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<li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advances_in_small_arms_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advances_in_small_arms_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Advances in small arms technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advances_in_small_arms_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._rifle_Model_1900_.30_prototype" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._rifle_Model_1900_.30_prototype"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>U.S. rifle Model 1900 .30 prototype</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._rifle_Model_1900_.30_prototype-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._rifle_Model_1901_.30_prototype" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._rifle_Model_1901_.30_prototype"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>U.S. rifle Model 1901 .30 prototype</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._rifle_Model_1901_.30_prototype-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Adoption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I_and_interwar_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I_and_interwar_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>World War I and interwar use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I_and_interwar_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sniper_rifle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sniper_rifle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>Sniper rifle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sniper_rifle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_users" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_users"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>Foreign users</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_users-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korean_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korean_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Korean War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korean_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post–Korean_War_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post–Korean_War_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Post–Korean War service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post–Korean_War_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Specifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Users" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Users"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Users</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Users-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>General sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">M1903 Springfield</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield" title="M1903 Springfield – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="M1903 Springfield" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_M1903" title="Springfield M1903 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_M1903" title="Springfield M1903 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_M1903" title="Springfield M1903 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_M1903" title="Springfield M1903 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_M1903" title="Springfield M1903 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_M1903" title="Springfield M1903 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_M1903" title="Springfield M1903 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B0%DB%B3" title="اسپرینگفیلد ام۱۹۰۳ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپرینگفیلد ام۱۹۰۳" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_M1903" title="Springfield M1903 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%84%EB%A7%81%ED%95%84%EB%93%9C" title="M1903 스프링필드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="M1903 스프링필드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_M1903" title="Springfield M1903 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_M1903" title="Springfield M1903 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93_(%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94)" title="ספרינגפילד (רובה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספרינגפילד (רובה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield" title="M1903 Springfield – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="M1903 Springfield" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_M1903" title="Springfield M1903 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89M1903%E5%B0%8F%E9%8A%83" title="スプリングフィールドM1903小銃 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スプリングフィールドM1903小銃" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_M1903" title="Springfield M1903 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield-rifle_M1903" title="Springfield-rifle M1903 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Springfield-rifle M1903" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabin_Springfield_M1903" title="Karabin Springfield M1903 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karabin Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield" title="M1903 Springfield – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="M1903 Springfield" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_M1903" title="Springfield M1903 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield" title="M1903 Springfield – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="M1903 Springfield" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield_rifle" title="M1903 Springfield rifle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="M1903 Springfield rifle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_Model_1903" title="Springfield Model 1903 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Springfield Model 1903" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="M1903 Спрингфилд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="M1903 Спрингфилд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield" title="M1903 Springfield – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="M1903 Springfield" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_M1903" title="Springfield M1903 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield" title="M1903 Springfield – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="M1903 Springfield" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A11903_%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="เอ็ม1903 สปริงฟิลด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอ็ม1903 สปริงฟิลด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_M1903" title="Springfield M1903 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_M1903" title="Springfield M1903 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Springfield M1903" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield" title="M1903 Springfield – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="M1903 Springfield" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903%E6%98%A5%E7%94%B0%E6%AD%A5%E6%A7%8D" title="M1903春田步槍 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="M1903春田步槍" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American bolt-action main battle rifle</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hproduct" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="fn org"> U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1903 </span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M1903_Springfield_-_USA_-_30-06_-_Arm%C3%A9museum_noBG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/M1903_Springfield_-_USA_-_30-06_-_Arm%C3%A9museum_noBG.jpg/300px-M1903_Springfield_-_USA_-_30-06_-_Arm%C3%A9museum_noBG.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/M1903_Springfield_-_USA_-_30-06_-_Arm%C3%A9museum_noBG.jpg/450px-M1903_Springfield_-_USA_-_30-06_-_Arm%C3%A9museum_noBG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/M1903_Springfield_-_USA_-_30-06_-_Arm%C3%A9museum_noBG.jpg/600px-M1903_Springfield_-_USA_-_30-06_-_Arm%C3%A9museum_noBG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bolt-action_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolt-action rifle">Bolt-action rifle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In service</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1903–1936 (as the standard U.S. service rifle)</li><li>1936–1970s (as a U.S. Army sniper rifle)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Used by</th><td class="infobox-data">See <i><a href="#Users">Users</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Banana_Wars" title="Banana Wars">Banana Wars</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Intervention" class="mw-redirect" title="Siberian Intervention">Siberian Intervention</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Coto_War" title="Coto War">Coto War</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_revolution_of_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian revolution of 1952">Egyptian revolution of 1952</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Hukbalahap_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukbalahap Rebellion">Hukbalahap Rebellion</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a> (limited)</li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> (limited)</li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Designed</th><td class="infobox-data">1903<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1903</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory" title="Springfield Armory">Springfield Armory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Island_Arsenal" title="Rock Island Arsenal">Rock Island Arsenal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Remington_Arms_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Remington Arms Company">Remington Arms Company</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Corona" title="Smith Corona">Smith Corona</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Unit cost</th><td class="infobox-data">$41.35 (1938),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> equal to $895 now</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Produced</th><td class="infobox-data">1903<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1903</span>)</span>–1949<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1949</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> built</th><td class="infobox-data">3,004,079<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data">See <a href="#Variants">Variants</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">8.7 lb (3.9 kg)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">43.2 in (1,100 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">Barrel</a> length</th><td class="infobox-data">24 in (610 mm)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">Cartridge</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.30-03_Springfield" title=".30-03 Springfield">.30-03 Springfield</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06 Springfield</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)" title="Action (firearms)">Action</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">Bolt action</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">Rate of fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data">User dependent; usually 15 to 30 rounds per minute</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">Muzzle velocity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,800 ft/s (850 m/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Effective firing range</th><td class="infobox-data">100–300 yd (91–274 m)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Maximum firing range</th><td class="infobox-data">5,500 yd (5,000 m) with .30 M1 ball cartridge</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Feed system</th><td class="infobox-data">5- or 25-round (air service variant) internal <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)" title="Magazine (firearms)">box magazine</a> fed with 5-round <a href="/wiki/Stripper_clips" class="mw-redirect" title="Stripper clips">stripper clips</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Sights</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Flip-up rear sight graduated to 2,700 yd (2,500 m), blade post-type front sight</li><li><i>M1903A3</i>: Aperture rear sight, blade type front sight.</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Blade" title="Blade">Blade</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">Bayonet</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M1903-Springfield-Rifle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/M1903-Springfield-Rifle.jpg/300px-M1903-Springfield-Rifle.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/M1903-Springfield-Rifle.jpg/450px-M1903-Springfield-Rifle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/M1903-Springfield-Rifle.jpg/600px-M1903-Springfield-Rifle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>M1903 Springfield with loading clips</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>M1903 Springfield</b>, officially the <b>U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1903</b>, is an American five-round <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)" title="Magazine (firearms)">magazine</a>-fed, <a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">bolt-action</a> <a href="/wiki/Service_rifle" title="Service rifle">service</a> <a href="/wiki/Repeating_rifle" title="Repeating rifle">repeating rifle</a>, used primarily during the first half of the 20th century. </p><p>The M1903 was first used in combat during the <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201338_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201338-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it was officially adopted by the United States as the standard infantry rifle on 19 June 1903, where it saw service in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, and was replaced by the faster-firing <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_firearm" title="Semi-automatic firearm">semi-automatic</a> eight-round <a href="/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a> starting in 1936. However, the M1903 remained in service as a standard issue infantry rifle during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, since the U.S. entered the war without sufficient M1 rifles to arm all troops. It also remained in service as a <a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">sniper rifle</a> during World War II, the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. It remains popular as a civilian firearm, historical collector's piece, a competitive shooting rifle, and as a military drill rifle. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/M1903_Springfield" title="Special:EditPage/M1903 Springfield">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22M1903+Springfield%22">"M1903 Springfield"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22M1903+Springfield%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22M1903+Springfield%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22M1903+Springfield%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22M1903+Springfield%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22M1903+Springfield%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1898 <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">war with Spain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mauser_Model_1893" title="Mauser Model 1893">Mauser M1893</a> used by the Spanish Army gained a deadly reputation, particularly from the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">Battle of San Juan Hill</a>, where 750 Spanish regulars significantly delayed the advance of 15,000 US troops armed with outclassed <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Model_1892%E2%80%9399" title="Springfield Model 1892–99">Springfield Krag–Jørgensen</a> bolt-action rifles and older single-shot <a href="/wiki/Springfield_model_1873" title="Springfield model 1873">Springfield model 1873</a> <a href="/wiki/Trapdoor_mechanism" title="Trapdoor mechanism">trapdoor</a> rifles. The Spanish soldiers inflicted 1,400 casualties on the US in a matter of minutes. Likewise, earlier in the day, a Spanish force of 540 regulars armed with the same Mauser rifles, under Spanish general Vara Del Rey, held off General <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ware_Lawton" title="Henry Ware Lawton">Henry Ware Lawton</a>'s Second Division of 6,653 American soldiers and an independent brigade of 1,800 men for ten hours in the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_El_Caney" title="Battle of El Caney">El Caney</a>, keeping that division from assisting in the attack on the San Juan Heights. A US Army board of investigation was commissioned as a direct result of both battles. They recommended replacement of the Krag. </p><p>The 1903 adoption of the M1903 was preceded by nearly 30 years of struggle and politics, using lessons learned from the recently adopted Krag–Jørgensen and contemporary German Mauser <a href="/wiki/Gewehr_98" title="Gewehr 98">Gewehr 98</a> bolt-action rifles. The design itself is largely based on the Mauser M1893 and its successive models up to the Gewehr 98 rifle. The M1903's forward receiver ring diameter is 1.305 in (33.15 mm), slightly over the 33 mm (1.30 in) ring diameter of the older "small ring" Mauser models and less than the "large ring" 35.8 mm (1.41 in) Gewehr 98s. The US military licensed many of the Mauser Company's and other German patents, including the spitzer bullet, later modified into the .30-06 Springfield.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The M1903 not only replaced the various versions of the U.S. Army's Krag, but also the <a href="/wiki/M1895_Lee_Navy" title="M1895 Lee Navy">Lee M1895</a> and <a href="/wiki/M1885_Remington%E2%80%93Lee" title="M1885 Remington–Lee">M1885 Remington–Lee</a> used by the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps, as well as all remaining single-shot trapdoor rifles. While the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Model_1892-99" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield Model 1892-99">Krag</a> had been issued with barrel lengths of both 30-inch rifle and 22-inch <a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">carbine</a> models, the Springfield was issued only as a short 24-inch-barrel rifle in keeping with current trends in Switzerland and Great Britain to eliminate the need for both long rifles and carbines.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two main problems usually cited with the Krag were its slow-to-load magazine and its inability to handle higher chamber pressures for high-velocity rounds. The United States Army attempted to introduce a higher-velocity cartridge in 1899 for the existing Krags, but its single locking lug on the bolt could not withstand the extra chamber pressure. Though a <a href="/wiki/Stripper_clip" title="Stripper clip">stripper-clip</a> or charger loading modification to the Krag was designed, it was clear to Army authorities that a new rifle was required. After the U.S. military's experience with the Mauser rifle in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">1898 Spanish–American War</a>, authorities decided to adopt a stronger Mauser-derived bolt-action design equipped with a charger- or stripper clip-loaded box magazine. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teddy_on_a_white_horse_with_a_M1903.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Teddy_on_a_white_horse_with_a_M1903.jpg/220px-Teddy_on_a_white_horse_with_a_M1903.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Teddy_on_a_white_horse_with_a_M1903.jpg/330px-Teddy_on_a_white_horse_with_a_M1903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Teddy_on_a_white_horse_with_a_M1903.jpg/440px-Teddy_on_a_white_horse_with_a_M1903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> with a M1903</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advances_in_small_arms_technology">Advances in small arms technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Advances in small arms technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1882, the bolt action <a href="/wiki/M1885_Remington%E2%80%93Lee" title="M1885 Remington–Lee">Remington Lee rifle</a> design of 1879, with its newly invented detachable box magazine, was purchased in limited numbers by the U.S. Navy. Several hundred M1882 Lee Navy models (M1882 Remington-Lee) were also subjected to trials by the U.S. Army during the 1880s, though the rifle was not formally adopted. The Navy adopted the M1885, and later different style Lee M1895 (a 6 mm straight pull bolt), which saw service in the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>. In Army service, both the M1885 and M1895 6 mm Lee were used in the Spanish–American War, along with the .30-40 Krag and the .45-70. The Lee rifle's detachable box magazine was invented by <a href="/wiki/James_Paris_Lee" title="James Paris Lee">James Paris Lee</a>, and was very influential on later rifle designs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Other advancements had made it clear that the Army needed a replacement. In 1892, the U.S. military held a series of rifle trials, resulting in the adoption of the .30-40 Krag–Jørgensen rifle. The Krag officially entered U.S. service in 1894, only to be replaced nine years later by the M1903. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thousands of Spanish Mauser M1893 rifles, surrendered by Spanish troops in Cuba, were returned to the US and extensively studied at <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory" title="Springfield Armory">Springfield Armory</a>, where it was decided that the Mauser was the superior design. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="U.S._rifle_Model_1900_.30_prototype">U.S. rifle Model 1900 .30 prototype</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: U.S. rifle Model 1900 .30 prototype"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A prototype rifle was produced in 1900; it was very similar to rifle No. 5, the final Mauser M92 prototype in the U.S. Army rifle trials of 1892. This design was rejected, and a new design combining features of the M1898 Krag rifle and the Spanish Mauser M1893 was developed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="U.S._rifle_Model_1901_.30_prototype">U.S. rifle Model 1901 .30 prototype</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: U.S. rifle Model 1901 .30 prototype"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Springfield began work on creating a rifle that could handle higher loads around the turn of the 20th century. The Springfield Model 1901 prototype combined the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Model_1892-99" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield Model 1892-99">Krag–Jørgensen</a>'s cock-on-opening bolt, 30-inch barrel, magazine cutoff, stock and sights with the Mauser M1893's dual locking lugs, external claw extractor, and staggered-column magazine. Taking a cue from the Mauser <a href="/wiki/Gewehr_98" title="Gewehr 98">Gewehr 98</a>, a large safety lug was added to the side of the bolt behind the extractor, which engaged the receiver bridge and prevented the bolt from moving rearwards. The bolt handle was also bent downwards, to make it faster to operate. The Model 1901 almost entered production. Springfield was sure enough that the Model 1901 prototype would be accepted that they began making some of the parts for it, but it was not accepted; further changes were asked for. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adoption">Adoption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following then-current trends in service rifles, the barrel was shortened to 24 inches after it was discovered that a longer barrel offered no appreciable <a href="/wiki/Terminal_ballistics" title="Terminal ballistics">ballistic</a> advantage, and the shorter barrel was lighter and easier to handle. This "short rifle" also eliminated the need of a shorter carbine for mounted troops or <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-y03s_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y03s-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A spike-type <a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">bayonet</a> with storage in the forend of the stock was added to the design. This new design was accepted, type classified and officially adopted as the <i>United States Rifle, Caliber .30, Model 1903</i> and entered production in 1903. The M1903 became commonly known among its users as the "aught-three" in reference to the year, 1903, of first production. </p><p>Despite Springfield Armory's use of a two-piece firing pin and other slight design alterations, the M1903 was, in fact, a <a href="/wiki/Mauser" title="Mauser">Mauser</a> design, and after that company brought suit, the U.S. government was judged to pay $250,000 in royalties to Mauser Werke.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By January 1905, over 80,000 of these rifles had been produced at the federally-owned Springfield Armory. However, President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> objected to the design of the sliding rod-type bayonet used as being too flimsy for combat. In a letter to the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of war">secretary of war</a>, he said: </p> <blockquote><p>I must say that I think that ramrod bayonet is about as poor an invention as I ever saw. As you observed, it broke short off as soon as hit with even moderate violence. It would have no moral effect and mighty little physical effect.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>All the rifles to that point consequently had to be re-tooled for a blade-type bayonet, called the "<a href="/wiki/M1905_bayonet" title="M1905 bayonet">M1905</a>". The sights were also an area of concern, so the new improved Model 1904 sight was also added.<sup id="cite_ref-y03s_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y03s-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The retooling was almost complete when it was decided another change would be made. It was to incorporate improvements discovered during experimentation in the interim, most notably the use of pointed ammunition, first adopted by the French in the 1890s and later other countries. The round itself was based on the .30-03, but rather than a 220-grain (14 g) round-tip bullet fired at 2,300 ft/s (700 m/s), it had a 150-grain (9.7 g) pointed bullet fired at 2,800 ft/s (850 m/s); the case neck was a fraction of an inch shorter as well. The new American cartridge was designated <i>Cartridge, Ball, Caliber .30, Model of 1906</i>. The M1906 cartridge is better known as the <a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06 Springfield</a> round, used in many rifles and machine guns, and is still a popular civilian cartridge to the present day. The rifle's sights were again re-tooled to compensate for the speed and trajectory of the new cartridge. </p><p>By the time of the 1916 <a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa_Expedition" title="Pancho Villa Expedition">Pancho Villa Expedition</a>, the M1903 was the standard issue service rifle of US forces. Some rifles were fitted with both the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warner_%26_Swasey_Model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warner & Swasey Model (page does not exist)">Warner & Swasey Model</a> 1913 and 1908 "musket sights" during the campaign, "musket sights" being the vernacular at the time for telescopic sights. The Warner & Swasey Model 1913 musket sight continued to see service after the Pancho Villa Expedition and during World War I but was eventually deemed inadequate and was removed from the US Army's inventory by the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The military tested several M1903 rifles with <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Maxim" title="Hiram Maxim">Maxim</a> <a href="/wiki/Silencer_(firearm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Silencer (firearm)">suppressors</a> starting in 1909, and requisitioned 500 in 1910 to be used for recruit training.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anecdotal evidence indicates that some of the M1903 rifles during the Pancho Villa Expedition were fitted with Maxim suppressors, possibly making them the first suppressed rifles used in the field by the US military; however, during World War I American M1903s were not fitted with suppressors due to opposition from officers and the fact that suppressors would preclude the use of bayonets.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I_and_interwar_use">World War I and interwar use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: World War I and interwar use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_US_Army_on_the_Western_Front_1914-1918_Q70181.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/The_US_Army_on_the_Western_Front_1914-1918_Q70181.jpg/220px-The_US_Army_on_the_Western_Front_1914-1918_Q70181.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/The_US_Army_on_the_Western_Front_1914-1918_Q70181.jpg/330px-The_US_Army_on_the_Western_Front_1914-1918_Q70181.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/The_US_Army_on_the_Western_Front_1914-1918_Q70181.jpg/440px-The_US_Army_on_the_Western_Front_1914-1918_Q70181.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>US Marines with M1903 rifles and bayonets in France, 1918</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_WWI_rifle_periscope_attachment.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/US_WWI_rifle_periscope_attachment.jpeg/220px-US_WWI_rifle_periscope_attachment.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/US_WWI_rifle_periscope_attachment.jpeg/330px-US_WWI_rifle_periscope_attachment.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/US_WWI_rifle_periscope_attachment.jpeg/440px-US_WWI_rifle_periscope_attachment.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption>An Elder-type <a href="/wiki/Periscope_rifle" title="Periscope rifle">periscope stock</a> fitted to an M1903 (1918). Designed for <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trench warfare</a>, this enabled the shooter to fire over the parapet of a trench while remaining under cover and protected; the rifle is also fitted with a 25-round magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-ordnance332_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ordnance332-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>By the time of US entry into <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, 843,239 M1903 rifles had been produced at Springfield Armory and <a href="/wiki/Rock_Island_Arsenal" title="Rock Island Arsenal">Rock Island Arsenal</a>. Pre-war production utilized questionable metallurgy. Some receivers constructed of single-heat-treated case-hardened steel were improperly subjected to excessive temperatures during the forging process. The carbon could be "burnt" out of the steel, producing a brittle receiver.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite documented evidence indicating some early rifles were improperly forged, actual cases of failure were very rare. Although several cases of serious injury from receiver failure were documented, the U.S. Army never reported any fatalities. Many failures were attributed to use of incorrect cartridges, such as the <a href="/wiki/7.92%C3%9757mm_Mauser" title="7.92×57mm Mauser">7.92×57mm Mauser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-l&h_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l&h-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence also seems to suggest that improperly forged brass cartridge cases could have further exacerbated receiver failure.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pyrometer" title="Pyrometer">Pyrometers</a> were installed in December 1917 to accurately measure temperatures during the forging process. The change was made at approximately serial number 800,000 for rifles made at Springfield Armory and at serial number 285,507 at Rock Island Arsenal. Lower serial numbers are known as "low-number" M1903 rifles. Higher serial numbers are said to be "double-heat-treated".<sup id="cite_ref-l&h_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l&h-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toward the end of the war, Springfield turned out the Model 1903 Mark I. The Mark I has a cut on the left hand side of the receiver meant to act as an ejection port for the Pedersen device, a modified sear and cutoff to operate the Pedersen device; a specialized insert that replaced the bolt and allowed the user to fire .30 caliber pistol cartridges semi-automatically from a 40-round detachable magazine. The stock was also slightly cut down on the left side to clear the ejection port. In all other respects, the Mark I is identical to the M1903. Temperature control during forging was improved prior to Mark I production. The receiver alloy was toughened by addition of nickel after Mark I production. </p><p>In 1926, after experiencing the effect of long-range German <a href="/wiki/7.92%C3%9757mm" class="mw-redirect" title="7.92×57mm">7.92×57mm</a> rifle and machine gun fire during the war, the U.S. Army adopted the heavy, 174-grain, boat-tail bullet for its .30-06 cartridge, standardized as <i>Cartridge, Ball, caliber 30, M1</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes,_Frank_C._1989_p._59_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes,_Frank_C._1989_p._59-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> M1 ammunition, intended primarily for long-range machine gun use, soon became known by Army rifle competition teams and expert riflemen for its considerably greater accuracy over that of the M1906-round; the new M1 ammunition was issued to infantrymen with the Springfield rifle as well as to machine gun teams.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, during the late 1930s, it became apparent that, with the development of mortars, high-angle artillery, and the .50 caliber <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">M2 Browning</a> machine gun, the need for extreme long-range, rifle-caliber machine-gun fire was decreasing. In 1938, the US Army reverted to a .30-06 cartridge with a 152-grain flat-base bullet, now termed "<a href="/w/index.php?title=M2_ball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M2 ball (page does not exist)">M2 ball</a>", for all rifles and machine guns.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes,_Frank_C._1989_p._59_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes,_Frank_C._1989_p._59-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1920s and the 1930s, M1903s were delivered to US allies in Central America, such as Cuba, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua. Costa Rica troops were equipped with Springfields during the <a href="/wiki/Coto_War" title="Coto War">Coto War</a> and some rifles were captured by the opposing Panamanians.<sup id="cite_ref-Banana_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banana-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cuban Springfields were used by <a href="/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista" title="Fulgencio Batista">Batista</a> forces after WW2 and later by the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces" title="Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces">Revolutionary Armed Forces</a>, for instance during the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cuba_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cuba-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> acquired some M1903 rifles configured like <a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association" title="National Rifle Association">National Rifle Association</a> sporter models in response to the 1933 <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City Massacre">Kansas City Massacre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In service, the Springfield was generally prized for its reliability and accuracy, though some problems remained. The precision rear aperture sight was located too far from the eye for efficient use, and the narrow, unprotected front sight was both difficult to see in poor light and easily damaged. The Marine Corps issued the Springfield with a sight hood to protect the front sight, along with a thicker front blade. The two-piece firing pin-striker also proved to be no improvement over the original one-piece Mauser design, and was a cause of numerous ordnance repairs, along with occasional reports of jammed magazine followers.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._302_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._302-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_First_World_War_Official_Exchange_Collection_Q103350.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/American_First_World_War_Official_Exchange_Collection_Q103350.jpg/220px-American_First_World_War_Official_Exchange_Collection_Q103350.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/American_First_World_War_Official_Exchange_Collection_Q103350.jpg/330px-American_First_World_War_Official_Exchange_Collection_Q103350.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/American_First_World_War_Official_Exchange_Collection_Q103350.jpg/440px-American_First_World_War_Official_Exchange_Collection_Q103350.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption>Camouflaged M1903 Springfield sniper's rifle with Warner & Swasey <a href="/wiki/Telescopic_sight" title="Telescopic sight">telescopic sight</a> in France, May 1918</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> saw new production of the Springfield at private manufacturers such as the <a href="/wiki/Remington_Arms" title="Remington Arms">Remington Arms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smith-Corona" class="mw-redirect" title="Smith-Corona">Smith-Corona</a> Typewriter companies. Remington began production of the M1903 in September 1941, at serial number 3,000,000, using old tooling from the Rock Island Arsenal which had been in storage since 1919. The very early Remington-made rifles are almost indistinguishable from 1919-made Rock Island rifles. As the already worn tooling began to wear beyond use Remington began seeking Army approval for a continuously increasing number of changes and simplifications to both speed up manufacture and improve performance. The milled parts on the Remington M1903 were gradually replaced with stamped parts until, at about serial number 3,330,000, the Army and Remington recognized that a new model name was appropriate. Other features of the M1903, such as high-grade walnut stocks with finger grooves, were replaced with less expensive but serviceable substitutes. Most milled parts made by Remington were marked with an "R".<sup id="cite_ref-bnc2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bnc2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Production of the M1903 was discontinued in favor of the M1903A3. The most noticeable visual difference in the M1903A3 was the replacement of the barrel-mounted rear sight with a smaller, simpler aperture rear sight mounted on the rear of the receiver which was designed by Remington;<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was primarily adopted in order to speed familiarization by soldiers already trained on the M1 Garand, which had a similar sighting system. However, the leaf spring providing tension to the elevation adjustment on the new aperture sight tended to weaken with continued use over time, causing the rifle to lose its preset range elevation setting.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._302_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._302-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other modifications included a new stamped cartridge follower; the rounded edges of the new design largely alleviated the "fourth-round jam" complaints of the earlier machined part.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._302_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._302-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All stock furniture was also redesigned in stamped metal. </p><p>In late 1942, Smith-Corona Typewriter Company began production of the M1903A3 at its plant in Syracuse, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-Brophy,_William_1985_p._187_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brophy,_William_1985_p._187-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith-Corona parts are mostly identified by the absence of markings, except for occasions when time permitting during manufacture, on early to mid-production rifles, and also only on certain parts. </p><p>To speed up production output, two-groove rifled barrels were adopted, and steel alloy specifications were relaxed under "war emergency steel" criteria for both rifle actions and barrels.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All M1903A3 rifles with two-groove "war emergency" barrels were shipped with a printed notation stating that the reduction in rifling grooves did not affect accuracy.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._301_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._301-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the war progressed, various machining and finishing operations were eliminated on the M1903A3 in order to increase production levels.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._301_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._301-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Original production rifles at Remington and Smith-Corona had a dark gray-black finish similar to the bluing of late World War I. Beginning in late 1943 a lighter gray-green parkerizing finish was used. This later finish was also used on arsenal repaired weapons. </p><p>It is somewhat unusual to find a World War I or early World War II M1903 with its original dated barrel. Most, if not all, World War II .30-06 ammunition used a corrosive primer which left corrosive salts in the barrel. If not removed by frequent and proper barrel cleaning, these residues could cause pitting and excessive wear. Cleaning was sometimes lax when fighting in the jungle on various Pacific islands, and the higher moisture levels compounded the corrosive action of the residue.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The M1903 and the M1903A3 rifles were used in combat alongside the M1 Garand by the US military during World War II and saw extensive use and action in the hands of US troops in Europe, North Africa, and the Pacific. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">US Marines</a> were initially armed with M1903 rifles in early battles in the Pacific, such as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guadalcanal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Guadalcanal">Battle of Guadalcanal</a>, but the jungle battle environment generally favored self-loading rifles;<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later Army units arriving to the island were armed with M1 Garands.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Rangers" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Rangers">U.S. Army Rangers</a> were also a major user of the M1903 and the M1903A3 during World War II with the Springfield being preferred over the M1 Garand for certain commando missions. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to Bruce Canfield's <i>U.S. Infantry Weapons of WW II</i>, final variants of the M1903 (the A3 and A4) were delivered in February 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-bnc2_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bnc2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By then, most American combat troops had been re-equipped with the M1 Garand. However, some front-line infantry units in both the U.S. Army and Marine Corps retained M1903s as infantry rifles beyond that date and continued to use them alongside the M1 Garand until the end of the war in 1945. The Springfield remained in service for <a href="/wiki/Sniper" title="Sniper">snipers</a> (using the <i>M1903A4</i>), <a href="/wiki/Grenadier" title="Grenadier">grenadiers</a> (using a spigot type rifle <a href="/wiki/22_mm_grenade" title="22 mm grenade">22 mm</a> with the M1 <a href="/wiki/Grenade_launcher" title="Grenade launcher">grenade launcher</a> until the M7 grenade launcher was available for the M1 rifle in late 1943), and Marine <a href="/wiki/Scout_sniper" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout sniper">scout sniper</a> units. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sniper_rifle">Sniper rifle</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sniper rifle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The M1903A4 was the U.S. Army's sniper rifle of choice during the Second World War. The M1903A4 was a variation of the M1903A3. The only difference between receivers was that the model and serial number on the receiver were split on M1903A4 to make room for the Redfield <a href="/wiki/Scope_mount" title="Scope mount">scope mount</a>. The Redfield scope mount removed the rear peep sight that was standard on the M1903A3. The scope used on the M1903A4 was a Weaver Model 330 or 330C, which was a 2.75x telescopic sight. The receivers were tested by Remington Arms and those that were deemed best, meaning those closest to design specifications were selected to become M1903A4s. The barrels were also selected specifically to be added to the M1903A4 rifle only if they were within almost exact specifications for the design. The front sight on the barrel was never installed on the A4 barrels, however, the notch for it was still in place.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._302_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._302-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barrel specifications were, in general, unchanged between the M1903A3 and M1903A4, however, the War Department did start installing barrels with 2 groove rifling instead of 4 groove, despite the lack of clear changes from the 4 groove rifling that was the standard up until 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By some accounts, the M1903A4 was inadequate as a sniper rifle. The M1903A4 was a relatively accurate rifle with an effective range of about 600 yards (550 m). These limitations on long-range targeting were due to the limited field of view present in both the Weaver scopes. From its adoption in 1943 until the end of the war it was used extensively in every theater of operation by both the US Army and the USMC.<sup id="cite_ref-George,_John_1981_p._392-393_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George,_John_1981_p._392-393-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Weaver scopes (later standardized as the M73 and M73B1) were not only low-powered in magnification, they were not waterproofed, and frequently fogged over or became waterlogged during humidity changes. In addition, the M81/82 optional scopes also had significant flaws. They most notably had less power (2.2x vs. 2.75x) and, like the other scopes on the M1903A4, had serious issues with the field of view.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._302_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._302-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-George,_John_1981_p._392-393_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George,_John_1981_p._392-393-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The USMC and the US Army would eventually switch to a large 8x scope that spanned the length of the rifle designed by John Unertl. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_users">Foreign users</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Foreign users"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The US Army Military Police (MP) and the US Navy Shore Patrol also used M1903s and M1903A3s throughout the war. Various US allies and friendly irregular forces were also equipped with the weapon. The <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Expeditionary_Force" title="Brazilian Expeditionary Force">Brazilian Expeditionary Force</a> (FEB), operating in the 5th Army in Italy, was equipped with M1903 rifles. In August 1943, the <a href="/wiki/Free_French_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French Forces">Free French Forces</a> of General <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> were re-equipped by the United States, primarily with M1903 Springfield and <a href="/wiki/M1917_Enfield_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="M1917 Enfield rifle">M1917 Enfield rifles</a>. The M1903 became one of the primary rifles used by French forces until the end of the war, and was afterwards used in <a href="/wiki/Indochina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina">Indochina</a><sup id="cite_ref-Viet_Minh_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viet_Minh-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by local militia and security forces in French Algeria.<sup id="cite_ref-Algeria_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Algeria-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large numbers of M1903 rifles were sent to China.<sup id="cite_ref-Chinese_Army_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chinese_Army-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> During the Korean War, South Korean Marines used the M1903A3.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Koreans_Marines_m1903a3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/South_Koreans_Marines_m1903a3.png/220px-South_Koreans_Marines_m1903a3.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/South_Koreans_Marines_m1903a3.png/330px-South_Koreans_Marines_m1903a3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/South_Koreans_Marines_m1903a3.png/440px-South_Koreans_Marines_m1903a3.png 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>South Korean marine armed with M1903 rifle, 20 September 1950</figcaption></figure> <p>The M1903 rifles captured by the Germans were designated <i>Gewehr 249(a)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Korean_War">Korean War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Korean War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The M1903A4 was slowly phased out during the Korean war by the Army, but saw extensive use in the Marine Corps in the form of the M1941 Sniper rifle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This new rifle was simply equipped with a very long and powerful Unertl 7.8x (as compared to the M73B1 2.5X telescopic sights issued with the army's M1903A4) variant type scope. It was used in situations when the range to the target simply exceeded that of the Marines' M1C and M1D sniper rifles, which were effective to about 500 yards (460 m). In some rare cases, kills from up to 1,000 yards (910 m) were reported by Marines using the M1941 sniper rifles. Marine Corps armorers continued to rebuild some M1903 sniper rifles as late as the early stages of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post–Korean_War_service"><span id="Post.E2.80.93Korean_War_service"></span>Post–Korean War service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Post–Korean War service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Korean War, active service (as opposed to drill) use of the M1903 was rare. Still, some M1903A4s remained in sniper use as late as the Vietnam War; and technical manuals for them were printed as late as 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-y03s_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y03s-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. Navy also continued to carry some stocks of M1903A3s on board ships for use as anti-mine rifles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Today">Today</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMC-120801-M-VG714-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/USMC-120801-M-VG714-002.jpg/220px-USMC-120801-M-VG714-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/USMC-120801-M-VG714-002.jpg/330px-USMC-120801-M-VG714-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/USMC-120801-M-VG714-002.jpg/440px-USMC-120801-M-VG714-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>M1903 Springfield with 8x Unertl scope used during a vintage sniper rifle match in 2012.</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to its balance, the M1903 is still popular with various military drill teams and color guards, most notably the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Drill_Team" title="United States Army Drill Team">U.S. Army Drill Team</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> M1903 rifles (along with the M1 Garand, M1917 Enfield and M14 rifles) are also common at <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a> <a href="/wiki/Junior_Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps">Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps</a> (JROTC) units to teach weapons handling and military drill procedures to the cadets. JROTC units use M1903s for regular and inter-school competition drills, including elaborate exhibition spinning routines. Exhibition teams often use fiberglass stocks in place of wooden stocks, which are heavier and more prone to breakage when dropped. JROTC Color Guards still favor wooden stocks over fiberglass because of their weight characteristics and appearance. The M1903 is the standard parade rifle of the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Corps_of_Cadets" title="Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets">Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets</a>, which has over six hundred M1903s, a very small percentage of which are still fireable. <a href="/wiki/The_Summerall_Guards" title="The Summerall Guards">The Summerall Guards</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Citadel" title="The Citadel">The Citadel</a> also use the M1903 Springfield for their silent drill performances. </p><p><a href="/wiki/U.S._Naval_Sea_Cadet_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Naval Sea Cadet Corps">U.S. Naval Sea Cadet Corps</a> color guard rifles bear many similarities to the Springfield.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Are these just M1903s, or are they a separate rifle? (May 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1977, the U.S. Army located a rather large cache of unissued M1903A3 rifles which were demilitarized and then issued to JROTC units as a replacement for their previously issued <a href="/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a> and <a href="/wiki/M14_rifle" title="M14 rifle">M14</a> rifles, which were then returned to Army custody due to concerns about potential break-ins at high school JROTC armories. </p><p>For safety reasons, the JROTC M1903s are made permanently unable to fire by plugging the barrel with a steel rod, or having it filled with lead, soldering the bolt and welding the magazine cutoff switch in the "on" position. To plug the barrel, a very cold steel rod was inserted; after it warmed up it was too tight to remove. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caliber_30_Springfield_Rifle.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Caliber_30_Springfield_Rifle.JPG/220px-Caliber_30_Springfield_Rifle.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Caliber_30_Springfield_Rifle.JPG/330px-Caliber_30_Springfield_Rifle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Caliber_30_Springfield_Rifle.JPG/440px-Caliber_30_Springfield_Rifle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of the .30 Springfield rifle</figcaption></figure> <p>The US rifle, Model of 1903 is <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">44<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">7</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> inches (1.14 m) long and weighs 8 lb 11 oz (3.9 kg). A bayonet can be attached; the <a href="/wiki/M1905_bayonet" title="M1905 bayonet">M1905 bayonet</a> blade is 16 in (410 mm) long and weighs 1 pound (0.45 kg). From 1906, the rifle was chambered to fire the .30 <a href="/wiki/Caliber" title="Caliber">caliber</a> M1906 <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(weaponry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartridge (weaponry)">cartridge</a> (.30-06 cartridge), later the M1 (1926) and M2 ball (1938) rounds. There were four standard types of cartridge: </p> <ul><li><i>Ball</i>: consists of a brass case or shell, primer, a charge of smokeless powder, and the bullet. The bullet has a sharp point called a <a href="/wiki/Spitzer_(bullet)" title="Spitzer (bullet)">spitzer</a>, and is composed of a lead core and a jacket of <a href="/wiki/Cupro-nickel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupro-nickel">cupro-nickel</a> (later gilding metal), and in the M1906 design, weighs 150 <a href="/wiki/Grain_(measure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grain (measure)">grains</a> (9.7 g). The bullet of the M1906 cartridge, when fired from the rifle, has an initial velocity of 2,700 ft/s (820 m/s).</li> <li><i>Blank</i>: contains a paper cup instead of a bullet. It is dangerous up to 33 yd (30 m).</li> <li><i>Guard</i>: has a smaller charge of powder than the ball cartridge, and five <a href="/wiki/Cannelure" title="Cannelure">cannelures</a> encircle the body of the shell at about the middle to distinguish it from ball cartridges. It was intended for use on guard or in riot duty, and it gives good results up to 200 yd (180 m). The range of 100 yd (91 m) requires a sight elevation of 450 yd (410 m), and the range of 200 yd (180 m) requires an elevation of 645 yd (590 m).</li> <li><i>Dummy</i>: this is tin-plated and the shell is provided with six longitudinal corrugations and three circular holes. The primer contains no percussion composition. It was intended for drill purposes to accustom the soldier to the operation of loading the rifle.</li></ul> <p>The rifle is a magazine-fed clip-loader and can fire at a rate of 20 shots per minute. Each <a href="/wiki/Stripper_clip" title="Stripper clip">stripper clip</a> contains five cartridges, and standard issue consisted of 12 clips carried in a cloth bandoleer. When full the <a href="/wiki/Bandoleer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandoleer">bandoleer</a> weighs about 3 lb 14 oz (1.8 kg). Bandoleers were packed 20 in a box, for a total of 1,200 rounds. The full box weighs 100 lb (45 kg). </p><p>The bore of the rifle is 0.30 inches (7.62 mm) in diameter. It was then rifled 0.004 in (0.1 mm) deep, making the diameter from the bottom of one groove to the bottom of the opposite groove 0.30787 in (7.82 mm) of the barrel. </p><p>The M1903 rifle included a rear sight leaf that can be used to adjust for elevation and windage. This type of rear sight was previously designed by <a href="/wiki/Adelbert_R._Buffington" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelbert R. Buffington">Adelbert R. Buffington</a> of the U.S. Army Ordnance Department. The M1905 rear sight was calibrated to match the trajectory of <a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield#Cartridge,_ball,_caliber_.30,_Model_of_1906_(M1906)" title=".30-06 Springfield">M1906 service ammunition</a> and offers several sighting options. When the leaf and slider are down, the battle sight notch appears on top. This was set for 547 yd (500 m) for the down position of the slide, and is not adjustable. When the leaf is raised its range slider can be adjusted to a maximum range of 2,850 yd (2,606 m). The .30-06 Springfield M1906 service ammunition long-range performance was originally overstated. When the M1906 cartridge was developed, the range tests had been done to only 1,800 yd (1,646 m); distances beyond that were estimated, but the estimate for extreme range was wrong by almost 40 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The external ballistic discrepancy at long-ranges became evident during World War I. The M1905 rear sight can also be adjusted for windage. </p><p>The M1903A3 introduced a ramp-type rear <a href="/wiki/Aperture_sight" class="mw-redirect" title="Aperture sight">aperture sight</a> adjustable both for elevation and windage. It can be adjusted from 100 to 800 yd (91 to 732 m). This new sightline also lengthened the sight radius.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A feature inherent to the M1903 and not found on the <a href="/wiki/Gewehr_98" title="Gewehr 98">Mauser M98</a> is the cocking piece, a conspicuous knob at the rear of the bolt, allowing the rifle's striker to be released without dry firing, or to cock the rifle if necessary, for example to attempt a second strike on a round that failed to fire. This was implemented from the U.S. model of the Krag–Jørgensen rifle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rifle_Springfield_M1903.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Rifle_Springfield_M1903.jpg/300px-Rifle_Springfield_M1903.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Rifle_Springfield_M1903.jpg/450px-Rifle_Springfield_M1903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Rifle_Springfield_M1903.jpg/600px-Rifle_Springfield_M1903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="136" /></a><figcaption>M1903</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rifle_Springfield_M1903A3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rifle_Springfield_M1903A3.jpg/300px-Rifle_Springfield_M1903A3.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rifle_Springfield_M1903A3.jpg/450px-Rifle_Springfield_M1903A3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rifle_Springfield_M1903A3.jpg/600px-Rifle_Springfield_M1903A3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="133" /></a><figcaption>M1903A3</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rifle_Springfield_M1903A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rifle_Springfield_M1903A1.jpg/300px-Rifle_Springfield_M1903A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rifle_Springfield_M1903A1.jpg/450px-Rifle_Springfield_M1903A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rifle_Springfield_M1903A1.jpg/600px-Rifle_Springfield_M1903A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="133" /></a><figcaption>M1903 with 'scant' <a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stock (firearm)">stock</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rifle_Springfield_M1903A4_with_M84_sight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Rifle_Springfield_M1903A4_with_M84_sight.jpg/300px-Rifle_Springfield_M1903A4_with_M84_sight.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Rifle_Springfield_M1903A4_with_M84_sight.jpg/450px-Rifle_Springfield_M1903A4_with_M84_sight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Rifle_Springfield_M1903A4_with_M84_sight.jpg/600px-Rifle_Springfield_M1903A4_with_M84_sight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="148" /></a><figcaption>M1903A4 with Type C stock and M84 sight</figcaption></figure> <p>There were four main variants given official nomenclature, though there are a number of important sub-variants: </p> <ul><li><i>M1903 (1903)</i>: developed for the <a href="/wiki/.30-03" class="mw-redirect" title=".30-03">.30-03</a> (also known as the .30-45) cartridge. Used original Type S <a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stock (firearm)">stock</a>. <ul><li><i>M1903 bullpup (1903)</i>: experimental <a href="/wiki/Bullpup" title="Bullpup">bullpup</a> conversion for the USMC.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (March 2020)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><i>M1903 (1905)</i>: changed from a rod type bayonet to the knife type Model 1905 bayonet and to the improved Model 1905 sight.</li> <li><i>M1903 (1906)</i>: modified again to specifically fire the new M1906 <a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06</a> cartridge ("ball cartridge, caliber 30, Model of 1906").</li> <li><i>M1903 NRA (1915–1917)</i>: sold to <a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association" title="National Rifle Association">National Rifle Association</a> members and stamped "NRA" on the forward tang of the trigger guard.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>M1903 air service (1918)</i>: issued to aircrew with permanent 25-round magazine and modified Type S stock forend designed as backup if a plane's machine gun jammed in combat.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>M1903 Mark I (1918–1920)</i>: modified with an ejection port on the left side of the receiver for specific use with the Pedersen device.</li> <li><i>M1903 NM (1921–1940)</i>: selected rifles produced at Springfield Armory for National Match shooting competition. Production barrels were measured with star-gauges, and those meeting specified tolerances were stamped with an asterisk shaped star on the muzzle crown. These barrels were fitted to selected receivers with hand-fitted and polished parts. The bolt was left unblued while the receiver and barrel were finished with a black Parkerizing process. Some bolts have the safety direction reversed to prevent it from striking the nose of a right-handed shooter and those made from 1924 to 1929 have the knurled cocking piece removed to decrease lock time. Early rifles used the type S stock until the type C stock became standard in 1929. Rifles made for sale to NRA members (priced at $40.44) were drilled and tapped for a Lyman 48 receiver sight and had either a type B (or NB) stock with no grasping grooves and a noticeable drop at the heel for a long pistol grip, or a special National Match stock with a high comb and pistol grip. Total production was 28,907. Most were issued to service teams and 25,377 were reconditioned at Springfield Armory after one year of match use. Reconditioned rifles have a large gas-escape port drilled into the left side of the receiver.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>M1903 Bushmaster carbine (1940s)</i>: the <a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">barrel</a> and stock were cut down to 18 inches (460 mm) for easier use in Panama; 4,725 such rifles were made. It was a training rifle and saw no action. After World War II most were dumped into the ocean and surviving pieces are rare.</li> <li><i>M1903 with "scant" stock (1942)</i>: in late 1941, before the M1903A3 was standardized, Army ordnance wanted to standardize on a pistol-grip stock for all M1903 rifles. There were thousands of stock blanks that had been sized for the old straight stock. They were not deep enough for the full pistol grip of the Type C stock, so they were modified to allow a "scant" grip that was the largest grip they could form. These "scant" stocks would only fit on a M1903, and would not fit an 03A3. Springfield only rebuilt existing M1903 rifles using this stock in 1942 and marked the cut-off seat with a small "s".</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1930_Springfield_1903A1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1930_Springfield_1903A1.JPG/220px-1930_Springfield_1903A1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1930_Springfield_1903A1.JPG/330px-1930_Springfield_1903A1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1930_Springfield_1903A1.JPG/440px-1930_Springfield_1903A1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Springfield M1903A1</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>M1903A1 (1929–1939)</i>: changed from a straight stock to a pistol grip type stock (Type C stock). The pistol grip stock was conducive to improved marksmanship and was fitted to National Match rifles until World War II. Pistol grip stocks became standard for later M1903 production and were subsequently fitted to older rifles. The Army considered any rifle with a pistol grip stock an M1903A1, but M1903 receiver markings were unchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-bnc_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bnc-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>M1903A2 (1930s–1940s)</i>: basically a stripped A1 or A3 used as a subcaliber rifle with artillery pieces.</li> <li><i>M1903A3 (1942–1944)</i>: sights were changed to an aperture (peep) system mounted on the receiver, and the rifle was modified for easier production with stamped metal parts and somewhat different grip and stock (late model Type S stock; no finger grooves). <ul><li><i>M1903 (modified) (1941–1942)</i>: transition production of M1903 rifles by Remington Arms until the M1903A3 design was implemented involved modification of various parts creating a hybrid between the M1903 and M1903A3.<sup id="cite_ref-bnc2_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bnc2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>M1903A4 (1942)</i>: an M1903A3 modified to be a sniper rifle using an M73 or M73B1 2.5× Weaver <a href="/wiki/Telescopic_sight" title="Telescopic sight">telescopic sight</a> and different stock, and omitting the iron sights. USMC versions instead used the 8x Unertl scope.</li></ul> <p>There are two main other types, various training types, and competition versions such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Match&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Match (page does not exist)">National Match</a> types. Aside from these there are some other civilian versions, experimental versions, and other miscellaneous types. Due to the duration of its service, there is also a range of smaller differences among ones from different periods and manufacturers. </p><p>In military use it was outnumbered by the <a href="/wiki/M1917_Enfield" title="M1917 Enfield">M1917 Enfield</a> for much of the war. Also, during World War II many remained in use early on, especially in the Pacific (generally replaced as M1s became available), in addition to service (along with other weapons) as a sniper rifle and to launch <a href="/wiki/Rifle_grenade" title="Rifle grenade">rifle grenades</a>. </p> <ul><li><i>Bannerman Springfield</i>: After the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Scottish-born <a href="/wiki/Military_surplus" title="Military surplus">military surplus</a> magnate <a href="/wiki/Pollepel_Island#Bannerman's_Castle" title="Pollepel Island">Francis Bannerman VI</a> assembled 1,000 M1903 rifles from surplus parts which were rebored to accept <a href="/wiki/.303_British" title=".303 British">.303 British</a> ammunition. He presented these to the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> together with bayonets, pouches and webbing as a patriotic gesture. However, the conversion was not a success and it was found that rimmed .303 cartridges would not feed properly from the magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rifles were stamped "DP," i.e., fit for "drill purposes" only, and presented to the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_Training_Corps" title="Volunteer Training Corps">Volunteer Training Corps</a>, who were otherwise without any weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a> used an M1903 to shoot big game, including <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lions</a>, on his first African <a href="/wiki/Safari" title="Safari">safari</a> in 1933. His experiences during the safari is the subject of <i><a href="/wiki/Green_Hills_of_Africa" title="Green Hills of Africa">Green Hills of Africa</a></i>, published in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An M1903A4 is used by Private Daniel Jackson in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan" title="Saving Private Ryan">Saving Private Ryan</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Users">Users</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Users"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M1903_Springfield_Users.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/M1903_Springfield_Users.png/222px-M1903_Springfield_Users.png" decoding="async" width="222" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/M1903_Springfield_Users.png/333px-M1903_Springfield_Users.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/M1903_Springfield_Users.png/444px-M1903_Springfield_Users.png 2x" data-file-width="6460" data-file-height="3403" /></a><figcaption>A map with M1903 Springfield users in blue</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>: Equipped with 470 M1903A4s used as a marksman rifle. Called "Zielfernrohrgewehr 03" in Austrian service. <sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201363-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201363-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201363-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a><sup id="cite_ref-Banana_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banana-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201363-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Ethiopia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a></span>: Received after World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201363-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Indochina_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indochina-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>: Captured rifles from American soldiers designated the Gewehr 249(a). Captured rifles from Commonwealth soldiers designated the Gewehr 249(e).</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201363-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>: Issued to <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_of_Haiti" title="Gendarmerie of Haiti">Gendarmerie</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>: Equipped with 2,083 M1903s in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Italian_Committee_of_National_Liberation.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italian_Committee_of_National_Liberation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Italian_Committee_of_National_Liberation.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italian_Committee_of_National_Liberation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Italian_Committee_of_National_Liberation.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italian_Committee_of_National_Liberation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italian Partisans</a>: Supplied to partisans operating in the vicinity of American troops.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>: Captured during World War II. Used by <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Reserve" title="National Police Reserve">National Police Reserve</a> after the war.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Laos"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Laos</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>: Used by the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Marine_Corps" title="Netherlands Marine Corps">Netherlands Marine Corps</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ArmsControl_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArmsControl-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a><sup id="cite_ref-Brophy,_William_1985_p._149_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brophy,_William_1985_p._149-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a><sup id="cite_ref-Banana_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banana-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a><sup id="cite_ref-NVA_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NVA-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201363-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-NVA_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NVA-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chinese_Army_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chinese_Army-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China (Taiwan)</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Brophy,_William_1985_p._150_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brophy,_William_1985_p._150-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> : Equipped with 216 M1903A3s before the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. The number in service peaked at 3,611 in 1951, and was reduced to 393 by the end of the war. The military also received 100 and 109 M1903A4s in 1952 and 1953, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a><sup id="cite_ref-Indochina_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indochina-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201363-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-Brophy,_William_1985_p._149_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brophy,_William_1985_p._149-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States: Still in use with <a href="/wiki/Junior_ROTC" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior ROTC">Junior ROTC</a> units for ceremonial purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201363-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captured_US_firearms_in_Axis_use_in_World_War_II" title="Captured US firearms in Axis use in World War II">Captured US firearms in Axis use in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Lee–Enfield rifle</a> – Contemporary British Army rifle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._Army_weapons_by_supply_catalog_designation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. Army weapons by supply catalog designation">List of U.S. Army weapons by supply catalog designation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Model_1922" title="Springfield Model 1922">Springfield M1922</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Cadet_rifle" title="Cadet rifle">cadet rifle</a>, designed to mimic the M1903 Springfield rifle for training purposes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_rifle" title="Springfield rifle">Springfield rifle</a> – For all other "Springfield" rifles</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Model_1892%E2%80%9399" title="Springfield Model 1892–99">Springfield Model 1892–99</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> United States Army rifle </b><br />1903-1936 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/2019/01/18/the-1903-springfield-rifle/">"The 1903 Springfield Rifle – Warfare History Network"</a>. 18 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+1903+Springfield+Rifle+%E2%80%93+Warfare+History+Network&rft.date=2019-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarfarehistorynetwork.com%2F2019%2F01%2F18%2Fthe-1903-springfield-rifle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CFguAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA404">"Second Deficiency Appropriation Bill for 1939"</a>. 1939.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Second+Deficiency+Appropriation+Bill+for+1939&rft.date=1939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCFguAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181011141616/http://www.bowersweapons.com/US%20MODEL%201903%20RIFLE%20SERIAL%20NUMBER%20RANGES.htm">"Springfield Armory US Model 1903 rifle serial number ranges"</a>. Bowers Firearms. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bowersweapons.com/US%20MODEL%201903%20RIFLE%20SERIAL%20NUMBER%20RANGES.htm">the original</a> on 11 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Springfield+Armory+US+Model+1903+rifle+serial+number+ranges&rft.pub=Bowers+Firearms&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bowersweapons.com%2FUS%2520MODEL%25201903%2520RIFLE%2520SERIAL%2520NUMBER%2520RANGES.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfspress.com/sharpshooters/pdfs/Operational-Requrements-For-An-Infantry-Hand-Weapon.pdf">"Operation Requirements for An Infantry Hand Weapon"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Army (15 November 1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookordnanc00unkngoog">"Bayonet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Digital)</span>. <i>Handbook of Ordnance Data</i>. 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Elite 166. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781846033230" title="Special:BookSources/9781846033230"><bdi>9781846033230</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bay+of+Pigs%3A+Cuba+1961&rft.series=Elite+166&rft.pages=60&rft.date=2009-01-10&rft.isbn=9781846033230&rft.aulast=de+Quesada&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEE-1CwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vanderpool, Bill "Bring Enough Gun" <i><a href="/wiki/American_Rifleman" title="American Rifleman">American Rifleman</a></i> October 2013 pp. 80–85&115–116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._302-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._302_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._302_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._302_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._302_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._302_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunlap, Roy, <i>Ordnance Went Up Front</i>, Samworth Press (1948), p. 302</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bnc2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bnc2_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bnc2_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bnc2_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanfield2015" class="citation journal cs1">Canfield, Bruce N. (2015). "Wartime Remington M1903s?". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Rifleman" title="American Rifleman">American Rifleman</a></i>. <b>163</b> (March): 44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Rifleman&rft.atitle=Wartime+Remington+M1903s%3F&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=March&rft.pages=44&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Canfield&rft.aufirst=Bruce+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US2336108A">U.S. patent 2336108A</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brophy,_William_1985_p._187-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brophy,_William_1985_p._187_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brophy, William, <i>The Springfield 1903 Rifles</i>, Stackpole Books (1985), p. 187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunlap, Roy, <i>Ordnance Went Up Front</i>, Samworth Press (1948), p. 362</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._301-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._301_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunlap,_Roy_1948_p._301_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunlap, Roy, <i>Ordnance Went Up Front</i>, Samworth Press (1948), p. 301</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishop1998" class="citation cs2">Bishop, Chris (1998), <i>The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II</i>, New York: Orbis Publishing Ltd, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-1022-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-1022-7"><bdi>978-0-7607-1022-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Weapons+of+World+War+II&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Orbis+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7607-1022-7&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George, John (Lt Col), <i>Shots Fired In Anger</i>, NRA Press (1981), p. 391: "Nearly every one [Marine] I talked to [on Guadalcanal] who used the Springfield in combat-without a scope-would have much rather been using a Garand."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George, John (Lt Col), <i>Shots Fired In Anger</i>, NRA Press (1981), p. 391</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George, John (Lt. Col.), <i>Shots Fired In Anger</i>, NRA Press (1981), p. 392</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-George,_John_1981_p._392-393-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-George,_John_1981_p._392-393_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-George,_John_1981_p._392-393_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">George, John (Lt. Col.), <i>Shots Fired In Anger</i>, NRA Press (1981), p. 392–393</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George, John (Lt. Col.), <i>Shots Fired In Anger</i>, NRA Press (1981), p. 296–299</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Viet_Minh-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Viet_Minh_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWindrow2018" class="citation book cs1">Windrow, Martin (20 September 2018). <i>French Foreign Légionnaire vs Viet Minh Insurgent: North Vietnam 1948–52</i>. Combat 36. Osprey Publishing. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472828910" title="Special:BookSources/9781472828910"><bdi>9781472828910</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+Foreign+L%C3%A9gionnaire+vs+Viet+Minh+Insurgent%3A+North+Vietnam+1948%E2%80%9352&rft.series=Combat+36&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2018-09-20&rft.isbn=9781472828910&rft.aulast=Windrow&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Algeria-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Algeria_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.1001mags.com/parution/gazette-des-armes/numero-220-mars-1992/page-14-15-texte-integral">"L'armement français en A.F.N."</a> <i>Gazette des Armes</i> (in French). No. 220. March 1992. pp. 12–16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gazette+des+Armes&rft.atitle=L%27armement+fran%C3%A7ais+en+A.F.N.&rft.issue=220&rft.pages=12-16&rft.date=1992-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.1001mags.com%2Fparution%2Fgazette-des-armes%2Fnumero-220-mars-1992%2Fpage-14-15-texte-integral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chinese_Army-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chinese_Army_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chinese_Army_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJowett2005" class="citation book cs1">Jowett, Philip (10 July 2005). <i>The Chinese Army 1937–49: World War II and Civil War</i>. Men-at-Arms 424. <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781841769042" title="Special:BookSources/9781841769042"><bdi>9781841769042</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+Army+1937%E2%80%9349%3A+World+War+II+and+Civil+War&rft.series=Men-at-Arms+424&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2005-07-10&rft.isbn=9781841769042&rft.aulast=Jowett&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF부2012" class="citation book cs1">부, 창옥 (2012). <i>한국 전쟁 수첩: 어느 학도병 의 참전 일기</i>. 경기 고양시: 한그루 미디어. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9791195158027" title="Special:BookSources/9791195158027"><bdi>9791195158027</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD+%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81+%EC%88%98%EC%B2%A9%3A+%EC%96%B4%EB%8A%90+%ED%95%99%EB%8F%84%EB%B3%91+%EC%9D%98+%EC%B0%B8%EC%A0%84+%EC%9D%BC%EA%B8%B0&rft.place=%EA%B2%BD%EA%B8%B0+%EA%B3%A0%EC%96%91%EC%8B%9C&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=%ED%95%9C%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%A8+%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9791195158027&rft.aulast=%EB%B6%80&rft.aufirst=%EC%B0%BD%EC%98%A5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBall2011" class="citation book cs1">Ball, Robert W. D. (2011). <i>Mauser Military Rifles of the World</i>. Iola: Gun Digest Books. p. 420. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781440228926" title="Special:BookSources/9781440228926"><bdi>9781440228926</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mauser+Military+Rifles+of+the+World&rft.place=Iola&rft.pages=420&rft.pub=Gun+Digest+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781440228926&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatcher1962">Hatcher 1962</a>, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/ref/TM/PDFs/TM9-1270-Ordnance-Maintenance-US-Rifles-Cal-30-M1903-M1903A1-M1903A3-and-M1903A4.pdf">TM9 1270 Ordnance Maintenance US Rifles Cal 30 M1903 M1903A1 M1903A3 and M1903A4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/bc/86/2a/bc862a8a8759f2c76af076277d428f22.jpg">"Photo"</a>. s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Photo&rft.pub=s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com%2F736x%2Fbc%2F86%2F2a%2Fbc862a8a8759f2c76af076277d428f22.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Canfield, Bruce N. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Rifleman" title="American Rifleman">American Rifleman</a></i> (September 2008) pp. 72–75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForgotten_Weapons2017" class="citation cs2">Forgotten Weapons (28 November 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=dugp6lVQ2BE"><i>Fight! Othais vs Ian on the Air Service 1903 Springfield!</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/dugp6lVQ2BE">archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fight%21+Othais+vs+Ian+on+the+Air+Service+1903+Springfield%21&rft.date=2017-11-28&rft.au=Forgotten+Weapons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Ddugp6lVQ2BE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorell2003" class="citation journal cs1">Norell, James O.E. (2003). "U.S. M1903A1 Rifles". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Rifleman" title="American Rifleman">American Rifleman</a></i>. <b>151</b> (July): 38–41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Rifleman&rft.atitle=U.S.+M1903A1+Rifles&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=July&rft.pages=38-41&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Norell&rft.aufirst=James+O.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bnc-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bnc_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanfield2007" class="citation journal cs1">Canfield, Bruce N. (2007). "U.S. M1903A1 Rifles". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Rifleman" title="American Rifleman">American Rifleman</a></i> (January): 38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Rifleman&rft.atitle=U.S.+M1903A1+Rifles&rft.issue=January&rft.pages=38&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Canfield&rft.aufirst=Bruce+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian D. Skennerton, <i>The Lee Enfield: A Century of Lee-Metford & Lee-Enfield Rifles & Carbines</i>, Arms & Militaria Press 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-949749-82-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-949749-82-6">978-0-949749-82-6</a> (p. 162)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1920" class="citation web cs1">Foster, Alfred Edye Manning (2 June 1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/nationalguarding00fost">"The National guard in the great war, 1914–1918"</a>. London : Cope & Fenwick – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+National+guard+in+the+great+war%2C+1914%E2%80%931918&rft.pub=London+%3A+Cope+%26+Fenwick&rft.date=1920-06-02&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Edye+Manning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnationalguarding00fost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://safariclub.us/blog/30-06-africa">".30-06 in Africa"</a>. <i>Safari Club International</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Safari+Club+International&rft.atitle=.30-06+in+Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsafariclub.us%2Fblog%2F30-06-africa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEger" class="citation web cs1">Eger, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guns.com/news/2014/06/06/the-allied-sniper-rifles-of-wwii-video">"The Allied Sniper Rifles of WWII (Video)"</a>. <i>Guns.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guns.com&rft.atitle=The+Allied+Sniper+Rifles+of+WWII+%28Video%29&rft.aulast=Eger&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guns.com%2Fnews%2F2014%2F06%2F06%2Fthe-allied-sniper-rifles-of-wwii-video&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrrisk1990" class="citation book cs1">Urrisk, Rolf M. (1990). <i>Die Bewaffnung des österreichischen Bundesheeres, 1918-1990</i> (1. Aufl ed.). Graz: H. Weishaupt Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-900310-53-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-900310-53-0"><bdi>978-3-900310-53-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Bewaffnung+des+%C3%B6sterreichischen+Bundesheeres%2C+1918-1990&rft.place=Graz&rft.edition=1.+Aufl&rft.pub=H.+Weishaupt+Verlag&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-3-900310-53-0&rft.aulast=Urrisk&rft.aufirst=Rolf+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHufnaglBenz2001" class="citation book cs1">Hufnagl, Wolfdieter; Benz, Martin (2001). <i>Jagdkommando: Sondereinheiten des österreichenischen Bundesheeres</i> (2. Aufl ed.). Stuttgart: Motorbuch-Verl. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-613-02079-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-613-02079-5"><bdi>978-3-613-02079-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jagdkommando%3A+Sondereinheiten+des+%C3%B6sterreichenischen+Bundesheeres&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.edition=2.+Aufl&rft.pub=Motorbuch-Verl&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-613-02079-5&rft.aulast=Hufnagl&rft.aufirst=Wolfdieter&rft.au=Benz%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaximianoBonalume2011" class="citation book cs1">Maximiano, Cesar; Bonalume, Ricardo N (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6q6HCwAAQBAJ"><i>Brazilian Expeditionary Force in World War II</i></a>. Men at Arms 465. <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. pp. 10, 16–17, 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849084833" title="Special:BookSources/9781849084833"><bdi>9781849084833</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brazilian+Expeditionary+Force+in+World+War+II&rft.series=Men+at+Arms+465&rft.pages=10%2C+16-17%2C+44&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781849084833&rft.aulast=Maximiano&rft.aufirst=Cesar&rft.au=Bonalume%2C+Ricardo+N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6q6HCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201363-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201363_55-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson2013">Thompson 2013</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScarlata2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Scarlata, Paul (1 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Ethiopian+military+rifle+cartridges%3A+Part+2%3A+from+Mauser+to...-a0195134991">"Ethiopian military rifle cartridges: Part 2: from Mauser to Kalashnikov"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Shotgun News">Shotgun News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shotgun+News&rft.atitle=Ethiopian+military+rifle+cartridges%3A+Part+2%3A+from+Mauser+to+Kalashnikov.&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft.aulast=Scarlata&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FEthiopian%2Bmilitary%2Brifle%2Bcartridges%253A%2BPart%2B2%253A%2Bfrom%2BMauser%2Bto...-a0195134991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indochina-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Indochina_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indochina_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWindrow1998" class="citation book cs1">Windrow, Martin (15 November 1998). <i>The French Indochina War 1946–54</i>. Men-at-Arms 322. <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781855327894" title="Special:BookSources/9781855327894"><bdi>9781855327894</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+Indochina+War+1946%E2%80%9354&rft.series=Men-at-Arms+322&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1998-11-15&rft.isbn=9781855327894&rft.aulast=Windrow&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Military+rifle+cartridges+of+Haiti.-a0242017608">"Military rifle cartridges of Haiti. - Free Online Library"</a>. <i>www.thefreelibrary.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thefreelibrary.com&rft.atitle=Military+rifle+cartridges+of+Haiti.+-+Free+Online+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FMilitary%2Brifle%2Bcartridges%2Bof%2BHaiti.-a0242017608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolden2004" class="citation book cs1">Holden, Robert H. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TH88DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA287"><i>Armies without Nations: Public Violence and State Formation in Central America, 1821–1960</i></a>. Oxford and New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198036517" title="Special:BookSources/9780198036517"><bdi>9780198036517</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armies+without+Nations%3A+Public+Violence+and+State+Formation+in+Central+America%2C+1821%E2%80%931960&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=287&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780198036517&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTH88DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGianluigiRiccio2017" class="citation book cs1">Gianluigi, Usai; Riccio, Ralph (28 January 2017). <i>Italian partisan weapons in WWII</i>. Schiffer Military History. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0764352102" title="Special:BookSources/978-0764352102"><bdi>978-0764352102</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italian+partisan+weapons+in+WWII&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Schiffer+Military+History&rft.date=2017-01-28&rft.isbn=978-0764352102&rft.aulast=Gianluigi&rft.aufirst=Usai&rft.au=Riccio%2C+Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConboy1989" class="citation book cs1">Conboy, Kenneth (23 November 1989). <i>The War in Laos 1960–75</i>. Men-at-Arms 217. Osprey Publishing. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780850459388" title="Special:BookSources/9780850459388"><bdi>9780850459388</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+in+Laos+1960%E2%80%9375&rft.series=Men-at-Arms+217&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1989-11-23&rft.isbn=9780850459388&rft.aulast=Conboy&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArmsControl-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ArmsControl_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloomfieldLeiss1967" class="citation book cs1">Bloomfield, Lincoln P.; Leiss, Amelia Catherine (30 June 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA324492.pdf#page=85"><i>The Control of local conflict : a design study on arms control and limited war in the developing areas</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. 3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for International Studies. pp. 80, 89. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fuiug.30112064404368">2027/uiug.30112064404368</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804022404/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA324492.pdf#page=85">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Control+of+local+conflict+%3A+a+design+study+on+arms+control+and+limited+war+in+the+developing+areas&rft.pages=80%2C+89&rft.pub=Massachusetts+Institute+of+Technology.+Center+for+International+Studies&rft.date=1967-06-30&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fuiug.30112064404368&rft.aulast=Bloomfield&rft.aufirst=Lincoln+P.&rft.au=Leiss%2C+Amelia+Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fsti%2Fpdfs%2FADA324492.pdf%23page%3D85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brophy,_William_1985_p._149-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brophy,_William_1985_p._149_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brophy,_William_1985_p._149_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brophy, William, <i>The Springfield 1903 Rifles</i>, Stackpole Books (1985), p. 149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NVA-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NVA_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NVA_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRottman2009" class="citation book cs1">Rottman, Gordon L. (10 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iC21CwAAQBAJ"><i>North Vietnamese Army Soldier 1958–75</i></a>. Warrior 135. <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781846033711" title="Special:BookSources/9781846033711"><bdi>9781846033711</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+Vietnamese+Army+Soldier+1958%E2%80%9375&rft.series=Warrior+135&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2009-02-10&rft.isbn=9781846033711&rft.aulast=Rottman&rft.aufirst=Gordon+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiC21CwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds" class="citation web cs1">Reynolds, Dan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carbinesforcollectors.com/riflesofperu1.html">"The Mauser Rifles of Peru"</a>. <i>carbinesforcollectors.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=carbinesforcollectors.com&rft.atitle=The+Mauser+Rifles+of+Peru&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarbinesforcollectors.com%2Friflesofperu1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brophy,_William_1985_p._150-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brophy,_William_1985_p._150_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brophy, William, <i>The Springfield 1903 Rifles</i>, Stackpole Books (1985), p. 150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBak2021" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bak, Dongchan (March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170621/http://medcmd.mil.kr/user/imhc/upload/pblictn/PBLICTNEBOOK_202105270240172800.pdf"><i>Korean War : Weapons of the United Nations</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Korean). Republic of Korea: Ministry of Defense Institute for Military History. pp. 23–25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-11-5598-079-8" title="Special:BookSources/979-11-5598-079-8"><bdi>979-11-5598-079-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medcmd.mil.kr/user/imhc/upload/pblictn/PBLICTNEBOOK_202105270240172800.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Korean+War+%3A+Weapons+of+the+United+Nations&rft.place=Republic+of+Korea&rft.pages=23-25&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defense+Institute+for+Military+History&rft.date=2021-03&rft.isbn=979-11-5598-079-8&rft.aulast=Bak&rft.aufirst=Dongchan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedcmd.mil.kr%2Fuser%2Fimhc%2Fupload%2Fpblictn%2FPBLICTNEBOOK_202105270240172800.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_sources">General sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: General sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ball, Robert W. D., <i>Springfield Armory Shoulder Weapons 1795–1968</i>. Norfolk, VA: Antique Trader Books, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-930625-74-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-930625-74-9">0-930625-74-9</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39273050">39273050</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanfield,_Bruce_N.2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Canfield, Bruce N. (February 2008). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Low Number' M1903 Springfields". <i>American Rifleman</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Rifleman&rft.atitle=%27Low+Number%27+M1903+Springfields&rft.date=2008-02&rft.au=Canfield%2C+Bruce+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatcher1962" class="citation book cs1">Hatcher, Julian S. (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yESNUKSg5aMC"><i>Hatcher's Notebook</i></a>. Stackpole Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-0795-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-0795-4"><bdi>978-0-8117-0795-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hatcher%27s+Notebook&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=978-0-8117-0795-4&rft.aulast=Hatcher&rft.aufirst=Julian+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyESNUKSg5aMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2013" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Leroy (19 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S-c6vgAACAAJ"><i>The M1903 Springfield Rifle</i></a>. Bloomsbury USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78096-011-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78096-011-1"><bdi>978-1-78096-011-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+M1903+Springfield+Rifle&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+USA&rft.date=2013-02-19&rft.isbn=978-1-78096-011-1&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Leroy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS-c6vgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1903+Springfield" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Engineer Field Manual</i>, War Department, Document No. 355, 1909.</li> <li><i>Manual for Noncommissioned Officers and Privates of Infantry of the Army of the United States</i>, War Department, Document No. 574, 1917.</li> <li>"Bushmaster '03 Carbine", <i>American Rifle</i> magazine, April 2005, p. 40.</li> <li><i>U.S. Infantry Weapons of World War II.</i> Bruce N. Canfield, Andrew Mowbray Publishers, 1994.</li> <li><i>Operation Requirements for an Infantry Hand Weapon</i>. Norman Hitchman, Operations Research Office, 1952</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M1903_Springfield&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Springfield_M1903" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Springfield M1903">Springfield M1903</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m1903.com/">M1903.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130418083932/http://www.cgsc.edu/carl/docrepository/FM23_10.pdf">FM 23-10 Basic Field Manual: U.S. Rifle Caliber .30, M1903, 20 September 1943</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TM9-2701943">(1943) TM 9-270 U.S. Rifle, Cal. .30, M1903A4 (Sniper's) Characteristics and Operation and Use of Telescopic Sight</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.90thidpg.us/Reference/Reference.html">90th Infantry Division Preservation Group</a> – Reference manual page including several M1903 manuals</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theodoreroosevelt.com">Account of Theodore Roosevelt's Safari: Springfield</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.cfspress.com/sharpshooters/pdfs/Operational-Requrements-For-An-Infantry-Hand-Weapon.pdf">[2]</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clip only (internal/fixed magazine)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bergmann_1896" title="Bergmann 1896">Bergmann 1896</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mannlicher_M1894" title="Mannlicher M1894">Mannlicher M1894</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roth-Steyr_M1907" class="mw-redirect" title="Roth-Steyr M1907">Roth-Steyr M1907</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mauser_C96" title="Mauser C96">Mauser C96</a> • <a href="/wiki/Steyr_M1912" class="mw-redirect" title="Steyr M1912">Steyr M1912</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mosin-Nagant" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosin-Nagant">Mosin-Nagant</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gewehr_98" title="Gewehr 98">Gewehr 98</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karabiner_98k" title="Karabiner 98k">Karabiner 98k</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">M1903 Springfield</a> • <a href="/wiki/M1917_Enfield" title="M1917 Enfield">M1917 Enfield</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mannlicher_M1895" title="Mannlicher M1895">Mannlicher M1895</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carcano" title="Carcano">Carcano</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pedersen_rifle" title="Pedersen rifle">Pedersen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6nberger-Laumann_1892" title="Schönberger-Laumann 1892">Schönberger-Laumann 1892</a> • <a href="/wiki/SKS" title="SKS">SKS</a> • <a href="/wiki/Type_11_light_machine_gun" title="Type 11 light machine gun">Type 11 LMG</a> • <a href="/wiki/Type_K%C5%8D_Rifle" title="Type Kō Rifle">Type Kō</a> • <a href="/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a> • <a href="/wiki/M1941_Johnson_rifle" title="M1941 Johnson rifle">M1941 Johnson</a> • <a href="/wiki/OA-93" class="mw-redirect" title="OA-93">OA-96 carbine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zastava_M59/66" title="Zastava M59/66">Zastava M59/66</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dual use (clip and magazine)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ag_m/42" class="mw-redirect" title="Ag m/42">Ag m/42</a> • <a href="/wiki/AVS-36" title="AVS-36">AVS-36</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bergmann%E2%80%93Bayard_pistol" title="Bergmann–Bayard pistol">Bergmann–Bayard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Lee–Enfield</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mauser_Model_1889" title="Mauser Model 1889">Mauser Model 1889</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gewehr_43" title="Gewehr 43">Gewehr 43</a> • <a href="/wiki/K31" title="K31">K31</a> • <a href="/wiki/MAS-49" class="mw-redirect" title="MAS-49">MAS-49</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ruger_Mini-14" title="Ruger Mini-14">Ruger Mini-14</a> • <a href="/wiki/SVT-40" title="SVT-40">SVT-40</a> • <a href="/wiki/T48_rifle" title="T48 rifle">T48 rifle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Type_63_assault_rifle" title="Type 63 assault rifle">Type 63</a> • <a href="/wiki/Type_81_assault_rifle" title="Type 81 assault rifle">Type 81</a> •</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Speedloader" title="Speedloader">Speedloader</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stripper_clip" title="Stripper clip">Stripper clip</a> •</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="US_infantry_weapons_of_World_War_I" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWIUSInfWeaponsNav" title="Template:WWIUSInfWeaponsNav"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWIUSInfWeaponsNav" title="Template talk:WWIUSInfWeaponsNav"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWIUSInfWeaponsNav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWIUSInfWeaponsNav"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="US_infantry_weapons_of_World_War_I" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">US infantry weapons of World War I</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Sidearm_(weapon)" title="Sidearm (weapon)">Sidearms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M1911_pistol" title="M1911 pistol">M1911 pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1917_Revolver" title="M1917 Revolver">M1917 Revolver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_New_Service" title="Colt New Service">M1909 revolver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_M1892" title="Colt M1892">Colt M1892 series revolvers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">M1903 Springfield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedersen_device" title="Pedersen device">Pedersen Device</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1917_Enfield" title="M1917 Enfield">M1917 Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthier_rifle" title="Berthier rifle">Berthier rifle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine<br />guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Light_machine_gun" title="Light machine gun">Light machine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chauchat" title="Chauchat">Chauchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1918_Browning_automatic_rifle" title="M1918 Browning automatic rifle">M1918 BAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_M1909_Ben%C3%A9t%E2%80%93Merci%C3%A9_machine_gun" title="Hotchkiss M1909 Benét–Mercié machine gun">M1909 Benét–Mercié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_gun" title="Lewis gun">Lewis gun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_machine_gun" title="Heavy machine gun">Heavy machine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M1895_Colt%E2%80%93Browning_machine_gun" title="M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun">M1895 Colt–Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_Mle_1914_machine_gun" title="Hotchkiss Mle 1914 machine gun">M1914 Hotchkiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_machine_gun#Colt–Vickers_M1915" title="Vickers machine gun">Colt–Vickers M1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1917_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1917 Browning machine gun">M1917 Browning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">Shotguns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Model_1897" title="Winchester Model 1897">Winchester Model 1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Model_1912" title="Winchester Model 1912">Winchester Model 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browning_Auto-5" title="Browning Auto-5">Browning Auto-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remington_Model_10" title="Remington Model 10">Remington Model 10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Grenade" title="Grenade">Grenades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F1_grenade_(France)" title="F1 grenade (France)">F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mills_bomb" title="Mills bomb">Mills bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_1_grenade" title="Mk 1 grenade">Mk 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_2_grenade" title="Mk 2 grenade">Mk 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK3_grenade" title="MK3 grenade">Mk 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VB_rifle_grenade" title="VB rifle grenade">VB rifle grenade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">Cartridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauge_(firearms)" title="Gauge (firearms)">12 Gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.45_ACP" title=".45 ACP">.45 ACP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.45_Colt" title=".45 Colt">.45 Colt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.38_Long_Colt" title=".38 Long Colt">.38 Long Colt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06 Springfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._infantry_weapons_of_World_War_II_and_Korea" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWIIUSInfWeaponsNav" title="Template:WWIIUSInfWeaponsNav"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWIIUSInfWeaponsNav" title="Template talk:WWIIUSInfWeaponsNav"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWIIUSInfWeaponsNav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWIIUSInfWeaponsNav"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._infantry_weapons_of_World_War_II_and_Korea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">U.S.</a> infantry weapons of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Sidearm_(weapon)" title="Sidearm (weapon)">Sidearms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M1911_pistol" title="M1911 pistol">M1911/M1911A1 pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_Model_1903_Pocket_Hammerless" title="Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammerless">Colt Model 1903/1908 Pocket Hammerless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Standard_HDM" title="High Standard HDM">High Standard HDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1917_revolver" class="mw-redirect" title="M1917 revolver">M1917 revolver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_%26_Wesson_Model_10" title="Smith & Wesson Model 10">Smith & Wesson "Victory" revolver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_New_Service" title="Colt New Service">Colt New Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_Official_Police" title="Colt Official Police">Colt Official Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">carbines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">M1903 Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1917_Enfield" title="M1917 Enfield">M1917 Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_carbine" title="M1 carbine">M1 carbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1941_Johnson_rifle" title="M1941 Johnson rifle">M1941 Johnson rifle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">Submachine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun" title="Thompson submachine gun">M1928/M1928A1/M1/M1A1 Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_Hyde" title="M2 Hyde">M2 Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M3_submachine_gun" title="M3 submachine gun">M3/M3A1 'Grease gun'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M50_Reising" title="M50 Reising">Reising M50/M55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Defense_M42" title="United Defense M42">United Defense M42</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Hand_grenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand grenade">Grenades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mk_2_grenade" title="Mk 2 grenade">Mk 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK3_grenade" title="MK3 grenade">Mk 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M7_grenade_launcher" title="M7 grenade launcher">M7 grenade launcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">Shotguns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Model_1897" title="Winchester Model 1897">Winchester Model 1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithaca_37" title="Ithaca 37">Ithaca M37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Model_1912" title="Winchester Model 1912">Winchester Model 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browning_Auto-5" title="Browning Auto-5">Browning Auto-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remington_Model_31" title="Remington Model 31">Remington Model 31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevens_Model_520/620" title="Stevens Model 520/620">Stevens M520-30/M620</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine guns</a> and larger</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M1917_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1917 Browning machine gun">M1917 Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1918_Browning_automatic_rifle" title="M1918 Browning automatic rifle">M1918 BAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">M1919 Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1941_Johnson_machine_gun" title="M1941 Johnson machine gun">M1941 Johnson LMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">M2 Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_gun" title="Lewis gun">Lewis gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazooka" title="Bazooka">Bazooka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_flamethrower" title="M2 flamethrower">M2 flamethrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1A1_Flamethrower" class="mw-redirect" title="M1A1 Flamethrower">M1A1 flamethrower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">Cartridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauge_(firearms)" title="Gauge (firearms)">12 Gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.22_LR" class="mw-redirect" title=".22 LR">.22 LR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.32_ACP" title=".32 ACP">.32 ACP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.380_ACP" title=".380 ACP">.380 ACP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.45_ACP" title=".45 ACP">.45 ACP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.38_Special" title=".38 Special">.38 Special</a></li> 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alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5cd4cd96d5-w57pc","wgBackendResponseTime":206,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.187","walltime":"1.491","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12079,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":192232,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":20690,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":211160,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1280.025 1 -total"," 29.58% 378.632 1 Template:Reflist"," 12.47% 159.678 1 Template:Infobox_weapon"," 11.34% 145.127 1 Template:Infobox"," 10.41% 133.291 11 Template:Cite_web"," 7.38% 94.481 10 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