CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-GB"> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="theme" content="NHS-nightingale-2.2.0"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer> var gtm4wp_datalayer_name = "dataLayer"; var dataLayer = dataLayer || []; </script> <style>html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}a{background-color:transparent}strong{font-weight:bolder}img{border-style:none}button,input{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0}button{text-transform:none}[type=submit],button{-webkit-appearance:button}[type=submit]::-moz-focus-inner,button::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;padding:0}[type=submit]:-moz-focusring,button:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted ButtonText}[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px}[type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit}body,button,input{font-family:Frutiger W01,Arial,Sans-serif}h1{clear:both}p{margin-bottom:1.5em}body{background:#fff}ul{list-style:disc}ol{list-style:decimal}img{height:auto;max-width:100%}figure{margin:1em 0}.screen-reader-text{border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px;word-wrap:normal!important}.aligncenter{clear:both;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.entry-content:after,.entry-content:before{content:"";display:table;table-layout:fixed}.entry-content:after{clear:both}.page{margin:0 0 1.5em}.entry-content{margin:1.5em 0 0}html{-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}*,:after,:before{-moz-box-sizing:inherit;-webkit-box-sizing:inherit;box-sizing:inherit}article,header,nav,section{display:block}button,input{font-family:inherit}a{color:#005eb8}a:visited{color:#330072}html{background-color:#d8dde0;font-family:Frutiger W01,Arial,Sans-serif;overflow-y:scroll}body{-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;background-color:#f0f4f5;color:#212b32;font-size:16px;line-height:1.5;margin:0;min-height:100%}.nhsuk-grid-row{margin-left:-16px;margin-right:-16px}.nhsuk-grid-row:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}.nhsuk-grid-column-one-third{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0 16px}@media (min-width:48.0625em){.nhsuk-grid-column-one-third{float:left;width:33.3333%}}.nhsuk-grid-column-two-thirds{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0 16px}@media (min-width:48.0625em){.nhsuk-grid-column-two-thirds{float:left;width:66.6666%}}.nhsuk-grid-column-full{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0 16px}@media (min-width:48.0625em){.nhsuk-grid-column-full{float:left;width:100%}}.nhsuk-main-wrapper{padding-top:40px;padding-bottom:40px;display:block}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-main-wrapper{padding-top:48px;padding-bottom:48px}}.nhsuk-main-wrapper>:first-child{margin-top:0}.nhsuk-main-wrapper>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.nhsuk-width-container{margin:0 16px;max-width:960px}@media (min-width:48.0625em){.nhsuk-width-container{margin:0 32px}}@media (min-width:1024px){.nhsuk-width-container{margin:0 auto}}.nhsuk-icon{height:34px;width:34px}.nhsuk-icon__chevron-right,.nhsuk-icon__close,.nhsuk-icon__search{fill:#005eb8}.nhsuk-icon__arrow-right-circle{fill:#007f3b}ol,ul{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:16px;list-style-type:none;margin-top:0;padding-left:0}@media (min-width:40.0625em){ol,ul{font-size:19px;font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.47368}}@media (min-width:40.0625em){ol,ul{margin-bottom:24px}}ol>li,ul>li{margin-bottom:8px}@media (min-width:40.0625em){ol>li,ul>li{margin-bottom:8px}}ol>li:last-child,ul>li:last-child{margin-bottom:0}ul{list-style-type:disc;padding-left:20px}ol{list-style-type:decimal;padding-left:20px}h1{font-size:32px;font-size:2rem;line-height:1.25;display:block;font-weight:600;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:40px}@media (min-width:40.0625em){h1{font-size:48px;font-size:3rem;line-height:1.16667}}@media (min-width:40.0625em){h1{margin-bottom:48px}}.nhsuk-body-l{font-size:20px;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.4;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:24px}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-body-l{font-size:24px;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.33333}}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-body-l{margin-bottom:32px}}p{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:16px}@media (min-width:40.0625em){p{font-size:19px;font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.47368}}@media (min-width:40.0625em){p{margin-bottom:24px}}p{color:inherit}strong{font-weight:600}.nhsuk-u-margin-bottom-0{margin-bottom:0!important}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-u-margin-bottom-0{margin-bottom:0!important}}.nhsuk-u-margin-bottom-3{margin-bottom:8px!important}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-u-margin-bottom-3{margin-bottom:16px!important}}.nhsuk-u-visually-hidden{-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:0;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}.nhsuk-action-link{margin-bottom:32px}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-action-link{margin-bottom:40px}}.nhsuk-action-link__link{font-weight:400;font-size:18px;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.55556;display:inline-block;font-weight:600;padding-left:38px;position:relative;text-decoration:none}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-action-link__link{font-size:22px;font-size:1.375rem;line-height:1.45455}}@media (max-width:40.0525em){.nhsuk-action-link__link{padding-left:26px}}.nhsuk-breadcrumb{background-color:#fff;padding-bottom:12px;padding-top:12px}.nhsuk-breadcrumb__list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}@media (max-width:40.0525em){.nhsuk-breadcrumb__list{display:none}}.nhsuk-breadcrumb__item{font-weight:400;font-size:14px;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.71429;background:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg class='nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__chevron-right' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23aeb7bd' height='18' width='18' viewBox='0 0 24 24' aria-hidden='true'%3E%3Cpath d='M15.5 12a1 1 0 01-.29.71l-5 5a1 1 0 01-1.42-1.42l4.3-4.29-4.3-4.29a1 1 0 011.42-1.42l5 5a1 1 0 01.29.71z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") right -1px top 4px no-repeat;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:0;padding-left:3px;padding-right:27px}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-breadcrumb__item{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5}}.nhsuk-breadcrumb__item:first-child{padding-left:0}.nhsuk-breadcrumb__item:last-child{background:none}.nhsuk-breadcrumb__back{font-weight:400;font-size:14px;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.71429;background:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg class='nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__chevron-left' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23005eb8' height='24' width='24' aria-hidden='true'%3E%3Cpath d='M8.5 12c0-.3.1-.5.3-.7l5-5c.4-.4 1-.4 1.4 0s.4 1 0 1.4L10.9 12l4.3 4.3c.4.4.4 1 0 1.4s-1 .4-1.4 0l-5-5c-.2-.2-.3-.4-.3-.7z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") -8px no-repeat;margin:0;padding-left:24px}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-breadcrumb__back{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5}}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-breadcrumb__back{display:none}}.nhsuk-breadcrumb__backlink{left:-8px;position:relative}.nhsuk-breadcrumb__backlink:visited{color:#005eb8}button{font-weight:400;font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:28px;-webkit-appearance:none;background-color:#007f3b;border:2px solid transparent;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 4px 0 #00401e;box-sizing:border-box;color:#fff;display:inline-block;font-weight:600;margin-top:0;padding:12px 16px;position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;width:auto}@media (min-width:40.0625em){button{font-size:19px;font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.47368}}@media (min-width:40.0625em){button{margin-bottom:36px}}@media (max-width:40.0525em){button{padding:8px 16px}}button:visited{color:#fff;text-decoration:none}button::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}button:before{background:transparent;bottom:-6px;content:"";display:block;left:-2px;position:absolute;right:-2px;top:-2px}.nhsuk-footer{padding-bottom:24px;padding-top:24px;background-color:#d8dde0;border-top:4px solid #005eb8}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-footer{padding-bottom:32px;padding-top:32px}}.nhsuk-footer__list{padding-bottom:16px;list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding-left:0}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-footer__list{padding-bottom:24px}}@media (min-width:48.0625em){.nhsuk-footer__list{float:left;padding-bottom:0;width:75%}}.nhsuk-footer__list-item{font-weight:400;font-size:14px;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.71429}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-footer__list-item{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5}}@media (min-width:48.0625em){.nhsuk-footer__list-item{float:left;margin-right:32px}}.nhsuk-footer__list-item-link{color:#4c6272}@media (min-width:48.0625em){.nhsuk-footer__list--three-columns{-moz-column-count:3;-moz-column-gap:24px;-webkit-column-count:3;-webkit-column-gap:24px;column-count:3;column-gap:24px}.nhsuk-footer__list--three-columns li{float:none}}.autocomplete-container{display:inline-block;z-index:1}@media (max-width:40.0525em){.autocomplete-container{display:inline;width:100%}}@media (max-width:40.0525em){.autocomplete__input{-ms-flex-positive:2;-webkit-appearance:listbox;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:0;border:1px solid #aeb7bd;border-right:0;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:0;flex-grow:2;font-size:inherit;height:52px;margin:0;outline:none;padding:0 16px;width:100%}}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.autocomplete__input{-webkit-appearance:listbox;border:1px solid #fff;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:0;border-right:0;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:0;font-size:16px;height:40px;padding:0 12px;width:200px}}@media (min-width:48.0625em){.autocomplete__input{width:235px}}.nhsuk-header{background-color:#005eb8}.nhsuk-header:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}.nhsuk-header__container{padding:20px 0}.nhsuk-header__container:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}@media (max-width:40.0525em){.nhsuk-header__container{padding:16px}}.nhsuk-header__logo{float:left}.nhsuk-header__logo .nhsuk-logo__background{fill:#fff}.nhsuk-header__logo .nhsuk-logo__text{fill:#005eb8}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-header__logo{padding-left:0}}.nhsuk-header__logo .nhsuk-logo{height:40px;width:100px;border:0}@media (max-width:48.0525em){.nhsuk-header__logo{max-width:60%}}@media (max-width:450px){.nhsuk-header__logo{max-width:50%}}.nhsuk-header__link{height:40px;width:100px;display:block}.nhsuk-header__content{position:relative}.nhsuk-header__content:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-header__content{float:right}}.nhsuk-header__search{position:relative;text-align:right}.nhsuk-header__search:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-header__search{float:left;margin-left:8px}}.nhsuk-header__search-toggle{background-color:transparent;border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:4px;color:#fff;min-height:40px;padding:4px 8px 0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.nhsuk-header__search-toggle::-moz-focus-inner{border:0}.nhsuk-header__search-toggle .nhsuk-icon__search{fill:#fff;height:21px;width:21px}.nhsuk-header__search-form{height:100%;overflow:visible}@media (max-width:40.0525em){.nhsuk-header__container{margin:0}.nhsuk-header__logo{position:relative;z-index:1}.nhsuk-header__search-wrap{display:none}.nhsuk-header__search-form{background-color:#fff;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding:16px;width:100%}.nhsuk-search__input{-ms-flex-positive:2;-webkit-appearance:listbox;background-color:#fff!important;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:0;border:1px solid #aeb7bd;border-right:0;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:0;flex-grow:2;font-size:inherit;height:52px;margin:0;outline:none;padding:0 16px;width:100%}.nhsuk-search__submit{background-color:#007f3b;border:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;border-top-left-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:4px;float:right;font-size:inherit;height:52px;line-height:inherit;margin:0;outline:none;padding:8px 8px 0}.nhsuk-search__submit .nhsuk-icon__search{fill:#fff;height:38px;width:38px}.nhsuk-search__submit::-moz-focus-inner{border:0}.nhsuk-search__close{background-color:transparent;border:0;height:40px;padding:0;width:40px;margin-left:8px;margin-right:-8px;margin-top:8px}.nhsuk-search__close .nhsuk-icon__close{fill:#005eb8;height:40px;width:40px}.nhsuk-search__close::-moz-focus-inner{border:0}}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-header__search-wrap{display:block;line-height:0}.nhsuk-header__search-toggle{display:none}.nhsuk-search__input{-webkit-appearance:listbox;background-color:#fff!important;border:1px solid #fff;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:0;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:0;display:block;float:left;font-size:16px;height:40px;padding:0 12px;width:200px}.nhsuk-search__submit{background-color:#f0f4f5;border:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;border-top-left-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:4px;display:block;float:right;font-size:inherit;height:40px;line-height:inherit;outline:none;width:44px}.nhsuk-search__submit .nhsuk-icon__search{height:27px;width:27px}.nhsuk-search__submit::-moz-focus-inner{border:0}.nhsuk-search__close{display:none}}@media (min-width:48.0625em){.nhsuk-search__input{width:235px}}.nhsuk-header__menu{float:right}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-header__menu{float:left}}.nhsuk-header__menu-toggle{background-color:transparent;border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:4px;color:#fff;display:block;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;line-height:24px;margin-right:0;padding:7px 16px;position:relative;text-decoration:none;z-index:1}.nhsuk-header__menu-toggle::-moz-focus-inner{border:0}@media (max-width:48.0525em){.nhsuk-header__menu-toggle{margin-right:0}}@media (max-width:40.0525em){.nhsuk-header__menu-toggle{right:48px}}@media (min-width:40.0625em) and (max-width:61.865em){.nhsuk-header__menu-toggle{margin-top:0}}.nhsuk-header__navigation{background-color:#fff;clear:both;display:none;overflow:hidden}.nhsuk-header__navigation-title{font-weight:600;margin-bottom:0;padding:16px;position:relative}.nhsuk-header__navigation-close{background-color:transparent;border:0;height:40px;padding:0;width:40px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:8px;top:8px;white-space:nowrap}.nhsuk-header__navigation-close .nhsuk-icon__close{fill:#005eb8;height:40px;width:40px}.nhsuk-header__navigation-close::-moz-focus-inner{border:0}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation ul,.nhsuk-header__navigation-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding-left:0}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation ul li,.nhsuk-header__navigation-item{border-top:1px solid #f0f4f5;margin-bottom:0;position:relative}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation ul li a,.nhsuk-header__navigation-link{font-weight:400;font-size:14px;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.71429;border-bottom:4px solid transparent;border-top:4px solid transparent;color:#005eb8;display:block;padding:12px 16px;text-decoration:none}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation ul li a,.nhsuk-header__navigation-link{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5}}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation ul li a .nhsuk-icon__chevron-right{fill:#aeb7bd;position:absolute;right:4px;top:11px}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation ul li a:visited{color:#005eb8}@media (min-width:61.875em){.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation ul li a:visited{color:#fff}}@media (min-width:61.875em){.nhsuk-header__menu-toggle,.nhsuk-header__navigation-title{display:none}.nhsuk-header__navigation{background-color:#005eb8;display:block;margin:0 auto;max-width:1024px}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation ul,.nhsuk-header__navigation-list{border-top:1px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.2);display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding:0;width:100%}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation ul li,.nhsuk-header__navigation-item{border-top:0;margin:0;text-align:center}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation ul li .nhsuk-icon__chevron-right{display:none}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation ul li a,.nhsuk-header__navigation-link{color:#fff;line-height:normal}}.nhsuk-header__transactional-service-name{float:left;padding-left:16px;padding-top:3px}@media (max-width:40.0525em){.nhsuk-header__transactional-service-name{padding-top:4px}}.nhsuk-header__transactional-service-name--link{color:#fff;font-weight:400;font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;text-decoration:none}.nhsuk-header__transactional-service-name--link:visited{color:#fff}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-header__transactional-service-name--link{font-size:19px;font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.47368}}.nhsuk-header--transactional .nhsuk-header__link{height:32px;width:80px;display:block}.nhsuk-header--transactional .nhsuk-logo{height:32px;width:80px}.nhsuk-header--transactional .nhsuk-header__transactional-service-name{float:left}.nhsuk-header__link--service{height:auto;margin-bottom:-4px;text-decoration:none;width:auto}@media (min-width:61.875em){.nhsuk-header__link--service{-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:flex;margin-bottom:0;width:auto}}.nhsuk-header__logo--only{max-width:100%}.nhsuk-header--organisation .nhsuk-header__link{height:auto;text-decoration:none;width:auto}.nhsuk-header--organisation .nhsuk-header__logo .nhsuk-logo{height:32px;width:80px}@media (max-width:450px){.nhsuk-header--organisation .nhsuk-header__logo .nhsuk-logo{height:24px;width:60px}}@media (max-width:375px){.nhsuk-header--organisation .nhsuk-header__logo .nhsuk-logo{height:20px;width:50px}}.nhsuk-organisation-name{color:#fff;display:block;font-size:22px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.2px;line-height:23px;margin-top:-2px}@media (max-width:450px){.nhsuk-organisation-name{font-size:17px;letter-spacing:.1px;line-height:17px}}@media (max-width:375px){.nhsuk-organisation-name{font-size:13px;line-height:13px}}.nhsuk-organisation-descriptor{color:#fff;display:block;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;line-height:21px}@media (max-width:450px){.nhsuk-organisation-descriptor{font-size:12px;line-height:18px}}@media (max-width:375px){.nhsuk-organisation-descriptor{font-size:10px;line-height:13px}}.nhsuk-header--white{background-color:#fff}.nhsuk-header--white .nhsuk-search__submit{background-color:#005eb8}.nhsuk-header--white .nhsuk-search__submit .nhsuk-icon__search{fill:#fff}.nhsuk-header--white .autocomplete__input{border:1px solid #aeb7bd}@media (max-width:40.0525em){.nhsuk-header--white .nhsuk-header__search-form{padding-top:0}}.nhsuk-hero{background-color:#005eb8;color:#fff;position:relative}.nhsuk-hero--image{background-position:100%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover}@media only screen{.nhsuk-hero--image{min-height:200px}}@media only screen and (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-hero--image{min-height:320px}.nhsuk-hero--image .nhsuk-hero__overlay{height:320px}}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active){.nhsuk-hero--image{min-height:0}}.nhsuk-hero--image .nhsuk-hero__overlay{background-color:rgba(0,47,92,.1)}@media only screen{.nhsuk-hero--image .nhsuk-hero__overlay{min-height:200px}}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active){.nhsuk-hero--image .nhsuk-hero__overlay{height:auto;min-height:0}}.nhsuk-hero--image-description .nhsuk-hero-content{background-color:#005eb8;color:#fff;margin-bottom:24px;padding:24px;position:relative;top:70px}.nhsuk-hero--image-description .nhsuk-hero-content .nhsuk-hero__arrow{bottom:-10px;display:block;height:20px;left:32px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;transform:rotate(45deg);width:20px}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-hero--image-description .nhsuk-hero-content .nhsuk-hero__arrow{left:46px}}.nhsuk-hero--image-description .nhsuk-hero-content .nhsuk-hero__arrow:after,.nhsuk-hero--image-description .nhsuk-hero-content .nhsuk-hero__arrow:before{border:32px solid #005eb8;content:"";display:block;height:0;position:absolute;top:0;transform:rotate(45deg);width:0}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active){.nhsuk-hero--image-description .nhsuk-hero-content .nhsuk-hero__arrow{display:none}}@media (min-width:23.4375em){.nhsuk-hero--image-description .nhsuk-hero-content{width:85%}}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-hero--image-description .nhsuk-hero-content{bottom:-48px;margin-bottom:0;max-width:35em;padding:32px 40px;position:absolute;top:auto}.nhsuk-hero--image-description .nhsuk-hero-content>:first-child{margin-top:0}.nhsuk-hero--image-description .nhsuk-hero-content>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active){.nhsuk-hero--image-description .nhsuk-hero-content{bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;min-height:0;padding:32px 0 0;position:relative;top:0}}input[type=search]{font-weight:400;font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;border:2px solid #4c6272;border-radius:0;box-sizing:border-box;height:40px;margin-top:0;padding:4px;width:100%}@media (min-width:40.0625em){input[type=search]{font-size:19px;font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.47368}}input[type=search]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,input[type=search]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{-webkit-appearance:none;margin:0}.nhsuk-select option:checked{background-color:#005eb8;color:#fff}.nhsuk-panel-group{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}#primary h1,#primary p{-ms-word-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word}.nhsuk-search__input#search-field{width:15rem}#cookie-notice{bottom:0;width:100%}.autocomplete__input{padding-right:0}.nhsuk-search__submit{margin-left:0}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-search__submit{padding:1px 6px}}@media (min-width:40.0525em){.nhsuk-header__search-wrap{display:inline-block}}.nhsuk-grid-row.nhsuk-width-restrict{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;background:#f0f4f5}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation{max-width:100%}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation ul{overflow:hidden}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation ul li a{height:100%}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__menu-toggle,.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation-close,.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__search-toggle,.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-search__close{box-shadow:none}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-search__input{border-radius:4px 0 0 4px;border:2px solid #768692;border-right:none}.nhsuk-header.nhsuk-header--white .nhsuk-header__search-wrap input[type=text]{border:2px solid #d8dde0}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__menu-toggle{margin-right:-nhsuk-spacing(1)}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-header{margin-top:0}}@media (max-width:769px){.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation{color:#212b32;background:#fff}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation .nhsuk-icon__close,.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__navigation ul li a{color:#005eb8}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-icon__search{fill:#fff}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__container{position:relative;min-height:110px}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__container .nhsuk-header__logo{position:relative;top:-10px}.nhsuk-header .nhsuk-header__container .nhsuk-header__logo+.nhsuk-header__transactional-service-name{position:absolute;top:50px}}@media (max-width:769px){.nhsuk-header.nhsuk-header--transactional .nhsuk-header__logo{padding:10px 10px 10px 0}.nhsuk-header.nhsuk-header--transactional .nhsuk-header__transactional-service-name{padding:10px 10px 22px 0}}.nhsuk-header__container{padding-bottom:16px;min-height:80px}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-header--transactional .nhsuk-header__search{height:1rem}}.nhsuk-header--transactional .nhsuk-header__link{width:auto;display:inline-block;text-decoration:none}.nhsuk-search__close{margin-bottom:0}button#toggle-search{font-size:13.3333px}.nhsuk-search__submit{box-shadow:none;color:#005eb8}.nhsuk-header__search-form .nhsuk-u-visually-hidden{background:#fff;color:#000}.nhsuk-grid-column-full{padding:0}.nhsuk-grid-column-one-third{flex-flow:wrap}.nhsuk-breadcrumb .nhsuk-width-container .nhsuk-breadcrumb__list{margin:0 16px 0 0}.nhsuk-grid-column-full{clear:both}.nhsuk-icon__arrow-right-circle{vertical-align:middle}button{margin:0}#secondary section{border-top:2px solid #005eb8;margin-bottom:32px;padding-top:16px;padding-bottom:16px}.nhsuk-global-alert{background-color:#ffeb3b;padding-bottom:24px;padding-top:24px}.nhsuk-hero__overlay{margin-bottom:50px}.nhsuk-hero__overlay .nhsuk-grid-column-two-thirds{padding:0}.wp-block-nhsblocks-heroblock{left:50%;margin-left:-50vw;margin-right:-50vw;max-width:100vw;position:relative;right:50%;width:100vw}.nhsuk-panel{margin-bottom:40px;margin-top:40px;padding:24px;background-color:#fff;color:#212b32;width:100%}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-panel{margin-bottom:48px;margin-top:48px;padding:32px}}.nhsuk-panel-with-label{margin-bottom:40px;margin-top:40px;padding:24px;background-color:#fff;color:#212b32;border:1px solid #d8dde0;padding-top:0!important}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-panel-with-label{margin-bottom:48px;margin-top:48px;padding:32px}}.nhsuk-panel-with-label__label{font-size:20px;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.4;background-color:#005eb8;color:#fff;display:inline-block;margin:0 0 8px -33px;padding:8px 32px;position:relative;top:-16px}@media (min-width:40.0625em){.nhsuk-panel-with-label__label{font-size:24px;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.33333}}@media (max-width:40.0525em){.nhsuk-panel-with-label__label{margin-left:-25px;margin-right:0;padding:8px 24px;top:-8px}}.nhsuk-panel-group{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:32px}@media (max-width:48.0525em){.nhsuk-panel-group{margin-bottom:24px}}.nhsuk-panel-with-label{width:100%}#cookie-notice{position:fixed;min-width:100%;height:auto;z-index:100000;letter-spacing:0;left:0;text-align:center;border-top:4px solid #003087;font-weight:400;padding:0}</style>  <title>NHS Knowledge and Library Hub - Knowledge and Library Services</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://library.nhs.uk/knowledgehub/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="NHS Knowledge and Library Hub - Knowledge and Library Services" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://library.nhs.uk/knowledgehub/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Knowledge and Library Services" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-04-07T08:26:30+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/04/higherres-screenshot-nhsCROPPED-400x42-1.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="400" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="42" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Estimated reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="2 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://library.nhs.uk/knowledgehub/","url":"https://library.nhs.uk/knowledgehub/","name":"NHS Knowledge and Library Hub - Knowledge and Library Services","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://library.nhs.uk/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://library.nhs.uk/knowledgehub/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://library.nhs.uk/knowledgehub/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/04/higherres-screenshot-nhsCROPPED-400x42-1.png","datePublished":"2021-08-17T15:50:06+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-07T08:26:30+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://library.nhs.uk/knowledgehub/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://library.nhs.uk/knowledgehub/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https://library.nhs.uk/knowledgehub/#primaryimage","url":"https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/04/higherres-screenshot-nhsCROPPED-400x42-1.png","contentUrl":"https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/04/higherres-screenshot-nhsCROPPED-400x42-1.png","width":400,"height":42,"caption":"Click to search the Knowledge and Library Hub"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://library.nhs.uk/knowledgehub/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://library.nhs.uk/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"NHS Knowledge and Library Hub"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://library.nhs.uk/#website","url":"https://library.nhs.uk/","name":"Knowledge and Library Services","description":"Library and knowledge services for the NHS","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://library.nhs.uk/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"}]}</script>  <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Knowledge and Library Services » Feed" href="https://library.nhs.uk/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Knowledge and Library Services » Comments Feed" href="https://library.nhs.uk/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/calendar" title="Knowledge and Library Services » iCal Feed" href="https://library.nhs.uk/events/?ical=1" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/library.nhs.uk\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://library.nhs.uk/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.2' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-right{border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-center{border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-plain{border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--nhs-blue: #005eb8;--wp--preset--color--nhs-dark-blue: #003087;--wp--preset--color--nhs-bright-blue: #0072ce;--wp--preset--color--nhs-light-blue: #41b6e6;--wp--preset--color--nhs-mid-grey: #768692;--wp--preset--color--nhs-light-grey: #e8edee;--wp--preset--color--nhs-purple: #330072;--wp--preset--color--nhs-pink: #ae2573;--wp--preset--color--nhs-light-purple: #704c9c;--wp--preset--color--nhs-light-green: #78be20;--wp--preset--color--nhs-dark-green: #006747;--wp--preset--color--nhs-aqua-green: #00a499;--wp--preset--color--nhs-black: #231f20;--wp--preset--color--emergency-red: #da291c;--wp--preset--color--nhs-yellow: #fae100;--wp--preset--color--nhs-warm-yellow: #ffb81c;--wp--preset--color--nhs-grey-dark: #425563;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-notice-front-css' href='https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/css/front.min.css?ver=2.5.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='nightingale-style-css' href='https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/themes/nightingale/style.min.css?ver=20202704' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='nightingale-page-colours-css' href='https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/themes/nightingale/page-colours.min.css?ver=20202704' media='all' /> <script src="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script id="cookie-notice-front-js-before"> var cnArgs = {"ajaxUrl":"https:\/\/library.nhs.uk\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"2570f7ddcc","hideEffect":"fade","position":"bottom","onScroll":false,"onScrollOffset":100,"onClick":false,"cookieName":"cookie_notice_accepted","cookieTime":2592000,"cookieTimeRejected":2592000,"globalCookie":false,"redirection":false,"cache":false,"revokeCookies":false,"revokeCookiesOpt":"automatic"}; </script> <script src="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/js/front.min.js?ver=2.5.4" id="cookie-notice-front-js"></script> <script src="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/themes/nightingale/js/custom.js?ver=1.0" id="custom_search_field-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/4756" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://library.nhs.uk/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.6.2" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://library.nhs.uk/?p=4756' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.nhs.uk%2Fknowledgehub%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.nhs.uk%2Fknowledgehub%2F&format=xml" /> <meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://library.nhs.uk"><link rel="alternate" href="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/" />   <script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer type="text/javascript"> var dataLayer_content = {"pagePostType":"page","pagePostType2":"single-page","pagePostAuthor":"ncudden"}; dataLayer.push( dataLayer_content ); </script> <script data-cfasync="false"> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-TKVLTBD'); </script> <link rel="icon" href="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/12/cropped-NHS-logo-32x32.jpg" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/12/cropped-NHS-logo-192x192.jpg" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/12/cropped-NHS-logo-180x180.jpg" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/12/cropped-NHS-logo-270x270.jpg" /> <style id="wp-custom-css"> @media screen and (min-width: 900px) { .home #primary{margin: 0 -1px;} #primary{margin: 0 7px;} } .wp-block-nhsblocks-onethird .wp-block-nhsblocks-promo1{width: 300px} .wp-block-nhsblocks-onehalf .wp-block-nhsblocks-promo1{max-width: 470px } .wp-block-columns .wp-block-nhsblocks-promo1{max-width: 470px ! important} .nhsuk-grid-column-one-half, .nhsuk-grid-column-one-quarter, .nhsuk-grid-column-one-third, .tribe-common .nhsuk-promo-group div.nhsuk-grid-column-one-half, .tribe-common .nhsuk-promo-group div.nhsuk-grid-column-one-third, .tribe-common div.nhsuk-grid-column-one-third, .wp-block-nhsblocks-rowgroup .nhsuk-panel-group .nhsuk-promo { display: block ; } #eds_searchbox_holder{ background-color: #f8f9fa; border-radius: 15px; width: 600px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 50px; } #eds_searchbox_holder { font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5px; } #eds_searchbox_text { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } #eds_searchbox_logo { width: 80%; max-width: 400px; min-width: 120px; } #eds_searchbox_search { margin-left: 2px; } #eds_searchbox_slogan { color: #a55180; font-weight: bold; } #eds_searchbox_button { background-color: rgb(165, 81, 128); border-bottom-color: rgb(174, 37, 115); border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(174, 37, 115); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20.25px; font-weight: 600; height: 42px; margin: 2px 1px 1px 2px; padding: 5px; text-align: center; width: 105.375px; word-spacing: 0px; writing-mode: horizontal-tb; box-shadow: none !important; } #eds_searchbox_box { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(163, 163, 163); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); cursor: auto; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: 42px; line-height: 16px; margin: 2px 0px 4px 2px; max-width: 100%; padding: 6px 28px 6px 15px; width: 450px; word-spacing: 0px; writing-mode: horizontal-tb; } .eds_searchbox_button_100{ width: 100%; } @media only screen and (max-width: 425px) { #eds_searchbox_logo { width: 90%; } #eds_searchbox_holder{ width: 90%; padding: 5%; } #eds_searchbox_box { width: 100%; } #eds_searchbox_button { width: 100%; } #eds_searchbox_text { margin-bottom: 1em; } #eds_searchbox_search { display: none; } #eds_searchbox_slogan { font-weight: normal; } } footer {padding-bottom: 150px;} .wp-block-image img:hover{border: 1px solid #000;} .nhsuk-header__search-wrap input{background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #005EB8 ! important;} .nhsuk-header__search-wrap input:focus{ box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #ffeb3b ! important } #cn-close-notice:focus,#cn-close-notice:focus-visible, #cn-close-notice:hover{border: 1px solid #000000; width: 30px; height: 40px; } .entry-content a:focus{color: #000 ! important} </style> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <meta name="description" content=""> <title>Creating a new NHS England</title> <link href="https://www.nhs.uk/" rel="preconnect"> <link href="https://assets.nhs.uk/" rel="preconnect" crossorigin> <link type="font/woff2" href="https://assets.nhs.uk/fonts/FrutigerLTW01-55Roman.woff2" rel="preload" as="font" crossorigin> <link type="font/woff2" href="https://assets.nhs.uk/fonts/FrutigerLTW01-65Bold.woff2" rel="preload" as="font" crossorigin> <link href="https://health-education-england.github.io/hee-prototypes/css/nhsuk-4.1.0.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="https://health-education-england.github.io/hee-prototypes//css/hee.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://health-education-england.github.io/hee-prototypes/favicons/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://health-education-england.github.io/hee-prototypes/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://health-education-england.github.io/hee-prototypes/favicons/favicon.svg" color="#005eb8"> <link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="https://health-education-england.github.io/hee-prototypes/favicons/favicon-192x192.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://health-education-england.github.io/hee-prototypes/favicons/mediumtile-144x144.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#005eb8"> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="https://health-education-england.github.io/hee-prototypes/favicons/smalltile-70x70.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="https://health-education-england.github.io/hee-prototypes/favicons/mediumtile-150x150.png"> <meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="https://health-education-england.github.io/hee-prototypes/favicons/widetile-310x150.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="https://health-education-england.github.io/hee-prototypes/favicons/largetile-310x310.png"> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Bitter|Istok+Web" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://health-education-england.github.io/hee-global-header/widgets/global-menu/nhse-global-menu.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <style> body { margin: 0; } .container { margin: 0 auto; max-width: 960px; padding: 8px 0; } .nhse-global-menu-descriptor a{ text-decoration: none; } .nhse-global-menu-descriptor a:hover{text-decoration: underline;} @media screen and (max-width: 1200px) { .nhsuk-header.nhsuk-header--organisation .container{padding-left: 20px;} } </style> </head> <body class="page-template page-template-full-width-page page-template-full-width-page-php page page-id-4756 page-parent wp-embed-responsive js-enabled cookies-not-set tribe-no-js page-header-default website-4">   <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-TKVLTBD" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" aria-hidden="true"></iframe></noscript> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header class="nhsuk-header nhsuk-header--organisation"> <div data-container-width="small" data-theme="blue" class="nhse-global-menu" id="nhse-global-menu"> <div class="nhse-global-menu__wrapper"> <div class="nhsuk-width-container nhse-global-menu__container"> <a aria-label="Visit NHS England website" class="nhse-global-menu__logo" href="https://england.nhs.uk" title="NHS England"> <div class="nhse-global-menu__logo__img"></div> <span class="nhse-global-menu__logo__name">England</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nhsuk-header nhsuk-header--organisation nhsuk-header--white" role="banner"> <div class="container"> <div class="nhse-global-menu-descriptor"><a href="https://www.hee.nhs.uk/" target="_blank" style="color: #000000"> Workforce, training and education </a></div> <a class="nhsuk-header__link" href="https://library.nhs.uk" aria-label="Knowledge and Library Services"> <span class="nhsuk-organisation-descriptor">Knowledge and Library Services</span> </a> <div class="nhsuk-width-container nhsuk-header__container"> <div class="nhsuk-header__content" id="content-header"> <div class="nhsuk-header__menu "> <button class="nhsuk-header__menu-toggle" id="toggle-menu" aria-controls="header-navigation" aria-label="Open menu">Menu </button> </div> <div class="nhsuk-header__search"> <button class="nhsuk-header__search-toggle" id=toggle-search aria-controls="search" aria-label="Open search" aria-expanded="false"> <svg class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__search" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path d="M19.71 18.29l-4.11-4.1a7 7 0 1 0-1.41 1.41l4.1 4.11a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 0 1 1 0 0 0 0-1.42zM5 10a5 5 0 1 1 5 5 5 5 0 0 1-5-5z"></path> </svg> <span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Search</span> </button> <div class="nhsuk-header__search-wrap" id=wrap-search> <form class="nhsuk-header__search-form" id=search action="/" method="get" role="search"> <label class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden" for="search-field">Search this website</label> <div class="autocomplete-container" id=autocomplete-container></div> <input class="nhsuk-search__input" id="search-field" name="s" type="search" placeholder="Search" autocomplete="off"> <button class="nhsuk-search__submit" type="submit"> <svg class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__search" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path d="M19.71 18.29l-4.11-4.1a7 7 0 1 0-1.41 1.41l4.1 4.11a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 0 1 1 0 0 0 0-1.42zM5 10a5 5 0 1 1 5 5 5 5 0 0 1-5-5z"></path> </svg> <span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Search</span> </button> <button class="nhsuk-search__close" id=close-search> <svg class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__close" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path d="M13.41 12l5.3-5.29a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42L12 10.59l-5.29-5.3a1 1 0 0 0-1.42 1.42l5.3 5.29-5.3 5.29a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42 1 1 0 0 0 1.42 0l5.29-5.3 5.29 5.3a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 0 1 1 0 0 0 0-1.42z"></path> </svg> <span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Close Search</span> </button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="nhsuk-header__navigation" id="header-navigation" role="navigation" aria-label="Primary navigation" aria-labelledby="label-navigation"> <div class="nhsuk-width-container"> <p class="nhsuk-header__navigation-title"><span id="label-navigation">Menu</span> <button class="nhsuk-header__navigation-close" id="close-menu"> <svg class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__close" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path d="M13.41 12l5.3-5.29a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42L12 10.59l-5.29-5.3a1 1 0 0 0-1.42 1.42l5.3 5.29-5.3 5.29a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42 1 1 0 0 0 1.42 0l5.29-5.3 5.29 5.3a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 0 1 1 0 0 0 0-1.42z"></path> </svg> <span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Close Menu</span> </button> </p> <ul id="menu-menu-top-menu" class="nhsuk-header__navigation-list"><li id="menu-item-5447" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item menu-item-5447"><a href="https://library.nhs.uk/knowledgehub/" aria-current="page">Knowledge & Library Hub<svg class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__chevron-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M15.5 12a1 1 0 0 1-.29.71l-5 5a1 1 0 0 1-1.42-1.42l4.3-4.29-4.3-4.29a1 1 0 0 1 1.42-1.42l5 5a1 1 0 0 1 .29.71z"></path> </svg></a></li> <li id="menu-item-7091" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7091"><a href="https://library.nhs.uk/staff-student-and-trainees/">Staff, students & trainees<svg class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__chevron-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M15.5 12a1 1 0 0 1-.29.71l-5 5a1 1 0 0 1-1.42-1.42l4.3-4.29-4.3-4.29a1 1 0 0 1 1.42-1.42l5 5a1 1 0 0 1 .29.71z"></path> </svg></a></li> <li id="menu-item-6879" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6879"><a href="https://library.nhs.uk/health-information/">Health information<svg class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__chevron-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M15.5 12a1 1 0 0 1-.29.71l-5 5a1 1 0 0 1-1.42-1.42l4.3-4.29-4.3-4.29a1 1 0 0 1 1.42-1.42l5 5a1 1 0 0 1 .29.71z"></path> </svg></a></li> <li id="menu-item-7799" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7799"><a href="https://library.nhs.uk/employer-leaders/">Employers & Leaders<svg class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__chevron-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M15.5 12a1 1 0 0 1-.29.71l-5 5a1 1 0 0 1-1.42-1.42l4.3-4.29-4.3-4.29a1 1 0 0 1 1.42-1.42l5 5a1 1 0 0 1 .29.71z"></path> </svg></a></li> <li id="menu-item-3415" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3415"><a href="https://library.nhs.uk/our-work/">Our work<svg class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__chevron-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M15.5 12a1 1 0 0 1-.29.71l-5 5a1 1 0 0 1-1.42-1.42l4.3-4.29-4.3-4.29a1 1 0 0 1 1.42-1.42l5 5a1 1 0 0 1 .29.71z"></path> </svg></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> </header> <nav class="nhsuk-breadcrumb" aria-label="Breadcrumb"><div class="nhsuk-width-container"><ol class="nhsuk-breadcrumb__list"><li class="nhsuk-breadcrumb__item"><a href="https://library.nhs.uk">Home</a></li><li class="nhsuk-breadcrumb__item current">NHS Knowledge and Library Hub</li></ol> <p class="nhsuk-breadcrumb__back"><a class="nhsuk-breadcrumb__backlink" href="https://library.nhs.uk"> Back to Home</a></p></div></nav> <div id="content" class="nhsuk-width-container-full"> <main class="nhsuk-main-wrapper nhsuk-main-wrapper--no-padding page-style--inherit-site-wide-colour-settings" id="maincontent"> <div id="contentinner" class="nhsuk-width-container"> <div id="primary" class=" nhsuk-grid-row nhsuk-width-restrict"> <div class="nhsuk-grid-column-full full-width"> <article id="post-4756" class="post-4756 page type-page status-publish hentry"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">NHS Knowledge and Library Hub</h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-panel1 nhsuk-panel is-style-panel-with-label"><h3><a href="https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=guest&custid=ns124040&groupid=main&profile=hee_eds">Start your search</a></h3><div class="paneltext"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-style-default"><a href="https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=guest&custid=ns124040&groupid=main&profile=hee_eds"><img decoding="async" width="400" height="42" src="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/04/higherres-screenshot-nhsCROPPED-400x42-1.png" alt="Click to search the Knowledge and Library Hub" class="wp-image-7229" title="Click to search the Knowledge and Library Hub" srcset="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/04/higherres-screenshot-nhsCROPPED-400x42-1.png 400w, https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/04/higherres-screenshot-nhsCROPPED-400x42-1-300x32.png 300w, https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/04/higherres-screenshot-nhsCROPPED-400x42-1-150x16.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></a></figure> <p>The above image describes how to search the Knowledge and Library Hub. Please click on the above image you will be taken to the EBSCO website.</p> <p><strong>The <a href="https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=guest&custid=ns124040&groupid=main&profile=hee_eds" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NHS Knowledge and Library Hub</a> connects healthcare staff and learners to high quality, NHS-funded, knowledge and evidence resources in one place, using a single search. </strong> </p> <p>The ‘Hub’</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>includes all journal articles, e-books, guidelines and evidence summary tools provided nationally and by your local NHS library team</li> <li>provides seamless access to full text, as an immediate download or on request from an NHS library</li> <li>avoids the less-reliable sources you might find in a general web search.</li> </ul> <div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-panel1 nhsuk-panel is-style-panel-with-label"><h3>Where do I start?</h3><div class="paneltext"> <p>Your free <a href="https://openathens.nice.org.uk/"><strong>NHS OpenAthens account</strong></a> is your key to unlocking digital knowledge resources. If you need help to register or renew your account <a href="https://youtu.be/eOn-ic3IVOM">watch our short video</a>.</p> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-panel1 nhsuk-panel"><h3>Help and contact</h3><div class="paneltext"> <p>For help or to contact us about the hub or getting access, speak to <a href="https://hlisd.org">your local library team</a> or go to our <a href="https://knowledgehub.freshservice.com/support/home">support desk</a>!</p> </div></div> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe title="The NHS Knowledge and Library Hub" width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GgzCKKuHDkg?feature=oembed&enablejsapi=1&origin=https://library.nhs.uk" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div></figure> <div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-panel1 nhsuk-panel is-style-panel-with-label"><h3>Easier access to e-journals</h3><div class="paneltext"> <p>For seamless links, where you want them, install <a href="https://thirdiron.com/downloadnomad/">LibKey Nomad</a> on your PC or laptop. Choose your library (or type NHS England) and find your links in PubMed, Google Scholar and many other sites. Or use <a href="https://browzine.com/">BrowZine</a> to browse and read the journals you have access to. </p> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-panel1 nhsuk-panel is-style-panel-with-label"><h3> <strong>Need an in-depth search? </strong> </h3><div class="paneltext"> <p>The Hub is designed to support quick access to evidence (including rapid answers from <a href="https://www.bmj.com/company/nhse">BMJ Best Practice</a>). When you need to carry out a more thorough evidence search, such as a literature review, explore our <a href="https://library.nhs.uk/knowledgehub/resources-for-advanced-searching/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">resources for advanced searching</a>. Guidance and e-learning is available along with expert support from <a href="https://www.hlisd.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">your local NHS knowledge and library service</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-panel1 nhsuk-panel is-style-panel-with-label"><h3>FAQs</h3><div class="paneltext"> <p>For tips on how to use the Knowledge and Library Hub see our <a href="https://library.nhs.uk/nhs-knowledge-and-library-hub-faqs/">Frequently Asked Questions</a>.</p> </div></div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"></div> </div> <div class="nhsuk-content__clearfix"></div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <footer> <div class="nhsuk-footer" id="nhsuk-footer"> <div class="nhsuk-width-container"> <h2 class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Support links</h2> <ul class="nhsuk-footer__list nhsuk-footer__list--three-columns"> <li class="nhsuk-footer__list-item"><a class="nhsuk-footer__list-item-link" href="https://www.hee.nhs.uk/about/privacy-notice">Privacy Policy</a></li><li class="nhsuk-footer__list-item"><a class="nhsuk-footer__list-item-link" href="https://library.nhs.uk/accessibility-statement/">Accessibility Statement</a></li><li class="nhsuk-footer__list-item"><a class="nhsuk-footer__list-item-link" href="https://library.nhs.uk/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a></li><li class="nhsuk-footer__list-item"><a class="nhsuk-footer__list-item-link" href="https://library.nhs.uk/key-links/contact-us/">Contact us</a></li> </ul> <p class="nhsuk-footer__copyright"> © Copyright, NHS Knowledge and library services 2025</p> </div> </div> </footer> <script> const heroBlock = document.querySelector('.wp-block-nhsblocks-heroblock'); if ( ( heroBlock ) ) { matches = heroBlock.matches ? heroBlock.matches('.wp-block-nhsblocks-heroblock') : heroBlock.msMatchesSelector('.wp-block-nhsblocks-heroblock'); if ( matches === true ) { const mainContent = document.querySelector( '#maincontent' ); const contentInner = document.querySelector( '#contentinner' ); const wholeDoc = document.querySelector( 'body' ); const breadCrumb = document.querySelector( '.nhsuk-breadcrumb' ); const articleTitle = document.querySelector( '.entry-header' ); mainContent.insertBefore( heroBlock, contentInner ); articleTitle.style.display = 'none'; mainContent.style.paddingTop = '0'; heroBlock.style.marginBottom = '70px'; if ( breadCrumb ) { wholeDoc.removeChild( breadCrumb ); } } } // Page Link JS const careCardWarning = document.querySelector('.nhsuk-care-card.is-style-warning-callout'); if ( ( careCardWarning ) ) { const visuallyHidden = careCardWarning.querySelector('.nhsuk-u-visually-hidden'); jQuery(visuallyHidden).html('Warning advice: '); } const careCardUrgent = document.querySelector('.nhsuk-care-card.is-style-urgent'); if ( ( careCardUrgent ) ) { const visuallyHidden = careCardUrgent.querySelector('.nhsuk-u-visually-hidden'); jQuery(visuallyHidden).html('Urgent advice: '); } const careCardImmediate = document.querySelector('.nhsuk-care-card.is-style-immediate'); if ( ( careCardImmediate ) ) { const visuallyHidden = careCardImmediate.querySelector('.nhsuk-u-visually-hidden'); jQuery(visuallyHidden).html('Immediate action required: '); } ( function(){ let url = window.location.href.split(/[?#]/)[0]; let pageList = document.querySelectorAll('.nhsuk-contents-list li.nhsuk-contents-list__item'); for (var i = pageList.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { let nhsList = pageList[i]; let link = pageList[i].children[0].href; if( link === url ){ let txt = pageList[i].innerText; pageList[i].innerHTML = txt; } } })(); // Smooth scroll to link jQuery( document ).ready(function( $ ) { $('.js-scroll-to').on('click', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); let link = $(this).attr('href'); $('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: $( link ).offset().top - 50 }, 200); }); }); </script> <script> ( function ( body ) { 'use strict'; body.className = body.className.replace( /\btribe-no-js\b/, 'tribe-js' ); } )( document.body ); </script>  <script> /* <![CDATA[ */var tribe_l10n_datatables = {"aria":{"sort_ascending":": activate to sort column ascending","sort_descending":": activate to sort column descending"},"length_menu":"Show _MENU_ entries","empty_table":"No data available in table","info":"Showing _START_ to _END_ of _TOTAL_ entries","info_empty":"Showing 0 to 0 of 0 entries","info_filtered":"(filtered from _MAX_ total entries)","zero_records":"No matching records found","search":"Search:","all_selected_text":"All items on this page were selected. ","select_all_link":"Select all pages","clear_selection":"Clear Selection.","pagination":{"all":"All","next":"Next","previous":"Previous"},"select":{"rows":{"0":"","_":": Selected %d rows","1":": Selected 1 row"}},"datepicker":{"dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesMin":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Prev","currentText":"Today","closeText":"Done","today":"Today","clear":"Clear"}};/* ]]> */ </script><style id='core-block-supports-inline-css'> .wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3{flex-wrap:nowrap;} </style> <script src="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/plugins/duracelltomi-google-tag-manager/dist/js/gtm4wp-form-move-tracker.js?ver=1.20.3" id="gtm4wp-form-move-tracker-js"></script> <script src="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/themes/nightingale/js/skip-link-focus-fix.js?ver=20190828" id="nightingale-skip-link-focus-fix-js"></script> <script src="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/themes/nightingale/js/nhsuk.min.js?ver=20190828" id="nightingale-nhs-library-js"></script> <script src="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/themes/nightingale/js/navigation.js?ver=20190828" id="nightingale-navigation-js"></script> <script src="https://library.nhs.uk/wp-content/plugins/nightingale-companion/performance/js/instantpage.js?ver=02062020" id="instantpage-js"></script>  <div id="cookie-notice" role="dialog" class="cookie-notice-hidden cookie-revoke-hidden cn-position-bottom" aria-label="Cookie Notice" style="background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8);"><div class="cookie-notice-container" style="color: #fff"><span id="cn-notice-text" class="cn-text-container">We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it.</span><span id="cn-notice-buttons" class="cn-buttons-container"><a href="#" id="cn-accept-cookie" data-cookie-set="accept" class="cn-set-cookie cn-button cn-button-custom button" aria-label="Ok">Ok</a></span><span id="cn-close-notice" data-cookie-set="accept" class="cn-close-icon" title="No"></span></div> </div>  <script> const cookieBlock = document.querySelector('#cookie-notice'); if ( ( cookieBlock ) ) { matches = cookieBlock.matches ? cookieBlock.matches('#cookie-notice') : cookieBlock.msMatchesSelector('#cookie-notice'); if ( matches === true ) { const bodyWrapper = document.querySelector( 'body' ); const headerContent = document.querySelector( '.nhsuk-header' ); bodyWrapper.insertBefore( cookieBlock, headerContent ); } } </script></body> </html>