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vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugby_Sevens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rugby Sevens</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rugby_Sevens-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rugby Sevens subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rugby_Sevens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Within_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Within_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Within China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Within_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Annual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Annual</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quadrennial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quadrennial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Quadrennial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quadrennial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China_at_international_level" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_at_international_level"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>China at international level</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_at_international_level-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Women's_Sevens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's_Sevens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Women's Sevens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women's_Sevens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Olympics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olympics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.1</span> <span>Olympics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olympics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rio_2016_DNQ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rio_2016_DNQ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.1.1</span> <span>Rio 2016 DNQ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rio_2016_DNQ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tokyo_2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tokyo_2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.1.2</span> <span>Tokyo 2020</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tokyo_2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Cup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Cup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.2</span> <span>World Cup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Cup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-UAE_2009" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UAE_2009"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.2.1</span> <span>UAE 2009</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UAE_2009-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moscow_2013" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moscow_2013"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.2.2</span> <span>Moscow 2013</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moscow_2013-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-San_Francisco_2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#San_Francisco_2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.2.3</span> <span>San Francisco 2018</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-San_Francisco_2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cape_Town_2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cape_Town_2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.2.4</span> <span>Cape Town 2022</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cape_Town_2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HSBC_World_Rugby_Women's_Sevens_Series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HSBC_World_Rugby_Women's_Sevens_Series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.3</span> <span>HSBC World Rugby Women's Sevens Series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HSBC_World_Rugby_Women's_Sevens_Series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_Rugby_Women's_Sevens_Series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_Rugby_Women's_Sevens_Series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.4</span> <span>Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_Rugby_Women's_Sevens_Series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asian_Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asian_Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.5</span> <span>Asian Games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asian_Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Asian_Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asian_Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.6</span> <span>East Asian Games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asian_Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Men's_Sevens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Men's_Sevens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Men's Sevens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Men's_Sevens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Silicon_Valley_Sevens_Tournament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Silicon_Valley_Sevens_Tournament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2.1</span> <span>Silicon Valley Sevens Tournament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Silicon_Valley_Sevens_Tournament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shanghai_Champions_Tournament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shanghai_Champions_Tournament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2.2</span> <span>Shanghai Champions Tournament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shanghai_Champions_Tournament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Olympics_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olympics_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2.3</span> <span>Olympics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olympics_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rio_2016_DNQ_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rio_2016_DNQ_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2.3.1</span> <span>Rio 2016 DNQ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rio_2016_DNQ_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tokyo_2020_DNQ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tokyo_2020_DNQ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2.3.2</span> <span>Tokyo 2020 DNQ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tokyo_2020_DNQ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paris_2024" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paris_2024"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2.3.3</span> <span>Paris 2024</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paris_2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Cup_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Cup_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2.4</span> <span>World Cup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Cup_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cape_Town_2022_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cape_Town_2022_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2.4.1</span> <span>Cape Town 2022</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cape_Town_2022_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HSBC_World_Rugby_Sevens_Series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HSBC_World_Rugby_Sevens_Series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2.5</span> <span>HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HSBC_World_Rugby_Sevens_Series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asian_Sevens_Series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asian_Sevens_Series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2.6</span> <span>Asian Sevens Series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asian_Sevens_Series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asian_Games_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asian_Games_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2.7</span> <span>Asian Games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asian_Games_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rugby_XVs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugby_XVs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rugby XVs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rugby_XVs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rugby XVs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rugby_XVs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Within_China_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Within_China_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Within China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Within_China_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Women's_and_Men's_XVs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's_and_Men's_XVs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Women's and Men's XVs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women's_and_Men's_XVs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Youth_XVs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Youth_XVs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Youth XVs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Youth_XVs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clubs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Clubs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China_at_international_level_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_at_international_level_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>China at international level</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_at_international_level_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Women's_XVs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's_XVs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Women's XVs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women's_XVs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Men's_XVs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Men's_XVs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Men's XVs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Men's_XVs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ranking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2.1</span> <span>Ranking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asian_Rugby_Championship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asian_Rugby_Championship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2.2</span> <span>Asian Rugby Championship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asian_Rugby_Championship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bilateral_Matches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilateral_Matches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2.3</span> <span>Bilateral Matches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilateral_Matches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Cup_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Cup_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2.4</span> <span>World Cup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Cup_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2.5</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Youth_XVs_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Youth_XVs_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Youth XVs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Youth_XVs_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efforts_to_develop_rugby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efforts_to_develop_rugby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Efforts to develop rugby</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Efforts_to_develop_rugby-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Efforts to develop rugby subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Efforts_to_develop_rugby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Positive_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positive_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Positive developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positive_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Team_China_Initiative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Team_China_Initiative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Team China Initiative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Team_China_Initiative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Get_Into_Rugby_(GIR)_Programme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Get_Into_Rugby_(GIR)_Programme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Get Into Rugby (GIR) Programme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Get_Into_Rugby_(GIR)_Programme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IMPACT_Beyond_RWC_2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IMPACT_Beyond_RWC_2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>IMPACT Beyond RWC 2019</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IMPACT_Beyond_RWC_2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bilateral_Agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilateral_Agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>Bilateral Agreements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilateral_Agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Search_for_China-eligible_players" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Search_for_China-eligible_players"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.5</span> <span>Search for China-eligible players</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Search_for_China-eligible_players-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rapid_Rugby_Championship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rapid_Rugby_Championship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.6</span> <span>Rapid Rugby Championship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rapid_Rugby_Championship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_CRFA_Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_CRFA_Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.7</span> <span>New CRFA Leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_CRFA_Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Challenges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Related regions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_regions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related regions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong_and_Macau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong_and_Macau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Hong Kong and Macau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong_and_Macau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Rugby union in China</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">People's Republic of China</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Governing body</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Rugby_Football_Association" title="Chinese Rugby Football Association">Chinese Rugby Football Association</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">National team(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China_national_rugby_union_team" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China national rugby union team">People's Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">First played</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Early 20th century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Registered players</span></th><td class="infobox-data">76,000 <sup id="cite_ref-theprovince.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theprovince.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Clubs</th><td class="infobox-data">1,012</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border-bottom:1px solid lightgray;">National competitions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup" title="Rugby World Cup">Rugby World Cup</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup_Sevens" title="Rugby World Cup Sevens">Rugby World Cup Sevens</a><br /><a href="/wiki/IRB_Sevens_World_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="IRB Sevens World Series">IRB Sevens World Series</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Asian_Five_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Five Nations">Asian Five Nations</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_at_the_Asian_Games" title="Rugby union at the Asian Games">Rugby union at the Asian Games</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border-bottom:1px solid lightgray;">Club competitions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea_Cup" title="Yellow Sea Cup">Yellow Sea Cup</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rugby union in China</b> is a growing sport; however, it is still not overly popular. China became affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/International_Rugby_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="International Rugby Board">International Rugby Board</a> in 1997 and as of 1 July 2019, its women's XV side was ranked 24th and its men's XV side 80th in the world. Neither the <a href="/wiki/China_women%27s_national_rugby_union_team" title="China women's national rugby union team">women's team</a> nor the <a href="/wiki/China_national_rugby_union_team" title="China national rugby union team">men's team</a> has yet qualified for a <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Rugby_World_Cup" title="Women's Rugby World Cup">Women's Rugby World Cup</a> or a men's <a href="/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup" title="Rugby World Cup">Rugby World Cup</a>. However, China has hopes of one day hosting the men's event,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and World Rugby has indicated it supports taking the event there.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-4"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early rugby union in China was often played by expatriates of various rugby playing nations, and colonials. For example, there was a rugby club in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-RugDis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RugDis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where many of these could be found, and there was also a significant presence in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, due to the strong connections with the <a href="/wiki/British_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commonwealth">British Commonwealth</a>. The Shanghai club folded in 1952, and the surplus funds were presented to the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_Football_Union" title="Rugby Football Union">English RFU</a> for a "Royal Retiring Room", at <a href="/wiki/Twickenham" title="Twickenham">Twickenham</a> near <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RugDis_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RugDis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s and 1940s, rugby is said to have been adopted by Chinese military commanders to instil aggression into troops during the war with Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later, for a period under Communism, rugby was banned in China, with the national Sports Council stating that "the <i>meeting of sullied bodies in physical contact</i> cannot be approved."<sup id="cite_ref-RugDis_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RugDis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In post-<a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> days, the relative strength of rugby in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> has helped reintroduce the sport into the PRC, and the head of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Rugby_Football_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Rugby Football Union">HKRFU</a> George Simkin introduced a development programme there.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chinese delegates were amongst those who went to the centenary congress of the <a href="/wiki/International_Rugby_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="International Rugby Board">International Rugby Football Board</a> in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-Starmer-Smith2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Starmer-Smith2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rugby re-emerged in the PRC in 1990, with a club forming at the <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Agricultural_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Agricultural University">Beijing Agricultural University</a> (now merged into <a href="/wiki/China_Agricultural_University" title="China Agricultural University">China Agricultural University</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>. A professor there, Chao Xihuang was introduced to the sport by a Japanese businessman, and set up a couple of sides. Professor Zheng Hongjun is also credited with the early development of rugby in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The growth of the sport has been massive. For example, in 1991, there were a mere 30 registered players in China. By 1996, there were over a thousand <i>instructors</i> alone. </p><p>Today, one segment of Chinese society where rugby is particularly popular is the military. Rugby is an official sport of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a>, with the PLA Sports Institute participating in the highly competitive <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> leagues. </p><p>Notable Chinese rugby players include <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zhiqiang_(rugby_union)" title="Zhang Zhiqiang (rugby union)">Zhang Zhiqiang</a> ("Johnny Zhang"), who had a stint with the famous <a href="/wiki/Leicester_Tigers" title="Leicester Tigers">Leicester Tigers</a> club in England, and promising young speedster Li Yang, who boasts a time of 10.6 seconds in the 100-metre sprint. </p><p>In June 2006, a delegation from Leicester rugby club led by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Johnson_(rugby_union)" title="Martin Johnson (rugby union)">Martin Johnson</a> went on a week-long visit to China to promote the game.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the beginning of 2000s, China has concerned more of the rugby sevens instead of the 15-men rugby, due to the Olympic strategy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popularity">Popularity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Popularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_participation">By participation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: By participation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2017, it was reported that China had 76,000 registered rugby players, up 40% on 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-theprovince.com_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theprovince.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_interest">By interest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: By interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/World_Rugby" title="World Rugby">World Rugby</a>, in 2018 China and the US are tied for the countries with the most people either "interested" or "very interested" in rugby union, with 30 million fans in each.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This compares to 25 million in India and 15 million in Japan. </p><p>This interest has been particularly piqued by rugby sevens. For example, it has been reported that 44 million people in China watched sevens at the Rio Olympics — double the number in the UK and second only to the United States worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This contrasts with 2015, when Repucom released survey figures suggesting that only 1% of Chinese people were looking forward to the <a href="/wiki/2015_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2015 Rugby World Cup">2015 Rugby World Cup</a>, down from 4% ahead of the <a href="/wiki/2011_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2011 Rugby World Cup">2011 Rugby World Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rugby_Sevens">Rugby Sevens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rugby Sevens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Within_China">Within China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Within China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Annual">Annual</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Annual"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in 2010, two national championships - two-day sevens' tournaments held in different locations - were held every year.<sup id="cite_ref-chinadaily.com.cn_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinadaily.com.cn-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 2015, to help the game gain consistent exposure, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Rugby_Football_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Rugby Football Association (page does not exist)">China Rugby Football Association</a> divided the annual Sevens National Championships into four legs held in different cities. As a result, according to Cui Weihong, secretary-general of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Rugby_Football_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Rugby Football Association (page does not exist)">China Rugby Football Association</a>, "[t]he sevens' action will keep going from April to November with a series of scheduled events. We hope this intensive exposure will attract interest from sponsors and sports marketing agencies to help establish a professional league in the near future."<sup id="cite_ref-chinadaily.com.cn_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinadaily.com.cn-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2013, the National University Rugby Sevens Championship has been organized annually, with 2015's event attracting 12 male and eight female university teams from across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-chinadaily.com.cn_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinadaily.com.cn-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Quadrennial">Quadrennial</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Quadrennial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a big boost for the sport, Rugby Sevens debuted in the <a href="/wiki/National_Games_of_China" title="National Games of China">National Games of China</a> in 2013, at the 12th edition of the event, held in 2013 in Liaoning. The coach of the Chinese women's national team, Ben Gollings, said in 2016 that "[t]he biggest [rugby sevens] competition [in China] is the China Games which is played by all the provinces. This has helped start the development of rugby but when it gets into schools we will see the biggest growth."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Liaoning tournament, the women's final between Shandong and Beijing proved controversial when, at the insistence of their coach,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beijing players refused to continue playing, after a try was awarded to Shandong by the Spanish referee.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Beijing team was subsequently fined and later issued an apology.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most recent <a href="/wiki/National_Games_of_China" title="National Games of China">National Games of China</a> was held in <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> in 2017. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China_at_international_level">China at international level</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: China at international level"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Women's_Sevens"><span id="Women.27s_Sevens"></span>Women's Sevens</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Women's Sevens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 2019 to 2020, the coach of the Chinese Women's Sevens team was New Zealander Sean Horan, who previously coached the New Zealand Women's Sevens team at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Rio_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Rio Olympics">2016 Rio Olympics</a>. Since late 2020, it has been Scotsman Euan Mackintosh.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Olympics">Olympics</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Olympics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Rio_2016_DNQ">Rio 2016 DNQ</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Rio 2016 DNQ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2015, China qualified for the Final 2016 Women's Olympic Qualification Tournament, an event which would determine the 12th and last team to play at Rio 2016. The tournament took place on 25–26 June 2016 in Ireland. China finished second in its pool, but then lost to Spain in the first play-off match, ending its chance of winning the tournament. It nevertheless went on to beat Samoa and Argentina, to clinch the Plate Final. A video report on the team's preparations for the tournament is available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.worldrugby.org/video/171952">http://www.worldrugby.org/video/171952</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Tokyo_2020">Tokyo 2020</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tokyo 2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>China beat Hong Kong 33–0 in the final of the <a href="/wiki/2019_Asia_Rugby_Women%27s_Sevens_Olympic_Qualifying_Tournament" title="2019 Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Olympic Qualifying Tournament">2019 Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Olympic Qualifying Tournament</a> to qualify for the <a href="/wiki/2020_Tokyo_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Tokyo Olympics">2020 Tokyo Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Tokyo, they made the quarterfinals<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and eventually finished seventh out of 12 teams.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="World_Cup">World Cup</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: World Cup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="UAE_2009">UAE 2009</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: UAE 2009"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2008, China finished third (behind Japan and Thailand) in the Asian qualification tournament to book a place in the <a href="/wiki/2009_Rugby_World_Cup_Sevens" title="2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens">2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens</a>. At the UAE tournament in March 2009, China won the Bowl final, beating the Netherlands, Japan, Italy and Brazil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Moscow_2013">Moscow 2013</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Moscow 2013"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2012, China finished second (behind Fiji) in the Asian qualification tournament to book a place in the <a href="/wiki/2013_Rugby_World_Cup_Sevens" title="2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens">2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens</a>. At the Moscow tournament in June 2013, China lost all its pool games but beat Brazil in the Bowl play-offs before losing in the Bowl semi-finals to the Netherlands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="San_Francisco_2018">San Francisco 2018</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: San Francisco 2018"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2017, China finished second (behind Japan) in the Asian qualification tournament to book a place in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Rugby_World_Cup_Sevens" title="2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens">2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens</a>. At the tournament in July 2018, China finished 12th of 16 teams. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Cape_Town_2022">Cape Town 2022</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Cape Town 2022"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2021, China finished second (behind Japan) in the Asian qualification tournament to book a place in the <a href="/wiki/2022_Rugby_World_Cup_Sevens" title="2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens">2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="HSBC_World_Rugby_Women's_Sevens_Series"><span id="HSBC_World_Rugby_Women.27s_Sevens_Series"></span>HSBC World Rugby Women's Sevens Series</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: HSBC World Rugby Women's Sevens Series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After winning the qualifying tournament in Hong Kong in September 2014, China became one of the core teams in the 2014–2015 season. However, it won no pool matches in any of the five events, and finished 11th out of 13 teams, failing to secure automatic core team status for the following season. </p><p>In the qualifying tournament in Dublin in August 2015, China lost 27–5 to Ireland in the quarterfinals, so did not gain a place in the main Sevens Series.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the qualifying tournament in Dublin in June 2016, which doubled as the <a href="/wiki/Final_2016_Women%27s_Olympic_Qualification_Tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="Final 2016 Women's Olympic Qualification Tournament">Final 2016 Women's Olympic Qualification Tournament</a>, China lost to Spain (the eventual winner) in the quarterfinal, so did not gain a place in the main Sevens Series. In the qualifying tournament in Hong Kong in April 2017, China lost 28–14 to Japan (the eventual winner) in the quarterfinal, so did not gain a place in the main Sevens Series. </p><p>After winning the qualifying tournament in Hong Kong in April 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China became one of the core teams again in the <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_World_Rugby_Women%27s_Sevens_Series" title="2018–19 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series">2018–19 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series</a>. However, after finishing last, they were relegated for the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_World_Rugby_Women%27s_Sevens_Series" title="2019–20 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series">2019–20 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series</a> (in which they nevertheless featured occasionally as an invitational team). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Asia_Rugby_Women's_Sevens_Series"><span id="Asia_Rugby_Women.27s_Sevens_Series"></span>Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Series</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>China participates in the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Women%27s_Sevens_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Women's Sevens Championship">Asian Women's Sevens Championship</a>. It has won the Series five times, most recently in 2014. In September 2017, it lost the final to Japan 19–14. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Asian_Games">Asian Games</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Asian Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rugby Sevens has been contested by women at the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian Games</a> since 2010. China finished runners-up (to Kazakhstan) in <a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_%E2%80%93_Women" title="Rugby sevens at the 2010 Asian Games – Women">2010</a>, winners (over Japan) in <a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_2014_Asian_Games_%E2%80%93_Women" title="Rugby sevens at the 2014 Asian Games – Women">2014</a>, and runners-up (to Japan) in <a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_2018_Asian_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby sevens at the 2018 Asian Games – Women's tournament">2018</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="East_Asian_Games">East Asian Games</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: East Asian Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rugby Sevens was included in the <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Games" title="East Asian Games">East Asian Games</a> in 2009 in Hong Kong,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and China won the tournament. However, the sport was not retained for the Games in 2013 in Tianjin, reportedly due to budgetary issues,<sup id="cite_ref-scmp.com_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp.com-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in any event, the East Asian Games has now been replaced by an under-18s event.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Men's_Sevens"><span id="Men.27s_Sevens"></span>Men's Sevens</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Men's Sevens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Silicon_Valley_Sevens_Tournament">Silicon Valley Sevens Tournament</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Silicon Valley Sevens Tournament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley_Sevens" title="Silicon Valley Sevens">Silicon Valley Sevens</a> was a one-off tournament held a month before the <a href="/wiki/World_Rugby_Sevens_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="World Rugby Sevens Series">World Rugby Sevens Series</a> season began in December 2017 in Dubai. It was held on 4–5 November 2017 in <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a>, USA.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China was one of the featured teams, alongside a number of heavyweights like Fiji, New Zealand, Australia, and England.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China finished 11 out of 12 teams, beating Tonga 34–10 in the play-off for last place.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Shanghai_Champions_Tournament">Shanghai Champions Tournament</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Shanghai Champions Tournament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Champion of Champions tournament was at one stage planned by <a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group#Alisports" title="Alibaba Group">Alisports</a>, in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/World_Rugby" title="World Rugby">World Rugby</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Rugby_Football_Association" title="Chinese Rugby Football Association">Chinese Rugby Football Association</a>. </p><p>The first edition was to be played in Shanghai's <a href="/wiki/Yangpu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangpu District">Yangpu District</a> in late October 2017 with the top eight teams from <a href="/wiki/World_Rugby_Sevens_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="World Rugby Sevens Series">World Rugby Sevens Series</a> invited to compete, alongside the national team of <a href="/wiki/China_national_rugby_sevens_team" title="China national rugby sevens team">China</a>, for the highest ever prize money seen in rugby sevens. However, the first edition was then pushed back to 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and delays in the roll-out of the Alisports rugby funding<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggest the tournament has been abandoned. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Olympics_2">Olympics</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Olympics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Rio_2016_DNQ_2">Rio 2016 DNQ</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Rio 2016 DNQ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2015, China attempted to qualify Rio 2016, at the 2015 ARFU Men's Sevens Championships held in Hong Kong. However, it finished fifth, behind Japan (which qualified directly for Rio), and Hong Kong, South Korea and Sri Lanka (which went through to the Final 2016 Men's Olympic Qualification Tournament, which would determine the 12th and last team to play at Rio 2016). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Tokyo_2020_DNQ">Tokyo 2020 DNQ</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Tokyo 2020 DNQ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2019 Asia Men's Sevens Championship doubled as the Olympic qualifying tournament. China was eliminated after losing (after extra time) in the semi-final against eventual winners South Korea. However, because it finished in the top 4 it qualified for the <a href="/wiki/2020_Men%27s_Rugby_Sevens_Final_Olympic_Qualification_Tournament" title="2020 Men's Rugby Sevens Final Olympic Qualification Tournament">2020 Men's Rugby Sevens Final Olympic Qualification Tournament</a>, held in Monaco in June 2021 (postponed from June 2020 due to COVID), from which it could have qualified for Tokyo 2020. Unfortunately, China had to withdraw from the tournament (which was won by Ireland) due to constraints caused by the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Paris_2024">Paris 2024</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Paris 2024"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CRFU has as an official objective for the men's sevens team to qualify for the 2024 Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-supchina.com_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supchina.com-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="World_Cup_2">World Cup</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: World Cup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Cape_Town_2022_2">Cape Town 2022</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Cape Town 2022"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>China attempted to qualify for the <a href="/wiki/2022_Rugby_World_Cup_Sevens" title="2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens">2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens</a> through the qualifying tournament in Dubai on 19–20 November 2021. However, they finished 4th, behind Hong Kong, South Korea and Japan,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with only the top two teams progressing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="HSBC_World_Rugby_Sevens_Series">HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>China has not yet qualified for the HSBC <a href="/wiki/World_Rugby_Sevens_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="World Rugby Sevens Series">World Rugby Sevens Series</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Asian_Sevens_Series">Asian Sevens Series</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Asian Sevens Series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>China has competed in the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Sevens_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Sevens Series">Asian Sevens Series</a> since it began in 2009. A video of a 2015 match against Thailand is available online.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China finished 4th in 2016, 5th in 2017, and 5th in 2018. In some years, the tournaments in the Series include a <a href="/wiki/China_Sevens" title="China Sevens">China Sevens</a> event. China made the final of the 2019 China event, having beaten favourites Japan in the semi-finals, but lost out to Hong Kong by 7-14. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Asian_Games_2">Asian Games</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Asian Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rugby Sevens has been contested by men at the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian Games</a> since 1998. China's best placing was third in 2006. In the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_2018_Asian_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby sevens at the 2018 Asian Games – Men's tournament">2018 edition</a>, China finished 6th out of 12 teams. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rugby_XVs">Rugby XVs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Rugby XVs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Within_China_2">Within China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Within China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Women's_and_Men's_XVs"><span id="Women.27s_and_Men.27s_XVs"></span>Women's and Men's XVs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Women's and Men's XVs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rugby XVs does not attract the same level of support as rugby sevens. For example, while the provinces that compete in the <a href="/wiki/National_Games_of_China" title="National Games of China">National Games of China</a> all have sevens teams, there are no regional XVs sides and no national rugby XV competition. According to the UK newspaper the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Telegraph">Daily Telegraph</a>, the decision by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 2009 to introduce rugby sevens to the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> “has effectively halted the development of 15-a-side rugby in China. Beijing reacted by immediately gearing its national rugby system towards sevens, instructing the universities to focus on the format.” <sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zhiqiang_(rugby_union)" title="Zhang Zhiqiang (rugby union)">Zhang Zhiqiang</a>, the former China national side captain, added in 2015 that “[o]ur national system is geared towards an Olympic strategy, and sevens, as one of the Olympic events, gets more attention.” <sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Youth_XVs">Youth XVs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Youth XVs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2016, the inaugural National Youth 15's tournament was held in <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> in association with the Qingdao Sharks Rugby Club, one of the first non-university, non-expat rugby clubs formed in China (in 1998).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event was won by Jinan. The president of the China Rugby Football Union stated that the tournament "bodes well for the development of the 15’s game in China as the event has created a lot of interest in other Provinces to host future 15’s tournaments".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Clubs">Clubs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Clubs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is currently no professional XV rugby competition within the Chinese mainland. However, it has been reported that a number of east coast clubs are likely to be part of a proposed league run by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Rugby_Football_Association" title="Chinese Rugby Football Association">Chinese Rugby Football Association</a> beginning in 2018. </p><p>There are a number of amateur clubs which compete domestically for the annual All China Rugby Cup. Teams compete in one of four divisions, based on their location (e.g. the North China division or the South China division). At the end of the season, the top finisher in every division qualifies for the All China Rugby Cup. Meanwhile, the second-place team from each division lands in the four-team China Plate Final. </p><p>The 2017 All China Rugby Cup was won by the Shanghai Silver Dragons (of the Shanghai Rugby Football Club) against the Guangzhou Rams, 46–16.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The social clubs are dominated by expatriates, including the Shanghai Rugby Football Club, the Beijing Devils, and the Hangzhou Harlequins. The Shanghai and Beijing teams play domestically but also in the Yellow Sea Cup against a team from Seoul, South Korea. </p><p>Some clubs have a native-Chinese base (such as Nongda aka the <a href="/wiki/China_Agricultural_University" title="China Agricultural University">China Agricultural University</a> and the Beijing Flying Horses Rugby Club) or have made significant efforts to reach out to native Chinese (such as the Qingdao Sharks Rugby Club).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More than 10 universities in China, including the <a href="/wiki/China_Agricultural_University" title="China Agricultural University">China Agricultural University</a>, Beijing Normal University and South China Agriculture University, have introduced majors in athletic training with rugby as a specialty.<sup id="cite_ref-chinadaily.com.cn_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinadaily.com.cn-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China_at_international_level_2">China at international level</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: China at international level"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Women's_XVs"><span id="Women.27s_XVs"></span>Women's XVs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Women's XVs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/China_women%27s_national_rugby_union_team" title="China women's national rugby union team">China women's national rugby union team</a> first played in 2006 and continued regularly until 2012. They began playing again in 2019, when they won the Asia Rugby Women’s Division 1 title with victory over both Singapore and the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However they later (just) lost a two-match playoff against Kazakhstan, so did not gain a spot in the 2021 <a href="/wiki/Asian_Women%27s_Rugby_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Women's Rugby Championship">Asian Women's Rugby Championship</a> (which they won in 2006 and 2011), which would have given them a chance to qualify for the 2021 Women's World Cup.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 22 November 2021, China's women's XV side was ranked 23rd in the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Men's_XVs"><span id="Men.27s_XVs"></span>Men's XVs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Men's XVs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ranking">Ranking</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Ranking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/China_national_rugby_union_team" title="China national rugby union team">China national rugby union team</a> first played in 1997. As of 28 May 2018, China's men's XV side was ranked 87th in the world, down from 68th on 14 November 2016. Its highest ranking was 37th, which was achieved in the early 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the points system used by <a href="/wiki/World_Rugby" title="World Rugby">World Rugby</a> to rank rugby nations, China regularly scored between 46 and 49 points in the period 2003–2009. Since 2010, it has typically scored between 39 and 41 points.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because they play so seldom, and with little media coverage, it is difficult to judge the standard of the men's XV team. In 2018, an opponent with experience in club rugby in <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a>, New Zealand, compared the standard to "Dunedin premier two grade" and stated: "The Chinese side was huge but they were pretty robotic. They just did a lot of pods and it was all pretty slow. Not very expansive."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pod is a group of players who attack the same space together. When it is used correctly, defenders don't know which attacker will get the ball. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Asian_Rugby_Championship">Asian Rugby Championship</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Asian Rugby Championship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>China has been as high as Division 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Asia_Rugby_Championship" title="Asia Rugby Championship">Asia Rugby Championship</a>, most recently in 2008 when it was grouped with Singapore, Chinese Taipei and Sri Lanka. However, between 2015 and 2019, the team was in Division 3 East of the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Rugby_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Rugby Championship">Asian Rugby Championship</a>, alongside countries like Guam, Brunei and Laos. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Asia_Rugby_Championship_division_tournaments" title="2019 Asia Rugby Championship division tournaments">2019 Asia Rugby Championship division tournaments</a>, China went unbeaten against India and Indonesia, with 137 points for and only 27 against, gaining promotion to Division 2 in the process. Participation in Division 2 will enable the team to attempt qualification for the <a href="/wiki/2023_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2023 Rugby World Cup">2023 Rugby World Cup</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Bilateral_Matches">Bilateral Matches</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Bilateral Matches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>China plays in what was intended to be an annual Kublai Khan Cup against Mongolia.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the inaugural match in May 2015, China won 46–19. No further contests for the Cup have been recorded. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="World_Cup_3">World Cup</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: World Cup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In its attempt to qualify for the <a href="/wiki/2015_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2015 Rugby World Cup">2015 Rugby World Cup</a>, China participated in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Rugby_World_Cup_%E2%80%93_Asia_qualification" title="2015 Rugby World Cup – Asia qualification">2015 Rugby World Cup – Asia qualification</a>, as part of the 2012 Asian Five Nations Division 2. It lost its first match to Malaysia 89–0, and so was eliminated from the qualification process. </p><p>China was not eligible to attempt to qualify for the <a href="/wiki/2019_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2019 Rugby World Cup">2019 Rugby World Cup</a>, because only teams in the Top Three (generally Japan, Hong Kong and South Korea), Division 1, and Division 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Rugby_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Rugby Championship">Asian Rugby Championship</a> can participate in the qualification process. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Military">Military</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/People%E2%80%99s_Liberation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="People’s Liberation Army">People’s Liberation Army</a> XV team represents China in the International Defence Rugby Competition, which is held alongside the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup" title="Rugby World Cup">Rugby World Cup</a>. It participated in the inaugural 2011 edition, held in New Zealand and Australia. Results included a 59–12 loss to the Tongan Defence Services.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it did not appear in the 2015 edition held in England or in the 2019 edition held in Japan. According to Simon Chadwick, professor of sports enterprise at the University of Salford, "[t]he Chinese armed forces have been playing rugby [XVs] for a number of years. They have believed that rugby is one of the best ways to develop the skills of their personnel, involving as it does strength, teamwork and decision-making.”<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/People%E2%80%99s_Liberation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="People’s Liberation Army">People’s Liberation Army</a> XV team, which is stationed at the army’s sports institute in Guangzhou,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also competes in an annual match against the Hong Kong Disciplined Services team in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=TK_Lai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TK Lai (page does not exist)">TK Lai</a> Cup, named after Hong Kong's Secretary for Security. The match has traditionally been played in December but in 2016 was played during <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taipan_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taipan Day (page does not exist)">Taipan Day</a> in April, with the PLA replaced by a new Hong Kong team, the Tin Shui Wai Pandas. </p><p>The team has also been a part of the second-tier rugby competition in Hong Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Youth_XVs_2">Youth XVs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Youth XVs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>China did not participate in the Asian Under-19 Rugby Championship held in Malaysia in December 2016 nor in the Asian Under-19 Rugby Championship held in Hong Kong and Sri Lanka in December 2017. </p><p>China's national youth team toured New Zealand between 18 and 26 June 2017 to play against Hamilton Boys' High School in Hamilton and to visit the Rotorua Boys' High School Academy and the Bay of Plenty Steamers in Tauranga.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Efforts_to_develop_rugby">Efforts to develop rugby</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Efforts to develop rugby"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positive_developments">Positive developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Positive developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Team_China_Initiative">Team China Initiative</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Team China Initiative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2016, World Rugby announced its Team China initiative, signed in partnership with company Alisports and China's rugby football association. Alisports committed to invest $100m over the 2016-2026 period, in an effort to further popularise both formats of the game. </p><p>According to World Rugby,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the project was to initially focus on four main goals: (i) Establishment of first-ever professional men's and women's 15s leagues and national sevens programmes (ii) World Rugby's Get Into Rugby mass participation programme (see below) to be run in 10,000 universities and schools in 20 provinces with the target of attracting and retaining one million new players over the next five years (iii) Development programmes to achieve the recruitment and training of 30,000 coaches and 15,000 match officials by 2020 (iv) A major rugby marketing and promotion initiative that would see Alisports invest in nationwide marketing and promotional programmes while carrying rugby content on its TV and digital platforms and Alibaba, the world's biggest e-commerce platform </p><p>Progress with the Team China Initiative was slow, however, notably due to "governance changes" within Chinese rugby.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> World Rugby CEO Breet Gosper stated in April 2018: "I’d have to say it's been slow progress, the partnership. It's slower than we would have liked. Things aren’t [as] easy and rapid in China as we would have liked in the areas we are dealing with. It's been slowed down recently by a change in the government's administrative approach in China and what we have done is put [this programme] on hold for a month or two until we get clarity on who is leading rugby in China."<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alisports CEO and founder Zhang Dazhong stated in September 2018: "First we want to cultivate the popularity of rugby in China so we will start with that first, and then once we've started then we will think about the goals, like this $100m promise. We will start with campus rugby first... We will not be involved with any club, federations or national level regarding the sport."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2019, World Rugby announced that the Team China Initiative had finally been abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Get_Into_Rugby_(GIR)_Programme"><span id="Get_Into_Rugby_.28GIR.29_Programme"></span>Get Into Rugby (GIR) Programme</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Get Into Rugby (GIR) Programme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017, 140,986 Chinese boys and girls took the GIR programme, learning basic rugby skills. This was the fourth highest GIR figure in the world, behind Colombia (216,341), South Africa (170,919), and India (160,378).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IMPACT_Beyond_RWC_2019">IMPACT Beyond RWC 2019</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: IMPACT Beyond RWC 2019"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IMPACT Beyond is a World Rugby initiative which has been in place since 2013, and has previously included IMPACT Beyond RWC 2015 and IMPACT Beyond Rio 2016. In May 2017, the IMPACT Beyond RWC 2019 project was launched.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a partnership between <a href="/wiki/World_Rugby" title="World Rugby">World Rugby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia_Rugby" title="Asia Rugby">Asia Rugby</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Japan Rugby Football Union">Japan Rugby Football Union</a> and is the official 'legacy' programme for Rugby World Cup 2019. One of its four 'pillars' is 'growing the game across Asia', and as such it appears to have subsumed <a href="/wiki/Asia_Rugby" title="Asia Rugby">Asia Rugby</a>'s Asia Rugby One Million Project, which uses Get Into Rugby programmes and aims to achieve 1 million new players across Asia (making a total of 2 million) by the start of the <a href="/wiki/2019_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2019 Rugby World Cup">2019 Rugby World Cup</a> (in China, this is being run in 4 locations: Beijing, Shanghai, Liaoning & Shandong). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bilateral_Agreements">Bilateral Agreements</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Bilateral Agreements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2017, the Chinese rugby football association signed a memorandum of understanding with the Fijian rugby football union, under which Fiji will supply coaches to help develop Chinese sevens and fifteens rugby.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2017, the Chinese rugby football association signed a memorandum of understanding with the Samoa Rugby Union,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under which the Samoa Rugby Union will "promote the sport in China and also provide an environment for C.F.R.A. teams to visit and learn from local teams and competitions on [the] island".<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this regard, China will take part in Samoa's Marist International Sevens tournament in February 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Search_for_China-eligible_players">Search for China-eligible players</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Search for China-eligible players"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late 2017, it was reported that advertisements had appeared on social media targeting people of Chinese descent living abroad who may wish to represent China in rugby.<sup id="cite_ref-fijisun.com.fj_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fijisun.com.fj-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Already the search has been successful, as "Peter Wong will become the first Fijian to represent China in rugby sevens".<sup id="cite_ref-fijisun.com.fj_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fijisun.com.fj-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rapid_Rugby_Championship">Rapid Rugby Championship</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Rapid Rugby Championship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Australian billionaire Andrew Forrest is launching the Rapid Rugby Championship in 2019, featuring women's and men's 7s and XVs teams from Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Fiji, Samoa and Japan, who will play in a round-robin format from February–June.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Business Insider Australia, "Forrest is hoping to expand the competition further in the next two years with teams from China, India, the UAE, Sri Lanka and Korea".<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_CRFA_Leadership">New CRFA Leadership</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: New CRFA Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2019, Chen Yingbiao was elected as the new president of the Chinese Rugby Football Association (CRFA) and — unlike many of his predecessors — he actually has a rugby background through his athletic association with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). Chen’s is ambitious: In his opening statement he said he would resign if the Chinese women’s sevens team did not qualify for the Tokyo Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-supchina.com_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supchina.com-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Challenges">Challenges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012, ARFU secretary-general Ross Mitchell was reported as saying that China's rugby administration "find it difficult to field their best team in international sevens competitions because their PLA players are not allowed permission to go overseas".<sup id="cite_ref-scmp.com_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp.com-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Jin Mengwei, wife of <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Zhang" title="Johnny Zhang">Johnny Zhang</a> and director of a youth rugby camp based at CAU which offers students from nearby primary schools training in sevens rugby, stated that "[t]he biggest challenge is the strong perception among parents and school principals generally that rugby is a dangerous game, even at the junior level, which features the safer touch version and uses protective gear."<sup id="cite_ref-chinadaily.com.cn_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinadaily.com.cn-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Xu Fangjie, coach of the Liaoning provincial men's team, said that "[t]he biggest problem is that we don't have enough games to play. If people can't see us play on a regular basis throughout the year, how can we promote the sport?"<sup id="cite_ref-chinadaily.com.cn_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinadaily.com.cn-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 2016, women's sevens coach Ben Gollings referred to "red tape" and also noted, non-judgmentally, that many of the players representing the country grew up playing other sports, and therefore do not necessarily have a personal passion for playing rugby.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the club captain of the expatriate side Beijing Devils, Steven Lynch, said in 2015 that “[t]here really needs to be deeper roots of rugby at grass roots level for it to succeed in China.” <sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, <a href="/wiki/World_Rugby" title="World Rugby">World Rugby</a> decided that, from 2020, the residency requirement to qualify for a national team would be extended from three to five years.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One commentator has questioned whether this might make it more difficult for developing nations like China to compete internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, an ex-pat player at the Wuhan Baiji team in China, Martin Sullivan, was quoted as saying: "The main thing which is actually holding back Chinese rugby is the lack of facilities, lack of grass pitches, lack of trained coaches and lack of understanding of rugby."<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, a Shanghai-based lawyer who played for the PLA team in the early 2000s, Liu Kai, was quoted in the online news magazine <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Tone" title="Sixth Tone">Sixth Tone</a> as saying that poor decision-making by China’s sports authorities was to blame, in particular the decision to focus on just one version of the sport (rugby sevens). The magazine noted that, in 2002, "the Olympic Council of Asia decided that only the seven-a-side version of rugby, rugby sevens, rather than the traditional 15-a-side game, rugby union, would be played at future editions of the Asian Games — a decision that convinced the Chinese authorities to halt support for rugby union [XVs], according to Liu. 'This caused most of China’s 15s teams to fade away,' says Liu ... 'The CRFA should be promoting the sport, but they’re not,' says Liu. 'So, us diehard rugby fans are left to do it ourselves' ... China’s sports organizations, meanwhile, should be run by people with real experience and knowledge of the games they are promoting, rather than by bureaucrats, according to Liu."<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_regions">Related regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Related regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong_and_Macau">Hong Kong and Macau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Hong Kong and Macau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Hong_Kong" title="Rugby union in Hong Kong">Rugby union in Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Macau" title="Rugby union in Macau">Rugby union in Macau</a></div> <p>Rugby union has an uninterrupted history in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, where arguably the most successful <a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">sevens</a> tournament is held. The <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_national_rugby_union_team" title="Hong Kong national rugby union team">national team of Hong Kong</a> also participates in the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Five_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Five Nations">Asian Five Nations</a>. However, Rugby union has a much smaller presence in <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Taiwan" title="Rugby union in Taiwan">Rugby union in Taiwan</a></div> <p>Rugby union has an unbroken history in Taiwan, but the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> and souring of relations with the mainland has meant that it was effectively cut off. </p><p>Nonetheless, Taiwan, playing as Chinese Taipei, has a very successful <a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">rugby sevens</a> side, and it is ranked in fourth position in East Asia, after Japan, Hong Kong and South Korea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Hong_Kong" title="Rugby union in Hong Kong">Rugby union in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Macau" title="Rugby union in Macau">Rugby union in Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Taiwan" title="Rugby union in Taiwan">Rugby union in Taiwan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Starmer-Smith" title="Nigel Starmer-Smith">Starmer-Smith, Nigel</a> (ed) <i>Rugby - A Way of Life, An Illustrated History of Rugby</i> (Lennard Books, 1986 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-2662-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7126-2662-X">0-7126-2662-X</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-theprovince.com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theprovince.com_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theprovince.com_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprovince.com/sports/rugby/china-aims-to-take-on-the-world-with-rugby-revolution">"China aims to take on the world with rugby revolution"</a>. <i>Theprovince.com</i>. 4 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1984) <i>The Book of Rugby Disasters & Bizarre Records</i>. Compiled by Chris Rhys. London. Century Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-0911-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7126-0911-3">0-7126-0911-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnor2015" class="citation web cs1">Connor, Neil (29 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150930233719/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11895517/China-isnt-in-the-Rugby-World-Cup-its-goal-is-to-win-the-Sevens-at-the-Olympics.html">"China isn't in the Rugby World Cup - its goal is to win the Sevens at the Olympics"</a>. <i>Telegraph.co.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11895517/China-isnt-in-the-Rugby-World-Cup-its-goal-is-to-win-the-Sevens-at-the-Olympics.html">the original</a> on 30 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=China+isn%27t+in+the+Rugby+World+Cup+-+its+goal+is+to+win+the+Sevens+at+the+Olympics&rft.date=2015-09-29&rft.aulast=Connor&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Fchina%2F11895517%2FChina-isnt-in-the-Rugby-World-Cup-its-goal-is-to-win-the-Sevens-at-the-Olympics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugby+union+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bath, Richard (ed.) <i>The Complete Book of Rugby</i> (Seven Oaks Ltd, 1997 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86200-013-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-86200-013-1">1-86200-013-1</a>) p65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Starmer-Smith2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Starmer-Smith2_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Starmer-Smith, p186</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/news/8022891/Chinese-take-away-rugby-tips">"Chinese take away rugby tips"</a>. <i>Stuff</i>. 30 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scmp.com&rft.atitle=China+has+30m+rugby+fans+%E2%80%93+No.1+alongside+USA%2C+says+World+Rugby&rft.date=2018-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fsport%2Frugby%2Ffifteens%2Farticle%2F2141047%2Fchina-has-30-million-rugby-fans-no-1-world-alongside-usa-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugby+union+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">44 million people in China watched sevens at the Rio Olympics — double the number in the UK and second only to the United States worldwide</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nielsensports.com/world-rugby-minnows-huge-leaps-fandom/">"World Rugby's minnows show the huge leaps in fandom"</a>. <i>Nielsensports.com</i>. 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Punditarena.com&rft.atitle=Why+Changing+The+Residency+Rule+Might+Slow+Rugby%27s+Development&rft.date=2017-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.punditarena.com%2Frugby%2Ftfudakowski%2Fchanging-residency-rule-might-slow-rugbys-development%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugby+union+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2018" class="citation web cs1">Wood, George (4 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://the1014.com/rugby-in-china-eastern-promise-or-a-false-dawn/">"Rugby in China - Eastern Promise or A False Dawn?"</a>. <i>The1014.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The1014.com&rft.atitle=Rugby+in+China+-+Eastern+Promise+or+A+False+Dawn%3F&rft.date=2018-01-04&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthe1014.com%2Frugby-in-china-eastern-promise-or-a-false-dawn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugby+union+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1004706/why-rugby-has-yet-to-convert-the-chinese">"Why Rugby Has Yet to Convert the Chinese"</a>. 18 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Rugby+Has+Yet+to+Convert+the+Chinese&rft.date=2019-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sixthtone.com%2Fnews%2F1004706%2Fwhy-rugby-has-yet-to-convert-the-chinese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugby+union+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_China&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090407091100/http://www.irb.com/mm/document/training/0/beginners20guide20zh_7395.pdf">IRB guide to rugby in Chinese</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715212736/http://www.rugbyinasia.com/china/index.php">Rugby in Asia China Homepage</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090101233537/http://www.rugbychina.com/main.php?sLAN=en">China Rugby Union</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928052538/http://www.irb.com/unions/union%3D11000083/index.html">China on IRB</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irbchina.com/main.php?sLAN=en">IRB China</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Rugby_union_in_China" title="Template:Rugby union in China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rugby_union_in_China" title="Template talk:Rugby union in China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rugby_union_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rugby union in China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rugby_union_in_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rugby union in China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governing body</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Rugby_Football_Association" title="Chinese Rugby Football Association">Chinese Rugby Football Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Men's</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_national_rugby_union_team" title="China national rugby union team">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_national_rugby_sevens_team" title="China national rugby sevens team">7's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Women's</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_women%27s_national_rugby_union_team" title="China women's national rugby union team">Women's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_women%27s_national_rugby_union_team_(sevens)" class="mw-redirect" title="China women's national rugby union team (sevens)">7's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Rugby_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Rugby Championship">Asian Rugby Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Sevens_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Sevens Series">Asian Sevens Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hosted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Sevens" title="China Sevens">China Sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Women%27s_Sevens" title="China Women's Sevens">China Women's Sevens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Super_Cup_(rugby_union)" title="Super Cup (rugby union)">Super Powers Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Hong_Kong" title="Rugby union in Hong Kong">Rugby union in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Macau" title="Rugby union in Macau">Rugby union in Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Taiwan" title="Rugby union in Taiwan">Rugby union in Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rugby_union_in_World_Rugby_affiliated_nations_not_present_in_the_Rugby_World_Cups" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rugby_union_outside_WC" title="Template:Rugby union outside WC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rugby_union_outside_WC" title="Template talk:Rugby union outside WC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rugby_union_outside_WC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rugby union outside WC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rugby_union_in_World_Rugby_affiliated_nations_not_present_in_the_Rugby_World_Cups" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_Rugby" title="World Rugby">World Rugby</a> affiliated nations not present in the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup" title="Rugby World Cup">Rugby World Cups</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third tier without<br />World Cup experience</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Algeria" title="Rugby union in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_American_Samoa" title="Rugby union in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Andorra" title="Rugby union in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_the_Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Arab states of the Persian Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Armenia" title="Rugby union in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Austria" title="Rugby union in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Azerbaijan" title="Rugby union in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_the_Bahamas" title="Rugby union in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Barbados" title="Rugby union in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Belgium" title="Rugby union in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Rugby union in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Botswana" title="Rugby union in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Brazil" title="Rugby union in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Rugby union in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Brunei" title="Rugby union in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Bulgaria" title="Rugby union in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Burundi" title="Rugby union in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Cambodia" title="Rugby union in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Cameroon" title="Rugby union in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Rugby union in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Chile" title="Rugby union in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Taiwan" title="Rugby union in Taiwan">Chinese Taipei</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Colombia" title="Rugby union in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Rugby union in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Costa_Rica" title="Rugby union in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Croatia" title="Rugby union in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Cyprus" title="Rugby union in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Rugby union in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Denmark" title="Rugby union in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Ecuador" title="Rugby union in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Finland" title="Rugby union in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_French_Polynesia" title="Rugby union in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a> (Tahiti)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Germany" title="Rugby union in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Ghana" title="Rugby union in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Greece" title="Rugby union in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Guam" title="Rugby union in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Guatemala" title="Rugby union in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Guyana" title="Rugby union in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Hong_Kong" title="Rugby union in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Hungary" title="Rugby union in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_India" title="Rugby union in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Israel" title="Rugby union in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Jamaica" title="Rugby union in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Kazakhstan" title="Rugby union in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Kenya" title="Rugby union in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Rugby union in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Laos" title="Rugby union in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Latvia" title="Rugby union in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Lesotho" title="Rugby union in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Lithuania" title="Rugby union in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Luxembourg" title="Rugby union in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Macau" title="Rugby union in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Madagascar" title="Rugby union in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Malaysia" title="Rugby union in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Mali" title="Rugby union in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Malta" title="Rugby union in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Mauritania" title="Rugby union in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Mauritius" title="Rugby union in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Mexico" title="Rugby union in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Moldova" title="Rugby union in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Monaco" title="Rugby union in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Mongolia" title="Rugby union in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Morocco" title="Rugby union in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Nauru" title="Rugby union in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_the_Netherlands" title="Rugby union in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Nigeria" title="Rugby union in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union in Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Norway" title="Rugby union in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Pakistan" title="Rugby union in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Rugby union in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Paraguay" title="Rugby union in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Peru" title="Rugby union in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_the_Philippines" title="Rugby union in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Poland" title="Rugby union in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Rwanda" title="Rugby union in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Senegal" title="Rugby union in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Serbia" title="Rugby union in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Singapore" title="Rugby union in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Slovakia" title="Rugby union in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Slovenia" title="Rugby union in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Rugby union in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_South_Korea" title="Rugby union in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Rugby union in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Saint_Lucia" title="Rugby union in Saint Lucia">St Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">St Vincent & Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union in Swaziland">Swaziland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Sweden" title="Rugby union in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Switzerland" title="Rugby union in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Tanzania" title="Rugby union in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Thailand" title="Rugby union in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Togo" title="Rugby union in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Tunisia" title="Rugby union in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Rugby union in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad & Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Uganda" title="Rugby union in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Ukraine" title="Rugby union in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Uzbekistan" title="Rugby union in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Vanuatu" title="Rugby union in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Venezuela" title="Rugby union in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Zambia" title="Rugby union in Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states without<br />World Cup experience</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Czechoslovakia" title="Rugby union in Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_the_German_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rugby union in the German Democratic Republic (page does not exist)">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Rugby union in the Soviet Union">USSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_West_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union in West Germany">West Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Yugoslavia" title="Rugby union in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rugby_union_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rugby_union_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Asia" title="Rugby union in Asia">Rugby union in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Afghanistan" title="Rugby union in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Armenia" title="Rugby union in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Azerbaijan" title="Rugby union in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Bahrain" title="Rugby union in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Bangladesh" title="Rugby union in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Bhutan" title="Rugby union in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Brunei" title="Rugby union in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Cambodia" title="Rugby union in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Cyprus" title="Rugby union in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rugby union in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Egypt" title="Rugby union in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_India" title="Rugby union in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Indonesia" title="Rugby union in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Iran" title="Rugby union in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rugby union in Iraq (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Israel" title="Rugby union in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Japan" title="Rugby union in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Kazakhstan" title="Rugby union in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_South_Korea" title="Rugby union in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Kuwait" title="Rugby union in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Rugby union in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Laos" title="Rugby union in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Lebanon" title="Rugby union in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Malaysia" title="Rugby union in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rugby union in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Mongolia" title="Rugby union in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Myanmar" title="Rugby union in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rugby union in Nepal (page does not exist)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Pakistan" title="Rugby union in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_the_Philippines" title="Rugby union in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Russia" title="Rugby union in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Rugby union in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Singapore" title="Rugby union in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Rugby union in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Syria" title="Rugby union in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Tajikistan" title="Rugby union in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Thailand" title="Rugby union in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Turkey" title="Rugby union in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Turkmenistan" title="Rugby union in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Uzbekistan" title="Rugby union in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Vietnam" title="Rugby union in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rugby union in Yemen (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rugby union in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rugby union in the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rugby union in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Taiwan" title="Rugby union in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rugby union in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Hong_Kong" title="Rugby union in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Macau" title="Rugby union in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a 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