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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97" title="শালিমার বাগ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শালিমার বাগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalimar-G%C3%A4rten_(Jammu_und_Kashmir)" title="Shalimar-Gärten (Jammu und Kashmir) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shalimar-Gärten (Jammu und Kashmir)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Calimaraj_%C4%9Cardenoj" title="Ŝalimaraj Ĝardenoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝalimaraj Ĝardenoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%8C_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="باغ شالیمار، سرینگر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باغ شالیمار، سرینگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardins_de_Shalimar_(Cachemire)" title="Jardins de Shalimar (Cachemire) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jardins de Shalimar (Cachemire)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaird%C3%ADn%C3%AD_Shalimar" title="Gairdíní Shalimar – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gairdíní Shalimar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97_(%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0)" title="शालीमार बाग (श्रीनगर) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शालीमार बाग (श्रीनगर)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giardini_Shalimar_(Srinagar)" title="Giardini Shalimar (Srinagar) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giardini Shalimar (Srinagar)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81%D9%95_%D9%85%D9%B2%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%8C_%D8%B3%D9%90%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="شالہٕ مٲر باغ، سِریٖنگَر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="شالہٕ مٲر باغ، سِریٖنگَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalimar_Bagh" title="Shalimar Bagh – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Shalimar Bagh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97_,_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸ਼ਾਲੀਮਾਰ ਬਾਗ , ਸ੍ਰੀ ਨਗਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਾਲੀਮਾਰ ਬਾਗ , ਸ੍ਰੀ ਨਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalimar_Bagh_(Srinagar)" title="Shalimar Bagh (Srinagar) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shalimar Bagh (Srinagar)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D,_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="சாலிமர் தோட்டம், சிறீநகர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாலிமர் தோட்டம், சிறீநகர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%86_(%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3)" title="ชาลีมาร์บาฆ (ศรีนคร) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาลีมาร์บาฆ (ศรีนคร)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%8C_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="شالیمار باغ، سرینگر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شالیمار باغ، سرینگر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q851242#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar&params=34_8_32.48_N_74_51_46.48_E_type:landmark_region:IN"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°8′32.48″N</span> <span class="longitude">74°51′46.48″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.1423556°N 74.8629111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.1423556; 74.8629111</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mughal garden at Dal Lake, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other gardens of the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Shalimar Gardens (disambiguation)">Shalimar Gardens</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #abdb75; line-height: 140%;">Shalimar Bagh</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shalimar_Bagh_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Shalimar_Bagh_1.jpg/250px-Shalimar_Bagh_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Shalimar_Bagh_1.jpg/375px-Shalimar_Bagh_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Shalimar_Bagh_1.jpg/500px-Shalimar_Bagh_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Shalimar Bagh's marble pavilion</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_5820b9b0ab8186d59a7a9d110c38c822ced6350b"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar&revid=1272458063&groups=_5820b9b0ab8186d59a7a9d110c38c822ced6350b" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar&revid=1272458063&groups=_5820b9b0ab8186d59a7a9d110c38c822ced6350b 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="category"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mughal_garden" title="Mughal garden">Mughal garden</a></td></tr><tr class="label"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar&params=34_8_32.48_N_74_51_46.48_E_type:landmark_region:IN"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°8′32.48″N</span> <span class="longitude">74°51′46.48″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.1423556°N 74.8629111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.1423556; 74.8629111</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">12.4 hectares (31 acres)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opened</th><td class="infobox-data">1619 A.D.<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1619 A.D.</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data">Jahangir</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owned by</th><td class="infobox-data">Jammu and Kashmir Tourism Department</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operated by</th><td class="infobox-data">Jammu and Kashmir Tourism Department</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://srinagar.nic.in/tourist-place/shalimar-garden">srinagar.nic.in</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shalimar Bagh</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Urdu pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ur-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[ʃɑːliːmɑːɾ<span class="wrap"> </span>bɑːɣ]</a></span> ; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Kashmiri pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ks-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ʃaːlɨməːr<span class="wrap"> </span>baːɣ]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Mughal_garden" title="Mughal garden">Mughal garden</a> in <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a>-administered <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, located at the northeast of <a href="/wiki/Dal_Lake" title="Dal Lake">Dal Lake</a>. It is also known as <b>Shalimar Garden, Farah Baksh</b>, and <b>Faiz Baksh</b>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The other famous shoreline garden in the vicinity is <a href="/wiki/Nishat_Bagh" title="Nishat Bagh">Nishat Bagh</a>, 'The Garden of Delight'. The Bagh was built by <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> Emperor <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a> in 1619. The Bagh is considered the high point of Mughal <a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">horticulture</a>. It is now a public park and also referred to as the "Crown of Srinagar".<sup id="cite_ref-Bindloss_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bindloss-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bagh_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bagh-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is the earliest of the Mughal imperial gardens called <b>Shalimar Gardens</b>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens,_Lahore" title="Shalimar Gardens, Lahore">one in Lahore</a>, begun in 1641 under <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens,_Delhi" title="Shalimar Gardens, Delhi">the one in Delhi</a>, begun in 1653 by <a href="/wiki/Izz-un-Nissa" title="Izz-un-Nissa">Izz-un-Nissa</a>, his wife. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several other <a href="/wiki/Mughal_garden" title="Mughal garden">Mughal gardens</a> situated in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> share the name 'Shalimar'.<sup id="cite_ref-Suvorova_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suvorova-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the exact origin of the word remains unknown, the most correct etymology could be <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>-<a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> mixed expression <i><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">shah</a> al-‘imarat</i> (Master of Buildings).<sup id="cite_ref-Suvorova_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suvorova-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_view_of_Shalimar_Bagh_in_Srinagar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/A_view_of_Shalimar_Bagh_in_Srinagar.jpg/220px-A_view_of_Shalimar_Bagh_in_Srinagar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/A_view_of_Shalimar_Bagh_in_Srinagar.jpg/330px-A_view_of_Shalimar_Bagh_in_Srinagar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/A_view_of_Shalimar_Bagh_in_Srinagar.jpg/440px-A_view_of_Shalimar_Bagh_in_Srinagar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A view of Shalimar Bagh</figcaption></figure> <p>Shalimar Bagh was built by Mughal Emperor Jahangir in 1619.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He enlarged the ancient garden in 1619 into a royal garden and called it 'Farah Baksh' ('the delightful'). In 1630, under Emperor <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>’s orders, Zafar Khan the governor of Kashmir extended it. He named it ‘Faiz Baksh’ ('the bountiful'). It then became a pleasure place for the Sikh governors of the province. </p><p>During the rule of <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Maharaja Ranjit Singh</a>, the marble pavilion was the guest house for European visitors. Electrification of the premises was done during <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a> <a href="/wiki/Hari_Singh" title="Hari Singh">Hari Singh</a>’s rule. Thus, over the years, the garden was extended and improved by many rulers and called by different names, but the most popular name ‘Shalimar Bagh’ continues to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-Bagh_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bagh-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shalimar_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shalimar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Mughal period, in particular, Emperor Jahangir and his wife Nur Jahan were so enamoured of Kashmir that during summer they moved to Srinagar with their full-court entourage from <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> at least 13 times. Shalimar Bagh was their imperial summer residence and the Royal Court. They crossed the arduous snowy passes of the <a href="/wiki/Pir_Panjal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pir Panjal">Pir Panjal</a> mountain range on elephants to reach Srinagar.<sup id="cite_ref-Asif_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asif-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Layout">Layout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_entrance_to_Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/The_entrance_to_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar.jpg/220px-The_entrance_to_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/The_entrance_to_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar.jpg/330px-The_entrance_to_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/The_entrance_to_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar.jpg/440px-The_entrance_to_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>Entrance channel to Shalimar Bagh from Dal Lake, 1864 view</figcaption></figure> <p>The layout of the garden is an adaptation of another <a href="/wiki/Islamic_garden" title="Islamic garden">Islamic garden</a> layout known as the <a href="/wiki/Persian_gardens" title="Persian gardens">Persian gardens</a>. The garden was built on flat land on a square plan with four radiating arms from a central location as the water source. It needed to be modified to suit the hilly terrain and availability of a well, which could be diverted from a higher elevation to the planned gardens. Modifications involved the main channel running through the garden axially from top to the lowest point. This central channel, known as the Shah Nahar, is the main axis of the garden. It runs through three terraces. This layout left out the radial arms and the shape became rectangular, instead of a square plan of the Chahar Bagh.<sup id="cite_ref-Bagh_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bagh-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The garden covers an area of 12.4 hectares (31 acres) built with a size of 587 metres (1,926 ft) length on the main axis channel and with a total width of 251 metres (823 ft). The garden has three terraces fitted with fountains and with <a href="/wiki/Platanus_orientalis" title="Platanus orientalis">chinar</a> (sycamore) tree-lined vistas. The <i>Shahnahar</i> is the main feeder channel to all the terraces. Each one of the three terraces has a specific role.<sup id="cite_ref-Bagh_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bagh-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The garden was linked to the open Dal Lake water through a canal of about 1.6 kilometres (0.99 mi) length and 11 metres (36 ft) in width that ran through swampy quagmire. Willow groves and rice terraces fringed the lake edge. Broad green paths bordered the lake with rows of chinar trees. The garden was laid in trellised walkways lined by avenues of aspen trees planted at 0.61 metres (2 ft 0 in) interval.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuart_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuart-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shalimar_Gardens,_Kashmir..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Shalimar_Gardens%2C_Kashmir..jpg/220px-Shalimar_Gardens%2C_Kashmir..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Shalimar_Gardens%2C_Kashmir..jpg/330px-Shalimar_Gardens%2C_Kashmir..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Shalimar_Gardens%2C_Kashmir..jpg/440px-Shalimar_Gardens%2C_Kashmir..jpg 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>View of Shalimar Bagh</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shalimar_Garden_Shrinagar_Pavilion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Shalimar_Garden_Shrinagar_Pavilion.jpg/220px-Shalimar_Garden_Shrinagar_Pavilion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Shalimar_Garden_Shrinagar_Pavilion.jpg/330px-Shalimar_Garden_Shrinagar_Pavilion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Shalimar_Garden_Shrinagar_Pavilion.jpg/440px-Shalimar_Garden_Shrinagar_Pavilion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1869" data-file-height="1111" /></a><figcaption>The marble pavilion</figcaption></figure> <p>The architectural details of the three terraces of the garden are elaborate. </p><p>The first terrace is a public garden or the outer garden ending in the Diwan-e-Aam (public audience hall). In this hall, a small black marble throne was installed over the waterfall.<sup id="cite_ref-Bagh_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bagh-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Asif_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asif-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second terrace garden along the axial canal, slightly broader, has two shallow terraces. The Diwan-e-Khas (the Hall of Private Audience), which was accessible only to the noblemen or guests of the court, now derelict, is in its centre. However, the carved stone bases and a fine platform surrounded by fountains are still seen. The royal bathrooms are located on the north-west boundary of this enclosure. The fountain pools of the Diwan-e-Khas, the Diwan-e-Aam, and in turn, the Zenana terrace are supplied in succession.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has 410 fountains. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mughal_era_architecture_inside_of_the_Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Mughal_era_architecture_inside_of_the_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar.jpg/220px-Mughal_era_architecture_inside_of_the_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Mughal_era_architecture_inside_of_the_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar.jpg/330px-Mughal_era_architecture_inside_of_the_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Mughal_era_architecture_inside_of_the_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar.jpg/440px-Mughal_era_architecture_inside_of_the_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1540" data-file-height="1144" /></a><figcaption>Mughal era architecture, inside of the Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_view_of_Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar,_in_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/A_view_of_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar%2C_in_2013.jpg/220px-A_view_of_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar%2C_in_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/A_view_of_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar%2C_in_2013.jpg/330px-A_view_of_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar%2C_in_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/A_view_of_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar%2C_in_2013.jpg/440px-A_view_of_Shalimar_Bagh%2C_Srinagar%2C_in_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="880" /></a><figcaption>Shalimar Bagh in Srinagar, April 2013.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the third terrace, the axial water channel flows through the Zenana garden, which is flanked by the Diwan-e-Khas and chinar trees. At the entrance to this terrace, there are two small pavilions or guard rooms (built in Kashmir style on stone plinth) that is the restricted and controlled entry zone of the royal harem. Shah Jahan built a <a href="/wiki/Baradari_(building)" title="Baradari (building)">baradari</a> of black marble, called the Black Pavilion in the zenana garden. It is encircled by a fountain pool that receives its supply from a higher terrace. A double cascade falls against a low wall carved with small niches (chini khanas), behind the pavilion. Two smaller, secondary water canals lead from the Black Pavilion to a small baradari. Above the third level, two octagonal pavilions define the end wall of the garden. The baradari has a lovely backdrop of the snow mountains, which is considered a befitting setting for the Bagh.<sup id="cite_ref-Bagh_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bagh-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Royal_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Shalimar Bagh is well known for <i>chini khanas</i>, or arched niches, behind garden waterfalls. They are a unique feature in the Bagh. These niches were lighted at night with oil lamps, which gave a fairy tale appearance to the waterfalls. However, now the niches hold pots of flower pots that reflect their colours behind the cascading water.<sup id="cite_ref-Bagh_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bagh-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Royal_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another unusual architectural feature mentioned is about the doors of the Baradari. In the garden complex, the Baradari had four exquisite doors made of stones supported by pillars. It is conjectured that these stone doors were ruins from old temples that were demolished by Shahjahan. The garden also provided large water troughs where a variety of fountains were fixed.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuart_p.167_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuart_p.167-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been aptly described by a chronicler glowingly: </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-Stuart_p.167_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuart_p.167-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A subtle air of leisure and repose, a romantic indefinable spell, pervades the royal Shalimar: this leafy garden of dim vistas, shallow terraces, smooth sheets of falling water, and wide canals, with calm reflections broken only by the stepping stones across the streams.</p></blockquote> <p>Even in later years, during Maharaja's rule, the gardens were well maintained and continue to be so even now as it is one of the prominent visitor attractions around the Dal Lake. </p><p>The garden is considered to be very beautiful during the autumn and spring seasons due to the colour change in leaves of the famed Chinar trees. </p><p>The gardens were the inspiration for other gardens of the same name, notably the <a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Bagh,_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shalimar Bagh, Delhi">Shalimar Bagh, Delhi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> (built in 1653, which now also has an upscale colony) and <a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens_(Lahore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shalimar Gardens (Lahore)">Shalimar Gardens</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> built by Emperor Shah Jahan in 1641. </p><p>The black pavilion built during the early part of Jahangir's reign (1569–1627), in the top terrace of the Shalimar Bagh, has the famous inscription in <a href="/wiki/Persian_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Language">Persian</a>, which says:<sup id="cite_ref-kausar_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kausar-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blake_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blake-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>اگر فردوس بر روے زمین است<br /> همین است و همین است و همین است<br /> <i>Agar Firdaus bar rōy-e zamin ast,<br /></i> <i>hamin ast-o hamin ast-o hamin ast</i>. </p> </blockquote> <p>This is a couplet wrongly attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian-language</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Amir_Khusrau" title="Amir Khusrau">Amir Khusrau</a>, But written by a Persian poet <a href="/wiki/%27Orfi_Shirazi" title="'Orfi Shirazi">'Orfi Shirazi</a> during his visit to Kashmir,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is inscribed on many buildings in the Indian subcontinent. </p><p>Translated to <a href="/wiki/English_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="English Language">English</a>, it means: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>If there is a paradise on earth, it is here, it is here, it is here.</p></blockquote> <p>It is also mentioned that when Jahangir was asked on his death bed about his cherished desire he is credited to have said:<sup id="cite_ref-Akbar_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akbar-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Kashmir, the rest is worthless.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The poem "<a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_Song" title="Kashmiri Song">Kashmiri Song</a>" by Laurence Hope (pseudonym of <a href="/wiki/Violet_Nicolson" title="Violet Nicolson">Violet Nicolson</a>) opens with the line referring to Shalimar:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Pale hands I loved beside the Shalimar </p> </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>Four Indian Lyrics</i>, "Kashmiri Song", p.13</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The song was set to music by Lawrence Hope herself and was very popular in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a>'s 2005 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Shalimar_the_Clown" title="Shalimar the Clown">Shalimar the Clown</a></i> refers to the garden in its title as well as the name of the central character who "has turned from a benign, tightrope-walking clown in a Kashmiri village into a Muslim terrorist".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fiction deals with the fate of Kashmir in a world steeped in terrorism as it moves from California to Kashmir.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a> praises the book as being a "devastating portrait of the destruction of Kashmir.”<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/48px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/64px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3294" data-file-height="2227" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Gardening" title="Portal:Gardening">Gardening portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achabal_Gardens" title="Achabal Gardens">Achabal Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verinag" title="Verinag">Verinag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardens in India">Gardens in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Islamic_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Islamic Architecture">Indo-Islamic Architecture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bindloss-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bindloss_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBindlossSarina_Singh2007" class="citation book cs1">Bindloss, Joe; Sarina Singh (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetindi00sari"><i>India</i></a></span>. Lonely Planet. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetindi00sari/page/353">353</a>–354, 360. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-308-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-308-2"><bdi>978-1-74104-308-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2009</span>. <q>Dal Lake.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India&rft.pages=353-354%2C+360&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-74104-308-2&rft.aulast=Bindloss&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.au=Sarina+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flonelyplanetindi00sari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bagh-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bagh_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bagh_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bagh_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bagh_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bagh_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bagh_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bagh_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120509173939/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=8861">"Shalimar Gardens in Srinagar"</a>. Archnet.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=8861">the original</a> on 9 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shalimar+Gardens+in+Srinagar&rft.pub=Archnet.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archnet.org%2Flibrary%2Fsites%2Fone-site.jsp%3Fsite_id%3D8861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suvorova-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Suvorova_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suvorova_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuvorova2012" class="citation book cs1">Suvorova, Anna (9 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g9evtgAACAAJ"><i>Lahore: Topophilia of Space and Place</i></a>. OUP Pakistan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-906355-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-906355-0"><bdi>978-0-19-906355-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lahore%3A+Topophilia+of+Space+and+Place&rft.pub=OUP+Pakistan&rft.date=2012-02-09&rft.isbn=978-0-19-906355-0&rft.aulast=Suvorova&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg9evtgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://srinagar.nic.in/tourist-place/shalimar-garden/#:~:text=The%20Bagh%20was%20built%20by,called%20as%20crown%20of%20Srinagar.">"Govt. Website"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Govt.+Website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsrinagar.nic.in%2Ftourist-place%2Fshalimar-garden%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520Bagh%2520was%2520built%2520by%2Ccalled%2520as%2520crown%2520of%2520Srinagar.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shalimar-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shalimar_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiaexplorers.com/india/shalimar_bagh_mughal_garden.htm">"Shalimar Bagh Mughal Garden, Srinagar"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shalimar+Bagh+Mughal+Garden%2C+Srinagar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiaexplorers.com%2Findia%2Fshalimar_bagh_mughal_garden.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asif-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Asif_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asif_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alshindagah.com/marapr2005/india.html">"The Royal Gardners of Mughal India"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Gardners+of+Mughal+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alshindagah.com%2Fmarapr2005%2Findia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stuart-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stuart_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuart2008" class="citation book cs1">Stuart, C.M. Villiers (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HpCb6ezD-m0C&q=Gardens+of+the+Great+Mughals+(1913),++C.M.+Villiers+Stuart's&pg=PR2"><i>Gardens of the Great Mughals (1913)</i></a>. Read Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">162–</span>166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4097-1962-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4097-1962-5"><bdi>978-1-4097-1962-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gardens+of+the+Great+Mughals+%281913%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E162-%3C%2Fspan%3E166&rft.pub=Read+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4097-1962-5&rft.aulast=Stuart&rft.aufirst=C.M.+Villiers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHpCb6ezD-m0C%26q%3DGardens%2Bof%2Bthe%2BGreat%2BMughals%2B%281913%29%2C%2B%2BC.M.%2BVilliers%2BStuart%27s%26pg%3DPR2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Royal-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121128033502/http://searchkashmir.blogspot.com/2009/04/history-of-shalimar-bagh.html">"History of Shalimar Bagh"</a>. 4 April 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://searchkashmir.blogspot.com/2009/04/history-of-shalimar-bagh.html">the original</a> on 28 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Shalimar+Bagh&rft.date=2009-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearchkashmir.blogspot.com%2F2009%2F04%2Fhistory-of-shalimar-bagh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stuart_p.167-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stuart_p.167_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stuart_p.167_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart p.167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kausar-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kausar_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSajjad_Kausar2005" class="citation web cs1">Sajjad Kausar (July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723103627/http://conferences.ncl.ac.uk/unescolandscapes/files/KAUSARSajjad.pdf">"Meaning of Mughal Landscape"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conferences.ncl.ac.uk/unescolandscapes/files/KAUSARSajjad.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meaning+of+Mughal+Landscape&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2005-07&rft.au=Sajjad+Kausar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconferences.ncl.ac.uk%2Funescolandscapes%2Ffiles%2FKAUSARSajjad.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blake-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blake_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake2002" class="citation book cs1">Blake, Stephen P. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vJ0e0kfgttUC&q=Shalimar+Gardens+inscription+-Scribid-+If+there+is+a+paradise+on+earth%2C+it+is+this%2C+it+is+this%2C+it+is+this&pg=PA44"><i>Shahjahanabad: The Sovereign City in Mughal India (1639-1739)</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-52299-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-52299-4"><bdi>0-521-52299-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shahjahanabad%3A+The+Sovereign+City+in+Mughal+India+%281639-1739%29&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-521-52299-4&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Stephen+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvJ0e0kfgttUC%26q%3DShalimar%2BGardens%2Binscription%2B-Scribid-%2BIf%2Bthere%2Bis%2Ba%2Bparadise%2Bon%2Bearth%252C%2Bit%2Bis%2Bthis%252C%2Bit%2Bis%2Bthis%252C%2Bit%2Bis%2Bthis%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranboom.ir/shekar-shekan/adabiat/8301-zekr-keshmir-dar-adab-farsi.html">"ذکر کشمیر در ادب فارسی"</a>. <i>www.iranboom.ir</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iranboom.ir&rft.atitle=%D8%B0%DA%A9%D8%B1+%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8+%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranboom.ir%2Fshekar-shekan%2Fadabiat%2F8301-zekr-keshmir-dar-adab-farsi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Akbar-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Akbar_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dTR7X6pmY94C&q=Jahangir's+words+-+If+there+is+a+paradise+on+earth,+it+is+this,+it+is+this,+it+is+this&pg=PA248"><i>Byline</i></a>. Chronicle Books. 2003. p. 248. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-8028-003-9" title="Special:BookSources/81-8028-003-9"><bdi>81-8028-003-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byline&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=81-8028-003-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdTR7X6pmY94C%26q%3DJahangir%27s%2Bwords%2B-%2BIf%2Bthere%2Bis%2Ba%2Bparadise%2Bon%2Bearth%2C%2Bit%2Bis%2Bthis%2C%2Bit%2Bis%2Bthis%2C%2Bit%2Bis%2Bthis%26pg%3DPA248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmy_Woodforde-Finden1902" class="citation book cs1">Amy Woodforde-Finden, Laurence Hope (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/fourindianlovel00hopegoog"><i>Four Indian Love Lyrics: From "The Garden of Kama."</i></a>. Harvard University. Boosey & Co. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+Indian+Love+Lyrics%3A+From+%22The+Garden+of+Kama.%22&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Boosey+%26+Co.&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Amy+Woodforde-Finden&rft.aufirst=Laurence+Hope&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffourindianlovel00hopegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoctor2015" class="citation web cs1">Doctor, Geeta (18 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scroll.in/article/695936/the-story-behind-the-kashmiri-song-that-entranced-britain-between-the-wars">"The story behind the Kashmiri Song that entranced Britain between the wars"</a>. <i>Scroll.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scroll.in&rft.atitle=The+story+behind+the+Kashmiri+Song+that+entranced+Britain+between+the+wars&rft.date=2015-04-18&rft.aulast=Doctor&rft.aufirst=Geeta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Farticle%2F695936%2Fthe-story-behind-the-kashmiri-song-that-entranced-britain-between-the-wars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmy_Woodforde-Finden1902" class="citation book cs1">Amy Woodforde-Finden, Laurence Hope (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/fourindianlovel00hopegoog"><i>Four Indian Love Lyrics: From "The Garden of Kama."</i></a>. Harvard University. Boosey & Co. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+Indian+Love+Lyrics%3A+From+%22The+Garden+of+Kama.%22&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Boosey+%26+Co.&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Amy+Woodforde-Finden&rft.aufirst=Laurence+Hope&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffourindianlovel00hopegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/salman-youre-slayin-me/article986788/">"Salman, you're slayin' me!"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. 17 September 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Salman%2C+you%27re+slayin%27+me%21&rft.date=2005-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Farts%2Fsalman-youre-slayin-me%2Farticle986788%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRushdie2006" class="citation book cs1">Rushdie, Salman (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/shalimarclownnov0000rush"><i>Shalimar the clown</i></a>. Internet Archive. London : Vintage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-949809-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-949809-4"><bdi>978-0-09-949809-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shalimar+the+clown&rft.pub=London+%3A+Vintage&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-09-949809-4&rft.aulast=Rushdie&rft.aufirst=Salman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshalimarclownnov0000rush&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKakutani2005" class="citation news cs1">Kakutani, Reviewed by Michiko (9 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/09/style/shalimar-the-clown.html">"SHALIMAR THE CLOWN (Published 2005)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=SHALIMAR+THE+CLOWN+%28Published+2005%29&rft.date=2005-09-09&rft.aulast=Kakutani&rft.aufirst=Reviewed+by+Michiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F09%2F09%2Fstyle%2Fshalimar-the-clown.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDev2005" class="citation web cs1">Dev (17 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salmanrushdie.com/shalimar-the-clown/">"Shalimar The Clown"</a>. <i>Salman Rushdie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salman+Rushdie&rft.atitle=Shalimar+The+Clown&rft.date=2005-05-17&rft.au=Dev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salmanrushdie.com%2Fshalimar-the-clown%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarkar2016" class="citation journal cs1">Sarkar, Sreyoshi (1 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fces.4731">"Shalimar the Clown and the Politics of "Worlding" the Kashmir Conflict"</a>. <i>Commonwealth Essays and Studies</i>. <b>39</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">23–</span>33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fces.4731">10.4000/ces.4731</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2270-0633">2270-0633</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Commonwealth+Essays+and+Studies&rft.atitle=Shalimar+the+Clown+and+the+Politics+of+%22Worlding%22+the+Kashmir+Conflict&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fces.4731&rft.issn=2270-0633&rft.aulast=Sarkar&rft.aufirst=Sreyoshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4000%252Fces.4731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDev2005" class="citation web cs1">Dev (17 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salmanrushdie.com/shalimar-the-clown/">"Shalimar The Clown"</a>. <i>Salman Rushdie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salman+Rushdie&rft.atitle=Shalimar+The+Clown&rft.date=2005-05-17&rft.au=Dev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salmanrushdie.com%2Fshalimar-the-clown%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShalimar+Bagh%2C+Srinagar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akingam" title="Akingam">Akingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achabal" title="Achabal">Achabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulwama" title="Pulwama">Pulwama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budgam" title="Budgam">Budgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganderbal" title="Ganderbal">Ganderbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopian" title="Shopian">Shopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandipore" title="Bandipore">Bandipore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulgam" title="Kulgam">Kulgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_(Srinagar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown (Srinagar)">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowshera_(Srinagar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nowshera (Srinagar)">Nowshera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurez" title="Gurez">Gurez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattan" title="Pattan">Pattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangan,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Kangan, Jammu and Kashmir">Kangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazratbal" title="Hazratbal">Hazratbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awantipora" title="Awantipora">Awantipora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tral" title="Tral">Tral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazigund" title="Qazigund">Qazigund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokernag" title="Kokernag">Kokernag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangus" title="Shangus">Shangus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijbehara" title="Bijbehara">Bijbehara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doru_Shahabad" title="Doru Shahabad">Doru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahalgam" title="Pahalgam">Pahalgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattan" title="Pattan">Pattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Uri, Jammu and Kashmir">Uri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreeri" title="Kreeri">Kreeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boniyar" title="Boniyar">Boniyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangmarg" title="Tangmarg">Tangmarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopore" title="Sopore">Sopore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafaiabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafaiabad">Rafaiabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnah" title="Karnah">Karnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupwara" title="Kupwara">Kupwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolab" class="mw-redirect" title="Lolab">Lolab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handwara" title="Handwara">Handwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langate" title="Langate">Langate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charari_Sharief" title="Charari Sharief">Charari Sharief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beerwah,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Beerwah, Jammu and Kashmir">Beerwah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadoora" title="Chadoora">Chadoora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagh_e_Mehtab" title="Bagh e Mehtab">Bagh e Mehtab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbal,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Sumbal, Jammu and Kashmir">Sumbal Sonawari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimoh" class="mw-redirect" title="Quimoh">Quimoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahloo" title="Pahloo">Pahloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D.H.Pora" class="mw-redirect" title="D.H.Pora">D.H.Pora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soura" class="mw-redirect" title="Soura">Soura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchpora" title="Buchpora">Buchpora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawahar_Nagar_Srinagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawahar Nagar Srinagar">Jawahar Nagar Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajbagh" title="Rajbagh">Rajbagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bemina" title="Bemina">Bemina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisuma" title="Maisuma">Maisuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karan_Nagar" title="Karan Nagar">Karan Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Nagar,_Srinagar" title="Indira Nagar, Srinagar">Indira Nagar, Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazratbal" title="Hazratbal">Hazratbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Chowk" title="Lal Chowk">Lal Chowk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonwar_Bagh" title="Sonwar Bagh">Sonwar Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowhatta" title="Nowhatta">Nowhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazratbal" title="Hazratbal">Hazratbal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bazar" title="Lal Bazar">Lal Bazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zukura" class="mw-redirect" title="Zukura">Zukura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munawar_Abad" title="Munawar Abad">Munawar Abad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badami_Bagh" title="Badami Bagh">Badami Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowshera,_Srinagar" title="Nowshera, Srinagar">Nowshera, Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singhpora" title="Singhpora">Singhpora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magam" title="Magam">Magam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokernag" title="Kokernag">Kokernag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daksum" title="Daksum">Daksum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehlum_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehlum River">Jehlum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sind_River" title="Sind River">Sind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidder_River" title="Lidder River">Lidder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishanganga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kishanganga River">Kishanganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veshaw_River" title="Veshaw River">Veshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambi_Ara" title="Rambi Ara">Rambi Ara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Glaciers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolhoi_Glacier" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolhoi Glacier">Kolhoi Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machoi_Glacier" title="Machoi Glacier">Machoi Glacier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchar_Lake" title="Anchar Lake">Anchar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dal_Lake" title="Dal Lake">Dal Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeen_Lake" title="Nigeen Lake">Nigeen Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasbal_Lake" title="Manasbal Lake">Manasbal Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wular_Lake" title="Wular Lake">Wular Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishansar_Lake" title="Vishansar Lake">Vishansar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishansar_Lake" title="Krishansar Lake">Krishansar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangabal_Lake" title="Gangabal Lake">Gangabal Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsar_Lake" title="Gadsar Lake">Gadsar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheshnag_Lake" title="Sheshnag Lake">Sheshnag Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsar_Lake" title="Tarsar Lake">Tarsar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nundkol_Lake" title="Nundkol Lake">Nundkol Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsar_Lake" title="Satsar Lake">Satsar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kausar_Nag" title="Kausar Nag">Kausar Nag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brari_Nambal" title="Brari Nambal">Brari Nambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushal_Sar" title="Khushal Sar">Khushal Sar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Sar" title="Gil Sar">Gil Sar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanpursar" title="Khanpursar">Khanpursar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harmukh" title="Harmukh">Harmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolhoi_Peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolhoi Peak">Kolhoi Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machoi_Peak" title="Machoi Peak">Machoi Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarnath_Peak" title="Amarnath Peak">Amarnath Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirbal_Peak" title="Sirbal Peak">Sirbal Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatakooti_Peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatakooti Peak">Tatakooti Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Peak_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" title="Sunset Peak (Jammu and Kashmir)">Sunset Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Peak" title="Mahadev Peak">Mahadev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hill stations<br />and<br />Mughal gardens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pahalgam" title="Pahalgam">Pahalgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonamarg" title="Sonamarg">Sonamarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusmarg" title="Yusmarg">Yusmarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulmarg" title="Gulmarg">Gulmarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aharbal" title="Aharbal">Aharbal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nishat_Bagh" title="Nishat Bagh">Nishat Bagh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shalimar Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chashme_Shahi" title="Chashme Shahi">Chashme Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verinag" title="Verinag">Verinag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokernag" title="Kokernag">Kokernag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naseem_Bagh" title="Naseem Bagh">Naseem Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pari_Mahal" title="Pari Mahal">Pari Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achabal_Gardens" title="Achabal Gardens">Achabal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protected areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dachigam_National_Park" title="Dachigam National Park">Dachigam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokersar" title="Hokersar">Hokersar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirpora_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary">Hirpora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overa-Aru_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary">Overa-Aru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajparian_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Rajparian Wildlife Sanctuary">Rajparian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulmarg_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary">Gulmarg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kashmir" title="History of Kashmir">History of Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_of_Kashmir" title="The Valley of Kashmir"><i>The Valley Of Kashmir</i> (1895 book)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu%E2%80%93Baramulla_line" title="Jammu–Baramulla line">Jammu–Baramulla line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30x27px&#124;link=Flags_of_the_Mughal_EmpireMughal_Empire206" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mughal_Empire" title="Template:Mughal Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mughal_Empire" title="Template talk:Mughal Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mughal_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mughal Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30x27px&#124;link=Flags_of_the_Mughal_EmpireMughal_Empire206" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Flags of the Mughal Empire"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire.png/30px-Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire.png/45px-Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire.png/60px-Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="905" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperors">Emperors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahryar_Mirza" title="Shahryar Mirza">Shahryar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb (Alamgir I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Azam_Shah" title="Muhammad Azam Shah">Muhammad Azam Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_I" title="Bahadur Shah I">Bahadur Shah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahandar_Shah" title="Jahandar Shah">Jahandar Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrukhsiyar" title="Farrukhsiyar">Farrukhsiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_ud-Darajat" title="Rafi ud-Darajat">Rafi ud-Darajat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_II" title="Shah Jahan II">Shah Jahan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah" title="Muhammad Shah">Muhammad Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadur" title="Ahmad Shah Bahadur">Ahmad Shah Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamgir_II" title="Alamgir II">Alamgir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_III" title="Shah Jahan III">Shah Jahan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam_II" title="Shah Alam II">Shah Alam II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_Bahadur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud Shah Bahadur">Shah Jahan IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar_II" title="Akbar II">Akbar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_family_tree" title="Timurid family tree">family tree</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Economy of the Mughal Empire">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Mughal Empire">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Foreign relations of the Mughal Empire">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Government of the Mughal Empire">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Army of the Mughal Empire">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_artillery" title="Mughal artillery">Mughal artillery</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Provinces25" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Subah" title="Subah">Provinces</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agra_Subah" title="Agra Subah">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajmer_Subah" title="Ajmer Subah">Ajmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awadh_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Awadh Subah">Awadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Subah" title="Bengal Subah">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berar_Subah" title="Berar Subah">Berar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Subah" title="Bihar Subah">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Subah" title="Gujarat Subah">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Delhi Subah">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Subah" title="Hyderabad Subah">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Subah">Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwa_Subah" title="Malwa Subah">Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subah_of_Multan" title="Subah of Multan">Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sira_Subah" title="Sira Subah">Sira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal-Rajput_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal-Rajput wars">Mughal-Rajput wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_conquest_of_Malwa" title="Mughal conquest of Malwa">Mughal conquest of Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar%27s_conquest_of_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbar's conquest of Gujarat">Gujarat conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Safavid_war_(1622%E2%80%931623)" title="Mughal–Safavid war (1622–1623)">Mughal–Safavid war (1622–1623)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Safavid_war_(1649%E2%80%931653)" title="Mughal–Safavid war (1649–1653)">Mughal–Safavid war (1649–1653)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokula#Battle_of_Tilpat" title="Gokula">Suppression of Tilpat rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahom%E2%80%93Mughal_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahom–Mughal conflicts">Ahom–Mughal conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet%E2%80%93Ladakh%E2%80%93Mughal_war" title="Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war">Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Maratha_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal–Maratha wars">Mughal–Maratha wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child%27s_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Child's war">Child's war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_wars" title="Carnatic wars">Carnatic wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal war">Bengal war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_between_Mughals_and_Sikhs" title="List of battles between Mughals and Sikhs">Mughal–Sikh wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Portuguese_conflicts" title="Mughal–Portuguese conflicts">Mughal–Portuguese conflicts</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agra" title="Battle of Agra">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badli-ki-Serai" title="Battle of Badli-ki-Serai">Badli-ki-Serai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhuchar_Mori" title="Battle of Bhuchar Mori">Bhuchar Mori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Buxar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chanderi" title="Battle of Chanderi">Chanderi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chausa" title="Battle of Chausa">Chausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ghaghra" title="Battle of Ghaghra">Ghagra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haldighati" title="Battle of Haldighati">Haldighati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karnal" title="Battle of Karnal">Karnal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khajwa" title="Battle of Khajwa">Khajwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khanwa" title="Battle of Khanwa">Khanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najafgarh" title="Battle of Najafgarh">Najafgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Panipat" title="First Battle of Panipat">Panipat (1526)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Second Battle of Panipat">Panipat (1556)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Third Battle of Panipat">Panipat (1761)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raj_Mahal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Raj Mahal">Raj Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samugarh" title="Battle of Samugarh">Samugarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirhind_(1555)" title="Battle of Sirhind (1555)">Sirhind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thanesar_(1567)" title="Battle of Thanesar (1567)">Thanesar (1567)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thanesar_(1710)" title="Battle of Thanesar (1710)">Thanesar (1710)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tukaroi" title="Battle of Tukaroi">Tukaroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Bakla" title="Conquest of Bakla">Bakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Bhulua" title="Conquest of Bhulua">Bhulua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sieges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bijapur" title="Siege of Bijapur">Bijapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chittorgarh_(1567%E2%80%931568)" title="Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)">Chittorgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Delhi" title="Siege of Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daman_(1638%E2%80%931639)" title="Siege of Daman (1638–1639)">Daman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daulatabad_(1633)" title="Siege of Daulatabad (1633)">Daulatabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Golconda" title="Siege of Golconda">Golconda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hooghly" title="Siege of Hooghly">Hooghly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jinji" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jinji">Jinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kandahar_(1605%E2%80%9306)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Kandahar (1605–06)">Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Purandhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Purandhar">Purandhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ranthambore_(1568)" title="Siege of Ranthambore (1568)">Ranthambore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sambhal" title="Siege of Sambhal">Sambhal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adversaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baro-Bhuyan#Baro-Bhuiyans_of_Bengal" title="Baro-Bhuyan">Baro-Bhuyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isa_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Isa Khan">Isa Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Usman" title="Khwaja Usman">Khwaja Usman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayazid_of_Sylhet" title="Bayazid of Sylhet">Bayazid of Sylhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Khan_of_Bengal" title="Musa Khan of Bengal">Musa Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratapaditya" title="Pratapaditya">Pratapaditya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrahim Lodi">Ibrahim Lodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rana_Sanga" title="Rana Sanga">Rana Sanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemu" title="Hemu">Hemu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharana_Pratap" title="Maharana Pratap">Maharana Pratap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Ambar" title="Malik Ambar">Malik Ambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokula" title="Gokula">Gokula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivaji" title="Shivaji">Shivaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachit_Borphukan" title="Lachit Borphukan">Lachit Borphukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushal_Khattak" title="Khushal Khattak">Khushal Khattak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Child,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Child, 1st Baronet">Josiah Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Every" title="Henry Every">Henry Every</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajirao_I" title="Bajirao I">Bajirao I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Munro,_8th_laird_of_Novar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hector Munro, 8th laird of Novar">Hector Munro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mughal_architecture" title="Mughal architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forts and palaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agra_Fort" title="Agra Fort">Agra Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalbagh_Fort" title="Lalbagh Fort">Lalbagh Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Fort" title="Red Fort">Red Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahangir_Mahal,_Orchha" title="Jahangir Mahal, Orchha">Jahangir Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheesh_Mahal_(Lahore_Fort)" title="Sheesh Mahal (Lahore Fort)">Sheesh Mahal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mughal_mosques" title="Category:Mughal mosques">Mosques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamgir_Mosque,_Aurangabad" title="Alamgir Mosque, Aurangabad">Alamgir Mosque, Aurangabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama Masjid, Delhi">Jama Masjid (Delhi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chawk_Mosque" title="Chawk Mosque">Chawk Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_Mosque,_Thatta" title="Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta">Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunehri_Masjid,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunehri Masjid, Lahore">Sunehri Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_Mosque" title="Wazir Khan Mosque">Wazir Khan Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mughal_tombs" title="Category:Mughal tombs">Tombs and mausoleums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Akbar_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Akbar the Great">Akbar's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibi_Ka_Maqbara" title="Bibi Ka Maqbara">Bibi Ka Maqbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Babur" title="Gardens of Babur">Gardens of Babur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humayun%27s_Tomb" title="Humayun's Tomb">Humayun's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jahangir" title="Tomb of Jahangir">Jahangir's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Salim_Chishti" title="Tomb of Salim Chishti">Tomb of Salim Chishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Aurangzeb" title="Tomb of Aurangzeb">Tomb of Aurangzeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Nur_Jahan" title="Tomb of Nur Jahan">Tomb of Nur Jahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tombs_of_Mughal_Empire" title="List of tombs of Mughal Empire">List of tombs of Mughal Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri" title="Fatehpur Sikri">Fatehpur Sikri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens,_Lahore" title="Shalimar Gardens, Lahore">Shalimar Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achabal_Gardens" title="Achabal Gardens">Achabal Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahi_Bridge,_Jaunpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahi Bridge, Jaunpur">Shahi Bridge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Mughal_architecture" title="Category:Mughal architecture">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Persian_culture" title="Indo-Persian culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_clothing" title="Mughal clothing">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_garden" title="Mughal garden">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language_in_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian language in South Asia">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_painting" title="Mughal painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persians_in_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Persians in the Mughal Empire">Persian Mughals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal tribe">Tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_weapons" title="Mughal weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Foreign relations of the Mughal Empire">Foreign relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Successor states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Empire" title="Sur Empire">Sur Empire</a> (<i>interrupted</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajputana" title="Rajputana">Rajput states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jat_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jat people">Jats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawabs_of_Bengal_and_Murshidabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad">Nawabs of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_Awadh" title="Nawab of Awadh">Nawabs of Awadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Nizam of Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnatic state">Carnatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohilkhand" title="Rohilkhand">Rohilkhand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar&oldid=1272458063">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar&oldid=1272458063</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gardens_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Category:Gardens in Jammu and Kashmir">Gardens in Jammu and Kashmir</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mughal_gardens_in_India" title="Category:Mughal gardens in 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