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The Role of Nanostructured Polymers in Enhancing Photon Upconversion Efficiency – Nanotechnology
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srcset="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/The-Role-of-Nanostructured-Polymers-in-Enhancing-Photon-Upconversion-Efficiency.jpg 800w, https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/The-Role-of-Nanostructured-Polymers-in-Enhancing-Photon-Upconversion-Efficiency-300x157.jpg 300w, https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/The-Role-of-Nanostructured-Polymers-in-Enhancing-Photon-Upconversion-Efficiency-768x402.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">The Role of Nanostructured Polymers in Enhancing Photon Upconversion Efficiency</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-19T14:24:50+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">October 19, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/author/nanotechnology/" title="View all posts by nanotechnology" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">nanotechnology</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Photon upconversion, also referred to as photon UC, has turned into a revolutionary technique that has been found to have applications across photovoltaic systems, optoelectronic implements, and biological imaging. It is in this that lies the power to change low-energy photons into higher-energy ones and thus open up a way of overcoming current systems. But still, there are many difficulties in upconversion efficiency, especially in solid-matrix devices. However, there are numerous challenges arising from the increased use of polymeric materials. One way to counter these challenges is by employing nanostructured polymers. These materials, due to their capability to host and transfer upconverting molecules, are driving a new level of enhanced efficiency and versatility in photon upconversion systems. This article aims to discuss the improvements in photon upconversion efficiency due to the use of nanostructured polymers, the problems, and the possible further development of the field.</span></p> <h3><b>Understanding photon upconversion and its challenges</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Photon upconversion is a nonlinear optical process that combines two or more low-energy photons to produce one photon with a higher energy level. Relative to other upconversion processes, TTA-UC has been the focus of much research interest as it is highly efficient at low excitation intensity, making it suitable for use in systems where the available light source is ambient. However, the important challenge that has been facing the efficiency of TTA-UC is associated with several factors, such as oxygen quenching, reduced molecular mobility, and other problems with the incorporation of UC materials in solid-state systems.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Targets of TTA-UC are identified to include one of the main limitations in facilitating triplet exciton transfer between upconverting molecules that will enable annihilation that leads to photon upconversion. In the case of solution-based systems, the molecular diffusion is high, so the sensitizers and annihilators have ample opportunities to get associated and for upconversion to take place. Nonetheless, in solid-state systems where the molecular species are usually embedded in a relatively rigid structure, these interactions are limited to a large extent. This limitation leads to a definite need for material that should be able to facilitate the necessary molecular interactions and, at the same time, be able to sustain the firm, packed, solid-state structure.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/publication-trends/index/nanostructured polymers" target="_blank" title="nanostructured polymers - yearwise publication trends">nanostructured polymers</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; 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These materials are also typified by the fact that they produce clearly defined nanodomains into which upconverting molecules can be encapsulated with ease and undergo efficient energy transfer processes. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">The nanostructuring of polymers provides several advantages: The effects of nanostructuring polymers include the following:</span></p> <h4><b>Enhanced Molecular Mobility</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another amazing advantage of the concept of creating nanoscale domains within the polymer matrix is the opportunity to retain some amount of molecular mobility even in the solid forms of the material. This mobility is very important since it increases the generation of interactions between the sensitizers and annihilators needed for the TTA-UC.</span></p> <h4><b>Resistance to Oxygen Quenching</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In TTA-UC, phosphorescent triplet states last for quite a long time, while in auto-UC, oxygen gets rid of them. Depending on the nanostructure of the polymer, the triplet states can be maintained, and upconverting efficiency can be improved by creating barriers or incorporating upconverting molecules into oxygen barrier regions.</span></p> <h4><b>Tunable Mechanical and Optical Properties</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Control of the physical and optical characteristics of nanostructured polymers is possible in terms of the type of the polymer matrix and the shape of the nanodomain. This tunability can be useful in increasing the upconversion efficiency because the desirable properties of the material can be achieved.</span></p> <h4><b>Facile Integration into Devices</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The prepared nanostructured polymers can be processed into films, coatings, and composite materials, and therefore they are well compatible with general fabrication techniques used in optoelectronic devices and other related fields.</span></p> <h3><b>Key Developments in Nanostructured Polymers for Photon Upconversion</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The following are recent achievements in the development of nanostructured polymers as related to the enhancement of photon upconversion efficiency. One such development subsumed under the use of LUCs is the synthesis of polymer systems containing liquid UC domains. These systems are characterized by a highly ordered polymer matrix containing dispersed nanoscale droplets of a liquid phase that upconvert molecules. It is a very effective design for achieving efficient energy transfer and upconversion even in a solid-state matrix, owing to the ability of the upconverting molecules to move around in the droplets.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another attractive idea involves the application of block copolymers to stabilize the liquid nanodroplets in the solid polymer matrix. Block copolymers are capable of orderly arranging into typical submicroscopic structures like micelles or vesicles, which can encapsulate upconverting molecules and shield them from quenching actions such as oxygen. These nanostructures can also increase the local molar density of upconverting molecules so that the probability of triplet-triplet annihilation will increase.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Also, they found that nanostructured polymer systems with triplet sensitizers and annihilators will enhance the efficiency of upconversion. By appropriate choice and constructive engineering of the polymer matrix, it becomes possible to organize the commodities in space in such a manner as to allow the triplet excitons to be able to easily diffuse through the material and interact with annihilators. This optimization is essential to realize high upconversion quantum yields, especially in solid-state systems where diffusion is highly constrained</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/recent-publications/index/nanostructured polymers" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="nanostructured polymers - yearwise publication list">nanostructured polymers</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-papers"></span> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"> <style> .pb-main{ border: solid 1px #ccc; 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publicationBlock.innerHTML = publicationHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(publicationBlock); }); } function displayKeywordPapers(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-papers'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/recent-publications/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - publication list">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var recent_papers = [ { "title": "Recent advances in nanomaterial-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38885067", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Sensitized Triplet-triplet Annihilation in Nanostructured Polymeric Scintillators Allows for Pulse Shape Discrimination.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38656603", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Chitosan as a promising materials for the construction of nanocarriers for diabetic retinopathy: an updated review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38388386", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Highly Ordered Gyroid Nanostructured Polymers: Facile Fabrication by Polymerizable Pluronic Surfactants.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38634712", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Nanostructured Lipid Carrier-mediated Transdermal Delivery System of Glibenclamide for Gestational Diabetes: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38213159", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Nanotechnology-based bone regeneration in orthopedics: a review of recent trends.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38275154", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Galvanic-Replacement-Assisted Synthesis of Nanostructured Silver-Surface for SERS Characterization of Two-Dimensional Polymers.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38257565", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Nano-enabled antimicrobial thin films: design and mechanism of action.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38357038", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Investigating Gold Deposition with High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering and Direct-Current Magnetron Sputtering on Polystyrene, Poly-4-vinylpyridine, and Polystyrene Sulfonic Acid.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39402930", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Current developments and future perspectives of nanotechnology in orthopedic implants: an updated review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38567086", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Supercapacitors: An Efficient Way for Energy Storage Application.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38591562", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Self-assembly of rod-coil-rod block copolymers in a coil-selective solvent: coarse-grained simulation results.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38497125", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Toward nano-sized imprinted norepinephrine-derived biopolymer as artificial receptors for detecting IgG1 by surface plasmon resonance.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38394703", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The current applications of nano and biomaterials in drug delivery of dental implant.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38267933", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Graphite Sheet-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry for Small Organic Compound Analysis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947851", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Direct Imaging of the Crystalline Domains and Their Orientation in the PS--PEO Block Copolymer with 4D-STEM.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38948181", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Antenna effect enhanced ECL immunoassay using microfloral europium porphyrin coordination polymers based on Eu and TCPP for the detection of chloramphenicol in foods.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39101528", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Enhancing hair regeneration: Recent progress in tailoring nanostructured lipid carriers through surface modification strategies.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39091900", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Terpyridine-Decorated Polymer Nanosphere Latex: Template Nanocarriers for the Synthesis of Cu-CeO Hollow Spheres.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39049692", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Prospective applications of bioactive materials in orthopedic therapies: A review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39247306", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ["Photon Upconversion","Nanostructured Polymers","Triplet-Triplet Annihilation","Solid-State Systems","Molecular Mobility","Oxygen Quenching","Optoelectronics","Energy Harvesting"]; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); // function stripslashes(str) { // if (typeof str === 'string') { // return str.replace(/\/g, ''); // } // } </script></p> <h3><b>Challenges and Future Directions</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Even though quite a lot of improvements have been achieved in the recent past, several issues need to be addressed to create suitable nanostructured polymers for photon upconversion. There is also a problem of controlling the rate of molecular diffusion while at the same time restricting movement to provide stability. Improving the mobility of the channels within the nanodomains is a positive factor regarding upconversion, but at the same time, it may produce phase separation or aggregation of the upconverting molecules, which is not desirable. Hence, the main area of active research is about creating polymer systems that would require mobility in the structure but, at the same time, would not be volatile enough to lead to material instability.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The use of nanostructured polymers constitutes another problem because such polymers cannot be directly incorporated into functional gadgets. Although these materials have immense potential in lab conditions, incorporating them into large-scale production and use in technological products is not easy. This challenge poses itself, especially in connection with applications in solar energy harvesting and in the production of optoelectronic devices, where highly efficient large-area production processes need to be developed.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As to future perspectives, it might be useful to try and synthesize ” smart” nanostructured polymers that would combine upconversion enhancement with such functions as light scattering or photovoltaic properties. These multifunctional materials could potentially create new applications in, for example, photovoltaic devices, where light management is key to improving device performance.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In addition, there is a possibility to investigate the incorporation of nanostructured polymers with other novel materials like quantum dots or metal-organic frameworks to increase the upconversion efficiency. These hybrid systems could use the characteristics of each component and put them together to achieve effects that are greater than those of the single material.</span></p> <h3><b>Conclusion</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Thus, nanostructured polymers are a breakthrough in the field of photon upconversion, which can open a way to overcome the difficulties related to solid-state TTA-UC systems. To realize more efficient upconversion systems and their myriad applications, these organic-inorganic hybrid materials are therefore promoting better molecular mobility, minimizing oxygen quenching, and introducing tunable physical and optical characteristics. The continued future research in this area of study means that the application of nanostructured polymers in photon upconversion is expected to lie at the forefront of the realization of multiple functionalities of photon upconversion in areas such as energy, harvesting, and advanced optoelectronics.</span></p> <p></p> <h3><b>References</b></h3> <ol> <li>Saenz, F., Ronchi, A., Mauri, M., Vadrucci, R., Meinardi, F., Monguzzi, A. and Weder, C., 2021. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adfm.202004495">Nanostructured Polymers Enable Stable and Efficient Low‐Power Photon Upconversion.</a> <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>, <i>31</i>(1), p.2004495.</li> <li>Saenz, F., Ronchi, A., Mauri, M., Kiebala, D., Monguzzi, A. and Weder, C., 2021. <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsami.1c09813">Block copolymer stabilized liquid nanodroplets facilitate efficient triplet fusion-based photon upconversion in solid polymer matrices.</a> <i>ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces</i>, <i>13</i>(36), pp.43314-43322.</li> <li>Lin, T.A., Perkinson, C.F. and Baldo, M.A., 2020. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adma.201908175">Strategies for High‐Performance Solid‐State Triplet–Triplet‐Annihilation‐Based Photon Upconversion.</a> <i>Advanced Materials</i>, <i>32</i>(26), p.1908175.</li> <li>Kashino, T., Hosoyamada, M., Haruki, R., Harada, N., Yanai, N. and Kimizuka, N., 2021. <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsami.0c23121">Bulk Transparent Photon Upconverting Films by Dispersing High-Concentration Ionic Emitters in Epoxy Resins.</a> <i>ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces</i>, <i>13</i>(11), pp.13676-13683.</li> <li>Sakamoto, Y., Tamai, Y. and Ohkita, H., 2020. <a href="https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jcp/article/153/16/161102/200375">Sensitizer–host–annihilator ternary-cascaded triplet energy landscape for efficient photon upconversion in the solid state.</a> <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>, <i>153</i>(16).</li> <li>Oddo, A.M., Mani, T. and Kumar, C.V., 2020. <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsami.0c11202">Micelles Embedded in Multiphasic Protein Hydrogel Enable Efficient and Air-Tolerant Triplet Fusion Upconversion with Heavy-Atom and Spin–Orbit Charge-Transfer Sensitizers. </a><i>ACS applied materials & interfaces</i>, <i>12</i>(35), pp.39293-39303.</li> <li>Barbosa de Mattos, D.F., Dreos, A., Johnstone, M.D., Runemark, A., Sauvée, C., Gray, V., Moth-Poulsen, K., Sundén, H. and Abrahamsson, M., 2020. <a href="https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jcp/article/153/21/214705/199919">Covalent incorporation of diphenylanthracene in oxotriphenylhexanoate organogels as a quasi-solid photon upconversion matrix.</a> <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>, <i>153</i>(21).</li> <li>Niculescu, A.G., Chircov, C., Bîrcă, A.C. and Grumezescu, A.M., 2021. <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/2011">Fabrication and applications of microfluidic devices: A review. </a><i>International Journal of Molecular Sciences</i>, <i>22</i>(4), p.2011.</li> <li>Schloemer, T.H., Sanders, S.N., Zhou, Q., Narayanan, P., Hu, M., Gangishetty, M.K., Anderson, D., Seitz, M., Gallegos, A.O., Stokes, R.C. and Congreve, D.N., 2022. <a href="https://app.jove.com/t/64374/triplet-fusion-upconversion-nanocapsule-synthesis">Triplet Fusion Upconversion Nanocapsule Synthesis.</a> <i>JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments)</i>, (187), p.e64374.</li> <li>Bennison, M.J., Collins, A.R., Zhang, B. and Evans, R.C., 2021. <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00133">Organic polymer hosts for triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion systems.</a> <i>Macromolecules</i>, <i>54</i>(12), pp.5287-5303.</li> </ol> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">nanostructured polymers</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; 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