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Osmium – Wikipedia

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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg/20px-Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg/30px-Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg/40px-Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Osmium</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipediasta</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Siirry navigaatioon</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Siirry hakuun</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fi" dir="ltr"><p><span></span> </p> <table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; margin-left: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; text-align:left; font-size: 90%; width: 300px; clear: all;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <table align="center" border="0"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium">Renium</a> &#8592; <b>Osmium</b> &#8594; <a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="middle"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">Ru</a><br />&#8593;<br /><b>Os</b><br />&#8595;<br /><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a>&#160;&#160;<br />&#160;<br />&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tiedosto:Os-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Os-TableImage.svg/300px-Os-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Os-TableImage.svg/450px-Os-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Os-TableImage.svg/600px-Os-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="203" /></a></span><br /> </p> <div align="right"><small> <a href="/wiki/Alkuaineiden_jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4#Ryhmät_ja_jaksot" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkuaineiden jaksollinen järjestelmä">Koko taulukko</a></small></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#E7E7E7"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><b>Yleistä</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nimi</td> <td>Osmium </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kemiallinen_merkki" title="Kemiallinen merkki">Tunnus</a></td> <td>Os </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rjestysluku_(kemia)" title="Järjestysluku (kemia)">Järjestysluku</a></td> <td>76 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luokka_(jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luokka (jaksollinen järjestelmä)">Luokka</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siirtym%C3%A4metalli" title="Siirtymämetalli">siirtymämetalli</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lohko_(jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4)" title="Lohko (jaksollinen järjestelmä)">Lohko</a></td> <td>d </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ryhm%C3%A4_(jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4)" title="Ryhmä (jaksollinen järjestelmä)">Ryhmä</a></td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jakso_(jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4)" title="Jakso (jaksollinen järjestelmä)">Jakso</a></td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tiheys" title="Tiheys">Tiheys</a></td><td>22,589<sup id="cite_ref-tiheys_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiheys-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;·&#160;10<sup>3</sup>&#160;kg/m<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Kovuus" title="Kovuus">Kovuus</a></td><td>7,0<sup id="cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemicool.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (Mohsin asteikko)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4ri" title="Väri">Väri</a></td><td>hopeinen, sinertävä</td> </tr><tr> <td>Löytövuosi, löytäjä</td> <td>1803, Smithson Tennant </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#E7E7E7"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><b>Atomiominaisuudet</b> </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Atomipaino" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomipaino">Atomipaino</a> (A<sub>r</sub>)</td><td>190,23<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Atomis%C3%A4de" title="Atomisäde">Atomisäde</a>, mitattu (laskennallinen)</td><td>185<sup id="cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemicool.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pikometri" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikometri">pm</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Kovalenttis%C3%A4de" class="mw-redirect" title="Kovalenttisäde">Kovalenttisäde</a></td><td>128 pm</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Atomiorbitaali" title="Atomiorbitaali">Orbitaalirakenne</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ksenon" title="Ksenon">[Xe]</a> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Elektroni" title="Elektroni">Elektroneja</a> <a href="/wiki/Elektronikuori" title="Elektronikuori">elektronikuorilla</a> </td><td>2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hapetusluku" title="Hapetusluku">Hapetusluvut</a></td><td>II, IV, VII</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Kiderakenne" title="Kiderakenne">Kiderakenne</a></td><td>heksagonaalinen</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#E7E7E7"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><b>Fysikaaliset ominaisuudet</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olomuoto" title="Olomuoto">Olomuoto</a></td> <td>kiinteä </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Sulamispiste" title="Sulamispiste">Sulamispiste</a></td><td>3&#160;303&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>&#32;(3&#160;030<sup id="cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemicool.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Celsiusaste" title="Celsiusaste">°C</a>)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Kiehumispiste" title="Kiehumispiste">Kiehumispiste</a></td><td>5&#160;285&#160;K&#32;(5&#160;012<sup id="cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemicool.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;°C)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Moolitilavuus" title="Moolitilavuus">Moolitilavuus</a></td><td>-&#160;·&#160;10<sup>&#8722;3</sup>&#160;m<sup>3</sup>/mol</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6yrystymisl%C3%A4mp%C3%B6" title="Höyrystymislämpö">Höyrystymislämpö</a></td><td>789<sup id="cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemicool.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Sulamisl%C3%A4mp%C3%B6" title="Sulamislämpö">Sulamislämpö</a></td><td>31,80<sup id="cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemicool.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/%C3%84%C3%A4nen_nopeus" title="Äänen nopeus">Äänen nopeus</a></td><td>4940 <a href="/wiki/Metri_sekunnissa" title="Metri sekunnissa">m/s</a> 273,15 K:ssa</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#E7E7E7"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><b>Muuta</b> </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Elektronegatiivisuus" title="Elektronegatiivisuus">Elektronegatiivisuus</a></td><td>2,2<sup id="cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemicool.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Paulingin_asteikko" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulingin asteikko">Paulingin asteikko</a>)</td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ominaisl%C3%A4mp%C3%B6kapasiteetti" title="Ominaislämpökapasiteetti">Ominaislämpökapasiteetti</a></td> <td>0,130 kJ/(kg&#160;K) </td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4hk%C3%B6njohtavuus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sähkönjohtavuus">Sähkönjohtavuus</a></td><td>12,3×10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Siemens_(yksikk%C3%B6)" title="Siemens (yksikkö)">S</a>/m</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4mm%C3%B6njohtavuus" title="Lämmönjohtavuus">Lämmönjohtavuus</a></td><td>87,6<sup id="cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemicool.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Watti_kelvinmetri%C3%A4_kohti" class="mw-redirect" title="Watti kelvinmetriä kohti">W/(m·K)</a></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/CAS-numero" title="CAS-numero">CAS-numero</a></td><td>7440-04-2 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#E7E7E7"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><small>Tiedot <a href="/wiki/NTP" title="NTP">normaalilämpötilassa ja -paineessa</a></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Tiedosto:Osmium_cluster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Osmium_cluster.jpg/250px-Osmium_cluster.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Osmium_cluster.jpg/375px-Osmium_cluster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Osmium_cluster.jpg/500px-Osmium_cluster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2060" data-file-height="1892" /></a><figcaption>Osmiumkiteitä</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Osmium</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latina" title="Latina">lat.</a> <span lang="la"><i> osmium</i></span>) on <a href="/wiki/Siirtym%C3%A4alkuaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Siirtymäalkuaine">siirtymäalkuaineisiin</a> kuuluva <a href="/wiki/Metalli" title="Metalli">metallinen</a> alkuaine. Se on <a href="/wiki/Jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Jaksollinen järjestelmä">jaksollisessa järjestelmässä</a> 76. alkuaine ja sen <a href="/wiki/Kemiallinen_merkki" title="Kemiallinen merkki">kemiallinen merkki</a> on <b>Os</b>. Osmiumin <a href="/wiki/Sulamispiste" title="Sulamispiste">sulamispiste</a> on 3&#160;030&#160;°C ja <a href="/wiki/Atomipaino" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomipaino">atomipaino</a> 190,23. Se on <a href="/wiki/Jalometalli" title="Jalometalli">jalometalli</a> ja kuuluu <a href="/wiki/Platinametallit" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinametallit">platinametallien</a> ryhmään. Osmium on tihein luonnollisesti esiintyvä alkuaine ja luonnossa hyvinkin harvinaista. </p><p>Osmiumin löysi 1803 <a href="/wiki/Smithson_Tennant" title="Smithson Tennant">Smithson Tennant</a> liuottaessaan <a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">platinaa</a> <a href="/wiki/Kuningasvesi" title="Kuningasvesi">kuningasveteen</a>. Tällöin jäi musta aines, jonka hän todisti myöhemmin koostuvan osmiumista ja <a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">iridiumista</a>. Osmiumilla on hyvin vähän käyttökohteita; sitä voidaan käyttää <a href="/wiki/Lejeerinki" class="mw-redirect" title="Lejeerinki">metalliseoksissa</a> vahvikkeena sekä muun muassa sähkölaitteiden <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosketin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosketin (sivua ei ole)">kosketinpinnoissa</a>. Osmium itsessään ei ole ihmiselle haitallista, mutta sen pinnalta haihtuva <a href="/wiki/Osmiumtetroksidi" title="Osmiumtetroksidi">osmiumtetroksidi</a> on myrkyllinen. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="fi" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sisällys</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Ominaisuudet"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Ominaisuudet</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Historia"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Historia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Esiintyminen_ja_valmistus"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Esiintyminen ja valmistus</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Käyttö"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Käyttö</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Isotoopit"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Isotoopit</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Haitallisuus"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Haitallisuus</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Huomautukset"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Huomautukset</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Lähteet"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Lähteet</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Aiheesta_muualla"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Aiheesta muualla</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ominaisuudet">Ominaisuudet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Muokkaa osiota Ominaisuudet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muokkaa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Muokkaa osion lähdekoodia: Ominaisuudet"><span>muokkaa wikitekstiä</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eri yhdisteissä osmiumilla esiintyvät <a href="/wiki/Hapetusluku" title="Hapetusluku">hapetusluvut</a> +II, +IV ja +VIII, joista viimeksi mainittu esiintyy <a href="/wiki/Osmiumtetroksidi" title="Osmiumtetroksidi">osmiumtetroksidissa</a> (OsO<sub>4</sub>).<sup id="cite_ref-webelements.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelements.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Osmium on kemiallisesti varsin passiivinen alkuaine, joka luetaan <a href="/wiki/Jalometalli" title="Jalometalli">jalometalleihin</a>. Hienojakoisena jauheena se yhtyy ilman <a href="/wiki/Happi" title="Happi">hapen</a> kanssa helposti haihtuvaksi osmiumtetroksidiksi, joka on erittäin <a href="/wiki/Myrkky" title="Myrkky">myrkyllistä</a>. Osmium reagoi myös lämmittäessä ilman hapen kanssa. Se ei normaalisti reagoi <a href="/wiki/Happo" title="Happo">happojen</a> kanssa, paitsi kuuman <a href="/wiki/Typpihappo" title="Typpihappo">typpihapon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rikkihappo" title="Rikkihappo">rikkihapon</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Kuningasvesi" title="Kuningasvesi">kuningasveden</a> kanssa. Osmium reagoi myös korkeissa lämpötiloissa <a href="/wiki/Halogeeni" title="Halogeeni">halogeenien</a> kanssa muodostaen osmoniumfluorideja, -klorideja, -bromideja ja -jodideja. Tämän lisäksi se voi muodostaa <a href="/wiki/Karbonyyli" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbonyyli">karbonyyliyhdisteitä</a> sekä reagoida <a href="/wiki/Happiryhm%C3%A4" title="Happiryhmä">happiryhmän</a> alkuaineiden kanssa. Osmiumtetroksidi on pahanhajuista. Osmiumilla on myös toinen oksidi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmiumdioksidi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Osmiumdioksidi (sivua ei ole)">osmiumdioksidi</a> (OsO<sub>2</sub>).<sup id="cite_ref-infoplease.com_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infoplease.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-webelements.com_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelements.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HS_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>Osmium muodostaa kaikilla yleisimmillä hapetusasteillaan <a href="/wiki/Kompleksi_(kemia)" title="Kompleksi (kemia)">kompleksiyhdisteitä</a>. Tyypillisiä ligandeja ovat emäksiset typpiyhdisteet kuten <a href="/wiki/Ammoniakki" title="Ammoniakki">ammoniakki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amiini" class="mw-redirect" title="Amiini">amiinit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyridiini" title="Pyridiini">pyridiini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bipyridiini&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bipyridiini (sivua ei ole)">bipyridiini</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Fenantroliini" title="Fenantroliini">fenantroliini</a>. Myös alkeeni- ja bentseenikomplekseja tunnetaan. Eräiden bipyridyyli- ja polypyridyylien soveltuvuutta katalyyteiksi ja lääketieteellisiin käyttökohteisiin on tutkittu.<sup id="cite_ref-ullmann_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ullmann-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kirk-othmer2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirk-othmer2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Osmium on kova, kiiltävä, sinertävänvalkoinen tai hopeinen metalli. Huolimatta kovuudestaan osmium on melko haurasta. Osmiumia ei voi muotoilla kuten muita metalleja, mikä vähentää sen käyttömahdollisuuksia. Osmiumin tiheys huoneenlämpötilassa on 22,589 × 10<sup>3</sup> kg/m<sup>3</sup><sup id="cite_ref-tiheys_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiheys-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Se on tihein alkuaine kaikista, joiden tiheys on voitu kokeellisesti mitata; se on hieman <a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">iridiumia</a> tiheämpi ja yli kaksi kertaa niin tiheä kuin <a href="/wiki/Lyijy" title="Lyijy">lyijy</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Sen <a href="/wiki/Kiderakenne" title="Kiderakenne">kiderakenne</a> on heksagoninen.<sup id="cite_ref-HS_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chemicalelements.com_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemicalelements.com-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chemistryexplained.com_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemistryexplained.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Osmiumilla on <a href="/wiki/Platinaryhm%C3%A4" title="Platinaryhmä">platinaryhmän</a> alkuaineista korkein sulamispiste (3&#160;303 kelviniä). Sen kiehumispiste on 5&#160;285 kelviniä.<sup id="cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemicool.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Muokkaa osiota Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muokkaa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Muokkaa osion lähdekoodia: Historia"><span>muokkaa wikitekstiä</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vuonna 1803 <a href="/wiki/Smithson_Tennant" title="Smithson Tennant">Smithson Tennant</a> koetti liuottaa <a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">platinaa</a> kuningasveteen, jolloin jäljelle jäi musta aines, joka ei liuennut. Happokäsittelyn avulla hän sai eroteltua tästä aineksesta osmiumin lisäksi <a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">iridiumia</a>. Osmium nimettiin sen hajun perusteella: <i>osme</i> tarkoittaa kreikaksi hajua. Todellisuudessa hajun tuottaa osmiumin oksidi <a href="/wiki/Osmiumtetroksidi" title="Osmiumtetroksidi">osmiumtetroksidi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HS_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Esiintyminen_ja_valmistus">Esiintyminen ja valmistus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Muokkaa osiota Esiintyminen ja valmistus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muokkaa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Muokkaa osion lähdekoodia: Esiintyminen ja valmistus"><span>muokkaa wikitekstiä</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osmium esiintyy platinamalmeissa <a href="/wiki/Metalliseos" title="Metalliseos">lejeerinkinä</a>. Yleensä osmiumin ja platinan kanssa yhdessä esiintyvät myös <a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">rodium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">rutenium</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">palladium</a>. Osmium on lähes aina seoksena <a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">iridiumin</a> kanssa. Osmiumia esiintyy <a href="/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4" title="Venäjä">Venäjällä</a> sekä Pohjois- ja Etelä-Amerikassa. Keskimäärin osmiumia on 1,5 <a href="/wiki/Ppb" class="mw-redirect" title="Ppb">ppb</a> (massa), mikä tekee siitä yhden harvinaisimmista alkuaineista. Yleensä osmiumia saadaan <a href="/wiki/Nikkeli" title="Nikkeli">nikkelin</a> jalostamisen sivutuotteena, ja sitä tuotetaan vuosittain vain noin 100&#160;kg. 100 grammaa puhdasta osmiumia maksaa noin 5&#160;430 euroa. Suurin osa osmiumista tuotetaan <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadassa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HS_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-infoplease.com_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infoplease.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemicool.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chemistryexplained.com_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemistryexplained.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perinteinen osmiumin erotusmenetelmä muista jalometalleista on monivaiheinen, eikä kovin tehokas. Malmin sisältämät kulta, platina ja palladium liukenevat kuningasveteen ja liukenemattoman osmiumin lisäksi iridiumia, <a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">ruteniumia</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">rodiumia</a> sisältävä jäännös kuumennetaan <a href="/wiki/Lyijykarbonaatti" title="Lyijykarbonaatti">lyijykarbonaatin</a> ja hiilen kanssa niin, että muodostuu sula materiaali. Näin muodostuu arvokkaat metallit sisältävä lyijyfaasi, josta jäähdytyksen jälkeen poistetaan kuona. Tämä faasi sulatetaan ja siitä valmistetaan rakeita, jotka liuotetaan typpihappoon lyijyn poistamiseksi. Liukenemattomasta jäännöksestä saadaan <a href="/wiki/Natriumvetysulfaatti" title="Natriumvetysulfaatti">natriumvetysulfaatin</a> avulla rodium poistettua. Tämän jälkeen jäännös käsitellään <a href="/wiki/Natriumperoksidi" title="Natriumperoksidi">natriumperoksidilla</a>, jolloin osmium muodostaa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natriumosmaatti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Natriumosmaatti (sivua ei ole)">natriumosmaattia</a>. Natriumosmaatti reagoi <a href="/wiki/Kloori" title="Kloori">kloorin</a> kanssa helposti haihtuvaksi osmiumtetroksidiksi, joka puhdistetaan tislaamalla ja voidaan pelkistää osmiumiksi esimerkiksi <a href="/wiki/Natriumboorihydridi" title="Natriumboorihydridi">natriumboorihydridin</a> avulla. Vaihtoehtoisesti osmaatti voidaan pelkistää <a href="/wiki/Formaldehydi" title="Formaldehydi">formaldehydin</a> avulla.<sup id="cite_ref-kirk-othmer_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirk-othmer-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ullmann_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ullmann-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Työlään perinteisen menetelmän tilalle on kehitetty liuotinuuttomenetelmä, jossa muut metallit saadaan erotettua käyttämällä spesifisiä sopivia komplekseja muodostavia liuottimia. Tämän jälkeen osmium ja rutenium erotetaan tosistaan oksideina.<sup id="cite_ref-kirk-othmer_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirk-othmer-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ullmann_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ullmann-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Käyttö"><span id="K.C3.A4ytt.C3.B6"></span>Käyttö</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Muokkaa osiota Käyttö" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muokkaa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Muokkaa osion lähdekoodia: Käyttö"><span>muokkaa wikitekstiä</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osmiumia ei voida sulattaa ja muokata samalla tavalla kuin muita metalleja, joten sen käyttö jää melko vähäiseksi. Osmiumia käytetään esimerkiksi täytekynien kärkiin, sähkölaitteisiin, instrumenttien kärjissä sekä <a href="/wiki/Kompassi" title="Kompassi">kompasseissa</a>. Aikoinaan sitä käytettiin myös <a href="/wiki/Hehkulamppu" title="Hehkulamppu">hehkulamppujen</a> hehkulangoissa. Osmiumlankaiset lamput kuitenkin hajosivat helposti, minkä vuoksi osmium korvattiin pian <a href="/wiki/Tantaali" title="Tantaali">tantaalilla</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Volframi" title="Volframi">volframilla</a>. Osmiumia on käytetty myös <a href="/wiki/Sormenj%C3%A4lki" title="Sormenjälki">sormenjälkien</a> etsimiseen, sillä osmium reagoi pienenkin rasvamäärän kanssa.<sup id="cite_ref-HS_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chemicalelements.com_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemicalelements.com-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Osmiumia käytetään usein muiden metallien kanssa <a href="/wiki/Metalliseos" title="Metalliseos">seoksina</a>, jolloin saadaan yleensä erittäin kovia materiaaleja. Platinan (90&#160;%) ja osmiumin (10&#160;%) seos on eräs tällainen lejeerinki. Osmiumseoksia on väitetty käytettävän sydämentahdistimissa ja sydämen keinoläpissä,<sup id="cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemicool.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> mutta tämä ei pidä paikkaansa.<sup id="cite_ref-Arnold_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnold-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Osmiumtetroksidi on ainoa osmiumin yhdiste, jolla on kaupallista merkitystä. Osmiumtetroksidia voidaan käyttää orgaanisessa kemiassa katalyyttinä, kun <a href="/wiki/Kaksoissidos" title="Kaksoissidos">kaksoissidoksesta</a> halutaan <a href="/wiki/Dioli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioli">dioli</a>. Osmiumia voidaan käyttää myös <a href="/wiki/Ammoniakki" title="Ammoniakki">ammoniakin</a> syntetisoinnin katalyyttinä.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chemistryexplained.com_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemistryexplained.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotoopit">Isotoopit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Muokkaa osiota Isotoopit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muokkaa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Muokkaa osion lähdekoodia: Isotoopit"><span>muokkaa wikitekstiä</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osmiumilla on useita stabiileja isotooppeja. Suurin osa luonnossa esiintyvästä osmiumista on isotooppia <sup>192</sup>Os, jonka osuus on 41&#160;% kaikesta osmiumista. Muita yleisiä ovat <sup>190</sup>Os, <sup>189</sup>Os ja <sup>188</sup>Os. Osmiumin ytimessä on 76 protonia, ja neutronien määrä vaihtelee 86:n ja 120:n välillä.<sup id="cite_ref-ie.lbl_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ie.lbl-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotooppi" title="Isotooppi">Isotooppi</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Puoliintumisaika" title="Puoliintumisaika">Puoliintumisaika</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Radioaktiivinen_hajoaminen" title="Radioaktiivinen hajoaminen">Hajoamistyyppi</a> <br /> Osuus<sup>1</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><sup>162</sup>Os</td> <td>1,9 ms</td> <td>α </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>163</sup>Os</td> <td>?</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>164</sup>Os</td> <td>21 ms</td> <td>α (98&#160;%), EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>165</sup>Os</td> <td>75 ms</td> <td>α (&gt; 60&#160;%), EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>166</sup>Os</td> <td>181 ms</td> <td>α (72&#160;%), EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>167</sup>Os</td> <td>0,83 s</td> <td>α (67&#160;%), EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>168</sup>Os</td> <td>2,1 s</td> <td>α (44&#160;%), EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>169</sup>Os</td> <td>3,4 s</td> <td>α (11&#160;%), EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>170</sup>Os</td> <td>7,3 s</td> <td>α (12&#160;%), EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>171</sup>Os</td> <td>8,0 s</td> <td>α (1,7&#160;%), EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>172</sup>Os</td> <td>19,2</td> <td>α (1,0&#160;%), EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>173</sup>Os</td> <td>16 s</td> <td>α (&lt; 0,1&#160;%), EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>174</sup>Os</td> <td>44 s</td> <td>α (&lt; 0,1&#160;%), EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>175</sup>Os</td> <td>1,4 min</td> <td>EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>176</sup>Os</td> <td>3,6 min</td> <td>EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>177</sup>Os</td> <td>2,8 min</td> <td>EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>178</sup>Os</td> <td>5,0 min</td> <td>EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>179</sup>Os</td> <td>6,5 min</td> <td>EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>180</sup>Os</td> <td>21,5 min</td> <td>EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>181</sup>Os</td> <td>105 min</td> <td>EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>181m</sup>Os</td> <td>2,7 min</td> <td>EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>182</sup>Os</td> <td>22,10 h</td> <td>EC </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td width="15">&#160; </td> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Isotooppi</th> <th>Puoliintumisaika</th> <th>Hajoamistyyppi <br /> Osuus<sup>1</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><sup>183</sup>Os</td> <td>13,0 h</td> <td>EC, β<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>183m</sup>Os</td> <td>9,9 h</td> <td>EC, β<sup>+</sup>, IT (15&#160;%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>184</sup>Os</td> <td>5,6 × 10<sup>13</sup> a</td> <td>0,02&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>185</sup>Os</td> <td>93,6 d</td> <td>EC </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>186</sup>Os</td> <td>2,0 × 10<sup>15</sup> a</td> <td>1,58&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>187</sup>Os</td> <td>stabiili</td> <td>1,6&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>188</sup>Os</td> <td>stabiili</td> <td>13,3&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>189</sup>Os</td> <td>stabiili</td> <td>16,1&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>189m</sup>Os</td> <td>5,8 h</td> <td>IT </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>190</sup>Os</td> <td>stabiili</td> <td>26,4&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>190m</sup>Os</td> <td>9,9 min</td> <td>IT </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>191</sup>Os</td> <td>15,4 d</td> <td>β<sup>-</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>191m</sup>Os</td> <td>13,10 h</td> <td>IT </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>192</sup>Os</td> <td>stabiili</td> <td>41,0&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>192m</sup>Os</td> <td>5,9 s</td> <td>IT, β<sup>-</sup> (&lt; 13&#160;%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>193</sup>Os</td> <td>30,11 h</td> <td>β<sup>-</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>194</sup>Os</td> <td>6,0 a</td> <td>β<sup>-</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>195</sup>Os</td> <td>6,5 min</td> <td>β<sup>-</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>196</sup>Os</td> <td>34,9 min</td> <td>β<sup>-</sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><sup>1</sup> = Osuus kaikesta luonnossa esiintyvästä osmiumista. <br /> Ilmoitetaan stabiileille ja erittäin pitkäikäisille isotoopeille. <br /> Lähde:<sup id="cite_ref-ie.lbl_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ie.lbl-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td width="15">&#160; </td> <td valign="top"> <p>EC = <a href="/wiki/Elektronisieppaus" title="Elektronisieppaus">Elektronisieppaus</a> <br /> α = <a href="/wiki/Alfahajoaminen" title="Alfahajoaminen">Alfahajoaminen</a> <br /> β<sup>+</sup> = <a href="/wiki/Beetahajoaminen" title="Beetahajoaminen">Beeta-plus-hajoaminen</a> <br /> β<sup>-</sup> = <a href="/wiki/Beetahajoaminen" title="Beetahajoaminen">Beeta-miinus-hajoaminen</a> <br /> IT = <a href="/wiki/Isomeerinen_transitio" title="Isomeerinen transitio">Isomeerinen transitio</a> <br /> m = Välitila tai virittynyt atomi </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Haitallisuus">Haitallisuus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Muokkaa osiota Haitallisuus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muokkaa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Muokkaa osion lähdekoodia: Haitallisuus"><span>muokkaa wikitekstiä</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osmium itsessään ei ole myrkyllistä, mutta sen palamistuote osmiumtetroksidi on myrkyllistä. Osmiumtetroksidia haihtuu metallisen osmiumin pinnalta korkeissa lämpötiloissa tai kun metallinen osmium on jauheena. Jo 0,11 mg osmiumtetroksidia kuutiometrissä voi aiheuttaa päänsärkyä sekä ärsytystä silmissä, iholla ja hengitysteissä.<sup id="cite_ref-HS_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Huomautukset">Huomautukset</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Muokkaa osiota Huomautukset" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muokkaa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Muokkaa osion lähdekoodia: Huomautukset"><span>muokkaa wikitekstiä</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="viitteet-malline" class="viitteet-malline" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Osmium on tiheintä kaikissa lämpötiloissa normaalipaineessa, mutta iridiumista tulee tiheämpää, jos paine nousee yli 2,98 GPa:n (huoneenlämpötilassa), missä pisteessä molempien metallien tiheydet ovat 22,750×10<sup>3</sup>&#160;kg/m<sup>3</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-tiheys_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiheys-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lähteet"><span id="L.C3.A4hteet"></span>Lähteet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Muokkaa osiota Lähteet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muokkaa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Muokkaa osion lähdekoodia: Lähteet"><span>muokkaa wikitekstiä</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="viitteet-malline" class="viitteet-malline" style="list-style-type:decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tiheys-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-tiheys_1-0"><sup><i>a</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiheys_1-1"><sup><i>b</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiheys_1-2"><sup><i>c</i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="lehtiviite" title="Lehtiviite">John W. Arblaster:&#32;Is Osmium Always the Densest Metal?&#32;<i>Johnson Matthey Technology Review</i>,&#32;1.7.2014, 58. vsk, nro 3.&#32;&#32;Johnson Matthey Plc.&#32;<a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1595%2F147106714x682337">10.1595/147106714x682337</a>&#32; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.technology.matthey.com/article/58/3/137-141/">Artikkelin verkkoversio</a>.&#32;Viitattu 26.11.2016.&#32;<span style="font-size: 0.95em; position: relative;">(englanniksi)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chemicool.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-0"><sup><i>a</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-1"><sup><i>b</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-2"><sup><i>c</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-3"><sup><i>d</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-4"><sup><i>e</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-5"><sup><i>f</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-6"><sup><i>g</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-7"><sup><i>h</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-8"><sup><i>i</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-9"><sup><i>j</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chemicool.com_2-10"><sup><i>k</i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="verkkoviite" title="Verkkoviite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemicool.com/elements/osmium.html">Osmium Element Facts</a>&#32;chemicool.com. Viitattu 15.6.2011.&#32;<span style="font-size: 0.95em; position: relative;">(englanniksi)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="lehtiviite" title="Lehtiviite">Michael T. Wieser &amp; Tyler B. Coplen:&#32;Atomic Weights of the Elements 2009 (IUPAC technical report).&#32;<i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>,&#32;2011, 83. vsk, nro 2.&#32;&#32;IUPAC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2011/pdf/8302x0359.pdf">Artikkelin verkkoversio</a>.&#32;Viitattu 16.4.2011.&#32;<span style="font-size: 0.95em; position: relative;">(englanniksi)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webelements.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-webelements.com_4-0"><sup><i>a</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelements.com_4-1"><sup><i>b</i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="verkkoviite" title="Verkkoviite">Mark Winter:&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/osmium/compounds.html">Osmium compounds</a>&#32;webelements.com. Viitattu 15.6.2011.&#32;<span style="font-size: 0.95em; position: relative;">(englanniksi)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-infoplease.com-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-infoplease.com_5-0"><sup><i>a</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-infoplease.com_5-1"><sup><i>b</i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="verkkoviite" title="Verkkoviite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0836994.html">Osmium</a>&#32;infoplease.com. Viitattu 15.6.2011.&#32;<span style="font-size: 0.95em; position: relative;">(englanniksi)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HS-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-HS_6-0"><sup><i>a</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HS_6-1"><sup><i>b</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HS_6-2"><sup><i>c</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HS_6-3"><sup><i>d</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HS_6-4"><sup><i>e</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HS_6-5"><sup><i>f</i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="verkkoviite" title="Verkkoviite">Marko Hamilo:&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.hs.fi/extrat/teemasivut/tiedeluonto/alkuaineet/76.html">Tihein metalli haisee pahalle</a>&#32;<i>Helsingin Sanomat</i>.&#32; 7.2.2006.&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100210124023/http://www2.hs.fi/extrat/teemasivut/tiedeluonto/alkuaineet/76.html">Arkistoitu</a> 10.2.2010. Viitattu 12.7.2010.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ullmann-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ullmann_7-0"><sup><i>a</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ullmann_7-1"><sup><i>b</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ullmann_7-2"><sup><i>c</i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Renner ym.: <i>Platinum Group Metals and Compounds, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</i>, John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York, 2002 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.libproxy.aalto.fi/doi/10.1002/14356007.a21_075/abstract">Teoksen verkkoversio</a> Viitattu 15.06.2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kirk-othmer2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-kirk-othmer2_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christen M. Giandomenico: <i>Platinum-Group Metals, Compounds, Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology</i>, John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York, 2001 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.libproxy.aalto.fi/doi/10.1002/0471238961.1612012007090114.a01/abstract">Teoksen verkkoversio</a> Viitattu 15.06.2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chemicalelements.com-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-chemicalelements.com_10-0"><sup><i>a</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chemicalelements.com_10-1"><sup><i>b</i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="verkkoviite" title="Verkkoviite">Yinon Bentor:&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/os.html">Basic Information</a>&#32;chemicalelements.com. Viitattu 15.6.2011.&#32;<span style="font-size: 0.95em; position: relative;">(englanniksi)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chemistryexplained.com-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-chemistryexplained.com_11-0"><sup><i>a</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chemistryexplained.com_11-1"><sup><i>b</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chemistryexplained.com_11-2"><sup><i>c</i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="verkkoviite" title="Verkkoviite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/L-P/Osmium.html">Osmium, Chemical Element</a>&#32;chemistryexplained.com. Viitattu 15.6.2011.&#32;<span style="font-size: 0.95em; position: relative;">(englanniksi)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kirk-othmer-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-kirk-othmer_12-0"><sup><i>a</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirk-othmer_12-1"><sup><i>b</i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard J. Seymour &amp; Julia I. O'Farrelly: <i>Platinum-Group Metals, Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology</i>, John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York, 2001 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.libproxy.aalto.fi/doi/10.1002/0471238961.1612012019052513.a01.pub2/abstract">Teoksen verkkoversio</a> Viitattu 15.06.2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="verkkoviite" title="Verkkoviite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/os.htm">Osmium - Os</a>&#32;lenntech.com. Viitattu 15.6.2011.&#32;<span style="font-size: 0.95em; position: relative;">(englanniksi)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arnold-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Arnold_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="lehtiviite" title="Lehtiviite">Girolami, Gregory S.:&#32;Osmium weighs in.&#32;<i>Nature Chemistry</i>,&#32;marraskuu 2012, 4. vsk.&#32;&#32;Macmillan Publishers Limited. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nchem.1479.pdf">Artikkelin verkkoversio</a>.&#32;<small>(pdf)</small>&#32;Viitattu 13.10.2019.&#32;<span style="font-size: 0.95em; position: relative;">(englanniksi)</span></span> Lainaus: "An urban legend is that osmium alloys are used in some surgical implants such as cardiac pacemakers and replacement heart valves, when in fact such alloys have never been used in these devices."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="verkkoviite" title="Verkkoviite">Ian Hunt:&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/350/Carey5th/Ch15/ch15-3-3.html">Hydroxylation of Alkenes</a>&#32;University of Calgary. Viitattu 15.6.2011.&#32;<span style="font-size: 0.95em; position: relative;">(englanniksi)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ie.lbl-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ie.lbl_16-0"><sup><i>a</i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ie.lbl_16-1"><sup><i>b</i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="verkkoviite" title="Verkkoviite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ie.lbl.gov/education/parent/Os_iso.htm">Isotopes of Osmium (Z=76)</a>&#32;ie.lbl.gov. 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vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Muissa hankkeissa</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Osmium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q751" title="Linkki yhdistettyyn keskustietovaraston kohteeseen [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-kohde</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Muilla kielillä</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%88%B5%E1%88%9A%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ኦስሚየም — amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኦስሚየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="ओज़मियम — angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ओज़मियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="أوزميوم — arabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوزميوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmio" title="Osmio — aragonia" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Osmio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Օսմիոն — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Օսմիոն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmiu" title="Osmiu — aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Osmiu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmiu" title="Osmiu — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Osmiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — azeri" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — malaiji" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="অসমিয়াম — bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অসমিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — min nan -kiina" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan -kiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Осмий — baškiiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Осмий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Осмій — valkovenäjä" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Осмій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valkovenäjä" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC" title="Осм — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Осм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="ऑस्मियम — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ऑस्मियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmyo" title="Osmyo — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Osmyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨོ་སི་མིམ། — tiibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨོ་སི་མིམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tiibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmij" title="Osmij — bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Osmij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmiom" title="Osmiom — bretoni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Osmiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Осмий — bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Осмий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmi" title="Osmi — katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Osmi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmyo" title="Osmyo — cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Osmyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Осмий — tšuvassi" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Осмий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — tšekki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšekki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmiu" title="Osmiu — korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Osmiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmiwm" title="Osmiwm — kymri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Osmiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kymri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — tanska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="tanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A4%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ؤسميوم — marokonarabia" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ؤسميوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokonarabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="suositeltu artikkeli"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — viro" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="viro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="suositeltu artikkeli"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Όσμιο — kreikka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όσμιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreikka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hyvä artikkeli"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — englanti" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="englanti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmio" title="Osmio — espanja" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Osmio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmio" title="Osmio — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Osmio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmio" title="Osmio — baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Osmio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85" title="اسمیم — persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسمیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — fidžinhindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fidžinhindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — fääri" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fääri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — ranska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ranska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmi" title="Osmi — friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Osmi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oismiam" title="Oismiam — iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oismiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — manksi" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — gaeli" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaeli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmio" title="Osmio — galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Osmio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%93%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="ઓસ્મીયમ — gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઓસ્મીયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — hakka-kiina" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka-kiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Осмиум — kalmukki" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Осмиум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmukki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%EB%AE%B4" title="오스뮴 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오스뮴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Օսմիում — armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օսմիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="ओस्मियम — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओस्मियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmij" title="Osmij — kroatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Osmij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmio" title="Osmio — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Osmio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Осмий — osseetti" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Осмий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseetti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmOsisivu" title="UmOsisivu — zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmOsisivu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osm%C3%ADn" title="Osmín — islanti" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Osmín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmio" title="Osmio — italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Osmio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="אוסמיום — heprea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוסמיום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heprea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%86s%C9%A9m%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Ɔsɩmɩyɔm — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɔsɩmɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆಸ್ಮಿಯಮ್ — kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಸ್ಮಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ოსმიუმი — georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოსმიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Осмий — kazakki" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Осмий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmiom" title="Osmiom — korni" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Osmiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Осмий — kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Осмий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Осмий — vuorimari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Осмий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="vuorimari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmi" title="Osmi — swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Osmi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Осмий — komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Осмий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmel" title="Osmel — kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Osmel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmiy%C3%BBm" title="Osmiyûm — kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Osmiyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmijs" title="Osmijs — latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Osmijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — luxemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmis" title="Osmis — liettua" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Osmis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="liettua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmio" title="Osmio — liguuri" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Osmio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — limburg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmii" title="Osmii — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Osmii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrbosmi" title="jinmrbosmi — lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrbosmi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92smio" title="Òsmio — lombardi" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Òsmio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozmium" title="Ozmium — unkari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ozmium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="unkari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Осмиум — makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Осмиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഓസ്മിയം — malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓസ്മിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="ओस्मियम — marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ओस्मियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="أوزميوم — egyptinarabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="أوزميوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptinarabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯑꯣꯁꯃꯤꯌꯝ — manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯣꯁꯃꯤꯌꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Осми — mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Осми" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="အော့စမီယမ် — burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အော့စမီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — hollanti" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollanti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="अस्मियम — newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अस्मियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9F%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="オスミウム — japani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オスミウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — pohjoisfriisi" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="pohjoisfriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — norjan bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norjan bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — norjan nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norjan nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92smi" title="Òsmi — oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Òsmi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmiy" title="Osmiy — uzbekki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Osmiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਓਸਮੀਅਮ — pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਓਸਮੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="अस्मियम — paali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="अस्मियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="paali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85" title="اوسمیم — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوسمیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="اوسميوم — paštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوسميوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92smio" title="Òsmio — piemonte" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Òsmio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — alasaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alasaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osm" title="Osm — puola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Osm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="puola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93smio" title="Ósmio — portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ósmio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmiu" title="Osmiu — romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Osmiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usmiyu" title="Usmiyu — ketšua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Usmiyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ketšua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Осмий — venäjä" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Осмий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="venäjä" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="अस्मियम — sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अस्मियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92smiu" title="Òsmiu — sardi" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Òsmiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — skotti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — saterlandinfriisi" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandinfriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmiumi" title="Osmiumi — albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Osmiumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92smiu" title="Òsmiu — sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Òsmiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — slovakki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmij" title="Osmij — sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Osmij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmiyaam" title="Osmiyaam — somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Osmiyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="ئۆزمیۆم — soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆزمیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Осмијум — serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Осмијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmijum" title="Osmijum — serbokroaatti" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Osmijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaatti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — ruotsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ruotsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmiyo" title="Osmiyo — tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Osmiyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஓசுமியம் — tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓசுமியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Осмий — tataari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Осмий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="ఆస్మియం — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆస్మియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ออสเมียม — thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออสเมียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmi" title="Osmi — vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Osmi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Осмий — tadžikki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Осмий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžikki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmiyum" title="Osmiyum — turkki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Osmiyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Осмій — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Осмій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85" title="اوزمیم — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوزمیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%89%D9%8A" title="ئوسمىي — uiguuri" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئوسمىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmii" title="Osmii — vepsä" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Osmii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsä" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%A8" title="鋨 — klassinen kiina" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鋨" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassinen kiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmyo" title="Osmyo — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Osmyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇 — wu-kiina" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锇" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="אסמיום — jiddiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אסמיום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium — joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Osmium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%A8" title="鋨 — kantoninkiina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鋨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoninkiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇 — kiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="锇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q751#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muokkaa kieltenvälisiä linkkejä" class="wbc-editpage">Muokkaa linkkejä</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sivua on viimeksi muutettu 13. syyskuuta 2024 kello 07.59.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teksti on saatavilla <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fi">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike</a> -lisenssillä; lisäehtoja voi sisältyä. 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