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<li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laotian_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laotian_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Laotian Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laotian_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration_to_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration_to_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Immigration to the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration_to_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture,_society,_and_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture,_society,_and_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Culture, society, and economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture,_society,_and_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Groups_and_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Groups_and_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Groups and languages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Groups_and_languages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Groups and languages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Groups_and_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mao_(2004)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mao_(2004)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mao (2004)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mao_(2004)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plains_Yao" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plains_Yao"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Plains Yao</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plains_Yao-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Vietnam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Distribution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>In China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_county" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_county"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>By county</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_county-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guizhou" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guizhou"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Guizhou</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guizhou-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hunan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hunan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Hunan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hunan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Written_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Written_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Written languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Written_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yao people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao" title="Yao – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Yao" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%88_(%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="ياو (قومية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ياو (قومية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A2u-cho%CC%8Dk" title="Iâu-cho̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iâu-cho̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡའོ་མི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡའོ་མི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao_(%C3%A8tnia)" title="Yao (ètnia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Yao (ètnia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaov%C3%A9" title="Jaové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jaové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao" title="Yao – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Yao" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao" title="Yao – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Yao" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao" title="Yao – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yao" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao_etnia" title="Yao etnia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Yao etnia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="مردم یائو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم یائو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao_(peuple_d%27Asie)" title="Yao (peuple d'Asie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yao (peuple d'Asie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_yao" title="Pobo yao – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo yao" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A0u-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Yàu-chhu̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yàu-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EC%98%A4%EC%A1%B1" title="야오족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="야오족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Yao" title="Orang Yao – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Yao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao_(popolo)" title="Yao (popolo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Yao (popolo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BE_(%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B)" title="Яо (халық) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Яо (халық)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jao_(Azijos_tauta)" title="Jao (Azijos tauta) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jao (Azijos tauta)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%88" title="ياو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ياو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A8u-c%C5%ADk" title="Ièu-cŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ièu-cŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BE_%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Яо үндэстэн – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Яо үндэстэн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="ယောင်လူမျိုး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယောင်လူမျိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao_(Aziatisch_volk)" title="Yao (Aziatisch volk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Yao (Aziatisch volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%82%AA%E6%97%8F" title="ヤオ族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤオ族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao_(folk)" title="Yao (folk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Yao (folk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao" title="Yao – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yao" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A4" title="یاؤ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یاؤ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mien" title="Mien – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mien" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao_(etnia)" title="Yao (etnia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Yao (etnia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BE_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Яо (народ) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Яо (народ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/yewcu_binacadan_%E7%91%A4%E6%97%8F" title="yewcu binacadan 瑤族 – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="yewcu binacadan 瑤族" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%86%D8%B2%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88" title="ھۆزی یاو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھۆزی یاو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BE_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4,_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Јао (народ, Азија) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јао (народ, Азија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao_(azijski_narod)" title="Yao (azijski narod) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Yao (azijski narod)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaot_(Aasia)" title="Yaot (Aasia) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yaot (Aasia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao_(folkslag)" title="Yao (folkslag) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Yao (folkslag)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="யாவோ மக்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யாவோ மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="เย้า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group in China and Vietnam</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Yao ethnic group in Asia. For the people of Africa, see <a href="/wiki/Yao_people_(East_Africa)" title="Yao people (East Africa)">Yao people (East Africa)</a>. For other people called Yao, see <a href="/wiki/Yao_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Yao (disambiguation)">Yao (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Mien" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mien_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mien (disambiguation)">Mien (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Yao people</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">瑶族</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%94%B0%E5%A4%B4%E5%AF%A8,_%E9%BE%99%E8%84%8A%E6%A2%AF%E7%94%B0,_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD_(5237520401).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%E7%94%B0%E5%A4%B4%E5%AF%A8%2C_%E9%BE%99%E8%84%8A%E6%A2%AF%E7%94%B0%2C_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD_%285237520401%29.jpg/220px-%E7%94%B0%E5%A4%B4%E5%AF%A8%2C_%E9%BE%99%E8%84%8A%E6%A2%AF%E7%94%B0%2C_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD_%285237520401%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%E7%94%B0%E5%A4%B4%E5%AF%A8%2C_%E9%BE%99%E8%84%8A%E6%A2%AF%E7%94%B0%2C_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD_%285237520401%29.jpg/330px-%E7%94%B0%E5%A4%B4%E5%AF%A8%2C_%E9%BE%99%E8%84%8A%E6%A2%AF%E7%94%B0%2C_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD_%285237520401%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%E7%94%B0%E5%A4%B4%E5%AF%A8%2C_%E9%BE%99%E8%84%8A%E6%A2%AF%E7%94%B0%2C_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD_%285237520401%29.jpg/440px-%E7%94%B0%E5%A4%B4%E5%AF%A8%2C_%E9%BE%99%E8%84%8A%E6%A2%AF%E7%94%B0%2C_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD_%285237520401%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A Yao woman, Tiantouzhai, Longji Terraces, China, November 2010</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">3,500,000+</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>: 2,796,003 (2010)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>: 891,151 (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-CensVn2019_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensVn2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Mienic_languages" title="Mienic languages">Mienic languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunu_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunu languages">Bunu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pa-Hng_language" title="Pa-Hng language">Pa-Hng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakkja_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakkja language">Lakkja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaozhou_Tuhua" title="Shaozhou Tuhua">Shaozhou Tuhua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badong_Yao_language" title="Badong Yao language">Badong Yao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeheni_language" title="Yeheni language">Yeheni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Predominantly <a href="/wiki/Yao_folk_religion" title="Yao folk religion">Yao folk religion</a>, minority <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Yao people</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">瑶族</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Yáo zú</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[jǎʊ tsǔ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">yau zoh</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hakka-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="hak-Latn">Yâu-tshu̍k</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">yìuh juhk</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">jiu4 zuk6</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Iâu-cho̍k</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a> <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Teochew" title="Guangdong Romanization">Peng'im</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Iêu-tsôk</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a> <a href="/wiki/Foochow_Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Foochow Romanized">BUC</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Dong Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="cdo-Latn">Ièu-cŭk</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Vietnamese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Vietnamese alphabet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">người Dao</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1n-N%C3%B4m" class="mw-redirect" title="Hán-Nôm">Hán-Nôm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">𠊛猺</span></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Yao people</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:瑶族">瑶族</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%91%A4%E6%97%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:瑤族">瑤族</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Yáozú</span></i>) or <b>Dao</b> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">người Dao</i>) is a classification for various ethnic minorities in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>. Their majority branch is also known as <b>Mien</b>. They are one of the 56 officially recognized <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in China">ethnic groups in China</a> and reside in the mountainous southwest and south of the country. They also form one of the 54 <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="List of ethnic groups in Vietnam">ethnic groups</a> officially recognized by Vietnam. They numbered 2,796,003 in the 2010 Chinese census and 891,151 in the 2019 Vietnamese census. An estimated 60,000 Yao of the <a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Iu Mien People">Iu Mien</a> branch reside in the United States, mostly in the Western coastal states.<sup id="cite_ref-CensVn2019_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensVn2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Litaogeneral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Litaogeneral.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="238" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="238" /></a><figcaption>Li Tao, a general of Yao ethnicity in the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The origins of the Yao can be traced back two millennia to <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> around the <a href="/wiki/Dongting_Lake" title="Dongting Lake">Dongting Lake</a> region. According to a Yao tale, the Chinese Emperor Gao Xin was saved from an enemy chieftain by his faithful dog, Pan Hu. As a reward, Pan Hu was turned into a man and given the emperor's daughter in marriage. The descendants of the two became the Yao people. This tale was used as a basis for their connection to the Mo Yao, a group of highlanders who were exempt from forced labour during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618-907).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest2009903_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2009903-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 200 BCE and 900 CE, the Yao migrated into mountainous areas to the south of the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-knowledge2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knowledge2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Yao were conquered by the Han Chinese between the 900s and 1200s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMinahan2016463_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinahan2016463-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However they were covered under a loose reign system known as the <a href="/wiki/Jimi_system" title="Jimi system">Jimi system</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tusi" title="Tusi">Tusi</a>. The local chieftains collected tribute and taxes from their own people and paid taxes to the emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest2009903_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2009903-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> dynasties, rule over the Yao was tightened. Ming and Qing authorities sent in their own bureaucrats to directly collect taxes, supplanting the role of the Yao chieftains.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest2009904_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2009904-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Yao and <a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao people</a> were among the rebels during the <a href="/wiki/Miao_rebellions_under_the_Ming_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Miao rebellions under the Ming dynasty">Miao Rebellions</a> against the Ming dynasty during the 1370s and 1449. Conflict drove the Yao further south into the highlands between Hunan and <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a> to the north and <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a> to the south, and stretching into Eastern <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>. Some left for Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMinahan2016463_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinahan2016463-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wiens1967_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiens1967-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 1890, the <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> government started taking action against Yao in Northwestern Guangdong.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>'s Communist Party won the civil war in the late 1940s, the Yao benefited greatly from the ideology of equality and were able to access education, becoming part of the regional and national elite. They were often recruited as specialists to assist with the ethnic identification program within the framework of a large unified China.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest2009904_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2009904-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laotian_Civil_War">Laotian Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Laotian Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a>, the Yao tribes of Laos had a good relationship with U.S. forces and were dubbed to be an "efficient friendly force". They fought in favour of the (South Vietnamese) government against the communists.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This relationship caused the new communist Laotian government to target Yao tribal groups once the war was over. This triggered further immigration into <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, where the tribes would be put into camps along the Thailand-Laos border. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration_to_the_United_States">Immigration to the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Immigration to the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After obtaining <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugee</a> status from the Thai government, and with the help of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, many Yao people were able to obtain sponsorship into the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (although many remain in Thailand). Most of the Yao who have immigrated to the United States have settled along the Western part of the US, mainly in central and northern <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> such as Visalia, <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oroville,_California" title="Oroville, California">Oroville</a>, Redding, Richmond, <a href="/wiki/Sacramento" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento">Sacramento</a>, but also in parts of <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> like <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>, Salem, and <a href="/wiki/Beaverton,_Oregon" title="Beaverton, Oregon">Beaverton</a> as well as the state of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> and Renton. See <a href="/wiki/Mien_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mien American">Mien American</a> for those identified as Mien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture,_society,_and_economy"><span id="Culture.2C_society.2C_and_economy"></span>Culture, society, and economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Culture, society, and economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yao002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Yao002.jpg/170px-Yao002.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Yao002.jpg/255px-Yao002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Yao002.jpg/340px-Yao002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A Yao child with traditional dress in Guangxi</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Femme_Zao_Sa_Pa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Femme_Zao_Sa_Pa.JPG/170px-Femme_Zao_Sa_Pa.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Femme_Zao_Sa_Pa.JPG/255px-Femme_Zao_Sa_Pa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Femme_Zao_Sa_Pa.JPG/340px-Femme_Zao_Sa_Pa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2380" data-file-height="3307" /></a><figcaption>A red Yao woman in Vietnam</figcaption></figure> <p>Yao society is traditionally <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">patrilineal</a>, with sons inheriting from their fathers. The Yao follow <a href="/wiki/Patrilocal_residence" title="Patrilocal residence">patrilocal residence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tao1998_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tao1998-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polygyny was allowed until it was banned in China in the 1950s. Adoption was common among the wealthy <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest2009905_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2009905-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Yao people have been farmers for over a thousand years, mostly rice cultivation through plowing, although a few practice <a href="/wiki/Slash-and-burn" title="Slash-and-burn">slash-and-burn</a> agriculture. Where the Yao live nearby forested regions, they also engage in hunting.<sup id="cite_ref-Tao1998_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tao1998-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty#Southern_Song,_1127–1279" title="Song dynasty">Southern Song (1127–1279)</a>, an imperial Chinese observer, Zhou Qufei, described the Yao as wearing distinctive fine blue clothing produced using <a href="/wiki/Indigo" title="Indigo">indigo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Yao celebrate their <i>Pan Wang</i> (King Pan) festival annually on the sixteenth day of the tenth <a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar month</a>. The festival celebrates the mythical original story of the Yao people, and has evolved "into a happy holiday for the Yao to <a href="/wiki/Harvest_festival" title="Harvest festival">celebrate a good harvest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">worship their ancestors</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yao_folk_religion" title="Yao folk religion">Yao folk religion</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Initiation_of_the_Red_Yao_from_Yen_Bai_province_-_Vietnam_Museum_of_Ethnology_-_Hanoi,_Vietnam_-_DSC03024.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Initiation_of_the_Red_Yao_from_Yen_Bai_province_-_Vietnam_Museum_of_Ethnology_-_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam_-_DSC03024.JPG/220px-Initiation_of_the_Red_Yao_from_Yen_Bai_province_-_Vietnam_Museum_of_Ethnology_-_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam_-_DSC03024.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Initiation_of_the_Red_Yao_from_Yen_Bai_province_-_Vietnam_Museum_of_Ethnology_-_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam_-_DSC03024.JPG/330px-Initiation_of_the_Red_Yao_from_Yen_Bai_province_-_Vietnam_Museum_of_Ethnology_-_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam_-_DSC03024.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Initiation_of_the_Red_Yao_from_Yen_Bai_province_-_Vietnam_Museum_of_Ethnology_-_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam_-_DSC03024.JPG/440px-Initiation_of_the_Red_Yao_from_Yen_Bai_province_-_Vietnam_Museum_of_Ethnology_-_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam_-_DSC03024.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Simulate a ritual of the Red Yao people in <a href="/wiki/Y%C3%AAn_B%C3%A1i_province" title="Yên Bái province">Yên Bái province</a> -<a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Museum_of_Ethnology" title="Vietnam Museum of Ethnology">Vietnam Museum of Ethnology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The description of Yao religion is similar to the definition of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> as described by Arthur Wolf and Steve Sangren.<sup id="cite_ref-Litzinger2000_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Litzinger2000-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the Han, the Yao engage in patrilineal ancestor worship, celebrate lunar new year, and recognize a set a 18 gods and goddesses, mostly of Han Chinese origin. The Yao had shaman priests as part of their community who engaged in activity such as exorcism, spiritual communication, and divination using chicken bones or bamboo sticks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest2009905_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2009905-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> has historically been important to the Yao.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jinag Yingliang, in a 1948 study, argued that Yao religion was characterized by (1) a process of Han Chinese-influenced Daoisation (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">道教化</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Dàojiào huà</span></i>); (2) the endurance of pre-Daoist <a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">folk religion</a>; and (3) some <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Buddhist beliefs</a>. </p><p>Scholar Zhang Youjun takes issue with claims of "strong Buddhist influence" on the Yao, arguing that "although Yao ritual texts contain Buddhist expression, the Yao do not believe in Buddhism at all. They are resolutely Taoist."<sup id="cite_ref-Litzinger2000_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Litzinger2000-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Groups_and_languages">Groups and languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Groups and languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yao_stilt_house.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Yao_stilt_house.png/220px-Yao_stilt_house.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Yao_stilt_house.png/330px-Yao_stilt_house.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Yao_stilt_house.png/440px-Yao_stilt_house.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="603" /></a><figcaption>A Yao stilt house in Vietnam</figcaption></figure> <p>There are several distinct groups within the Yao nationality, and they speak several different languages, The <a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_people" title="Iu Mien people">Iu Mien</a> comprise 70% of the Yao population.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong–Mien languages</a> <ul><li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Yao_Chief.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Red_Yao_Chief.jpeg/220px-Red_Yao_Chief.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Red_Yao_Chief.jpeg/330px-Red_Yao_Chief.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Red_Yao_Chief.jpeg/440px-Red_Yao_Chief.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Red Yao Village Chief</figcaption></figure>The Mien speak <a href="/wiki/Mienic_languages" title="Mienic languages">Mienic languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">勉语</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">勉語</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Miǎnyǔ</span></i>), including: <ul><li>Mian–Jin languages <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_language" title="Iu Mien language">Iu Mien</a>, 2,172,000 speakers (1,699,750 in China, 350,000 in Vietnam, 40,000 in Thailand, 20,250 in Laos, 60,000 in the United States, 2,000 in France) <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Mun_language" title="Kim Mun language">Kim Mun</a> (also known as Lanten), more than 300,000 Yao people <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biao_Mon_language" title="Biao Mon language">Biao Mon</a>, 20,000 speakers <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzao_Min_language" title="Dzao Min language">Dzao Min</a>, 60,000 speakers <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biao_Min_language" title="Biao Min language">Biao Min</a>, 43,000 speakers<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmongic_languages" title="Hmongic languages">Hmongic languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunu_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunu languages">Bunu languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa-Hng_language" title="Pa-Hng language">Pa-Hng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younuo_language" title="Younuo language">Younuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiong_Nai_language" title="Kiong Nai language">Kiong Nai</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakkja_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakkja language">Lakkja language</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Tai%E2%80%93Kadai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai–Kadai languages">Tai–Kadai language</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> <ul><li>about 500,000 Yao speak Chinese dialects</li></ul></li></ul> <p>In addition to China, Yao also live in northern <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> (where they are called <i>Dao</i>), northern <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>. There are around 60,000 Yao in northern <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, where they are one of the six main <a href="/wiki/Hill_tribe_(Thailand)" title="Hill tribe (Thailand)">hill tribes</a>. The lowland-living Lanten of Laos, who speak <a href="/wiki/Kim_Mun_language" title="Kim Mun language">Kim Mun</a>, and the highland-living Iu Mien of Laos are two different Yao groups. There are also many <a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_Americans" title="Iu Mien Americans">Iu Mien Americans</a>, mainly refugees from the highlands of <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>. The Iu Mien do not call themselves "Yao". Not all "Yao" are Iu Mien. A group of 61,000 people on <a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a> speak the Yao language Kim Mun; 139,000 speakers of Kim Mun live in other parts of China (<a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>), and 174,500 live in Laos and Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bunu people call themselves <i>Nuox</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[no13]</a></span>, <i>Buod nuox</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[po43<span class="wrap"> </span>no13]</span>, <i>Dungb nuox</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tuŋ33no13]</span>, or their official name <i>Yaof zuf</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʑau21su21]</span>. Only 258,000 of the 439,000 people categorised as Bunu in the 1982 census <a href="/wiki/Bu%E2%80%93Nao_languages" title="Bu–Nao languages">speak Bunu</a>; 100,000 speak the Tai–Kadai <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_languages" title="Zhuang languages">Zhuang languages</a>, and 181,000 speak Chinese and the Tai–Kadai <a href="/wiki/Bouyei_language" title="Bouyei language">Bouyei language</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mao_(2004)"><span id="Mao_.282004.29"></span>Mao (2004)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mao (2004)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mao Zongwu (2004:7-8)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gives a detailed list of various Yao <a href="/wiki/Exonym_and_endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym and endonym">endonyms</a> (i.e., self-designated names) and the Chinese names of various groups and clans associated with them. Endonyms are written in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> with <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)#Asia" title="Tone (linguistics)">numerical Chao tones</a>. </p> <ul><li>Autonym <b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">mjen31</span></i> 勉</b> or <b><i><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_language" title="Iu Mien language"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ju31<span class="wrap"> </span>mjen31</span></a></i> 优勉</b>: Pangu Yao 盘古瑶, Pan Yao 盘瑶, Panhu Yao 盘瓠瑶, Trans-Mountain / Guoshan Yao 过山瑶, Large-Board / Daban Yao 大板瑶, Small-Board / Xiaoban Yao 小板瑶, Board / Ban Yao 板瑶, Top-Board / Dingban Yao 顶板瑶, Sharp-Headed / Jiantou Yao 尖头瑶, Level-Headed / Pingtou Yao 平头瑶, Red-Head / Hongtou Yao 红头瑶, Arrow-Pole / Jian'gan Yao 箭杆瑶, Cattle-Horn Yao / Niujiao 牛角瑶, Tu Yao 土瑶 (in <a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a>, Guangxi), Native / Bendi Yao 本地瑶, Flowery / Hua Yao 花瑶 (in <a href="/wiki/Yangshuo_County" title="Yangshuo County">Yangshuo County</a>, Guangxi), Ao Yao 坳瑶, Zheng Yao 正瑶, Liang Yao 粮瑶</li> <li>Autonym <b><i><a href="/wiki/Kim_Mun_language" title="Kim Mun language"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kim33<span class="wrap"> </span>mun33</span></a></i> 金门</b> or <b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kem53<span class="wrap"> </span>di35<span class="wrap"> </span>mun21</span></i> 甘迪门</b>: Blue-Indigo / Landian Yao 蓝靛瑶, Shanzi Yao 山子瑶, Flowery-Headed / Huatou Yao 花头瑶, Sand / Sha Yao 沙瑶, Level-Headed / Pingtou Yao 平头瑶, Bazi Yao 坝子瑶</li> <li>Autonym <b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">bjau31<span class="wrap"> </span>mɔn31</span></i> 标曼</b> or <b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɕi31<span class="wrap"> </span>mun31</span></i> 史门</b>: Min Yao 民瑶, "Four Great" Min Yao 四大民瑶</li> <li>Autonym <b><i><a href="/wiki/Biao_Min_language" title="Biao Min language"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">bjau31<span class="wrap"> </span>min31</span></a></i> 标敏</b> or <b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tɕau44<span class="wrap"> </span>koŋ55<span class="wrap"> </span>meŋ55</span></i> 交公勉</b>: East Mountain / Dongshan Yao 东山瑶 (in <a href="/wiki/Quanzhou_County" title="Quanzhou County">Quanzhou County</a>, Guangxi), Dog-Headed / Goutou Yao 狗头瑶</li> <li>Autonym <b><i><a href="/wiki/Dzao_Min_language" title="Dzao Min language"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dzau53<span class="wrap"> </span>min53</span></a></i> 藻勉</b>: Bapai Yao 八排瑶</li> <li>Autonym <b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ju21<span class="wrap"> </span>ŋjɛn25</span></i> 优念</b>, <b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pjoŋ31<span class="wrap"> </span>toa53<span class="wrap"> </span>jeu31</span></i> 炳多优</b>, or <b><i><a href="/wiki/San_Chay_people" title="San Chay people"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʂan33<span class="wrap"> </span>tɕai33</span></a></i> 珊介</b>: Red Yao 红瑶 (in <a href="/wiki/Longsheng_Various_Nationalities_Autonomous_County" title="Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County">Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County</a>, Guangxi), Plains / Pingdi Yao 平地瑶</li> <li>Autonym <b><i><a href="/wiki/Bu-Nao_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bu-Nao language"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pu53<span class="wrap"> </span>nu25</span></a></i> 布努</b>: Beilou Yao 背篓瑶, Beilong Yao 背陇瑶, West Mountain / Xishan Yao 西山瑶, East Mountain Yao / Dongshan 东山瑶 (in <a href="/wiki/Bama_Yao_Autonomous_County" title="Bama Yao Autonomous County">Bama Yao Autonomous County</a>, Guangxi), Tudi Yao 土地瑶, Tu Yao 土瑶 (in <a href="/wiki/Pingguo_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingguo County">Pingguo County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mashan_County" title="Mashan County">Mashan County</a>, Guangxi), Mountain / Shan Yao 山瑶, Man Yao 蛮瑶, East Valley / Dongnong Yao 东弄瑶, West Valley / Xinong Yao 西弄瑶, Fan Yao 反瑶, Anding Yao 安定瑶, White Yao 白瑶, Black Yao 黑瑶, Black-Trouser / Heiku Yao 黑裤瑶, Long-Shirt / Changshan Yao 长衫瑶</li> <li>Autonym <b><i><a href="/wiki/Bu-Nao_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bu-Nao language"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">nau35<span class="wrap"> </span>klau42</span></a></i> 瑙格劳</b> or <b><i><a href="/wiki/Bu-Nao_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bu-Nao language"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pou22<span class="wrap"> </span>nou12</span></a></i> 包诺</b>: Siting Yao 四亭瑶, Situan Yao 四团瑶</li> <li>Autonym <b><i><a href="/wiki/Kiong_Nai_language" title="Kiong Nai language"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kjɔŋ33<span class="wrap"> </span>nai33</span></a></i> 炯奈</b>: Hualan Yao 花蓝瑶</li> <li>Autonym <b><i><a href="/wiki/Pa-Hng_language" title="Pa-Hng language"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pa31<span class="wrap"> </span>ŋ̊ŋ35</span></a></i> 巴哼</b>: Dog Yao 狗瑶, Eight-Surname / Baxing Yao 八姓瑶, Red Yao 红瑶 (in <a href="/wiki/Liping_County" title="Liping County">Liping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Congjiang_County" title="Congjiang County">Congjiang</a> Counties of Guizhou; <a href="/wiki/Rongshui_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Rongshui Miao Autonomous County">Rongshui Miao Autonomous County</a> and Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County of Guangxi), Wood Yao 木瑶</li> <li>Autonym <b><i><a href="/wiki/Hm_Nai_language" title="Hm Nai language"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">m̥n33<span class="wrap"> </span>nai33</span></a></i> 唔奈</b>: Flowery Yao 花瑶 (in <a href="/wiki/Longhui_County" title="Longhui County">Longhui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dongkou_County" title="Dongkou County">Dongkou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chenxi_County" title="Chenxi County">Chenxi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xupu_County" title="Xupu County">Xupu County</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tongdao_Dong_Autonomous_County" title="Tongdao Dong Autonomous County">Tongdao Dong Autonomous County</a> of Hunan)</li> <li>Autonym <b><i><a href="/wiki/Younuo_language" title="Younuo language"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʑou13<span class="wrap"> </span>nɔ13</span></a></i> 优诺</b>: Red Yao 红瑶</li> <li>Autonym <b><i><a href="/wiki/Lakkja_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakkja language"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">lak25<span class="wrap"> </span>kja25</span></a></i> 拉珈</b>: Tea Mountain / Chashan Yao 茶山瑶</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plains_Yao">Plains Yao</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Plains Yao"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Groups considered to be "Plains Yao" (Pingdi Yao 平地瑶) include:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>Autonym <b>Bingduoyou 炳多尤</b> (Pingdi Yao 平地瑶, Dainaijiang 代奈江): in <a href="/wiki/Jianghua_Yao_Autonomous_County" title="Jianghua Yao Autonomous County">Jianghua Yao Autonomous County</a> 江华 of Hunan; Gongcheng 恭城, Fuchuan 富川, Zhongshan 钟山, and Lingui 临桂 counties of Guangxi</li> <li>Autonym <b><a href="/wiki/Yeheni_language" title="Yeheni language">Yeheni</a> 爷贺尼</b> (Pingdi Yao 平地瑶): in <a href="/wiki/Jianghua_Yao_Autonomous_County" title="Jianghua Yao Autonomous County">Jianghua Yao Autonomous County</a> 江华, Hunan (<i>Jianghua County Gazetteer</i>). The Yeheni speak a divergent Chinese dialect. It is spoken in Taoxu Town 涛圩镇 and Helukou Town 河路口镇 in Jianghua County, Hunan.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Autonym <b>Younian 优念</b> (Pinghua-speaking Red Yao 平话红瑶; <i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʑou13<span class="wrap"> </span>ȵen13</span></i>): in <a href="/wiki/Longsheng_Various_Nationalities_Autonomous_County" title="Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County">Longsheng</a> 龙胜 and <a href="/wiki/Guanyang_County" title="Guanyang County">Guanyang</a> 灌阳 counties of Guangxi. According to Chen Qiguang (2013:30),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʑəu21<span class="wrap"> </span>ȵien21</span></i> number about 10,000 speakers in Sishui 泗水, Madi 马堤, Mengshan 孟山, Jiangliu 江柳, and other locations of <a href="/wiki/Longsheng_Various_Nationalities_Autonomous_County" title="Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County">Longsheng County</a>.</li> <li>Autonym <b><a href="/wiki/San_Diu_people" title="San Diu people">Shanjie</a> 珊介</b> (Shanzi Yao 山仔瑶): in <a href="/wiki/Fangcheng_District" title="Fangcheng District">Fangcheng</a> 防城, Guangxi</li> <li>Autonym <b>Youjia 优嘉</b> (Yaojia 瑶家): in <a href="/wiki/Guanyang_County" title="Guanyang County">Guanyang County</a> 灌阳, Guangxi</li> <li><b>Jingdong Yao 景东县瑶族</b> (autonym: Lewu people 乐舞人): <a href="/wiki/Jingdong_Yi_Autonomous_County" title="Jingdong Yi Autonomous County">Jingdong County</a> 景东彝族自治县, Yunnan. According to the <i>Jingdong County Gazetteer</i> (1994:519), ethnic Yao numbered 3,889 individuals in 1990, and lived mainly in Chaqing 岔箐<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Dasongshu 大松树<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Taizhong 太忠乡.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnam">Vietnam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Vietnam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tim Doling (2010:82-83) lists the following Yao (spelled <i>Dao</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Vietnamese alphabet</a>) subgroups in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Vietnam" title="Northern Vietnam">northern Vietnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Doling_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doling-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Mienic groups <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien" class="mw-redirect" title="Iu Mien">Iu Mien</a></b>: Black Dao of Dien Bien and Lai Chau; Red Dao of southern Lao Cai, Yen Bai, and Son La</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Mien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim Mien (page does not exist)">Kim Mien</a></b>: Dao Tà Pán 大板瑶 (Dao Đại Bản, Dao Coóc Ngáng,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dao Sừng<sup id="cite_ref-Nguyen2013_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nguyen2013-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) of Ha Giang, Cao Bang, and Yen Bai; Red Dao of northern and eastern Lao Cai; Hongtou Red Dao 红头瑶 in northern Lai Chau</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiem_Mien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiem Mien (page does not exist)">Kiem Mien</a></b>: Red Dao of Sa Pa</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kam_Mien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kam Mien (page does not exist)">Kam Mien</a></b>: Coin Dao of Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen, and Bac Can</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kem_Mien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kem Mien (page does not exist)">Kem Mien</a></b>: Coin Dao of Hoa Binh and Son La</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qu%E1%BA%A7n_Ch%E1%BA%B9t_Mien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quần Chẹt Mien (page does not exist)">Quần Chẹt Mien</a></b>: Hoa Binh, Son La, Tuyen Quang, Bac Can (also called the Dao Nga Hoàng, Dao Sơn Đầu<sup id="cite_ref-Nguyen2013_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nguyen2013-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B4_Gang_Mien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lô Gang Mien (page does not exist)">Lô Gang Mien</a></b>: Dao Lô Gang and Dao Đầu Trọc of Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Lang Son, and Mong Cai</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Mun_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim Mun people (page does not exist)">Kim Mun</a></i> groups <ul><li><b>Kim Mun</b>: Dao Làn Tiển 蓝靛瑶 (including the Dao Tuyển, Dao Áo Dài, and Dao Đầu Bằng)</li> <li><b>Kim Meun</b>: Dao Quần Trắng 白裤瑶 and Dao Thanh Y 青衣瑶</li></ul></li></ul> <p>According to Doling (2010), only Kim Mun, Kim Mien, and Lô Gang may be found outside Vietnam. </p><p>Nguyen (2004:14-15, 128) lists Đại Bản, Tiểu Bản, Khố Bạch, and Làn Tiẻn as the 4 primary subdivisions of ethnic Yao in Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_B%E1%BA%A3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đại Bản (page does not exist)">Đại Bản</a></b> <ul><li><b>Dao Đỏ</b> (<i>Hùng Thầu Dào, Dao Coóc Ngáng, Dao Quý Lâm</i>): located in Yen Bai, Lao Cai, Lai Chau, Tuyen Quang, Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Bac Kan, Thai Nguyen</li> <li><b>Dao Quần Chẹt</b> (<i>Dao Sơn Đầu, Dao Tam Đảo, Dao Nga Hoàng</i>): located in Hoa Binh, Ha Tay, Phu Tho, Vinh Yen, Son La, Yen Bai</li> <li><b>Dao Thanh Phán</b> (<i>Dao Coóc Mùn, Dao Đội Ván, Dao Lô Gang, Dao Dụ Kiùn, Dao Thêu</i>): located in Tuyen Quang, Bac Kan, Thai Nguyen, Lang Son, Quang Ninh, Bac Giang</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ti%E1%BB%83u_B%E1%BA%A3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiểu Bản (page does not exist)">Tiểu Bản</a></b> <ul><li><b>Dao Tiền</b> (<i>Dao Đeo Tiền</i>): located in Hoa Binh, Phu Tho, Son La, Tuyen Quang, Cao Bang, Bac Kan</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kh%E1%BB%91_B%E1%BA%A1ch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khố Bạch (page does not exist)">Khố Bạch</a></b> <ul><li><b>Dao Quần Trắng</b>: located in Yen Bai, Lao Cai, Tuyen Quang, Ha Giang (known as <i>Dao Họ</i> in Yen Bai, Lao Cai)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A0n_Ti%E1%BA%BBn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Làn Tiẻn (page does not exist)">Làn Tiẻn</a></b> <ul><li><b>Dao Thanh Y</b>: located in Tuyen Quang, Bac Giang, Quang Ninh</li> <li><b>Dao Áo Dài</b> (<i>Dao Tuyển, Dao Chàm, Dao Slán Chỉ</i>): located in Yen Bai, Lao Cai, Tuyen Quang, Ha Giang, Bac Kan</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yao peoples are distributed primarily in the provinces <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> of China. Ethnic Yao are also found in Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_China">In China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yao_distribution_China.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Yao_distribution_China.png/500px-Yao_distribution_China.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Yao_distribution_China.png/750px-Yao_distribution_China.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Yao_distribution_China.png/1000px-Yao_distribution_China.png 2x" data-file-width="2328" data-file-height="1344" /></a><figcaption>Distribution of ethnic Yao population in China, based on 2000 Chinese Census.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yao_autonomous_prefectures_and_counties_in_China.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Yao_autonomous_prefectures_and_counties_in_China.png/500px-Yao_autonomous_prefectures_and_counties_in_China.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="408" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Yao_autonomous_prefectures_and_counties_in_China.png/750px-Yao_autonomous_prefectures_and_counties_in_China.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Yao_autonomous_prefectures_and_counties_in_China.png/1000px-Yao_autonomous_prefectures_and_counties_in_China.png 2x" data-file-width="2677" data-file-height="2183" /></a><figcaption>Yao autonomous prefectures and counties in China.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_county">By county</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: By county"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>County-level distribution of the Yao, 2000 Chinese Census</dt></dl> <p>(Only counties or county equivalents with more than 0.1% of county population are shown.) </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>County/City </th> <th>Yao % </th> <th>Yao </th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Hunan Province</b></td> <td>1.11</td> <td>704,564</td> <td>63,274,173 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dongkou County</td> <td>1.55</td> <td>11,639</td> <td>752,581 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xinning County</td> <td>2.59</td> <td>14,438</td> <td>557,120 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Chenzhou City</i></td> <td>1.63</td> <td>70,513</td> <td>4,324,812 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beihu District</td> <td>1.25</td> <td>3,921</td> <td>314,477 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rucheng County</td> <td>15.45</td> <td>52,955</td> <td>342,861 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Zixing City</i></td> <td>1.22</td> <td>4,284</td> <td>351,581 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Yongzhou City</i></td> <td>9.57</td> <td>513,831</td> <td>5,367,106 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shuangpai County</td> <td>4.90</td> <td>7,916</td> <td>161,510 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dao County</td> <td>5.92</td> <td>36,938</td> <td>624,199 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jiangyong County</td> <td>62.39</td> <td>147,164</td> <td>235,893 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ningyuan County</td> <td>2.16</td> <td>15,943</td> <td>738,259 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lanshan County</td> <td>5.29</td> <td>17,608</td> <td>332,937 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xintian County</td> <td>1.82</td> <td>6,541</td> <td>358,831 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jianghua Yao Autonomous County</td> <td>61.87</td> <td>270,889</td> <td>437,835 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Huaihua City</i></td> <td>1.55</td> <td>71,952</td> <td>4,639,738 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhongfang County</td> <td>1.33</td> <td>3,147</td> <td>236,675 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chenxi County</td> <td>6.77</td> <td>32,405</td> <td>478,708 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xupu County</td> <td>3.18</td> <td>25,398</td> <td>798,983 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hongjiang City</i></td> <td>1.47</td> <td>7,137</td> <td>485,061 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Guangdong Province</b></td> <td>0.24</td> <td>202,667</td> <td>85,225,007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Shaoguan City</i></td> <td>1.13</td> <td>31,042</td> <td>2,735,433 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shixing County</td> <td>2.00</td> <td>4,115</td> <td>205,684 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County</td> <td>10.75</td> <td>19,121</td> <td>177,894 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Longmen County</td> <td>2.51</td> <td>6,726</td> <td>267,949 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Qingyuan City</i></td> <td>3.05</td> <td>96,043</td> <td>3,146,713 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County</td> <td>14.33</td> <td>14,195</td> <td>99,070 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liannan Yao Autonomous County</td> <td>52.29</td> <td>69,968</td> <td>133,814 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Lianzhou City</i></td> <td>1.31</td> <td>5,366</td> <td>409,360 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region</b></td> <td>3.36</td> <td>1,471,946</td> <td>43,854,538 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xincheng District</td> <td>1.30</td> <td>5,560</td> <td>426,346 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chengbei District</td> <td>1.50</td> <td>5,901</td> <td>392,726 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shijiao District</td> <td>1.15</td> <td>2,949</td> <td>256,730 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Guilin City</i></td> <td>8.15</td> <td>375,902</td> <td>4,614,670 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xiufeng District</td> <td>1.63</td> <td>2,050</td> <td>125,924 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Diecai District</td> <td>1.72</td> <td>2,312</td> <td>134,401 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xiangshan District</td> <td>1.42</td> <td>3,527</td> <td>249,135 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qixing District</td> <td>1.76</td> <td>4,003</td> <td>227,278 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lingui County</td> <td>3.53</td> <td>14,957</td> <td>424,182 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lingchuan County</td> <td>3.20</td> <td>10,169</td> <td>318,036 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Quanzhou County</td> <td>4.29</td> <td>27,984</td> <td>652,963 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xing'an County</td> <td>2.35</td> <td>8,317</td> <td>353,920 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yongfu County</td> <td>3.48</td> <td>8,202</td> <td>235,368 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guanyang County</td> <td>7.77</td> <td>17,971</td> <td>231,288 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County</td> <td>17.56</td> <td>28,237</td> <td>160,796 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ziyuan County</td> <td>3.19</td> <td>5,014</td> <td>156,946 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pingle County</td> <td>14.08</td> <td>55,553</td> <td>394,575 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lipu County</td> <td>7.48</td> <td>25,893</td> <td>346,169 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County</td> <td>58.60</td> <td>158,937</td> <td>271,216 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Wuzhou City</i></td> <td>1.15</td> <td>32,021</td> <td>2,796,087 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mengshan County</td> <td>12.02</td> <td>22,587</td> <td>187,918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Fangchenggang City</i></td> <td>4.63</td> <td>34,074</td> <td>735,952 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gangkou District</td> <td>1.37</td> <td>1,462</td> <td>106,403 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fangcheng District</td> <td>6.59</td> <td>20,840</td> <td>316,111 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shangsi County</td> <td>4.22</td> <td>8,666</td> <td>205,307 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dongxing City</td> <td>2.87</td> <td>3,106</td> <td>108,131 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Guigang City</i></td> <td>1.86</td> <td>71,063</td> <td>3,827,945 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pingnan County</td> <td>6.29</td> <td>66,391</td> <td>1,055,782 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Nanning City</i></td> <td>1.43</td> <td>68,975</td> <td>4,839,536 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shanglin County</td> <td>6.50</td> <td>24,697</td> <td>379,986 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mashan County</td> <td>8.48</td> <td>33,873</td> <td>399,439 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Liuzhou City</i></td> <td>3.57</td> <td>125,839</td> <td>3,522,322 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Heshan City</i></td> <td>1.87</td> <td>2,452</td> <td>131,249 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luzhai County</td> <td>2.01</td> <td>8,424</td> <td>418,665 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Laibin County</td> <td>1.25</td> <td>10,475</td> <td>839,790 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rong'an County</td> <td>1.88</td> <td>5,313</td> <td>283,029 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County</td> <td>3.88</td> <td>11,798</td> <td>304,149 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rongshui Miao Autonomous County</td> <td>6.48</td> <td>27,560</td> <td>425,608 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County</td> <td>37.45</td> <td>50,532</td> <td>134,934 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xincheng County</td> <td>2.05</td> <td>7,051</td> <td>343,556 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hezhou Prefecture</i></td> <td>12.49</td> <td>241,822</td> <td>1,936,849 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hezhou City</td> <td>4.84</td> <td>41,130</td> <td>850,023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhaoping County</td> <td>4.46</td> <td>15,746</td> <td>353,298 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhongshan County</td> <td>8.75</td> <td>40241</td> <td>460021 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County</td> <td>52.91</td> <td>144,705</td> <td>273,507 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Baise Prefecture</i></td> <td>3.82</td> <td>127,351</td> <td>3,332,096 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baise City</td> <td>3.29</td> <td>11,211</td> <td>340,483 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tiandong County</td> <td>4.63</td> <td>16,674</td> <td>360,123 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pingguo County</td> <td>4.16</td> <td>16,344</td> <td>392,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Debao County</td> <td>1.84</td> <td>5,085</td> <td>276,335 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Napo County</td> <td>2.74</td> <td>4,661</td> <td>170,158 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lingyun County</td> <td>21.05</td> <td>36,954</td> <td>175,573 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leye County</td> <td>1.97</td> <td>2,857</td> <td>144,816 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tianlin County</td> <td>11.64</td> <td>27,559</td> <td>236,799 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xilin County</td> <td>3.54</td> <td>4,934</td> <td>139,282 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hechi Prefecture</i></td> <td>9.93</td> <td>349,819</td> <td>3,523,693 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hechi City</i></td> <td>2.31</td> <td>7,355</td> <td>318,348 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yizhou City</td> <td>5.54</td> <td>30,436</td> <td>549,434 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County</td> <td>1.21</td> <td>3,903</td> <td>322,116 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County</td> <td>5.36</td> <td>17,807</td> <td>332,067 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nandan County</td> <td>9.18</td> <td>29,284</td> <td>318,844 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tian'e County</td> <td>2.44</td> <td>3,461</td> <td>141,649 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fengshan County</td> <td>7.71</td> <td>12,714</td> <td>164,807 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Donglan County</td> <td>4.29</td> <td>10,581</td> <td>246,715 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bama Yao Autonomous County</td> <td>17.24</td> <td>37,706</td> <td>218,724 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Du'an Yao Autonomous County</td> <td>21.66</td> <td>117,609</td> <td>543,019 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dahua Yao Autonomous County</td> <td>21.46</td> <td>78,963</td> <td>367,970 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Guizhou Province</b></td> <td>0.13</td> <td>44,392</td> <td>35,247,695 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liping County</td> <td>1.10</td> <td>5,046</td> <td>458,533 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rongjiang County</td> <td>1.70</td> <td>5,101</td> <td>300,369 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Congjiang County</td> <td>2.04</td> <td>6,158</td> <td>301,513 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Majiang County</td> <td>3.35</td> <td>6,807</td> <td>203,481 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Libo County</td> <td>3.45</td> <td>5,915</td> <td>171,366 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Yunnan Province</b></td> <td>0.45</td> <td>190,610</td> <td>42,360,089 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture</i></td> <td>1.86</td> <td>76,947</td> <td>4,130,463 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yuanyang County</td> <td>2.18</td> <td>7,922</td> <td>362,950 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County</td> <td>12.00</td> <td>37,937</td> <td>316,171 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lüchun County</td> <td>3.46</td> <td>6,968</td> <td>201,256 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hekou Yao Autonomous County</td> <td>22.10</td> <td>21,097</td> <td>95,451 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture</i></td> <td>2.50</td> <td>81,774</td> <td>3,268,553 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Malipo County</td> <td>7.06</td> <td>18,926</td> <td>267,986 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guangnan County</td> <td>2.16</td> <td>15,781</td> <td>730,376 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Funing County</td> <td>10.35</td> <td>39,646</td> <td>382,913 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jingdong Yi Autonomous County</td> <td>1.15</td> <td>4,063</td> <td>352,089 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County</td> <td>3.94</td> <td>3,946</td> <td>100,243 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture</i></td> <td>1.88</td> <td>18,679</td> <td>993,397 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mengla County</td> <td>6.77</td> <td>15,944</td> <td>235,657 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Guizhou">Guizhou</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Guizhou"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Yao of <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a> are found in the following locations (<i>Guizhou Province Gazetteer</i> 贵州志 2002).<sup id="cite_ref-Guizhou_Province_Gazetteer_2002_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guizhou_Province_Gazetteer_2002-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libo_County" title="Libo County">Libo County</a>: townships of Yaoshan 瑶山, Yaolu 瑶麓, and Yao'ai 瑶埃</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiqian_County" title="Shiqian County">Shiqian County</a> (2,522 people): 9 Yao villages including Leijiatun 雷家屯 and Wurongguan 乌荣关 of Beita Township 北塔乡, and Shuiwei Village of Huaqiao Township 花桥乡水尾村</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangmo_County" title="Wangmo County">Wangmo County</a>: the 4 villages of Shangyoumai 上油迈, Xiaoyoumai 下油迈, Xinzhai 新寨, and Jiaxian 加现 in Youmai Township 油迈瑶族乡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majiang_County" title="Majiang County">Majiang County</a>: 23 Yao villages in Longshan Township 龙山乡, including Heba 河坝 (with 6,474 people)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liping_County" title="Liping County">Liping County</a> <ul><li>Shunhua Township 顺化瑶族乡 (1,316 people in 1992): Gongcun 贡村, Gaoka 高卡, Yibuwan 已补晚, Yishu 已树; Gaozizhai of Gaoshu Village 高抒村高仔寨</li> <li>Leidong Township 雷洞瑶族水族乡 (1,576 people in 1992): Jinchengzhai 金城寨 and Yibizhai 已毕寨 of Jincheng Village 金城村, Sanshanzhai of Xilao Village 戏劳村三山寨; Cenpangzhai 岑胖寨, Nongbozhai 弄播寨, Yunnanzhai 云南寨</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congjiang_County" title="Congjiang County">Congjiang County</a>: 2 subgroups of <a href="/wiki/Pa-Hng_language" title="Pa-Hng language">Red Yao</a> 红瑶 and <a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_language" title="Iu Mien language">Pan Yao</a> 盘瑶 <ul><li><i>Red Yao</i> 红瑶 <ul><li>Cuili Township 翠里瑶族壮族乡: Gaomang 高忙, Xinzhai 新寨, Shujiawan 舒家湾, Wucai 乌菜, Jiage 架格, Baiyanchong 白岩冲, Raojia 饶家</li> <li>Jiabang Township 加榜乡: Dazhou 达州村</li></ul></li> <li><i>Pan Yao</i> 盘瑶 <ul><li>Xishan Township 西山镇: Cengang 岑杠, Gaojiao 高脚, Qiuka 秋卡</li> <li>Douli Township 斗里乡: Dengmian 登面, Changka 长卡, Gaoliu 高柳, Beitong 碑痛</li> <li>Xiutang Township 秀塘壮族乡: Dage 打格, Yusha 雨沙, Jiujia 九甲, Baidao 摆倒, Wubu 乌布, Xilin 细林</li> <li>Zaibian Township 宰便镇: Zezhui 怎追</li> <li>Xiajiang Township 下江镇: Huanglang 黄郎</li> <li>Yongli Township 拥里乡: Dashan 大山, Laozhai 老寨, Gangbian 刚边, Huangnijing 黄泥井</li> <li>Donglang Township 东郎乡: Baidui 摆堆</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongjiang_County" title="Rongjiang County">Rongjiang County</a> <ul><li>Tashi Township 塔石瑶族水族乡 (2,979 people): Zedong 怎东村, Zaiyong 宰勇村, Dangxiang 党相村, Tashi 塔石村, Dangdiao 党调村, Zeba 怎贝村, Qiaoyang 乔央村.</li> <li>Pingjiang Township 平江乡: Jijiaoba 鸡脚坝, Balu 巴鲁</li> <li>Pingyong Township 平永镇: Sanbuqiao 三步桥, Qiaohai 乔亥</li> <li>Sanjiang Township 三江乡: Wuhong 乌洪</li> <li>Liangwang Township 两汪乡: Cen'ao 岑熬</li> <li>Pingyou Township 平尤乡: Shuangxikou 双溪口, Bakai 八开</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leishan_County" title="Leishan County">Leishan County</a> <ul><li>Dadi Township 达地镇: Longtanggou 龙塘沟, Paisong 排松, Pingzhai 平寨, Laozhai 老寨, Beilue 背略, Pangjia 庞家, Jieli 皆力, Gaolue 高略, Tongwu 同乌, Yeliao 也辽, Xiaowu 小巫, Baimizhai 白米寨, Hebian 河边</li> <li>Liuwu Township 柳乌乡: Liuwu 柳乌</li> <li>Qiaosang Township 乔桑乡: Xiagaojian 下高枧</li> <li>Gulu Township 固鲁乡: Nanping 南屏</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhai_County" title="Danzhai County">Danzhai County</a>: Pailu 排路, Yangwu 杨武, Jiapei 加配</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianhe_County" title="Jianhe County">Jianhe County</a>: Zhandi Village, Taiyong Township 太拥乡展迪村</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandu_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandu County">Sandu County</a>: Wuxia 巫不, Pu'an 普安, Jiaxiong 甲雄, Shangjiang 上江, Niuchang 牛场</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luodian_County" title="Luodian County">Luodian County</a>: Ankang 安抗 of Luotuo 罗妥; Naji 纳吉, Nakao 纳考, Nanao 纳闹, Luoyang 罗羊, Longping 龙坪, Bianyang 边阳 of Fengting 风亭</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyun_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziyun County">Ziyun County</a> (297 people): Tangguan Village, Maoping Township 茅坪塘贯村</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanling_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanling County">Guanling County</a> (189 people)</li></ul> <p>The Yao of Guizhou have various autonyms, such as:<sup id="cite_ref-Guizhou_Province_Gazetteer_2002_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guizhou_Province_Gazetteer_2002-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">toŋ55<span class="wrap"> </span>mo55</span></i> (董蒙), in Yaoshan 瑶山, Libo County. The <a href="/wiki/Buyi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Buyi people">Buyi people</a> call them <i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʑou21</span></i>.</li> <li><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">nu55<span class="wrap"> </span>hou33</span></i> (努侯), in Yaolu 瑶麓, Libo County. The Shui people call them <i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">miou35<span class="wrap"> </span>lo55</span></i>.</li> <li><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tuŋ33<span class="wrap"> </span>muŋ33</span></i> (东蒙), in Yao'ai 瑶埃, Libo County. The Buyi people call them <i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʑou21</span></i>.</li> <li><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">maŋ55</span></i> (满), in Youmai 油迈, Wangmo County.</li> <li><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʑoŋ21<span class="wrap"> </span>min21</span></i> (容棉), in Rongjiang, Leishan, Danzhai, Jianhe, Congjiang, and Sandu Counties.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hunan">Hunan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hunan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Jianghua_Yao_Autonomous_County" title="Jianghua Yao Autonomous County">Jianghua Yao Autonomous County</a> is the only Yao-designated autonomous county in Hunan. Some subgroups of ethnic Yao in Hunan include:<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan_Yao_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan Yao people (page does not exist)">Pan Yao</a> 盘瑶</b> (Mian 勉): in Jianghua, Chenxian, Lanshan, Ningyuan, Daoxian, Guiyang, Lingling, Chengbu, Chenxi, Xinning; speak a Mienic language.</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guoshan_Yao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guoshan Yao (page does not exist)">Guoshan Yao</a> 过山瑶</b>: in Jianghua, Lanshan, Ningyuan; speak a Mienic language.</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huajiao_Yao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huajiao Yao (page does not exist)">Huajiao Yao</a> 花脚瑶</b> (Wunai 唔奈): in Longhui, Tongdao, Xupu, Chenxi; speak a Hmongic language.</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badong_Yao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badong Yao (page does not exist)">Badong Yao</a> 八峒瑶</b> (Batong Yao 八垌瑶): in Xinning. The Badong Yao speak an endangered Sinitic language. It is spoken in the villages of Huangyandong 黄岩峒, Malindong 麻林峒, and Dazhendong 大圳峒 in Huangjin Ethnic Yao Township 黄金瑶族乡, Xinning County.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingdi_Yao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pingdi Yao (page does not exist)">Pingdi Yao</a> 平地瑶</b> (Bingduoyou 炳多尤): in Jianghua, Jiangyong, and speak a Chinese dialect.</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qixing_Yao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qixing Yao (page does not exist)">Qixing Yao</a> 七姓瑶</b>: in Chenxi, and speak a Chinese dialect.</li></ul> <p>The <i>Hunan Province Gazetteer</i> (1997) gives the following autonyms for various peoples classified by the Chinese government as Yao. </p> <ul><li><b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ju21<span class="wrap"> </span>mien21</span></i> 尤棉</b>: in much of <a href="/wiki/Xiangxi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Xiangxi Prefecture</a></li> <li><b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tom21pen21<span class="wrap"> </span>ju21</span></i> 董本尤</b>: in Xintian County, Yizhang County, Changning County</li> <li><b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ku21goŋ55<span class="wrap"> </span>ju21</span></i> 谷岗尤</b>: in Lanshan County, Jianghua County</li> <li><b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">thou21<span class="wrap"> </span>ju21</span></i> 土尤</b></li> <li><b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dzau21<span class="wrap"> </span>min21</span></i> 藻敏</b>: in Shuangpai County, Dao County, Ningyuan County</li> <li><b>Donglixiao 洞里销</b>: in Xinning County; also called Bunu 布努, Donglixiao 峒里俏, or Dong Yao 峒瑶 (<i>Xinning County Gazetteer</i> 2009). Their language is called Donghua 峒话.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">mm21<span class="wrap"> </span>nai33</span></i> 唔奈</b>: in Longhui County, Xupu County</li> <li><b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">piŋ21<span class="wrap"> </span>toa52<span class="wrap"> </span>jeu21</span></i> 炳多尤</b> (also called Dainaijiang 代奈江): in Jianghua County, Jiangyong County</li></ul> <p>Tan Xiaoping (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also gives the following autonyms for Yao subgroups of Jiangyong County. </p> <ul><li><b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">mjəŋ31</span></i> 勉</b></li> <li><b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">jəu31<span class="wrap"> </span>mjən31</span></i> 优勉</b></li> <li><b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">i31<span class="wrap"> </span>mjəŋ31</span></i> 壹勉</b></li> <li><b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iou231<span class="wrap"> </span>ȵie231</span></i> 优尼</b></li> <li><b><i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">piu42tau42<span class="wrap"> </span>iou42</span></i> 炳多优</b></li></ul> <p>The Yao of <a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a> Prefecture are found in the following locations (<i>Shaoyang Prefecture Gazetteer</i> 1997). Population statistics are from 1990. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinning_County,_Hunan" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinning County, Hunan">Xinning County</a> (12,756 Yao persons): Malin 麻林乡, Huangjin 黄金乡, Jingwei 靖位乡 (in Yuanshui 源水瑶族村)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongkou_County" title="Dongkou County">Dongkou County</a> (8,473 Yao persons): Naxi 𦰡溪乡 (那溪乡), Changtang 长塘乡, Dawu 大屋乡; Yuexi 月溪, Zhaping 渣坪, Tongshan 桐山</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhui_County" title="Longhui County">Longhui County</a> (6,151 Yao persons): Huxingshan 虎形山乡, Mao'ao 茅坳乡, Xiaoshajiang 小沙江镇, Qingshan 青山, Matangshan 麻塘山</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengbu_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Chengbu Miao Autonomous County">Chengbu County</a> (2,276 Yao persons): Lanrong 兰蓉, Qingyuan 清源, Dayang 大阳, Tingping 汀坪, Pengdong 蓬洞, Yangmei 杨梅</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining_County,_Hunan" title="Suining County, Hunan">Suining County</a> (1,641 Yao persons): Jinta 金趿, Shuikou 水口</li></ul> <p>The <i>Shaoyang Prefecture Gazetteer</i> (1997) reports that the Yao of <a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a> Prefecture, Hunan speak the following languages. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mienic_languages" title="Mienic languages">Mienic languages</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longhui_County" title="Longhui County">Longhui County</a> 隆回: Huxingshan 虎形山, Mao'ao 茅坳, Xiaoshajiang 小沙江</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongkou_County" title="Dongkou County">Dongkou County</a> 洞口: Dawu 大屋, Changtang 长塘</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengbu_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Chengbu Miao Autonomous County">Chengbu County</a> 城步: Qingyuan 清源, Lanrong 兰蓉</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hmongic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmongic language">Hmongic languages</a></i>?: Huangjin 黄金 and Malin 麻林 of <a href="/wiki/Xinning_County,_Hunan" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinning County, Hunan">Xinning County</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kam_language" title="Kam language">Southern Dong</a> dialect</i>: Naxi 𦰡溪 (那溪), <a href="/wiki/Dongkou_County" title="Dongkou County">Dongkou County</a> and Lianmin 联民, <a href="/wiki/Suining_County,_Hunan" title="Suining County, Hunan">Suining County</a></li></ul> <p>The following population statistics of ethnic Yao in Hunan are from the 1990 Chinese census, as given in the <i>Hunan Province Gazetteer</i> (1997). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Population of <br />ethnic Yao in Hunan </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>County </th> <th>Population (1990) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Jianghua </td> <td>210,944 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jiangyong </td> <td>62,647 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dao </td> <td>26,771 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ningyuan </td> <td>16,361 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lanshan </td> <td>16,123 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shuangpai </td> <td>7,206 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xintian </td> <td>6,295 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qiyang </td> <td>3,209 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chenxi </td> <td>26,132 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xupu </td> <td>13,989 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qianyang </td> <td>3,264 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Huaihua </td> <td>2,066 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tongdao </td> <td>1,657 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xinning </td> <td>12,756 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dongkou </td> <td>8,473 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Longhui </td> <td>6,151 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chenzhou </td> <td>5,872 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yizhang </td> <td>4,145 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zixing </td> <td>3,999 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guiyang </td> <td>2,323 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Changning </td> <td>1,085 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th>460,667 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Written_languages">Written languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Written languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After 1982, the Guangxi Nationality Institute and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences together created a new Yao writing system which was unified with the research results of the Yao-American scholar Yuēsè Hòu (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Chinese">Traditional Chinese</a>: 約瑟·候/<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified Chinese">Simplified Chinese</a>: 约瑟·候). The writing system was finalized in 1984 in Ruyuan County (乳源瑤族自治縣), <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, which included Chinese professors Pan Chengqian (盤承乾/盘承乾), Deng Fanggui (鄧方貴/邓方贵), Liu Baoyuan (劉保元/刘保元), Su Defu (蘇德富/苏德富) and Yauz Mengh Borngh; Chinese government officials; <a href="/wiki/Mien_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mien American">Mien Americans</a> Sengfo Chao (Zhao Fuming), Kao Chiem Chao (Zhao Youcai), and Chua Meng Chao; David T. Lee. </p><p>American linguist Herbert C. Purnell developed a curriculum and workshop presentations on language learning in East and Southeast Asia, as well as Yao Seng Deng from <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>. The US delegation took the new writing system to the Iu Mien community in the United States where it was adopted with a vote of 78 to 7 by a conference of <a href="/wiki/Mien_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mien American">Mien American</a> community leaders.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://iumien.com/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=1&page=2">[6]</a> This writing system based on the Latin alphabet was designed to be pan-dialectal; it distinguishes 30 syllable initials, 121 syllable finals and eight tones. </p><p>For an example of how the unified alphabet is used to write Iu Mien, a common Yao language, see <a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_language" title="Iu Mien language">Iu Mien language</a>. </p><p>There is a separate written standard for Bunu, since it is from the <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong/Miao</a> side, rather than the Mien/Yao side, of the <a href="/wiki/Miao%E2%80%93Yao_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Miao–Yao language">Miao–Yao language</a> family. </p><p>Some people think that a variety of Yao is, or was, written in <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a>, an indigenous script in Southern part of Hunan Province in China. But this connection between Yao language and Nüshu is disputed, because Nüshu more likely recorded local Chinese dialect which might be also known by Yao people in Hunan. </p><p>Officially, illiteracy and semi-literacy among the Yao in China still stood at 40.6% in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dance_of_the_Yao_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance of the Yao people">Dance of the Yao people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhu" title="Panhu">Panhu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from </i>The Chinese times, Volume 4<i>, a publication from 1890, now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the United States.</i></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CensVn2019-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CensVn2019_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensVn2019_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Ket-qua-toan-bo-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-2019.pdf">Census 01/04/2019</a>. p. 44. General Directorate for Statistics of Vietnam, 19/12/2019. accessdate 1/09/2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2009903-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest2009903_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest2009903_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWest2009">West 2009</a>, p. 903.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-knowledge2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-knowledge2_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTheobald" class="citation web cs1">Theobald, Ulrich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Altera/man.html">"Man 蠻"</a>. <i>www.chinaknowledge.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B1%9F%E5%8D%8E%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8E%BF%E7%9A%84%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%EF%BC%8C%E6%AC%A2%E8%BF%8E%E8%A1%A5%E5%85%85%EF%BC%81%EF%BC%81%EF%BC%81%E3%80%90%E6%B1%9F%E5%8D%8E%E5%8E%BF%E5%90%A7%E3%80%91_%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E8%B4%B4%E5%90%A7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tieba.com%2Fp%2F630175107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYao+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chen, Qiguang [陈其光] (2013). <i>Miao and Yao language</i> [苗瑶语文]. Beijing: China Minzu University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=217095">"景东彝族自治县太忠乡岔箐村委会"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131230232920/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=217095">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-12-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%99%AF%E4%B8%9C%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8E%BF%E5%A4%AA%E5%BF%A0%E4%B9%A1%E5%B2%94%E7%AE%90%E6%9D%91%E5%A7%94%E4%BC%9A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynszxc.gov.cn%2FvillagePage%2FvIndex.aspx%3Fdepartmentid%3D217095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYao+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=217070">"景东彝族自治县太忠乡大松树村委会"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235247/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=217070">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-12-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%99%AF%E4%B8%9C%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8E%BF%E5%A4%AA%E5%BF%A0%E4%B9%A1%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%BE%E6%A0%91%E6%9D%91%E5%A7%94%E4%BC%9A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynszxc.gov.cn%2FvillagePage%2FvIndex.aspx%3Fdepartmentid%3D217070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYao+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doling-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doling_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doling, Tim. 2010. Mountains and Ethnic Minorities: North West Việt Nam. Thế Giới Publishers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chảo Văn Lâm. 2013. <i>Thơ ca hôn lễ: người Dao Đỏ ở Lào Cai</i>. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản văn hóa thông tin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nguyen2013-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nguyen2013_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nguyen2013_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nguyễn Mạnh Hùng. 2013. <i>Lễ cưới người Dao Nga Hoàng</i>. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản văn hóa thông tin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">PGS. TS. Nguyễn Khắc Tụng, TS. Nguyễn Anh Cường. 2004. <i>Trang phục cổ truyền của người Dao ở Việt Nam</i>. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản khoa học xã hội [viện khoa học xã hội Việt Nam].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guizhou_Province_Gazetteer_2002-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guizhou_Province_Gazetteer_2002_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guizhou_Province_Gazetteer_2002_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Guizhou Province Gazetteer: Ethnic Gazetteer [贵州省志. 民族志] (2002). Guiyang: Guizhou Ethnic Publishing House [貴州民族出版社].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">湖南瑶族社会历史调查 (2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lei Biying; Zheng Linguang [雷碧英; 郑林光; 新宁县民族宗教事务局; 新宁县黄金瑶族乡中心学校]. 2012. <i>Badong Yao language</i> [八峒瑶语]. Xinning: Xinning County Ethnic and Religious Affairs Bureau [新宁县民族宗教事务局].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF道客巴巴2012" class="citation web cs1">道客巴巴 (7 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doc88.com/p-287797318753.html">"新宁县瑶族乡濒危方言峒话调查"</a>. <i>www.doc88.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180503142058/http://www.doc88.com/p-287797318753.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.doc88.com&rft.atitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%81%E5%8E%BF%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%E4%B9%A1%E6%BF%92%E5%8D%B1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%B3%92%E8%AF%9D%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5&rft.date=2012-06-07&rft.au=%E9%81%93%E5%AE%A2%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doc88.com%2Fp-287797318753.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYao+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF吴萍2018" class="citation journal cs1">吴萍 (3 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cqvip.com/QK/87478A/201210/43954194.html">"湖南新宁瑶族"峒话"音系"</a>. <i>现代语文：下旬．语言研究</i> (10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130731055625/http://www.cqvip.com/QK/87478A/201210/43954194.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8B%E6%97%AC%EF%BC%8E%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.atitle=%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%81%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%22%E5%B3%92%E8%AF%9D%22%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&rft.issue=10&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft.au=%E5%90%B4%E8%90%8D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cqvip.com%2FQK%2F87478A%2F201210%2F43954194.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYao+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF许阳胡萍2018" class="citation journal cs1">许阳; 胡萍 (3 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cqvip.com/QK/80738X/201032/35823904.html">"新宁县瑶族乡峒话的语音系统"</a>. <i>文教资料</i> (32). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130730234703/http://www.cqvip.com/QK/80738X/201032/35823904.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%87%E6%95%99%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.atitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%81%E5%8E%BF%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%E4%B9%A1%E5%B3%92%E8%AF%9D%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&rft.issue=32&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft.au=%E8%AE%B8%E9%98%B3&rft.au=%E8%83%A1%E8%90%8D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cqvip.com%2FQK%2F80738X%2F201032%2F35823904.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYao+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tan Xiaoping [谭晓平]. 2012. <i>Language contact and evolution: the Mien language of the Yao people of Jiangyong County, southern Hunan</i> 语言接触与语言演变: 湘南瑶族江永勉语个案研究. Wuhan: Central China Normal University Press [华中师范大学出版社]. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5622-5409-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5622-5409-6">978-7-5622-5409-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hh.cn/whwx/yz/2002/2002-10/2002-10-31/1036034262_2">"您访问的页面丢失了 - 中国红河网 - 官方网站"</a>. <i>www.hh.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174222/http://www.hh.cn/whwx/yz/2002/2002-10/2002-10-31/1036034262_2">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hh.cn&rft.atitle=%E6%82%A8%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%A2%E5%A4%B1%E4%BA%86+-+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BA%A2%E6%B2%B3%E7%BD%91+-+%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hh.cn%2Fwhwx%2Fyz%2F2002%2F2002-10%2F2002-10-31%2F1036034262_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYao+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130801062653/http://asiaharvest.org/index.php/people-group-profiles/china/">AsiaHarvest.org: Ethnic group profiles of China</a></li> <li>Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David, 'Chiang Mai's Hill Peoples' in: <i>Ancient Chiang Mai</i> Volume 3. Chiang Mai, Cognoscenti Books, 2012. ASIN: B006IN1RNW</li> <li>Máo Zōngwǔ 毛宗武: <b>Yáozú Miǎnyǔ fāngyán yánjiū</b> 瑶族勉语方言研究 (<i>Studies in Mien dialects of the Miao nationality</i>; Běijīng 北京,<a href="/wiki/Publishing_House_of_Minority_Nationalities" title="Publishing House of Minority Nationalities">Publishing House of Minority Nationalities</a> 2004), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-105-06669-5" title="Special:BookSources/7-105-06669-5">7-105-06669-5</a>.</li> <li>Méng Cháojí 蒙朝吉: <b>Hàn-Yáo cídiǎn - Bùnǔyǔ</b> 汉瑶词典——布努语 (<i>Chinese-Yao Dictionary - Bunu</i>; Chéngdū 成都, Sìchuān mínzú chūbǎnshè 四川民族出版社 1996), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-5409-1745-8" title="Special:BookSources/7-5409-1745-8">7-5409-1745-8</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2016" class="citation cs2">Minahan, Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations (2016), Greenwood</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Minahan&rft.aufirst=Encyclopedia+of+Stateless+Nations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYao+people" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li>Barker, Judith C., and Saechao, Kaochoy. "A Household Survey of Older Iu-Mien Refugees in Rural California." Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 12.2 (1997): 121–143.</li> <li>Barker, Judith C. & Saechao, Kaochoy. (2000). A demographic survey of Iu-Mien in West Coast States of the U.S., 1993. Journal of Immigrant Health, 2:1, 31–42.</li> <li>Phan Ngọc Khuê. 2003. <i>Lễ cấp sắc của người Dao Lô Gang ở Lạng Sơn</i>. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản văn hóa thông tin.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2009" class="citation cs2">West, Barbara A. (2009), <i>Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Peoples+of+Asia+and+Oceania&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Barbara+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYao+people" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films">Films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2003 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/deathofashaman/mien.html"><i>Death of a Shaman</i></a>. Directed by Richard Hall; produced by Fahm Fong Saeyang.</li> <li>1989 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folkstreams.net/film,149">"Moving Mountains: The Story of the Yiu Mien"</a>. Directed and produced by Elaine Velazquez</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_people&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Template:Ethnic groups in China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">Ethnic groups in China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><u>Underlined</u>: the 56 <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China#Ethnic_groups_recognized_by_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">recognized ethnic groups</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bai_people" title="Bai people">Bai</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuanqing_people" title="Chuanqing people">Chuanqing</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese_subgroups" title="Han Chinese subgroups">subgroups</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjia_people" title="Longjia people">Longjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxiang_people" title="Waxiang people">Waxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo-Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Achang_people" title="Achang people">Achang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akha_people" title="Akha people">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_language" title="Bisu language">Bisu</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hani_people" title="Hani people">Hani</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Jino_people" title="Jino people">Jino</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucong" title="Kucong">Kucong</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">Lahu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laomian_language" title="Laomian language">Laomian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laopin_language" title="Laopin language">Laopin</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lisu_people" title="Lisu people">Lisu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosuo" title="Mosuo">Mosuo</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nakhi_people" title="Nakhi people">Nakhi</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nu_people" title="Nu people">Nu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixingmin_people" title="Qixingmin people">Qixingmin</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baima_people" title="Baima people">Baima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyalrong_people" title="Gyalrong people">Gyalrong</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Pumi_people" title="Pumi people">Pumi</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Monpa_people" title="Monpa people">Monpa</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishmi_people" title="Mishmi people">Deng</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Derung_people" title="Derung people">Derung</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Jingpo_people" title="Jingpo people">Jingpo</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lhoba_people" title="Lhoba people">Lhoba</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Blang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Blang people">Blang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyu" title="Bolyu">Bolyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_language" title="Hu language">Kunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyu_language" title="Bolyu language">Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mang people">Mang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugan_language" title="Bugan language">Pakan</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Palaung_people" title="Palaung people">Ta'ang</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Vietnamese</a>(<a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Jingzu</a>)</u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Wa_people" title="Wa people">Wa</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_China" title="Filipinos in China">Filipino</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">Gaoshan</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsuls" title="Utsuls">Utsuls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong-Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gejia_people" title="Gejia people">Gejia</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/She_people" title="She people">She</a></u></li> <li><u><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yao</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bonan_people" title="Bonan people">Bonan</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Daur_people" title="Daur people">Daur</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Dongxiangs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongxiangs">Dongxiang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamnigan" title="Hamnigan">Hamnigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangjia_language" title="Kangjia language">Kangjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatso" title="Khatso">Khatso</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">Mongols</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaga_Mongols" title="Abaga Mongols">Abaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaganar" title="Abaganar">Abaganar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aohans" title="Aohans">Aohans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baarins" title="Baarins">Baarins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryats" title="Buryats">Buryats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chahars" title="Chahars">Chahars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlos_Mongols" title="Gorlos Mongols">Gorlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaids" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalaids">Jalaids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaruud" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaruud">Jaruud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharchin_Mongols" title="Kharchin Mongols">Kharchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khishigten" title="Khishigten">Khishigten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorchin_Mongols" title="Khorchin Mongols">Khorchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Khuuchid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muumyangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Muumyangan">Muumyangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_people" title="Dzungar people">Dzungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoid" title="Khoid">Khoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut" title="Khoshut">Khoshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olot_people" title="Olot people">Olot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torghut" title="Torghut">Torghut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mongols" title="Upper Mongols">Upper Mongols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onnigud" class="mw-redirect" title="Onnigud">Onnigud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongols" title="Ordos Mongols">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Mongols" title="Sichuan Mongols">Sichuan Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunud">Sunud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urad_Mongols" title="Urad Mongols">Urad</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Monguor_people" title="Monguor people">Monguor</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogwo_Arig" title="Sogwo Arig">Sogwo Arig</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yugur_language" title="Eastern Yugur language">Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra–Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_people" title="Bouyei people">Bouyei</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyang_people" title="Buyang people">Buyang</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Dai_people" title="Dai people">Dai</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nua_people" title="Tai Nua people">Tai Nua</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kam_people" title="Kam people">Dong</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Gelao_people" title="Gelao people">Gelao</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hlai_people" title="Hlai people">Li</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Maonan_people" title="Maonan people">Maonan</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_people" title="Nùng people">Nùng</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Mulao_people" title="Mulao people">Mulao</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabiao_people" title="Qabiao people">Qabiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rau_peoples" title="Rau peoples">Rau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Shan</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Sui_people" title="Sui people">Sui</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_people" title="Yang people">Yang</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_peoples" title="Tungusic peoples">Tungusic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Evenks" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenks</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solon_people" title="Solon people">Solon</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchus</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nanai_people" title="Nanai people">Nanai</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Oroqen_people" title="Oroqen people">Oroqen</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Sibe_people" title="Sibe people">Sibes</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people">Altaians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_people" title="Äynu people">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolan_people" title="Dolan people">Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turk_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Ili Turk People">Ili Turks</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Kazakh</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Kyrgyz</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tatars" title="Chinese Tatars">Tatar</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvans</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_China" title="Uzbeks in China">Uzbeks</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_China" title="Armenians in China">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_China" title="Iranians in China">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_China" title="Nepalis in China">Nepalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daman_people" title="Daman people">Daman</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_China" title="Russians in China">Russians</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tajiks_of_Xinjiang" title="Tajiks of Xinjiang">Tajiks (Pamiris)</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people" title="Wakhi people">Wakhis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Chinese" title="African Chinese">African Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_China" title="Indians in China">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese in China">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">Koreans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chaoxianzu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaoxianzu">Chaoxianzu</a>)</u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_people" title="Macanese people">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivkh_people" title="Nivkh people">Nivkhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_China" title="Pakistanis in China">Pakistanis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_nationalism" title="Han nationalism">Han nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_chauvinism" title="Han chauvinism">chauvinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_ethnic_nationalism" title="Local ethnic nationalism">Local ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minzu_(anthropology)" title="Minzu (anthropology)">Minzu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhonghua_minzu" title="Zhonghua minzu">Zhonghua minzu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Unrecognized ethnic groups in China">Unrecognized ethnic groups in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_China" title="Immigration to China">Immigrant ethnic groups in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">Historic ethnic groups</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Myanmar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Myanmar" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Myanmar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Myanmar" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Myanmar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Myanmar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Myanmar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Myanmar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Myanmar">Ethnic groups in Myanmar</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Burmese_people" title="Burmese people">Burmese people</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kachin_people" title="Kachin people">Kachin</a> (12)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jingpo_people" title="Jingpo people">Jingpaw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalaung_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalaung people (page does not exist)">Dalaung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gauri_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gauri people (page does not exist)">Gauri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hkahku_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hkahku people (page does not exist)">Hkahku</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duleng_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duleng people (page does not exist)">Duleng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhao_Vo_language" title="Lhao Vo language">Maru (Lawgore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hpon_language" title="Hpon language">Hpon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachik" title="Lachik">Lashi (La Chit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaiwa_language" title="Zaiwa language">Atsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_people" title="Lisu people">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nung_Rawang" title="Nung Rawang">Rawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taron_people" title="Taron people">Taron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achang_people" title="Achang people">Ngochang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kayah (9)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geba_Karen_language" title="Geba Karen language">Geba Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheko_People&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheko People (page does not exist)">Gheko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karenni_people" title="Karenni people">Karenni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayan_people_(Myanmar)" title="Kayan people (Myanmar)">Ka-Yun (Kayan; Padaung)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karenni_people" title="Karenni people">Manu Manaw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pale people (page does not exist)">Pale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yin_Baw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yin Baw (page does not exist)">Yin Baw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yin_Talai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yin Talai (page does not exist)">Yin Talai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayein_people" title="Zayein people">Zayein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Karen_people" title="Karen people">Kayin (Karen)</a> (11)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pa-Le-Chi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pa-Le-Chi (page does not exist)">Pa-Le-Chi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mon_Kayin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mon Kayin (page does not exist)">Mon Kayin (Sarpyu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_people" title="S'gaw people">S'gaw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ta-Hlay-Pwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ta-Hlay-Pwa (page does not exist)">Ta-Hlay-Pwa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paku_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paku people (page does not exist)">Paku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwe_people" title="Bwe people">Bwe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monpwa_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monpwa people (page does not exist)">Monpwa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monnepwa_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monnepwa people (page does not exist)">Monnepwa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shu people (page does not exist)">Shu (Pwo)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chin_people" title="Chin people">Chin</a> (53)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anu_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anu people (page does not exist)">Anu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anun_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anun people (page does not exist)">Anun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asho_Chin_people" title="Asho Chin people">Asho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayaw_language" title="Kayaw language">Bre (Ka-Yaw)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumtu_Chin_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumtu Chin People">Cumtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daai_Chin" title="Daai Chin">Dai (Yindu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_people" title="Zou people">Dim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eik-swair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eik-swair (page does not exist)">Eik-swair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunte_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunte people (page does not exist)">Gunte (Lyente)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guite_people" title="Guite people">Guite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people_in_Myanmar" title="Mizo people in Myanmar">Hualngo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaung_Saing_Chin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaung Saing Chin (page does not exist)">Kaung Saing Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaungso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaungso (page does not exist)">Kaungso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebar_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebar people (page does not exist)">Kebar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khawno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khawno (page does not exist)">Khawno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwangli_(Sim)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kwangli (Sim) (page does not exist)">Kwangli (Sim)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwelshin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kwelshin (page does not exist)">Kwelshin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwe_Myi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kwe Myi (page does not exist)">Kwe Myi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lai_(Haka_Chin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lai (Haka Chin) (page does not exist)">Lai (Haka Chin)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laizao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laizao (page does not exist)">Laizao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lautu_language" title="Lautu language">Lawhtu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laymyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laymyo (page does not exist)">Laymyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lhinbu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lhinbu (page does not exist)">Lhinbu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyente (page does not exist)">Lyente</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magun (page does not exist)">Magun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malin_(ethnic_group)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malin (ethnic group) (page does not exist)">Malin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marma_people" title="Marma people">Marma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matu_(ethnic_group)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matu (ethnic group) (page does not exist)">Matu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meithei (Kathe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaang_language" title="Kaang language">Mgan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi-er&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mi-er (page does not exist)">Mi-er</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lushayy_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lushayy people (page does not exist)">Lusayy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mro-Khimi_people" title="Mro-Khimi people">Mro-Khimi people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngawn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngawn (page does not exist)">Ngawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C3%B6_language" title="Shö language">Oo-Pu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panun (page does not exist)">Panun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welaung_language" title="Welaung language">Rongtu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saing_Zan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saing Zan (page does not exist)">Saing Zan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saline_(ethnic_group)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saline (ethnic group) (page does not exist)">Saline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senthang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senthang (page does not exist)">Senthang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_people" title="Tangkhul people">Tangkhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapong" title="Tapong">Tapong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tay-Zan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tay-Zan (page does not exist)">Tay-Zan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Thado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedim_people" title="Tedim people">Tiddim (Hai-Dim)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torr_(Tawr)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torr (Tawr) (page does not exist)">Torr (Tawr)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yin_Gog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yin Gog (page does not exist)">Yin Gog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zahau_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zahau people (page does not exist)">Zahau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanniat" title="Zanniat">Zahnyet (Zanniat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizang_people" title="Sizang people">Sizang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zyphe_language" title="Zyphe language">Zophei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zotung_people" title="Zotung people">Zotung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_people" title="Zou people">Zou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bamar_people" title="Bamar people">Bamar (Burman)</a> (9)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dawei_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dawei people (page does not exist)">Dawei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bey_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bey people (page does not exist)">Beik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaw_people" title="Yaw people">Yaw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yabein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yabein (page does not exist)">Yabein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadu_people" title="Kadu people">Kadu (Kado)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganan_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganan people (page does not exist)">Ganan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hpon_people" title="Hpon people">Hpon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mon (1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mon_people" title="Mon people">Mon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rakhine_people" title="Rakhine people">Rakhine <br />(Arakanese)</a> (7)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamein" title="Kamein">Kamein</a> (Kaman)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khami_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khami people (page does not exist)">Khami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daingnet_people" title="Daingnet people">Daingnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barua_people" title="Barua people">Maramagyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miram_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miram people (page does not exist)">Miram (Mara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_people" title="Mru people">Mru (Taung Mro)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thet_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thet people (page does not exist)">Thet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Shan</a> (33)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danaw_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danaw people (page does not exist)">Danaw (Danau)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danu_people" title="Danu people">Danu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intha_people" title="Intha people">Intha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27O_people" title="Pa'O people">Pa-O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamti_people" title="Khamti people">Khamti Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khmu (Khamu)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwi_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kwi people (page does not exist)">Kwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokang_Chinese" title="Kokang Chinese">Kokang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">Lahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaung_people" title="Palaung people">Palaung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shan_Gale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shan Gale (page does not exist)">Shan Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shan_Gyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shan Gyi (page does not exist)">Shan Gyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Loi_language" title="Tai Loi language">Tai-Loi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nua_people" title="Tai Nua people">Tai Nua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tai-Lon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tai-Lon (page does not exist)">Tai-Lon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tai-Lay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tai-Lay (page does not exist)">Tai-Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taishon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taishon (page does not exist)">Taishon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taungyo" title="Taungyo">Taungyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_people" title="Wa people">Wa (Va)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riang_language" title="Riang language">Yin Kya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riang_language" title="Riang language">Yin Net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Thai_people" title="Northern Thai people">Yun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Man_Zi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Man Zi (page does not exist)">Man Zi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyen_language" title="Pyen language">Pyin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eng_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eng people (page does not exist)">Eng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Son people (page does not exist)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akha_people" title="Akha people">Kaw (Akha-E-Kaw)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maw_Shan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maw Shan (page does not exist)">Maw Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achang_people" title="Achang people">Maingtha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hkun_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hkun people (page does not exist)">Hkun (Khün)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrecognised / Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Burmese_people" title="Anglo-Burmese people">Anglo-Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Myanmar" title="Chinese people in Myanmar">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panthays" title="Panthays">Panthay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayingyi_people" title="Bayingyi people">Bayingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Gurkha" title="Burmese Gurkha">Gurkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people_in_Myanmar" title="Mizo people in Myanmar">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Indians" title="Burmese Indians">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Tamils" title="Myanmar Tamils">Tamils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_people" title="Rohingya people">Rohingya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Malays" title="Burmese Malays">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Myanmar" title="Pakistanis in Myanmar">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taungtha_people" title="Taungtha people">Taungtha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_and_linguistic_groups_in_Thailand_by_language_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Thailand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Thailand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Thailand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_and_linguistic_groups_in_Thailand_by_language_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Ethnic groups in Thailand">Ethnic and linguistic groups in Thailand</a> by <a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Thailand" title="Template:Languages of Thailand">language family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kra–Dai">Kra–Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Tai" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern Tai">Southwestern Tai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isan_people" title="Isan people">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%BCn" class="mw-redirect" title="Khün">Khün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Ga" title="Lao Ga">Lao Ga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Krang" title="Lao Krang">Lao Krang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Lom" title="Lao Lom">Lao Lom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Loum" title="Lao Loum">Lao Loum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Ngaew" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao Ngaew">Lao Ngaew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Song" title="Lao Song">Lao Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Ti" title="Lao Ti">Lao Ti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Wiang" title="Lao Wiang">Lao Wiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Tai Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Thai_people" title="Northern Thai people">Tai Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyong_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyong people">Nyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phu_Thai_language" title="Phu Thai language">Phu Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phuan_people" title="Phuan people">Phuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Bueng" title="Tai Bueng">Tai Bueng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Daeng_people" title="Tai Daeng people">Tai Daeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_people" title="Tai Dam people">Tai Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Gapong" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Gapong">Tai Gapong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleun_people" title="Kaleun people">Kaleun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nua_people" title="Tai Nua people">Tai Nüa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tai_Wang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tai Wang (page does not exist)">Tai Wang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">Thai Noi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khorat_Thai" title="Khorat Thai">Khorat Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Thai Yai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Tai_languages" title="Northern Tai languages">Northern Tai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saek_people" title="Saek people">Saek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaw_people" title="Nyaw people">Nyaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoy_people" title="Yoy people">Yoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Malayo-Polynesian" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayo-Polynesian">Malayo-Polynesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cham_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham people">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Malays" title="Thai Malays">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moken_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Moken people">Moken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moklen_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moklen people (page does not exist)">Moklen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urak_Lawoi%E2%80%99_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Urak Lawoi’ people">Urak Lawoi’</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroasiatic">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khmuic_peoples" title="Khmuic peoples">Khmuic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lua_people" title="Lua people">Lua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mlabri_people" title="Mlabri people">Mlabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phai_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Phai people">Phai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pray_people" title="Pray people">Pray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal_people" title="Mal people">Tin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bru_people" title="Bru people">Bru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palaungic_languages" title="Palaungic languages">Palaungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Blang people">Blang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamet_people" title="Lamet people">Lamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawa_people" title="Lawa people">Lawa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mok_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mok people (page does not exist)">Mok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaung_people" title="Palaung people">Palaung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Khmer_people" title="Northern Khmer people">Northern</a></li> <li>Western</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monic_languages" title="Monic languages">Monic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mon_people" title="Mon people">Mon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyah_Kur_people" title="Nyah Kur people">Nyah Kur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Katuic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Katuic language">Katuic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuy_people" title="Kuy people">Kuy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pearic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearic language">Pearic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pear_people" title="Pear people">Pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chong_language" title="Chong language">Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27och_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'och people">Sa'och</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aslian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aslian">Aslian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maniq" class="mw-redirect" title="Maniq">Maniq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Kintaq">Kintaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensiu">Kensiu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vietic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietic">Vietic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thavung_language" title="Thavung language">Aheu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Tibetan">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinitic language">Sinitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Chinese" title="Thai Chinese">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chin_Haw" title="Chin Haw">Chin Haw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peranakan_Chinese" title="Peranakan Chinese">Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_people" title="Hoklo people">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_people" title="Hainan people">Hainanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_people" title="Fuzhou people">Hokchew</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibeto-Burman">Tibeto-Burman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akha_people" title="Akha people">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bisu_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bisu people (page does not exist)">Bisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_people" title="Karen people">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karenni_people" title="Karenni people">Kayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">Lahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_people" title="Lisu people">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Lolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpi people">Mpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27O_people" title="Pa'O people">Pa'O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrae_Pwo" class="mw-redirect" title="Phrae Pwo">Phrae Pwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phunoi_people" title="Phunoi people">Phunoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwo people">Pwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_people" title="S'gaw people">S'gaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugong_people" title="Ugong people">Ugong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong–Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_people" title="Iu Mien people">Iu Mien</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Thailand#Immigrants" title="Demographics of Thailand">Immigrants and expatriates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australians_in_Thailand" title="Australians in Thailand">Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_in_Thailand" title="Burmese in Thailand">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farang" title="Farang">Farang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Thailand" title="Filipinos in Thailand">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Thailand" title="Indians in Thailand">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_Thailand" title="Iranians in Thailand">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_migration_to_Thailand" title="Japanese migration to Thailand">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Thailand" title="Koreans in Thailand">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luk_khrueng" title="Luk khrueng">Luk khrueng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalis in Thailand">Nepalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Thailand" title="Pakistanis in Thailand">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svenskar_i_Thailand" class="extiw" title="sv:Svenskar i Thailand">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam_by_language_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Vietnam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Vietnam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Vietnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam_by_language_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Vietnam">Ethnic groups in Vietnam</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vietnam#Languages" title="Vietnam">language family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietic_languages" title="Vietic languages">Vietic</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A9t_people" title="Chứt people">Chứt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muong_people" title="Muong people">Mường</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ngu%E1%BB%93n_language" title="Nguồn language">Nguồn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%95_people" title="Thổ people">Thổ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Việt (Kinh)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Austroasiatic (non-Vietic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahnar_people" title="Bahnar people">Ba Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brau_people" title="Brau people">Brâu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bru_people" title="Bru people">Bru-Vân Kiều</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cor_people" title="Cor people">Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katu_people" title="Katu people">Cơ Tu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gie_Trieng_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gie Trieng people">Giẻ Triêng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%27re_people" title="H're people">Hrê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Khang people">Kháng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khơ Mú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mang people">Mảng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnong_people" title="Mnong people">M'Nông</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stieng_people" title="Stieng people">Xtiêng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koho_people" title="Koho people">Cơ Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1_people" title="Mạ people">Mạ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cho_Ro_people" title="Cho Ro people">Chơ Ro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Du_people" title="O Du people">Ơ Đu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C6%A1_M%C4%83m_people" title="Rơ Măm people">Rơ Măm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta_Oi_people" title="Ta Oi people">Tà Ôi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksingmul_people" title="Ksingmul people">Xinh Mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xo_Dang_people" title="Xo Dang people">Xơ Đăng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Krom" title="Khmer Krom">Khmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong–Dao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">H'Mông/Mông</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_Then_people" title="Pa Then people">Pà Thẻn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Tai–Kadai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_people" title="Bouyei people">Bố Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gi%C3%A1y_people" title="Giáy people">Giáy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lào</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Lự</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_people" title="Nùng people">Nùng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Chay_people" title="San Chay people">Sán Chay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tay people">Tày</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_people_(Vietnam)" title="Thái people (Vietnam)">Thái</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_people" title="Tai Dam people">Thái Đen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Daeng_people" title="Tai Daeng people">Thái Đỏ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_D%C3%B3n_people" title="Tai Dón people">Thái Trắng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phu_Thai_language" title="Phu Thai language">Phu Thái</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Thanh_language" title="Tai Thanh language">Tày Thanh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Pao_language" title="Tai Pao language">Thái Hàng Tổng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelao_people" title="Gelao people">Cơ Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachi_people" title="Lachi people">La Chí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laha_people" title="Laha people">La Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabiao_people" title="Qabiao people">Pu Péo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sui_people" title="Sui people">Thủy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoa_people" title="Hoa people">Hoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%A1i_people" title="Ngái people">Ngái</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diu_people" title="San Diu people">Sán Dìu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phunoi_people" title="Phunoi people">Cống</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_people" title="Hani people">Hà Nhì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">La Hủ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B4_L%C3%B4_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Lô Lô people">Lô Lô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B9_L%C3%A1_people" title="Phù Lá people">Phù Lá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si_La_people" title="Si La people">Si La</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Chăm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churu_people" title="Churu people">Chu Ru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rade_people" title="Rade people">Ê Đê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarai_people" title="Jarai people">Gia Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raglai_people" title="Raglai people">Raglai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Expatriate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Vietnam" title="Indians in Vietnam">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_Vietnam" title="Japanese people in Vietnam">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Vietnam" title="Koreans in Vietnam">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Vietnam" title="History of the Jews in Vietnam">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerians_in_Vietnam" title="Nigerians in Vietnam">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_expatriates_in_Vietnam" title="Taiwanese expatriates in Vietnam">Taiwanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>Italic</i> – Not officially recognized</span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Vietnam portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Vietnam">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Laos_by_language_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Laos" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Laos"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Laos" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Laos"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Laos" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Laos"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Laos_by_language_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Laos">Ethnic groups in Laos</a> by <a href="/wiki/Laos#Languages" title="Laos">language family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tai_languages" title="Tai languages">Lao-Tai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phuan_people" title="Phuan people">Phuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phu_Thai_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phu Thai people (page does not exist)">Phu Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saek_people" title="Saek people">Saek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Daeng_people" title="Tai Daeng people">Tai Daeng</a> (Red Tai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_people" title="Tai Dam people">Tai Dam</a> (Black Tai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_D%C3%B3n_people" title="Tai Dón people">Tai Khao</a> (White Tai)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tai_Maen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tai Maen (page does not exist)">Tai Maen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nua_people" title="Tai Nua people">Tai Nüa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vietic_languages" title="Vietic languages">Vietic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atel_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atel people (page does not exist)">Atel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_people_(Laos)" title="Bo people (Laos)">Bo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A9t_people" title="Chứt people">Chut</a> (May)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Kinh/Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krih_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krih people (page does not exist)">Krih</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liha_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liha people (page does not exist)">Liha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maleng_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maleng people (page does not exist)">Maleng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phong_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phong people (page does not exist)">Phong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phon_Sung_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phon Sung people (page does not exist)">Phon Sung</a> (Aheu)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thavung_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thavung people (page does not exist)">Thavung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tum_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tum people (page does not exist)">Tum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmeric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Katuic_languages" title="Katuic languages">Katuic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bru_people" title="Bru people">Bru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katu_people" title="Katu people">Ca Tu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuy_people" title="Kuy people">Kuy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makong_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makong people (page does not exist)">Makong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacoh_people" title="Pacoh people">Pacoh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sou_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sou people (page does not exist)">Sou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta_Oi_people" title="Ta Oi people">Ta Oi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bahnaric_languages" title="Bahnaric languages">Bahnaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alak_people" title="Alak people">Alak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brau_people" title="Brau people">Brau</a> (Lavae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katang_people" title="Katang people">Kataang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeng_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeng people (page does not exist)">Jeng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oy_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oy people (page does not exist)">Oy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laven_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laven people (page does not exist)">Laven</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyaheun_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyaheun people (page does not exist)">Nyaheun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedang people">Sedang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talieng_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talieng people (page does not exist)">Talieng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yae_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yae people (page does not exist)">Yae</a> (Jeh)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khmuic_languages" title="Khmuic languages">Khmu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Palaungic_languages" title="Palaungic languages">Palaungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bit_people" title="Bit people">Bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Khang people">Khang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phai_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Phai people">Htin</a> (Lua)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kon_Keu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kon Keu">Keu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mlabri_people" title="Mlabri people">Mlabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamet_people" title="Lamet people">Lamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Du_people" title="O Du people">O Du</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinh_Mun_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinh Mun people">Xinh Mun</a> (Puoc)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samtao_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samtao people (page does not exist)">Samtao</a> (Kiorr)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong–Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanten_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanten people (page does not exist)">Lanten</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akha_people" title="Akha people">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_people" title="Hani people">Hani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kado_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kado people (page does not exist)">Kado</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaduo_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaduo people (page does not exist)">Kaduo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">Lahu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phana%27_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phana' people (page does not exist)">Phana'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phunoi_people" title="Phunoi people">Phunoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si_La_people" title="Si La people">Si La</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Cham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Chams" title="Laotian Chams">Laotian Cham</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Chinese" title="Laotian Chinese">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tai_Doi_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tai Doi people (page does not exist)">Doi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleun_people" title="Kaleun people">Kaleung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lavy_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lavy people (page does not exist)">Lavy</a> (Lawi)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General grouping</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lao_Loum" title="Lao Loum">Lao Loum</a></b> (Lowland)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lao_Theung" title="Lao Theung">Lao Theung</a></b> (Highland)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lao_Sung" title="Lao Sung">Lao Sung</a></b> (Hill)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/16px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/24px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/32px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Laos" title="Portal:Laos">Laos portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370868#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370868#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370868#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1182469/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4474189-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85149005">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11962613k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11962613k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00574383">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jaové"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph903398&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX547683">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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