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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Elektromotorna_sila_(EMS)_i_napon_na_stezaljkama_izvora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektromotorna_sila_(EMS)_i_napon_na_stezaljkama_izvora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Elektromotorna sila (EMS) i napon na stezaljkama izvora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektromotorna_sila_(EMS)_i_napon_na_stezaljkama_izvora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Također_pogledajte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Također_pogledajte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Također pogledajte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Također_pogledajte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Istosmjerna struja</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 86 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelykstroom" title="Gelykstroom – afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gelykstroom" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%80%E1%8C%A5%E1%89%B0%E1%8A%9B_%E1%8C%85%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B5" title="ቀጥተኛ ጅረት – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቀጥተኛ ጅረት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrient_contina" title="Corrient contina – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Corrient contina" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1" title="تيار مستمر – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيار مستمر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corriente_continua" title="Corriente continua – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Corriente continua" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabit_c%C9%99r%C9%99yan" title="Sabit cərəyan – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sabit cərəyan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleichstraum" title="Gleichstraum – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gleichstraum" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Пастаянны ток – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пастаянны ток" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Постоянен ток – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Постоянен ток" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%8E_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9" title="একমুখী বিদ্যুৎ প্রবাহ – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="একমুখী বিদ্যুৎ প্রবাহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrent_continu" title="Corrent continu – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Corrent continu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%95%DA%AF%DB%86%DA%95" title="تەزووی نەگۆڕ – centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەزووی نەگۆڕ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stejnosm%C4%9Brn%C3%BD_proud" title="Stejnosměrný proud – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stejnosměrný proud" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%88%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%C4%83%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Улшăнусăр ток – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Улшăнусăр ток" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A6vnstr%C3%B8m" title="Jævnstrøm – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jævnstrøm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleichstrom" title="Gleichstrom – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gleichstrom" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%AD%CF%82_%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Συνεχές ρεύμα – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συνεχές ρεύμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Direct current" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinua_kurento" title="Kontinua kurento – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kontinua kurento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corriente_continua" title="Corriente continua – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Corriente continua" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alalisvool" title="Alalisvool – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alalisvool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korronte_zuzen" title="Korronte zuzen – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Korronte zuzen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%85" title="جریان مستقیم – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جریان مستقیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasavirta" title="Tasavirta – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tasavirta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courant_continu" title="Courant continu – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Courant continu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likstruum" title="Likstruum – sjeverni frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Likstruum" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjeverni frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrente_continua" title="Corrente continua – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Corrente continua" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arus_searah" title="Arus searah – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Arus searah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%9D_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8" title="זרם ישר – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זרם ישר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="दिष्ट धारा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दिष्ट धारा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istosmjerna_struja" title="Istosmjerna struja – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Istosmjerna struja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kouran_dir%C3%A8k_(DC)" title="Kouran dirèk (DC) – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kouran dirèk (DC)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyen%C3%A1ram" title="Egyenáram – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Egyenáram" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Հաստատուն հոսանք – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հաստատուն հոսանք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arus_searah" title="Arus searah – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arus searah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jafnstraumur" title="Jafnstraumur – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jafnstraumur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrente_continua" title="Corrente continua – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Corrente continua" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%B5%81" title="直流 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="直流" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მუდმივი დენი – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მუდმივი დენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Тұрақты ток – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тұрақты ток" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%81%EB%A5%98" title="직류 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="직류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Туруктуу ток – kirgiški" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Туруктуу ток" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelieksjtroum" title="Gelieksjtroum – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gelieksjtroum" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrent_continua" title="Corrent continua – lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Corrent continua" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuolatin%C4%97_elektros_srov%C4%97" title="Nuolatinė elektros srovė – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nuolatinė elektros srovė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%ABdzstr%C4%81va" title="Līdzstrāva – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Līdzstrāva" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Еднонасочна струја – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Еднонасочна струја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="നേർധാരാ വൈദ്യുതി – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നേർധാരാ വൈദ്യുതി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Тогтмол гүйдэл – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тогтмол гүйдэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arus_terus" title="Arus terus – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Arus terus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="တည်ငြိမ်လျှပ်စစ် – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တည်ငြိမ်လျှပ်စစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="डिसी करेन्ट – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="डिसी करेन्ट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelijkstroom" title="Gelijkstroom – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gelijkstroom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likestraum" title="Likestraum – norveški (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Likestraum" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likestr%C3%B8m" title="Likestrøm – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Likestrøm" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrent_contin%C3%BA" title="Corrent continú – oksitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Corrent continú" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਬਿਜਲੀ ਦੀ ਸਿੱਧੀ ਪ੍ਰਵਾਹਿਤ ਧਾਰਾ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਿਜਲੀ ਦੀ ਸਿੱਧੀ ਪ੍ਰਵਾਹਿਤ ਧਾਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C4%85d_sta%C5%82y" title="Prąd stały – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prąd stały" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%B9" title="ڈریکٹ کرنٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈریکٹ کرنٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrente_cont%C3%ADnua" title="Corrente contínua – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Corrente contínua" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curent_continuu" title="Curent continuu – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Curent continuu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Постоянный ток – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Постоянный ток" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednosmjerna_struja" title="Jednosmjerna struja – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jednosmjerna struja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Direct current" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednosmern%C3%BD_pr%C3%BAd" title="Jednosmerný prúd – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jednosmerný prúd" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enosmerni_elektri%C4%8Dni_tok" title="Enosmerni električni tok – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Enosmerni električni tok" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rryma_e_vazhdueshme" title="Rryma e vazhdueshme – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rryma e vazhdueshme" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Једносмерна струја – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Једносмерна струја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glieksponnenge" title="Glieksponnenge – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Glieksponnenge" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arus_listrik_saarah" title="Arus listrik saarah – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Arus listrik saarah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likstr%C3%B6m" title="Likström – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Likström" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நேர் மின்னோட்டம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நேர் மின்னோட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8F%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%96_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%82" title="ఏకముఖ విద్యుత్ ప్రవాహం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఏకముఖ విద్యుత్ ప్రవాహం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" title="ไฟฟ้ากระแสตรง – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไฟฟ้ากระแสตรง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Direct current" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fru_ak%C4%B1m" title="Doğru akım – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Doğru akım" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Постійний струм – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Постійний струм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D9%88" title="راست رو – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="راست رو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%CA%BBzgarmas_tok" title="Oʻzgarmas tok – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oʻzgarmas tok" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_m%E1%BB%99t_chi%E1%BB%81u" title="Điện một chiều – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điện một chiều" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current – varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Direct current" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawaan_gu_w%C3%A9y" title="Dawaan gu wéy – volof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Dawaan gu wéy" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%B5%81%E7%94%B5" title="直流电 – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="直流电" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB" title="直流電 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="直流電" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%CC%8Dt-li%C3%BB" title="Ti̍t-liû – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ti̍t-liû" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9B%BB" title="乾電 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="乾電" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159241#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><p><b>Istosmjerna struja</b> je struja koja ne mijenja smjer kretanja prilikom prolaska kroz provodnik. </p><p>Računanje istosmjerne struje se izvodi preko <a href="/wiki/Ohmov_zakon" title="Ohmov zakon">Ohmovog zakona</a>, koji govori da je jačina električne struje <b>I</b> količina naboja <b>Q</b> koja prođe presjekom provodnika u vremenu <b>t</b>: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I={\frac {U}{R}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>I</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>U</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I={\frac {U}{R}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b8ec08feef66fbb8a9e336f9e986a5f9293e367d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:6.889ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I={\frac {U}{R}}}"></span> </p><p>gdje je </p> <dl><dd><i>I</i> - <a href="/wiki/Ja%C4%8Dina_struje" class="mw-redirect" title="Jačina struje">jačina struje</a> (osnovna jedinica <a href="/wiki/Amper" title="Amper">amper</a>)</dd> <dd><i>U</i> - <a href="/wiki/Razlika_potencijala" class="mw-redirect" title="Razlika potencijala">razlika potencijala</a> ili <i>napon</i> (osnovna jedinica <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a>)</dd> <dd><i>R</i> - <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_otpor" title="Električni otpor">električni otpor</a> (osnovna jedinica <a href="/wiki/Ohm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohm">ohm</a>)</dd></dl> <p>Fundamentalno je jačina istosmjerne struje objašnjena matematičkom formulom: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I={\frac {Q}{t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>I</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>Q</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I={\frac {Q}{t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3483ade97a0305b1a02a4a3097c837f69058a56f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:6.945ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I={\frac {Q}{t}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je </p> <dl><dd><i>Q</i> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koli%C4%8Dina_naboja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Količina naboja (stranica ne postoji)">količina naboja</a> ili <i>naboj</i> (osnovna jedinica <a href="/wiki/Kulon" title="Kulon">kulon</a>)</dd> <dd><i>t</i> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vremenski_interval&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vremenski interval (stranica ne postoji)">vremenski interval</a> (osnovna jedinica <a href="/wiki/Sekunda" title="Sekunda">sekunda</a>)</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Circuit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Circuit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="290" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Circuit2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Circuit2.jpg" decoding="async" width="216" height="190" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="190" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Ako pozitivni priključak izvora preko nekog potrošača (npr. sijalice) povežemo na negativni priključak izvora, elektroni će krenuti sa negativnog pola, gdje su zgusnuti, prema pozitivnom polu, gdje ih nedostaje, tako snažno da će se tanka otporna žica sijalice usijati, te će sijalica zasvijetliti. Drugim riječima, od negativnog pola baterije poteći će struja <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrona</a> (tzv. električna struja) prema pozitivnom polu. Zagrijavanje provodnika zbog prolaska struje zovemo toplotnim efektom električne struje. </p><p>S obzirom na to da bi bilo teško često crtati bateriju, žaruljicu i druge električne elemente i naprave, dogovoreni su simboli za razne vrste električnih elemenata, pa opisani sklop šematski možemo prikazati donjom slikom. Takav sklop zovemo strujnim krugom. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strujno_kolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strujno kolo (stranica ne postoji)">Strujno kolo</a> dakle sadrži neki izvor ili tačnije izvor <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon" title="Električni napon">napona</a> <b>U</b> na stezaljkama (iako greškom često zvan izvor struje), neki potrošač i električne provodnike. </p><p>Smjer struje je naime određen konvencionalno, zbog definisanja zakona prema kojima se odvijaju električni procesi, još u vrijeme kada nije bio detaljnije poznat mehanizam nastajanja električnih pojava. </p><p>Kao pozitivan, smjer struje je definisan od + prema - polu, iako se ustvari slobodni elektroni kroz strujno kolo izvan izvora kreću u obrnutom smjeru. Ako se polaritet izvora ne mijenja kao kod baterijskog izvora, ne mijenja se ni smjer struje kroz strujno kolo, pa se ta struja zove istosmjernom. </p><p>Struja kroz provodnik putuje velikom brzinom, međutim treba imati u vidu da je to ustvari brzina putovanja pojave premještanja elektrona s atoma na atom. <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:#595959; border:1px solid #DDD;">Elektroni ne prelaze čitav strujni krug jureći kroz njega, nego samo preskaču sa ljuskaste putanje jednog atoma na ljuskastu putanju susjednog</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citiranje_izvora" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Citiranje izvora"><span title="Članak koji sadrži ovaj šablon treba biti potkrijepljen pouzdanim izvorima.">potreban citat</span></a></i>]</sup>, prelazeći samo kratak put kroz provodnik. To sliči putovanju valova po morskoj površini. Morem ne putuju čestice vode, nego samo pojava njihovog izdizanja i spuštanja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elektromotorna_sila_(EMS)_i_napon_na_stezaljkama_izvora"><span id="Elektromotorna_sila_.28EMS.29_i_napon_na_stezaljkama_izvora"></span>Elektromotorna sila (EMS) i napon na stezaljkama izvora</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istosmjerna_struja&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Elektromotorna sila (EMS) i napon na stezaljkama izvora"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istosmjerna_struja&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Elektromotorna sila (EMS) i napon na stezaljkama izvora"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iz unutrašnjosti izvora pruža se otpor prolasku struje. Taj se otpor zove unutrašnji otpor izvora <b>R<sub>i</sub></b>. Izvor stvara tzv. elektromotornu silu (<b>E</b>), tj. proizvodi razliku električnog potencijala na svojim stezaljkama, gomilajući elektrone na negativnom polu. Kad je izvor neopterećen, tj. kada nije na njega priključen nikakav potrošač, razlika potecijala (napon) na njegovim stezaljkama jednaka je elektromotornoj sili. Kad se na izvor priključi potrošač, tj. kad je izvor opterećen, može se shvatiti da je u strujni krug uključen otpor potrošača <b>R</b>, a s njim u seriju uključen je i unutrašnji otpor izvora <b>R<sub>i</sub></b>. Ukupna elektromotorna sila raspodjeljuje se na savladavanje oba otpora. Kod toga, na oba otpora nastaje pad napona proporcionalan otporima. </p><p>Rezultat toga je da na stezajkama izvora više nećemo moći dobiti puni iznos elektromotorne sile koju stvara izvor, nego će ona biti umanjena za vrijednost pada napona na unutrašnjem otporu <i><b>I * R</b></i>. Napon na stezaljkama će biti: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U=E-I*R}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo>∗</mo> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U=E-I*R}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/418d805cc3cd929eeb2a00fa212e44ec850c5754" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:14.628ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U=E-I*R}"></span></dd></dl> <p>U ovom primjeru zanemaren je pad napona na provodnicima strujnog kola (pad napona na provodnicima je zanemarljivo mali). </p><p>Opterećenom izvoru napon na stezaljkama bit će manji nego neopterećenom. Zavisnost napona na stezaljkama izvora od jačine struje koju ostvaruje izvor prikazuje dijagram koji se zove karakteristika izvora. </p><p>Smanjenje napona izvora nakon opterećenja razlog je što mjerenje napona baterijskih članaka kad su izvađeni iz uređaja i neopterećeni ne daje pravu sliku stanja baterije. Neopterećena, ona može pokazivati puni napon, ali kad se optereti, može se pokazati da je ipak poluprazna i da nema dovoljan napon za ispravan rad uređaja s većom potrošnjom. </p><p>Uz već navedeni toplotni efekat, električna struja može proizvesti i druge vrste efekata: </p> <ul><li>toplotni efekat</li> <li>magnetni efekat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemija" title="Hemija">hemijski</a> efekat</li> <li>elektro-mehanički efekat (magnetno polje)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Također_pogledajte"><span id="Tako.C4.91er_pogledajte"></span>Također pogledajte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istosmjerna_struja&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Također pogledajte"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istosmjerna_struja&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Također pogledajte"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naizmjeni%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Naizmjenična struja">Naizmjenična struja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektromotorna_sila" title="Elektromotorna sila">Elektromotorna sila</a></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Preuzeto iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istosmjerna_struja&oldid=3270365">https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istosmjerna_struja&oldid=3270365</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Elektrotehnika" title="Kategorija:Elektrotehnika">Elektrotehnika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Elektromagnetizam" title="Kategorija:Elektromagnetizam">Elektromagnetizam</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Sakrivena kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:%C4%8Clanci_koji_trebaju_izvor" title="Kategorija:Članci koji trebaju izvor">Članci koji trebaju izvor</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena na datum 31 mart 2021 u 14:06.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">slobodnom licencom Autorstvo-Dijeliti pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uvjeti. 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