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class="jsx-5de5b851a90f387"><img src="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/decoding-pyramid-img.width-2000.png" alt="" srcSet="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/decoding-pyramid-img.width-2000.png 1920w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/decoding-pyramid-img.width-1500.png 1500w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/decoding-pyramid-img.width-800.png 800w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/decoding-pyramid-img.width-600.png 600w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/decoding-pyramid-img.width-400.png 400w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/decoding-pyramid-img.width-300.png 300w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" class="jsx-2524453792 "/><div class="jsx-5de5b851a90f387 title hero-title"><span class="jsx-5de5b851a90f387 overline">Watch | Episode</span><h3 class="jsx-5de5b851a90f387 alpha cf"><span class="jsx-5de5b851a90f387">Decoding the Great Pyramid</span></h3><div class="jsx-5de5b851a90f387 description"><p>New archeological evidence sheds light on the stunning engineering of the Great Pyramid of Giza.</p></div><a aria-label="null, Decoding the Great Pyramid" class="jsx-5de5b851a90f387 button" href="/wgbh/nova/video/decoding-the-great-pyramid/">Watch</a></div></div></section><section class="jsx-795ad97d004eefca feature-content"><header class="jsx-795ad97d004eefca assistive-text"><h2 class="jsx-795ad97d004eefca">Featured Content: Ancient Worlds</h2></header><div class="jsx-795ad97d004eefca content cf grid"><article class="jsx-795ad97d004eefca"><a class="jsx-447409963 link-reset card cf" href="/wgbh/nova/video/making-north-america-human/"><figure class="jsx-2104659082"><span class="jsx-f3c2a27e2e815a81 play-icon corner"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="jsx-f3c2a27e2e815a81"><path d="M81.4 50.4q.15683594-.4 0-.85-.10527344-.40976562-.45-.7l-51.3-42.6q-.45859375-.38320312-1.05-.35-.59160156.03867187-1 .45-.40410156.45820313-.4 1.05v85.25q-.00410156.59179688.4 1 .40839844.46132812 1 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href="/wgbh/nova/video/great-human-odyssey/"><figure class="jsx-2104659082"><span class="jsx-f3c2a27e2e815a81 play-icon corner"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="jsx-f3c2a27e2e815a81"><path d="M81.4 50.4q.15683594-.4 0-.85-.10527344-.40976562-.45-.7l-51.3-42.6q-.45859375-.38320312-1.05-.35-.59160156.03867187-1 .45-.40410156.45820313-.4 1.05v85.25q-.00410156.59179688.4 1 .40839844.46132812 1 .5.59140625.03320313 1.05-.35l51.3-42.65q.34472656-.29023437.45-.75z" class="jsx-f3c2a27e2e815a81"></path></svg></span><img src="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great-human-odyssey-hero_3hSyktl.width-2000.jpg" alt="" srcSet="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great-human-odyssey-hero_3hSyktl.width-2000.jpg 1920w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great-human-odyssey-hero_3hSyktl.width-1500.jpg 1500w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great-human-odyssey-hero_3hSyktl.width-800.jpg 800w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great-human-odyssey-hero_3hSyktl.width-600.jpg 600w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great-human-odyssey-hero_3hSyktl.width-400.jpg 400w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great-human-odyssey-hero_3hSyktl.width-300.jpg 300w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" class="jsx-2524453792 "/></figure><span class="jsx-2104659082">Watch | Episode</span><h3 class="jsx-2104659082 cf"><b class="jsx-2104659082">Great Human Odyssey</b></h3></a></article><div class="jsx-795ad97d004eefca title-card"><figure class="jsx-795ad97d004eefca"><img src="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/topic-ancient-worlds.width-1500.jpg" alt="" srcSet="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/topic-ancient-worlds.width-1500.jpg 1000w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/topic-ancient-worlds.width-800.jpg 800w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/topic-ancient-worlds.width-600.jpg 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1280w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-800.png 800w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-600.png 600w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-400.png 400w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-300.png 300w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" class="jsx-2524453792 "/></figure><span class="jsx-2104659082">Read | Article</span><h3 class="jsx-2104659082 cf"><b class="jsx-2104659082">How Was the Great Pyramid Built?</b></h3><div class="jsx-2104659082 description"><p data-block-key="a10we">Records show how the Egyptians built the Great Pyramid more than 4500 years ago.</p></div></a></article><article class="jsx-795ad97d004eefca"><a class="jsx-447409963 link-reset card cf" href="/wgbh/nova/video/lost-tombs-of-notre-dame/"><figure class="jsx-2104659082"><span class="jsx-f3c2a27e2e815a81 play-icon center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="jsx-f3c2a27e2e815a81"><path d="M81.4 50.4q.15683594-.4 0-.85-.10527344-.40976562-.45-.7l-51.3-42.6q-.45859375-.38320312-1.05-.35-.59160156.03867187-1 .45-.40410156.45820313-.4 1.05v85.25q-.00410156.59179688.4 1 .40839844.46132812 1 .5.59140625.03320313 1.05-.35l51.3-42.65q.34472656-.29023437.45-.75z" class="jsx-f3c2a27e2e815a81"></path></svg></span><img src="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-2500.jpg" alt="Human Skeleton in front of a dark blue background" srcSet="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-2500.jpg 2500w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-2000.jpg 2000w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-1500.jpg 1500w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-800.jpg 800w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-600.jpg 600w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-400.jpg 400w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-300.jpg 300w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" class="jsx-2524453792 "/></figure><span class="jsx-2104659082">Watch | Episode</span><h3 class="jsx-2104659082 cf"><b class="jsx-2104659082">Lost Tombs of Notre Dame</b></h3><div class="jsx-2104659082 description"><p data-block-key="fj49p">Mysterious bodies are found under one of the world’s most famous cathedrals.</p></div></a></article></div><div class="jsx-795ad97d004eefca results"><article class="jsx-795ad97d004eefca cf"><a class="jsx-447409963 link-reset card cf" href="/wgbh/nova/article/who-was-otzi-the-iceman/"><figure class="jsx-684090880"><img src="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-1500.png" alt="Frozen Mummy" srcSet="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-1500.png 1164w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-800.png 800w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-600.png 600w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-400.png 400w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-300.png 300w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" class="jsx-2524453792 "/></figure><span class="jsx-684090880">Read | Article</span><h3 class="jsx-684090880 cf"><b class="jsx-684090880">Who was Ötzi the Iceman?</b></h3><div class="jsx-684090880 description"><p data-block-key="k2k5k">Meet Europe’s five-thousand-year-old murder victim.</p></div></a></article><article class="jsx-795ad97d004eefca cf"><a class="jsx-447409963 link-reset card cf" href="/wgbh/nova/article/who-were-the-ancient-maya/"><figure class="jsx-684090880"><img src="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-2000.png" alt="Close-up on large carved face in side of temple at, Lamanai, Belize" srcSet="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-2000.png 1920w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-1500.png 1500w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-800.png 800w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-600.png 600w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-400.png 400w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-300.png 300w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" class="jsx-2524453792 "/></figure><span class="jsx-684090880">Read | Article</span><h3 class="jsx-684090880 cf"><b class="jsx-684090880">Who Were the Ancient Maya?</b></h3><div class="jsx-684090880 description"><p data-block-key="v487q">Ancient Maya had a rich history and complex culture that is only now being fully appreciated.</p></div></a></article><article class="jsx-795ad97d004eefca cf"><a class="jsx-447409963 link-reset card cf" href="/wgbh/nova/article/7-nova-documentaries-on-iconic-landmarks/"><figure class="jsx-684090880"><img src="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-2500.jpg" alt="The Great Pyramid of Giza from the angle of a pedestrian." srcSet="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-2500.jpg 2500w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-2000.jpg 2000w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-1500.jpg 1500w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-800.jpg 800w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-600.jpg 600w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-400.jpg 400w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-300.jpg 300w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" class="jsx-2524453792 "/></figure><span class="jsx-684090880">Read | Article</span><h3 class="jsx-684090880 cf"><b class="jsx-684090880">7 NOVA Documentaries on Iconic Landmarks</b></h3><div class="jsx-684090880 description"><p data-block-key="as6tb">Learn how some of the great structures of the world—the Eiffel Tower, the Great Pyramids, and more—were built.</p></div></a></article><article class="jsx-795ad97d004eefca cf"><a class="jsx-447409963 link-reset card cf" href="/wgbh/nova/video/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-island/"><figure class="jsx-684090880"><span class="jsx-f3c2a27e2e815a81 play-icon corner"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="jsx-f3c2a27e2e815a81"><path d="M81.4 50.4q.15683594-.4 0-.85-.10527344-.40976562-.45-.7l-51.3-42.6q-.45859375-.38320312-1.05-.35-.59160156.03867187-1 .45-.40410156.45820313-.4 1.05v85.25q-.00410156.59179688.4 1 .40839844.46132812 1 .5.59140625.03320313 1.05-.35l51.3-42.65q.34472656-.29023437.45-.75z" class="jsx-f3c2a27e2e815a81"></path></svg></span><img src="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isl.width-2000.png" alt="" srcSet="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isl.width-2000.png 1920w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isl.width-1500.png 1500w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-800.png 800w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-600.png 600w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-400.png 400w,https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-300.png 300w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" class="jsx-2524453792 "/></figure><span class="jsx-684090880">Watch | Short</span><h3 class="jsx-684090880 cf"><b class="jsx-684090880">What really led to the collapse of Easter Island?</b></h3><div class="jsx-684090880 description"><p data-block-key="zo2rb">What happened to the Rapa Nui civilization is shrouded in mystery.</p></div></a></article><article class="jsx-795ad97d004eefca cf"><a class="jsx-447409963 link-reset card cf" href="/wgbh/nova/video/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked/"><figure class="jsx-684090880"><span class="jsx-f3c2a27e2e815a81 play-icon corner"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="jsx-f3c2a27e2e815a81"><path d="M81.4 50.4q.15683594-.4 0-.85-.10527344-.40976562-.45-.7l-51.3-42.6q-.45859375-.38320312-1.05-.35-.59160156.03867187-1 .45-.40410156.45820313-.4 1.05v85.25q-.00410156.59179688.4 1 .40839844.46132812 1 .5.59140625.03320313 1.05-.35l51.3-42.65q.34472656-.29023437.45-.75z" 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class=\"related\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe last surviving wonder of the ancient world, the Great Pyramid of Piza has mystified archeologists for decades. But archeological evidence gives clues as to how ancient Egyptians were able to construct something of that scale and complexity. These papyri, which were excavated at the site Wadi al-Jarf, have information about times, dates, and cargo deliveries––almost like an Excel spreadsheet of what the workers received.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo build the pyramid some 4500 years ago, Egyptians needed high quality tools to cut the massive stones. They imported copper mined from the Sinai and sent across the Red Sea to Wadi al-Jarf.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Great Pyramid required three different types of stone. The exterior was made of high-quality limestone, the inner core consisted of a more common limestone, and the chambers for the sacred tomb of the king were made of granite. While the limestones were sourced locally, the granite stones proved more difficult. They came from a quarry in Aswan, 500 miles south of Giza.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe millions of tons of stone required were brought to the site on boats sailing the Nile. The Egyptians used systems of basins and waterways to deliver the stone directly to the construction site, about 100 feet higher.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“The major influx of materials– both gigantic stones, timber, wood, grain to feed the people––happened during the flood season, when the Nile rose and covered the valley and filled the deep channel,” says archeologist Mark Lehner.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo raise the blocks up the sloping sides of the pyramids, they used ramps and embankments. This was before the days of the wheel, but Egyptians used sledges to carry large rocks up.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhile thousands of laborers helped build the pyramid, records reveal there was one man in charge of the successful operation: Ankh-haf. The half brother of the pharaoh, he was essentially the chief of the administration and big boss for building the pyramid. He and the many workers who contributed to the project pulled off one of the greatest feats in archaeological history–a wonder of the world that still stands today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"newsletter\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","author":["hannah-docter-loeb"],"short_description":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"a10we\"\u003eRecords show how the Egyptians built the Great Pyramid more than 4500 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e","hits_weekly":0,"hits_daily":0,"card":{"title":"How Was the Great Pyramid Built?","slug":"how-was-the-great-pyramid-built","page_type":"article","canonical_image":{"mime_type":"image/png","alt_text":"The Great Pyramid","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/great_pyramid_hero.png","renditions":[{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-300.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-400.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-600.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-800.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1280,"height":720,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-1500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1280,"height":720,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-2000.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1280,"height":720,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-2500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+page"}},"sort":[1728591240000]},{"_index":"content","_type":"doc","_id":"episode-6848","_score":null,"_source":{"slug":"lost-tombs-of-notre-dame","title":"Lost Tombs of Notre Dame","topic":"ancient","brand":"nova","content_type":"episodepage","length":0,"publish_date":"2024-10-07","hero_image":{"mime_type":"image/jpeg","alt_text":"Human Skeleton in front of a dark blue background","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/LTND_Blank_Image.jpg","renditions":[{"width":2500,"height":1406,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-2500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":2000,"height":1125,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-2000.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-1500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-800.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-600.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-400.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-300.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"external":false,"published":true,"content":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"fj49p\"\u003eMysterious bodies are found under one of the world’s most famous cathedrals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-block-key=\"0zhpo\"\u003eAfter the devastating 2019 fire at Notre Dame, two mysterious sarcophaguses were discovered under the cathedral’s stone floor. Who is buried in them, and what secrets will these coffins reveal? Follow a team of archaeologists and historians as they attempt to solve centuries-old mysteries using the latest scientific investigation techniques. What can forensic analysis of the remains reveal about one of the world’s most famous cathedrals and those who devoted their lives to it? \u003cb\u003e(Premiering December 18 at 9 pm on PBS.)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n","short_description":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"fj49p\"\u003eMysterious bodies are found under one of the world’s most famous cathedrals.\u003c/p\u003e","hits_weekly":0,"hits_daily":0,"airdates":["2024-12-19T02:00:00+00:00"],"most_recent_airdate":"2024-12-19T02:00:00+00:00","card":{"title":"Lost Tombs of Notre Dame","slug":"lost-tombs-of-notre-dame","page_type":"episodepage","canonical_image":{"mime_type":"image/jpeg","alt_text":"Human Skeleton in front of a dark blue background","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/LTND_Blank_Image.jpg","renditions":[{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-300.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-400.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-600.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-800.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-1500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":2000,"height":1125,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-2000.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":2500,"height":1406,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-2500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+page","airdates":["2024-12-19T02:00:00+00:00"]}},"sort":[1728259200000]},{"_index":"content","_type":"doc","_id":"article-6797","_score":null,"_source":{"slug":"who-was-otzi-the-iceman","title":"Who was Ötzi the Iceman?","topic":"ancient","brand":"next","content_type":"article","publish_date":"2024-08-05T18:34:59.393007+00:00","tags":["Iceman Reborn","iceman","Otzi","mystery","mummy","Murder"],"external":false,"published":true,"hero_image":{"mime_type":"image/png","alt_text":"Frozen Mummy","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.png","renditions":[{"width":1164,"height":688,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-1500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1164,"height":688,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-2000.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1164,"height":688,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-2500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":472,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-800.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":354,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-600.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":236,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-400.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":300,"height":177,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-300.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"related\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst spotted in 1991 by hikers traveling the Italian Alps, the mummified body of a man was soon excavated from the glacier where it had lain frozen for over five thousand years. That mummy became known as Ötzi the Iceman, and today, his remains are housed in the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology in Italy. Here are some of the things we’ve learned about him since the discovery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow long ago did he live?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUsing carbon dating and other tools, scientists dated Ötzi’s corpse to around 3350-3120 BCE, during a period known as the Chalcolithic, or “Copper Age”.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@novapbs/video/7281699444691668255\"\u003eWATCH: A 5,000-Year-Old Preserved Body\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow old was he when he died?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudies of Ötzi’s teeth and bones have shown that he was roughly 45 years old (give or take a year).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat did he look like?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter sequencing Ötzi’s genome, researchers determined that he had darker skin than Europeans today and likely also had male-pattern baldness. He had a total of 61 tattoos on his legs, wrists, and back.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow did he die?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBuried in Ötzi’s left shoulder is an arrowhead, which severed a major artery and likely caused his death. He also suffered a major head wound and a cut to his right hand. These injuries have led scholars to conclude that Ötzi was murdered, perhaps at the end of a days-long chase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@novapbs/video/7284353861412769067\"\u003eWATCH: How Did Ötzi the Iceman Die?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat did he have with him?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eÖtzi was well-prepared for the harsh life of the mountains. He was dressed in a coat, pants, and underwear sewn from goat and sheep hide as well as shoes made of deerskin and plant fibers. He also had a bearskin hat and another item made of woven grass, which may have been a cloak or a mat of some kind. A belt that he wore around his waist had a special pouch which contained various small stone and bone tools as well as two types of fungi he likely used as tinder for lighting fires and potentially for medical purposes. Entombed along with him were several weapons: a copper-bladed axe, a flintstone knife and sheath, a bow and a quiver with 14 arrows.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat was his last meal?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe contents of Ötzi’s stomach were well-preserved along with the rest of him. Scientists have determined that he ate meat from a deer and red ibex along with einkorn wheat and a small amount of bracken, a poisonous fern.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"newsletter\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","author":["abe-musselman"],"short_description":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"k2k5k\"\u003eMeet Europe’s five-thousand-year-old murder victim.\u003c/p\u003e","hits_weekly":0,"hits_daily":0,"card":{"title":"Who was Ötzi the Iceman?","slug":"who-was-otzi-the-iceman","page_type":"article","canonical_image":{"mime_type":"image/png","alt_text":"Frozen Mummy","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.png","renditions":[{"width":300,"height":177,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-300.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":236,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-400.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":354,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-600.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":472,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-800.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1164,"height":688,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-1500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1164,"height":688,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-2000.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1164,"height":688,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-2500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+page"}},"sort":[1722882899393]},{"_index":"content","_type":"doc","_id":"article-6790","_score":null,"_source":{"slug":"who-were-the-ancient-maya","title":"Who Were the Ancient Maya?","topic":"ancient","brand":"next","content_type":"article","publish_date":"2024-07-30T21:01:12.946434+00:00","tags":["Maya","ancient","Mayan","ancient civilization","ancient maya"],"external":false,"published":true,"hero_image":{"mime_type":"image/png","alt_text":"Close-up on large carved face in side of temple at, Lamanai, Belize","caption":{"html":"\u003cp\u003eClose-up on large carved face at, Lamanai, Belize\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":"Close-up on large carved face at, Lamanai, Belize"},"credit":{"html":"\u003cp\u003eLeif Kaldor\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":"Leif Kaldor"},"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.png","renditions":[{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-2000.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-2500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-1500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-800.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-600.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-400.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-300.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"related\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnder lush rainforest canopies in Central America lies evidence of the sophisticated \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/ancient-maya-metropolis/\"\u003eAncient Maya\u003c/a\u003e civilization. Nestled among impressive pyramids and temples, the ancient Maya were expert geo-engineers, artists, and mathematicians with complex knowledge of astronomy and movements of celestial bodies. Their rich histories are carved into intricate, colorful pottery and echoed in hieroglyphs used across their society.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the past 120 years, archeologists have been working to excavate remains of this spectacular society, with much of their endeavors taking place in the Maya Lowland region. Their efforts reveal evidence of bustling cities containing hundreds of thousands of people spanning across parts of Southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, and El Salvador, with the ancient Maya city of Caracol estimated to have housed 100,000 people in the year 700 A.D.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe complexity of the ancient Maya culture, however, has only been recognized in recent times. For centuries, the heritage of the Mayan was violently suppressed by Europeans, with early researchers also believing that the tropical Mesoamerican environment could not sustain large populations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“In order to dispossess the Maya and to better control them, [the Spanish] created this narrative in which they claimed that the current Maya were savage people that had nothing to do with the great, sophisticated people that built the great cities.” Francisco Estrada-Bellini, an archeologist who has worked in the Southern Maya Lowlands for over 30 years, said in an interview for NOVA’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/ancient-maya-metropolis/\"\u003eAncient Maya Metropolis\u003c/a\u003e, “And so that attitude has continued throughout the colonial period and up until the present, and has affected early explorers into the Maya Lowlands.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMillions of contemporary Maya descendants, with at least 30 Maya ethnolinguistic groups, continue to thrive today. Conservators like Jorge Can, Chief Conservator for the Belize Institute of Archaeology, has made it his life’s work to unearth and preserve his heritage. “I could say we, Maya, built it,” he said, “and then we continue that tradition over here.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cove-video\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe allow=\"encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"inline-cove-player\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"100%\" id=\"partnerPlayer\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//player.pbs.org/partnerplayer/oJCmndi5yRlMPcgrVMuYLA==/?topbar=false\u0026amp;end=0\u0026amp;endscreen=true\u0026amp;start=0\u0026amp;autoplay=false\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"newsletter\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","author":["florence-almeda"],"short_description":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"v487q\"\u003eAncient Maya had a rich history and complex culture that is only now being fully appreciated.\u003c/p\u003e","hits_weekly":0,"hits_daily":0,"card":{"title":"Who Were the Ancient Maya?","slug":"who-were-the-ancient-maya","page_type":"article","canonical_image":{"mime_type":"image/png","alt_text":"Close-up on large carved face in side of temple at, Lamanai, Belize","caption":{"html":"\u003cp\u003eClose-up on large carved face at, Lamanai, Belize\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":"Close-up on large carved face at, Lamanai, Belize"},"credit":{"html":"\u003cp\u003eLeif Kaldor\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":"Leif Kaldor"},"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.png","renditions":[{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-300.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-400.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-600.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-800.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-1500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-2000.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-2500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+page"}},"sort":[1722373272946]},{"_index":"content","_type":"doc","_id":"article-6769","_score":null,"_source":{"slug":"7-nova-documentaries-on-iconic-landmarks","title":"7 NOVA Documentaries on Iconic Landmarks","topic":"ancient","brand":"next","content_type":"article","publish_date":"2024-07-16T18:23:00+00:00","tags":["pyramids","Giza","Venice","Europe","notre dame","great pyramids","eiffel tower","Easter Island"],"dci":["social-behavioral-sciences"],"strand":["anthropology"],"external":false,"published":true,"hero_image":{"mime_type":"image/jpeg","alt_text":"The Great Pyramid of Giza from the angle of a pedestrian.","caption":{"html":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Pyramid - with tourists\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":"The Great Pyramid - with tourists"},"credit":{"html":"\u003cp\u003eTom Fowlie\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":"Tom Fowlie"},"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.jpg","renditions":[{"width":2500,"height":1406,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-2500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":2000,"height":1125,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-2000.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-1500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-800.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-600.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-400.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-300.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"content":"\u003cp\u003eBuilt icons of the world like the Eiffel Tower, the Great Pyramid of Giza, and the statues of Easter Island didn’t pop up out of nowhere. It took planning, engineering, math, physics, and ingenuity to construct some of the most impressive structures in the world.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHere are 7 NOVA documentaries about iconic landmarks and impressive feats of engineering:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cove-video\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"inline-cove-player\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"100%\" id=\"partnerPlayer\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//player.pbs.org/partnerplayer/nmqhp2k72C1d2o56dNn2Ww==/?topbar=false\u0026amp;end=0\u0026amp;endscreen=true\u0026amp;start=0\u0026amp;autoplay=false\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Great Pyramid of Giza\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe 6 million-ton Great Pyramid of Giza is the last surviving wonder of the ancient world. How did the Egyptians engineer the mighty pharaoh Khufu’s tomb so precisely, with none of today’s surveying and power tools? And who were the thousands of laborers who raised the stones? \"Decoding the Great Pyramid\" presents the latest evidence from groundbreaking archaeological research that has transformed our understanding of the ancient world’s most ambitious engineering project, revealing a “lost city\" and intimate details of the lives of the laborers and officials who toiled on the vast construction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cove-video\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe allow=\"encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"inline-cove-player\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"100%\" id=\"partnerPlayer\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//player.pbs.org/partnerplayer/bWUe9Mt0OZUP221KBUXfNw==/?topbar=false\u0026amp;end=0\u0026amp;endscreen=true\u0026amp;start=0\u0026amp;autoplay=false\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLondon Underground: The Elizabeth Line\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor over a decade, more than 10,000 engineers and construction workers race to build a brand-new subterranean railroad under London— the Elizabeth Line—London’s new Underground. One of Europe’s biggest engineering projects, the construction teams confront immense challenges, from building platforms and concourses the size of aircraft carriers hidden under London’s busiest shopping venue, Oxford Street, to designing, outfitting, and testing a fleet of 70 new high-speed trains from scratch in just two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cove-video\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe allow=\"encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"inline-cove-player\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"100%\" id=\"partnerPlayer\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//player.pbs.org/partnerplayer/yrXDdlruszh2zaWX1UqgIA==/?topbar=false\u0026amp;end=0\u0026amp;endscreen=true\u0026amp;start=0\u0026amp;autoplay=false\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEiffel Tower\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExplore the revolutionary engineering behind Paris’s iconic landmark. Completed in just over two years for the 1889 World’s Fair, the iron tower smashed the record for the tallest structure on Earth, ushering in a new age of global construction that reached for the skies. How did the engineers do it? Follow the innovations, successes, and failures that made one of the most famous buildings on the planet possible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cove-video\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe allow=\"encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"inline-cove-player\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"100%\" id=\"partnerPlayer\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//player.pbs.org/partnerplayer/KQNswlcgfeOU_3Ik_Vu-lA==/?topbar=false\u0026amp;end=0\u0026amp;endscreen=true\u0026amp;start=0\u0026amp;autoplay=false\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEaster Island Stone Statues\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow were the giant stone heads of Rapa Nui–also known as Easter Island–carved and raised, and why? Since Europeans arrived on this remote Pacific island over 300 years ago, controversy has swirled around the iconic ancient statues and the history of the people who created them. Now, a new generation of researchers is overturning old theories, revealing the rich history, innovation, and resilience of the Rapanui people, and uncovering intriguing new evidence about where they–and their practice of monumental stone building–came from.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cove-video\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe allow=\"encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"inline-cove-player\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"100%\" id=\"partnerPlayer\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//player.pbs.org/partnerplayer/UI_JeT7AeXq4EI0dEGIkSw==/?topbar=false\u0026amp;end=0\u0026amp;endscreen=true\u0026amp;start=0\u0026amp;autoplay=false\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNotre Dame\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFollowing the April, 2019 fire that almost destroyed Paris’s iconic Notre Dame Cathedral, a team of engineers, masons, and timber workers set out on the daunting challenge of restoring France’s historic landmark. The program traces the dramatic human and technical challenges of the project’s first three years, going behind-the-scenes with carpenters shaping lumber for the new roof and spire, stone masons repairing gaping holes in the vault, and artisans who use traditional techniques to restore stained glass windows. A symbol of the nation’s identity and resilience, Notre Dame gradually rises from the ashes, thanks to a restoration project like no other.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cove-video\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe allow=\"encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"inline-cove-player\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"100%\" id=\"partnerPlayer\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//player.pbs.org/partnerplayer/6yB8qln8txoLE4s7g4AoXg==/?topbar=false\u0026amp;end=0\u0026amp;endscreen=true\u0026amp;start=0\u0026amp;autoplay=false\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe City of Venice\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRising sea levels and sinking land threaten to destroy Venice. Leading scientists and engineers are racing against the clock and battling the forces of nature to try to save this historic city for future generations. Discover the innovative projects and feats of engineering currently underway, including a hi-tech flood barrier, eco-projects to conserve the lagoon, and new efforts to investigate erosion beneath the city. This is Venice as never seen before, at a critical moment in its rich history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"newsletter\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","author":["nova-staff"],"short_description":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"as6tb\"\u003eLearn how some of the great structures of the world—the Eiffel Tower, the Great Pyramids, and more—were built.\u003c/p\u003e","hits_weekly":0,"hits_daily":0,"card":{"title":"7 NOVA Documentaries on Iconic Landmarks","slug":"7-nova-documentaries-on-iconic-landmarks","page_type":"article","canonical_image":{"mime_type":"image/jpeg","alt_text":"The Great Pyramid of Giza from the angle of a pedestrian.","caption":{"html":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Pyramid - with tourists\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":"The Great Pyramid - with tourists"},"credit":{"html":"\u003cp\u003eTom Fowlie\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":"Tom Fowlie"},"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.jpg","renditions":[{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-300.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-400.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-600.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-800.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-1500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":2000,"height":1125,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-2000.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":2500,"height":1406,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-2500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+page"}},"sort":[1721154180000]},{"_index":"content","_type":"doc","_id":"sfv-6726","_score":null,"_source":{"slug":"what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-island","title":"What really led to the collapse of Easter Island?","topic":"ancient","brand":"nova","content_type":"shortvideopage","length":178,"publish_date":"2024-03-01T22:06:54.249496+00:00","tags":["moai","civilization","Rapa nui","Easter Island"],"external":false,"published":true,"hero_image":{"mime_type":"image/png","alt_text":"","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-island-hero.jpg","renditions":[{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isl.width-2000.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isl.width-2500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isl.width-1500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-800.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-600.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-400.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-300.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"content":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"zo2rb\"\u003eWhat happened to the Rapa Nui civilization is shrouded in mystery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-block-key=\"wqd7o\"\u003eThere are multiple theories about what happened to the people of Rapa Nui - also known as Easter Island - and the famous Moai statues. Some say the civilization fell into collapse and ruin. But a new theory tells a different story, one of resilience and ingenuity against all odds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-block-key=\"ig3s9\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat really led to the collapse of Easter Island?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"cvpp\"\u003eUploaded: Feb 27, 2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"42lrc\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"a6qui\"\u003eSpeaker 1: Rapa Nui, also known as Easter Island. This tiny little island in the South Pacific is world-famous for one thing, the Moai.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"6tb2c\"\u003eSpeaker 2: The Moai building has often been portrayed as some kind of frenzy, as some kind of competition between different clan groups where lots of trees were cut down in order to construct and to transport the Moai.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"e2t5\"\u003eSpeaker 1: According to this view, Moai building deforested the island, the soil was starved of nutrients, leaving a barren rock-strewn land. Then, this theory goes, things got worse.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"dcvdn\"\u003eSpeaker 2: The scarcity of resources resulted in a societal collapse. The island erupted into intertribal warfare and led to a very impoverished population living on a barren island.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"d7i72\"\u003eSpeaker 1: The true story of Rapa Nui is one of survival against the odds by an ingenious and resilient people who came to a bad land and made it good. Looking at all the archeological evidence, it seems more likely that rather than a self-inflicted ego side, the true collapse of Rapa Nui society was caused by outside influences.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"6e2os\"\u003eSpeaker 3: As time went on and the evidence accumulated, we realized that a lot of what people thought was collapse was something that actually happened after Europeans arrived, and it had an entirely different cause, and that was the introduction of Old World disease.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"btd5q\"\u003eSpeaker 4: There was the smallpox, there was the Spanish flu, leprosy, slave trading. It was difficult to live here, and it was more difficult to keep the social structures and the life as the way that we knew it.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"arho0\"\u003eSpeaker 5: Over time, we see people sort of abandoning Ahu and Moai. It\u0026#x27;s a loss of population. There are just fewer people because of the effects of diseases, so people are not attending to the Ahu and rebuilding them in the way that they did in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"4tdks\"\u003eSpeaker 1: Things got even worse in the 1860s.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"5tg35\"\u003eSpeaker 2: Peruvian slave traders captured about a third of the population on the island and forced them onto their ships to work in Peru.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"9tmp1\"\u003eSpeaker 6: There were protests. Even the Vatican got involved, and consequently, the companies were forced to return the inhabitants to the islands. However, these people had contracted smallpox on the American continent. Only 15 people made it home, and this was enough for an epidemic of smallpox to break out there.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"4qlsb\"\u003eSpeaker 1: By the time it was over, there were less than 200 Rapa Nui left alive.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","passport_start":"2024-02-27T22:03:14+00:00","short_description":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"zo2rb\"\u003eWhat happened to the Rapa Nui civilization is shrouded in mystery.\u003c/p\u003e","hits_weekly":0,"hits_daily":0,"card":{"title":"What really led to the collapse of Easter Island?","slug":"what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-island","page_type":"shortvideopage","canonical_image":{"mime_type":"image/png","alt_text":"","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-island-hero.jpg","renditions":[{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-300.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-400.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-600.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-800.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isl.width-1500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isl.width-2000.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isl.width-2500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+page"}},"sort":[1709330814249]},{"_index":"content","_type":"doc","_id":"sfv-6719","_score":null,"_source":{"slug":"how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked","title":"How Ancient Easter Island statues “walked”","topic":"ancient","brand":"nova","content_type":"shortvideopage","length":137,"publish_date":"2024-02-13T03:24:01.397810+00:00","tags":["maoi","Rapa nui","statues","Easter Island"],"external":false,"published":true,"hero_image":{"mime_type":"image/jpeg","alt_text":"","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.jpg","renditions":[{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-2000.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-2500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-1500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-800.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-600.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-400.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-300.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"content":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"xd8r2\"\u003eThese giant stone heads were not dragged on sleds, as once thought.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-block-key=\"qa17m\"\u003eA new generation of researchers is revealing the rich history, innovation, and resilience of the Rapanui people.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-block-key=\"vhxu7\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow Ancient Easter Island statues “walked”\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"4ntlg\"\u003ePublished: Feb 12, 2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"62elr\"\u003eSpeaker 1: Most visitors come all the way to Easter Island because of these stone statues, the moai, constructed between 1300 and sometime after the 1700s. There are more than 1000 of these giant carved figures scattered across the landscape. Cut from volcanic rock, some are more than 30 feet high. Over time, all of the moai have fallen down. The 50 or so that are upright today were put back up in recent decades. With their backs to the sea, they stare impassively into the island, arms held rigidly by their sides. Some stand on ceremonial platforms known as ahu. Others are sunk into the earth. How could the Rapa Nui build and transport the moai? When Carl and Terry analyzed the moai lying by the roads that led from the quarry, they noticed something significant. A moai on the ahu has a flat base, so the statue stands straight up, but most of the moai lying on the road have angled bases, and Carl and Terry believed that angle had a very specific purpose.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"aq8j7\"\u003eSpeaker 2: Road moai has to be shaped in a way that can be transported. They did it by shaping their base so they leaned forward to enable them to walk.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"a0eag\"\u003eSpeaker 3: This is a great example of the forward lean of these transport moai. So if you took this statue and we could put it back up, it would be leaning really far forward. It means that as you rock it side to side, it falls forward across that front edge...\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"2q34k\"\u003eSpeaker 2: Yeah.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"1etat\"\u003eSpeaker 3: And takes a step.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"7mqam\"\u003eSpeaker 2: Yeah.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"e5o33\"\u003eSpeaker 3: Without that, it would just rock back and forth and not really go anywhere. And walking really describes what these moai did.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"5g23h\"\u003eSpeaker 1: To test their theory, in 2012, Carl and Terry built a model of a moai out of concrete, carefully mixed to match the fragile density of the ancient statues\u0026#x27; volcanic rock, and made it walk.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"elvv8\"\u003eSpeaker 2: In our experiments, we found it took remarkably few people to move the statue, and we were terrible at it. We were the least expert of any people who\u0026#x27;ve ever moved a moai in the world, but we were able to do a five-ton statue with 18 people.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","passport_start":"2024-02-13T00:15:31+00:00","short_description":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"xd8r2\"\u003eThese giant stone heads were not dragged on sleds, as once thought.\u003c/p\u003e","hits_weekly":0,"hits_daily":0,"card":{"title":"How Ancient Easter Island statues “walked”","slug":"how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked","page_type":"shortvideopage","canonical_image":{"mime_type":"image/jpeg","alt_text":"","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.jpg","renditions":[{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-300.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-400.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-600.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-800.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-1500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-2000.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-2500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+page"}},"sort":[1707794641397]}]}},"split_search_results":{"first":[{"_index":"content","_type":"doc","_id":"article-6854","_score":null,"_source":{"slug":"how-was-the-great-pyramid-built","title":"How Was the Great Pyramid Built?","topic":"ancient","brand":"next","content_type":"article","publish_date":"2024-10-10T20:14:00+00:00","tags":["pyramids","Pharaoh Khufu",",Giza,Egypt,archaeology,","great pyramid",",","pyramid"],"dci":["engineering-technology-applications-of-science"],"external":false,"published":true,"hero_image":{"mime_type":"image/png","alt_text":"The Great Pyramid","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/great_pyramid_hero.png","renditions":[{"width":1280,"height":720,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-1500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1280,"height":720,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-2000.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1280,"height":720,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-2500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-800.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-600.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-400.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-300.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"related\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe last surviving wonder of the ancient world, the Great Pyramid of Piza has mystified archeologists for decades. But archeological evidence gives clues as to how ancient Egyptians were able to construct something of that scale and complexity. These papyri, which were excavated at the site Wadi al-Jarf, have information about times, dates, and cargo deliveries––almost like an Excel spreadsheet of what the workers received.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo build the pyramid some 4500 years ago, Egyptians needed high quality tools to cut the massive stones. They imported copper mined from the Sinai and sent across the Red Sea to Wadi al-Jarf.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Great Pyramid required three different types of stone. The exterior was made of high-quality limestone, the inner core consisted of a more common limestone, and the chambers for the sacred tomb of the king were made of granite. While the limestones were sourced locally, the granite stones proved more difficult. They came from a quarry in Aswan, 500 miles south of Giza.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe millions of tons of stone required were brought to the site on boats sailing the Nile. The Egyptians used systems of basins and waterways to deliver the stone directly to the construction site, about 100 feet higher.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“The major influx of materials– both gigantic stones, timber, wood, grain to feed the people––happened during the flood season, when the Nile rose and covered the valley and filled the deep channel,” says archeologist Mark Lehner.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo raise the blocks up the sloping sides of the pyramids, they used ramps and embankments. This was before the days of the wheel, but Egyptians used sledges to carry large rocks up.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhile thousands of laborers helped build the pyramid, records reveal there was one man in charge of the successful operation: Ankh-haf. The half brother of the pharaoh, he was essentially the chief of the administration and big boss for building the pyramid. He and the many workers who contributed to the project pulled off one of the greatest feats in archaeological history–a wonder of the world that still stands today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"newsletter\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","author":["hannah-docter-loeb"],"short_description":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"a10we\"\u003eRecords show how the Egyptians built the Great Pyramid more than 4500 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e","hits_weekly":0,"hits_daily":0,"card":{"title":"How Was the Great Pyramid Built?","slug":"how-was-the-great-pyramid-built","page_type":"article","canonical_image":{"mime_type":"image/png","alt_text":"The Great Pyramid","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/great_pyramid_hero.png","renditions":[{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-300.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-400.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-600.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-800.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1280,"height":720,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-1500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1280,"height":720,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-2000.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1280,"height":720,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/great_pyramid_hero.width-2500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+page"}},"sort":[1728591240000]},{"_index":"content","_type":"doc","_id":"episode-6848","_score":null,"_source":{"slug":"lost-tombs-of-notre-dame","title":"Lost Tombs of Notre Dame","topic":"ancient","brand":"nova","content_type":"episodepage","length":0,"publish_date":"2024-10-07","hero_image":{"mime_type":"image/jpeg","alt_text":"Human Skeleton in front of a dark blue background","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/LTND_Blank_Image.jpg","renditions":[{"width":2500,"height":1406,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-2500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":2000,"height":1125,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-2000.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-1500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-800.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-600.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-400.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-300.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"external":false,"published":true,"content":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"fj49p\"\u003eMysterious bodies are found under one of the world’s most famous cathedrals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-block-key=\"0zhpo\"\u003eAfter the devastating 2019 fire at Notre Dame, two mysterious sarcophaguses were discovered under the cathedral’s stone floor. Who is buried in them, and what secrets will these coffins reveal? Follow a team of archaeologists and historians as they attempt to solve centuries-old mysteries using the latest scientific investigation techniques. What can forensic analysis of the remains reveal about one of the world’s most famous cathedrals and those who devoted their lives to it? \u003cb\u003e(Premiering December 18 at 9 pm on PBS.)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n","short_description":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"fj49p\"\u003eMysterious bodies are found under one of the world’s most famous cathedrals.\u003c/p\u003e","hits_weekly":0,"hits_daily":0,"airdates":["2024-12-19T02:00:00+00:00"],"most_recent_airdate":"2024-12-19T02:00:00+00:00","card":{"title":"Lost Tombs of Notre Dame","slug":"lost-tombs-of-notre-dame","page_type":"episodepage","canonical_image":{"mime_type":"image/jpeg","alt_text":"Human Skeleton in front of a dark blue background","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/LTND_Blank_Image.jpg","renditions":[{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-300.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-400.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-600.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-800.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-1500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":2000,"height":1125,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-2000.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":2500,"height":1406,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/LTND_Blank_Image.width-2500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+page","airdates":["2024-12-19T02:00:00+00:00"]}},"sort":[1728259200000]}],"second":[{"_index":"content","_type":"doc","_id":"article-6797","_score":null,"_source":{"slug":"who-was-otzi-the-iceman","title":"Who was Ötzi the Iceman?","topic":"ancient","brand":"next","content_type":"article","publish_date":"2024-08-05T18:34:59.393007+00:00","tags":["Iceman Reborn","iceman","Otzi","mystery","mummy","Murder"],"external":false,"published":true,"hero_image":{"mime_type":"image/png","alt_text":"Frozen Mummy","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.png","renditions":[{"width":1164,"height":688,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-1500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1164,"height":688,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-2000.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1164,"height":688,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-2500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":472,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-800.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":354,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-600.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":236,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-400.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":300,"height":177,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-300.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"related\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst spotted in 1991 by hikers traveling the Italian Alps, the mummified body of a man was soon excavated from the glacier where it had lain frozen for over five thousand years. That mummy became known as Ötzi the Iceman, and today, his remains are housed in the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology in Italy. Here are some of the things we’ve learned about him since the discovery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow long ago did he live?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUsing carbon dating and other tools, scientists dated Ötzi’s corpse to around 3350-3120 BCE, during a period known as the Chalcolithic, or “Copper Age”.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@novapbs/video/7281699444691668255\"\u003eWATCH: A 5,000-Year-Old Preserved Body\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow old was he when he died?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudies of Ötzi’s teeth and bones have shown that he was roughly 45 years old (give or take a year).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat did he look like?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter sequencing Ötzi’s genome, researchers determined that he had darker skin than Europeans today and likely also had male-pattern baldness. He had a total of 61 tattoos on his legs, wrists, and back.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow did he die?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBuried in Ötzi’s left shoulder is an arrowhead, which severed a major artery and likely caused his death. He also suffered a major head wound and a cut to his right hand. These injuries have led scholars to conclude that Ötzi was murdered, perhaps at the end of a days-long chase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@novapbs/video/7284353861412769067\"\u003eWATCH: How Did Ötzi the Iceman Die?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat did he have with him?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eÖtzi was well-prepared for the harsh life of the mountains. He was dressed in a coat, pants, and underwear sewn from goat and sheep hide as well as shoes made of deerskin and plant fibers. He also had a bearskin hat and another item made of woven grass, which may have been a cloak or a mat of some kind. A belt that he wore around his waist had a special pouch which contained various small stone and bone tools as well as two types of fungi he likely used as tinder for lighting fires and potentially for medical purposes. Entombed along with him were several weapons: a copper-bladed axe, a flintstone knife and sheath, a bow and a quiver with 14 arrows.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat was his last meal?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe contents of Ötzi’s stomach were well-preserved along with the rest of him. Scientists have determined that he ate meat from a deer and red ibex along with einkorn wheat and a small amount of bracken, a poisonous fern.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"newsletter\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","author":["abe-musselman"],"short_description":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"k2k5k\"\u003eMeet Europe’s five-thousand-year-old murder victim.\u003c/p\u003e","hits_weekly":0,"hits_daily":0,"card":{"title":"Who was Ötzi the Iceman?","slug":"who-was-otzi-the-iceman","page_type":"article","canonical_image":{"mime_type":"image/png","alt_text":"Frozen Mummy","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.png","renditions":[{"width":300,"height":177,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-300.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":236,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-400.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":354,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-600.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":472,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-800.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1164,"height":688,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-1500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1164,"height":688,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-2000.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1164,"height":688,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/ICE-43-Otzi_relica_upper_body_on_black.width-2500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+page"}},"sort":[1722882899393]},{"_index":"content","_type":"doc","_id":"article-6790","_score":null,"_source":{"slug":"who-were-the-ancient-maya","title":"Who Were the Ancient Maya?","topic":"ancient","brand":"next","content_type":"article","publish_date":"2024-07-30T21:01:12.946434+00:00","tags":["Maya","ancient","Mayan","ancient civilization","ancient maya"],"external":false,"published":true,"hero_image":{"mime_type":"image/png","alt_text":"Close-up on large carved face in side of temple at, Lamanai, Belize","caption":{"html":"\u003cp\u003eClose-up on large carved face at, Lamanai, Belize\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":"Close-up on large carved face at, Lamanai, Belize"},"credit":{"html":"\u003cp\u003eLeif Kaldor\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":"Leif Kaldor"},"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.png","renditions":[{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-2000.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-2500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-1500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-800.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-600.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-400.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-300.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"related\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnder lush rainforest canopies in Central America lies evidence of the sophisticated \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/ancient-maya-metropolis/\"\u003eAncient Maya\u003c/a\u003e civilization. Nestled among impressive pyramids and temples, the ancient Maya were expert geo-engineers, artists, and mathematicians with complex knowledge of astronomy and movements of celestial bodies. Their rich histories are carved into intricate, colorful pottery and echoed in hieroglyphs used across their society.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the past 120 years, archeologists have been working to excavate remains of this spectacular society, with much of their endeavors taking place in the Maya Lowland region. Their efforts reveal evidence of bustling cities containing hundreds of thousands of people spanning across parts of Southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, and El Salvador, with the ancient Maya city of Caracol estimated to have housed 100,000 people in the year 700 A.D.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe complexity of the ancient Maya culture, however, has only been recognized in recent times. For centuries, the heritage of the Mayan was violently suppressed by Europeans, with early researchers also believing that the tropical Mesoamerican environment could not sustain large populations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“In order to dispossess the Maya and to better control them, [the Spanish] created this narrative in which they claimed that the current Maya were savage people that had nothing to do with the great, sophisticated people that built the great cities.” Francisco Estrada-Bellini, an archeologist who has worked in the Southern Maya Lowlands for over 30 years, said in an interview for NOVA’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/ancient-maya-metropolis/\"\u003eAncient Maya Metropolis\u003c/a\u003e, “And so that attitude has continued throughout the colonial period and up until the present, and has affected early explorers into the Maya Lowlands.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMillions of contemporary Maya descendants, with at least 30 Maya ethnolinguistic groups, continue to thrive today. Conservators like Jorge Can, Chief Conservator for the Belize Institute of Archaeology, has made it his life’s work to unearth and preserve his heritage. “I could say we, Maya, built it,” he said, “and then we continue that tradition over here.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cove-video\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe allow=\"encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"inline-cove-player\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"100%\" id=\"partnerPlayer\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//player.pbs.org/partnerplayer/oJCmndi5yRlMPcgrVMuYLA==/?topbar=false\u0026amp;end=0\u0026amp;endscreen=true\u0026amp;start=0\u0026amp;autoplay=false\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"newsletter\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","author":["florence-almeda"],"short_description":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"v487q\"\u003eAncient Maya had a rich history and complex culture that is only now being fully appreciated.\u003c/p\u003e","hits_weekly":0,"hits_daily":0,"card":{"title":"Who Were the Ancient Maya?","slug":"who-were-the-ancient-maya","page_type":"article","canonical_image":{"mime_type":"image/png","alt_text":"Close-up on large carved face in side of temple at, Lamanai, Belize","caption":{"html":"\u003cp\u003eClose-up on large carved face at, Lamanai, Belize\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":"Close-up on large carved face at, Lamanai, Belize"},"credit":{"html":"\u003cp\u003eLeif Kaldor\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":"Leif Kaldor"},"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.png","renditions":[{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-300.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-400.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-600.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-800.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-1500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-2000.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/Untitled_design_1_jViqclL.width-2500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+page"}},"sort":[1722373272946]},{"_index":"content","_type":"doc","_id":"article-6769","_score":null,"_source":{"slug":"7-nova-documentaries-on-iconic-landmarks","title":"7 NOVA Documentaries on Iconic Landmarks","topic":"ancient","brand":"next","content_type":"article","publish_date":"2024-07-16T18:23:00+00:00","tags":["pyramids","Giza","Venice","Europe","notre dame","great pyramids","eiffel tower","Easter Island"],"dci":["social-behavioral-sciences"],"strand":["anthropology"],"external":false,"published":true,"hero_image":{"mime_type":"image/jpeg","alt_text":"The Great Pyramid of Giza from the angle of a pedestrian.","caption":{"html":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Pyramid - with tourists\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":"The Great Pyramid - with tourists"},"credit":{"html":"\u003cp\u003eTom Fowlie\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":"Tom Fowlie"},"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.jpg","renditions":[{"width":2500,"height":1406,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-2500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":2000,"height":1125,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-2000.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-1500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-800.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-600.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-400.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-300.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"content":"\u003cp\u003eBuilt icons of the world like the Eiffel Tower, the Great Pyramid of Giza, and the statues of Easter Island didn’t pop up out of nowhere. It took planning, engineering, math, physics, and ingenuity to construct some of the most impressive structures in the world.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHere are 7 NOVA documentaries about iconic landmarks and impressive feats of engineering:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cove-video\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"inline-cove-player\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"100%\" id=\"partnerPlayer\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//player.pbs.org/partnerplayer/nmqhp2k72C1d2o56dNn2Ww==/?topbar=false\u0026amp;end=0\u0026amp;endscreen=true\u0026amp;start=0\u0026amp;autoplay=false\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Great Pyramid of Giza\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe 6 million-ton Great Pyramid of Giza is the last surviving wonder of the ancient world. How did the Egyptians engineer the mighty pharaoh Khufu’s tomb so precisely, with none of today’s surveying and power tools? And who were the thousands of laborers who raised the stones? \"Decoding the Great Pyramid\" presents the latest evidence from groundbreaking archaeological research that has transformed our understanding of the ancient world’s most ambitious engineering project, revealing a “lost city\" and intimate details of the lives of the laborers and officials who toiled on the vast construction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cove-video\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe allow=\"encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"inline-cove-player\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"100%\" id=\"partnerPlayer\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//player.pbs.org/partnerplayer/bWUe9Mt0OZUP221KBUXfNw==/?topbar=false\u0026amp;end=0\u0026amp;endscreen=true\u0026amp;start=0\u0026amp;autoplay=false\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLondon Underground: The Elizabeth Line\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor over a decade, more than 10,000 engineers and construction workers race to build a brand-new subterranean railroad under London— the Elizabeth Line—London’s new Underground. One of Europe’s biggest engineering projects, the construction teams confront immense challenges, from building platforms and concourses the size of aircraft carriers hidden under London’s busiest shopping venue, Oxford Street, to designing, outfitting, and testing a fleet of 70 new high-speed trains from scratch in just two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cove-video\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe allow=\"encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"inline-cove-player\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"100%\" id=\"partnerPlayer\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//player.pbs.org/partnerplayer/yrXDdlruszh2zaWX1UqgIA==/?topbar=false\u0026amp;end=0\u0026amp;endscreen=true\u0026amp;start=0\u0026amp;autoplay=false\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEiffel Tower\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExplore the revolutionary engineering behind Paris’s iconic landmark. Completed in just over two years for the 1889 World’s Fair, the iron tower smashed the record for the tallest structure on Earth, ushering in a new age of global construction that reached for the skies. How did the engineers do it? Follow the innovations, successes, and failures that made one of the most famous buildings on the planet possible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cove-video\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe allow=\"encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"inline-cove-player\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"100%\" id=\"partnerPlayer\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//player.pbs.org/partnerplayer/KQNswlcgfeOU_3Ik_Vu-lA==/?topbar=false\u0026amp;end=0\u0026amp;endscreen=true\u0026amp;start=0\u0026amp;autoplay=false\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEaster Island Stone Statues\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow were the giant stone heads of Rapa Nui–also known as Easter Island–carved and raised, and why? Since Europeans arrived on this remote Pacific island over 300 years ago, controversy has swirled around the iconic ancient statues and the history of the people who created them. Now, a new generation of researchers is overturning old theories, revealing the rich history, innovation, and resilience of the Rapanui people, and uncovering intriguing new evidence about where they–and their practice of monumental stone building–came from.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cove-video\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe allow=\"encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"inline-cove-player\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"100%\" id=\"partnerPlayer\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//player.pbs.org/partnerplayer/UI_JeT7AeXq4EI0dEGIkSw==/?topbar=false\u0026amp;end=0\u0026amp;endscreen=true\u0026amp;start=0\u0026amp;autoplay=false\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNotre Dame\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFollowing the April, 2019 fire that almost destroyed Paris’s iconic Notre Dame Cathedral, a team of engineers, masons, and timber workers set out on the daunting challenge of restoring France’s historic landmark. The program traces the dramatic human and technical challenges of the project’s first three years, going behind-the-scenes with carpenters shaping lumber for the new roof and spire, stone masons repairing gaping holes in the vault, and artisans who use traditional techniques to restore stained glass windows. A symbol of the nation’s identity and resilience, Notre Dame gradually rises from the ashes, thanks to a restoration project like no other.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cove-video\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe allow=\"encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"inline-cove-player\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"100%\" id=\"partnerPlayer\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//player.pbs.org/partnerplayer/6yB8qln8txoLE4s7g4AoXg==/?topbar=false\u0026amp;end=0\u0026amp;endscreen=true\u0026amp;start=0\u0026amp;autoplay=false\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe City of Venice\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRising sea levels and sinking land threaten to destroy Venice. Leading scientists and engineers are racing against the clock and battling the forces of nature to try to save this historic city for future generations. Discover the innovative projects and feats of engineering currently underway, including a hi-tech flood barrier, eco-projects to conserve the lagoon, and new efforts to investigate erosion beneath the city. This is Venice as never seen before, at a critical moment in its rich history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"newsletter\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","author":["nova-staff"],"short_description":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"as6tb\"\u003eLearn how some of the great structures of the world—the Eiffel Tower, the Great Pyramids, and more—were built.\u003c/p\u003e","hits_weekly":0,"hits_daily":0,"card":{"title":"7 NOVA Documentaries on Iconic Landmarks","slug":"7-nova-documentaries-on-iconic-landmarks","page_type":"article","canonical_image":{"mime_type":"image/jpeg","alt_text":"The Great Pyramid of Giza from the angle of a pedestrian.","caption":{"html":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Pyramid - with tourists\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":"The Great Pyramid - with tourists"},"credit":{"html":"\u003cp\u003eTom Fowlie\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":"Tom Fowlie"},"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.jpg","renditions":[{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-300.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-400.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-600.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-800.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-1500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":2000,"height":1125,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-2000.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":2500,"height":1406,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/GPM_PROMO_25_P1710049_cc.width-2500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+page"}},"sort":[1721154180000]},{"_index":"content","_type":"doc","_id":"sfv-6726","_score":null,"_source":{"slug":"what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-island","title":"What really led to the collapse of Easter Island?","topic":"ancient","brand":"nova","content_type":"shortvideopage","length":178,"publish_date":"2024-03-01T22:06:54.249496+00:00","tags":["moai","civilization","Rapa nui","Easter Island"],"external":false,"published":true,"hero_image":{"mime_type":"image/png","alt_text":"","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-island-hero.jpg","renditions":[{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isl.width-2000.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isl.width-2500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isl.width-1500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-800.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-600.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-400.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-300.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"content":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"zo2rb\"\u003eWhat happened to the Rapa Nui civilization is shrouded in mystery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-block-key=\"wqd7o\"\u003eThere are multiple theories about what happened to the people of Rapa Nui - also known as Easter Island - and the famous Moai statues. Some say the civilization fell into collapse and ruin. But a new theory tells a different story, one of resilience and ingenuity against all odds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-block-key=\"ig3s9\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat really led to the collapse of Easter Island?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"cvpp\"\u003eUploaded: Feb 27, 2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"42lrc\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"a6qui\"\u003eSpeaker 1: Rapa Nui, also known as Easter Island. This tiny little island in the South Pacific is world-famous for one thing, the Moai.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"6tb2c\"\u003eSpeaker 2: The Moai building has often been portrayed as some kind of frenzy, as some kind of competition between different clan groups where lots of trees were cut down in order to construct and to transport the Moai.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"e2t5\"\u003eSpeaker 1: According to this view, Moai building deforested the island, the soil was starved of nutrients, leaving a barren rock-strewn land. Then, this theory goes, things got worse.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"dcvdn\"\u003eSpeaker 2: The scarcity of resources resulted in a societal collapse. The island erupted into intertribal warfare and led to a very impoverished population living on a barren island.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"d7i72\"\u003eSpeaker 1: The true story of Rapa Nui is one of survival against the odds by an ingenious and resilient people who came to a bad land and made it good. Looking at all the archeological evidence, it seems more likely that rather than a self-inflicted ego side, the true collapse of Rapa Nui society was caused by outside influences.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"6e2os\"\u003eSpeaker 3: As time went on and the evidence accumulated, we realized that a lot of what people thought was collapse was something that actually happened after Europeans arrived, and it had an entirely different cause, and that was the introduction of Old World disease.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"btd5q\"\u003eSpeaker 4: There was the smallpox, there was the Spanish flu, leprosy, slave trading. It was difficult to live here, and it was more difficult to keep the social structures and the life as the way that we knew it.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"arho0\"\u003eSpeaker 5: Over time, we see people sort of abandoning Ahu and Moai. It\u0026#x27;s a loss of population. There are just fewer people because of the effects of diseases, so people are not attending to the Ahu and rebuilding them in the way that they did in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"4tdks\"\u003eSpeaker 1: Things got even worse in the 1860s.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"5tg35\"\u003eSpeaker 2: Peruvian slave traders captured about a third of the population on the island and forced them onto their ships to work in Peru.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"9tmp1\"\u003eSpeaker 6: There were protests. Even the Vatican got involved, and consequently, the companies were forced to return the inhabitants to the islands. However, these people had contracted smallpox on the American continent. Only 15 people made it home, and this was enough for an epidemic of smallpox to break out there.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"4qlsb\"\u003eSpeaker 1: By the time it was over, there were less than 200 Rapa Nui left alive.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","passport_start":"2024-02-27T22:03:14+00:00","short_description":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"zo2rb\"\u003eWhat happened to the Rapa Nui civilization is shrouded in mystery.\u003c/p\u003e","hits_weekly":0,"hits_daily":0,"card":{"title":"What really led to the collapse of Easter Island?","slug":"what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-island","page_type":"shortvideopage","canonical_image":{"mime_type":"image/png","alt_text":"","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-island-hero.jpg","renditions":[{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-300.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-400.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-600.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isla.width-800.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isl.width-1500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isl.width-2000.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/what-really-led-to-the-collapse-of-easter-isl.width-2500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+page"}},"sort":[1709330814249]},{"_index":"content","_type":"doc","_id":"sfv-6719","_score":null,"_source":{"slug":"how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked","title":"How Ancient Easter Island statues “walked”","topic":"ancient","brand":"nova","content_type":"shortvideopage","length":137,"publish_date":"2024-02-13T03:24:01.397810+00:00","tags":["maoi","Rapa nui","statues","Easter Island"],"external":false,"published":true,"hero_image":{"mime_type":"image/jpeg","alt_text":"","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.jpg","renditions":[{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-2000.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-2500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-1500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-800.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-600.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-400.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-300.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"content":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"xd8r2\"\u003eThese giant stone heads were not dragged on sleds, as once thought.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-block-key=\"qa17m\"\u003eA new generation of researchers is revealing the rich history, innovation, and resilience of the Rapanui people.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-block-key=\"vhxu7\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow Ancient Easter Island statues “walked”\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"4ntlg\"\u003ePublished: Feb 12, 2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"62elr\"\u003eSpeaker 1: Most visitors come all the way to Easter Island because of these stone statues, the moai, constructed between 1300 and sometime after the 1700s. There are more than 1000 of these giant carved figures scattered across the landscape. Cut from volcanic rock, some are more than 30 feet high. Over time, all of the moai have fallen down. The 50 or so that are upright today were put back up in recent decades. With their backs to the sea, they stare impassively into the island, arms held rigidly by their sides. Some stand on ceremonial platforms known as ahu. Others are sunk into the earth. How could the Rapa Nui build and transport the moai? When Carl and Terry analyzed the moai lying by the roads that led from the quarry, they noticed something significant. A moai on the ahu has a flat base, so the statue stands straight up, but most of the moai lying on the road have angled bases, and Carl and Terry believed that angle had a very specific purpose.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"aq8j7\"\u003eSpeaker 2: Road moai has to be shaped in a way that can be transported. They did it by shaping their base so they leaned forward to enable them to walk.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"a0eag\"\u003eSpeaker 3: This is a great example of the forward lean of these transport moai. So if you took this statue and we could put it back up, it would be leaning really far forward. It means that as you rock it side to side, it falls forward across that front edge...\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"2q34k\"\u003eSpeaker 2: Yeah.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"1etat\"\u003eSpeaker 3: And takes a step.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"7mqam\"\u003eSpeaker 2: Yeah.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"e5o33\"\u003eSpeaker 3: Without that, it would just rock back and forth and not really go anywhere. And walking really describes what these moai did.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"5g23h\"\u003eSpeaker 1: To test their theory, in 2012, Carl and Terry built a model of a moai out of concrete, carefully mixed to match the fragile density of the ancient statues\u0026#x27; volcanic rock, and made it walk.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"elvv8\"\u003eSpeaker 2: In our experiments, we found it took remarkably few people to move the statue, and we were terrible at it. We were the least expert of any people who\u0026#x27;ve ever moved a moai in the world, but we were able to do a five-ton statue with 18 people.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","passport_start":"2024-02-13T00:15:31+00:00","short_description":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"xd8r2\"\u003eThese giant stone heads were not dragged on sleds, as once thought.\u003c/p\u003e","hits_weekly":0,"hits_daily":0,"card":{"title":"How Ancient Easter Island statues “walked”","slug":"how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked","page_type":"shortvideopage","canonical_image":{"mime_type":"image/jpeg","alt_text":"","src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.jpg","renditions":[{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-300.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-400.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-600.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-800.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-1500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-2000.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/how-ancient-easter-island-statues-walked-hero.width-2500.jpg","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+page"}},"sort":[1707794641397]}]},"current_filter":{"size":7,"from":0,"body":{"query":{"constant_score":{"filter":{"bool":{"must":[{"terms":{"topic":["ancient"]}}],"should":[]}}}},"sort":{"publish_date":{"order":"desc"}}}},"query":{"page":"ancient"},"featured_content":{"first":[{"content_type":"episodepage","topic":"ancient","brand":"nova","length":3203,"title":"Decoding the Great Pyramid","slug":"decoding-the-great-pyramid","part_of_a_series":false,"hero_image":{"mime_type":"image/png","alt_text":"","caption":{"html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":""},"credit":{"html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","plaintext":""},"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/original_images/decoding-pyramid-img.png","renditions":[{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/decoding-pyramid-img.width-2000.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1920,"height":1080,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/decoding-pyramid-img.width-2500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":1500,"height":843,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/decoding-pyramid-img.width-1500.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":800,"height":450,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/decoding-pyramid-img.width-800.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":600,"height":337,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/decoding-pyramid-img.width-600.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":400,"height":225,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/decoding-pyramid-img.width-400.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"},{"width":300,"height":168,"src":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/media/images/decoding-pyramid-img.width-300.png","contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+scaled_image"}],"contentType":"application/vnd.theseus+image"},"short_description":"\u003cp\u003eNew archeological evidence sheds light on the stunning engineering of the Great Pyramid of Giza.\u003c/p\u003e","long_description":"\u003cp\u003eThe 6 million-ton Great Pyramid of Giza is the last surviving wonder of the ancient world. How did the Egyptians engineer the mighty pharaoh Khufu’s tomb so precisely, with none of today’s surveying and power tools? And who were the thousands of laborers who raised the stones? Were they slaves or volunteers, and how were they housed, fed, and organized? \"Decoding the Great Pyramid\" presents the latest evidence from groundbreaking archaeological research that has transformed our understanding of the ancient world’s most ambitious engineering project, revealing a “lost city\" and intimate details of the lives of the laborers and officials who toiled on the vast construction. Amazingly, French archaeologists recently found the logbook of a labor team that delivered limestone blocks to build the Great Pyramid, yielding crucial insights into the planning and logistics behind the operation. Beyond these construction secrets, \"Decoding the Great Pyramid\" traces how mobilizing the colossal labor and resources invested in the monument transformed ancient Egypt, uniting a nation behind the common goal of ensuring eternity for the pharaoh and continuing prosperity for everyone in this life and the next. 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