CINXE.COM
Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
<!doctype html> <!--[if lte IE 8 ]><html lang="en" class="ie8"><![endif]--> <!--[if lte IE 9 ]><html lang="en" class="ie9"><![endif]--> <!--[if (gt IE 9)|!(IE)]><!--> <html lang="en"> <!--<![endif]--> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#"><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=7YQSqjSh" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("http://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://ico.org.uk/","20220920133920","http://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1663681160"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, width=device-width"> <title>Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)</title> <!-- eGov metadata : mandatory data --> <!-- this however is not valid html5 --> <meta name="DC.Subject" content=""/> <meta name="DC.Date" content="Tuesday, September 20, 2022"/> <meta name="DC.Creator" content=""/> <meta name="DC.Publisher" content="ICO"/> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)"/> <meta name="DC.PageID" content="1136"/> <!-- / eGov --> <!-- Open Graph etc. --> <meta property="og:title" content="Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:url" content="http://web.archive.org/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/"/> <meta property="og:description" content="The homepage"/> <meta property="og:image" content="/web/20220920133920im_/https://ico.org.uk/"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The homepage"/> <!-- / Open Graph etc. --> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/web/20220920133920im_/https://ico.org.uk/favicon.ico"/> <link href="/web/20220920133920cs_/https://ico.org.uk/cassette.axd/stylesheet/76050da21e2bc1f12d1e5731d22312f56144430f/css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"/> <!-- CDF: No CSS dependencies were declared //--> <script src="/web/20220920133920js_/https://ico.org.uk/cassette.axd/script/5ee23aacdf970dd872941ccf4f703a43bccb2949/scripts/responsive-nav.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/web/20220920133920js_/https://ico.org.uk/cassette.axd/script/e959342b74f6ed9b82c2aa42af0bcf7fd59f2d10/scripts/lib" type="text/javascript"></script> <!--[if lte IE 8]> <script src="/cassette.axd/script/2f2e856f3b00460e54a01f364f2482acbd54a5fc/scripts/ie" type="text/javascript"></script> <![endif]--> <!--[if lte IE 9]> <script src="/cassette.axd/script/eb24a0e4caf041a10f8dbec19a33d202e3798e6b/scripts/ie9" type="text/javascript"></script> <![endif]--> <!-- Release: ICOUmbraco.20220825.1-1 --> </head> <body id="top" class=""> <a class="link-skiptocontent invisible" href="#startcontent">Skip to main content <span class="icon-arrow-down"></span></a> <header class="header-banner"> <div class="container-header"> <div class="container row"> <div class="column column-3 siteheader-logo"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/"><span class="invisible">ICO: Information Commissioner's Office</span></a> </div> <div class="column column-6 siteheader-strapline h4"> <div class="siteheader-strapline-inner"> <p>The UK’s independent authority set up to uphold information rights in the public interest, promoting openness by public bodies and data privacy for individuals.</p> </div> </div> <a href="" class="button-icon" id="toggle-siteheader-search"><span class="icon-search"></span><span class="invisible">Search</span><span class="icon-close"></span></a> <form action="http://web.archive.org/web/20220920133920/https://icosearch.ico.org.uk/s/search.html" method="GET" class="column column-3" id="siteheader-search"> <fieldset> <legend class="invisible">Search</legend> <div class="siteheader-search-form"> <label for="search" class="invisible">Search</label> <input type="search" id="search" name="query"> <input type="hidden" name="collection" value="ico-meta"/> <input type="hidden" name="profile" value="_default"/> <span class="button-icon icon-search"></span> <input type="submit" value="Search"> </div> </fieldset> </form> </div> </div> <div class="container-navigation"> <div class="container row"> <nav class="column column-12" aria-label="Main menu"> <ul> <li class="h3 theme-home"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/" class="current">Home<span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></a> </li> <li class="h3 theme-public"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/your-data-matters/">Your data matters<span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></a> </li> <li class="h3 theme-organisations"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/">For organisations<span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></a> </li> <li class="h3 theme-report"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/make-a-complaint/">Make a complaint<span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></a> </li> <li class="h3 theme-action"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/action-weve-taken/">Action we've taken<span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></a> </li> <li class="h3 theme-about"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/">About the ICO<span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <main class="theme-home" id="startcontent"> <div class="container"> <header class="pageheader invisible"> <div class="row"> <div class="column column-8"> <h1>Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)</h1> </div> </div> </header> <div class="row"> <div class="column column-9"> <div class="news row"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/call-for-views-ico25-plan/" class="news-highlight column column-8"> <img src="/web/20220920133920im_/https://ico.org.uk/media/4020808/ico25-homepage.jpg" alt="ico25 logo"/> <div class="news-highlight-content"> <h2>ICO's new strategic plan published</h2> <p>Have your say before 22 September.</p> </div> </a> <div class="news-items column column-4 index-safe"> <ul> <li> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2022/09/ico-publishes-guidance-on-privacy-enhancing-technologies/"> <h2 class="h3">ICO publishes guidance on privacy enhancing technologies</h2> <span class="text-small">7 September 2022</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2022/09/halfords-fined-for-sending-nearly-500-000-unwanted-marketing-emails/"> <h2 class="h3">Halfords fined for sending nearly 500,000 unwanted marketing emails</h2> <span class="text-small">6 September 2022</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2022/09/children-are-better-protected-online-in-2022-than-they-were-in-2021/"> <h2 class="h3">ICO marks anniversary of Children’s code</h2> <span class="text-small">2 September 2022</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/" class="itemlink-link">Visit our media centre <span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="column column-3"> <aside class="aside-action"> <h2>Take action</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/data-protection-fee/" class="h3 theme-organisations"> <span>Pay fee, renew fee or register a DPO</span> <span class="button-circle"> <span class="icon-arrow-right"></span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/report-a-breach/" class="h3 theme-organisations"> <span>Report a breach</span> <span class="button-circle"> <span class="icon-arrow-right"></span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/make-a-complaint/" class="h3 theme-report"> <span>Make a complaint</span> <span class="button-circle"> <span class="icon-arrow-right"></span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </aside> <aside class="aside-action-image"> <ul> <li> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/our-information/our-strategies-and-plans/ico25-plan/" class="theme-actionimage"> <span class="action-text"> ICO25 <span class="action-image"> <img aria-hidden="false" src="/web/20220920133920im_/https://ico.org.uk/media/4020809/25-blue.png" alt="ico25 logo"/> </span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </aside> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="column column-6"> <div class="itemlink-list itemlink-columns theme-public"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/your-data-matters/" class="itemlink-header"> <span class="button-circle"><span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></span> <h2>Your data matters</h2> <p class="text-small">Practical information about your data protection and information rights</p> </a> <div class="row"> <div class="column column-6"> <div class="itemlink clearfix"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/your-data-matters/your-right-to-get-copies-of-your-data/"> <div class="itemlink-image"> <img src="/web/20220920133920im_/https://ico.org.uk/media/2259011/ydm-access-180x180.gif" alt=""/> </div> <div class="itemlink-content"> <h3>Your right to get copies of your data</h3> </div> </a> </div> <div class="itemlink clearfix"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/your-data-matters/official-information/"> <div class="itemlink-image"> <img src="/web/20220920133920im_/https://ico.org.uk/media/2259127/ydm-official-information-180x180.gif" alt=""/> </div> <div class="itemlink-content"> <h3>Your right to access information from a public body</h3> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="column column-6"> <div class="itemlink clearfix"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/your-data-matters/does-an-organisation-need-my-consent/"> <div class="itemlink-image"> <img src="/web/20220920133920im_/https://ico.org.uk/media/2259031/ydm-concern-180x180.gif" alt=""/> </div> <div class="itemlink-content"> <h3>Does an organisation need my consent?</h3> </div> </a> </div> <div class="itemlink clearfix"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/your-data-matters/nuisance-calls/"> <div class="itemlink-image"> <img src="/web/20220920133920im_/https://ico.org.uk/media/2259425/ydm-social-media-180x180.gif" alt=""/> </div> <div class="itemlink-content"> <h3>What to do about nuisance calls, and how to protect yourself</h3> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/your-data-matters/" class="itemlink-link">See all our advice for individuals<span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="column column-6"> <div class="theme-organisations"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/" class="itemlink-header"> <span class="button-circle"><span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></span> <h2>For organisations</h2> <p class="text-small">Guidance and resources for public bodies, private sector organisations and sole traders</p> </a> <div class="linklist"> <ul class="linklist-column-2"> <li> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/dp-at-the-end-of-the-transition-period/overview-data-protection-and-the-eu/"> <span class="button-circle"><span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></span> <h3>Data Protection and the EU</h3> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/"> <span class="button-circle"><span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></span> <h3>Guide to Data Protection</h3> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/"> <span class="button-circle"><span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></span> <h3>UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR)</h3> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/sme-web-hub/"> <span class="button-circle"><span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></span> <h3>SME web hub – advice for all small organisations</h3> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-freedom-of-information/"> <span class="button-circle"><span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></span> <h3>Freedom of information</h3> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-pecr/"> <span class="button-circle"><span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></span> <h3>Electronic marketing</h3> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/key-dp-themes/guidance-for-the-use-of-personal-data-in-political-campaigning-1/"> <span class="button-circle"><span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></span> <h3>Personal data in political campaigning</h3> </a> </li> </ul> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guidance-index/" class="itemlink-link">See all our guidance for organisations<span class="icon-arrow-right"></span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="commontopics row"> <h2>Common topics</h2> <div class="column column-4 theme-about"> <div class="itemlink clearfix"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/jobs/technology-and-innovation-opportunities/"> <div class="itemlink-image"> <img src="/web/20220920133920im_/https://ico.org.uk/media/1440/wearable-technology-180x180.jpg" alt=""/> </div> <div class="itemlink-content"> <h3>ICO tech jobs</h3> <div class="itemlink-description commontopics-item-description">If you're passionate about protecting citizens’ rights in a data-driven economy we want to hear from you.</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="column column-4 theme-action"> <div class="itemlink clearfix"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/action-weve-taken/nuisance-calls-and-messages/"> <div class="itemlink-image"> <img src="/web/20220920133920im_/https://ico.org.uk/media/1349/statistics-report-180x180.jpg" alt=""/> </div> <div class="itemlink-content"> <h3>Nuisance calls and messages</h3> <div class="itemlink-description commontopics-item-description">Read about action we've taken against nuisance marketing.</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="column column-4 theme-about"> <div class="itemlink clearfix"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/what-we-do/register-of-fee-payers/"> <div class="itemlink-image"> <img src="/web/20220920133920im_/https://ico.org.uk/media/1340/publication-180x180.jpg" alt=""/> </div> <div class="itemlink-content"> <h3>Search the register</h3> <div class="itemlink-description commontopics-item-description">There are over 1 million data controllers registered with the ICO.</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="footer-sociallinks container row"> <div class="footer-sociallinks-links footer-sociallinks-links--left column column-2"> <ul class=""> <li> <a href="#" class="button-circle" id="toggle-hiddenpanel-share"> <span class="icon-share"></span> <span class="invisible">Share this page</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="javascript:window.print()" class="button-circle" data-item="Print"> <span class="icon-print"></span> <span class="invisible">Print this page</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/global/rss-feeds/" class="button-circle" data-item="RSS"> <span class="icon-feed"></span> <span class="invisible">RSS feeds</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-sociallinks-language column column-2 language-dropdown-container"> <div class="language-dropdown-tab-controls dropdown"> <a href="#" class="visible-xs mobile-tabcontrol" title="Language Selector" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-target="[langSelector__nav]"> <ul class="globe-list"> <li class="button-circle globe" title="Language"> <span class="icon-globe"></span></li> </ul> <span class="dropdown-label">English</span> <span class="chevron down"></span> </a> <ul class="nav nav-tabs" data-name="langSelector__nav"> <li class="tab active"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/" name="English" class="content language-item">English</a> </li> <li class="tab"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20220920133920/https://cy.ico.org.uk/" name="Welsh" class="content language-item">Cymraeg</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="footer-sociallinks-links footer-sociallinks-links--right column column-4"> <ul class="clearfix"> <li> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20220920133920/https://twitter.com/iconews" target="_blank" class="button-circle" data-item="Follow us on Twitter"> <span class="icon-twitter"></span> <span class="invisible">Follow us on Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20220920133920/https://facebook.com/ICOnews" target="_blank" class="button-circle" data-item="Like us on Facebook"> <span class="icon-facebook"></span> <span class="invisible">Like us on Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20220920133920/https://linkedin.com/company/information-commissioner's-office" target="_blank" class="button-circle" data-item="Connect with us on Linkedin"> <span class="icon-linkedin"></span> <span class="invisible">Connect with us on Linkedin</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20220920133920/https://www.youtube.com/user/icocomms" target="_blank" class="button-circle" data-item="Watch us on YouTube"> <span class="icon-youtube"></span> <span class="invisible">Watch us on YouTube</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="hiddenpanel clearfix" id="hiddenpanel-share"> <h2 class="h4">Share this page</h2> <ul class="clearfix"> <li> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20220920133920/https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https:%2f%2fico.org.uk%2ffor-organisations%2fguide-to-data-protection%2fguide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr%2fsecurity%2fsecurity-outcomes%2f" target="_blank" class="button-circle"> <span class="icon-reddit"></span> <span class="invisible">Share via Reddit</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20220920133920/https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&title=Security+outcomes&url=https:%2f%2fico.org.uk%2ffor-organisations%2fguide-to-data-protection%2fguide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr%2fsecurity%2fsecurity-outcomes%2f&source=Ico.org.uk" target="_blank" class="button-circle"> <span class="icon-linkedin"></span> <span class="invisible">Share via LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#2e114c414a5713465a5a5e5d140b1c480b1c48474d4100415c49005b450b1c4848415c03415c494f40475d4f5a4741405d0b1c48495b474a4b035a41034a4f5a4f035e5c415a4b4d5a4741400b1c48495b474a4b035a41035a464b03494b404b5c4f42034a4f5a4f035e5c415a4b4d5a474140035c4b495b424f5a47414003494a5e5c0b1c485d4b4d5b5c475a570b1c485d4b4d5b5c475a5703415b5a4d41434b5d0b1c48" target="_blank" class="button-circle"> <span class="icon-envelope"></span> <span class="invisible">Share via email</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/e-newsletter/" class="footer-sociallinks-newsletter"> <span class="h4">Subscribe to our e-newsletter</span> <span class="button-circle"> <span class="icon-envelope"></span> </span> </a> <div class="footer-sociallinks-language--mobile language-dropdown-container"> <div class="language-dropdown-tab-controls dropdown"> <a href="#" class="visible-xs mobile-tabcontrol" title="Language Selector" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-target="[langSelector__nav--mobile]"> <ul class="globe-list"> <li class="button-circle globe" title="Language"><span class="icon-globe"></span></li> </ul> <span class="dropdown-label">English</span> <span class="chevron down"></span> </a> <ul class="nav nav-tabs" data-name="langSelector__nav--mobile"> <li class="tab active"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/" name="English" class="content language-item">English</a> </li> <li class="tab"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20220920133920/https://cy.ico.org.uk/" name="Welsh" class="content language-item">Cymraeg</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-sitemap"> <div class="container row"> <div class="column column-2"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/" class="footer-sitemap-logo"><span class="invisible">ICO: Information Commissioner's Office</span></a> </div> <div class="column column-2"> <h2 class="h4"><a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/your-data-matters/">Your data matters</a></h2> <ul class="text-small"> <li><a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/your-data-matters/official-information/">Official information</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/your-data-matters/nuisance-calls/">Nuisance calls</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column column-2"> <h2 class="h4"><a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/">For organisations</a></h2> <ul class="text-small"> <li><a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/">Guide to Data Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-freedom-of-information/">Guide to FOI</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-pecr/">Guide to PECR</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column column-2"> <h2 class="h4"><a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/action-weve-taken/">Action we've taken</a></h2> <ul class="text-small"> <li><a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/action-weve-taken/enforcement/">Enforcement action</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20220920133920/https://icosearch.ico.org.uk/s/search.html?collection=ico-meta&profile=decisions&query">Decision notices</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/action-weve-taken/audits-and-overview-reports/">Audits</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column column-2"> <h2 class="h4"><a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/">About the ICO</a></h2> <ul class="text-small"> <li><a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/who-we-are/">Who we are</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/what-we-do/">What we do</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/">News and events</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/jobs/">Careers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-modern-slavery-statement-2021-2022/">Modern Slavery Statement</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-strapline"> <div class="container row"> <div class="column column-12 h4"> <p>The UK’s independent authority set up to uphold information rights in the public interest, promoting openness by public bodies and data privacy for individuals.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-footerlinks"> <div class="container row"> <div class="column column-12"> <nav aria-label="footer" class="clearfix"> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/global/copyright-and-re-use-of-materials/">© Copyright</a> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/global/privacy-notice/">Privacy notice</a> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/global/cookies/">Cookies</a> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/global/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/global/request-publications/">Publications</a> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/global/accessibility/">Accessibility</a> <a href="/web/20220920133920/https://ico.org.uk/global/contact-us/">Contact us</a> </nav> <div class="footerlinks-phone h2"><span class="icon-phone"></span><span class="invisible">Phone:</span> 0303 123 1113</div> <div class="footer-ogl"><span class="invisible">Open Government Licence</span></div> <div class="text-small footer-ogl-info"> All text content is available under the <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20220920133920/http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/">Open Government Licence v3.0</a>, except where otherwise stated. </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/web/20220920133920js_/https://ico.org.uk/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="text/html" id="CookieControlConfig"> {"apiKey":"dbf86e044f3ab8c4df852af5c7c6ceb2dd7678dd","product":"PRO","theme":"dark","position":"left","rejectButton":true,"closeStyle":"button","consentCookieExpiry":90,"initialState":"open","statement":{"description":"For more detailed information about the cookies we use, see our","name":"Cookies page.","url":"/global/cookies/","updated":"09/07/2020"},"text":{"notifyTitle":"Our use of cookies","notifyDescription":"We use necessary cookies to make our site work. We'd also like to set analytics cookies that help us make improvements by measuring how you use the site. These will only be set if you press accept","accept":"Accept all cookies","reject":"Reject all cookies","settings":"Settings","necessaryTitle":"Necessary cookies","necessaryDescription":"Necessary cookies enable core functionality such as security, network management, and accessibility. You may disable these by changing your browser settings, but this may affect how the website functions.","title":"Our use of cookies","intro":"We use necessary cookies to make our site work. We'd also like to set analytics cookies that help us make improvements by measuring how you use the site. These will be set only if you accept.","acceptRecommended":"Accept all cookies","rejectSettings":"Reject all cookies","closeLabel":"Save and close"},"branding":{"fontFamily":"Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif","fontColor":"#FFF","fontSizeTitle":"25px","fontSizeIntro":"15px","fontSizeHeaders":"21px","fontSize":"15px","acceptBackground":"#FFF","backgroundColor":"#0276A5","toggleText":"#FFF","toggleColor":"#0276A5","toggleBackground":"#2F2F5F","removeAbout":true},"necessaryCookies":["rwe*","language","UMB_*","UMB-*","XSRF-*","__RequestVerificationToken"],"optionalCookies":[{"name":"analytics","label":"Analytics cookies","description":"We'd like to set Google Analytics cookies to help us improve our website by collecting and reporting information on how you use it. The cookies collect information in a way that does not directly identify anyone. For more information on how these cookies work please see our 'Cookies page'.","cookies":["_ga","_gid","_gali","_gat","__utma","__utmt","__utmb","__utmc","__utmz","__utmv"],"lawfulBasis":"Consent","recommendedState":true,"onAccept":"(function (w, d, s, l, i) {\n\n var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],\n j = d.createElement(s),\n dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : '';\n j.async = true;\n j.src ='http://web.archive.org/web/20220920133920/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=' + i;\n f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f);\n window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];\n function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}\n gtag('js', new Date());\n gtag('config', 'UA-1036645-1',{ 'anonymize_ip': true });\n})(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'UA-1036645-1');","onRevoke":"window['ga-disable-UA-1036645-1'] = true;"}]} </script> <script src="/web/20220920133920js_/https://ico.org.uk/cassette.axd/script/9729ebe1073254a142bd2361fc0438a8167ad0c8/scripts" type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- CDF: No JS dependencies were declared //--> </body> </html><!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 13:39:20 Sep 20, 2022 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 05:00:52 Mar 03, 2025. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.612 exclusion.robots: 0.023 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.014 esindex: 0.01 cdx.remote: 7.016 LoadShardBlock: 398.286 (6) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 170.386 (8) load_resource: 194.029 PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 57.068 loaddict: 87.114 -->