_%287893044798%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/CO_1069-502-115_%287893044798%29.jpg/330px-CO_1069-502-115_%287893044798%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/CO_1069-502-115_%287893044798%29.jpg/440px-CO_1069-502-115_%287893044798%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>A Kedahan Malay man and his son standing in front of a decorated vehicle in <a href="/wiki/Alor_Setar" title="Alor Setar">Alor Setar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a>, 1937.</figcaption></figure> <p>The early history of Kedah can be traced from various sources, from the prehistoric period, archaeological site of Bujang Valley, early maritime trade of India, Persia, and the Arabs to the written works of early Chinese pilgrims and early Chinese records. The Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (known as Kedah Annals) and Al-Tarikh Salasilah Negeri Kedah are the most important documents about Kedah history. </p><p>By around 788 BCE, a large settlement had been established on the northern banks of the Merbok River which is located near the city of <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Petani" title="Sungai Petani">Sungai Petani</a> today. The settlement was one of several in the Bujang Valley which makes it the largest archaeological site in the country. The Merbok settlement was built near the estuary of the tributary river, Sungai Batu.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 170 CE, Hinduism was introduced to Kedah by traders or migrants from the Indian subcontinent, joining them soon were peoples from nearby islands (mainly Austronesians) and northern regions of the <a href="/wiki/Kra_Isthmus" title="Kra Isthmus">Kra Isthmus</a> (mainly Mon-Khmers) that migrated to Kedah and assimilated with the local population. At the same time traders from China, Persia and Arabia, arrived at the brink of the Malacca Strait to Kedah, using Gunung Jerai as a marking point. Ancient Kedah civilization covered the areas of today's Kuala Kedah, Kuala Bara, Kuala Pila and Merpah. </p><p>In the 7th century, Kedah became part of <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a>, a thalassocracy which covers the whole of the Malay Peninsula and some parts of Sumatra and Java. Kedah remained an important trading, culture, political and religious centre throughout the Malay archipelago. However in the 11th century, King Rajendra Chola I of the <a href="/wiki/Chola_Empire" title="Chola Empire">Chola Empire</a> sent an expedition to attack Kedah (Sri Vijaya) on behalf of one of its rulers who sought his assistance to gain the throne. This left Kedah in ruins after the war and became a vassal state for the Cholas<sup id="cite_ref-Munoz_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munoz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rajendra's overseas expedition against <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a> was a unique event in India's history and its otherwise peaceful relations with the states of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. Several places in present-day <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a> were invaded by <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajendra Chola I">Rajendra I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though Old Kedah was founded as a Hindu kingdom, the arrival of Arab Muslim traders in the 7th century introduced Islam to the kingdom. King <a href="/wiki/Phra_Ong_Mahawangsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Phra Ong Mahawangsa">Phra Ong Mahawangsa</a> became the last Hindu king of Kedah before converting to Islam in 1136, which marks Kedah as the earliest Muslim kingdom in the Malay Peninsula and one of the earliest in Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kedah's prestige and influence declined significantly in the 14-15th century after the rise of its southern neighbour, <a href="/wiki/Malaccan_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaccan Sultanate">Malacca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Ayutthaya Kingdom</a> in the north. Kedah came under the influence of Ayutthaya until the 1456 Malaccan-Siamese war<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which led to Kedah becoming a vassal state for Malacca.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The influence of Malacca led to the <a href="/wiki/Malayisation" title="Malayisation">Malayisation</a> of Kedahan people in the mid 15th century. In the early 17th century, the <a href="/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate" title="Aceh Sultanate">Aceh Sultanate</a> became the new regional power in the region and invaded Kedah in 1629. Many Kedahans were forced to relocate elsewhere or were taken to Aceh as exiles.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The arrival of the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British</a> in the late 18th century forced Kedah to lease Penang as a protection from Siamese aggression. However, the treaty did not come to fruition as the British did not protect Kedah from Siamese invasion, which leads to Kedah attempting to take back Penang in 1790. The British managed to conduct a preemptive strike by attacking Kedah's fort and naval post and forced the Sultan of Kedah to sign a ceasefire agreement in 1791. Penang remained a British colony as part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Straits_Settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="British Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> alongside Singapore and Malacca until 1948, where it became a sovereign state within Malaya and later Malaysia. </p><p>Constant aggression from the Siamese against the strategically important Kedah led to the 1821 <a href="/wiki/Siamese_invasion_of_Kedah" title="Siamese invasion of Kedah">Siamese invasion of Kedah</a>. The invasion devastated Kedah's political and economic stability including the exile of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Tajuddin_Halim_Shah_II_of_Kedah" title="Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II of Kedah">Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II</a>, partition of Kedah into smaller kingdoms (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Setul" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Setul">Setul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kubang_Pasu_Darul_Qiyam" title="Kingdom of Kubang Pasu Darul Qiyam">Kubang Pasu</a>) and direct Siamese rule over Kedah for over 20 years until its independence was restored in 1842. Kubang Pasu were reunited with Kedah in 1859 but Perlis and Setul remained independent until 1909, when the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Siamese_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Siamese Treaty">Anglo-Siamese Treaty</a> caused the division of British-influence Perlis and Kedah and Siamese-controlled Setul (which would later become the province of <a href="/wiki/Satun" title="Satun">Satun</a>). Kedah, along with 11 other states joined the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> in 1948 and later as a state within Malaysia in 1963. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demonym">Demonym</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demonym"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nowadays, the term Kedahan Malay only refers to the Malays living in Kedah. Despite being ethnically similar to Kedah Malays, the Malays of Perlis and Penang prefer to identify themselves as <i>Orang Utara</i> or "People of the Northern Region" instead of Kedahan Malay as the term <i>Orang Utara</i> is more politically neutral. This also extends to their language, which is called <i>Pelat Utara</i> or Northern Dialect. However, the Kedahan population in Langkat (Indonesia), Pulau Dua (Myanmar) and Satun (Thailand) still call themselves as <i>Orang Kedah</i> or Kedah people due to their historical ties to Kedah Sultanate prior to the partition. </p><p>However, not all Malays living in Kedah call themselves as <i>Melayu Kedah</i>. In the interior parts of Kedah such as in <a href="/wiki/Baling_District" title="Baling District">Baling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sik_District" title="Sik District">Sik</a>, they usually call themselves as <i>Orang Patani</i> as the people there are the descendants of Malay settlers from the historical region of <a href="/wiki/Patani_(historical_region)" title="Patani (historical region)">Pattani</a> which is now in modern day southern Thailand. They maintain their own unique dialect/language, tradition and identity from Kedahan Malays. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Old_House_of_Kedah_(3334750015).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/An_Old_House_of_Kedah_%283334750015%29.jpg/220px-An_Old_House_of_Kedah_%283334750015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/An_Old_House_of_Kedah_%283334750015%29.jpg/330px-An_Old_House_of_Kedah_%283334750015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/An_Old_House_of_Kedah_%283334750015%29.jpg/440px-An_Old_House_of_Kedah_%283334750015%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>An old traditional Kedahan Malay style house.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kedah_Malay" title="Kedah Malay">Kedah Malay</a></div> <p>The Kedahan Malays have their own unique variety of <a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malay</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Kedah_Malay" title="Kedah Malay">Kedah Malay</a> or <i>Pelat Utagha</i> (northern dialect) as known by its native speakers. It is related to other varieties of Malay spoken in the peninsula but has its own unique pronunciation and vocabulary which makes it unintelligible to other Malays in the region. Kedahan Malay language can be divided into several sub-dialects, namely Kedah Persisiran (<a href="/wiki/Coastal" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal">coastal</a> dialect; standard) or Kedah Hulu (interior), Kedah Utara (northern Kedah), Perlis-Langkawi, Penang and some others (sub-dialects spoken in <a href="/wiki/Satun_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Satun Province">Satun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burmese_Malays" title="Burmese Malays">Southern Myanmar</a>). For instance instead of using <i>kamu</i> to denote as 'you', <i>hang</i> (English pronunciation: <i>hung</i>) is used instead and <i>cek</i> or <i>kami</i> for 'i/me' instead of <i>saya / aku</i> in other Malay varieties in the peninsula. Besides proper Kedah Malay, another variety of Malay spoken in Kedah is <a href="/wiki/Reman_Malay" title="Reman Malay">Baling Malay</a>, which is an offshoot of <a href="/wiki/Kelantan-Patani_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelantan-Patani Malay">Kelantan-Patani Malay</a> but has absorbed influences from Kedah Malay. Kedah Malay is considered distinct enough to have its own <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO code</a> that is <b>meo</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Customs_and_culture">Customs and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Customs and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wanita_Kedah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wanita_Kedah.jpg/170px-Wanita_Kedah.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wanita_Kedah.jpg/255px-Wanita_Kedah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Wanita_Kedah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="716" /></a><figcaption>Kedahan Malay woman in traditional attire, 1930</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to their long history, Kedahan Malays have their own unique cuisines, customs and traditions compared to the rest of Malaysia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuih_Bunga_Pundak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kuih_Bunga_Pundak.jpg/220px-Kuih_Bunga_Pundak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kuih_Bunga_Pundak.jpg/330px-Kuih_Bunga_Pundak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kuih_Bunga_Pundak.jpg/440px-Kuih_Bunga_Pundak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Kuih Bunga Pundak</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Nasi Daging Air Asam</li> <li>Kuih Dangai</li> <li>Kuih Peneram</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pek_nga" title="Pek nga">Pek Nga</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karas_(food)" title="Karas (food)">Karas</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_sticky_rice" title="Mango sticky rice">Pulut Mangga</a></li> <li>Pulut Durian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasi_Lemuni" title="Nasi Lemuni">Nasi Lemuni</a></li> <li>Kuih Bunga Pundak<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dance_theater">Dance theater</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dance theater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mek_Mulung" title="Mek Mulung">Mek Mulung</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak_yong" title="Mak yong">Mak Yong</a> Kedah<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jikey" title="Jikey">Jikey</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boria_(theatre)" title="Boria (theatre)">Boria (theatre)</a>: The most famous Kedahan culture of Indian origin. It is quite similar to a musical theater. The theater used a fully Kedahan Malay language while the song used a mix of standard Malay and Kedahan accent or sometimes, a fully standard Malay. This theater is said to be created after the hybrid of Malay and Indian culture in <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Inai dance<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Canggung dance: A dance originating from <a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a> but also very popular in <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinta_Sayang_(dance)" title="Cinta Sayang (dance)">Cinta Sayang dance</a>: a popular opening dance in Kedah.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_theater">Art theater</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Art theater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit">Wayang Kulit</a> Gedek<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Customs">Customs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Berendul (pronunciation: be-ghen-doi): A group of men would sing traditional Kedahan folk songs to a newborn baby in celebration of birth of the child.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetry">Poetry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghazal" title="Ghazal">Ghazal</a> <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Martial_arts">Martial arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Martial arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Silat Kuntau Tekpi: A <a href="/wiki/Silat_Melayu" title="Silat Melayu">Silat Melayu</a> style that was founded by Panglima Taib bin Wan Hussain who was a Panglima (Palace Warrior-General) of the empire of Kedah. It is also a 'sister-art' of silat styles that stemmed from Panglima Tok Rashid, including Silat Kalimah and Silat Cekak.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silat" title="Silat">Silat Cekak</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Silat_Melayu" title="Silat Melayu">Silat Melayu</a> style that was founded by Ustaz Hanafi, a Kedahan Malay but is now popular throughout Malaysia and to some extent in Indonesia as well.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films">Films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Raja Bersiong</li> <li>Rempit V3</li> <li>Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa</li> <li>Cun (2011)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_series">Television series</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Television series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cinta Anak Kedah</li> <li>Makbul</li> <li>Dari Kodiang ke Kolumpo.</li> <li>Mak Cun</li> <li>Kak Marr</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Kedahan_Malay">Notable Kedahan Malay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notable Kedahan Malay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Abbas" title="Abdul Rahman Abbas">Abdul Rahman Abbas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri_of_Penang" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Penang">Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Penang</a> from 2001 to 2021</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Omar" title="Abdul Hamid Omar">Abdul Hamid Omar</a>, last <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Supreme_Court" title="Lord President of the Supreme Court">Lord President of the Supreme Court</a> from 1989 to 1992 and <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Malaysia" title="Chief Justice of Malaysia">Chief Justice of Malaysia</a> from 1989 to 1994</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmad_Badawi" title="Abdullah Ahmad Badawi">Abdullah Ahmad Badawi</a>, 5th Prime Minister of Malaysia from 2003 to 2009 (Kedahan Malay of Chinese and Arab descent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Bashah_Md_Hanipah" title="Ahmad Bashah Md Hanipah">Ahmad Bashah Md Hanipah</a>, former Deputy Minister of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs, Chief Minister of Kedah from 2016 to 2018</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a>, current 10th Prime Minister of Malaysia</li> <li>Askora Asbar, Malaysian and International Ping Pong star</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azizan_Abdul_Razak" title="Azizan Abdul Razak">Azizan Abdul Razak</a>, Chief Minister of Kedah from 2008 to 2013</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azmi_Khalid" title="Azmi Khalid">Azmi Khalid</a>, former Deputy Minister of Natural Resources and Environment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surin_Pitsuwan" title="Surin Pitsuwan">Surin Pitsuwan</a>, 12th Secretary General of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Thailand Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1997 to 2001<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farid_Kamil" title="Farid Kamil">Farid Kamil</a>, Malaysian actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bront_Palarae" title="Bront Palarae">Bront Palarae</a>, Malaysian actor, screenwriter, director and producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janna_Nick" title="Janna Nick">Janna Nick</a>, Malaysian actress and singer (Kedahan Malay with Chinese, Thai and Indo/Pakistani descent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Fairuz_Abdul_Halim" title="Ahmad Fairuz Abdul Halim">Ahmad Fairuz Abdul Halim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Malaysia" title="Chief Justice of Malaysia">Chief Justice of Malaysia</a> from 2003 to 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_Mohsin" title="Hani Mohsin">Hani Mohsin</a>, Malaysian actor and TV host</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johari_Abdul" title="Johari Abdul">Johari Abdul</a>, Malaysian Government Backbencher Leader from 2018 to 2020</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Dzaiddin_Abdullah" title="Mohamed Dzaiddin Abdullah">Mohamed Dzaiddin Abdullah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Malaysia" title="Chief Justice of Malaysia">Chief Justice of Malaysia</a> from 2000 to 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Jamalullail_(Perlis)" title="House of Jamalullail (Perlis)">House of Jamalullail (Perlis)</a>, the ruling royal family of the state of Perlis (Kedahan Malay with Arab descent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a>, Malaysian 4th and 7th Prime Minister from 1981 to 2003 and from 2018 to 2020 (Kedahan Malay with Indian descent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdzir_Khalid" title="Mahdzir Khalid">Mahdzir Khalid</a>, former Minister of Education, Chief Minister of Kedah from 2005 to 2008</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaki_Azmi" title="Zaki Azmi">Zaki Azmi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Malaysia" title="Chief Justice of Malaysia">Chief Justice of Malaysia</a> from 2008 to 2011</li> <li>Mazlan Ahmad, famous Malaysian comedian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Azmi_Mohamed" title="Mohamed Azmi Mohamed">Mohamed Azmi Mohamed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Supreme_Court" title="Lord President of the Supreme Court">Lord President of the Supreme Court</a> from 1968 to 1974</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sanusi_Md_Nor" title="Muhammad Sanusi Md Nor">Muhammad Sanusi Md Nor</a>, current Chief Minister of Kedah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhriz_Mahathir" title="Mukhriz Mahathir">Mukhriz Mahathir</a>, former Deputy Minister of International Trade and Industry (MITI), Chief Minister of Kedah from 2013 to 2016 and from 2018 to 2020</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Aroff" title="Osman Aroff">Osman Aroff</a>, Chief Minister of Kedah from 1985 to 1996</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Ramlee" title="P. Ramlee">P. Ramlee</a>, Malay film actor (Kedahan Malay maternal ancestry, Acehnese father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozita_Che_Wan" title="Rozita Che Wan">Rozita Che Wan</a>, Malaysian actress and personality</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanusi_Junid" title="Sanusi Junid">Sanusi Junid</a>, former Minister of Agriculture, Chief Minister of Kedah from 1996 to 1999</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharifah_Rodziah_Syed_Alwi_Barakbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharifah Rodziah Syed Alwi Barakbah">Sharifah Rodziah Syed Alwi Barakbah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spouse_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Spouse of the Prime Minister of Malaysia">Spouse</a> of the 1st Prime Minister of Malaysia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_bin_Syed_Mahmud_Shahabuddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Ahmad bin Syed Mahmud Shahabuddin">Syed Ahmad Syed Mahmud Shahabuddin</a>, Chief Minister of Kedah from 1967 to 1978 and <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri_of_Malacca" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca">Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca</a> from 1984 to 2004</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mokhtar_Al-Bukhary" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Mokhtar Al-Bukhary">Syed Mokhtar Al-Bukhary</a>, the 7th richest corporate figure in Malaysia (Kedahan Malay with Arab descent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Razak_Syed_Zain_Barakbah" title="Syed Razak Syed Zain Barakbah">Syed Razak Syed Zain Barakbah</a>, Chief Minister of Kedah from 1999 to 2005</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Sheh_Hassan_Barakbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Sheh Hassan Barakbah">Syed Sheh Hassan Barakbah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Supreme_Court" title="Lord President of the Supreme Court">Lord President of the Supreme Court</a> from 1966 to 1968, 3rd <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri_of_Penang" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Penang">Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Penang</a> from 1969 to 1975 and <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dewan_Negara" title="President of the Dewan Negara">President of the Dewan Negara</a> from 1959 to 1969</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Sheh_Shahabudin" title="Syed Sheh Shahabudin">Syed Sheh Shahabudin</a>, 2nd <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri">Yang di-Pertua Negeri</a> of Penang</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku Abdul Rahman</a>, 1st Prime Minister of Malaysia, also regarded as "Father of Independence" and member of the Kedah royal family (Kedahan Malay with Thai descent)</li> <li>Zulkifli Ismail, Malaysian actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Mohamad" title="Abdul Hamid Mohamad">Abdul Hamid Mohamad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Malaysia" title="Chief Justice of Malaysia">Chief Justice of Malaysia</a> from 2006 to 2008</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulkiflee_Anwar_Haque" title="Zulkiflee Anwar Haque">Zulkiflee Anwar Haque</a>, a political cartoonist famously known as Zunar and a 2016 Cartooning for Peace Prize winner.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhyar_Rashid" title="Akhyar Rashid">Akhyar Rashid</a>, Malaysian footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiz_Subri" class="mw-redirect" title="Faiz Subri">Faiz Subri </a>, Penerima Anugerah Puskas award 2016</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kedah Wayang kulit Seri ansun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malays (ethnic group)</a>, the ethnic group located primarily in the Malay peninsula, and parts of Sumatra and Borneo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_race" title="Malay race">Malay race</a>, a racial category encompassing the people of South East Asia and sometimes the Pacific Islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malaysian Malays</a>, a constitutionally defined group of Muslim Malaysian citizens</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Singaporeans" title="Malay Singaporeans">Malay Singaporeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Indonesians" title="Malay Indonesians">Malay Indonesians</a>, ethnic Malays in Indonesia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Malays" title="Thai Malays">Thai Malays</a>, ethnic Malays in Thailand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Malays" title="Sri Lankan Malays">Sri Lankan Malays</a>, an ethnic group in Sri Lanka of Indonesian ancestry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Malays" title="Cape Malays">Cape Malays</a>, an ethnic group or community in South Africa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Malays" title="Cocos Malays">Cocos Malays</a>, the predominant group ethnic group of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, now part of Australia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Malays" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Malays">Overseas Malays</a>, people of Malay ancestry living outside Malaysia and neighbouring ethnic Malay home areas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Malays" title="Burmese Malays">Burmese Malays</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/10/03/sg-batu-to-be-developed-into-archaeological-hub">"Sg Batu to be developed into archaeological hub"</a>. <i>The Star</i>. 3 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Sg+Batu+to+be+developed+into+archaeological+hub&rft.date=2020-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2020%2F10%2F03%2Fsg-batu-to-be-developed-into-archaeological-hub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.usm.my/index.php/english-news/6375-five-reasons-why-you-must-visit-the-sungai-batu-archaeological-site-at-least-once-in-your-lifetime">"FIVE REASONS WHY YOU MUST VISIT THE SUNGAI BATU ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE AT LEAST ONCE IN YOUR LIFETIME"</a>. Universiti Sains Malaysia. 14 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210617202026/https://news.usm.my/index.php/english-news/6375-five-reasons-why-you-must-visit-the-sungai-batu-archaeological-site-at-least-once-in-your-lifetime">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FIVE+REASONS+WHY+YOU+MUST+VISIT+THE+SUNGAI+BATU+ARCHAEOLOGICAL+SITE+AT+LEAST+ONCE+IN+YOUR+LIFETIME&rft.pub=Universiti+Sains+Malaysia&rft.date=2019-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.usm.my%2Findex.php%2Fenglish-news%2F6375-five-reasons-why-you-must-visit-the-sungai-batu-archaeological-site-at-least-once-in-your-lifetime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Munoz-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Munoz_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunoz2006" class="citation book cs1">Munoz, Paul Michel (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NqwuAQAAIAAJ"><i>Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula</i></a>. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/981-4155-67-5" title="Special:BookSources/981-4155-67-5"><bdi>981-4155-67-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Kingdoms+of+the+Indonesian+Archipelago+and+the+Malay+Peninsula&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=Editions+Didier+Millet&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=981-4155-67-5&rft.aulast=Munoz&rft.aufirst=Paul+Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNqwuAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia by Hermann Kulke, K Kesavapany, Vijay Sakhuja p.170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trade and Trade Routes in Ancient India by Moti Chandra p.214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIskandar1992" class="citation book cs1">Iskandar, Yusoff (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QYMuAQAAIAAJ&q=Sultan%20Mudzafar%20Shah%20I%20islam"><i>The Malay Sultanate of Malacca: A Study of Various Aspects of Malacca in the 15th and 16th Centuries in Malaysian History</i></a>. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Ministry of Education Malaysia. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-983-62-2841-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-983-62-2841-3"><bdi>978-983-62-2841-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Malay+Sultanate+of+Malacca%3A+A+Study+of+Various+Aspects+of+Malacca+in+the+15th+and+16th+Centuries+in+Malaysian+History&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Dewan+Bahasa+dan+Pustaka%2C+Ministry+of+Education+Malaysia&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-983-62-2841-3&rft.aulast=Iskandar&rft.aufirst=Yusoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQYMuAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DSultan%2520Mudzafar%2520Shah%2520I%2520islam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sabrizain.org/malaya/melaka1.htm">"Siamese Nemesis"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Siamese+Nemesis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabrizain.org%2Fmalaya%2Fmelaka1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://museumvolunteersjmm.com/2021/04/19/tales-from-the-malay-annals-the-wisdom-of-tun-perak/">"Tales from the Malay Annals: The Wisdom of Tun Perak"</a>. 19 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tales+from+the+Malay+Annals%3A+The+Wisdom+of+Tun+Perak&rft.date=2021-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuseumvolunteersjmm.com%2F2021%2F04%2F19%2Ftales-from-the-malay-annals-the-wisdom-of-tun-perak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://melayu.library.uitm.edu.my/445/1/K_RAMLAH%20ADAM%20UniMAP%2016.pdf">https://melayu.library.uitm.edu.my/445/1/K_RAMLAH%20ADAM%20UniMAP%2016.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2024)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmat1971" class="citation journal cs1">Ahmat, Sharom (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/1971/03/JSS_059_1g_SharomAhmat_KedahSiamRelations.pdf">"Kedah-Siam Relations, 1821-1905"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of the Siam Society</i>. <b>59</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">97–</span>117.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Siam+Society&rft.atitle=Kedah-Siam+Relations%2C+1821-1905&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E117&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Ahmat&rft.aufirst=Sharom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthesiamsociety.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F1971%2F03%2FJSS_059_1g_SharomAhmat_KedahSiamRelations.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetah_Wazzan_Iskandar_&_Embun_Majid2018" class="citation web cs1">Petah Wazzan Iskandar & Embun Majid (26 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hmetro.com.my/mutakhir/2018/03/324727/peknga-gulai-ikan-temenung-memang-terbaik">"Peknga, gulai ikan temenung memang terbaik"</a>. Harian Metro<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peknga%2C+gulai+ikan+temenung+memang+terbaik&rft.pub=Harian+Metro&rft.date=2018-03-26&rft.au=Petah+Wazzan+Iskandar+%26+Embun+Majid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmetro.com.my%2Fmutakhir%2F2018%2F03%2F324727%2Fpeknga-gulai-ikan-temenung-memang-terbaik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAizat_Sharif2016" class="citation web cs1">Aizat Sharif (23 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hmetro.com.my/node/184174">"48 jam buat cucur peneram [METROTV]"</a>. Harian Metro<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=48+jam+buat+cucur+peneram+%5BMETROTV%5D&rft.pub=Harian+Metro&rft.date=2016-11-23&rft.au=Aizat+Sharif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmetro.com.my%2Fnode%2F184174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ikomitnm5.blogspot.com/2015/11/kuih-bunga-pudak-kuih-bunga-pudak-ialah.html?m=1">"KUIH TRADISIONAL DI MALAYSIA: Kuih bunga pudak"</a>. 4 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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ITBM. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-96-743-0772-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-96-743-0772-1"><bdi>978-96-743-0772-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MEK+MULUNG%3A+Kesenian+Perantaraan+Manusia+dan+Kuasa+Ghaib+Warisan+Kedah+Tua&rft.pub=ITBM&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-96-743-0772-1&rft.au=Zinitulniza+Abdul+Kadir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWazir-Jahan_Begum_Karim1990" class="citation book cs1">Wazir-Jahan Begum Karim, ed. (1990). <i>Emotions of culture: a Malay perspective</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/01-958-8931-2" title="Special:BookSources/01-958-8931-2"><bdi>01-958-8931-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emotions+of+culture%3A+a+Malay+perspective&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=01-958-8931-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhulam-Sarwar_Yousof2015" class="citation book cs1">Ghulam-Sarwar Yousof (2015). <i>One Hundred and One Things Malay</i>. Partridge Publishing Singapore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-14-828-5534-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-14-828-5534-0"><bdi>978-14-828-5534-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Hundred+and+One+Things+Malay&rft.pub=Partridge+Publishing+Singapore&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-14-828-5534-0&rft.au=Ghulam-Sarwar+Yousof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahmah_Bujang1987" class="citation book cs1">Rahmah Bujang (1987). <i>Boria: A Form of Malay Theatre</i>. Institute of Southeast Asian. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99-719-8858-5" title="Special:BookSources/99-719-8858-5"><bdi>99-719-8858-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boria%3A+A+Form+of+Malay+Theatre&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=99-719-8858-5&rft.au=Rahmah+Bujang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohamed_Ghouse_Nasuruddin2000" class="citation book cs1">Mohamed Ghouse Nasuruddin (2000). <i>Teater tradisional Melayu</i>. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/98-362-6479-5" title="Special:BookSources/98-362-6479-5"><bdi>98-362-6479-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teater+tradisional+Melayu&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Dewan+Bahasa+dan+Pustaka&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=98-362-6479-5&rft.au=Mohamed+Ghouse+Nasuruddin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsmail_Hamid1988" class="citation book cs1">Ismail Hamid (1988). <i>Masyarakat dan budaya Melayu</i>. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. p. 166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/98-362-0257-9" title="Special:BookSources/98-362-0257-9"><bdi>98-362-0257-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masyarakat+dan+budaya+Melayu&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Dewan+Bahasa+dan+Pustaka%2C+Kementerian+Pendidikan+Malaysia&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=98-362-0257-9&rft.au=Ismail+Hamid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiti_NurazlinaJamaludin2018" class="citation web cs1">Siti NurazlinaJamaludin (4 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utusan.com.my/berita/wilayah/kedah/wayang-gedek-8232-masih-subur-di-kedah-1.760219">"Wayang gedek masih subur di Kedah"</a>. Utusan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wayang+gedek+masih+subur+di+Kedah&rft.pub=Utusan&rft.date=2018-10-04&rft.au=Siti+NurazlinaJamaludin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utusan.com.my%2Fberita%2Fwilayah%2Fkedah%2Fwayang-gedek-8232-masih-subur-di-kedah-1.760219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mykedah2.com/10heritage/105_2.html">"Berendul"</a>. MyKedah.Com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Berendul&rft.pub=MyKedah.Com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mykedah2.com%2F10heritage%2F105_2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatricia_Matusky_&_Tan_Sooi_Beng2017" class="citation book cs1">Patricia Matusky & Tan Sooi Beng (2017). <i>The Music of Malaysia: The Classical, Folk and Syncretic Traditions</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 329. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-13-518-3965-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-13-518-3965-5"><bdi>978-13-518-3965-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Music+of+Malaysia%3A+The+Classical%2C+Folk+and+Syncretic+Traditions&rft.pages=329&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-13-518-3965-5&rft.au=Patricia+Matusky+%26+Tan+Sooi+Beng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://melayuonline.com/culture/?a=VHVUei9zVEkvUXZ5bEpwRnNx=">"Budaya Melayu"</a>. Melayu Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Budaya+Melayu&rft.pub=Melayu+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmelayuonline.com%2Fculture%2F%3Fa%3DVHVUei9zVEkvUXZ5bEpwRnNx%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thepatriots.asia/surin-abdul-halim-bin-ismail-pitsuwan/">"Surin Abdul Halim bin Ismail Pitsuwan"</a>. <i>The Patriots</i>. 2017-12-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Patriots&rft.atitle=Surin+Abdul+Halim+bin+Ismail+Pitsuwan&rft.date=2017-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepatriots.asia%2Fsurin-abdul-halim-bin-ismail-pitsuwan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan_McChrystal2016" class="citation web cs1">Ryan McChrystal (4 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indexoncensorship.org/2016/05/zunar-wins-cartooning-for-peace-prize-talent-is-not-a-gift-but-a-responsibility/">"Zunar wins Cartooning for Peace Prize: "Talent is not a gift but a responsibility"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Index On Censorship<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zunar+wins+Cartooning+for+Peace+Prize%3A+%22Talent+is+not+a+gift+but+a+responsibility%22&rft.pub=Index+On+Censorship&rft.date=2016-05-04&rft.au=Ryan+McChrystal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indexoncensorship.org%2F2016%2F05%2Fzunar-wins-cartooning-for-peace-prize-talent-is-not-a-gift-but-a-responsibility%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKedahan+Malays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Asmah Haji Omar (2008). <i>Susur Galur Bahasa Melayu</i>. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP).</li> <li>Dato’ James F. Augustin (1996) <i>Bygone Kedah</i>. Alor Setar: Lembaga Muzium Negeri Kedah Darul Aman</li> <li><i>Intisari Kebudayaan Melayu Kedah</i> (1986). Alor Setar: Majlis Kebudayaan Negeri Kedah.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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title="Ethnic groups in Malaysia">Ethnic groups in Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Malaysians" title="Malaysians">Malaysians</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">Bumiputera</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malay</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Malay_people" title="List of Malay people">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><i>Anak Jati</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johorean_Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Johorean Malay people">Johorean Malay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kedahan Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantanese_Malays" title="Kelantanese Malays">Kelantanese Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaccan_Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaccan Malay people">Malaccan Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Malays#Sub-ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic Malays">Negeri Sembilanese Malay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Penangite Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perakian_Malays" title="Perakian Malays">Perakian Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedahan_Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kedahan Malay people">Perlisan Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_Malays" title="Pahang Malays">Pahang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selangorian_Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Selangorian Malay people">Selangorian Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganuan_Malays" title="Terengganuan Malays">Terengganuan Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Malays" title="Bruneian Malays">Bruneian Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedayan" title="Kedayan">Kedayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawakian_Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarawakian Malay people">Sarawakian Malay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><i>Anak Dagang</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Malays" title="Cocos Malays">Cocos Malays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island Malays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Chams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_people" title="Acehnese people">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_people" title="Banjar people">Banjarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak" title="Batak">Batak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandailing_people" title="Mandailing people">Mandailing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugis" title="Bugis">Bugis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bugis-Malay" title="Bugis-Malay">Bugis-Malay</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_Malaysians" title="Javanese Malaysians">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawean_people" title="Bawean people">Baweanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_people" title="Makassar people">Makassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_Malaysians" title="Minangkabau Malaysians">Minangkabau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerinci_people" title="Kerinci people">Kerinci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocu_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocu people (page does not exist)">Ocu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawa_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rawa (tribe)">Rawa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_people" title="Sundanese people">Sundanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Malays" title="Burmese Malays">Burmese Malays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Malays" title="Thai Malays">Patani Malays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Siamese" title="Malaysian Siamese">Siamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Mixed with other races<br />(excluding Chinese and Indian)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Malaysians" title="Arab Malaysians">Arab Malaysians</a></li> <li>Peranakan Eropah (including <a href="/wiki/Kristang_people" title="Kristang people">Kristang</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_Peranakan" title="Jawi Peranakan">Jawi Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Siamese" title="Malaysian Siamese">Malaysian Siamese</a> (Sam-Sam)</li> <li>Peranakan Turki</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Orang_Asal" title="Orang Asal">Orang Asal</a><br />(Other<br />Indigenous peoples)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Orang_Asli" title="Orang Asli">Peninsular<br />Malaysia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Malay" title="Proto-Malay">Proto-Malay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jakun_people" title="Jakun people">Jakun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Kanaq" title="Orang Kanaq">Orang Kanaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Laut" title="Orang Laut">Orang Laut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Kuala" title="Orang Kuala">Orang Kuala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Seletar" title="Orang Seletar">Orang Seletar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semelai_people" title="Semelai people">Semelai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temoq_people" title="Temoq people">Temoq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temuan_people" title="Temuan people">Temuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semang" title="Semang">Semang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batek_people" title="Batek people">Batek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanoh_people" title="Lanoh people">Lanoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahai_people" title="Jahai people">Jahai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensiu">Kensiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Kintaq">Kintaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendriq" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendriq">Mendriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mintil" class="mw-redirect" title="Mintil">Mintil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mos_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mos language">Mos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senoi" title="Senoi">Senoi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semai_people" title="Semai people">Semai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah_Meri_people" title="Mah Meri people">Mah Meri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheq_Wong_people" title="Cheq Wong people">Cheq Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temiar_people" title="Temiar people">Temiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jah_Hut_people" title="Jah Hut people">Jah Hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaq_Beri_people" title="Semaq Beri people">Semaq Beri</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayak_people" title="Dayak people">Dayak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukitan_people" title="Bukitan people">Bukitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_people" title="Iban people">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selako_people" title="Selako people">Selako</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Ulu" title="Orang Ulu">Orang Ulu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kayan_people_(Borneo)" title="Kayan people (Borneo)">Kayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelabit_people" title="Kelabit people">Kelabit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyah_people" title="Kenyah people">Kenyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiput" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiput">Kiput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lun_Bawang" title="Lun Bawang">Lun Bawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penan_people" title="Penan people">Penan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punan_Bah" title="Punan Bah">Punan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ban_people" title="Sa'ban people">Sa'ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukit_people" title="Ukit people">Ukit</a></li></ul></li> <li>Others <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisaya_(Borneo)" title="Bisaya (Borneo)">Bisaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanau_people" title="Melanau people">Melanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriek_people" title="Miriek people">Miriek</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kadazan-Dusun" title="Kadazan-Dusun">Kadazan-Dusun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kadazan_people" title="Kadazan people">Kadazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusun_people" title="Dusun people">Dusun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwijau" title="Kwijau">Kwijau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotud" title="Lotud">Lotud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangka%27ak" title="Mangka'ak">Mangka'ak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maragang" title="Maragang">Maragang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minokok" title="Minokok">Minokok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumanau_people" title="Rumanau people">Rumanau</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisaya_(Borneo)" title="Bisaya (Borneo)">Bisaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida'an">Ida'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_people" title="Iranun people">Illanun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lun_Bawang" title="Lun Bawang">Lun Bawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murut_people" title="Murut people">Murut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Sungai" title="Orang Sungai">Orang Sungai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dumpas" title="Dumpas">Dumpas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambanuo_people" title="Tambanuo people">Tambanuo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rungus_people" title="Rungus people">Rungus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau" title="Sama-Bajau">Sama-Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taus%C5%ABg_people" title="Tausūg people">Suluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidung_people" title="Tidung people">Tidong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysians_of_Chinese_descent" title="List of Malaysians of Chinese descent">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_people" title="Hoklo people">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_people" title="Hainan people">Hainanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_people" title="Fuzhou people">Foochow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian_people" title="Putian people">Henghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penangite" class="mw-redirect" title="Penangite">Penangite</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mixed_with_Bumiputera21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Mixed with Bumiputera</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peranakan_Chinese" title="Peranakan Chinese">Peranakan Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Native" title="Sino-Native">Sino-Native</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indians" title="Malaysian Indians">Indian</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysians_of_Indian_descent" title="List of Malaysians of Indian descent">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Malaysian" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujarati Malaysian">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Penang" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Penang">Penangite Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Malaysians" title="Punjabi Malaysians">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malayali" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Malayali">Malayali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Sabah" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Sabah">Indians in Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Sarawak" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Sarawak">Indians in Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_Malaysia" title="Sri Lankans in Malaysia">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Malaysians" title="Tamil Malaysians">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Telugu" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Telugu">Telugu</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mixed_with_Malay16" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Mixed with Malay</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chitty" title="Chitty">Chitty</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Mixed without Bumiputera</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chindians#Malaysia" title="Chindians">Chindians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Malaysia" title="Immigration to Malaysia">Foreign ethnicities<br />/expatriates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Malaysia" title="Africans in Malaysia">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Malaysians" title="Arab Malaysians">Arab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hadhrami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadhrami people">Hadhrami</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshis_in_Malaysia" title="Bangladeshis in Malaysia">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_in_Malaysia" title="Burmese in Malaysia">Burmese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rohingya_people" title="Rohingya people">Rohingya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese#Malaysia" title="Overseas Chinese">China/Taiwan Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timorese_in_Malaysia" title="Timorese in Malaysia">East Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Malaysia" title="Filipinos in Malaysia">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Malaysians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Malaysians">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_Malaysia" title="Iranians in Malaysia">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_migration_to_Malaysia" title="Japanese migration to Malaysia">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Malaysia" title="History of the Jews in Malaysia">Jewish</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Malaysia" title="Koreans in Malaysia">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_people_in_Malaysia" title="Nepalese people in Malaysia">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Malaysia" title="Pakistanis in Malaysia">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporeans_in_Malaysia" title="Singaporeans in Malaysia">Singaporeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Siamese" title="Malaysian Siamese">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Malaysia" title="Vietnamese people in Malaysia">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&oldid=1276617922">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kedahan_Malays&oldid=1276617922</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Malaysia" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Malaysia">Ethnic groups in Malaysia</a></li><li><a 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