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Board of Education</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 29 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B6%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85" title="قضية براون ضد مجلس التعليم – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قضية براون ضد مجلس التعليم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_protiv_Odbora_za_obrazovanje" title="Brown protiv Odbora za obrazovanje – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Brown protiv Odbora za obrazovanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_contra_el_Consell_d%27Educaci%C3%B3" title="Brown contra el Consell d'Educació – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Brown contra el Consell d'Educació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_vs._%C5%A1koln%C3%AD_rada_Topeky" title="Brown vs. školní rada Topeky – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Brown vs. školní rada Topeky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brown v. Board of Education" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Brown v. Board of Education" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caso_Brown_contra_el_Consejo_de_Educaci%C3%B3n" title="Caso Brown contra el Consejo de Educación – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caso Brown contra el Consejo de Educación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4" title="براون در برابر هیئت آموزش – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="براون در برابر هیئت آموزش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_vastaan_Topekan_koululautakunta" title="Brown vastaan Topekan koululautakunta – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brown vastaan Topekan koululautakunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brown v. Board of Education" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%A7_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9A" title="פסק דין בראון נגד מועצת החינוך – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פסק דין בראון נגד מועצת החינוך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_contro_l%27ufficio_scolastico_di_Topeka" title="Brown contro l'ufficio scolastico di Topeka – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Brown contro l'ufficio scolastico di Topeka" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E5%AF%BE%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E4%BC%9A%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4" title="ブラウン対教育委員会裁判 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブラウン対教育委員会裁判" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%AD%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9B%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%92" title="ბრაუნი განათლების საბჭოს წინააღმდეგ – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრაუნი განათლების საბჭოს წინააღმდეგ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B4_%EB%8C%80_%ED%86%A0%ED%94%BC%EC%B9%B4_%EA%B5%90%EC%9C%A1%EC%9C%84%EC%9B%90%ED%9A%8C_%EC%9E%AC%ED%8C%90" title="브라운 대 토피카 교육위원회 재판 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브라운 대 토피카 교육위원회 재판" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brown v. Board of Education" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_mot_skolestyret" title="Brown mot skolestyret – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brown mot skolestyret" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_kontra_urz%C4%85d_edukacji_w_Topeka" title="Brown kontra urząd edukacji w Topeka – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brown kontra urząd edukacji w Topeka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caso_Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Caso Brown v. Board of Education – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caso Brown v. Board of Education" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E" title="Браун против Совета по образованию – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Браун против Совета по образованию" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Brown v. Board of Education" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Браун против Одбора за образовање – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Браун против Одбора за образовање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_mot_skolstyrelsen" title="Brown mot skolstyrelsen – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brown mot skolstyrelsen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2" title="คดีระหว่างบราวน์กับคณะกรรมการการศึกษา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คดีระหว่างบราวน์กับคณะกรรมการการศึกษา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Brown v. 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox scotus" style="line-height: 1.2em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #99c0ff; padding: 0.2em; line-height:1.3em; font-style: italic">Brown v. Board of Education</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><div style="padding:3px 0;"></div><b><a href="/wiki/Mahkamah_Agung_Amerika_Serikat" title="Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat">Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; white-space:nowrap">Disidangkan pada December 9, 1952<br />Disidangkan ulang pada December 8, 1953<br />Diputus pada May 17, 1954</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nama lengkap kasus</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Oliver Brown, et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka, et al.</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kutipan</th><td class="infobox-data">347 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/us/347/483/case.html">483</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kasus_Mahkamah_Agung_Amerika_Serikat,_volume_347&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kasus Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat, volume 347 (halaman belum tersedia)">lanjut</a></i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Versi sebelumnya</th><td class="infobox-data">Judgment for defendants, 98 <a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Supp.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. Supp. (halaman belum tersedia)">F. Supp.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/98/797/1899646/">797</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Kansas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States District Court for the District of Kansas (halaman belum tersedia)">D. Kan.</a> 1951); probable jurisdiction noted, 344 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/us/344/1/case.html">1</a> (1952).</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Versi selanjutnya</th><td class="infobox-data">Judgment on relief, 349 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/us/349/294/case.html">294</a> (1955) (<i>Brown II</i>); on remand, 139 <a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Supp.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. Supp. (halaman belum tersedia)">F. Supp.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/139/468/2373421/">468</a> (D. Kan. 1955); motion to intervene granted, 84 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Rules_Decisions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal Rules Decisions (halaman belum tersedia)">F.R.D.</a> 383 (D. Kan. 1979); judgment for defendants, 671 <a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Supp.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. Supp. (halaman belum tersedia)">F. Supp.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/671/1290/2595170/">1290</a> (D. Kan. 1987); reversed, 892 <a href="/w/index.php?title=F.2d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F.2d (halaman belum tersedia)">F.2d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/892/851/72610/">851</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Cir.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Cir. (halaman belum tersedia)">10th Cir.</a> 1989); vacated, 503 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/us/503/978/case.html">978</a> (1992) (<i>Brown III</i>); judgment reinstated, 978 <a href="/w/index.php?title=F.2d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F.2d (halaman belum tersedia)">F.2d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/978/585/183141/">585</a> (10th Cir. 1992); judgment for defendants, 56 <a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Supp._2d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. Supp. 2d (halaman belum tersedia)">F. Supp. 2d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/56/1212/2449313/">1212</a> (D. Kan. 1999)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; white-space:nowrap">Amar putusan</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Segregasi siswa di sekolah publik melanggar <a href="/wiki/Klausul_Perlindungan_Setara" title="Klausul Perlindungan Setara">Klausul Perlindungan Setara</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Amendemen_Keempat_Belas_Konstitusi_Amerika_Serikat" title="Amendemen Keempat Belas Konstitusi Amerika Serikat">Amendemen Keempat Belas Konstitusi</a> karena fasilitas yang terpisah secara inheren adalah tidak setara. Membalikkan putusan Pengadilan Distrik Kansas.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; white-space:nowrap"><span class="plainlinks nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_SCOTUS_case#Court_composition_key" title="Templat:Infobox SCOTUS case"><span style="color:black">Hakim yang memutus</span></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; white-space:nowrap">Pendapat</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mayoritas</th><td class="infobox-data">Warren, bersama <i>unanimous</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; white-space:nowrap">Dasar hukum</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Amendemen_Keempat_Belas_Konstitusi_Amerika_Serikat" title="Amendemen Keempat Belas Konstitusi Amerika Serikat">Amendemen Keempat Belas Konstitusi</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color: green; color: white; font-weight: bold">Putusan kasus ini membatalkan putusan kasus</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">(partial) <i><a href="/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson" title="Plessy v. Ferguson">Plessy v. Ferguson</a></i> (1896)<br /><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumming_v._Richmond_County_Board_of_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education (halaman belum tersedia)">Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education</a></i> (1899)<br /><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berea_College_v._Kentucky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berea College v. Kentucky (halaman belum tersedia)">Berea College v. Kentucky</a></i> (1908)</td></tr></tbody></table><p><i><b>Brown v.</b></i> <i><b>Board of Education of Topeka</b></i>, 347 US 483 (1954),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adalah putusan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_keputusan_pengadilan_penting_di_Amerika_Serikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar keputusan pengadilan penting di Amerika Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">penting</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahkamah_Agung_Amerika_Serikat" title="Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat">Mahkamah Agung AS</a> yang menyatakan bahwa undang-undang <a href="/wiki/Negara_bagian_Amerika_Serikat" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara bagian Amerika Serikat">negara bagian AS</a> yang menetapkan <a href="/wiki/Segregasi_ras" title="Segregasi ras">segregasi rasial</a> di <a href="/wiki/Sekolah_negeri_(pemerintah)" title="Sekolah negeri (pemerintah)">sekolah umum</a> adalah tidak konstitusional, bahkan jika sekolah yang dipisahkan memiliki fasilitas dengan kualitas yang sama. Putusan Pengadilan ini sebagian membalikkan putusan Mahkamah Agung AS pada tahun 1896 dalam perkara <a href="/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson" title="Plessy v. Ferguson"><i>Plessy v.</i> <i>Ferguson</i></a> dengan menyatakan bahwa doktrin hukum "terpisah tetapi setara" adalah tidak konstitusional untuk sekolah umum dan fasilitas pendidikan Amerika. Putusan ini membuka jalan bagi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Integrasi_ras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Integrasi ras (halaman belum tersedia)">Integrasi ras</a> dan merupakan kemenangan besar <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Hak-Hak_Sipil_Afrika-Amerika_(1955-1968)" title="Gerakan Hak-Hak Sipil Afrika-Amerika (1955-1968)">gerakan hak-hak sipil</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan menjadi model untuk banyak kasus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litigasi_dampak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litigasi dampak (halaman belum tersedia)">litigasi yang berdampak</a> di masa depan.<sup id="cite_ref-Schuck_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schuck-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perkara ini bermula pada tahun 1951 ketika sebuah sekolah publik di <a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka, Kansas</a>, menolak untuk menerima putri penduduk kulit hitam lokal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliver_Brown_(aktivis_Amerika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oliver Brown (aktivis Amerika) (halaman belum tersedia)">Oliver Brown</a> di sekolah dasar yang paling dekat dengan rumah mereka. Sekolah itu malah meminta putri Brown untuk naik bus ke sekolah kulit hitam terpisah yang lebih jauh. Keluarga Brown dan dua belas keluarga kulit hitam lokal lainnya yang berada dalam situasi yang sama mengajukan gugatan <a href="/wiki/Gugatan_perwakilan_kelompok" title="Gugatan perwakilan kelompok">class action</a> di pengadilan federal AS terhadap <i>Board of Education of Topeka</i> (Dewan Pendidikan Topeka) dan berargumen bahwa kebijakan segregasi rasial ini adalah tidak konstitusional. Sebuah panel tiga hakim dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengadilan_Distrik_Amerika_Serikat_untuk_Distrik_Kansas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengadilan Distrik Amerika Serikat untuk Distrik Kansas (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengadilan Distrik AS untuk Distrik Kansas</a> memutuskan perkara ini dengan merujuk pada preseden <i>Plessy v.</i> <i>Ferguson</i>, sebuah putusan Mahkamah Agung yang menyatakan bahwa segregasi rasial itu sendiri bukanlah pelanggaran Klausul Perlindungan Setara Amandemen Keempat Belas jika fasilitas yang disediakan adalah setara. Ini kemudian dikenal sebagai doktrin hukum "<a href="/wiki/Terpisah_tetapi_setara" title="Terpisah tetapi setara">terpisah tetapi setara</a>". Keluarga Brown, yang kemudian diwakili oleh kepala penasihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=NAACP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NAACP (halaman belum tersedia)">NAACP</a> <a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a>, mengajukan banding atas keputusan tersebut langsung ke Mahkamah Agung. </p><p>Pada tanggal 17 Mei 1954, Mahkamah Agung mengeluarkan putusan bulat 9–0 untuk pihak Brown. Pengadilan memutuskan bahwa "fasilitas pendidikan yang terpisah secara inheren adalah tidak setara". Oleh karena itu, undang-undang yang memberlakukannya melanggar <a href="/wiki/Klausul_Perlindungan_Setara" title="Klausul Perlindungan Setara">Klausul Perlindungan Setara</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Amendemen_Keempat_Belas_Konstitusi_Amerika_Serikat" title="Amendemen Keempat Belas Konstitusi Amerika Serikat">Amandemen Keempat Belas</a> <a href="/wiki/Undang-Undang_Dasar_Amerika_Serikat" class="mw-redirect" title="Undang-Undang Dasar Amerika Serikat">Konstitusi AS</a>. Namun, putusan 14 halaman itu tidak menjelaskan metode yang diperlukan untuk mengakhiri segregasi rasial di sekolah, dan keputusan kedua Pengadilan di <i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Brown_II">Brown II</a></i> ( 349 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/us/349/294/case.html">294</a> (1955) ) hanya memerintahkan negara bagian untuk melakukan desegregasi secepatnya. </p><p>Di <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat_Selatan" title="Amerika Serikat Selatan">Amerika Serikat bagian Selatan</a>, khususnya "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jauh_ke_selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jauh ke selatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Deep South</a>", tempat segregasi rasial telah mengakar kuat, reaksi terhadap <i>Brown</i> di antara kebanyakan orang kulit putih adalah menolaknya dengan keras kepala.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCloskeyLevinson2010144_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCloskeyLevinson2010144-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banyak pemimpin-pemimpin politik di lembaga-lembaga pemerintahan dan kelompok politik Selatan yang membuat rencana yang dikenal sebagai "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perlawanan_besar-besaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perlawanan besar-besaran (halaman belum tersedia)">Perlawanan besar-besaran</a>", yang dibuat oleh Senator Virginia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_F._Byrd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry F. Byrd (halaman belum tersedia)">Harry F. Byrd</a>, untuk menggagalkan upaya untuk melakukan desegregasi sistem sekolah publik. Empat tahun kemudian, dalam kasus <i>Cooper v.</i> <i>Aaron</i>, Pengadilan menegaskan kembali pendiriannya dalam <i>Brown</i>, dan secara eksplisit menyatakan bahwa pejabat negara dan legislator tidak memiliki kekuasaan untuk membatalkan putusan Mahkamah Agung. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_v._Board_of_Education&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_v._Board_of_Education&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">347 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/us/347/483/case.html">483</a> (1954)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis54.htm#1954bvbe"><i>Brown v Board of Education</i> Decision</a> ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schuck-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schuck_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Schuck, P.H. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EjD7gt8kvw8C&pg=PA104"><i>Meditations of a Militant Moderate: Cool Views on Hot Topics</i></a>. G – Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. hlm. 104. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7425-3961-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7425-3961-7">978-0-7425-3961-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meditations+of+a+Militant+Moderate%3A+Cool+Views+on+Hot+Topics&rft.series=G+%E2%80%93+Reference%2C+Information+and+Interdisciplinary+Subjects+Series&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-3961-7&rft.aulast=Schuck&rft.aufirst=P.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEjD7gt8kvw8C%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+v.+Board+of+Education" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCloskeyLevinson2010144-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCloskeyLevinson2010144_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCloskeyLevinson2010">McCloskey & Levinson (2010)</a>, hlm. 144.</span> </li> </ol> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18342415">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Scale_of_justice_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon rintisan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Scale_of_justice_2.svg/29px-Scale_of_justice_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Scale_of_justice_2.svg/44px-Scale_of_justice_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Scale_of_justice_2.svg/59px-Scale_of_justice_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="204" data-file-height="208" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Artikel bertopik hukum ini adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rintisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Rintisan">rintisan</a>. 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