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<div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sir" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sir" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sir" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entitlement_to_formal_honorific_address_by_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entitlement_to_formal_honorific_address_by_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Entitlement to formal honorific address by region</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Entitlement_to_formal_honorific_address_by_region-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Entitlement to formal honorific address by region subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Entitlement_to_formal_honorific_address_by_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commonwealth_of_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commonwealth_of_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Commonwealth of Nations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commonwealth_of_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Barbados" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barbados"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Barbados</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barbados-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commonwealth_realms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commonwealth_realms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Commonwealth realms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commonwealth_realms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2.1</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antigua_and_Barbuda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2.2</span> <span>Antigua and Barbuda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antigua_and_Barbuda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2.3</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grenada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grenada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2.4</span> <span>Grenada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grenada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2.5</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saint_Lucia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saint_Lucia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2.6</span> <span>Saint Lucia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saint_Lucia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Nigeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-Commonwealth_Countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-Commonwealth_Countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Non-Commonwealth Countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-Commonwealth_Countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holy_See" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_See"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Holy See</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holy_See-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combinations_with_other_titles_and_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combinations_with_other_titles_and_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Combinations with other titles and styles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combinations_with_other_titles_and_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2</span> <span>Academic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecclesiastical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecclesiastical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.3</span> <span>Ecclesiastical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecclesiastical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peers_and_nobility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peers_and_nobility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.4</span> <span>Peers and nobility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peers_and_nobility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educational,_military_and_other_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational,_military_and_other_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Educational, military and other usage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Educational,_military_and_other_usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Educational, military and other usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Educational,_military_and_other_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Education system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_and_police" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_and_police"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Military and police</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_and_police-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Service_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Service industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Service_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sir</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1_(%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8)" title="سير (لقب) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سير (لقب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ser" title="Ser – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ser" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="স্যার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্যার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Сэр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%80/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Сър/дейм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сър/дейм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_(Anrede)" title="Sir (Anrede) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sir (Anrede)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siro" title="Siro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Siro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1_(%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="سر (عنوان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سر (عنوان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_(noblesse)" title="Sir (noblesse) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sir (noblesse)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A8%D6%80" title="Սըր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սըր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0" title="सर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_(naslov)" title="Sir (naslov) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sir (naslov)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8" title="סר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Сэр – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сэр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%9CSir%E2%80%9D" title="“Sir” – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="“Sir”" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Сер (титула) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сер (титула)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%80_(%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%BB)" title="Сэр (цол) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сэр (цол)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_(titel)" title="Sir (titel) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sir (titel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0" title="सर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC" title="サー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Сэр – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сэр" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D" title="ସାର୍ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସାର୍" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Сэр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сэр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_(naziv)" title="Sir (naziv) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sir (naziv)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8E%D8%B1_(%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88)" title="سێر (نازناو) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سێر (نازناو)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Сер (титула) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сер (титула)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_(titula)" title="Sir (titula) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sir (titula)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_(titel)" title="Sir (titel) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sir (titel)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="சர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="సర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB)" title="Сер (титул) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сер (титул)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir" title="Sir – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sir" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B5%E5%A3%AB" title="爵士 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="爵士" data-language-autonym="中文" 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the title and honorific. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sir_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sir (disambiguation)">Sir (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p> <i><b>Sir</b></i> is a formal <a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">honorific</a> address in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> for men, derived from <a href="/wiki/Sire" title="Sire">Sire</a> in the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a>. Both are derived from the old French "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Sieur</i></span>" (Lord), brought to England by the French-speaking Normans, and which now exist in French only as part of "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Monsieur</i></span>", with the equivalent "My Lord" in English.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Traditionally, as governed by law and custom, Sir is used for men who are <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knights</a> and belong to certain <a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">orders of chivalry</a>, as well as later applied to <a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">baronets</a> and other offices. </p><p>As the female equivalent for knighthood is damehood, the <i><a href="/wiki/Suo_jure" title="Suo jure">suo jure</a></i> female equivalent term is typically <a href="/wiki/Dame" title="Dame">Dame</a>. The wife of a knight or baronet tends to be addressed as <a href="/wiki/Lady" title="Lady">Lady</a>, although a few exceptions and interchanges of these uses exist. </p><p>Additionally, since the <a href="/wiki/Late_modern_period" title="Late modern period">late modern period</a>, Sir has been used as a respectful way to address a man of superior <a href="/wiki/Social_status" title="Social status">social status</a> or <a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">military rank</a>. Equivalent terms of address for women are <a href="/wiki/Madam" title="Madam">Madam</a> (shortened to Ma'am), in addition to social honorifics such as <a href="/wiki/Mrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mrs">Mrs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ms." title="Ms.">Ms</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Miss" title="Miss">Miss</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Sir</i> derives from the honorific title <i><a href="/wiki/Sire" title="Sire">sire</a></i>; <i>sire</i> developed alongside the word <i>seigneur</i>, also used to refer to a feudal lord. Both derived from the <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">senior</span>, <i>sire</i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Nominative_case" title="Nominative case">nominative case</a> declension <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">senior</span> and <i>seigneur</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Accusative_case" title="Accusative case">accusative case</a> declension <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">seniōrem</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The form 'Sir' is first documented in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> in 1297, as the title of honour of a knight, and latterly a <a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">baronet</a>, being a variant of <i>sire</i>, which was already used in English since at least <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1205</span> (after 139 years of Norman rule) as a title placed before a name and denoting knighthood, and to address the (male) Sovereign since <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1225</span>, with additional general senses of 'father, male parent' is from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1250</span>, and 'important elderly man' from 1362. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Entitlement_to_formal_honorific_address_by_region">Entitlement to formal honorific address by region</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Entitlement to formal honorific address by region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commonwealth_of_Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Commonwealth of Nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Thomas_Troubridge,_1st_Baronet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sir_Thomas_Troubridge%2C_1st_Baronet.jpg/170px-Sir_Thomas_Troubridge%2C_1st_Baronet.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sir_Thomas_Troubridge%2C_1st_Baronet.jpg/255px-Sir_Thomas_Troubridge%2C_1st_Baronet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sir_Thomas_Troubridge%2C_1st_Baronet.jpg/340px-Sir_Thomas_Troubridge%2C_1st_Baronet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Troubridge,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Troubridge, 1st Baronet">Thomas Troubridge, 1st Baronet</a>, whose entitlement to use 'Sir' derived from his position as baronet</figcaption></figure> <p>The prefix is used with the holder's given name or full name, but never with the surname alone. For example, whilst Sir Alexander and Sir <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a> would be correct, Sir Fleming would not.<sup id="cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debretts:_Knight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Taisho_the_Order_of_the_Garter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Emperor_Taisho_the_Order_of_the_Garter.jpg/170px-Emperor_Taisho_the_Order_of_the_Garter.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Emperor_Taisho_the_Order_of_the_Garter.jpg/255px-Emperor_Taisho_the_Order_of_the_Garter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Emperor_Taisho_the_Order_of_the_Garter.jpg/340px-Emperor_Taisho_the_Order_of_the_Garter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taish%C5%8D" title="Emperor Taishō">Emperor Taishō</a>, a Stranger Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a>, who, as a foreign national, was not entitled to use the prefix 'Sir' (which as a sovereign monarch he would not have used in any case) but was permitted to post-nominally use <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">KG</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Today, in the UK and in certain <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realms" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth realms">Commonwealth realms</a>, a number of men are entitled to the prefix of 'Sir', including <a href="/wiki/Knights_bachelor" class="mw-redirect" title="Knights bachelor">knights bachelor</a>, knights of the <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_chivalry" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of chivalry">orders of chivalry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baronets" class="mw-redirect" title="Baronets">baronets</a>; although foreign nationals can be awarded honorary knighthoods. Honorary knights do not bear the prefix "Sir" nor do they receive an <a href="/wiki/Accolade" title="Accolade">accolade</a>; instead they use the associated <a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">post-nominal letters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only citizens of <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a> may receive substantive knighthoods and have the privilege of the accompanying style. In general, only knighthoods in dynastic orders – those orders in the personal gift of the Sovereign and Head of the Commonwealth (the Order of the Garter, the Order of the Thistle and the knighthoods in the Royal Victorian Order) – are recognised across the Commonwealth realms, along with their accompanying styles. </p><p>British knighthoods (in the Orders of the Bath, St. Michael and St. George, and in the Order of the British Empire, along with Knights Bachelor) were known as <i>imperial honours</i> during the existence of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. Those honours continued to be conferred as substantive, not honorary, awards by most Commonwealth realms into the 1990s. Since then, though former imperial honours are still awarded by certain Commonwealth realms, many of them have discontinued grants of British honours as they have developed their own honours systems, some of which include knighthoods. Today, British honours are only substantive for British nationals so recognised, including dual nationals,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for nationals of those realms which have retained them as part of their honours systems. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">Dual national</a> recipients of British knighthoods who hold British citizenship, such as academic and immunologist Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(physician)" title="John Bell (physician)">John Bell</a>, are entitled to the style of <i>Sir</i> as their knighthoods are substantive. This may not necessarily be the case for dual nationals who are not British citizens and who instead hold citizenship of another Commonwealth realm. In 1974, <a href="/wiki/Lynden_Pindling" title="Lynden Pindling">Lynden Pindling</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Bahamas" title="Prime Minister of the Bahamas">Prime Minister of the Bahamas</a>, recommended dual Bahamian-American citizen <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> for an honorary knighthood as an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE), an imperial honour, as the Bahamas did not have its own honours system at the time. Although Poitier, as a Bahamian citizen by descent, was eligible for a substantive ('ordinary') award of the KBE, the Bahamian government preferred the knighthood to be honorary as Poitier was permanently residing in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Knighthoods in the gift of the government of a Commonwealth realm only permit the bearer to use his style within that country or as its official representative, provided he is a national of that country; knighthoods granted by other realms may be considered foreign honours. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Bailey_(PR_advisor)" title="Anthony Bailey (PR advisor)">Anthony Bailey</a> was reprimanded by Buckingham Palace and the British government in 2016 for asserting that an honorary Antiguan knighthood (which was revoked in 2017) allowed him the style of 'Sir' in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The equivalent for a female who holds a knighthood or baronetcy in her own right is '<a href="/wiki/Dame_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame (title)">Dame</a>', and follows the same usage customs as 'Sir'.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this form was previously also used for the wives of knights and baronets, it is now customary to refer to them as 'Lady', followed by their surname; they are never addressed using their full names. For example, while Lady Fiennes is correct, Lady Virginia and Lady Virginia Fiennes are not.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Debretts:_Wife_of_a_Knight_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debretts:_Wife_of_a_Knight-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The widows of knights retain the style of wives of knights,<sup id="cite_ref-Debretts:_Wife_of_a_Knight_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debretts:_Wife_of_a_Knight-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however widows of baronets are either referred to as 'dowager', or use their forename before their courtesy style. For example, the widow of Sir <a href="/wiki/Troubridge_baronets" title="Troubridge baronets">Thomas Herbert Cochrane Troubridge, 4th Baronet</a>, would either be known as <i>Dowager Lady Troubridge</i> or <i>Laura, Lady Troubridge</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Debretts:_Wife_of_a_Baronet_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debretts:_Wife_of_a_Baronet-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Barbados">Barbados</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Barbados"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Barbados" title="Republicanism in Barbados">becoming a republic</a> in November 2021, Barbados awarded the title <a href="/wiki/Knight_or_Dame_of_St._Andrew_(Barbados)" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight or Dame of St. Andrew (Barbados)">Knight or Dame of St. Andrew</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Barbados" title="Order of Barbados">Order of Barbados</a>. This practice has now been discontinued, though individuals who received a knighthood or damehood when the country was still a <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a> may continue to use the titles "Sir" and "Dame" within their lifetimes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Commonwealth_realms">Commonwealth realms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Commonwealth realms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Knight Commander or Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Order" title="Royal Victorian Order">Royal Victorian Order</a> (KCVO/GCVO)<sup id="cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debretts:_Knight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RVOBP_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RVOBP-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-personal_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-personal-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">Baronet</a> (Bt.)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a> (KG)<sup id="cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debretts:_Knight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-personal_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-personal-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Thistle" title="Order of the Thistle">Order of the Thistle</a> (KT)<sup id="cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debretts:_Knight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-personal_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-personal-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knight Commander or Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">Order of the Bath</a> (KCB/GCB)<sup id="cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debretts:_Knight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knight Commander or Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="Order of St Michael and St George">Order of St Michael and St George</a> (KCMG/GCMG)<sup id="cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debretts:_Knight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knight Commander or Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a> (KBE/GBE)<sup id="cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debretts:_Knight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a><sup id="cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debretts:_Knight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Antigua_and_Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Antigua and Barbuda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_National_Hero_(Antigua_and_Barbuda)" title="Order of the National Hero (Antigua and Barbuda)">Order of the National Hero</a> (KNH)</li> <li>Knight Commander, Knight Grand Cross, or Knight Grand Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Nation_(Antigua_and_Barbuda)" title="Order of the Nation (Antigua and Barbuda)">Order of the Nation</a> (KCN/KGCN/KGN)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Australia">Australia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Australia" title="Order of Australia">Order of Australia</a> (AK; discontinued 1986–2014, reintroduced briefly in 2014, again discontinued in 2015)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Grenada">Grenada</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Grenada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Knight Commander, Knight Grand Cross, or Knight Grand Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Nation_(Grenada)" title="Order of the Nation (Grenada)">Order of the Nation</a> within in the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Grenada" title="Order of Grenada">Order of Grenada</a> (KCNG/GCNG/KN)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Knight Companion or Knight Grand Companion of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit" title="New Zealand Order of Merit">New Zealand Order of Merit</a> (KNZM/GNZM)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Saint_Lucia">Saint Lucia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Saint Lucia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Knight Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Order of Saint Lucia">Order of Saint Lucia</a> (KCSL)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Of_Travancore_sct.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/King_Of_Travancore_sct.jpg/170px-King_Of_Travancore_sct.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/King_Of_Travancore_sct.jpg/255px-King_Of_Travancore_sct.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/King_Of_Travancore_sct.jpg/340px-King_Of_Travancore_sct.jpg 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="741" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chithira_Thirunal_Balarama_Varma" title="Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma">Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma</a> was the last surviving Knight Grand Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_India" title="Order of the Star of India">Order of the Star of India</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>As part of the consolidation of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">crown colony of India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_India" title="Order of the Star of India">Order of the Star of India</a> was established in 1861 to reward prominent British and Indian civil servants, military officers and prominent Indians associated with the Indian Empire. The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" title="Order of the Indian Empire">Order of the Indian Empire</a> was established in 1878 as a junior-level order to accompany the Order of the Star of India, and to recognise long service. </p><p>From 1861 to 1866, the Order of the Star of India had a single class of Knights (KSI), who were entitled to the style of 'Sir'. In 1866, the order was reclassified into three divisions: Knights Grand Commander (GCSI), Knights Commander (KCSI) and Companions (CSI); holders of the upper two degrees could use the title 'Sir'. From its creation in 1878 until 1887, the Order of the Indian Empire had a single class, Companion (CIE), which did not entitle the recipient to a style of knighthood. </p><p>In 1887, two higher divisions, Knight Grand Commander (GCIE) and Knight Commander (KCIE) were created, which entitled holders of those ranks to the style of 'Sir'. The last creations of knights of either order were made on 15 August 1947 upon Indian independence. All British honours and their accompanying styles were officially made obsolete in India when the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Dominion of India</a> became a modern <a href="/wiki/Republic_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic in the Commonwealth of Nations">republic in the Commonwealth of Nations</a> in 1950, followed by <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Republic of Pakistan">Islamic Republic of Pakistan</a> in 1956. </p><p>The Order of the Star of India became dormant in the Commonwealth realms from February 2009, and the Order of the Indian Empire after August 2010, when the last knights of the orders died. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Nigeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, holders of religious <a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">honours</a> like the <a href="/wiki/Knighthood_of_St._Gregory" class="mw-redirect" title="Knighthood of St. Gregory">Knighthood of St. Gregory</a> make use of the word as a pre-nominal honorific in much the same way as it is used for secular purposes in Britain and the Philippines. Wives of such individuals also typically assume the title of Lady. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-Commonwealth_Countries">Non-Commonwealth Countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Non-Commonwealth Countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holy_See">Holy See</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Holy See"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knights and Dames of <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">papal orders</a> may elect the "Sir" or "Dame" prefix<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with post-nominal letters, subject to the laws and conventions of the country they are in. The <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign" title="Sovereign">sovereign</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>, delegates the awarding <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">orders of knighthood</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bishop_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop in the Catholic Church">bishops</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand Masters</a>. Their precedence is as follows: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Order_of_Christ" title="Supreme Order of Christ">Supreme Order of Christ</a> (Vacant)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Spur" title="Order of the Golden Spur">Order of the Golden Spur</a> (Vacant)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Pope_Pius_IX" title="Order of Pope Pius IX">Order of Pope Pius IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Gregory_the_Great" title="Order of St. Gregory the Great">Order of St. Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Sylvester" title="Order of St. Sylvester">Order of St. Sylvester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Order of the Holy Sepulchre">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li></ul> <p>For Example, <a href="/wiki/Burton_P._C._Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Burton P. C. Hall">Sir Burton P. C. Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Sylvester" title="Order of St. Sylvester">KSS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre">KCHS</a> would be the correct style for lay knights. </p><p>Lieutenants of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Order of the Holy Sepulchre">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a>, are styled as "Your Excellency", such as H.E. Dame Trudy Comeau, <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre">DC*HS</a>. </p><p>Catholic clergy who are invested as Knight Chaplains may use post-nominal letters, but must retain their clerical titles, like <a href="/wiki/Robert_Skeris" title="Robert Skeris">Rev. Robert Skeris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre">KCHS</a>. </p><p>Knights and Dames of <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">papal orders</a> are not allowed to use the prefix "Sir" or "Dame" in the United Kingdom, although they may use post-nominal letters. Not allowing the prefix is because the use of foreign titles is not permitted by the British Crown without a Royal Licence, and as a matter of policy (currently based on a Royal Warrant of 27 April 1932), a Royal Licence to bear any foreign title is never granted. On the other hand, allowing the post-nominal letters would be explained by the highest and lowest dignities being universal, a king was recognized as king everywhere, and also a knight: "though a Knight receive his Dignity of a Foreign Prince, he is so to be stiled in all Legal Proceedings within England .. and Knights in all Foreign Countries have ever place and precedency according to their Seniority of being Knighted" <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Established in 1783 and primarily awarded to men associated with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a>, Knights of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Patrick" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Patrick">Order of St. Patrick</a> were entitled to the style of 'Sir'. Regular creation of new knights of the order ended in 1921 upon the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a>. With the death of the last knight in 1974, the Order became dormant. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_of_Rizal_Centennial_Stamp_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Knights_of_Rizal_Centennial_Stamp_2016.jpg/220px-Knights_of_Rizal_Centennial_Stamp_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Knights_of_Rizal_Centennial_Stamp_2016.jpg/330px-Knights_of_Rizal_Centennial_Stamp_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Knights_of_Rizal_Centennial_Stamp_2016.jpg/440px-Knights_of_Rizal_Centennial_Stamp_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Centennial stamp celebrating the Knights of Rizal released by <a href="/wiki/PhilPost" class="mw-redirect" title="PhilPost">PhilPost</a> with a profile of <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">Jose Rizal</a> and the badge of the Order visible.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Rizal" title="Knights of Rizal">Knights of Rizal</a> (<i>Orden de Caballeros de Rizál</i>) is the sole <a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">order of knighthood</a> of the Philippines currently constituted by legislative charter<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Philippines" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Philippines">Orders, decorations, and medals of the Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knights are entitled to prefix <i>Sir</i> to their first names while their wives prefix <i>Lady</i> to their first names. These apply to both spoken and written forms of address. Knights may also append the relevant post-nominal of their rank to the end of their names: Knight of Rizal (KR), Knight Officer of Rizal (KOR), Knight Commander of Rizal (KCR), Knight Grand Officer of Rizal (KGOR) and Knight Grand Cross of Rizal (KGCR). Knighthood may be conferred to both citizens and noncitizens of the Philippines. All knighthoods are substantive and the honorific may be used by all knights of the Order. </p><p>Notable members of the Order include <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Carlos I of Spain">King Juan Carlos I of Spain</a> who was conferred a Knight Grand Cross of Rizal on 11 February 1998, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> winner and former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">US Secretary of State</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a>, former <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">Philippine President</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a>, and former <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Philippines" title="Chief Justice of the Philippines">Chief Justice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court of the Philippines</a> and drafter of the <a href="/wiki/1987_Philippine_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="1987 Philippine Constitution">1987 Philippine constitution</a> The Honorable Sir <a href="/wiki/Hilario_Davide_Jr." title="Hilario Davide Jr.">Hilario Davide, Jr.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combinations_with_other_titles_and_styles">Combinations with other titles and styles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Combinations with other titles and styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Military">Military</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the case of a military officer who is also a knight, the appropriate form of address puts the professional military rank first, then the correct manner of address for the individual, then his name. Examples include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_Fleet_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiral of the Fleet (United Kingdom)">Admiral of the Fleet</a> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Fraser,_1st_Baron_Fraser_of_North_Cape" title="Bruce Fraser, 1st Baron Fraser of North Cape">Sir Bruce Fraser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath">GCB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire">KBE</a> (after 1941)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal (Australia)">Field Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Blamey" title="Thomas Blamey">Sir Thomas Blamey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath">KCB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George">CMG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Distinguished_Service_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Distinguished Service Order">DSO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Efficiency_Decoration" title="Efficiency Decoration">ED</a> (after 1941)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Academic">Academic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Academic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is also the case with academic ranks and titles, such as '<a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">Professor</a>'. For example, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bateson" title="Patrick Bateson">Patrick Bateson</a> was both a professor<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a knight bachelor; his correct title would be Professor Sir Patrick Bateson. However, the title of '<a href="/wiki/Doctor_(title)" title="Doctor (title)">Doctor</a>' (Dr.) is not used in combination with 'Sir', with the knighthood taking precedence. Knighted doctors are addressed as knights, though they may still use any post-nominal letters associated with their degrees. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ecclesiastical">Ecclesiastical</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> clergy who receive knighthoods following their ordination do not receive an accolade and therefore do not use the title 'Sir', but instead refer to their knighthood using post-nominal letters.<sup id="cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debretts:_Knight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the Reverend <a href="/wiki/John_Polkinghorne" title="John Polkinghorne">John Polkinghorne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">KBE</a> would never be referred to as <i>Sir John Polkinghorne</i>. If however an Anglican clergyman inherits a baronetcy or was knighted before his ordination, he will retain his style and title.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, Sir <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Beatson-Bell" title="Nicholas Beatson-Bell">Nicholas Beatson-Bell</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_India" title="Order of the Star of India">KCSI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" title="Order of the Indian Empire">KCIE</a>, who was a knighted <a href="/wiki/Indian_Civil_Service" title="Indian Civil Service">Indian Civil Service</a> officer and imperial administrator before entering the ministry, added the style of <i>The Reverend</i> to his secular honorific of <i>Sir</i>, thus becoming the Revd. Sir Nicholas Beatson-Bell KCSI, KCIE. Clergy of other denominations may use different conventions.<sup id="cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debretts:_Knight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Peers_and_nobility">Peers and nobility</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Peers and nobility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peers who have been knighted are neither styled as 'Sir' nor addressed as such in the formal sense of the style, as their titles of nobility take precedence. The same principle applies for the male <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">dukedom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marquessate" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquessate">marquessate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Earldom" class="mw-redirect" title="Earldom">earldom</a>, his eldest legitimate son (if he is the heir to a dukedom or marquessate with additional subsidiary peerages), and for the legitimate male issue of a duke or a marquess, who are styled 'Lord' followed by their first name. For instance, diplomat Lord <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Gordon-Lennox" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Gordon-Lennox">Nicholas Gordon-Lennox</a>, KCMG, KCVO, who was a younger son of the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Richmond" title="Duke of Richmond">Duke of Richmond</a>, continued to be styled as 'Lord Nicholas' following his knighthood in 1986, not 'Lord Sir Nicholas'. Other male heirs of an earl who lack <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">courtesy titles</a>, and the male heirs of a viscount or baron, do however use the style of 'Sir' if knighted, the style following that of '<a href="/wiki/The_Hon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hon">The Hon</a>', for example The Honourable Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Algernon_Parsons" title="Charles Algernon Parsons">Charles Algernon Parsons</a>, OM, KCB, FRS. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Educational,_military_and_other_usage"><span id="Educational.2C_military_and_other_usage"></span>Educational, military and other usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Educational, military and other usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_system">Education system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Education system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>'Sir', along with 'Miss' for women, is commonly used in the British school system to address teachers and other members of staff. Usage of these terms is considered a mark of respect, and can be dated back to the 16th century. The practice may have been an attempt to reinforce the authority of teachers from lower social classes among classes of largely upper class students.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Telegraph_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Telegraph-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jennifer Coates, <a href="/wiki/Emeritus_professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeritus professor">emeritus professor</a> of English language and linguistics at <a href="/wiki/Roehampton_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Roehampton University">Roehampton University</a>, has criticised the use of the title for male teachers, saying that <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'Sir' is a knight. There weren't women knights, but 'Miss' is ridiculous: it doesn't match 'Sir' at all. It's just one of the names you can call an unmarried woman", and that "It's a depressing example of how women are given low status and men, no matter how young or new in the job they are, are given high status".<sup id="cite_ref-The_Telegraph_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Telegraph-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This view is not unchallenged, however. The chief executive of the Brook Learning Trust, Debbie Coslett, said "... they call me 'Miss', I'm fine with that. They're showing respect by giving me a title rather than 'hey' or 'oi, you' or whatever", and dismissed the male/female issue as "just the way the English language works".<sup id="cite_ref-The_Telegraph_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Telegraph-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>, the term 'sir' is often used to address someone in a position of authority or respect, and is commonly used in schools and universities by students to address their teachers and professors. Whereas the British and Commonwealth female equivalent is <i>Miss</i>, students will often refer to female teachers as <i>Ma'am</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Teachers_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teachers-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast United States">Northeast United States</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, there remains influence of both the British and French traditions as noted above; in general parlance, teachers, authority-figures, and so forth, are referred to by a title of respect such as 'Sir' for males and 'Miss', '<a href="/wiki/Ms." title="Ms.">Ms</a>', or 'Mrs' for females: 'Miss' for unmarried, younger females; 'Ms' for senior, elder, or ranking females that may or may not be married; and 'Mrs' for married or widowed females. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_and_police">Military and police</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Military and police"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If not specifically using their rank or title, 'sir' is used in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a> to address a male commissioned officer. Lower-ranking and <a href="/wiki/Non-commissioned_officer" title="Non-commissioned officer">non-commissioned officers</a>, such as corporals or sergeants, are addressed using their ranks,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though in some of the branches (to be precise, in the Air Force, Marine Corps and Coast Guard), "sir" can also be used to address a drill instructor although he is an NCO. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a>, male commissioned officers and <a href="/wiki/Warrant_officers" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant officers">warrant officers</a> are addressed as 'sir' by all ranks junior to them, male warrant officers are addressed as <i>Mr</i> by commissioned officers.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> (RCMP), only <a href="/wiki/Commissioned_officers" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioned officers">commissioned officers</a> are addressed as 'sir'; NCOs and <a href="/wiki/Constables" class="mw-redirect" title="Constables">constables</a> are addressed by their rank. Male <a href="/wiki/British_police" class="mw-redirect" title="British police">British police</a> officers of the rank of <a href="/wiki/Inspector" title="Inspector">Inspector</a> or above are addressed as 'Sir' (women of inspecting rank are called Ma'am).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Hong Kong Police Force</a>, male superiors are respectfully known by their surname followed by 'sir'. For example, Inspector Wong would be addressed or referred to as 'Wong-sir'. Male police officers are sometimes known colloquially as "Ah-sir" (阿Sir) to the wider public.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Service_industry">Service industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Service industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term 'Sir' is also used frequently in the customer service industry, by employees to refer to customers, and sometimes vice versa. In the United States, it is much more common in certain areas (even when addressing male peers or men considerably younger). For example, a 1980 study showed that 80% of service interactions in the South were accompanied by 'Sir' or <i>Ma'am</i>, in comparison to the Northern United States, where 'Sir' was only used 25% of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Teachers_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teachers-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>'Sir', in conjunction with 'Ma'am' or 'Madam', is also commonly used in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, not only to address customers and vice versa, but also to address people of a higher social rank or age.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>'Sir' is used as gender-neutral term to address superior ranking officers in the series <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Orville" title="The Orville">The Orville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">Honorific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Style (manner of address)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">Knight</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">Order of chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salutation" title="Salutation">Salutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_titles_debate" title="Canadian titles debate">Canadian titles debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri" title="Shri">Shri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sriman" title="Sriman">Sriman</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-personal-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-personal_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-personal_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-personal_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">In the personal gift of the Sovereign and Head of the Commonwealth.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note a difference in usage between British and US usage. A Professor in the UK is only used for the highest academic rank. See <a href="/wiki/List_of_words_having_different_meanings_in_American_and_British_English_(M%E2%80%93Z)#P" title="List of words having different meanings in American and British English (M–Z)">a summary here</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAyres-Bennet1996" class="citation book cs1">Ayres-Bennet, Wendy (1996). "The 'heyday' of Old French (French in the 12th and 13th centuries)". <i>A History of the French Language Through Texts</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415099994" title="Special:BookSources/0415099994"><bdi>0415099994</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+%27heyday%27+of+Old+French+%28French+in+the+12th+and+13th+centuries%29&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+French+Language+Through+Texts&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0415099994&rft.aulast=Ayres-Bennet&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debretts:_Knight-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debretts:_Knight_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205112936/http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/knight">"Knight"</a>. Debretts. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/knight">the original</a> on 5 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Knight&rft.pub=Debretts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Ftitles%2Fknight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019025739/http://www.debretts.com/expertise/essential-guide-to-the-peerage/the-knightage/">"The Knightage"</a>. Debretts. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Knightage&rft.pub=Debretts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fexpertise%2Fessential-guide-to-the-peerage%2Fthe-knightage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette61598" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61598/page/12364">"No. 61598"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 1 June 2016. p. 12364.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+61598&rft.pages=12364&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F61598%2Fpage%2F12364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C11245449">Award of Honorary Knight Commander of the British Empire (KBE) to Sidney Poitier, actor and joint United States and Bahamian citizen</a></span> (Report). UK National Archives. 1974. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200205011124/https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C11245449">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Award+of+Honorary+Knight+Commander+of+the+British+Empire+%28KBE%29+to+Sidney+Poitier%2C+actor+and+joint+United+States+and+Bahamian+citizen&rft.pub=UK+National+Archives&rft.date=1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fr%2FC11245449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Something of the Knight...", <i><a href="/wiki/Private_Eye_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Private Eye (magazine)">Private Eye</a></i>, no, 1420, 10 June 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140204031739/http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/baronet/baronetess">"Baronetess"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Debretts" class="mw-redirect" title="Debretts">Debretts</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/baronet/baronetess">the original</a> on 4 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baronetess&rft.pub=Debretts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Ftitles%2Fbaronet%2Fbaronetess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150315235601/http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/baronet/family-baronet">"Family of a Baronet"</a>. Debretts. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/baronet/family-baronet">the original</a> on 15 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Family+of+a+Baronet&rft.pub=Debretts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Ftitles%2Fbaronet%2Ffamily-baronet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debretts:_Wife_of_a_Knight-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Debretts:_Wife_of_a_Knight_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debretts:_Wife_of_a_Knight_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150221194925/http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/knight/wife-knight">"Wife of a Knight"</a>. Debretts. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/knight/wife-knight">the original</a> on 21 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wife+of+a+Knight&rft.pub=Debretts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Ftitles%2Fknight%2Fwife-knight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debretts:_Wife_of_a_Baronet-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Debretts:_Wife_of_a_Baronet_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316013044/http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/baronet/widow-and-former-wife-baronet">"Wife of a Baronet"</a>. Debretts. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wife+of+a+Baronet&rft.pub=Debretts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Ftitles%2Fbaronet%2Fwidow-and-former-wife-baronet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RVOBP-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RVOBP_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Household" class="citation web cs1">Royal Household. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Honours/RoyalVictorianOrder.aspx">"The Queen and the UK > Queen and Honours > Royal Victorian Order"</a>. Queen's Printer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090719073143/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Honours/RoyalVictorianOrder.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Netizens+react%3A+Is+it+time+to+let+go+of+%27Ma%27am%2C+Sir%27%3F&rft.date=2015-08-14&rft.aulast=Orante&rft.aufirst=Bea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fmoveph%2Fadvocacies%2F102537-netizen-reactions-maam-sir-philippines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstrada-Claudio2014" class="citation web cs1">Estrada-Claudio, Sylvia (13 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/dont-call-me-madam">"Don't call me Madam"</a>. Rappler. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108134647/http://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/dont-call-me-madam">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Don%27t+call+me+Madam&rft.pub=Rappler&rft.date=2014-01-13&rft.aulast=Estrada-Claudio&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fvoices%2Fthought-leaders%2Fdont-call-me-madam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2007" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Bob (9 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liveinthephilippines.com/philippine-societ-can-be-very-formal/">"Philippine Society can be very formal"</a>. <i>Live In The Philippines</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201012025735/https://liveinthephilippines.com/philippine-societ-can-be-very-formal/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Live+In+The+Philippines&rft.atitle=Philippine+Society+can+be+very+formal&rft.date=2007-07-09&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliveinthephilippines.com%2Fphilippine-societ-can-be-very-formal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahman2017" class="citation web cs1">Rahman, Ray (10 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/tv/2017/09/10/seth-macfarlane-orville-interview-sci-fi-spaceships-politics/">"The Orville: Seth MacFarlane discusses sci-fi, spaceships, and politics"</a>. <i>Entertainment</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220417194859/https://ew.com/tv/2017/09/10/seth-macfarlane-orville-interview-sci-fi-spaceships-politics/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Entertainment&rft.atitle=The+Orville%3A+Seth+MacFarlane+discusses+sci-fi%2C+spaceships%2C+and+politics&rft.date=2017-09-10&rft.aulast=Rahman&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Ftv%2F2017%2F09%2F10%2Fseth-macfarlane-orville-interview-sci-fi-spaceships-politics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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