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subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Career_as_a_writer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1950s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 1950s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s–1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s–1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 1960s–1970s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s–1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_stories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_stories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Short stories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_stories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Novels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s–2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s–2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 1980s–2000s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s–2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Personal life and death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Poetry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_criticism_and_art_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_criticism_and_art_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Literary criticism and art criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_criticism_and_art_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_reputation_and_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_reputation_and_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Critical reputation and style </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_reputation_and_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Themes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Themes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Themes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Sex </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bibliography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Bibliography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rabbit_novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rabbit_novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Rabbit novels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rabbit_novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bech_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bech_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Bech books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bech_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buchanan_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buchanan_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Buchanan books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buchanan_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastwick_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastwick_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Eastwick books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastwick_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Scarlet_Letter_trilogy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Scarlet_Letter_trilogy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 The Scarlet Letter trilogy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Scarlet_Letter_trilogy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 Other novels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books_edited_by_Updike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_edited_by_Updike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.7 Books edited by Updike </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_edited_by_Updike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_story_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_story_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.8 Short story collections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_story_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poetry_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.9 Poetry collections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-fiction,_essays_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-fiction,_essays_and_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.10 Non-fiction, essays and criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-fiction,_essays_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading_and_literary_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading_and_literary_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading and literary criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading_and_literary_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">John Updike</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" > 69 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83" title="جون أبدايك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون أبدايك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جان آپدایک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان آپدایک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95" title="জন আপডাইক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জন আপডাইক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA" title="Джон Апдайк – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джон Апдайк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%AA%D0%BF%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA" title="Джон Ъпдайк – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джон Ъпдайк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%80%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA" title="Τζον Άπνταϊκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζον Άπνταϊκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جان آپدایک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان آپدایک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%97%85%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC" title="존 업다이크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 업다이크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D6%83%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84" title="Ջոն Ափդայք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոն Ափդայք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95" title="जॉन अपडाइक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जॉन अपडाइक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hoyer_Updike" title="John Hoyer Updike – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Hoyer Updike" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7" title="ג'ון אפדייק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון אפדייק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ჯონ აპდაიკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯონ აპდაიკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Updike" title="Ioannes Updike – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Updike" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA" title="Џон Апдајк – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џон Апдајк" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95" title="जॉन अपडाइक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जॉन अपडाइक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ჯონ აპდაიკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯონ აპდაიკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83" title="جون ابدايك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون ابدايك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF" title="ジョン・アップダイク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・アップダイク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%95" title="ਜੌਨ ਅੱਪਡਾਇਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੌਨ ਅੱਪਡਾਇਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%BE%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جان اپڈائیک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جان اپڈائیک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Апдайк, Джон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Апдайк, Джон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA" title="Џон Апдајк – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џон Апдајк" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA" title="Джон Апдайк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Апдайк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%BE%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%DA%A9" title="جان اپڈائيک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جان اپڈائيک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="John Updike" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8E%84%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%A3%E5%85%8B" title="约翰·厄普代克 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约翰·厄普代克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8E%84%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%A3%E5%85%8B" title="約翰·厄普代克 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="約翰·厄普代克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8E%84%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%A3%E5%85%8B" title="約翰·厄普代克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="約翰·厄普代克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q105756#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American writer (1932–2009)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">John Updike</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Updike,_author_at_PEN_Congress,_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Updike in 1986"><img alt="Updike in 1986" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/John_Updike%2C_author_at_PEN_Congress%2C_cropped.jpg/220px-John_Updike%2C_author_at_PEN_Congress%2C_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/John_Updike%2C_author_at_PEN_Congress%2C_cropped.jpg/330px-John_Updike%2C_author_at_PEN_Congress%2C_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/John_Updike%2C_author_at_PEN_Congress%2C_cropped.jpg/440px-John_Updike%2C_author_at_PEN_Congress%2C_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="997" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Updike in 1986</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">John Hoyer Updike (1932-03-18)March 18, 1932 <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading, Pennsylvania</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">January 27, 2009(2009-01-27) (aged 76) <a href="/wiki/Danvers,_Massachusetts" title="Danvers, Massachusetts">Danvers, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Novelist</li> <li>short-story writer</li> <li>poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_critic" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary critic">literary critic</a></li> <li>artist</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>) <a href="/wiki/Ruskin_School_of_Art" title="Ruskin School of Art">Ruskin School of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Literary_realism" title="Literary realism">Literary realism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Rabbit Angstrom novels: <a href="/wiki/Rabbit,_Run" title="Rabbit, Run">Rabbit, Run</a> (1960) <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Redux" title="Rabbit Redux">Rabbit Redux</a> (1971) <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_is_Rich" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbit is Rich">Rabbit is Rich</a> (1981) <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_at_Rest" title="Rabbit at Rest">Rabbit at Rest</a> (1990) <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bech" title="Henry Bech">Henry Bech</a> stories <a href="/wiki/The_Witches_of_Eastwick" title="The Witches of Eastwick">The Witches of Eastwick</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Entwistle_Pennington" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Entwistle Pennington">Mary Entwistle Pennington</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1953; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1974)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Ruggles_Bernhard" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha Ruggles Bernhard">Martha Ruggles Bernhard</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1977)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Updike_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/John_Updike_signature.svg/150px-John_Updike_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/John_Updike_signature.svg/225px-John_Updike_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/John_Updike_signature.svg/300px-John_Updike_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="200" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:John_updike_bbc_radio4_front_row_31_10_2008_b00f3b6t.flac" title="File:John updike bbc radio4 front row 31 10 2008 b00f3b6t.flac">John Updike's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="28" data-mwtitle="John_updike_bbc_radio4_front_row_31_10_2008_b00f3b6t.flac" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/John_updike_bbc_radio4_front_row_31_10_2008_b00f3b6t.flac/John_updike_bbc_radio4_front_row_31_10_2008_b00f3b6t.flac.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/John_updike_bbc_radio4_front_row_31_10_2008_b00f3b6t.flac/John_updike_bbc_radio4_front_row_31_10_2008_b00f3b6t.flac.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/John_updike_bbc_radio4_front_row_31_10_2008_b00f3b6t.flac" type="audio/flac" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">from the BBC program <a href="/wiki/Front_Row_(radio_programme)" title="Front Row (radio programme)">Front Row</a>, October 31, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> John Hoyer Updike (March 18, 1932 – January 27, 2009) was an American novelist, poet, short-story writer, <a href="/wiki/Art_critic" title="Art critic">art critic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Literary_critic" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary critic">literary critic</a>. One of only four writers to win the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a> more than once (the others being <a href="/wiki/Booth_Tarkington" title="Booth Tarkington">Booth Tarkington</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colson_Whitehead" title="Colson Whitehead">Colson Whitehead</a>), Updike published more than twenty novels, more than a dozen short-story collections, as well as poetry, art and literary criticism and children's books during his career. Hundreds of his stories, reviews, and poems appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> starting in 1954. He also wrote regularly for <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a>. His most famous work is his "Rabbit" series (the novels <a href="/wiki/Rabbit,_Run" title="Rabbit, Run">Rabbit, Run</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Redux" title="Rabbit Redux">Rabbit Redux</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Is_Rich" title="Rabbit Is Rich">Rabbit Is Rich</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_at_Rest" title="Rabbit at Rest">Rabbit at Rest</a>; and the novella <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Remembered" title="Rabbit Remembered">Rabbit Remembered</a>), which chronicles the life of the middle-class everyman <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Angstrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbit Angstrom">Harry "Rabbit" Angstrom</a> over the course of several decades, from young adulthood to death. Both Rabbit Is Rich (1981) and Rabbit at Rest (1990) were awarded the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize</a>. Describing his subject as "the American small town, <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> middle class", critics recognized his careful craftsmanship, his unique prose style, and his prolific output – a book a year on average. Updike populated his fiction with characters who "frequently experience personal turmoil and must respond to crises relating to religion, family obligations, and marital infidelity".<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> His fiction is distinguished by its attention to the concerns, passions, and suffering of average Americans, its emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theology</a>, and its preoccupation with sexuality and sensual detail. His work has attracted significant critical attention and praise, and he is widely considered one of the great <a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">American writers</a> of his time.<a href="#cite_note-schiff-3">[3]</a> Updike's highly distinctive prose style features a rich, unusual, sometimes arcane vocabulary as conveyed through the eyes of "a wry, intelligent authorial voice that describes the physical world extravagantly while remaining squarely in the <a href="/wiki/Literary_realism" title="Literary realism">realist</a> tradition".<a href="#cite_note-clc-4">[4]</a> He described his style as an attempt "to give the mundane its beautiful due".<a href="#cite_note-earlystories-5">[5]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JOHN_UPDIKE_CHILDHOOD_HOME,_SHILLINGTON,_BERKS_COUNTY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/JOHN_UPDIKE_CHILDHOOD_HOME%2C_SHILLINGTON%2C_BERKS_COUNTY.jpg/260px-JOHN_UPDIKE_CHILDHOOD_HOME%2C_SHILLINGTON%2C_BERKS_COUNTY.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/JOHN_UPDIKE_CHILDHOOD_HOME%2C_SHILLINGTON%2C_BERKS_COUNTY.jpg/390px-JOHN_UPDIKE_CHILDHOOD_HOME%2C_SHILLINGTON%2C_BERKS_COUNTY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/JOHN_UPDIKE_CHILDHOOD_HOME%2C_SHILLINGTON%2C_BERKS_COUNTY.jpg/520px-JOHN_UPDIKE_CHILDHOOD_HOME%2C_SHILLINGTON%2C_BERKS_COUNTY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="1848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Updike_Childhood_Home" title="John Updike Childhood Home">Updike's boyhood home</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shillington,_Pennsylvania" title="Shillington, Pennsylvania">Shillington, Pennsylvania</a></figcaption></figure> Updike was born in <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading, Pennsylvania</a>, the only child of <a href="/wiki/Linda_Grace_Hoyer_Updike" title="Linda Grace Hoyer Updike">Linda Grace</a> (née Hoyer) and <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Russell_Updike" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesley Russell Updike">Wesley Russell Updike</a>, and was raised at his <a href="/wiki/John_Updike_Childhood_Home" title="John Updike Childhood Home">childhood home</a> in the nearby small town of <a href="/wiki/Shillington,_Pennsylvania" title="Shillington, Pennsylvania">Shillington</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The family later moved to the <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated</a> village of <a href="/wiki/Plowville,_Pennsylvania" title="Plowville, Pennsylvania">Plowville</a>. His mother's attempts to become a published writer impressed the young Updike. "One of my earliest memories", he later recalled, "is of seeing her at her desk ... I admired the writer's equipment, the typewriter eraser, the boxes of clean paper. And I remember the brown envelopes that stories would go off in—and come back in."<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> These early years in <a href="/wiki/Berks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Berks County, Pennsylvania">Berks County, Pennsylvania</a>, would influence the environment of the Rabbit Angstrom <a href="/wiki/Tetralogy" title="Tetralogy">tetralogy</a>, as well as many of his early novels and short stories.<a href="#cite_note-boswell-8">[8]</a> Updike graduated from <a href="/wiki/Governor_Mifflin_Senior_High_School" title="Governor Mifflin Senior High School">Shillington High School</a> as co-<a href="/wiki/Valedictorian" title="Valedictorian">valedictorian</a> and class president in 1950 and received a full scholarship to <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a>, where he was the roommate of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Christopher Lasch</a> during their first year.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Updike had already received recognition for his writing as a teenager by winning a <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Young_Artists_%26_Writers#The_Scholastic_Art_&_Writing_Awards" title="Alliance for Young Artists & Writers">Scholastic Art & Writing Award</a>,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> and at Harvard he soon became well known among his classmates as a talented and prolific contributor to <a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Lampoon" title="The Harvard Lampoon">The Harvard Lampoon</a>, of which he was president.<a href="#cite_note-boswell-8">[8]</a> He studied with dramatist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Chapman_(playwright)" title="Robert Chapman (playwright)">Robert Chapman</a>, the director of Harvard's Loeb Drama Center.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> He graduated <a href="/wiki/Summa_cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Summa cum laude">summa cum laude</a> in 1954 with a degree in English and was elected to <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-boswell-8">[8]</a> Upon graduation, Updike attended the <a href="/wiki/Ruskin_School_of_Art" title="Ruskin School of Art">Ruskin School of Art</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> with the ambition of becoming a <a href="/wiki/Cartoonist" title="Cartoonist">cartoonist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> After returning to the United States, Updike and his family moved to New York, where he became a regular contributor to <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. This was the beginning of his professional writing career.<a href="#cite_note-boswell-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_as_a_writer">Career as a writer</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career as a writer">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950s">1950s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1950s">edit</a>]</div> Updike stayed at The New Yorker as a full staff writer for only two years, writing "Talk of the Town" columns and submitting poetry and short stories to the magazine. In New York, Updike wrote the poems and stories that came to fill his early books like <a href="/wiki/The_Carpentered_Hen" class="mw-redirect" title="The Carpentered Hen">The Carpentered Hen</a> (1958) and <a href="/wiki/The_Same_Door" title="The Same Door">The Same Door</a> (1959). These works were influenced by Updike's early engagement with The New Yorker.<a href="#cite_note-boswell-8">[8]</a> This early work also featured the influence of <a href="/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger">J. D. Salinger</a> ("<a href="/wiki/A%26P_(story)" class="mw-redirect" title="A&P (story)">A&P</a>"); <a href="/wiki/John_Cheever" title="John Cheever">John Cheever</a> ("Snowing in Greenwich Village"); and the <a href="/wiki/Modernist_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist literature">Modernists</a> <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Marcel Proust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Green" title="Henry Green">Henry Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-boswell-8">[8]</a> During this time, Updike underwent a profound spiritual crisis. Suffering from a loss of religious faith, he began reading <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a> and the theologian <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Karl Barth</a>. Both deeply influenced his own religious beliefs, which in turn figured prominently in his fiction.<a href="#cite_note-boswell-8">[8]</a> He believed in Christianity for the remainder of his life. Updike said, "As to critics, it seems to be my fate to disappoint my theological friends by not being Christian enough, while I'm too Christian for <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a>'s blessing. So be it."<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s–1970s">1960s–1970s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1960s–1970s">edit</a>]</div> Later, Updike and his family relocated to <a href="/wiki/Ipswich,_Massachusetts" title="Ipswich, Massachusetts">Ipswich, Massachusetts</a>. Many commentators, including a columnist in the local Ipswich Chronicle, asserted that the fictional town of Tarbox in <a href="/wiki/Couples_(novel)" title="Couples (novel)">Couples</a> was based on Ipswich. Updike denied the suggestion in a letter to the paper.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Impressions of Updike's day-to-day life in Ipswich during the 1960s and 1970s are included in a letter to the same paper published soon after Updike's death and written by a friend and contemporary.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In Ipswich, Updike wrote <a href="/wiki/Rabbit,_Run" title="Rabbit, Run">Rabbit, Run</a> (1960), on a <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Fellowship" title="Guggenheim Fellowship">Guggenheim Fellowship</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Centaur" title="The Centaur">The Centaur</a> (1963), two of his most acclaimed and famous works; the latter won the <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nba1964-18">[18]</a> Rabbit, Run featured <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Angstrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbit Angstrom">Harry "Rabbit" Angstrom</a>, a former high school <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> star and middle-class paragon who would become Updike's most enduring and critically acclaimed character. Updike wrote three additional novels about him. Rabbit, Run was featured in <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>'s All-TIME 100 Greatest Novels.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_stories">Short stories</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Short stories">edit</a>]</div> Updike's career and reputation were nurtured and expanded by his long association with The New Yorker, which published him frequently throughout his career, despite the fact that he had departed the magazine's employment after only two years. Updike's memoir indicates that he stayed in his "corner of New England to give its domestic news" with a focus on the American home from the point of view of a male writer.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Updike's contract with the magazine gave it <a href="/wiki/Right_of_first_refusal" title="Right of first refusal">right of first offer</a> for his short-story manuscripts, but <a href="/wiki/William_Shawn" title="William Shawn">William Shawn</a>, The New Yorker's editor from 1952 to 1987, rejected several as too explicit.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The Maple short stories, collected in <a href="/wiki/Too_Far_To_Go" class="mw-redirect" title="Too Far To Go">Too Far To Go</a> (1979), reflected the ebb and flow of Updike's first marriage; "Separating" (1974) and "Here Come the Maples" (1976) related to his divorce. These stories also reflect the role of alcohol in 1970s America.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> They were the basis for the television movie also called Too Far To Go, broadcast by <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> in 1979. Updike's short stories were collected in several volumes published by Alfred A. Knopf over five decades. In 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_America" title="Library of America">Library of America</a> issued a two-volume boxed edition of 186 stories under the title The Collected Stories.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novels">Novels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Novels">edit</a>]</div> In 1971, Updike published a sequel to Rabbit, Run called <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Redux" title="Rabbit Redux">Rabbit Redux</a>, his response to the 1960s; Rabbit reflected much of Updike's resentment and hostility towards the social and political changes that beset the United States during that time.<a href="#cite_note-rose95-26">[26]</a> Updike's early Olinger period was set in the Pennsylvania of his youth; it ended around 1965 with the lyrical <a href="/wiki/Of_the_Farm" title="Of the Farm">Of the Farm</a>. After his early novels, Updike became most famous for his chronicling infidelity, adultery, and marital unrest, especially in suburban America; and for his controversial depiction of the confusion and freedom inherent in this breakdown of social mores.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> He once wrote that it was "a subject which, if I have not exhausted, has exhausted me". The most prominent of Updike's novels of this vein is <a href="/wiki/Couples_(novel)" title="Couples (novel)">Couples</a> (1968), a novel about adultery in a small fictional Massachusetts town called Tarbox. It garnered Updike an appearance on the cover of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine with the headline "The Adulterous Society". Both the magazine article and, to an extent, the novel struck a chord of national concern over whether American society was abandoning all social standards of conduct in sexual matters. <a href="/wiki/The_Coup_(Updike_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Coup (Updike novel)">The Coup</a> (1978), a lauded<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> novel about an African dictatorship inspired by a visit he made to Africa, found Updike working in new territory. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s–2000s">1980s–2000s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1980s–2000s">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Updike_with_Bushes_new.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/John_Updike_with_Bushes_new.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="223" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="223" /></a><figcaption>Updike in 1989</figcaption></figure> In 1980, he published another novel featuring Harry Angstrom, <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Is_Rich" title="Rabbit Is Rich">Rabbit Is Rich</a>, which won the <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a>,<a href="#cite_note-nba1982-29">[29]</a> the <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Critics_Circle" title="National Book Critics Circle">National Book Critics Circle</a> Award, and the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a>—all three major American literary prizes. The novel found "<a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Angstrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbit Angstrom">Rabbit</a> the fat and happy owner of a <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> dealership".<a href="#cite_note-boswell-8">[8]</a> Updike found it difficult to end the book, because he was "having so much fun" in the imaginary county Rabbit and his family inhabited.<a href="#cite_note-rose95-26">[26]</a> After writing Rabbit Is Rich, Updike published <a href="/wiki/The_Witches_of_Eastwick" title="The Witches of Eastwick">The Witches of Eastwick</a> (1984), a playful novel about witches living in <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>. He described it as an attempt to "make things right with my, what shall we call them, <a href="/wiki/Feminist_literary_criticism" title="Feminist literary criticism">feminist detractors</a>".<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> One of Updike's most popular novels, it was adapted as a <a href="/wiki/The_Witches_of_Eastwick_(film)" title="The Witches of Eastwick (film)">film</a> and included on <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a>'s list of canonical 20th-century literature (in <a href="/wiki/The_Western_Canon" title="The Western Canon">The Western Canon</a>).<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In 2008 Updike published <a href="/wiki/The_Widows_of_Eastwick" title="The Widows of Eastwick">The Widows of Eastwick</a>, a return to the witches in their old age. It was his last published novel. In 1986, he published the unconventional <a href="/wiki/Roger%27s_Version" title="Roger's Version">Roger's Version</a>, the second volume of the so-called Scarlet Letter trilogy, about an attempt to prove <a href="/wiki/Existence_of_God" title="Existence of God">God's existence</a> using a computer program. Author and critic <a href="/wiki/Martin_Amis" title="Martin Amis">Martin Amis</a> called it a "near-masterpiece".<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The novel S. (1989), uncharacteristically featuring a female protagonist, concluded Updike's reworking of <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter" title="The Scarlet Letter">The Scarlet Letter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-boswell-8">[8]</a> Updike enjoyed working in series; in addition to the Rabbit novels and the Maples stories, a recurrent Updike alter ego is the moderately well-known, unprolific <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> novelist and eventual <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize for Literature">Nobel laureate</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bech" title="Henry Bech">Henry Bech</a>, chronicled in three comic short-story cycles: <a href="/wiki/Bech,_a_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Bech, a Book">Bech, a Book</a> (1970), <a href="/wiki/Bech_Is_Back" class="mw-redirect" title="Bech Is Back">Bech Is Back</a> (1981) and <a href="/wiki/Bech_at_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bech at Bay">Bech at Bay</a>: A Quasi-Novel (1998). These stories were compiled as The Complete Henry Bech (2001) by Everyman's Library. Bech is a comical and self-conscious antithesis of Updike's own literary persona: Jewish, a World War II veteran, reclusive, and unprolific to a fault.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In 1990, he published the last Rabbit novel, <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_at_Rest" title="Rabbit at Rest">Rabbit at Rest</a>, which won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the National Book Critics Circle Award. Over 500 pages long, the novel is among Updike's most celebrated. In 2000, Updike included the novella <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Remembered" title="Rabbit Remembered">Rabbit Remembered</a> in his collection Licks of Love, drawing the Rabbit saga to a close. His Pulitzers for the last two Rabbit novels make Updike one of only four writers to have won two Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction, the others being <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Booth_Tarkington" title="Booth Tarkington">Booth Tarkington</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colson_Whitehead" title="Colson Whitehead">Colson Whitehead</a>. In 1995, <a href="/wiki/Everyman%27s_Library" title="Everyman's Library">Everyman's Library</a> collected and canonized the four novels as the omnibus Rabbit Angstrom; Updike wrote an introduction in which he described Rabbit as "a ticket to the America all around me. What I saw through Rabbit's eyes was more worth telling than what I saw through my own, though the difference was often slight."<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Updike later called Rabbit "a brother to me, and a good friend. He opened me up as a writer."<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> After the publication of Rabbit at Rest, Updike spent the rest of the 1990s and early 2000s publishing novels in a wide range of genres; the work of this period was frequently experimental in nature.<a href="#cite_note-boswell-8">[8]</a> These styles included the historical fiction of <a href="/wiki/Memories_of_the_Ford_Administration" title="Memories of the Ford Administration">Memories of the Ford Administration</a> (1992), the <a href="/wiki/Magical_realism" title="Magical realism">magical realism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brazil_(novel)" title="Brazil (novel)">Brazil</a> (1994), the science fiction of <a href="/wiki/Toward_the_End_of_Time" title="Toward the End of Time">Toward the End of Time</a> (1997), the <a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">postmodernism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_and_Claudius" title="Gertrude and Claudius">Gertrude and Claudius</a> (2000), and the <a href="/wiki/Experimental_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Experimental fiction">experimental fiction</a> of Seek My Face (2002). In the midst of these, he wrote what was for him a more conventional novel, <a href="/wiki/In_the_Beauty_of_the_Lilies" title="In the Beauty of the Lilies">In the Beauty of the Lilies</a> (1996), a historical saga spanning several generations and exploring themes of religion and cinema in America. It is considered the most successful novel of Updike's late career.<a href="#cite_note-boswell-8">[8]</a> Some critics have predicted that posterity may consider the novel a "late masterpiece overlooked or praised by rote in its day, only to be rediscovered by another generation",<a href="#cite_note-gopnik-36">[36]</a> while others, though appreciating the English mastery in the book, thought it overly dense with minute detail and swamped by its scenic depictions and spiritual malaise.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In Villages (2004), Updike returned to the familiar territory of infidelities in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>. His 22nd novel, <a href="/wiki/Terrorist_(novel)" title="Terrorist (novel)">Terrorist</a> (2006), the story of a fervent young <a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">extremist Muslim</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, garnered media attention but little critical praise.<a href="#cite_note-boswell-8">[8]</a> In 2003, Updike published <a href="/wiki/The_Early_Stories:_1953%E2%80%931975" title="The Early Stories: 1953–1975">The Early Stories</a>, a large collection of his short fiction spanning the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s. More than 800 pages long, with over one hundred stories, it has been called "a richly episodic and lyrical <a href="/wiki/Bildungsroman" title="Bildungsroman">Bildungsroman</a> ... in which Updike traces the trajectory from adolescence, college, <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">married life</a>, fatherhood, separation and divorce".<a href="#cite_note-boswell-8">[8]</a> It won the <a href="/wiki/PEN/Faulkner_Award_for_Fiction" title="PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction">PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction</a> in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> This lengthy volume nevertheless excluded several stories found in his short-story collections of the same period. Updike worked in a wide array of genres, including fiction, poetry (most of it compiled in Collected Poems: 1953–1993, 1993), essays (collected in nine separate volumes), a play (Buchanan Dying, 1974), and a memoir (Self-Consciousness, 1989). At the end of his life, Updike was working on a novel about <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">St. Paul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Christianity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life and death">edit</a>]</div> Biographer <a href="/wiki/Adam_Begley" title="Adam Begley">Adam Begley</a> wrote that Updike "transmuted the minutiae of his life" in prose, which enriched his readers at the cost of being "willing to sacrifice the happiness of people around him for his art".<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In 1953, while a student at Harvard, Updike married <a href="/wiki/Mary_Entwistle_Pennington" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Entwistle Pennington">Mary Entwistle Pennington</a>, an art student at <a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_College" title="Radcliffe College">Radcliffe College</a> and daughter of a prominent Unitarian minister.<a href="#cite_note-:0-42">[42]</a> She accompanied him to <a href="/wiki/Oxford,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford, England">Oxford</a>, England, where she attended art school and their first child, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Updike_Cobblah" title="Elizabeth Updike Cobblah">Elizabeth</a>, was born in 1955. The couple had three more children together: <a href="/wiki/David_Updike" title="David Updike">David</a> (born 1957), Michael (born 1959), and Miranda (born 1960). Updike was serially unfaithful, and eventually left the marriage in 1974 for <a href="/wiki/Martha_Ruggles_Bernhard" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha Ruggles Bernhard">Martha Ruggles Bernhard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-42">[42]</a> In 1977, Updike and Bernhard married. In 1982, his first wife married an <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> academic. Updike and Bernhard lived for more than 30 years in <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Farms" title="Beverly Farms">Beverly Farms</a>, Massachusetts. Updike had three stepsons through Bernhard.<a href="#cite_note-Lehmann-Haupt-43">[43]</a> He died of lung cancer at a hospice in <a href="/wiki/Danvers,_Massachusetts" title="Danvers, Massachusetts">Danvers, Massachusetts</a>, on January 27, 2009, at age 76.<a href="#cite_note-SSDI-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-death-45">[45]</a> He was survived by his wife, his four children, three stepsons, his first wife, and seven grandchildren and seven step-grandchildren.<a href="#cite_note-Lehmann-Haupt-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poetry">Poetry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Poetry">edit</a>]</div> Updike published eight volumes of poetry over his career, including his first book <a href="/wiki/The_Carpentered_Hen" class="mw-redirect" title="The Carpentered Hen">The Carpentered Hen</a> (1958), and one of his last, the posthumous Endpoint (2009). The New Yorker published excerpts of Endpoint in its March 16, 2009 issue. Much of Updike's poetical output was recollected in <a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Knopf's</a> Collected Poems (1993). He wrote that "I began as a writer of <a href="/wiki/Light_verse" class="mw-redirect" title="Light verse">light verse</a>, and have tried to carry over into my serious or lyric verse something of the strictness and liveliness of the lesser form."<a href="#cite_note-poetryfoundation-46">[46]</a> The poet <a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Disch" title="Thomas M. Disch">Thomas M. Disch</a> noted that because Updike was such a well-known novelist, his poetry "could be mistaken as a hobby or a foible"; Disch saw Updike's light verse instead as a poetry of "epigrammatical lucidity".<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> His poetry has been praised for its engagement with "a variety of forms and topics", its "wit and precision", and for its depiction of topics familiar to American readers.<a href="#cite_note-poetryfoundation-46">[46]</a> British poet <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Ewart" title="Gavin Ewart">Gavin Ewart</a> praised Updike for the metaphysical quality of his poetry and for his ability "to make the ordinary seem strange", and called him one of the few modern novelists capable of writing good poetry.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Reading Endpoint aloud, the critic Charles McGrath claimed that he found "another, deeper music" in Updike's poetry, finding that Updike's wordplay "smooths and elides itself" and has many subtle "sound effects".<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> John Keenan, who praised the collection Endpoint as "beautiful and poignant", noted that his poetry's engagement with "the everyday world in a technically accomplished manner seems to count against him".<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_criticism_and_art_criticism">Literary criticism and art criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Literary criticism and art criticism">edit</a>]</div> Updike was also a critic of <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_criticism" title="Art criticism">art</a>, one frequently cited as one of the best American critics of his generation.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In the introduction to Picked-Up Pieces, his 1975 collection of prose, he listed his personal rules for literary criticism: <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Updike_29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Updike_29.jpg/200px-Updike_29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Updike_29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="226" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>Updike delivering the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Lecture" title="Jefferson Lecture">Jefferson Lecture</a></figcaption></figure> <blockquote> <ol><li>Try to understand what the author wished to do, and do not blame him for not achieving what he did not attempt.</li> <li>Give enough direct quotation—at least one extended passage—of the book's prose so the review's reader can form his own impression, can get his own taste.</li> <li>Confirm your description of the book with quotation from the book, if only phrase-long, rather than proceeding by fuzzy précis.</li> <li>Go easy on plot summary, and do not give away the ending.</li> <li>If the book is judged deficient, cite a successful example along the same lines, from the author's œuvre or elsewhere. Try to understand the failure. Sure it's his and not yours?</li></ol> To these concrete five might be added a vaguer sixth, having to do with maintaining a chemical purity in the reaction between product and appraiser. Do not accept for review a book you are predisposed to dislike, or committed by friendship to like. Do not imagine yourself a caretaker of any tradition, an enforcer of any party standards, a warrior in any ideological battle, a corrections officer of any kind. Never, never ... try to put the author "in his place," making of him a pawn in a contest with other reviewers. Review the book, not the reputation. Submit to whatever spell, weak or strong, is being cast. Better to praise and share than blame and ban. The communion between reviewer and his public is based upon the presumption of certain possible joys of reading, and all our discriminations should curve toward that end.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></blockquote> He reviewed "nearly every major writer of the 20th century and some 19th-century authors", typically in The New Yorker, always trying to make his reviews "animated".<a href="#cite_note-rourke-53">[53]</a> He also championed young writers, comparing them to his own literary heroes including <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Marcel Proust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Good reviews from Updike were often seen as a significant achievement in terms of literary reputation and even sales; some of his positive reviews helped jump-start the careers of such younger writers as <a href="/wiki/Erica_Jong" title="Erica Jong">Erica Jong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mallon" title="Thomas Mallon">Thomas Mallon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Safran_Foer" title="Jonathan Safran Foer">Jonathan Safran Foer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mighty_pen-55">[55]</a> Bad reviews by Updike sometimes caused controversy,<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> as when in late 2008 he gave a "damning" review of <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/A_Mercy" title="A Mercy">A Mercy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Updike was praised for his literary criticism's conventional simplicity and profundity, for being an <a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">aestheticist</a> critic who saw literature on its own terms, and for his longtime commitment to the practice of literary criticism.<a href="#cite_note-mason-59">[59]</a> Much of Updike's art criticism appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a>, where he often wrote about <a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">American art</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> His art criticism involved an aestheticism like that of his literary criticism.<a href="#cite_note-mason-59">[59]</a> Updike's 2008 <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Lecture" title="Jefferson Lecture">Jefferson Lecture</a>, "The Clarity of Things: What's American About American Art?", dealt with the uniqueness of American art from the 18th century to the 20th.<a href="#cite_note-neh-61">[61]</a> In the lecture he argued that American art, until the <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">expressionist movement</a> of the 20th century in which America declared its artistic "independence", is characterized by an insecurity not found in the artistic tradition of <a href="/wiki/European_art" class="mw-redirect" title="European art">Europe</a>. In Updike's own words:<a href="#cite_note-howard-62">[62]</a> <blockquote>Two centuries after <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)" title="Jonathan Edwards (theologian)">Jonathan Edwards</a> sought a link with the divine in the beautiful clarity of things, <a href="/wiki/William_Carlos_Williams" title="William Carlos Williams">William Carlos Williams</a> wrote in introducing his long poem <a href="/wiki/Paterson_(poem)" title="Paterson (poem)">Paterson</a> that "for the poet there are no ideas but in things." No ideas but in things. The American artist, first born into a continent without museums and art schools, took Nature as his only instructor, and things as his principal study. A bias toward the empirical, toward the evidential object in the numinous fullness of its being, leads to a certain lininess, as the artist intently maps the visible in a New World that feels surrounded by chaos and emptiness.<a href="#cite_note-neh-61">[61]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_reputation_and_style">Critical reputation and style</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Critical reputation and style">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:200; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> He is certainly one of the great American novelists of the 20th century. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/Martin_Amis" title="Martin Amis">Martin Amis</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></cite> </div> Updike is considered one of the greatest American fiction writers of his generation.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> He was widely praised as America's "last true man of letters", with an immense and far-reaching influence on many writers.<a href="#cite_note-mighty_pen-55">[55]</a> The excellence of his prose style is acknowledged even by critics skeptical of other aspects of Updike's work.<a href="#cite_note-clc-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-karshan-65">[65]</a> Several scholars have called attention to the importance of place, and especially of southeast <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, in Updike's life and work. Bob Batchelor has described "Updike's Pennsylvania sensibility" as one with profound reaches that transcend time and place, such that in his writing, he used "Pennsylvania as a character" that went beyond geographic or political boundaries.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> SA Zylstra has compared Updike's Pennsylvania to Faulkner's Mississippi: "As with the Mississippi of Faulkner's novels, the world of Updike's novels is fictional (as are such towns as Olinger and Brewer), while at the same time it is recognizable as a particular American region."<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Sanford Pinsker observes that "Updike always felt a bit out of place" in places like "Ipswich, Massachusetts, where he lived for most of his life. In his heart—and, more important, in his imagination—Updike remained a staunchly Pennsylvania boy."<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Similarly, Sylvie Mathé maintains that "Updike's most memorable legacy appears to be his homage to Pennsylvania."<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Critics emphasize his "inimitable prose style" and "rich description and language", often favorably compared to <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Proust</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Nabokov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-clc-4">[4]</a> Some critics consider the fluency of his prose to be a fault, questioning the intellectual depth and thematic seriousness of his work given the polish of his language and the perceived lightness of his themes, while others criticized Updike for <a href="/wiki/Misogynistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Misogynistic">misogynistic</a> depictions of women and sexual relationships.<a href="#cite_note-clc-4">[4]</a> Other critics argue that Updike's "dense vocabulary and <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntax</a> functions as a distancing technique to mediate the intellectual and emotional involvement of the reader".<a href="#cite_note-clc-4">[4]</a> On the whole, however, Updike is extremely well regarded as a writer who mastered many genres, wrote with intellectual vigor and a powerful prose style, with "shrewd insight into the sorrows, frustrations, and banality of American life".<a href="#cite_note-clc-4">[4]</a> Updike's character <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Angstrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbit Angstrom">Harry "Rabbit" Angstrom</a>, the protagonist of the series of novels widely considered his magnum opus, has been said to have "entered the pantheon of signal American literary figures", along with <a href="/wiki/Huckleberry_Finn_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huckleberry Finn (character)">Huckleberry Finn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Gatsby" title="Jay Gatsby">Jay Gatsby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holden_Caulfield" title="Holden Caulfield">Holden Caulfield</a> and others.<a href="#cite_note-lehmann-70">[70]</a> A 2002 list by Book magazine of the 100 Best Fictional Characters Since 1900 listed Rabbit in the top five.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The Rabbit novels, the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bech" title="Henry Bech">Henry Bech</a> stories, and the Maples stories have been <a href="/wiki/Western_canon" title="Western canon">canonized</a> by <a href="/wiki/Everyman%27s_Library" title="Everyman's Library">Everyman's Library</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> After Updike's death, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Library" title="Houghton Library">Houghton Library</a> acquired his papers, manuscripts, and letters, naming the collection the John Updike Archive.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> 2009 also saw the founding of the John Updike Society,<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> a group of scholars dedicated to "awakening and sustaining reader interest in the literature and life of John Updike, promoting literature written by Updike, and fostering and encouraging critical responses to Updike's literary works". The Society will begin publishing The John Updike Review, a journal of critical scholarship in the field of Updike studies. The John Updike Society First Biennial Conference took place in 2010 at <a href="/wiki/Alvernia_University" title="Alvernia University">Alvernia University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Eulogizing Updike in January 2009, the British novelist <a href="/wiki/Ian_McEwan" title="Ian McEwan">Ian McEwan</a> wrote that Updike's "literary schemes and pretty conceits touched at points on the Shakespearean", and that Updike's death marked "the end of the golden age of the American novel in the 20th century's second half". McEwan said the Rabbit series is Updike's "masterpiece and will surely be his monument", and concluded: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Updike is a master of effortless motion—between third and first person, from the metaphorical density of literary prose to the demotic, from specific detail to wide generalisation, from the actual to the numinous, from the scary to the comic. For his own particular purposes, Updike devised for himself a style of narration, an intense, present tense, free indirect style, that can leap up, whenever it wants, to a God's-eye view of Harry, or the view of his put-upon wife, Janice, or victimised son, Nelson. This carefully crafted artifice permits here assumptions about evolutionary theory, which are more Updike than Harry, and comically sweeping notions of Jewry, which are more Harry than Updike. This is at the heart of the tetralogy's achievement. Updike once said of the Rabbit books that they were an exercise in point of view. This was typically self-deprecating, but contains an important grain of truth. Harry's education extends no further than high school, and his view is further limited by a range of prejudices and a stubborn, combative spirit, yet he is the vehicle for a half-million-word meditation on postwar American anxiety, failure and prosperity. A mode had to be devised to make this possible, and that involved pushing beyond the bounds of <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">realism</a>. In a novel like this, Updike insisted, you have to be generous and allow your characters eloquence, "and not chop them down to what you think is the right size."<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Raban" title="Jonathan Raban">Jonathan Raban</a>, highlighting many of the virtues that have been ascribed to Updike's prose, called <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_at_Rest" title="Rabbit at Rest">Rabbit at Rest</a> "one of the very few modern novels in English ... that one can set beside the work of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Dickens</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Makepeace_Thackeray" title="William Makepeace Thackeray">Thackeray</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Eliot" title="George Eliot">George Eliot</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">Joyce</a>, and not feel the draft ... It is a book that works by a steady accumulation of a mass of brilliant details, of shades and nuances, of the byplay between one sentence and the next, and no short review can properly honor its intricacy and richness."<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> The novelist <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a>, considered one of Updike's chief literary rivals,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> wrote, "John Updike is our time's greatest man of letters, as brilliant a literary critic and essayist as he was a novelist and short story writer. He is and always will be no less a national treasure than his 19th-century precursor, <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>."<a href="#cite_note-lehmann-70">[70]</a> The noted critic <a href="/wiki/James_Wood_(critic)" title="James Wood (critic)">James Wood</a> called Updike "a prose writer of great beauty, but that prose confronts one with the question of whether beauty is enough, and whether beauty always conveys all that a novelist must convey".<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In a review of Licks of Love (2001), Wood concluded that Updike's "prose trusses things in very pretty ribbons" but that there often exists in his work a "hard, coarse, primitive, misogynistic worldview". Wood both praised and criticized Updike's language for having "an essayistic saunter; the language lifts itself up on pretty hydraulics, and hovers slightly above its subjects, generally a little too accomplished and a little too abstract". According to Wood, Updike is capable of writing "the perfect sentence" and his style is characterized by a "delicate deferral" of the sentence. Of the beauty of Updike's language and his faith in the power of language that floats above reality, Wood wrote: <blockquote>For some time now Updike's language has seemed to encode an almost theological optimism about its capacity to refer. Updike is notably unmodern in his impermeability to silence and the interruptions of the abyss. For all his fabled <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>, both American <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a>-<a href="/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Barthian</a>, with its cold glitter, its insistence on the aching gap between God and His creatures, Updike seems less like Hawthorne than <a href="/wiki/Balzac" class="mw-redirect" title="Balzac">Balzac</a>, in his unstopping and limitless energy, and his cheerfully professional belief that stories can be continued; the very form of the Rabbit books—<a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Remembered" title="Rabbit Remembered">here extended a further instance</a>—suggests continuance. Updike does not appear to believe that words ever fail us—'life's gallant, battered ongoingness ', indeed—and part of the difficulty he has run into, late in his career, is that he shows no willingness, verbally, to acknowledge silence, failure, interruption, loss of faith, despair and so on. Supremely, better than almost any other contemporary writer, he can always describe these feelings and states; but they are not inscribed in the language itself. Updike's language, for all that it gestures towards the usual range of human disappointment and collapse, testifies instead to its own uncanny success: to a belief that the world can always be brought out of its cloudiness and made clear in a fair season.<a href="#cite_note-wood-80">[80]</a></blockquote> In direct contrast to Wood's evaluation, the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford</a> critic Thomas Karshan asserted that Updike is "intensely intellectual", with a style that constitutes his "manner of thought" not merely "a set of dainty curlicues". Karshan calls Updike an inheritor of the "traditional role of the epic writer". According to Karshan, "Updike's writing picks up one voice, joins its cadence, and moves on to another, like Rabbit himself, driving south through radio zones on his flight away from his wife and child." Disagreeing with Wood's critique of Updike's alleged over-stylization, Karshan evaluates Updike's language as convincingly naturalistic: <blockquote>Updike's sentences at their frequent best are not a complacent expression of faith. Rather, like Proust's sentences in Updike's description, they "seek an essence so fine the search itself is an act of faith." Updike aspires to "this sense of self-qualification, the kind of timid reverence towards what exists that <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9zanne" class="mw-redirect" title="Cézanne">Cézanne</a> shows when he grapples for the shape and shade of a fruit through a mist of delicate stabs." Their hesitancy and self-qualification arise as they meet obstacles, readjust and pass on. If life is bountiful in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, it is also evasive and easily missed. In the stories Updike tells, marriages and homes are made only to be broken. His descriptiveness embodies a promiscuous love for everything in the world. But love is precarious, Updike is always saying, since it thrives on obstructions and makes them if it cannot find them.<a href="#cite_note-karshan-65">[65]</a></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a> once called Updike "a minor novelist with a major style. A quite beautiful and very considerable stylist ... He specializes in the easier pleasures."<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Bloom also edited an important collection of <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">critical</a> essays on Updike in 1987, in which he concluded that Updike possessed a major style and was capable of writing beautiful sentences which are "beyond praise"; nevertheless, Bloom went on, "the American sublime will never touch his pages".<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> On <a href="/wiki/The_Dick_Cavett_Show" title="The Dick Cavett Show">The Dick Cavett Show</a> in 1981, the novelist and short-story writer <a href="/wiki/John_Cheever" title="John Cheever">John Cheever</a> was asked why he did not write book reviews and what he would say if given the chance to review <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Is_Rich" title="Rabbit Is Rich">Rabbit Is Rich</a>. He replied: <blockquote>The reason I didn't review the book is that it perhaps would have taken me three weeks. My appreciation of it is that diverse and that complicated ... John is perhaps the only contemporary writer who I know now who gives me the sense of the fact that life is—the life that we perform is in an environment that enjoys a grandeur that escapes us. <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Angstrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbit Angstrom">Rabbit</a> is very much possessed of a <a href="/wiki/Paradise_lost" class="mw-redirect" title="Paradise lost">paradise lost</a>, of a paradise known fleetingly perhaps through <a href="/wiki/Eroticism" title="Eroticism">erotic</a> love and a paradise that he pursues through his children. It's the vastness of John's scope that I would have described if I could through a review.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/The_Fiction_Circus" title="The Fiction Circus">The Fiction Circus</a>, an online and <a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> <a href="/wiki/Literary_magazine" title="Literary magazine">literary magazine</a>, called Updike one of the "four <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Novel" title="Great American Novel">Great American Novelists</a>" of his time along with Philip Roth, <a href="/wiki/Cormac_McCarthy" title="Cormac McCarthy">Cormac McCarthy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Don_DeLillo" title="Don DeLillo">Don DeLillo</a>, each jokingly represented as a sign of the <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">Zodiac</a>. Furthermore, Updike was seen as the "best prose writer in the world", like Nabokov before him. But in contrast to many literati and establishment obituaries, the Circus asserted that nobody "thought of Updike as a vital writer".<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Gopnik" title="Adam Gopnik">Adam Gopnik</a> of The New Yorker evaluated Updike as "the first American writer since <a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry James</a> to get himself fully expressed, the man who broke the curse of incompleteness that had haunted American writing ... He sang like Henry James, but he saw like <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a>. The two sides of American fiction—the precise, realist, encyclopedic appetite to get it all in, and the exquisite urge to make writing out of sensation rendered exactly—were both alive in him."<a href="#cite_note-gopnik-36">[36]</a> The critic <a href="/wiki/James_Wolcott" title="James Wolcott">James Wolcott</a>, in a review of Updike's last novel, <a href="/wiki/The_Widows_of_Eastwick" title="The Widows of Eastwick">The Widows of Eastwick</a> (2008), noted that Updike's penchant for observing America's decline is coupled with an affirmation of America's ultimate merits: "Updike elegises entropy American-style with a resigned, paternal, disappointed affection that distinguishes his fiction from that of grimmer declinists: Don DeLillo, Gore Vidal, Philip Roth. America may have lost its looks and stature, but it was a beauty once, and worth every golden dab of sperm."<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gore_Vidal" title="Gore Vidal">Gore Vidal</a>, in a controversial essay in the <a href="/wiki/Times_Literary_Supplement" class="mw-redirect" title="Times Literary Supplement">Times Literary Supplement</a>, professed to have "never taken Updike seriously as a writer". He criticizes his political and aesthetic worldview for its "blandness and acceptance of authority in any form". He concludes that Updike "describes to no purpose". In reference to Updike's wide establishment acclaim, Vidal mockingly called him "our good child" and excoriated his alleged political conservatism. Vidal ultimately concluded, "Updike's work is more and more representative of that polarizing within a state where Authority grows ever more brutal and malign while its hired hands in the media grow ever more excited as the holy war of the few against the many heats up."<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Silvers" title="Robert B. Silvers">Robert B. Silvers</a>, editor of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a>, called Updike "one of the most elegant and coolly observant writers of his generation".<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The short-story writer <a href="/wiki/Lorrie_Moore" title="Lorrie Moore">Lorrie Moore</a>, who once called Updike "American literature's greatest short story writer ... and arguably our greatest writer",<a href="#cite_note-rourke-53">[53]</a> reviewed Updike's body of short stories in The New York Review, praising their intricate detail and rich imagery: "his eye and his prose never falter, even when the world fails to send its more socially complicated revelations directly his story's way".<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In her work on Updike, <a href="/wiki/Biljana_Doj%C4%8Dinovi%C4%87" title="Biljana Dojčinović">Biljana Dojčinović</a> has argued that his short story collection <a href="/wiki/The_Afterlife_and_Other_Stories" title="The Afterlife and Other Stories">The Afterlife and Other Stories</a> is a pivotal work that demonstrates a change in his writing on feminism.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Updike's array of awards includes two <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction</a>, two <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Awards</a>, three <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Critics_Circle" title="National Book Critics Circle">National Book Critics Circle</a> awards, the 1989 <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a>, the 2003 <a href="/wiki/National_Humanities_Medal" title="National Humanities Medal">National Humanities Medal</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Rea_Award_for_the_Short_Story" title="Rea Award for the Short Story">Rea Award for the Short Story</a> for outstanding achievement. The <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a> selected Updike to present the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Lecture" title="Jefferson Lecture">Jefferson Lecture</a>, the U.S. government's highest <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a> honor; Updike's lecture was titled "The Clarity of Things: What Is American about American Art".<a href="#cite_note-howard-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-art-90">[90]</a> In November 2008, the editors of the UK's <a href="/wiki/Literary_Review" title="Literary Review">Literary Review</a> magazine awarded Updike their Bad Sex in Fiction <a href="/wiki/Lifetime_Achievement_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifetime Achievement Award">Lifetime Achievement Award</a>, which celebrates "crude, tasteless or ridiculous sexual passages in modern literature".<a href="#cite_note-art-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Themes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:200; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> All in all this is the happiest fucking country the world has ever seen. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Angstrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbit Angstrom">Rabbit Angstrom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></cite> </div> The principal themes in Updike's work are religion, sex, America,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> and death.<a href="#cite_note-bellis-93">[93]</a> He often combined them, especially in his favored terrain of "the American small town, Protestant middle class", of which he once said, "I like middles. It is in middles that extremes clash, where ambiguity restlessly rules."<a href="#cite_note-lehmann-70">[70]</a> For example, the decline of religion in America is chronicled in <a href="/wiki/In_the_Beauty_of_the_Lilies" title="In the Beauty of the Lilies">In the Beauty of the Lilies</a> (1996) alongside the history of cinema, and Rabbit Angstrom contemplates the merits of sex with the wife of his friend Reverend Jack Eccles while the latter is giving his sermon in <a href="/wiki/Rabbit,_Run" title="Rabbit, Run">Rabbit, Run</a> (1960). Critics have often noted that Updike imbued language itself with a kind of faith in its efficacy, and that his tendency to construct narratives spanning many years and books—the Rabbit series, the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bech" title="Henry Bech">Henry Bech</a> series, Eastwick, the Maples stories—demonstrates a similar faith in the transcendent power of fiction and language.<a href="#cite_note-wood-80">[80]</a> Updike's novels often act as <a href="/wiki/Dialectic" title="Dialectic">dialectical</a> <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theological</a> debates between the book itself and the reader, the novel endowed with theological beliefs meant to challenge the reader as the plot runs its course.<a href="#cite_note-schiff-3">[3]</a> Rabbit Angstrom himself acts as a <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaardian</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of Faith">Knight of Faith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-boswell-8">[8]</a> Describing his purpose in writing prose in the introduction to his Early Stories: 1953–1975 (2004), Updike wrote that his aim was always "to give the mundane its beautiful due".<a href="#cite_note-earlystories-5">[5]</a> Elsewhere he famously said, "When I write, I aim my mind not towards New York City but towards a vague spot east of <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>."<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Some have suggested<a href="#cite_note-karshan-65">[65]</a> that the "best statement of Updike's aesthetic comes in his early memoir 'The Dogwood Tree'" (1962): "Blankness is not emptiness; we may skate upon an intense radiance we do not see because we see nothing else. And in fact there is a color, a quiet but tireless goodness that things at rest, like a brick wall or a small stone, seem to affirm."<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sex">Sex</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sex">edit</a>]</div> Sex in Updike's work is noted for its ubiquity and the reverence with which he described it: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">His contemporaries invade the ground with wild <a href="/wiki/Dionysian" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionysian">Dionysian</a> yelps, mocking both the taboos that would make it forbidden and the lust that drives men to it. Updike can be honest about it, and his descriptions of the sight, taste and texture of women's bodies can be perfect little madrigals.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></blockquote> The critic Edward Champion notes that Updike's prose heavily favors "external sexual imagery" rife with "explicit anatomical detail" rather than descriptions of "internal emotion" in descriptions of sex.<a href="#cite_note-batsegundo-97">[97]</a> In Champion's interview with Updike on The Bat Segundo Show, Updike replied that he perhaps favored such imagery to concretize and make sex "real" in his prose.<a href="#cite_note-batsegundo-97">[97]</a> Another sexual theme commonly addressed in Updike is <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adultery</a>, especially in a suburban, middle class setting, most famously in <a href="/wiki/Couples_(novel)" title="Couples (novel)">Couples</a> (1968). The Updikean narrator is often "a man guilty of infidelity and abandonment of his family".<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> Similarly, Updike wrote about America with a certain nostalgia, reverence, and recognition and celebration of America's broad diversity. <a href="/wiki/ZZ_Packer" title="ZZ Packer">ZZ Packer</a> wrote that in Updike, "there seemed a strange ability to harken both America the Beautiful as well as America the Plain Jane, and the lovely <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> backbone in his fiction and essays, when he decided to show it off, was as progressive and enlightened as it was unapologetic."<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The Rabbit novels in particular can be viewed, according to <a href="/wiki/Julian_Barnes" title="Julian Barnes">Julian Barnes</a>, as "a distraction from, and a glittering confirmation of, the vast bustling ordinariness of American life".<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> But as Updike celebrated ordinary America, he also alluded to its decline: at times, he was "so clearly disturbed by the downward spin of America".<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Adam Gopnik concludes that "Updike's great subject was the American attempt to fill the gap left by faith with the materials produced by mass culture. He documented how the death of a credible religious belief has been offset by sex and adultery and movies and sports and <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyotas</a> and family love and family obligation. For Updike, this effort was blessed, and very nearly successful."<a href="#cite_note-gopnik-36">[36]</a> Updike's novels about America almost always contain references to political events of the time. In this sense, they are artifacts of their historical eras, showing how national leaders shape and define their times. The lives of ordinary citizens take place against this wider background. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> Updike often wrote about death, his characters providing a "mosaic of reactions" to mortality, ranging from terror to attempts at insulation.<a href="#cite_note-bellis-93">[93]</a> In <a href="/wiki/The_Poorhouse_Fair" title="The Poorhouse Fair">The Poorhouse Fair</a> (1959), the elderly John Hook intones, "There is no goodness without belief ... And if you have not believed, at the end of your life you shall know you have buried your talent in the ground of this world and have nothing saved, to take into the next", demonstrating a religious, metaphysical faith present in much of Updike's work. For <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Angstrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbit Angstrom">Rabbit Angstrom</a>, with his constant musings on mortality, his near-witnessing of his daughter's death, and his often shaky faith, death is more frightening and less obvious in its ramifications. At the end of Rabbit at Rest (1990), though, Rabbit demonstrates a kind of certainty, telling his son Nelson on his deathbed, "... But enough. Maybe. Enough." In <a href="/wiki/The_Centaur" title="The Centaur">The Centaur</a> (1963), George Caldwell has no religious faith and is afraid of his cancer.<a href="#cite_note-bellis-93">[93]</a> Death can also be a sort of unseen terror; it "occurs offstage but reverberates for survivors as an absent presence".<a href="#cite_note-bellis-93">[93]</a> Updike himself also experienced a "crisis over the afterlife", and indeed <blockquote>many of his heroes shared the same sort of existential fears the author acknowledged he had suffered as a young man: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bech" title="Henry Bech">Henry Bech</a>'s concern that he was 'a fleck of dust condemned to know it is a fleck of dust,' or Colonel Ellelloû's lament that 'we will be forgotten, all of us forgotten.' Their fear of death threatens to make everything they do feel meaningless, and it also sends them running after God—looking for some reassurance that there is something beyond the familiar, everyday world with 'its signals and buildings and cars and bricks.'<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></blockquote> Updike demonstrated his own fear in some of his more personal writings, including the poem "Perfection Wasted" (1990): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> And another regrettable thing about death is the ceasing of your own brand of magic ...<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Updike was featured on the cover of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> twice, on April 26, 1968, and again on October 18, 1982.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li> <li>Updike was the subject of a "closed book examination" by <a href="/wiki/Nicholson_Baker" title="Nicholson Baker">Nicholson Baker</a>, titled U and I (1991). Baker discusses his wish to meet Updike and become his golf partner.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li> <li>In 2000, Updike appeared as himself in <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a> episode "<a href="/wiki/Insane_Clown_Poppy" title="Insane Clown Poppy">Insane Clown Poppy</a>" at the Festival of Books.</li> <li>The main character portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a> in the film <a href="/wiki/8_Mile_(film)" title="8 Mile (film)">8 Mile</a> (2002) is nicknamed "Rabbit" and has some similarities to <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Angstrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbit Angstrom">Rabbit Angstrom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The <a href="/wiki/8_Mile_(soundtrack)" class="mw-redirect" title="8 Mile (soundtrack)">film's soundtrack</a> has a song titled "<a href="/wiki/Rabbit,_Run" title="Rabbit, Run">Rabbit Run</a>".</li> <li>Portraits of Updike drawn by the American caricaturist <a href="/wiki/David_Levine" title="David Levine">David Levine</a> appeared several times in The New York Review of Books.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li> <li>In 2022 and 2023, Updike was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Bryce_Pinkham" title="Bryce Pinkham">Bryce Pinkham</a> in episodes of the TV show <a href="/wiki/Julia_(2022_TV_series)#Cast_and_characters" title="Julia (2022 TV series)">Julia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/John_Updike_bibliography" title="John Updike bibliography">John Updike bibliography</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rabbit_novels">Rabbit novels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Rabbit novels">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit,_Run" title="Rabbit, Run">Rabbit, Run</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Redux" title="Rabbit Redux">Rabbit Redux</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Is_Rich" title="Rabbit Is Rich">Rabbit Is Rich</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_at_Rest" title="Rabbit at Rest">Rabbit at Rest</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Angstrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbit Angstrom">Rabbit Angstrom</a>: The Four Novels (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Remembered" title="Rabbit Remembered">Rabbit Remembered</a> (a novella in the collection Licks of Love) (2001)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bech_books">Bech books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bech books">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bech" title="Henry Bech">Henry Bech</a></div> <ul><li>Bech, a Book (1970)</li> <li>Bech Is Back (1982)</li> <li>Bech at Bay (1998)</li> <li>The Complete Henry Bech (2001)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buchanan_books">Buchanan books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Buchanan books">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Buchanan Dying (a play) (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memories_of_the_Ford_Administration" title="Memories of the Ford Administration">Memories of the Ford Administration</a> (a novel) (1992)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastwick_books">Eastwick books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Eastwick books">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Witches_of_Eastwick" title="The Witches of Eastwick">The Witches of Eastwick</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Widows_of_Eastwick" title="The Widows of Eastwick">The Widows of Eastwick</a> (2008)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Scarlet_Letter_trilogy">The Scarlet Letter trilogy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: The Scarlet Letter trilogy">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>A Month of Sundays (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger%27s_Version" title="Roger's Version">Roger's Version</a> (1986)</li> <li>S. (1988)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_novels">Other novels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other novels">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Poorhouse_Fair" title="The Poorhouse Fair">The Poorhouse Fair</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Centaur" title="The Centaur">The Centaur</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_the_Farm" title="Of the Farm">Of the Farm</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couples_(novel)" title="Couples (novel)">Couples</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marry_Me_(novel)" title="Marry Me (novel)">Marry Me</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Coup_(Updike_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Coup (Updike novel)">The Coup</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_(novel)" title="Brazil (novel)">Brazil</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Beauty_of_the_Lilies" title="In the Beauty of the Lilies">In the Beauty of the Lilies</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toward_the_End_of_Time" title="Toward the End of Time">Toward the End of Time</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_and_Claudius" title="Gertrude and Claudius">Gertrude and Claudius</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seek_My_Face" title="Seek My Face">Seek My Face</a> (2002)</li> <li>Villages (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_(novel)" title="Terrorist (novel)">Terrorist</a> (2006)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books_edited_by_Updike">Books edited by Updike</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Books edited by Updike">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_American_Short_Stories" title="The Best American Short Stories">The Best American Short Stories</a> (1984)</li> <li>The Binghamton Poems (2009)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_story_collections">Short story collections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Short story collections">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Same_Door" title="The Same Door">The Same Door</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_Feathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigeon Feathers">Pigeon Feathers</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olinger_Stories" title="Olinger Stories">Olinger Stories</a> (a selection) (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Music_School_(short_stories)" title="The Music School (short stories)">Music School: Short Stories</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museums_and_Women_and_Other_Stories" title="Museums and Women and Other Stories">Museums and Women and Other Stories</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problems_and_Other_Stories" title="Problems and Other Stories">Problems and Other Stories</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Too_Far_to_Go" title="Too Far to Go">Too Far to Go</a> (the Maples stories) (1979)</li> <li>Your Lover Just Called (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_Me_(short_story_collection)" title="Trust Me (short story collection)">Trust Me</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Afterlife_and_Other_Stories" title="The Afterlife and Other Stories">The Afterlife and Other Stories</a> (1994)</li> <li>The Best American Short Stories of the Century (editor) (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licks_of_Love:_Short_Stories_and_a_Sequel" title="Licks of Love: Short Stories and a Sequel">Licks of Love: Short Stories and a Sequel</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Early_Stories:_1953%E2%80%931975" title="The Early Stories: 1953–1975">The Early Stories: 1953–1975</a> (2003)</li> <li>Three Trips (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Father%27s_Tears_and_Other_Stories" title="My Father's Tears and Other Stories">My Father's Tears and Other Stories</a> (2009)</li> <li>The Maples Stories (2009)</li> <li>The Collected Stories, Volume 1: Collected Early Stories (2013)</li> <li>The Collected Stories, Volume 2: Collected Later Stories (2013)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetry_collections">Poetry collections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Poetry collections">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Carpentered_Hen" class="mw-redirect" title="The Carpentered Hen">The Carpentered Hen</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_Poles" title="Telephone Poles">Telephone Poles</a> (1963)</li> <li>A Child's Calendar - Poems (1965)</li> <li>Midpoint (1969)</li> <li>Dance of the Solids (1969)</li> <li>Tossing and Turning (1977)</li> <li>Facing Nature (1985)</li> <li>Collected Poems 1953–1993 (1993)</li> <li>Americana and Other Poems (2001)</li> <li>Endpoint and Other Poems (2009)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-fiction,_essays_and_criticism">Non-fiction, essays and criticism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Non-fiction, essays and criticism">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Assorted Prose (1965)</li> <li>Picked-Up Pieces (1975)</li> <li>Hugging The Shore (1983)</li> <li>Self-Consciousness: Memoirs (1989)</li> <li>Just Looking: Essays on Art (1989)</li> <li>Odd Jobs (1991)</li> <li>Golf Dreams: Writings on Golf (1996)</li> <li>More Matter (1999)</li> <li>Still Looking: Essays on American Art (2005)</li> <li>In Love with a Wanton: Essays on Golf (2005)</li> <li>Due Considerations: Essays and Criticism (2007)</li> <li>Hub Fans Bid Kid Adieu: John Updike on <a href="/wiki/Ted_Williams" title="Ted Williams">Ted Williams</a> (<a href="/wiki/Library_of_America" title="Library of America">Library of America</a>) (2010)</li> <li>Higher Gossip (2011)</li> <li>Always Looking: Essays on Art (2012)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> See also <a href="#External_links">#External links</a> for links to archives of his essays and reviews in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Awards">edit</a>]</div> <a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <ul><li>1959 <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Fellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Guggenheim Fellow">Guggenheim Fellow</a></li> <li>1959 <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Arts_and_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Arts and Letters">National Institute of Arts and Letters</a> Rosenthal Award</li> <li>1964 <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="National Book Award for Fiction">National Book Award for Fiction</a><a href="#cite_note-nba1964-18">[18]</a></li> <li>1965 <a href="/wiki/Prix_du_Meilleur_Livre_%C3%89tranger" title="Prix du Meilleur Livre Étranger">Prix du Meilleur Livre Étranger</a></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/O._Henry_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="O. Henry Prize">O. Henry Prize</a></li> <li>1970 <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">Honorary</a> <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Literature">Doctor of Literature</a> from <a href="/wiki/Emerson_College" title="Emerson College">Emerson College</a></li> <li>1981 <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Critics" class="mw-redirect" title="National Book Critics">National Book Critics</a> Circle Award for Fiction</li> <li>1981 Edward MacDowell Medal</li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="National Book Award for Fiction">National Book Award for Fiction</a> (hardcover)<a href="#cite_note-nba1982-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[a]</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Union_League_Club" title="Union League Club">Union League Club</a> Abraham Lincoln Award</li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Critics_Circle" title="National Book Critics Circle">National Book Critics Circle</a> Award for Criticism</li> <li>1984 <a href="/wiki/National_Arts_Club" title="National Arts Club">National Arts Club</a> Medal of Honor</li> <li>1987 <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Literary_Award" title="St. Louis Literary Award">St. Louis Literary Award</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_University" title="Saint Louis University">Saint Louis University</a> Library Associates<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a></li> <li>1987 <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Book_Award" title="Ambassador Book Award">Ambassador Book Award</a></li> <li>1987 <a href="/wiki/Helmerich_Award" title="Helmerich Award">Peggy V. Helmerich Distinguished Author Award</a></li> <li>1988 <a href="/wiki/PEN/Malamud_Award" title="PEN/Malamud Award">PEN/Malamud Award</a></li> <li>1989 <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Critics_Circle" title="National Book Critics Circle">National Book Critics Circle</a> Award for Fiction</li> <li>1991 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a></li> <li>1991 <a href="/wiki/O._Henry_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="O. Henry Prize">O. Henry Prize</a></li> <li>1992 Honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Letters" title="Doctor of Letters">Doctor of Letters</a> from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/William_Dean_Howells_Medal" title="William Dean Howells Medal">William Dean Howells Medal</a></li> <li>1995 Commandeur de <a href="/wiki/L%27Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres">l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres</a></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Book_Award" title="Ambassador Book Award">Ambassador Book Award</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Arts_First" title="Arts First">Harvard Arts Medal</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award#Medal_for_Distinguished_Contribution_to_American_Letters" title="National Book Award">Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters</a> from the National Book Foundation<a href="#cite_note-medal-113">[112]</a></li> <li>2002 Fitzgerald Award for Achievement in American Literature</li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/National_Humanities_Medal" title="National Humanities Medal">National Humanities Medal</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/PEN/Faulkner_Award_for_Fiction" title="PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction">PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction</a></li> <li>2004 Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Man_Booker_International_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Man Booker International Prize">Man Booker International Prize</a> nominee</li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Rea_Award_for_the_Short_Story" title="Rea Award for the Short Story">Rea Award for the Short Story</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="American Academy of Arts and Letters">American Academy of Arts and Letters</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters_Gold_Medals" title="American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medals">Gold Medal for Fiction</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Literary_Review" title="Literary Review">Literary Review</a> Bad Sex in Fiction Lifetime Achievement Award</li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Lecture" title="Jefferson Lecture">Jefferson Lecture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> This was the award for hardcover Fiction. From 1980 to 1983 in <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award#History" title="National Book Award">National Book Award history</a> there were dual awards for hardcover and paperback books in many categories. Most of the paperback award-winners were reprints, including the 1982 Fiction. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00f3b6t">"John Updike"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Front_Row_(radio_programme)" title="Front Row (radio programme)">Front Row</a>. October 31, 2008. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>. 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Oxford: Praeger. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313384042" title="Special:BookSources/9780313384042"><bdi>9780313384042</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Updike%3A+A+Critical+Biography&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2013-04-23&rft.isbn=9780313384042&rft.aulast=Batchelor&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaavWAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Updike" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZylstra1973" class="citation journal cs1">Zylstra, SA (1973). "John Updike and the Parabolic Nature of the World". Soundings. 53 (3): 323–337. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41177889">41177889</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soundings&rft.atitle=John+Updike+and+the+Parabolic+Nature+of+the+World&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=323-337&rft.date=1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41177889%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Zylstra&rft.aufirst=SA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Updike" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinkser2009" class="citation journal cs1">Pinkser, Sanford (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/269601/">"John Updike, Harry (Rabbit) Angstrom, and I"</a>. Sewanee Review. 117 (3): 492–494. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fsew.0.0156">10.1353/sew.0.0156</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161771807">161771807</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sewanee+Review&rft.atitle=John+Updike%2C+Harry+%28Rabbit%29+Angstrom%2C+and+I&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=492-494&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fsew.0.0156&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161771807%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Pinkser&rft.aufirst=Sanford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F269601%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Updike" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathé2010" class="citation journal cs1">Mathé, Sylvie (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/transatlantica/5074">"In Memoriam John Updike (1932-2009): That 'Pennsylvania thing'"</a>. Transatlantica (2). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Ftransatlantica.5074">10.4000/transatlantica.5074</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transatlantica&rft.atitle=In+Memoriam+John+Updike+%281932-2009%29%3A+That+%27Pennsylvania+thing%27&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Ftransatlantica.5074&rft.aulast=Math%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Sylvie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Ftransatlantica%2F5074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Updike" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lehmann-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lehmann_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehmann_70-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehmann_70-2">c</a> Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/28/books/28updike.html?pagewanted=2&ref=books">John Updike, a Lyrical Writer of the Middle Class, Dies at 76</a>", The New York Times, January 28, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Book magazine, March/April 2002, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/programs/totn/features/2002/mar/020319.characters.html">100 Best Fictional Characters since 1900</a>", via <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randomhouse.com/knopf/classics/authors.html">"Everyman's Library: Authors"</a>, Random House </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Tracy Jan, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/articles/2009/10/07/harvard_buys_updike_archive/">Harvard buys Updike archive</a>", Boston Globe, October 7, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.iwu.edu/johnupdikesociety/">"The John Updike Society Homepage"</a>. The John Updike Society. Retrieved December 9, 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alvernia.edu/johnupdike/johnupdike.html">"The John Updike Society First Biennial Conference."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528001638/http://www.alvernia.edu/johnupdike/johnupdike.html">Archived</a> May 28, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Alvernia University. Retrieved December 9, 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Ian McEwan, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22391">On John Updike</a>", New York Review of Books Vol 56 No 4, 12 March 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Jonathan Raban, The Oxford Book of the Sea (1993), Oxford University Press, pp. 509–517. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neh.gov/whoweare/updike/appreciation.html">John Updike: 2008 Jefferson Lecture</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201051145/http://neh.gov/whoweare/Updike/Appreciation.html">Archived</a> 1 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> James Wood, The Broken Estate: Essays on Literature and Belief (2000), "John Updike's Complacent God", Modern Library, pp. 192. </li> <li id="cite_note-wood-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wood_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wood_80-1">b</a> James Wood, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/v23/n08/wood02_.html">Gossip in Gilt</a>", London Review of Books, 19 April 2001 </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Richard Eder, "The Paris Interviews", The New York Times, December 25, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Harold Bloom, ed., Modern Critical Views of John Updike, "Introduction," Chelsea House, New York, 1987. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Dick Cavett, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cavett.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/13/writers-bloc-when-updike-and-cheever-came-to-visit/?apage=5">Writers Bloc: When Updike and Cheever Came to Visit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120714155051/http://cavett.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/13/writers-bloc-when-updike-and-cheever-came-to-visit/?apage=5">Archived</a> July 14, 2012, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>", The New York Times, February 13, 2009. Video October 14, 1981 </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> S. Future, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fictioncircus.com/news.php?id=280&mode=one">Updike</a>", The Fiction Circus, January 27, 2009, </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> James Wolcott, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/v31/n01/wolc01_.html">Caretaker/Pallbearer</a>", London Review of Books, January 1, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Gore Vidal, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091005182937/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article5610640.ece">Rabbit's own burrow</a>", Times Literary Supplement, April 26, 1996 </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Brand, Madeleine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=99921377">Robert B. Silvers interview for NPR Remembrances: "John Updike: The Shy Man And Great Writer"</a>. NPR, Day to Day, January 27, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> Lorrie Moore, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/16794">Home Truths</a>", New York Review of Books, November 20, 2003 </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShipeDill2019" class="citation book cs1">Shipe, Matthew; Dill, Scott (June 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ChaeDwAAQBAJ&dq=biljana+doj%C4%8Dinovi%C4%87&pg=PA6">Updike and Politics: New Considerations</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-7561-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-7561-4"><bdi>978-1-4985-7561-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Updike+and+Politics%3A+New+Considerations&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2019-06-27&rft.isbn=978-1-4985-7561-4&rft.aulast=Shipe&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Dill%2C+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DChaeDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dbiljana%2Bdoj%25C4%258Dinovi%25C4%2587%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Updike" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-art-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-art_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-art_90-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolson2008" class="citation news cs1">Tolson, Jay (May 23, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090202092557/http://www.usnews.com/articles/news/national/2008/05/23/john-updike-on-american-art.html">"John Updike on American Art"</a>. U.S. News & World Report. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/articles/news/national/2008/05/23/john-updike-on-american-art.html">the original</a> on February 2, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=John+Updike+on+American+Art&rft.date=2008-05-23&rft.aulast=Tolson&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Farticles%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F2008%2F05%2F23%2Fjohn-updike-on-american-art.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Updike" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> John Updike, Rabbit at Rest (1990), Knopf, pp. 308 </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> The Economist, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/books/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13014056">An American subversive</a>", January 29, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-bellis-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bellis_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bellis_93-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bellis_93-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bellis_93-3">d</a> Jack De Bellis (ed.), "Mortality and Immortality", The John Updike Encyclopedia (2000), pp. 286. See here for many subsequent quotes and citations on death. </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Robert McCrun, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/feb/01/john-updike-literary-generation">John Updike was of a generation that changed the literary landscape irrevocably</a>," The Guardian, February 1, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> John Updike, "The Dogwood Tree", Assorted Prose (1965), Knopf. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Time, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081123022310/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,838313-6,00.html">View from the Catacombs</a>", 26 April 1968, pp. 6 </li> <li id="cite_note-batsegundo-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-batsegundo_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-batsegundo_97-1">b</a> The Bat Segundo Show, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edrants.com/segundo/the-bat-segundo-show-50/">Show #50, John Updike</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Antonya_Nelson" title="Antonya Nelson">Antonya Nelson</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/remembering-upd/2.html">Remembering Updike</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222214718/http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/remembering-upd/2.html">Archived</a> February 22, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", The New Yorker online </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> ZZ Packer, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/remembering-upd">Remembering Updike</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140302103650/http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/remembering-upd">Archived</a> March 2, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", The New Yorker online </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Julian Barnes, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/remembering-upd/2.html">Remembering Updike</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222214718/http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/remembering-upd/2.html">Archived</a> February 22, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", The New Yorker online </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Jack De Bellis (ed.), "More Matter", The John Updike Encyclopedia (2000), pp. 281. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKakutani2009" class="citation cs2">Kakutani, Michiko (January 27, 2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/28/books/28appr.html">"An Appraisal: A Relentless Updike Mapped America 's Mysteries"</a>, The New York Times</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=An+Appraisal%3A+A+Relentless+Updike+Mapped+America+%27s+Mysteries&rft.date=2009-01-27&rft.aulast=Kakutani&rft.aufirst=Michiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F01%2F28%2Fbooks%2F28appr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Updike" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpdike1995" class="citation cs2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Updike, John</a> (1995), "Perfection Wasted", Collected Poems: 1953–1993, Knopf</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Perfection+Wasted&rft.btitle=Collected+Poems%3A+1953%E2%80%931993&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Updike&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Updike" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/photocredit/achievers/upd0-006">26 April 1968 Time cover</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090228131320/http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/photocredit/achievers/upd0-006">Archived</a> February 28, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/photocredit/achievers/upd0-007">18 October 1982 Time cover</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906112431/http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/photocredit/achievers/upd0-007">Archived</a> September 6, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Nicholson Baker, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pELBAAAACAAJ&q=%22u+and+i%22">U and I: A True Story</a>, Random House, 1991, Google Books </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> ECHO Journal IV/2, Kajikawa, "Review: 8 Mile, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.echo.ucla.edu/volume4-issue2/reviews/kajikawa.html#top">Rap, Rabbit, Rap</a>," </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/gallery/">"David Levine Gallery"</a>. New York Review of Books. The New York Review of Books. Retrieved January 30, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> All awards listed at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://userpages.prexar.com/joyerkes/Item8.html">The Centaurian</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090214055417/http://userpages.prexar.com/joyerkes/Item8.html">Archived</a> February 14, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Updike homepage, "Awards, Prizes, and Honors", March 17, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160823003924/http://www.slu.edu/libraries/associates/award.html">"Website of St. Louis Literary Award"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slu.edu/libraries/associates/award.html">the original</a> on August 23, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Website+of+St.+Louis+Literary+Award&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slu.edu%2Flibraries%2Fassociates%2Faward.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Updike" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaint_Louis_University_Library_Associates" class="citation web cs1">Saint Louis University Library Associates. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160731082313/http://lib.slu.edu/about/associates/literary-award">"Recipients of the Saint Louis Literary Award"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.slu.edu/about/associates/literary-award">the original</a> on July 31, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recipients+of+the+Saint+Louis+Literary+Award&rft.au=Saint+Louis+University+Library+Associates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flib.slu.edu%2Fabout%2Fassociates%2Fliterary-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Updike" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ofa.fas.harvard.edu/harvard-arts-medal">"History of the Harvard Arts Medal"</a>. Harvard University Office for the Arts. Retrieved February 23, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Harvard+Arts+Medal&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Office+for+the+Arts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fofa.fas.harvard.edu%2Fharvard-arts-medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Updike" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-medal-113"><a href="#cite_ref-medal_113-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalbook.org/amerletters.html">"Distinguished Contribution to American Letters"</a>. National Book Foundation. Retrieved March 11, 2012. (With acceptance speech by Updike and introduction by Paul LeClerc.) </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/">"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"</a>. www.achievement.org. <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.achievement.org&rft.atitle=Golden+Plate+Awardees+of+the+American+Academy+of+Achievement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fachievement.org%2Four-history%2Fgolden-plate-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Updike" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://achievement.org/summit/2004/">"2004 Summit Highlights Photo"</a>. 2004. <q>Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist, essayist, and poet John Updike addresses Academy delegates and members.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=2004+Summit+Highlights+Photo&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fachievement.org%2Fsummit%2F2004%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Updike" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading_and_literary_criticism">Further reading and literary criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Further reading and literary criticism">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Bailey, Peter J., Rabbit (Un)Redeemed: The Drama of Belief in John Updike's Fiction, Farleigh Dickinson University Press, Madison, New Jersey, 2006.</li> <li>Baker, Nicholson, U & I: A True Story, Random House, New York, 1991.</li> <li>Batchelor, Bob, John Updike: A Critical Biography, Praeger, California, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-31338403-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-31338403-5">978-0-31338403-5</a>.</li> <li>Begley, Adam, Updike, Harper-Collins Publishers, New York, NY, 2014.</li> <li>Ben Hassat, Hedda, Prophets Without Vision: Subjectivity and the Sacred in Contemporary American Writing, Bucknell University Press, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, 2000.</li> <li>Bloom, Harold, ed., Modern Critical Views of John Updike, Chelsea House, New York, 1987.</li> <li>Boswell, Marshall, John Updike's Rabbit Tetralogy: Mastered Irony in Motion, University of Missouri Press, Columbia, Missouri, 2001.</li> <li>Broer, Lawrence, Rabbit Tales: Poetry and Politics in John Updike's Rabbit Novels, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 2000.</li> <li>Burchard, Rachel C., John Updike: Yea Sayings, Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, Illinois, 1971.</li> <li>Campbell, Jeff H., Updike's Novels: Thorns Spell A Word, Midwestern State University Press, Wichita Falls, Texas, 1988.</li> <li>Clarke Taylor, C., John Updike: A Bibliography, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, 1968.</li> <li>De Bellis, Jack, John Updike: A Bibliography, 1968–1993, Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport, Connecticut, 1994.</li> <li>De Bellis, Jack, John Updike: The Critical Responses to the Rabbit Saga, Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport, Connecticut, 2005.</li> <li>De Bellis, Jack, ed., The John Updike Encyclopedia, Greenwood Press, Santa Barbara, California, 2001.</li> <li>Detwiler, Robert, John Updike, Twayne, Boston, 1984.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Findlay_(writer)" title="Bill Findlay (writer)">Findlay, Bill</a>, Interview with John Updike in Hearn, Sheila G. (ed.), <a href="/wiki/Cencrastus" title="Cencrastus">Cencrastus</a> No. 15, New Year 1984, pp. 30 – 36, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0264-0856">0264-0856</a></li> <li>Greiner, Donald, " Don DeLillo, John Updike, and the Sustaining Power of Myth", UnderWords: Perspectives on Don DeLillo's Underworld, University of Delaware Press, Newark, Delaware, 2002.</li> <li>Greiner, Donald, John Updike's Novels, Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio, 1984.</li> <li>Greiner, Donald, The Other John Updike: Poems, Short Stories, Prose, Play, Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio, 1981.</li> <li>Gullette, Margaret Morganroth, "John Updike: Rabbit Angstrom Grows Up", Safe at Last in the Middle Years : The Invention of the Midlife Progress Novel, Backinprint.com, New York, 2001.</li> <li>Hamilton, Alice and Kenneth, The Elements of John Updike, <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.">William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.</a>, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1970.</li> <li>Hunt, George W., John Updike and the Three Great Secret Things: Sex, Religion, and Art, William B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1985.</li> <li>Karshan, Thomas, " Batsy", London Review of Books, March 31, 2005.</li> <li>Luscher, Robert M., John Updike: A Study of the Short Fiction, Twayne, New York, 1993.</li> <li>Mazzeno, Laurence W. and Sue Norton, eds.,European Perspectives on John Updike, Camden House, 2018.</li> <li>McNaughton, William R., ed., Critical Essays on John Updike, GK Hall, Boston, 1982.</li> <li>Markle, Joyce B., Fighters and Lovers: Themes in the Novels of John Updike, New York University Press, 1973.</li> <li>Mathé, Sylvie, John Updike : La nostalgie de l'Amérique, Berlin, 2002.</li> <li>Miller, D. Quentin, John Updike and the Cold War: Drawing the Iron Curtain, University of Missouri Press, Columbia, Missouri, 2001.</li> <li>Morley, Catherine, "The Bard of Everyday Domesticity: John Updike's Song for America", The Quest for Epic in Contemporary American Literature, Routledge, New York, 2008.</li> <li>Newman, Judie, John Updike, Macmillan, London, 1988.</li> <li>O'Connell, Mary, Updike and the Patriarchal Dilemma: Masculinity in the Rabbit Novels, Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, Illinois, 1996.</li> <li>Olster, Stanley, The Cambridge Companion to John Updike, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006.</li> <li>Plath, James, ed., Conversations with John Updike, University Press of Mississippi Press, Jackson, Mississippi, 1994.</li> <li>Porter, M. Gilbert, " John Updike's 'A&P': The Establishment and an Emersonian Cashier", English Journal 61 (8), pp. 1155–1158, November 1972.</li> <li>Pritchard, William, Updike: America's Man of Letters, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Press" title="University of Massachusetts Press">University of Massachusetts Press</a>, Amherst, Massachusetts, 2005.</li> <li>Ristoff, Dilvo I., John Updike's Rabbit at Rest: Appropriating History, Peter Lang, New York, 1998.'</li> <li>Roiphe, Anne, For Rabbit, with Love and Squalor, Free Press, Washington, D.C., 2000.</li> <li>Searles, George J., The Fiction of Philip Roth and John Updike, Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, Illinois, 1984.</li> <li>Schiff, James A., Updike's Version: Rewriting The Scarlet Letter, University of Missouri Press, Columbia, Missouri, 1992.</li> <li>Schiff, James A., United States Author Series: John Updike Revisited, Twayne Publishers, Woodbridge, Connecticut, 1998.</li> <li>Tallent, Elizabeth, Married Men and Magic Tricks: John Updike's Erotic Heroes, Creative Arts Book Company, Berkeley, California, 1982.</li> <li>Tanner, Tony, "A Compromised Environment", City of Words: American Fiction, 1950–1970, Jonathan Cape, London, 1971.</li> <li>Thorburn, David and Eiland, Howard, eds., John Updike: A Collection of Critical Essays, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1979.</li> <li>Trachtenberg, Stanley, ed., New Essays on Rabbit, Run, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993.</li> <li>Uphaus, Suzanne H., John Updike, Ungar, New York, 1980.</li> <li>Vidal, Gore, "Rabbit's own burrow", Times Literary Supplement, April 26, 1996.</li> <li>Wallace, David Foster, "John Updike, Champion Literary Phallocrat, Drops One", New York Observer, October 12, 1997.</li> <li>Wood, James, "Gossip in Gilt", London Review of Books, April 19, 2001.</li> <li>Wood, James, "John Updike's Complacent God", The Broken Estate: Essays on Literature and Belief, Modern Library, New York, 2000.</li> <li>Yerkes, James, John Updike and Religion: The Sense of the Sacred and the Motions of Grace, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, Grand Rapids, Missouri, 1999.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Updike&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-External_links plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-external_links" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's use of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a> may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. 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has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Updike" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John Updike">John Updike</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.iwu.edu/johnupdikesociety/">The John Updike Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150405103652/http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/deepLink?_collection=oasis&uniqueId=hou01365">John Updike collection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Library" title="Houghton Library">Houghton Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150616191845/http://johnupdikearchive.com/">The Other John Updike Archive</a>, a collection taken from Updike's rubbish and discussed in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/sep/02/john-updike-rubbish-trashy-paul-moran">this article</a> from <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, September 2014, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/features/archive/2014/08/the-man-who-made-off-with-john-updikes-trash/379213/">this article</a> from <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.library.sc.edu/repositories/5/resources/729">Jack De Bellis collection of John Updike</a> at the University of South Carolina</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/authors/158">Column archive</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/bios/john_updike/search?contributorName=john%20updike">Column archive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140122122218/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/bios/john_updike/search?contributorName=john%20updike">Archived</a> January 22, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?55186">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/Updik">In Depth interview with Updike, 4 December 2005</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charlierose.com/videos/436">John Updike</a> on <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rose_(talk_show)" title="Charlie Rose (talk show)">Charlie Rose</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0881433/">John Updike</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105756#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL27078A">Works by John Updike</a> at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105756#P648" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/john-updike">John Updike</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/johnupdike">John Updike</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105756#P3106" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/search?author=Updike,+John">Reviews</a> at the <a href="/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.lib.ecu.edu/special/ead/findingaids/1169-023">Stuart Wright Collection: John Updike Papers, 1946–2010 (#1169-023), East Carolina Manuscript Collection, J. Y. Joyner Library, East Carolina University</a></li> <li><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/1903.1/1516" class="extiw" title="hdl:1903.1/1516">Authors and Poets collection</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Articles and interviews</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/4219/the-art-of-fiction-no-43-john-updike">John Updike, The Art of Fiction No. 43</a>, Charles Thomas Samuels, <a href="/wiki/Paris_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Review">Paris Review</a>, Winter 1968</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/02/09/090209fa_fact_updike">"Picked-Up Pieces: A half century of John Updike"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>, 2009</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=updike&id=I13922">The ancestry of John Hoyer Updike</a>, Rootsweb</li> <li>Petri Liukkonen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://authorscalendar.info/updike.htm">"John Updike"</a>. Books and Writers.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/04/06/lifetimes/updike.html">John Updike Life & Times</a>, New York Times Books</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/1999/02/24/updike_4/">The Salon Interview: John Updike, "As Close as You Can Get to the Stars"</a>, Dwight Garner, <a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Selected_works_of_John_Updike" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Updike" title="Template:John Updike"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_Updike" title="Template talk:John Updike"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Updike" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Updike"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Selected_works_of_John_Updike" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Selected <a href="/wiki/John_Updike_bibliography" title="John Updike bibliography">works</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Updike</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rabbit novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit,_Run" title="Rabbit, Run">Rabbit, Run</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Redux" title="Rabbit Redux">Rabbit Redux</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Is_Rich" title="Rabbit Is Rich">Rabbit Is Rich</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_at_Rest" title="Rabbit at Rest">Rabbit at Rest</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Remembered" title="Rabbit Remembered">Rabbit Remembered</a> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastwick books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Witches_of_Eastwick" title="The Witches of Eastwick">The Witches of Eastwick</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Widows_of_Eastwick" title="The Widows of Eastwick">The Widows of Eastwick</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Poorhouse_Fair" title="The Poorhouse Fair">The Poorhouse Fair</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Centaur" title="The Centaur">The Centaur</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_the_Farm" title="Of the Farm">Of the Farm</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couples_(novel)" title="Couples (novel)">Couples</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marry_Me_(novel)" title="Marry Me (novel)">Marry Me: A Romance</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Coup_(Updike_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Coup (Updike novel)">The Coup</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger%27s_Version" title="Roger's Version">Roger's Version</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memories_of_the_Ford_Administration" title="Memories of the Ford Administration">Memories of the Ford Administration</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_(novel)" title="Brazil (novel)">Brazil</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Beauty_of_the_Lilies" title="In the Beauty of the Lilies">In the Beauty of the Lilies</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toward_the_End_of_Time" title="Toward the End of Time">Toward the End of Time</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_and_Claudius" title="Gertrude and Claudius">Gertrude and Claudius</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seek_My_Face" title="Seek My Face">Seek My Face</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_(novel)" title="Terrorist (novel)">Terrorist</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short story collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Same_Door" title="The Same Door">The Same Door</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_Feathers_and_Other_Stories" title="Pigeon Feathers and Other Stories">Pigeon Feathers</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olinger_Stories" title="Olinger Stories">Olinger Stories</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Too_Far_to_Go" title="Too Far to Go">Too Far to Go</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_Me_(short_story_collection)" title="Trust Me (short story collection)">Trust Me</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Early_Stories:_1953%E2%80%931975" title="The Early Stories: 1953–1975">The Early Stories</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Father%27s_Tears_and_Other_Stories" title="My Father's Tears and Other Stories">My Father's Tears</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poetry collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Carpentered_Hen_and_Other_Tame_Creatures" title="The Carpentered Hen and Other Tame Creatures">The Carpentered Hen</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_Poles" title="Telephone Poles">Telephone Poles</a> (1963)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settings and characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bech" title="Henry Bech">Henry Bech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewer_(John_Updike)" title="Brewer (John Updike)">Brewer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit,_Run_(film)" title="Rabbit, Run (film)">Rabbit, Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Witches_of_Eastwick_(film)" title="The Witches of Eastwick (film)">The Witches of Eastwick</a> (film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Witches_of_Eastwick_(musical)" title="The Witches of Eastwick (musical)">The Witches of Eastwick</a> (musical)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastwick_(TV_series)" title="Eastwick (TV series)">Eastwick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_John_Updike" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_John_Updike" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for John Updike</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="Template:National Book Award for Fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="Template talk:National Book Award for Fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Book Award for Fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="National Book Award for Fiction">National Book Award for Fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Golden_Arm_(novel)" title="The Man with the Golden Arm (novel)">The Man with the Golden Arm</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Algren" title="Nelson Algren">Nelson Algren</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collected_Stories_of_William_Faulkner" title="Collected Stories of William Faulkner">Collected Stories of William Faulkner</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity_(novel)" title="From Here to Eternity (novel)">From Here to Eternity</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_Jones_(author)" title="James Jones (author)">James Jones</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Man" title="Invisible Man">Invisible Man</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Ellison" title="Ralph Ellison">Ralph Ellison</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Augie_March" title="The Adventures of Augie March">The Adventures of Augie March</a> by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Fable" title="A Fable">A Fable</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_North_Frederick" title="Ten North Frederick">Ten North Frederick</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Hara" title="John O'Hara">John O'Hara</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Field_of_Vision" title="The Field of Vision">The Field of Vision</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wright_Morris" title="Wright Morris">Wright Morris</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wapshot_Chronicle" title="The Wapshot Chronicle">The Wapshot Chronicle</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Cheever" title="John Cheever">John Cheever</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Barrel" title="The Magic Barrel">The Magic Barrel</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Malamud" title="Bernard Malamud">Bernard Malamud</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodbye,_Columbus" title="Goodbye, Columbus">Goodbye, Columbus</a> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Waters_of_Kronos" title="The Waters of Kronos">The Waters of Kronos</a> by <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Richter" title="Conrad Richter">Conrad Richter</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Moviegoer" title="The Moviegoer">The Moviegoer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Walker_Percy" title="Walker Percy">Walker Percy</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morte_d%27Urban" title="Morte d'Urban">Morte d'Urban</a> by <a href="/wiki/J._F._Powers" title="J. F. Powers">J. F. Powers</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Centaur" title="The Centaur">The Centaur</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Updike</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzog_(novel)" title="Herzog (novel)">Herzog</a> by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Stories_of_Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter">The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter</a> by <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Katherine Anne Porter</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fixer_(novel)" title="The Fixer (novel)">The Fixer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Malamud" title="Bernard Malamud">Bernard Malamud</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eighth_Day_(Wilder_novel)" title="The Eighth Day (Wilder novel)">The Eighth Day</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Thornton Wilder</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steps_(book)" title="Steps (book)">Steps</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Kosi%C5%84ski" title="Jerzy Kosiński">Jerzy Kosiński</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Them_(novel)" title="Them (novel)">them</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Carol_Oates" title="Joyce Carol Oates">Joyce Carol Oates</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Sammler%27s_Planet" title="Mr. Sammler's Planet">Mr. Sammler's Planet</a> by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Stories_(O%27Connor)" title="The Complete Stories (O'Connor)">The Complete Stories</a> by <a href="/wiki/Flannery_O%27Connor" title="Flannery O'Connor">Flannery O'Connor</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(Barth_novel)" title="Chimera (Barth novel)">Chimera</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Barth" title="John Barth">John Barth</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_(Williams_novel)" title="Augustus (Williams novel)">Augustus</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Williams" title="John Edward Williams">John Williams</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity%27s_Rainbow" title="Gravity's Rainbow">Gravity's Rainbow</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon" title="Thomas Pynchon">Thomas Pynchon</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Crown_of_Feathers_and_Other_Stories" title="A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories">A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories</a> by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_Soldiers_(novel)" title="Dog Soldiers (novel)">Dog Soldiers</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stone_(novelist)" title="Robert Stone (novelist)">Robert Stone</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hair_of_Harold_Roux" title="The Hair of Harold Roux">The Hair of Harold Roux</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Williams_(writer)" title="Thomas Williams (writer)">Thomas Williams</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J_R" title="J R">J R</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Gaddis" title="William Gaddis">William Gaddis</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator_Bird" title="The Spectator Bird">The Spectator Bird</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stegner" title="Wallace Stegner">Wallace Stegner</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_Tie_(Settle_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood Tie (Settle novel)">Blood Tie</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Lee_Settle" title="Mary Lee Settle">Mary Lee Settle</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Going_After_Cacciato" title="Going After Cacciato">Going After Cacciato</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tim_O%27Brien_(author)" title="Tim O'Brien (author)">Tim O'Brien</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie%27s_Choice_(novel)" title="Sophie's Choice (novel)">Sophie's Choice</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_According_to_Garp" title="The World According to Garp">The World According to Garp</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Irving" title="John Irving">John Irving</a> (1980)</li> <li>Plains Song: For Female Voices by <a href="/wiki/Wright_Morris" title="Wright Morris">Wright Morris</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stories_of_John_Cheever" title="The Stories of John Cheever">The Stories of John Cheever</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Cheever" title="John Cheever">John Cheever</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Is_Rich" title="Rabbit Is Rich">Rabbit Is Rich</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Updike</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/So_Long,_See_You_Tomorrow_(novel)" title="So Long, See You Tomorrow (novel)">So Long, See You Tomorrow</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Keepers_Maxwell,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="William Keepers Maxwell, Jr.">William Maxwell</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple" title="The Color Purple">The Color Purple</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Walker" title="Alice Walker">Alice Walker</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Stories_of_Eudora_Welty" title="The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty">The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty</a> by <a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a> (1983)</li> <li>Victory Over Japan by <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Gilchrist" title="Ellen Gilchrist">Ellen Gilchrist</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Noise_(novel)" title="White Noise (novel)">White Noise</a> by <a href="/wiki/Don_DeLillo" title="Don DeLillo">Don DeLillo</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World%27s_Fair_(novel)" title="World's Fair (novel)">World's Fair</a> by <a href="/wiki/E._L._Doctorow" title="E. L. Doctorow">E. L. Doctorow</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paco%27s_Story" title="Paco's Story">Paco's Story</a> by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Heinemann" title="Larry Heinemann">Larry Heinemann</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Trout_(novel)" title="Paris Trout (novel)">Paris Trout</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pete_Dexter" title="Pete Dexter">Pete Dexter</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartina_(novel)" title="Spartina (novel)">Spartina</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Casey_(novelist)" title="John Casey (novelist)">John Casey</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Passage_(novel)" title="Middle Passage (novel)">Middle Passage</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Johnson" title="Charles R. Johnson">Charles Johnson</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mating_(novel)" title="Mating (novel)">Mating</a> by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rush" title="Norman Rush">Norman Rush</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_Pretty_Horses_(novel)" title="All the Pretty Horses (novel)">All the Pretty Horses</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cormac_McCarthy" title="Cormac McCarthy">Cormac McCarthy</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shipping_News" title="The Shipping News">The Shipping News</a> by <a href="/wiki/Annie_Proulx" title="Annie Proulx">E. Annie Proulx</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Frolic_of_His_Own" title="A Frolic of His Own">A Frolic of His Own</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Gaddis" title="William Gaddis">William Gaddis</a> (1994) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath%27s_Theater" title="Sabbath's Theater">Sabbath's Theater</a> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a> (1995)</li> <li>Ship Fever and Other Stories by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Barrett" title="Andrea Barrett">Andrea Barrett</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_Mountain_(novel)" title="Cold Mountain (novel)">Cold Mountain</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Frazier" title="Charles Frazier">Charles Frazier</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charming_Billy" title="Charming Billy">Charming Billy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alice_McDermott" title="Alice McDermott">Alice McDermott</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiting_(novel)" title="Waiting (novel)">Waiting</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ha_Jin" title="Ha Jin">Ha Jin</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_America_(novel)" title="In America (novel)">In America</a> by <a href="/wiki/Susan_Sontag" title="Susan Sontag">Susan Sontag</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Corrections" title="The Corrections">The Corrections</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Franzen" title="Jonathan Franzen">Jonathan Franzen</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Junes" title="Three Junes">Three Junes</a> by <a href="/wiki/Julia_Glass" title="Julia Glass">Julia Glass</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Fire_(Hazzard_novel)" title="The Great Fire (Hazzard novel)">The Great Fire</a> by <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Hazzard" title="Shirley Hazzard">Shirley Hazzard</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_News_from_Paraguay" title="The News from Paraguay">The News from Paraguay</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lily_Tuck" title="Lily Tuck">Lily Tuck</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Central" title="Europe Central">Europe Central</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_T._Vollmann" title="William T. Vollmann">William T. Vollmann</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Echo_Maker" title="The Echo Maker">The Echo Maker</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Powers" title="Richard Powers">Richard Powers</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Smoke" title="Tree of Smoke">Tree of Smoke</a> by <a href="/wiki/Denis_Johnson" title="Denis Johnson">Denis Johnson</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Country" title="Shadow Country">Shadow Country</a> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Matthiessen" title="Peter Matthiessen">Peter Matthiessen</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let_the_Great_World_Spin" title="Let the Great World Spin">Let the Great World Spin</a> by <a href="/wiki/Colum_McCann" title="Colum McCann">Colum McCann</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Misrule_(novel)" title="Lord of Misrule (novel)">Lord of Misrule</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jaimy_Gordon" title="Jaimy Gordon">Jaimy Gordon</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_the_Bones" title="Salvage the Bones">Salvage the Bones</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jesmyn_Ward" title="Jesmyn Ward">Jesmyn Ward</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Round_House_(novel)" title="The Round House (novel)">The Round House</a> by <a href="/wiki/Louise_Erdrich" title="Louise Erdrich">Louise Erdrich</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Lord_Bird" title="The Good Lord Bird">The Good Lord Bird</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_McBride_(writer)" title="James McBride (writer)">James McBride</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeployment_(short_story_collection)" title="Redeployment (short story collection)">Redeployment</a> by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Klay" title="Phil Klay">Phil Klay</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune_Smiles" title="Fortune Smiles">Fortune Smiles</a> by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Johnson_(writer)" title="Adam Johnson (writer)">Adam Johnson</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Underground_Railroad_(novel)" title="The Underground Railroad (novel)"> The Underground Railroad</a> by <a href="/wiki/Colson_Whitehead" title="Colson Whitehead">Colson Whitehead</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sing,_Unburied,_Sing" title="Sing, Unburied, Sing">Sing, Unburied, Sing</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jesmyn_Ward" title="Jesmyn Ward">Jesmyn Ward</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Friend_(novel)" title="The Friend (novel)">The Friend</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Nunez" title="Sigrid Nunez">Sigrid Nunez</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_Exercise" title="Trust Exercise">Trust Exercise</a> by <a href="/wiki/Susan_Choi" title="Susan Choi">Susan Choi</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_Chinatown" title="Interior Chinatown">Interior Chinatown</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Yu" title="Charles Yu">Charles Yu</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_of_a_Book" title="Hell of a Book">Hell of a Book</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jason_Mott" title="Jason Mott">Jason Mott</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rabbit_Hutch" title="The Rabbit Hutch">The Rabbit Hutch</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tess_Gunty" title="Tess Gunty">Tess Gunty</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackouts_(novel)" title="Blackouts (novel)">Blackouts</a> by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Torres" title="Justin Torres">Justin Torres</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="Template:National Book Award for Fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="Template talk:National Book Award for Fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Book Award for Fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="National Book Award for Fiction">National Book Award for Fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Golden_Arm_(novel)" title="The Man with the Golden Arm (novel)">The Man with the Golden Arm</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Algren" title="Nelson Algren">Nelson Algren</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collected_Stories_of_William_Faulkner" title="Collected Stories of William Faulkner">Collected Stories of William Faulkner</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity_(novel)" title="From Here to Eternity (novel)">From Here to Eternity</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_Jones_(author)" title="James Jones (author)">James Jones</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Man" title="Invisible Man">Invisible Man</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Ellison" title="Ralph Ellison">Ralph Ellison</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Augie_March" title="The Adventures of Augie March">The Adventures of Augie March</a> by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Fable" title="A Fable">A Fable</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_North_Frederick" title="Ten North Frederick">Ten North Frederick</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Hara" title="John O'Hara">John O'Hara</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Field_of_Vision" title="The Field of Vision">The Field of Vision</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wright_Morris" title="Wright Morris">Wright Morris</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wapshot_Chronicle" title="The Wapshot Chronicle">The Wapshot Chronicle</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Cheever" title="John Cheever">John Cheever</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Barrel" title="The Magic Barrel">The Magic Barrel</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Malamud" title="Bernard Malamud">Bernard Malamud</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodbye,_Columbus" title="Goodbye, Columbus">Goodbye, Columbus</a> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Waters_of_Kronos" title="The Waters of Kronos">The Waters of Kronos</a> by <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Richter" title="Conrad Richter">Conrad Richter</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Moviegoer" title="The Moviegoer">The Moviegoer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Walker_Percy" title="Walker Percy">Walker Percy</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morte_d%27Urban" title="Morte d'Urban">Morte d'Urban</a> by <a href="/wiki/J._F._Powers" title="J. F. Powers">J. F. Powers</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Centaur" title="The Centaur">The Centaur</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Updike</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzog_(novel)" title="Herzog (novel)">Herzog</a> by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Stories_of_Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter">The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter</a> by <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Katherine Anne Porter</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fixer_(novel)" title="The Fixer (novel)">The Fixer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Malamud" title="Bernard Malamud">Bernard Malamud</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eighth_Day_(Wilder_novel)" title="The Eighth Day (Wilder novel)">The Eighth Day</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Thornton Wilder</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steps_(book)" title="Steps (book)">Steps</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Kosi%C5%84ski" title="Jerzy Kosiński">Jerzy Kosiński</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Them_(novel)" title="Them (novel)">them</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Carol_Oates" title="Joyce Carol Oates">Joyce Carol Oates</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Sammler%27s_Planet" title="Mr. Sammler's Planet">Mr. Sammler's Planet</a> by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Stories_(O%27Connor)" title="The Complete Stories (O'Connor)">The Complete Stories</a> by <a href="/wiki/Flannery_O%27Connor" title="Flannery O'Connor">Flannery O'Connor</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(Barth_novel)" title="Chimera (Barth novel)">Chimera</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Barth" title="John Barth">John Barth</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_(Williams_novel)" title="Augustus (Williams novel)">Augustus</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Williams" title="John Edward Williams">John Williams</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity%27s_Rainbow" title="Gravity's Rainbow">Gravity's Rainbow</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon" title="Thomas Pynchon">Thomas Pynchon</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Crown_of_Feathers_and_Other_Stories" title="A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories">A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories</a> by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_Soldiers_(novel)" title="Dog Soldiers (novel)">Dog Soldiers</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stone_(novelist)" title="Robert Stone (novelist)">Robert Stone</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hair_of_Harold_Roux" title="The Hair of Harold Roux">The Hair of Harold Roux</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Williams_(writer)" title="Thomas Williams (writer)">Thomas Williams</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J_R" title="J R">J R</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Gaddis" title="William Gaddis">William Gaddis</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator_Bird" title="The Spectator Bird">The Spectator Bird</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stegner" title="Wallace Stegner">Wallace Stegner</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_Tie_(Settle_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood Tie (Settle novel)">Blood Tie</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Lee_Settle" title="Mary Lee Settle">Mary Lee Settle</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Going_After_Cacciato" title="Going After Cacciato">Going After Cacciato</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tim_O%27Brien_(author)" title="Tim O'Brien (author)">Tim O'Brien</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie%27s_Choice_(novel)" title="Sophie's Choice (novel)">Sophie's Choice</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_According_to_Garp" title="The World According to Garp">The World According to Garp</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Irving" title="John Irving">John Irving</a> (1980)</li> <li>Plains Song: For Female Voices by <a href="/wiki/Wright_Morris" title="Wright Morris">Wright Morris</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stories_of_John_Cheever" title="The Stories of John Cheever">The Stories of John Cheever</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Cheever" title="John Cheever">John Cheever</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Is_Rich" title="Rabbit Is Rich">Rabbit Is Rich</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Updike</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/So_Long,_See_You_Tomorrow_(novel)" title="So Long, See You Tomorrow (novel)">So Long, See You Tomorrow</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Keepers_Maxwell,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="William Keepers Maxwell, Jr.">William Maxwell</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple" title="The Color Purple">The Color Purple</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Walker" title="Alice Walker">Alice Walker</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Stories_of_Eudora_Welty" title="The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty">The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty</a> by <a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a> (1983)</li> <li>Victory Over Japan by <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Gilchrist" title="Ellen Gilchrist">Ellen Gilchrist</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Noise_(novel)" title="White Noise (novel)">White Noise</a> by <a href="/wiki/Don_DeLillo" title="Don DeLillo">Don DeLillo</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World%27s_Fair_(novel)" title="World's Fair (novel)">World's Fair</a> by <a href="/wiki/E._L._Doctorow" title="E. L. Doctorow">E. L. Doctorow</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paco%27s_Story" title="Paco's Story">Paco's Story</a> by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Heinemann" title="Larry Heinemann">Larry Heinemann</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Trout_(novel)" title="Paris Trout (novel)">Paris Trout</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pete_Dexter" title="Pete Dexter">Pete Dexter</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartina_(novel)" title="Spartina (novel)">Spartina</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Casey_(novelist)" title="John Casey (novelist)">John Casey</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Passage_(novel)" title="Middle Passage (novel)">Middle Passage</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Johnson" title="Charles R. Johnson">Charles Johnson</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mating_(novel)" title="Mating (novel)">Mating</a> by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rush" title="Norman Rush">Norman Rush</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_Pretty_Horses_(novel)" title="All the Pretty Horses (novel)">All the Pretty Horses</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cormac_McCarthy" title="Cormac McCarthy">Cormac McCarthy</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shipping_News" title="The Shipping News">The Shipping News</a> by <a href="/wiki/Annie_Proulx" title="Annie Proulx">E. Annie Proulx</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Frolic_of_His_Own" title="A Frolic of His Own">A Frolic of His Own</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Gaddis" title="William Gaddis">William Gaddis</a> (1994) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath%27s_Theater" title="Sabbath's Theater">Sabbath's Theater</a> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a> (1995)</li> <li>Ship Fever and Other Stories by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Barrett" title="Andrea Barrett">Andrea Barrett</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_Mountain_(novel)" title="Cold Mountain (novel)">Cold Mountain</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Frazier" title="Charles Frazier">Charles Frazier</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charming_Billy" title="Charming Billy">Charming Billy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alice_McDermott" title="Alice McDermott">Alice McDermott</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiting_(novel)" title="Waiting (novel)">Waiting</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ha_Jin" title="Ha Jin">Ha Jin</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_America_(novel)" title="In America (novel)">In America</a> by <a href="/wiki/Susan_Sontag" title="Susan Sontag">Susan Sontag</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Corrections" title="The Corrections">The Corrections</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Franzen" title="Jonathan Franzen">Jonathan Franzen</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Junes" title="Three Junes">Three Junes</a> by <a href="/wiki/Julia_Glass" title="Julia Glass">Julia Glass</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Fire_(Hazzard_novel)" title="The Great Fire (Hazzard novel)">The Great Fire</a> by <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Hazzard" title="Shirley Hazzard">Shirley Hazzard</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_News_from_Paraguay" title="The News from Paraguay">The News from Paraguay</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lily_Tuck" title="Lily Tuck">Lily Tuck</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Central" title="Europe Central">Europe Central</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_T._Vollmann" title="William T. Vollmann">William T. Vollmann</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Echo_Maker" title="The Echo Maker">The Echo Maker</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Powers" title="Richard Powers">Richard Powers</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Smoke" title="Tree of Smoke">Tree of Smoke</a> by <a href="/wiki/Denis_Johnson" title="Denis Johnson">Denis Johnson</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Country" title="Shadow Country">Shadow Country</a> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Matthiessen" title="Peter Matthiessen">Peter Matthiessen</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let_the_Great_World_Spin" title="Let the Great World Spin">Let the Great World Spin</a> by <a href="/wiki/Colum_McCann" title="Colum McCann">Colum McCann</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Misrule_(novel)" title="Lord of Misrule (novel)">Lord of Misrule</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jaimy_Gordon" title="Jaimy Gordon">Jaimy Gordon</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_the_Bones" title="Salvage the Bones">Salvage the Bones</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jesmyn_Ward" title="Jesmyn Ward">Jesmyn Ward</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Round_House_(novel)" title="The Round House (novel)">The Round House</a> by <a href="/wiki/Louise_Erdrich" title="Louise Erdrich">Louise Erdrich</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Lord_Bird" title="The Good Lord Bird">The Good Lord Bird</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_McBride_(writer)" title="James McBride (writer)">James McBride</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeployment_(short_story_collection)" title="Redeployment (short story collection)">Redeployment</a> by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Klay" title="Phil Klay">Phil Klay</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune_Smiles" title="Fortune Smiles">Fortune Smiles</a> by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Johnson_(writer)" title="Adam Johnson (writer)">Adam Johnson</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Underground_Railroad_(novel)" title="The Underground Railroad (novel)"> The Underground Railroad</a> by <a href="/wiki/Colson_Whitehead" title="Colson Whitehead">Colson Whitehead</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sing,_Unburied,_Sing" title="Sing, Unburied, Sing">Sing, Unburied, Sing</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jesmyn_Ward" title="Jesmyn Ward">Jesmyn Ward</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Friend_(novel)" title="The Friend (novel)">The Friend</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Nunez" title="Sigrid Nunez">Sigrid Nunez</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_Exercise" title="Trust Exercise">Trust Exercise</a> by <a href="/wiki/Susan_Choi" title="Susan Choi">Susan Choi</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_Chinatown" title="Interior Chinatown">Interior Chinatown</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Yu" title="Charles Yu">Charles Yu</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_of_a_Book" title="Hell of a Book">Hell of a Book</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jason_Mott" title="Jason Mott">Jason Mott</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rabbit_Hutch" title="The Rabbit Hutch">The Rabbit Hutch</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tess_Gunty" title="Tess Gunty">Tess Gunty</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackouts_(novel)" title="Blackouts (novel)">Blackouts</a> by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Torres" title="Justin Torres">Justin Torres</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(1980s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template talk:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(1980s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts recipients</a> (1980s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Carter" title="Elliott Carter">Elliott Carter Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Ellison" title="Ralph Ellison">Ralph Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer" title="José Ferrer">José Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Nevelson" title="Louise Nevelson">Louise Nevelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Buffum_Chandler" title="Dorothy Buffum Chandler">Dorothy Buffum Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Kirstein" title="Lincoln Kirstein">Lincoln Kirstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mellon" title="Paul Mellon">Paul Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Tully" title="Alice Tully">Alice Tully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Cards" title="Hallmark Cards">Hallmark Cards, Inc.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Aaron Copland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Willem de Kooning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_de_Mille" title="Agnes de Mille">Agnes de Mille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Le_Gallienne" title="Eva Le Gallienne">Eva Le Gallienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax">Alan Lomax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Mumford" title="Lewis Mumford">Lewis Mumford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Menil" title="Dominique de Menil">Dominique de Menil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">Exxon Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_H._Knox_II" title="Seymour H. Knox II">Seymour H. Knox II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romare_Bearden" title="Romare Bearden">Romare Bearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Nemerov" title="Howard Nemerov">Howard Nemerov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alwin_Nikolais" title="Alwin Nikolais">Alwin Nikolais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Noguchi" title="Isamu Noguchi">Isamu Noguchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Schuman" title="William Schuman">William Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Penn_Warren" title="Robert Penn Warren">Robert Penn Warren</a></li> <li>J. W. Fisher</li> <li>Frances Fisher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Hammer" title="Armand Hammer">Armand Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Lewis" title="Sydney Lewis">Sydney Lewis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Parks" title="Gordon Parks">Gordon Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._M._Pei" title="I. M. Pei">I. M. Pei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Serkin" title="Rudolf Serkin">Rudolf Serkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Thomson" title="Virgil Thomson">Virgil Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Joseph_Freedberg" title="Sydney Joseph Freedberg">Sydney J. Freedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_L._Stevens" title="Roger L. Stevens">Roger L. Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Astor" title="Brooke Astor">Brooke Astor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Goelet" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Goelet">Francis Goelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obert_C._Tanner" title="Obert C. Tanner">Obert Clark Tanner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Leopold Adler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Dunham" title="Katherine Dunham">Katherine Dunham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Eisenstaedt" title="Alfred Eisenstaedt">Alfred Eisenstaedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Friedman_(museum_director)" title="Martin Friedman (museum director)">Martin Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Gerdine" title="Leigh Gerdine">Leigh Gerdine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Hancock" title="Walker Hancock">Walker Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Czesław Miłosz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Motherwell" title="Robert Motherwell">Robert Motherwell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Updike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Dayton Hudson Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recipients_of_the_National_Medal_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of recipients of the National Medal of Arts">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Template:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Template talk:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Previously the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel from 1917–1947</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1918–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/His_Family" title="His Family">His Family</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Poole" title="Ernest Poole">Ernest Poole</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Magnificent_Ambersons" title="The Magnificent Ambersons">The Magnificent Ambersons</a> by <a href="/wiki/Booth_Tarkington" title="Booth Tarkington">Booth Tarkington</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_Innocence" title="The Age of Innocence">The Age of Innocence</a> by <a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Adams_(novel)" title="Alice Adams (novel)">Alice Adams</a> by <a href="/wiki/Booth_Tarkington" title="Booth Tarkington">Booth Tarkington</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_of_Ours" title="One of Ours">One of Ours</a> by <a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Able_McLaughlins" title="The Able McLaughlins">The Able McLaughlins</a> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Wilson_(novelist)" title="Margaret Wilson (novelist)">Margaret Wilson</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/So_Big_(novel)" title="So Big (novel)">So Big</a> by <a href="/wiki/Edna_Ferber" title="Edna Ferber">Edna Ferber</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowsmith_(novel)" title="Arrowsmith (novel)">Arrowsmith</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a> (1926; declined)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Autumn" title="Early Autumn">Early Autumn</a> by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bromfield" title="Louis Bromfield">Louis Bromfield</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_of_San_Luis_Rey" title="The Bridge of San Luis Rey">The Bridge of San Luis Rey</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Thornton Wilder</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Sister_Mary" title="Scarlet Sister Mary">Scarlet Sister Mary</a> by <a href="/wiki/Julia_Peterkin" title="Julia Peterkin">Julia Peterkin</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laughing_Boy_(novel)" title="Laughing Boy (novel)">Laughing Boy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_La_Farge" title="Oliver La Farge">Oliver La Farge</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Grace" title="Years of Grace">Years of Grace</a> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Ayer_Barnes" title="Margaret Ayer Barnes">Margaret Ayer Barnes</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Earth" title="The Good Earth">The Good Earth</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Store_(novel)" title="The Store (novel)">The Store</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sigismund_Stribling" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Sigismund Stribling">Thomas Sigismund Stribling</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_in_His_Bosom" title="Lamb in His Bosom">Lamb in His Bosom</a> by <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Pafford_Miller" title="Caroline Pafford Miller">Caroline Pafford Miller</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_in_November" title="Now in November">Now in November</a> by <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Johnson" title="Josephine Johnson">Josephine Winslow Johnson</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_in_the_Horn" title="Honey in the Horn">Honey in the Horn</a> by <a href="/wiki/H._L._Davis" title="H. L. Davis">Harold L. Davis</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(novel)" title="Gone with the Wind (novel)">Gone with the Wind</a> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mitchell" title="Margaret Mitchell">Margaret Mitchell</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Late_George_Apley" title="The Late George Apley">The Late George Apley</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_P._Marquand" title="John P. Marquand">John Phillips Marquand</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Yearling" title="The Yearling">The Yearling</a> by <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Kinnan_Rawlings" title="Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings">Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="The Grapes of Wrath">The Grapes of Wrath</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_This_Our_Life_(novel)" title="In This Our Life (novel)">In This Our Life</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Glasgow" title="Ellen Glasgow">Ellen Glasgow</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_Teeth_(novel)" title="Dragon's Teeth (novel)">Dragon's Teeth</a> by <a href="/wiki/Upton_Sinclair" title="Upton Sinclair">Upton Sinclair</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_in_the_Dark" title="Journey in the Dark">Journey in the Dark</a> by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Flavin" title="Martin Flavin">Martin Flavin</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Bell_for_Adano_(novel)" title="A Bell for Adano (novel)">A Bell for Adano</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Hersey" title="John Hersey">John Hersey</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Men" title="All the King's Men">All the King's Men</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Penn_Warren" title="Robert Penn Warren">Robert Penn Warren</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_the_South_Pacific" title="Tales of the South Pacific">Tales of the South Pacific</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_A._Michener" title="James A. Michener">James A. Michener</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_of_Honor" title="Guard of Honor">Guard of Honor</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_Gould_Cozzens" title="James Gould Cozzens">James Gould Cozzens</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Way_West" title="The Way West">The Way West</a> by <a href="/wiki/A._B._Guthrie_Jr." title="A. B. Guthrie Jr.">A. B. Guthrie Jr.</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Town_(Richter_novel)" title="The Town (Richter novel)">The Town</a> by <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Richter" title="Conrad Richter">Conrad Richter</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caine_Mutiny" title="The Caine Mutiny">The Caine Mutiny</a> by <a href="/wiki/Herman_Wouk" title="Herman Wouk">Herman Wouk</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_and_the_Sea" title="The Old Man and the Sea">The Old Man and the Sea</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Fable" title="A Fable">A Fable</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andersonville_(novel)" title="Andersonville (novel)">Andersonville</a> by <a href="/wiki/MacKinlay_Kantor" title="MacKinlay Kantor">MacKinlay Kantor</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Death_in_the_Family" title="A Death in the Family">A Death in the Family</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_Agee" title="James Agee">James Agee</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Travels_of_Jaimie_McPheeters" title="The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters">The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lewis_Taylor" title="Robert Lewis Taylor">Robert Lewis Taylor</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advise_and_Consent" title="Advise and Consent">Advise and Consent</a> by <a href="/wiki/Allen_Drury" title="Allen Drury">Allen Drury</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Kill_a_Mockingbird" title="To Kill a Mockingbird">To Kill a Mockingbird</a> by <a href="/wiki/Harper_Lee" title="Harper Lee">Harper Lee</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Edge_of_Sadness" title="The Edge of Sadness">The Edge of Sadness</a> by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_O%27Connor" title="Edwin O'Connor">Edwin O'Connor</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reivers" title="The Reivers">The Reivers</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Keepers_of_the_House" title="The Keepers of the House">The Keepers of the House</a> by <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Grau" title="Shirley Ann Grau">Shirley Ann Grau</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Stories_of_Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter">The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter</a> by <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Katherine Anne Porter</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fixer_(novel)" title="The Fixer (novel)">The Fixer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Malamud" title="Bernard Malamud">Bernard Malamud</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Confessions_of_Nat_Turner" title="The Confessions of Nat Turner">The Confessions of Nat Turner</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Made_of_Dawn" title="House Made of Dawn">House Made of Dawn</a> by <a href="/wiki/N._Scott_Momaday" title="N. Scott Momaday">N. Scott Momaday</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Stories_of_Jean_Stafford" title="The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford">The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Stafford" title="Jean Stafford">Jean Stafford</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angle_of_Repose" title="Angle of Repose">Angle of Repose</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stegner" title="Wallace Stegner">Wallace Stegner</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Optimist%27s_Daughter" title="The Optimist's Daughter">The Optimist's Daughter</a> by <a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity%27s_Rainbow" title="Gravity's Rainbow">No award given</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Killer_Angels" title="The Killer Angels">The Killer Angels</a> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Shaara" title="Michael Shaara">Michael Shaara</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt%27s_Gift" title="Humboldt's Gift">Humboldt's Gift</a> by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_River_Runs_Through_It_(novel)#Pulitzer_Prize" title="A River Runs Through It (novel)">No award given</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbow_Room_(short_story_collection)" title="Elbow Room (short story collection)">Elbow Room</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_Alan_McPherson" title="James Alan McPherson">James Alan McPherson</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stories_of_John_Cheever" title="The Stories of John Cheever">The Stories of John Cheever</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Cheever" title="John Cheever">John Cheever</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Executioner%27s_Song" title="The Executioner's Song">The Executioner's Song</a> by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer" title="Norman Mailer">Norman Mailer</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Confederacy_of_Dunces" title="A Confederacy of Dunces">A Confederacy of Dunces</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Kennedy_Toole" title="John Kennedy Toole">John Kennedy Toole</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Is_Rich" title="Rabbit Is Rich">Rabbit Is Rich</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Updike</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple" title="The Color Purple">The Color Purple</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Walker" title="Alice Walker">Alice Walker</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironweed_(novel)" title="Ironweed (novel)">Ironweed</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_(author)" title="William Kennedy (author)">William Kennedy</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_(novel)" title="Foreign Affairs (novel)">Foreign Affairs</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alison_Lurie" title="Alison Lurie">Alison Lurie</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonesome_Dove" title="Lonesome Dove">Lonesome Dove</a> by <a href="/wiki/Larry_McMurtry" title="Larry McMurtry">Larry McMurtry</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Summons_to_Memphis" title="A Summons to Memphis">A Summons to Memphis</a> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Matthew_Hillsman_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Matthew Hillsman Taylor">Peter Taylor</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beloved_(novel)" title="Beloved (novel)">Beloved</a> by <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breathing_Lessons" title="Breathing Lessons">Breathing Lessons</a> by <a href="/wiki/Anne_Tyler" title="Anne Tyler">Anne Tyler</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mambo_Kings_Play_Songs_of_Love" title="The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love">The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love</a> by <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hijuelos" title="Oscar Hijuelos">Oscar Hijuelos</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_at_Rest" title="Rabbit at Rest">Rabbit at Rest</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Updike</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Thousand_Acres" title="A Thousand Acres">A Thousand Acres</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jane_Smiley" title="Jane Smiley">Jane Smiley</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Good_Scent_from_a_Strange_Mountain" title="A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain">A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Olen_Butler" title="Robert Olen Butler">Robert Olen Butler</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shipping_News" title="The Shipping News">The Shipping News</a> by <a href="/wiki/Annie_Proulx" title="Annie Proulx">E. Annie Proulx</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Diaries" title="The Stone Diaries">The Stone Diaries</a> by <a href="/wiki/Carol_Shields" title="Carol Shields">Carol Shields</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Ford_novel)" title="Independence Day (Ford novel)">Independence Day</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ford" title="Richard Ford">Richard Ford</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Dressler:_The_Tale_of_an_American_Dreamer" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer">Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Millhauser" title="Steven Millhauser">Steven Millhauser</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Pastoral" title="American Pastoral">American Pastoral</a> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hours_(novel)" title="The Hours (novel)">The Hours</a> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cunningham" title="Michael Cunningham">Michael Cunningham</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpreter_of_Maladies" title="Interpreter of Maladies">Interpreter of Maladies</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jhumpa_Lahiri" title="Jhumpa Lahiri">Jhumpa Lahiri</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Adventures_of_Kavalier_%26_Clay" title="The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay">The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay</a> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chabon" title="Michael Chabon">Michael Chabon</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_Falls" title="Empire Falls">Empire Falls</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Russo" title="Richard Russo">Richard Russo</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_(novel)" title="Middlesex (novel)">Middlesex</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Eugenides" title="Jeffrey Eugenides">Jeffrey Eugenides</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Known_World" title="The Known World">The Known World</a> by <a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Jones" title="Edward P. Jones">Edward P. Jones</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilead_(novel)" title="Gilead (novel)">Gilead</a> by <a href="/wiki/Marilynne_Robinson" title="Marilynne Robinson">Marilynne Robinson</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_(novel)" title="March (novel)">March</a> by <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Brooks_(writer)" title="Geraldine Brooks (writer)">Geraldine Brooks</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road" title="The Road">The Road</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cormac_McCarthy" title="Cormac McCarthy">Cormac McCarthy</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brief_Wondrous_Life_of_Oscar_Wao" title="The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao">The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao</a> by <a href="/wiki/Junot_D%C3%ADaz" title="Junot Díaz">Junot Díaz</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Kitteridge" title="Olive Kitteridge">Olive Kitteridge</a> by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Strout" title="Elizabeth Strout">Elizabeth Strout</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinkers_(novel)" title="Tinkers (novel)">Tinkers</a> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Harding_(author)" title="Paul Harding (author)">Paul Harding</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Visit_from_the_Goon_Squad" title="A Visit from the Goon Squad">A Visit from the Goon Squad</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Egan" title="Jennifer Egan">Jennifer Egan</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Pulitzer_Prize" title="2012 Pulitzer Prize">No award given</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Orphan_Master%27s_Son" title="The Orphan Master's Son">The Orphan Master's Son</a> by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Johnson_(writer)" title="Adam Johnson (writer)">Adam Johnson</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Goldfinch_(novel)" title="The Goldfinch (novel)">The Goldfinch</a> by <a href="/wiki/Donna_Tartt" title="Donna Tartt">Donna Tartt</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_Light_We_Cannot_See" title="All the Light We Cannot See">All the Light We Cannot See</a> by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Doerr" title="Anthony Doerr">Anthony Doerr</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sympathizer" title="The Sympathizer">The Sympathizer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Viet_Thanh_Nguyen" title="Viet Thanh Nguyen">Viet Thanh Nguyen</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Underground_Railroad_(novel)" title="The Underground Railroad (novel)">The Underground Railroad</a> by <a href="/wiki/Colson_Whitehead" title="Colson Whitehead">Colson Whitehead</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Less_(novel)" title="Less (novel)">Less</a> by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sean_Greer" title="Andrew Sean Greer">Andrew Sean Greer</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Overstory" title="The Overstory">The Overstory</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Powers" title="Richard Powers">Richard Powers</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nickel_Boys" title="The Nickel Boys">The Nickel Boys</a> by <a href="/wiki/Colson_Whitehead" title="Colson Whitehead">Colson Whitehead</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Night_Watchman_(novel)" title="The Night Watchman (novel)">The Night Watchman</a> by <a href="/wiki/Louise_Erdrich" title="Louise Erdrich">Louise Erdrich</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Netanyahus" title="The Netanyahus">The Netanyahus</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Cohen_(writer)" title="Joshua Cohen (writer)">Joshua Cohen</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demon_Copperhead" title="Demon Copperhead">Demon Copperhead</a> by <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kingsolver" title="Barbara Kingsolver">Barbara Kingsolver</a> / <a href="/wiki/Trust_(novel)" title="Trust (novel)">Trust</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hernan_Diaz_(writer)" title="Hernan Diaz (writer)">Hernan Diaz</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Watch_(Phillips_novel)" title="Night Watch (Phillips novel)">Night Watch</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jayne_Anne_Phillips" title="Jayne Anne Phillips">Jayne Anne Phillips</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105756#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105756#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105756#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120966345">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/90712179">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/31348/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjdhKTWdwgTdP6kmbDXh3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118803492">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79018616">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11927345r">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11927345r">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00459391">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV010296">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36583763">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990008702&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX982666">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/129868">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068786123">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90058949">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000015861&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000003753&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000036085">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=109513">Greece</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=73341">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199628315">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/fcrtql8z2lw56ds">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810677442205606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007300169705171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058524097006706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14248055">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00622543?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/483bb070-d042-4a33-b8f2-5406968308d6">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/309572">RKD Artists</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/382874">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118803492.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118803492">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02757332X">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10580965">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69s1r6q">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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