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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Spanish response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1643 failed expedition to Chile</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Dutch expedition to Valdivia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Detalle_Expedici%C3%B3n_de_Hendrick_Brouwer_en_Valdivia_1643.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Detalle_Expedici%C3%B3n_de_Hendrick_Brouwer_en_Valdivia_1643.jpg/250px-Detalle_Expedici%C3%B3n_de_Hendrick_Brouwer_en_Valdivia_1643.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Detalle_Expedici%C3%B3n_de_Hendrick_Brouwer_en_Valdivia_1643.jpg/375px-Detalle_Expedici%C3%B3n_de_Hendrick_Brouwer_en_Valdivia_1643.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Detalle_Expedici%C3%B3n_de_Hendrick_Brouwer_en_Valdivia_1643.jpg/500px-Detalle_Expedici%C3%B3n_de_Hendrick_Brouwer_en_Valdivia_1643.jpg 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="487" /></a> Detail from the 1646 book Journael Ende Historis Verhael van de Reyse gedaen by Oosten de Straet le Maire, naer de Custen van Chili, onder het beleyt van den heer Generael Hendrick Brouwer, Inden Jare 1643</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>6 November 1642 – 28 December 1643 (1 year, 1 month, 3 weeks and 1 day)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">The Pacific coast of Spanish South America</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Dutch failure <ul><li>The Dutch leave Valdivia and then it is occupied by the Spanish</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/23px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/35px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/45px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/23px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/35px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/45px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Brouwer" title="Hendrik Brouwer">Hendrik Brouwer</a>  <a href="/wiki/Death_by_natural_causes" class="mw-redirect" title="Death by natural causes">#</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/23px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/35px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/45px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Elias Herckmans</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Chiloé forces:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Andrés Herrera <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Alvarado" title="Fernando de Alvarado">Fernando de Alvarado</a></li></ul> Response (1644–1645):<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Toledo,_1st_Marquis_of_Mancera" title="Pedro de Toledo, 1st Marquis of Mancera">Pedro de Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Sebasti%C3%A1n_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo,_2nd_Marquess_of_Mancera" title="Antonio Sebastián Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Marquess of Mancera">Antonio de Toledo</a></li> <li>Alonso de Mujica</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_L%C3%B3pez_de_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga,_2nd_Marquis_of_Baides" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco López de Zúñiga, 2nd Marquis of Baides">F. López de Zúñiga</a></li> <li>Juan de Acevedo</li></ul> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%"> Several ships 600 men</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eighty_Years&#039;_War" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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title="Template talk:Campaignbox Eighty Years' War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Eighty Years' War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eighty_Years&#039;_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Origins of the Eighty Years' War">Origins</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_of_the_Eighty_Years%27_War" title="List of battles of the Eighty Years' War">List of battles</a> </dt></dl> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War,_1566%E2%80%931572" title="Eighty Years' War, 1566–1572">1566–1572</a></dt></dl> Western Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beeldenstorm" title="Beeldenstorm">Beeldenstorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Valenciennes_(1567)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Valenciennes (1567)">Valenciennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wattrelos" title="Battle of Wattrelos">Wattrelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lannoy" title="Battle of Lannoy">Lannoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oosterweel" title="Battle of Oosterweel">Oosterweel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dahlen" title="Battle of Dahlen">Dahlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Heiligerlee_(1568)" title="Battle of Heiligerlee (1568)">Heiligerlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jemmingen" title="Battle of Jemmingen">Jemmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jodoigne" title="Battle of Jodoigne">Jodoigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Le_Quesnoy_(1568)" title="Battle of Le Quesnoy (1568)">Le Quesnoy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War,_1572%E2%80%931576" title="Eighty Years' War, 1572–1576">1572–1576</a></dt></dl> Western Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Brielle" title="Capture of Brielle">Brielle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mons_(1572)" title="Siege of Mons (1572)">Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Fury_at_Mechelen" title="Spanish Fury at Mechelen">1st Mechelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_of_Goes" title="Relief of Goes">Goes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Naarden" title="Massacre of Naarden">Naarden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Middelburg_(1572%E2%80%931574)" title="Siege of Middelburg (1572–1574)">Middelburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Haarlem" title="Siege of Haarlem">Haarlem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_IJsselmeer" title="Battle of IJsselmeer">IJsselmeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Alkmaar" title="Siege of Alkmaar">Alkmaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Geertruidenberg_(1573)" title="Capture of Geertruidenberg (1573)">1st Geertruidenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leiden" title="Siege of Leiden">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delft_(1573)" title="Battle of Delft (1573)">Delft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Valkenburg_(1574)" title="Capture of Valkenburg (1574)">Valkenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mookerheyde" title="Battle of Mookerheyde">Mookerheyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Oudewater_(1575)" title="Siege of Oudewater (1575)">Oudewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Schoonhoven_(1575)" title="Siege of Schoonhoven (1575)">Schoonhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zierikzee" title="Siege of Zierikzee">Zierikzee</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>European waters</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Flushing" title="Battle of Flushing">Flushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borsele" title="Battle of Borsele">Borsele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haarlemmermeer" title="Battle of Haarlemmermeer">Haarlemmermeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_on_the_Zuiderzee" title="Battle on the Zuiderzee">Zuiderzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Scheldt_(1574)" title="Battle of the Scheldt (1574)">Reimerswaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lillo" title="Battle of Lillo">Lillo</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War,_1576%E2%80%931579" title="Eighty Years' War, 1576–1579">1576–1579</a></dt></dl> Western Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Antwerp" title="Sack of Antwerp">1st Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gembloux_(1578)" title="Battle of Gembloux (1578)">Gembloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rijmenam" title="Battle of Rijmenam">Rijmenam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Deventer_(1578)" title="Siege of Deventer (1578)">1st Deventer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borgerhout" title="Battle of Borgerhout">Borgerhout</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War,_1579%E2%80%931588" title="Eighty Years' War, 1579–1588">1579–1588</a></dt></dl> Western Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Maastricht_(1579)" title="Siege of Maastricht (1579)">1st Maastricht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Fury_at_Mechelen" title="English Fury at Mechelen">2nd Mechelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_of_Diest_(1580)" title="Taking of Diest (1580)">Diest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Steenwijk_(1580%E2%80%931581)" title="Siege of Steenwijk (1580–1581)">1st Steenwijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kollum" title="Battle of Kollum">Kollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Breda_(1581)" title="Capture of Breda (1581)">1st Breda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Noordhorn" title="Battle of Noordhorn">Noordhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Niezijl" title="Siege of Niezijl">Niezijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lochem_(1582)" title="Siege of Lochem (1582)">Lochem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lier_(1582)" title="Siege of Lier (1582)">1st Lier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fury" title="French Fury">2nd Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Eindhoven_(1583)" title="Siege of Eindhoven (1583)">Eindhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Steenbergen_(1583)" title="Battle of Steenbergen (1583)">Steenbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ghent_(1583%E2%80%931584)" title="Siege of Ghent (1583–1584)">Ghent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Aalst_(1584)" title="Capture of Aalst (1584)">Aalst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Antwerp" title="Fall of Antwerp">3rd Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_IJsseloord" title="Siege of IJsseloord">Arnhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Empel" title="Battle of Empel">Empel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boksum" title="Battle of Boksum">Boksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Grave_(1586)" title="Siege of Grave (1586)">1st Grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Venlo_(1586)" title="Siege of Venlo (1586)">1st Venlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Axel" title="Capture of Axel">Axel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Neuss" title="Destruction of Neuss">Neuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rheinberg_(1586%E2%80%931590)" title="Siege of Rheinberg (1586–1590)">1st Rheinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zutphen" title="Battle of Zutphen">1st Zutphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sluis_(1587)" title="Siege of Sluis (1587)">1st Sluis</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>European waters</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vila_Franca_do_Campo" title="Battle of Vila Franca do Campo">Ponta Delgada</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Ten_Years_(Eighty_Years%27_War)" title="Ten Years (Eighty Years' War)">Ten Years, 1588–1598</a></dt></dl> Western Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bergen_op_Zoom_(1588)" title="Siege of Bergen op Zoom (1588)">1st Bergen op Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Geertruidenberg_(1589)" title="Capture of Geertruidenberg (1589)">2nd Geertruidenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Breda_(1590)" title="Capture of Breda (1590)">2nd Breda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zutphen_(1591)" title="Siege of Zutphen (1591)">2nd Zutphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Deventer_(1591)" title="Siege of Deventer (1591)">2nd Deventer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Delfzijl" title="Capture of Delfzijl">Delfzijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Knodsenburg" title="Siege of Knodsenburg">Knodsenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hulst_(1591)" title="Siege of Hulst (1591)">1st Hulst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nijmegen_(1591)" title="Siege of Nijmegen (1591)">Nijmegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rouen_(1591-1592)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Rouen (1591-1592)">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Caudebec" title="Siege of Caudebec">Caudebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Steenwijk_(1592)" title="Siege of Steenwijk (1592)">2nd Steenwijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Coevorden_(1592)" title="Siege of Coevorden (1592)">1st Coevorden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxemburg_campaigns#First_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxemburg campaigns">1st Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Geertruidenberg_(1593)" title="Siege of Geertruidenberg (1593)">3rd Geertruidenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Coevorden_(1593)" title="Siege of Coevorden (1593)">2nd Coevorden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groningen_(1594)" title="Siege of Groningen (1594)">Groningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxemburg_campaigns#Second_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxemburg campaigns">2nd Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Huy_(1595)" title="Siege of Huy (1595)">Huy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groenlo_(1595)" title="Siege of Groenlo (1595)">1st Groenlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lippe" title="Battle of the Lippe">Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Lier" title="Sack of Lier">2nd Lier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Calais_(1596)" title="Siege of Calais (1596)">Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hulst_(1596)" title="Siege of Hulst (1596)">2nd Hulst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turnhout_(1597)" title="Battle of Turnhout (1597)">Turnhout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rheinberg_(1597)" title="Siege of Rheinberg (1597)">2nd Rheinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Meurs_(1597)" title="Siege of Meurs (1597)">1st Meurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groenlo_(1597)" title="Siege of Groenlo (1597)">2nd Groenlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bredevoort_(1597)" title="Siege of Bredevoort (1597)">Bredevoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Enschede_(1597)" title="Capture of Enschede (1597)">Enschede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Ootmarsum" title="Capture of Ootmarsum">Ootmarsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Oldenzaal_(1597)" title="Siege of Oldenzaal (1597)">1st Oldenzaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lingen_(1597)" title="Siege of Lingen (1597)">1st Lingen</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>European waters</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">1st English Channel · Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bayona_Islands_(1590)" title="Battle of Bayona Islands (1590)">Bayona Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Almer%C3%ADa_(1591)" title="Battle of the Gulf of Almería (1591)">Gulf of Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Capture of Cádiz">1st Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_Voyage" title="Islands Voyage">Azores</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War,_1599%E2%80%931609" title="Eighty Years' War, 1599–1609">1599–1609</a></dt></dl> Western Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Schenckenschans_(1599)" title="Siege of Schenckenschans (1599)">1st Schenckenschans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zaltbommel" title="Siege of Zaltbommel">Zaltbommel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rees_(1599)" title="Siege of Rees (1599)">Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_San_Andreas_(1600)" title="Siege of San Andreas (1600)">San Andreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lekkerbeetje" title="Battle of Lekkerbeetje">Lekkerbeetje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nieuwpoort" title="Battle of Nieuwpoort">Nieuwpoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rheinberg_(1601)" title="Siege of Rheinberg (1601)">3rd Rheinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ostend" title="Siege of Ostend">Ostend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_%27s-Hertogenbosch_(1601)" title="Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch (1601)">1st 's-Hertogenbosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Grave_(1602)" title="Siege of Grave (1602)">2nd Grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutiny_of_Hoogstraten" title="Mutiny of Hoogstraten">Hoogstraaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sluis_(1604)" title="Siege of Sluis (1604)">3rd Sluis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lingen_(1605)" title="Siege of Lingen (1605)">2nd Lingen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Rheinberg_(1606)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Rheinberg (1606) (page does not exist)">4th Rheinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groenlo_(1606)" title="Siege of Groenlo (1606)">3rd Groenlo</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>European waters</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Narrow_Seas" title="Battle of the Narrow Seas">Dover Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sluis_(1603)" title="Battle of Sluis (1603)">2nd Sluis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Channel" title="Battle of the Channel">2nd English Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_St._Vincent_(1606)" title="Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1606)">1st Cape St. Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gibraltar_(1607)" title="Battle of Gibraltar (1607)">1st Gibraltar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Years%27_Truce" title="Twelve Years' Truce">Twelve Years' Truce</a>, 1609–1621</dt></dl> Western Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aachen_(1614)" title="Siege of Aachen (1614)">Aachen</a></li></ul> East Indies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Moluccas" title="Spanish conquest of the Moluccas">Ternate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Playa_Honda" title="Battle of Playa Honda">Playa Honda</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War,_1621%E2%80%931648" title="Eighty Years' War, 1621–1648">1621–1648</a></dt></dl> Western Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_J%C3%BClich_(1621%E2%80%931622)" title="Siege of Jülich (1621–1622)">Jülich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bergen_op_Zoom_(1622)" title="Siege of Bergen op Zoom (1622)">2nd Bergen op Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fleurus_(1622)" title="Battle of Fleurus (1622)">Fleurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breda_(1624)" title="Siege of Breda (1624)">3rd Breda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Oldenzaal_(1626)" title="Siege of Oldenzaal (1626)">2nd Oldenzaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groenlo_(1627)" title="Siege of Groenlo (1627)">4th Groenlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_%27s-Hertogenbosch" title="Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch">2nd 's-Hertogenbosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Henry%27s_Meuse_campaign" title="Frederick Henry's Meuse campaign">Meuse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Maastricht" title="Capture of Maastricht">2nd Maastricht</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Venlo_((1632)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Venlo ((1632) (page does not exist)">2nd Venlo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Roermond_(1632)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Roermond (1632) (page does not exist)">1st Roermond</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rheinberg_(1633)" title="Siege of Rheinberg (1633)">5th Rheinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leuven" title="Siege of Leuven">Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Schenkenschans" title="Siege of Schenkenschans">2nd Schenkenschans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breda_(1637)" title="Siege of Breda (1637)">4th Breda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Venlo_(1637)" title="Siege of Venlo (1637)">3rd Venlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Roermond" title="Capture of Roermond">2nd Roermond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kallo" title="Battle of Kallo">Kallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hulst_(1640)" title="Siege of Hulst (1640)">3rd Hulst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hulst_(1645)" title="Siege of Hulst (1645)">4th Hulst</a></li></ul> European waters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gibraltar_(1621)" title="Battle of Gibraltar (1621)">2nd Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz_expedition_(1625)" title="Cádiz expedition (1625)">2nd Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Slaak" title="Battle of the Slaak">Slaak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Lizard_Point" title="Battle off Lizard Point">Lizard Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_18_February_1639" title="Action of 18 February 1639">Dunkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_in_the_Channel" title="Fight in the Channel">3rd English Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Downs" title="Battle of the Downs">The Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_St._Vincent_(1641)" title="Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1641)">2nd Cape St. Vincent</a></li></ul> Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_of_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Recapture of Salvador">1st Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1625)" title="Battle of San Juan (1625)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_in_the_Bay_of_Matanzas" title="Battle in the Bay of Matanzas">Bay of Matanzas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abrolhos" title="Battle of Abrolhos">Abrolhos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Janszoon_van_Hoorn%27s_expedition_of_1633" title="Jan Janszoon van Hoorn's expedition of 1633">Trujillo · Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Saint_Martin_(1633)" title="Capture of Saint Martin (1633)">1st Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_the_Unare" title="Expedition to the Unare">1st Unare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Salvador_(1638)" title="Siege of Salvador (1638)">2nd Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caba%C3%B1as" title="Battle of Cabañas">Cabañas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_12%E2%80%9317_January_1640" title="Action of 12–17 January 1640">Itamaracá</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Southern Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Saint_Martin" title="Attack on Saint Martin">2nd Saint Martin</a></li></ul> East Indies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_30_September_1639" title="Action of 30 September 1639">Mormugão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Galle_(1640)" title="Siege of Galle (1640)">Galle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malacca_(1641)" title="Siege of Malacca (1641)">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Salvador_(1641)" title="Battle of San Salvador (1641)">1st San Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Salvador_(1642)" title="Battle of San Salvador (1642)">2nd San Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_La_Naval_de_Manila" title="Battles of La Naval de Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Puerto_de_Cavite" title="Battle of Puerto de Cavite">Cavite</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="Peace of Münster">Peace</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Aftermath of the Eighty Years' War">Aftermath</a> – <a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Historiography of the Eighty Years' War">Historiography</a></dt></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dutch_colonial_conflicts" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Dutch_colonial_campaigns" title="Template:Campaignbox Dutch colonial campaigns"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Dutch_colonial_campaigns" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Dutch colonial campaigns"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Dutch_colonial_campaigns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Dutch colonial campaigns"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dutch_colonial_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire">Dutch colonial conflicts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">17th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bantam" title="Battle of Bantam">Bantam (1601)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Amboina" title="Capture of Amboina">Amboina (1605)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malacca_(1606)" title="Siege of Malacca (1606)">Malacca (1606)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Rachado" title="Battle of Cape Rachado">Cape Rachado (1606)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mozambique_(1607)" title="Siege of Mozambique (1607)">Mozambique (1607)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mozambique_(1608)" title="Siege of Mozambique (1608)">Mozambique (1608)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_conquest_of_the_Banda_Islands" title="Dutch conquest of the Banda Islands">Banda Islands (1609–21)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_invasion_of_Johor" title="Acehnese invasion of Johor">Johor (1613)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Macau" title="Battle of Macau">Macau (1622)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Dutch_conflicts" title="Sino-Dutch conflicts">Pescadores (1622–24)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Salvador">Salvador (1624)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filips_van_Zuylen%27s_campaign_agaisnt_Luanda" title="Filips van Zuylen's campaign agaisnt Luanda">Luanda (1624)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_1_February_1625" title="Action of 1 February 1625">Persian Gulf (1625)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_of_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Recapture of Salvador">Salvador (1625)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elmina_(1625)" title="Battle of Elmina (1625)">Elmina (1625)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_in_the_Bay_of_Matanzas" title="Battle in the Bay of Matanzas">Cuba (1628)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Batavia" title="Siege of Batavia">Batavia (1628–29)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Recife_(1630)" title="Siege of Recife (1630)">Recife (1630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jambi" title="Battle of Jambi">Jambi (1630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abrolhos" title="Battle of Abrolhos">Abrolhos (1631)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liaoluo_Bay" title="Battle of Liaoluo Bay">Liaoluo Bay (1633)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_pacification_campaign_on_Formosa" title="Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa">Taiwan (1635–36)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mata_Redonda" title="Battle of Mata Redonda">Brazil (1636)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamey_Island_Massacre" title="Lamey Island Massacre">Liuqiu Island (1636)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_of_Porto_Calvo" title="Campaign of Porto Calvo">Porto Calvo (1637)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elmina_(1637)" title="Battle of Elmina (1637)">Elmina (1637)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%8Bnh%E2%80%93Nguy%E1%BB%85n_War" title="Trịnh–Nguyễn War">Vietnam (1637–43)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goa_(1638)" title="Battle of Goa (1638)">Goa (1638)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Salvador_(1638)" title="Siege of Salvador (1638)">Salvador (1638)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_30_September_1639" title="Action of 30 September 1639">Mormugão (1639)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_12%E2%80%9317_January_1640" title="Action of 12–17 January 1640">Itamaracá (1640)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Galle_(1640)" title="Siege of Galle (1640)">Ceylon (1640)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malacca_(1641)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Malacca (1641)">Malacca (1641)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Luanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Luanda">Luanda (1641)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Salvador_(1641)" title="Battle of San Salvador (1641)">Taiwan (1641)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Salvador_(1642)" title="Battle of San Salvador (1642)">Taiwan (1642)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chile (1643)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Dutch_War" title="Cambodian–Dutch War">Cambodia (1643–44)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieft%27s_War" title="Kieft's War">New Netherland (1643–45)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dano-Carical_Conflict" title="Dano-Carical Conflict">India (1644-45)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabocas" title="Battle of Tabocas">Tabocas (1645)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Casa_Forte" title="Battle of Casa Forte">Brazil (1645)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_La_Naval_de_Manila" title="Battles of La Naval de Manila">Philippines (1646)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kombi" title="Battle of Kombi">Kombi (1647)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Guararapes" title="First Battle of Guararapes">Guararapes (1648)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Guararapes" title="Second Battle of Guararapes">Guararapes (1649)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Huaiyi_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Guo Huaiyi Rebellion">Taiwan (1652)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_of_Recife_(1652-54)" class="mw-redirect" title="Recapture of Recife (1652-54)">2nd Recife (1652-1654)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_2_May_1654" title="Action of 2 May 1654">2nd Colombo (1654)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mannar_(1658)" title="Battle of Mannar (1658)">Mannar (1658)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Malabar_(1658-1663)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of Malabar (1658-1663)">Malabar (1658-1663)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esopus_Wars" title="Esopus Wars">New Netherland (1659–63)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoikhoi%E2%80%93Dutch_Wars" title="Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars">Cape Colony (1659-1677)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Zeelandia" title="Siege of Fort Zeelandia">Formosa (1661–62)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan-Dutch_War_(1670-1675)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kandyan-Dutch War (1670-1675)">Ceylon (1670-1670)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Masulipatnam" title="Battle of Masulipatnam">India (1673)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunajaya_rebellion" title="Trunajaya rebellion">Java (1674–80)</a></li></ul> 18th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Javanese_War_of_Succession" title="First Javanese War of Succession">Java (1704–07)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Javanese_War_of_Succession" title="Second Javanese War of Succession">Java (1719–23)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore%E2%80%93Dutch_War" title="Travancore–Dutch War">India (1739–41)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_War_(1741%E2%80%931743)" title="Java War (1741–1743)">Java (1741–43)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Penfui" title="Battle of Penfui">Penfui (1749)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Javanese_War_of_Succession" title="Third Javanese War of Succession">Java (1749–57)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan%E2%80%93Dutch_war_(1764%E2%80%931766)" title="Kandyan–Dutch war (1764–1766)">Ceylon (1764-1766)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Negapatam" title="Siege of Negapatam">India (1781)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Trincomalee" title="Capture of Trincomalee">Ceylon (1782)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley%27s_Gold_Coast_expedition" title="Shirley's Gold Coast expedition">Gold Coast (1782)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Cape_Colony" title="Invasion of the Cape Colony">Cape Colony (1795)</a></li></ul> 19th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Surinam_(1804)" title="Invasion of Surinam (1804)">Surinam (1804)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blaauwberg" title="Battle of Blaauwberg">Cape Colony (1806)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_campaign_of_1806%E2%80%9307" class="mw-redirect" title="Java campaign of 1806–07">Java (1806–07)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Spice_Islands" title="Invasion of the Spice Islands">Moluccas (1810)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Java_(1811)" title="Invasion of Java (1811)">Java (1811)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Algiers_(1816)" title="Bombardment of Algiers (1816)">Algiers (1816)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioners-General_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Interlude:_the_suppression_of_the_insurrection_of_Pattimura" title="Commissioners-General of the Dutch East Indies">Ambon (1817)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_expedition_to_Palembang" title="First expedition to Palembang">Palembang (1819)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_expedition_to_Palembang" title="Second expedition to Palembang">Palembang (1821)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padri_War" title="Padri War">Sumatra (1821–37)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_the_West_Coast_of_Borneo" title="Expedition to the West Coast of Borneo">Borneo (1823)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Bone_War" title="First Bone War">Bone (1824–25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_War" title="Java War">Java (1825–30)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_expedition_on_the_west_coast_of_Sumatra" title="Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra">Aceh (1831)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Ahanta_War" title="Dutch–Ahanta War">Ahanta (1837–39)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_intervention_in_Northern_Bali_(1846)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch intervention in Northern Bali (1846)">Bali (1846)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_intervention_in_Northern_Bali_(1848)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch intervention in Northern Bali (1848)">Bali (1848)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_intervention_in_Bali_(1849)" title="Dutch intervention in Bali (1849)">Bali (1849)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang_Bovenlanden_Expeditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Palembang Bovenlanden Expeditions">Palembang (1851–59)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_against_the_Chinese_in_Montrado" title="Expedition against the Chinese in Montrado">Montrado (1854–55)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nias_Expedition" title="Nias Expedition">Nias (1855–64)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_intervention_in_Bali_(1858)" title="Dutch intervention in Bali (1858)">Bali (1858)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bone_War" title="Second Bone War">Bone (1858–59)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjarmasin_War" title="Banjarmasin War">Borneo (1859–63)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_for_Shimonoseki" class="mw-redirect" title="Battles for Shimonoseki">Japan (1863–64)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasoemah_Expedition" title="Pasoemah Expedition">Pasoemah (1864–68)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Gold_Coast_expedition_of_1869%E2%80%9370" title="Dutch Gold Coast expedition of 1869–70">Gold Coast (1869–70)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aceh_War" title="Aceh War">Aceh (1873–1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_uprising_in_Mandor,_Borneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese uprising in Mandor, Borneo">Mandor (1884–85)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambi_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Jambi Uprising">Jambi (1885)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edi_Expedition" title="Edi Expedition">Edi (1890)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_intervention_in_Lombok_and_Karangasem" title="Dutch intervention in Lombok and Karangasem">Lombok and Karangasem (1894)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedir_Expedition" title="Pedir Expedition">Pedir (1897–98)</a></li></ul> 20th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerinci_Expedition" title="Kerinci Expedition">Kerinci (1903)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Bone_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Bone War">Bone (1905–06)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_intervention_in_Bali_(1906)" title="Dutch intervention in Bali (1906)">Bali (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_intervention_in_Bali_(1908)" title="Dutch intervention in Bali (1908)">Bali (1908)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Venezuelan_crisis_of_1908" title="Dutch–Venezuelan crisis of 1908">Venezuela (1908)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_campaign" title="Dutch East Indies campaign">Indonesia (1941–45)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesia (1946–49)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> The Dutch expedition to Valdivia was a naval expedition, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Brouwer" title="Hendrik Brouwer">Hendrik Brouwer</a>, sent by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> in 1643 to establish a base of operations and a trading post on the southern coast of Chile. With <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spain</a> and the Dutch Republic <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">at war</a>, the Dutch wished to take over the ruins of the abandoned Spanish city of <a href="/wiki/Valdivia" title="Valdivia">Valdivia</a>. The expedition sacked the Spanish settlements of <a href="/wiki/Carelmapu" title="Carelmapu">Carelmapu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castro,_Chile" title="Castro, Chile">Castro</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Archipelago" title="Chiloé Archipelago">Chiloé Archipelago</a> before sailing to Valdivia, having the initial support of the local natives. The Dutch arrived in Valdivia on 24 August 1643 and named the colony Brouwershaven after Brouwer, who had died several weeks earlier. The short-lived colony was abandoned on 28 October 1643. Nevertheless, the occupation caused great alarm among Spanish authorities. The Spanish resettled Valdivia and began the construction of an <a href="/wiki/Valdivian_Fort_System" title="Valdivian Fort System">extensive network of fortifications</a> in 1645 to prevent a similar intrusion. Although contemporaries considered the possibility of a new incursion, the expedition was the last one undertaken by the Dutch on the west coast of the Americas. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_expedition_to_Valdivia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Arauco_War" title="Arauco War">Arauco War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Brazil" title="Dutch Brazil">Dutch Brazil</a></div> On 23 December 1598, native <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a> warriors led by <a href="/wiki/Pelantaro" title="Pelantaro">Pelantaro</a> ambushed and wiped out a Spanish column at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Curalaba" title="Battle of Curalaba">Battle of Curalaba</a>. Following this, a general uprising developed among the Mapuche and <a href="/wiki/Huilliche" class="mw-redirect" title="Huilliche">Huilliche</a> people of southern Chile. The subsequent <a href="/wiki/Arauco_War" title="Arauco War">Arauco War</a> was to smolder for over 250 years but its immediate effect was the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Seven_Cities" title="Destruction of the Seven Cities">Destruction of the Seven Cities</a>": the Spanish settlements of <a href="/wiki/Angol" title="Angol">Angol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carahue" title="Carahue">La Imperial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osorno,_Chile" title="Osorno, Chile">Osorno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_O%C3%B1ez" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz de Oñez">Santa Cruz de Oñez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valdivia" title="Valdivia">Valdivia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villarrica,_Chile" title="Villarrica, Chile">Villarrica</a> were either destroyed or abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-Villaloboes109-1">[1]</a> Only <a href="/wiki/Chill%C3%A1n" title="Chillán">Chillán</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a> resisted the Mapuche sieges and attacks.<a href="#cite_note-BengoaAntiguo324-325-2">[2]</a> With the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Archipelago" title="Chiloé Archipelago">Chiloé Archipelago</a>, all the Chilean territory south of Bío Bío River became free of Spanish rule.<a href="#cite_note-Villaloboes109-1">[1]</a> The abandoned city of Valdivia turned into an attractive site for Spain's enemies to control since it would allow them to establish a base amidst Spain's Chilean possessions.<a href="#cite_note-MCLValcolonial-3">[3]</a> In 1600, local <a href="/wiki/Huilliche_people" title="Huilliche people">Huilliches</a> joined the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">corsair</a> <a href="/wiki/Baltazar_de_Cordes" title="Baltazar de Cordes">Baltazar de Cordes</a> in attacking the Spanish settlement of <a href="/wiki/Castro,_Chile" title="Castro, Chile">Castro</a> in Chiloé.<a href="#cite_note-MCLGuerraarauco-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Urbina-5">[5]</a> While this was an opportunistic assault, the Spanish correctly believed the Dutch could attempt to ally with the Mapuches and establish a stronghold in southern Chile.<a href="#cite_note-Clark2006-6">[6]</a> Over time, the Spanish became aware of actual Dutch plans to establish themselves at the ruins of Valdivia and so attempted to re-establish Spanish rule there before the arrival of the Dutch.<a href="#cite_note-BengoaAntiguo450-451-7">[7]</a> These efforts were thwarted in the 1630s by the impossibility of establishing an overland route through the territory of the hostile Mapuches. The ruins of Valdivia, at the head of its splendid natural harbour, remained a tempting target for Spain's enemies.<a href="#cite_note-BengoaAntiguo450-451-7">[7]</a> The Dutch Republic, in constant war with Spain on different fronts, had refrained from carrying out expeditions against the Spanish possessions in the American Pacific after the disaster of the <a href="/wiki/Jacques_l%27Hermite" title="Jacques l'Hermite">Jacques l'Hermite</a> expedition in 1624, concentrating on America all its efforts in the conquest of a part of Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-Arana277-8">[8]</a> However, they tried to promote uprisings among the <a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollos</a> and natives of the American coasts, which although unsuccessful, generated alarm among the Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-Arana277-8">[8]</a> But when, at the beginning of the 1640s, the situation of the Spanish Empire deteriorated dramatically, as the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Spanish_War_(1635%E2%80%931659)" title="Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)">war that was being fought with France</a> was joined by the <a href="/wiki/Reapers%27_War" title="Reapers' War">Catalan Revolt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portuguese Restoration War</a>, the Dutch saw once again the advisability of founding establishments on the western coast of America.<a href="#cite_note-Arana277-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guarda58-9">[9]</a> In the context of the Arauco war, the Spanish authorities of the <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Chile" title="Captaincy General of Chile">Captaincy General of Chile</a> had established <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Quill%C3%ADn_(1641)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Quillín (1641)">a peace treaty</a> with the Mapuche warlords in 1641, to concentrate Spanish resources on the most important European affairs.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expedition">Expedition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_expedition_to_Valdivia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Expedition">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px"><div style="position:relative;width:300px;border:1px solid lightgray"><a href="/wiki/File:Chile_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dutch expedition to Valdivia is located in Chile"><img alt="Dutch expedition to Valdivia is located in Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Chile_location_map.svg/300px-Chile_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="674" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Chile_location_map.svg/450px-Chile_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Chile_location_map.svg/600px-Chile_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1183" data-file-height="2658" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.256%;left:39.9%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Santa María Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/16px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_Island,_Chile" title="Santa María Island, Chile">Santa María Island</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.325%;left:41.271%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Valdivia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/16px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Valdivia" title="Valdivia">Valdivia</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.265%;left:38.968%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Carelmapu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/16px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Carelmapu" title="Carelmapu">Carelmapu</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.706%;left:38.5%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Castro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/16px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Castro,_Chile" title="Castro, Chile">Castro</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:95.601%;left:86.25%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Staten Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/16px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_los_Estados" title="Isla de los Estados">Staten Island</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Chile_location_map.svg" title="File:Chile location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>The location of <a href="/wiki/Valdivia" title="Valdivia">Valdivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carelmapu" title="Carelmapu">Carelmapu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isla_de_los_Estados" title="Isla de los Estados">Staten Island</a> within the modern boundaries of Chile and Argentina</div></div></div> In 1642, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> (VOC) joined with the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_Indies_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch West Indies Company">Dutch West Indies Company</a> (GWC) in organising an expedition under <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Brouwer" title="Hendrik Brouwer">Hendrik Brouwer</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> to establish a trading base at Valdivia, long abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-Lane87-11">[11]</a> Brouwer, a veteran navigator and member of the GWC, who decided to command the expedition despite his advanced age, was the main promoter of this project.<a href="#cite_note-Arana277-278-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guarda58-9">[9]</a> The expedition was small compared to the Dutch forces that had taken over much of Portuguese Brazil, but it was anticipated that it would be supported by the fiercely anti-Spanish Mapuche-Huilliche confederation<a href="#cite_note-14">[A]</a> once it reached Chile.<a href="#cite_note-Lane88-15">[14]</a> The expedition was issued formal instructions to capture the gold mines believed to be abundant in the area, capture Valdivia, make alliances with indigenous peoples, the Mapuches and the Huilliches, and to explore <a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_Island,_Chile" title="Santa María Island, Chile">Santa María Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kock-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-MCLHollandcolonization-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Arana278-279-18">[17]</a> Except for Brouwer and other leaders, the true objectives were not known to the participants of the expedition; they were led to believe that it was a raiding and trading voyage.<a href="#cite_note-Lane88-15">[14]</a> The distant objectives of this expedition were to create a military base in Valdivia and then attack the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Viceroyalty of Peru</a>, the Spanish jewel of the American Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-Guarda57-58-19">[18]</a> Brouwer and a small fleet of an unknown number of vessels left the Netherlands on 6 November 1642 with 250 men.<a href="#cite_note-Lane88-15">[14]</a> The fleet called at <a href="/wiki/Mauritsstad" title="Mauritsstad">Mauritsstad</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Recife" title="Recife">Recife</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Brazil" title="Dutch Brazil">Dutch Brazil</a> where <a href="/wiki/John_Maurice_of_Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="John Maurice of Nassau">John Maurice of Nassau</a> resupplied it and provided an additional 350 men.<a href="#cite_note-Lane87-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lane88-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kock-16">[15]</a> As the expedition was aimed at cold southern latitudes woolen clothes were rationed among the crew and passengers.<a href="#cite_note-Lane88-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kock-16">[15]</a> While rounding <a href="/wiki/Cape_Horn" title="Cape Horn">Cape Horn</a>, the expedition failed to enter <a href="/wiki/Le_Maire_Strait" title="Le Maire Strait">Le Maire Strait</a> in an attempt to replicate the route taken by <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Le_Maire" title="Jacob Le Maire">Jacob Le Maire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willem_Schouten" title="Willem Schouten">Willem Schouten</a> in 1616.<a href="#cite_note-Arana280-20">[19]</a> Northerly winds pushed the expedition as far south as 61°59 S where <a href="/wiki/Iceberg" title="Iceberg">icebergs</a> were abundant before a southerly wind that begun on 7 April allowed the fleet to advance west.<a href="#cite_note-Arana280-20">[19]</a> This way the expedition established that <a href="/wiki/Isla_de_los_Estados" title="Isla de los Estados">Staten Island</a> was not part of the hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis" title="Terra Australis">Southern Land</a>, since it sailed east and south of the island.<a href="#cite_note-Lane88-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kock-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Arana280-20">[19]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">supply ship</a> Orange Tree had become detached near Cape Horn but managed to return to Recife with a broken mast. The loss of this ship strained the expedition's supplies.<a href="#cite_note-Lane88-15">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chiloé">Chiloé</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_expedition_to_Valdivia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chiloé">edit</a>]</div> In May 1643, the expedition arrived at the Chiloé Archipelago.<a href="#cite_note-Lane89-21">[20]</a> The Spanish at the small fortified settlement of <a href="/wiki/Carelmapu" title="Carelmapu">Carelmapu</a> spotted the Dutch on 20 May and sent infantry and cavalry to prevent them from landing.<a href="#cite_note-Lane89-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rosales219-22">[21]</a> In the face of this threat, the Dutch had to land further away from Carelmapu at Punta de la Arena.<a href="#cite_note-Rosales219-22">[21]</a> With a force of 200 <a href="/wiki/Musketeer" title="Musketeer">musketeers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebusiers</a> the Dutch advanced on Carelmapu, starting bushfires to clear their way.<a href="#cite_note-Rosales219-22">[21]</a> The Spanish emptied the fort of Carelmapu and hid their women and children in the forests. After the well-ordered Dutch troops opened fire on the Spanish forces they retreated hastily into the woods.<a href="#cite_note-Rosales219-22">[21]</a> The Dutch entered the fort of Carelmapu, capturing much equipment, supplies and horses. A counter-attack by the Spanish ended in failure and the death of the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Chilo%C3%A9#Royal_governors" title="Governorate of Chiloé">Governor of Chiloé</a>, Andrés Herrera.<a href="#cite_note-Rosales220-23">[22]</a> Carelmapu was subsequently sacked and its Catholic church vandalised.<a href="#cite_note-Lane89-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rosales219-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rosales220-23">[22]</a> The plunder of Carelmapu gave the Dutch the opportunity to replenish their depleted food supplies at the cost of revealing their presence to the Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-Lane89-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Clark157-24">[23]</a> However, in Carelmapu the Dutch learned that their arrival had been expected as they recovered a letter sent to the settlement's <a href="/wiki/Corregidor_(position)" title="Corregidor (position)">corregidor</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Toledo,_1st_Marquis_of_Mancera" title="Pedro de Toledo, 1st Marquis of Mancera">Pedro de Toledo</a>, the Spanish viceroy in Peru, warning of a Dutch expedition and ordering the use of a <a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Scorched earth strategy">scorched earth strategy</a> against them.<a href="#cite_note-Lane89-21">[20]</a> The Dutch captured Spaniards, including Antonio Sánchez Jinés who later guided them to the Spanish settlement of Castro and other places in the archipelago.<a href="#cite_note-Rosales220-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Arana286-25">[24]</a> Sánchez Jinés was particularly useful as he spoke indigenous <a href="/wiki/Mapuche_language" title="Mapuche language">Mapudungun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Arana286-25">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Alvarado" title="Fernando de Alvarado">Fernando de Alvarado</a> succeeded Andrés Herrera as military commander of the Spanish in Chiloé.<a href="#cite_note-Rosales220-23">[22]</a> De Alvarado organized the remaining troops in Carelmapu and <a href="/wiki/Calbuco" title="Calbuco">Calbuco</a> aiming to prevent an indigenous uprising and harass the Dutch invaders.<a href="#cite_note-Arana282-26">[25]</a> He moved quickly through the forested paths that led south from Carelmapu and reached Castro before the Dutch did so.<a href="#cite_note-Arana282-26">[25]</a> Amidst heavy rains de Alvarado ordered the city of Castro to be dismantled and the population to hide in the forests.<a href="#cite_note-Arana282-26">[25]</a> Buildings in Castro had their straw roofs removed as well as the <a href="/wiki/Wood_shingle" title="Wood shingle">wood shingle</a> roof of the church to render them useless as shelters and more difficult to burn. As in Carelmapu, the Dutch sacked the settlement upon arrival and vandalised its church. According to contemporary Spanish chronicler <a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Rosales" title="Diego de Rosales">Diego de Rosales</a>, the Dutch insulted the prisoners in Spanish, Latin and Portuguese, called them cowards, and encouraged them to reveal where they could find their women.<a href="#cite_note-Rosales220-23">[22]</a> In Castro the Dutch left an inscription insulting the inhabitants of the city.<a href="#cite_note-Arana282-26">[25]</a> After Castro the Dutch went back north pillaging the countryside managing to gather chickens, sheep, pigs and many apples.<a href="#cite_note-Arana282-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[B]</a> Because the inhabitants of Chiloé Archipelago had hidden, the Dutch met few people after leaving Castro.<a href="#cite_note-Arana282-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[C]</a> In July, the expedition returned to Carelmapu where 470 Huilliches agreed to join the expedition to Valdivia. The expedition spent May to mid-August, the southern hemisphere winter, resting, reorganising and repairing ships and equipment. It also gathered intelligence on the Chiloé Archipelago.<a href="#cite_note-Lane89-21">[20]</a> On 7 August, Brouwer died in <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ingl%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Inglés">Puerto Inglés</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kock-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lane89-21">[20]</a> Maurice of Nassau had foreseen that this might happen and had provided the expedition with a sealed letter to be opened in this eventuality.<a href="#cite_note-Montt22-31">[28]</a> The letter transferred command to Vice-General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elias_Herckmans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elias Herckmans (page does not exist)">Elias Herckmans</a>, who had until then been in charge of the ship Vlissingen; he had previously been governor of <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADba" title="Paraíba">Paraíba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kock-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lane89-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Montt22-31">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_envoys_to_Peru">Spanish envoys to Peru</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_expedition_to_Valdivia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spanish envoys to Peru">edit</a>]</div> Meanwhile, De Alvarado arranged for the fast assembly of a sailing vessel in southern Chiloé, which as soon as ready hastily sailed to <a href="/wiki/Arauco,_Chile" title="Arauco, Chile">Arauco</a> to alert the Spanish in mainland Chile.<a href="#cite_note-Arana289-32">[29]</a> To avoid interception by the Dutch envoys had to sail round <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Island" title="Chiloé Island">Chiloé Island</a> from the south through the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Corcovado" title="Gulf of Corcovado">Gulf of Corcovado</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Arana289-32">[29]</a> This ship was led by captain Domingo Lorenzo and having on board also <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> missionary Domingo Lázaro and Dutch prisoner Joost Lambertsz who had been captured in Carelmapu.<a href="#cite_note-Arana289-32">[29]</a> Reaching Arauco in late August safely was in itself an accomplishment as sailing in the <a href="/wiki/Roaring_Forties" title="Roaring Forties">Roaring Forties</a> in the Austral winter was dangerous given it was a season of rain and storms.<a href="#cite_note-Arana289-32">[29]</a> Once Spanish authorities in <a href="/wiki/Central_Chile" title="Central Chile">Central Chile</a> learned about the Dutch expedition captain <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonso_de_Mujica_y_Buitr%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alonso de Mujica y Buitrón (page does not exist)">Alonso de Mujica y Buitrón</a> was sent with Father Lázaro to Lima to give the news to the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of Peru">Viceroy of Peru</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Arana289-32">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valdivia">Valdivia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_expedition_to_Valdivia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Valdivia">edit</a>]</div> The expedition set sail for Valdivia on 21 August and reached their destination within three days.<a href="#cite_note-Lane89-21">[20]</a> Herckmans arrived at the mouth of <a href="/wiki/Valdivia_River" title="Valdivia River">Valdivia River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Corral_Bay" title="Corral Bay">Corral Bay</a> on 24 August. From there the Dutch had difficulties sailing up the Valdivia River to the site of Valdivia as they lacked experience of sailing on rivers.<a href="#cite_note-Montt22-31">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> At <a href="/wiki/Tornagaleones_River" title="Tornagaleones River">Tornagaleones River</a> one ship ran aground on a <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%ADa_Mansa_Metamorphic_Complex" title="Bahía Mansa Metamorphic Complex">rocky</a> shallow.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> This ship was dismantled.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> The ruins of Valdivia were reached by the two remaining ships four days later on 28 August.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> Upon arrival curious Mapuches gathered to watch them.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> The ships were surrounded by canoes.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> Reportedly some natives boarded the ships and stole iron objects, including a valuable <a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">compass</a>.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> In Valdivia the Dutch established a new settlement, which Herckmans named Brouwershaven after Brouwer.<a href="#cite_note-Kock-16">[15]</a> On 29 August the Dutch had met with local <a href="/wiki/Cacique" title="Cacique">tribal leader</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manquipillan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manquipillan (page does not exist)">Manquipillan</a> and his host.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lane89-21">[20]</a> In the meeting the Dutch held a long discourse in which they highlighted what they believed was the common enmity to Spain; later gifts were given by the Dutch.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> At the end a friendly relationship had been established with Manquipillan.<a href="#cite_note-Lane89-21">[20]</a> A new solemn meeting was held on 3 September, with an even greater assistance. In this meeting a formal alliance was established between the Dutch and local Mapuches.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> Local Mapuches promised to help the Dutch with the construction of a fort and to give provisions for the nascent colony.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> The embalmed body of Brouwer was buried in Valdivia on 16 September there.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kock-16">[15]</a> A ship under Captain Elbert Crispijnsen was sent back to <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Brazil" title="Dutch Brazil">Dutch Brazil</a> on 25 September to report on the positive development of the colony and request additional supplies.<a href="#cite_note-Lane89-21">[20]</a> In Valdivia the Dutch began the construction of a fort.<a href="#cite_note-MCLHollandcolonization-17">[16]</a> A major setback to the Dutch was that they had also failed to find the anticipated gold mines.<a href="#cite_note-Montt23-34">[31]</a> The Mapuches began to realise the Dutch had no plans of leaving and their search for gold caused suspicion, leading the locals to halt their deliveries of food.<a href="#cite_note-Lane89-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-MCLHollandcolonization-17">[16]</a> The Mapuche chief <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manqueante" title="Juan Manqueante">Juan Manqueante</a>, from <a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9_de_la_Mariquina" class="mw-redirect" title="San José de la Mariquina">Mariquina</a>, who was in friendly terms with the Dutch, staunchly refused them to access the <a href="/wiki/Madre_de_Dios_Mine" title="Madre de Dios Mine">gold mines of Madre de Dios</a> in his lands.<a href="#cite_note-Rivera85-35">[32]</a> Manqueante told the Dutch of his people's negative experiences of Spanish gold mining.<a href="#cite_note-Rivera85-35">[32]</a> Other contributing factors behind the cold attitude of local Mapuches may have been the Dutch rhetoric about war with Spain, which may have upset the Mapuches of Valdivia who had lived in peace for about forty years and the fact that local Mapuches may not have seen any significant difference between the Dutch and Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> Local Mapuches justified not sending provisions by claiming they did not have enough food for themselves.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> The Dutch were demoralised by the scarcity of food and lack of comfort.<a href="#cite_note-Arana286-25">[24]</a> A mutiny begun to smolder and some Dutch <a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">left</a> the encampment at night for <a href="/wiki/Valdivian_temperate_rain_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Valdivian temperate rain forest">the woods</a> with the final aim of surrendering to the Spanish in <a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Arana286-25">[24]</a> Spanish interpreter Antonio Sánchez Jinés warned the Dutch of the changing attitudes, yet the Dutch leadership chose to turn a blind eye to this issue.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> Sánchez Jinés feared for his life as he told the Dutch of Mapuches wanting to kill him blaming him for having told the Dutch about gold riches and guiding them to Valdivia.<a href="#cite_note-Arana286-25">[24]</a> Local Mapuches went further to attempt to have part of the Dutch to depart to crush an alleged Spanish troop gathering near <a href="/wiki/Carahue" title="Carahue">La Imperial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Arana286-25">[24]</a> Having been told that the information about the Spanish was false and an ambush, Herckmans called for a council among the Dutch officers on 15 October.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> The council took the decision to retreat to <a href="/wiki/Mancera_Island" title="Mancera Island">Constantino Island</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[D]</a> thus abandoning Valdivia.<a href="#cite_note-MCLHollandcolonization-17">[16]</a> The next day, 16 October, four deserters were arrested and two of them <a href="/wiki/Execution_by_firing_squad" title="Execution by firing squad">executed with firearms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Arana287-38">[34]</a> On 26 October more deserters and accomplices were tried, resulting in various executions.<a href="#cite_note-Arana287-38">[34]</a> Yet before leaving Valdivia the Dutch called local Mapuches for a meeting where Herckmans made them aware that treacherous attitudes had not gone unnoticed.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> Nevertheless, following this the Dutch gave away some of their antique weapons and armour including <a href="/wiki/Chain_mail" title="Chain mail">chain mails</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morion_(helmet)" title="Morion (helmet)">morions</a> in exchange for provisions.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> Likely it was also their hope these weapons would be put into use against the Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> Juan Manqueante provided relief to the hungry Dutch in the form of cattle.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lane89-21">[20]</a> This relief was only temporary since Manqueante probably considered it a farewell gift.<a href="#cite_note-Lane89-21">[20]</a> Before leaving, Manqueante was contacted by Herckmans to let him know that the Dutch intended to return with 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">African slaves</a> to take care of mining and agriculture in order to leave the indigenous peoples free of <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour" title="Forced labour">forced labour</a>. This promise was never fulfilled.<a href="#cite_note-Lane89-21">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_Brazil">Return to Brazil</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_expedition_to_Valdivia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Return to Brazil">edit</a>]</div> The expedition finally left Chile on 28 October and reached Recife on 28 December, three weeks after the arrival of Crispijnsen.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lane90-39">[35]</a> In Brazil the reinforcements and provisions asked for by Crispijnsen were ready to sail for Valdivia and John Maurice of Nassau was disappointed to learn that the colony had been dismantled.<a href="#cite_note-Lane90-39">[35]</a> The failure of the expedition was blamed on Herckmans who died soon afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-delarosa2017-33">[30]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Brazil#The_end_of_Dutch_Brazil" title="Dutch Brazil">Pernambucan Insurrection</a> broke out in Dutch Brazil in 1645, recapturing most of the Dutch territory and putting great pressure on the local Dutch leaders. With no resources to spare, Dutch pretensions in Chile were at an end.<a href="#cite_note-Lane90-39">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spanish_response">Spanish response</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_expedition_to_Valdivia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Spanish response">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Valdivian_Fort_System" title="Valdivian Fort System">Valdivian Fort System</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coastal_defence_of_colonial_Chile" title="Coastal defence of colonial Chile">Coastal defence of colonial Chile</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niebla2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Niebla2.JPG/300px-Niebla2.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Niebla2.JPG/450px-Niebla2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Niebla2.JPG/600px-Niebla2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>A view of <a href="/wiki/Niebla,_Chile" title="Niebla, Chile">Niebla Fort</a>, one of <a href="/wiki/Valdivian_Fort_System" title="Valdivian Fort System">the many forts</a> the Spanish established around <a href="/wiki/Corral_Bay" title="Corral Bay">Corral Bay</a> following the Dutch occupation of Valdivia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sistemadefuertes.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Sistemadefuertes.PNG/220px-Sistemadefuertes.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Sistemadefuertes.PNG/330px-Sistemadefuertes.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Sistemadefuertes.PNG/440px-Sistemadefuertes.PNG 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption>Satellite imagery of <a href="/wiki/Corral_Bay" title="Corral Bay">Corral Bay</a>, showing the location of the finished coastal defences. The four largest forts are marked with red.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_L%C3%B3pez_de_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga,_2nd_Marquis_of_Baides" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco López de Zúñiga, 2nd Marquis of Baides">Francisco López de Zúñiga</a>, the Governor of Chile, dispatched Juan de Acevedo in charge of a ship to Valdivia to gather information on 30 April 1644. De Acevedo reached <a href="/wiki/Corral_Bay" title="Corral Bay">Corral Bay</a> by May noticing that the Dutch were nowhere to be found.<a href="#cite_note-Arana291-40">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Arana292-41">[37]</a> Having heard from <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manqueante" title="Juan Manqueante">Juan Manqueante</a> that the Dutch planned to return, Pedro de Toledo conceived an occupation of Valdivia by a synchronous advance by the Spanish army in Chile by land and by a fleet sent from Peru.<a href="#cite_note-Arana294-42">[38]</a> De Toledo ordered 2,000 men to march over land from Central Chile to resettle Valdivia and fortify it. These troops penetrated Mapuche territory following the coast south and reached <a href="/wiki/Tolt%C3%A9n_River" title="Toltén River">Toltén River</a> on 9 February 1645.<a href="#cite_note-Arana294-42">[38]</a> Reaching so far south was a feat in itself since the Spanish had not been around these places in the last 50 years.<a href="#cite_note-Arana294-42">[38]</a> At this point the army had met considerable harassment from the Mapuches.<a href="#cite_note-Arana294-42">[38]</a> The killing of scouting auxiliaries in conjunction with uncertainty regarding the arrival by sea of the Spanish from Peru made López de Zúñiga retreat back north.<a href="#cite_note-Arana294-42">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[E]</a> De Toledo's naval expedition was made up of twenty ships and 1,000 men from <a href="/wiki/El_Callao" class="mw-redirect" title="El Callao">El Callao</a> in Peru. The large fleet, which gained a further two ships in Chile, was unprecedented in the region and astounded contemporary observers. It arrived at Valdivia in February 1645 without incident and disembarked the soldiers with their equipment and supplies. The Spanish disinterred and <a href="/wiki/Desecration" title="Desecration">burned Brouwer's body</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lane90-39">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kock-16">[15]</a> The soldiers of the new garrison and the artisans dispatched with them commenced construction of a system of defensive fortifications. These would become the <a href="/wiki/Valdivian_Fort_System" title="Valdivian Fort System">Valdivian Fort System</a>, the most important defensive complex of the American South Pacific coast. It is an exceptional example of the Hispanic-American school of fortification. The building and maintenance of the fortifications became a heavy burden for the Spanish colonial finances but this was felt necessary in order to defend the southern approaches to Peru, the colony which, along with Mexico, constituted the main source of wealth for the Spanish Crown.<a href="#cite_note-Lane90-39">[35]</a> Investments in the defense of Corral Bay were validated in 1670 when a fully armed English ship commanded by <a href="/wiki/John_Narborough" title="John Narborough">John Narborough</a> arrived to the bay, causing concern he might launch an assault. Eventually, Narborough left as quickly as he had arrived without disclosing the reason for his presence, greatly confusing the Spanish authorities.<a href="#cite_note-44">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manqueante" title="Juan Manqueante">Manqueante</a> is said to have remained aligned with the Spanish from the Dutch departure in 1643 to the <a href="/wiki/Mapuche_uprising_of_1655" title="Mapuche uprising of 1655">Mapuche uprising of 1655</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cultura-45">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[F]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_expedition_to_Valdivia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> While lacking state organization Mapuches warring the Spanish had achieved a "supra-local level of military solidarity" by the early 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-Dillehay2007p337-338-13">[13]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> In contrast to other Mediterranean crops apple trees and pigs had proven a successful Spanish introduction to local agriculture. Similarly, sheep were slowly replacing earlier <a href="/wiki/Chilihueque" title="Chilihueque">chilihueque</a> livestock. Otherwise, Chiloé Archipelago is mostly known for its <a href="/wiki/Potatoes_of_Chilo%C3%A9" title="Potatoes of Chiloé">native potatoes</a> and shellfish.<a href="#cite_note-Torrejonetal2004-27">[26]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> An exception to this was Luisa Pizarro an old woman they found in <a href="/wiki/Quinchao" title="Quinchao">Quinchao</a> who told the Dutch about the <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Seven_Cities" title="Destruction of the Seven Cities">destruction of Osorno</a> forty years earlier.<a href="#cite_note-Arana282-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Arana283-29">[27]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> This was the name of Mancera Island, Isla Mancera, at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Bernales-36">[33]</a> The island lies in Corral Bay not far from Valdivia. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> This failure would cost López de Zúñiga a heavy price as De Toledo made severe accusations against him. At the end López de Zúñiga would have to justify his failure to reach Valdivia before the King of Spain.<a href="#cite_note-Arana294-42">[38]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> This alliance gave origin to a legend that holds he died by turning into stone as he would have betrayed his people by allying with the Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-Rivera82-46">[41]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_expedition_to_Valdivia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Villaloboes109-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Villaloboes109_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villaloboes109_1-1">b</a> Villalobos et al. 1974, p. 109. </li> <li id="cite_note-BengoaAntiguo324-325-2"><a href="#cite_ref-BengoaAntiguo324-325_2-0">^</a> Bengoa 2003, pp. 324–325. </li> <li id="cite_note-MCLValcolonial-3"><a href="#cite_ref-MCLValcolonial_3-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memoriachilena.cl/602/w3-article-7667.html">"Valdivia colonial (1552–1820)"</a>. 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Retrieved 27 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Magallania&rft.atitle=La+expedici%C3%B3n+de+John+Narborough+a+Chile%2C+1670%3A+Defensa+de+Valdivia%2C+rumeros+de+indios%2C+informaciones+de+los+prisioneros+y+la+creencia+en+la+Ciudad+de+los+C%C3%A9sares&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=11-36&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4067%2FS0718-22442017000200011&rft.aulast=Urbina+C.&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Ximena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscielo.conicyt.cl%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci_arttext%26pid%3DS0718-22442017000200011%26lng%3Den%26nrm%3Diso%26tlng%3Des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADutch+expedition+to+Valdivia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cultura-45"><a href="#cite_ref-cultura_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlonqueo1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alonqueo, Martín (1996). 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Editorial Andrés Bello. p. 232. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-956-13-1437-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-956-13-1437-5"><bdi>978-956-13-1437-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culturas+de+Chile&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=Editorial+Andr%C3%A9s+Bello&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-956-13-1437-5&rft.aulast=Alonqueo&rft.aufirst=Mart%C3%ADn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADutch+expedition+to+Valdivia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rivera82-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Rivera82_46-0">^</a> Rivera 2018, p. 82. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_expedition_to_Valdivia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarros_Arana2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Diego_Barros_Arana" title="Diego Barros Arana">Barros Arana, Diego</a> (2000) [1884]. 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Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-76560-256-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-76560-256-5"><bdi>978-0-76560-256-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pillaging+the+Empire%3A+Piracy+in+the+Americas+1500%E2%80%931750&rft.place=Armonk%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-76560-256-5&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=Kris+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbRgFqADzOLkC%26q%3DBrouwer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADutch+expedition+to+Valdivia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontt_Pinto1971" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Montt Pinto, Isabel (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070218034335/http://www.buscalibros.cl/libros.php?c=226">Breve Historia de Valdivia</a> (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Editorial Francisco de Aguirre. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1397610">1397610</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buscalibros.cl/libros.php?c=226">the original</a> on 18 February 2007. Retrieved 23 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breve+Historia+de+Valdivia&rft.place=Buenos+Aires&rft.pub=Editorial+Francisco+de+Aguirre&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1397610&rft.aulast=Montt+Pinto&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buscalibros.cl%2Flibros.php%3Fc%3D226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADutch+expedition+to+Valdivia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivera_Gutiérrez2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rivera Gutiérrez, Gabriel (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/hiriveragutierrez/docs/libro_2_paginas/82">Entre circas y cañuelas historia de los pirquineros auríferos de Mariquina, siglos XVI al XXI</a> (in Spanish). San José de la Mariquina.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Entre+circas+y+ca%C3%B1uelas+historia+de+los+pirquineros+aur%C3%ADferos+de+Mariquina%2C+siglos+XVI+al+XXI&rft.place=San+Jos%C3%A9+de+la+Mariquina&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Rivera+Guti%C3%A9rrez&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fhiriveragutierrez%2Fdocs%2Flibro_2_paginas%2F82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADutch+expedition+to+Valdivia" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Rosales1878" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Rosales" title="Diego de Rosales">de Rosales, Diego</a> (1878). <a href="/wiki/Benjam%C3%ADn_Vicu%C3%B1a_Mackenna" title="Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna">Vicuña Mackenna, Benjamín</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0005273.pdf">Historia general de el reyno de Chile. Flandes indiano</a> (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. III. Valparaíso: <a href="/wiki/El_Mercurio" title="El Mercurio">Imprenta de El Mercurio</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/55283128">55283128</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+general+de+el+reyno+de+Chile.+Flandes+indiano&rft.place=Valpara%C3%ADso&rft.pub=Imprenta+de+El+Mercurio&rft.date=1878&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F55283128&rft.aulast=de+Rosales&rft.aufirst=Diego&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.memoriachilena.cl%2Farchivos2%2Fpdfs%2FMC0005273.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADutch+expedition+to+Valdivia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillalobosSilvaSilvaEstelle1974" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Villalobos" title="Sergio Villalobos">Villalobos, Sergio</a>; Silva, Osvaldo; Silva, Fernando; Estelle, Patricio (1974). Historia de Chile (in Spanish) (14th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago, Chile">Santiago de Chile</a>: <a href="/wiki/Editorial_Universitaria" title="Editorial Universitaria">Editorial Universitaria</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-956-11-1163-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-956-11-1163-9"><bdi>978-956-11-1163-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+Chile&rft.place=Santiago+de+Chile&rft.edition=14th&rft.pub=Editorial+Universitaria&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-956-11-1163-9&rft.aulast=Villalobos&rft.aufirst=Sergio&rft.au=Silva%2C+Osvaldo&rft.au=Silva%2C+Fernando&rft.au=Estelle%2C+Patricio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADutch+expedition+to+Valdivia" class="Z3988"></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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