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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Archaeological research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Archaeological_research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Archaeological research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Archaeological_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Polish-Lebanese_archaeological_expedition_in_Jiyeh_(Porphyreon)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polish-Lebanese_archaeological_expedition_in_Jiyeh_(Porphyreon)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Polish-Lebanese archaeological expedition in Jiyeh (Porphyreon)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polish-Lebanese_archaeological_expedition_in_Jiyeh_(Porphyreon)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_Problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_Problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Environmental Problems</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environmental_Problems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Environmental Problems subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environmental_Problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jiyeh_Power_Station_Oil_Spill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jiyeh_Power_Station_Oil_Spill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Jiyeh Power Station Oil Spill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jiyeh_Power_Station_Oil_Spill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oil_pollution_from_ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oil_pollution_from_ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Oil pollution from ships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oil_pollution_from_ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jieh_Sub-districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jieh_Sub-districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Jieh Sub-districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jieh_Sub-districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography_-_archaeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography_-_archaeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Bibliography - archaeology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography_-_archaeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links_-_archaeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links_-_archaeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>External links - archaeology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links_-_archaeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jieh</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%81)" title="جية (الشوف) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جية (الشوف)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A9" title="الجیة – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الجیة" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiyeh" title="Jiyeh – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jiyeh" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%87" title="جيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieh" title="Jieh – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jieh" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieh" title="Jieh – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jieh" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-D%C5%BCijja" title="Al-Dżijja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Al-Dżijja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieh" title="Jieh – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jieh" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4119104#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jieh" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jieh&params=33_39_56.51_N_35_25_36.46_E_region:LB_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°39′56.51″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°25′36.46″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.6656972°N 35.4267944°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.6656972; 35.4267944</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" 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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Jieh" title="Special:EditPage/Jieh">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jieh%22">"Jieh"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jieh%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jieh%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jieh%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jieh%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jieh%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Mount Lebanon</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Jiyeh</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="ara">الجية <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jieh_Lebanon_IMG_20180518_172702016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jieh Panoramic May 2018"><img alt="Jieh Panoramic May 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Jieh_Lebanon_IMG_20180518_172702016.jpg/300px-Jieh_Lebanon_IMG_20180518_172702016.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Jieh_Lebanon_IMG_20180518_172702016.jpg/450px-Jieh_Lebanon_IMG_20180518_172702016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Jieh_Lebanon_IMG_20180518_172702016.jpg/600px-Jieh_Lebanon_IMG_20180518_172702016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2584" data-file-height="896" /></a><figcaption>Jieh Panoramic May 2018</figcaption></figure></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jieh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jieh coastline"><img alt="Jieh coastline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Jieh.jpg/250px-Jieh.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Jieh.jpg/375px-Jieh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Jieh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="307" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Jieh coastline</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lebanon_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the location of Jieh within Lebanon"><img alt="Map showing the location of Jieh within Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lebanon_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Lebanon_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lebanon_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Lebanon_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lebanon_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Lebanon_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.776%;left:29.847%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Jiyeh"><img alt="Map showing the location of Jieh within Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Jiyeh</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Lebanon</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jieh&params=33_39_56.51_N_35_25_36.46_E_region:LB_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°39′56.51″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°25′36.46″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.6656972°N 35.4267944°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.6656972; 35.4267944</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="Lebanon"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Lebanon" title="Governorates of Lebanon">Governorate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Governorate" title="Mount Lebanon Governorate">Mount Lebanon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Lebanon" title="Districts of Lebanon">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chouf_District" title="Chouf District">Chouf</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Dr George N Azzi</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 m (0 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Lebanon" title="Telephone numbers in Lebanon">Dialing code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+961</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jieh</b> (or Jiyé, Jiyeh, <a href="/wiki/Levantine_Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Levantine Arabic language">Levantine Arabic</a>: <span lang="apc" dir="rtl">الجية</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Levantine Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="apc-Latn">Žiye</i></span>) is a seaside town in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> with an estimated population of 5000<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Population"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieh#endnote_Population">[1]</a></sup>, 23 km south of <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Chouf_District" title="Chouf District">Chouf District</a> via a 20-minute drive along the Beirut to Sidon highway south of the capital. In <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> times, it was known as <b><a href="/wiki/Porphyreon" title="Porphyreon">Porphyreon</a></b> and was a thriving natural seaport, which still functions today. The town is also known for its seven-kilometre sandy beach, which is a rarity along Lebanon's rocky coastline. </p><p>The Biblical prophet <a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a> was said to have landed on its shores when he was spat out of the giant fish described in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, and a temple was built which stands until today.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Jonah"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieh#endnote_Jonah">[2]</a></sup> Many invaders passed through Porphyreon such as Tohomtmos the Egyptian who landed his soldiers on its natural seaport in order to fight the North. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> relaxed on its shore preparing for the attack on Tyre. St Peter and St Paul also walked through Jieh several times.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_theological"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieh#endnote_theological">[3]</a></sup> </p><p>In modern times Jieh took some of the harshest blows of the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a> that raged from 1975 to 1990. Being a coastal town made it vulnerable to the countless numbers of <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> raids on the area, as well as <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> army invasions during the 1980s, <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Israel"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieh#endnote_Israel">[4]</a></sup>, the worst being on January 20, 1976.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_anniversary"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieh#endnote_anniversary">[5]</a></sup> </p><p>During the war, the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party" title="Progressive Socialist Party">Progressive Socialist Party</a> controlled the seaport at Jieh. In March 1989, General <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a> established a blockade of the port, which resulted in artillery exchanges between his forces and a combination of PSP, <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Resistance_Regiments" title="Lebanese Resistance Regiments">Lebanese Resistance Regiments</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian Army</a> in Beirut and the <a href="/wiki/Chouf_District" title="Chouf District">Chouf</a>. At least 90 people were killed and several hundred wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jieh is being rebuilt, albeit at a slower pace than the nearby capital city of Beirut. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeological_site">Archaeological site</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Archaeological site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town houses some of Lebanon's finest archaeological ruins, some of them buried under modern buildings, others waiting to be dug up by excavators, and others having already been removed and placed in museums. Mosaics depicting the story of the Prophet <a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a> and the giant fish in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jonah" title="Book of Jonah">Book of Jonah</a> have been found in churches dug from underground over time<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Jonah"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieh#endnote_Jonah">[6]</a></sup>. Examples of these are the grand floor mosaics from the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> period, which were so big that trucks were needed to transport them to museums, as was the case with the fine collection owned by <a href="/wiki/Walid_Jumblatt" title="Walid Jumblatt">Walid Jumblatt</a>, a local politician, which is on display at his <a href="/wiki/Beiteddine_Palace_Museum" title="Beiteddine Palace Museum">Beiteddine Palace Museum</a>. </p><p>Jieh has recently been the scene of accidental excavations of a Byzantine-era Christian church and surrounding tombs which had been buried underground for centuries. Nothing is being done to protect them at the moment due to political hearings on the matters of the people versus the government - landlords' rights to preserve historical artifacts found on said property with viable direct ancestry value and or documentation. The people versus the government landlords' rights to preserve historical artifacts found on the said property which directly pertain to all local populous religious beliefs, practices, and or scriptures or text, all of which fall under the world preservation of historical and archaeological acts of 1971. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon">2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> gave enhanced protection to 34 cultural sites including the Jiyeh – Porphyreon archaeological site to safeguard it from <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_Lebanon" title="Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon">damage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeological_research">Archaeological research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Archaeological research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1914, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Contenau" title="Georges Contenau">Georges Contenau</a> located the <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a>, the residential quarter, and the necropolis. The first excavations on the site were carried out in 1975 by Roger Saidah from the <a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Antiquities" title="Directorate General of Antiquities">Directorate General of Antiquities</a>. They uncovered most of the domestic architecture from the Byzantine period. The outbreak of civil war in Lebanon interrupted the work.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mosaics found during these excavations are currently on display in the museum in Beiteddine. Since 2004, research in Jiyeh has been conducted by the Polish-Lebanese archaeological expedition from the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Centre_of_Mediterranean_Archaeology_University_of_Warsaw" title="Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw">Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw</a> headed by Prof. Tomasz Waliszewski.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polish-Lebanese_archaeological_expedition_in_Jiyeh_(Porphyreon)"><span id="Polish-Lebanese_archaeological_expedition_in_Jiyeh_.28Porphyreon.29"></span>Polish-Lebanese archaeological expedition in Jiyeh (Porphyreon)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Polish-Lebanese archaeological expedition in Jiyeh (Porphyreon)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The Polish-Lebanese Archaeological Mission from the PCMA UW conducts its research in cooperation with the DGA and the Faculty of Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Fine_Arts,_Warsaw" title="Academy of Fine Arts, Warsaw">Academy of Fine Arts, Warsaw</a>. In 2004, salvage excavations were conducted due to the construction of a hotel in the area of the necropolis. The team documented graves from the Roman and Byzantine periods, as well as large numbers of Hellenistic and Roman pottery vessels, both imported and locally produced.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the following years, work focused on the basilica and the residential quarter. Test pits in the basilica confirmed its use in the 5th century, although it could have been built earlier, i.e., in the 4th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 100 rooms dated to the Roman and Byzantine periods were excavated in the residential quarter.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Test pits dug in some of the houses revealed ancient layers, as well as earlier ones – from the Bronze and Iron Ages. </p><blockquote><p>Three main phases of the functioning of the domestic architecture were distinguished: </p><ol><li>Iron Age II (8th–7th century BC)</li> <li>Persian-Hellenistic-Roman period (5th century BC–2nd century AD)</li> <li>Late Antique period (4th–5th century AD) <sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> </blockquote><p>The analysis of finds, mainly coins and ceramics, suggests that the settlement was abandoned in the 7th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A pottery production center and remains of a wine production installation were discovered to the north of the residential quarter.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economy of the settlement could have been based on trade in locally-produced goods, such as olive oil, wine, pottery vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fishing was also practiced, as attested by the equipment discovered on the site: fishing hooks and net sinkers.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jieh_Byzantine1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Jieh_Byzantine1.jpg/220px-Jieh_Byzantine1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Jieh_Byzantine1.jpg/330px-Jieh_Byzantine1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Jieh_Byzantine1.jpg/440px-Jieh_Byzantine1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="348" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of Christian basilica</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jieh_Byzantine2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Jieh_Byzantine2.jpg/220px-Jieh_Byzantine2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Jieh_Byzantine2.jpg/330px-Jieh_Byzantine2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Jieh_Byzantine2.jpg/440px-Jieh_Byzantine2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="342" /></a><figcaption>The grave</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jieh_Byzantine3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jieh_Byzantine3.jpg/250px-Jieh_Byzantine3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jieh_Byzantine3.jpg/330px-Jieh_Byzantine3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jieh_Byzantine3.jpg/440px-Jieh_Byzantine3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="351" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of multicultural settlements</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Jieh" title="Special:EditPage/Jieh">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:03.En_Neby_Yunas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/03.En_Neby_Yunas.jpg/250px-03.En_Neby_Yunas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/03.En_Neby_Yunas.jpg/330px-03.En_Neby_Yunas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/03.En_Neby_Yunas.jpg/500px-03.En_Neby_Yunas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8874" data-file-height="6912" /></a><figcaption>En Neby Yunas, ca 1851, by <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Meredith_van_de_Velde" title="Charles William Meredith van de Velde">van de Velde</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Jieh is home to many religious groups, mostly <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Christianity_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite Christianity in Lebanon">Maronite Christians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a_Islam_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a Islam in Lebanon">Shia Muslims</a> with some <a href="/wiki/Melkite_Christianity_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkite Christianity in Lebanon">Melkites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Druze" title="Lebanese Druze">Druze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Islam in Lebanon">Sunni Muslims</a>. The Shiite Muslims of this area mainly occupy the high rise section of Nabi Younes (Prophet Jonah) located in the central western and southern parts of the town on the coast. While the northern and central eastern area is occupied by the Christian and Sunni populous in the section of St. George's and Our Lady of the Star's Cathedrals. The rebuilding of Jieh's two churches took effect a few years after the civil war ended during the construction boom. On the left below is Our Lady of the Star, Maronite Catholic Church whose construction finished in 2017, as well as the new St Georges Church featured to the right. </p><p>Many Christian families who fled the town of Jieh have sent money back to rebuild Our Lady of the Star, which is now completed and regularly hosts weddings and other religious events. The rebuilding of St George's has also begun. While the original mosque of the town built directly over the tomb of the Nabi Younes to safe-guard the tomb, built around a century ago by the El Hajj family (one of the predominant Shia families in the village) still lies in ruins due to a dispute between Shia and Sunni factions on the placement and erection of the new facility. This has caused strife between all the religious denominations in the region. More now than ever since Hezbollah stepped into the middle of the dispute and erected a Shia mosque without finding a common ground between both Muslim parties and the consent on placement of the facility with the Christian denominations in the area to confirm that the voluminous call to prayers would not be a hindrance upon their religious practices. </p><p>Jieh also hosts many resorts that take advantage of the 7km of sandy beaches as well as the towns close proximity to Beirut that allows for many people staying in Beirut to easily visit for the day. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jieh2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jieh Scenic View, 2003"><img alt="Jieh Scenic View, 2003" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Jieh2003.jpg/250px-Jieh2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Jieh2003.jpg/330px-Jieh2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Jieh2003.jpg/500px-Jieh2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jieh Scenic View, 2003</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OurLadyOfTheStar_jieh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Our Lady of the Star Maronite Catholic Church under construction, November 2006"><img alt="Our Lady of the Star Maronite Catholic Church under construction, November 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/OurLadyOfTheStar_jieh.jpg/220px-OurLadyOfTheStar_jieh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/OurLadyOfTheStar_jieh.jpg/330px-OurLadyOfTheStar_jieh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/OurLadyOfTheStar_jieh.jpg/440px-OurLadyOfTheStar_jieh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="403" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Our Lady of the Star Maronite Catholic Church under construction, November 2006</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OurLadyOfTheStar_jieh2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Our Lady of the Star Maronite Catholic Church"><img alt="Our Lady of the Star Maronite Catholic Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/OurLadyOfTheStar_jieh2.jpg/250px-OurLadyOfTheStar_jieh2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/OurLadyOfTheStar_jieh2.jpg/330px-OurLadyOfTheStar_jieh2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/OurLadyOfTheStar_jieh2.jpg/500px-OurLadyOfTheStar_jieh2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="403" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Our Lady of the Star Maronite Catholic Church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Georges_jieh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Georges Maronite Catholic Church under construction, Dec 2007"><img alt="St Georges Maronite Catholic Church under construction, Dec 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/30/St_Georges_jieh.jpg/220px-St_Georges_jieh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/30/St_Georges_jieh.jpg/330px-St_Georges_jieh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/30/St_Georges_jieh.jpg/440px-St_Georges_jieh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="442" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">St Georges Maronite Catholic Church under construction, Dec 2007</div> </li> </ul> <p>On the 28 October 2010, St George's Catholic Cemetery was the subject of an attack by graveyard vandals. An exhumed body in the lone casket of one of the tombs was removed, dragged out of its resting place and disfigured.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_St_Georges"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieh#endnote_St_Georges">[7]</a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jiehbeach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Jiehbeach.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="136" /></a><figcaption>Bamboo Bay</figcaption></figure> <p>Jieh's main tourist attraction is its 7 km sand strip hosting a set of clean sandy beaches. Close to Beirut and still clean to swim in, Jieh is a go-to destination for beach lovers who like the sand, the sun, and some waves away from the hustle and bustle of the city. The mainly privately owned beach resorts that occupy the beach front range in themes that cater for all classes of society, including women's only beaches.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Bamboo"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieh#endnote_Bamboo">[8]</a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jieh_-_Collegestcharbel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jieh_-_Collegestcharbel.jpg/250px-Jieh_-_Collegestcharbel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Jieh_-_Collegestcharbel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="146" /></a><figcaption>St Charbel College</figcaption></figure> <p>Jieh is a town that houses St Charbel College. The convent of Saint Charbel and the attached High School are run by the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Maronite_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese Maronite Order">Lebanese Maronite Order</a> of Monks. It was the direct result of repeated demands by the local residents and two decades of planning and negotiations. Construction was completed in 1965. The mission of this project was to provide education to students of different faiths from Jieh and neighboring villages in the Chouf district south of Beirut. The convent and school were lightly damaged during the 1975 war and then evacuated in 1985 when the Christian population of the town was forced out. This time the structure sustained heavy damages and for the next six years became a living quarter for Palestinian refugees. Renovations started in 1991 after generous contributions from charitable organizations, local politicians and residents. As soon as the work was completed, 600 students enrolled of whom only 18 were Christians. Today both the convent and the school are fully restored and became a center of culture and education for students from the southern suburbs of Beirut to Sidon. <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Education"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieh#endnote_Education">[9]</a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Power">Power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jieh is home to Lebanon's largest and oldest thermal power plant. Located on the southern tip of Jieh's border with neighbouring town Wadi El Zeina, this power station houses 5 units; the first two Toshiba units having been installed in 1970, while the three remaining turbines from the <a href="/wiki/Brown_Boveri_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown Boveri Company">Brown Boveri Company</a> in Switzerland were put into service later on between 1980 and 1981. The Toshiba units produce 65MW while the Brown Boveri Company (BBC) units each produce 72MW of electricity, totalling 346MW for the Jieh plant when at full capacity. Although this is only the second highest total capacity after Zouk from Lebanon's 7 thermal power plants, it must be commended for being the first and only one from during the 1970s and mid 1980s until the first unit at Zouk was put into service in 1984. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jieh_-_Powerplant_gas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jieh_-_Powerplant_gas.jpg/220px-Jieh_-_Powerplant_gas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jieh_-_Powerplant_gas.jpg/330px-Jieh_-_Powerplant_gas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jieh_-_Powerplant_gas.jpg/440px-Jieh_-_Powerplant_gas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Gas station, Power Plant and wharf in the distance</figcaption></figure> <p>The power station at Jieh was closed for a period after the Israeli invasion in 1982, and so technicians who came to repair the older Toshiba turbines were deterred away from the country due to kidnappings of foreigners and the raging of the civil war. Likewise, the three Brown Boveri turbines had managed to get some service from BBC's India technicians rather than from the Switzerland headquarters. This meant that only minor repairs could be done, and so the generators could not run at full capacity. In 1982, the Lebanese Pound fell by a factor of 600 and so Electricite du Liban, Lebanon's government owned power company, could not afford to buy spare parts from overseas for its power stations. Hundreds of communities and ghettos across the country also refused (and still refuse) to pay electricity bills that funded the maintenance. This, as well as significant electricity piracy, resulted in deteriorating conditions of the power plant at Jieh. </p><p>On 19 August 1997 the power station was hit by Israeli airstrikes. It was the culmination of a spike in violence which began the day before when two teenagers were killed by a roadside bomb near Jezzine. In response, 18 August, the <a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_Army" title="South Lebanon Army">South Lebanon Army</a> had shelled Sidon, killing seven people. This led to Hizbullah firing a barrage of rockets into northern Israel and hence the airstrike.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 July 1999 the Lebanese headquarters of the Cellis telephone company in Jeih was destroyed by an Israeli airstike. The strike was part of two extensive air raids on 24/25 July which left Beirut without electricity, five bridges on the Beirut to Sidon road destroyed, as well as a radio station in <a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a> demolished. Eight Lebanese were killed and an estimated $52 million damage caused. Two Israeli were killed by <a href="/wiki/Hizbullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hizbullah">Hizbullah</a> rockets in <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shimona" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiryat Shimona">Kiryat Shimona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jieh_power_station_fire.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Jieh_power_station_fire.JPG/250px-Jieh_power_station_fire.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Jieh_power_station_fire.JPG/330px-Jieh_power_station_fire.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Jieh_power_station_fire.JPG/500px-Jieh_power_station_fire.JPG 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>Smoke rising from the Jieh Power Station in the early hours of the morning straight after a missile attack on Friday July 14th, 2006.</figcaption></figure> <p>Foreign investment, however, helped revive the plant numerous times until presently, although today the main problem is the lack of adequate fuel supply from the government that is needed to run the plant. Recent deals with the <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Arab states of the Persian Gulf</a> have been sought to receive discounted fuel to ensure good supply to the power plants.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Power"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieh#endnote_Power">[10]</a></sup> According to current news articles, Jieh's power plant is undergoing extensive maintenance due to neighbouring Syria's recent cut of power supply to parts of Lebanon, meaning that the Jieh plant is on its way to full service again.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Power2"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieh#endnote_Power2">[11]</a></sup> </p><p>The July 2006 war between the Hezbollah and the Israeli Defence Forces resulted in the fuel stores at the power plant being bombed, leading to a catastrophic environmental disaster with crude <a href="/wiki/Oil_spill" title="Oil spill">oil spilling</a> into the sea. On Friday July 14 at around 3am, the Jieh power plant was struck by missiles from navy destroyers off the Lebanese coast aimed at one of its six fuel tanks. It was hit once more the next day when two bridges on the main highway in Jieh were also destroyed by missile attacks. Ongoing black smoke continued to rise from the plant for weeks after the attack as the nearby tankers exploded one after the other from the heat while the remaining tens of thousands of litres of <a href="/wiki/Jiyeh_power_station_oil_spill" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiyeh power station oil spill">oil spilled</a> endlessly into the Mediterranean sea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_Problems">Environmental Problems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Environmental Problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a result of crude violations of the environment directly by the council of <a href="/wiki/Barja" title="Barja">Barja</a> up in the nearby mountains, the Jieh coastline has been subject to the continual release of unclean water through the Barja to Jieh sewerage canal. This canal routinely dumps Barja's human faeces and other liquid waste into Jieh's coastal waters and directly affects tourism and the environment in this town. There have also recently been plans to build a landfill in Jiyyeh.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Pollution2"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieh#endnote_Pollution2">[12]</a></sup> This has met some hard opposition by some government ministers and angry locals who don't want their town being turned into a garbage dump, and so at the moment the solution to the problem is not quite clear. <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Pollution"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieh#endnote_Pollution">[13]</a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jiyeh_Power_Station_Oil_Spill">Jiyeh Power Station Oil Spill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Jiyeh Power Station Oil Spill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jiyeh_Power_Station_oil_spill" title="Jiyeh Power Station oil spill">Jiyeh Power Station oil spill</a></div> <p>The power station oil spill from a July 14-15th 2006 Israeli airstrike released over 16,000 tonnes of crude oil into the Mediterranean sea and threatened marine life along the coast of Lebanon, mainly from Jieh stretching as far north as Syria and Turkey. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oil_pollution_from_ships">Oil pollution from ships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Oil pollution from ships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>See <a href="/wiki/Marine_environmental_issues_in_Lebanon#Oil_pollution_from_ships" title="Marine environmental issues in Lebanon">Oil pollution from ships in Zouk Mikael</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jieh_Sub-districts">Jieh Sub-districts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Jieh Sub-districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jieh is divided locally into sub districts namely: <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar">Taht el Chir</i></span>, Beit Madi, Beit Chahine, Haret el Kaneese, Qassouba, Nabi Younes, El Sahl & Maqsabe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Population"><b><a href="#ref_Population">^</a></b></span> Azzi, C., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jiehonline.com/landfill.htm"><i>Technical Opinion On the proposed Landfill</i></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_theological"><b><a href="#ref_theological">^</a></b></span> Azzi, A., <i>Jieh Through history</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050829213307/http://atallah.org/modules.php?name=Content">Atallah Family Website</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Israel"><b><a href="#ref_Israel">^</a></b></span> United Nations General Assembly Security Council, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/d6cc1e848b9ee1b385256b72006b97ec?OpenDocument">Letter dated 5 January 1988 from the Permanent Representative of Lebanon to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_anniversary"><b><a href="#ref_anniversary">^</a></b></span> Jieh Online, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jiehonline.com/thirtyyears.htm">30 Year Anniversary</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Jonah"><b><a href="#ref_Jonah">^</a></b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchesforjesus.org/prophet_jonah.html">The story of the Prophet Jonah and the giant fish</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Archaeology"><b><a href="#ref_Archaeology">^</a></b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jiehonline.com/AsaratDec2004.htm">Pictures of Byzantine church excavations, Dec 2004</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Bamboo"><b><a href="#ref_Bamboo">^</a></b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080420202910/http://www.virtualebanon.com/bamboobay/">Bamboo Bay Jieh, 360° Panoramic View</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Pangaea"><b><a href="#ref_Pangaea">^</a></b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifpexpo.com/News_show_news.asp?id=1358">$8 million new resort near Beirut - 5/20/2005</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_education"><b><a href="#ref_education">^</a></b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintcharbeljieh.com">College St Charbel (French)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181110014447/http://saintcharbeljieh.com/">Archived</a> 2018-11-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Power"><b><a href="#ref_Power">^</a></b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060519022913/http://www.edl.gov.lb/AboutEDL.htm">Electricite du Liban information about Lebanon's power plants</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Power2"><b><a href="#ref_Power2">^</a></b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=3&article_id=73004">Lebanese ration power after Syria cuts off supplies</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_pollution2"><b><a href="#ref_pollution2">^</a></b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=2&article_id=73345">Daily Star Article: 'Lebanon will drown in solid waste'</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_pollution"><b><a href="#ref_pollution">^</a></b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050219041427/http://www.greenpeacemed.org.mt/27052001.html">Greenpeace "Right To Know" tour calls for a toxics use and release inventory on chemical-use by industries in Lebanon</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_St_Georges"><b><a href="#ref_St_Georges">^</a></b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArchiveDetails.aspx?ID=211981">Grave robbers raid cemetery in Jiyeh</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_International" title="Middle East International">Middle East International</a> No 346, 17 March 1989, Publishers <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Mayhew" title="Christopher Mayhew">Lord Mayhew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Walters" title="Dennis Walters">Dennis Walters MP</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jim_Muir" title="Jim Muir">Jim Muir</a> pp.6,7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Middle East International No 347, 31 March 1989; Jim Muir pp.3,4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20241231104017/https://www.unesco.org/en/culture/cultural-property-under-enhanced-protection-lebanon">"Cultural property under enhanced protection Lebanon"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/culture/cultural-property-under-enhanced-protection-lebanon">the original</a> on 2024-12-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cultural+property+under+enhanced+protection+Lebanon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fculture%2Fcultural-property-under-enhanced-protection-lebanon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJieh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20241227163437/https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/lebanon-34-cultural-properties-placed-under-enhanced-protection">"Lebanon: 34 cultural properties placed under enhanced protection"</a>. 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Michael Jansen p.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Middle East International No 603, 2 July 1999; Publisher <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Mayhew" title="Christopher Mayhew">Christopher Mayhew</a>; Michael Jansen, Beirut, pp.4-5; Reinoud Leenders, Beirut, pp.5&7</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120418163350/http://www.jieh.info/">Jieh Of</a> ficial website - www.jieh.gov.lb</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jiehonline.com">JiehOnline</a></li> <li>jieh official Facebook - <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Jieh/204587569609638?ref=hl">https://www.facebook.com/pages/Jieh/204587569609638?ref=hl</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051229052738/http://csrd.lau.edu.lb/Publications/StudentReports/Pollution%20in%20Lebanon.htm">Pollution in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usatradeonline.gov/miscfiles.nsf/85e140505600107b852566490063411d/ab845ccea385b5d38525705100507455/$FILE/lebanon.pdf">USA Trade Online: Lebanon Country Analysis</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li>Blank, S.J. (Ed), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB139.pdf">Mediterranean Security into the coming Millennium</a>, 1999</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintcharbeljieh.com">St Charbel College Website (French)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181110014447/http://saintcharbeljieh.com/">Archived</a> 2018-11-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060519022913/http://www.edl.gov.lb/AboutEDL.htm">Electricite du Liban website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchesforjesus.org">North York Knights of Columbus Website for fundraising the rebuilding of churches where Jesus walked and preached</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080420202910/http://www.virtualebanon.com/bamboobay/">Bamboo Bay Jieh, 360° Panoramic View</a></li> <li>Kazzi, Antoine Naji, 1988, Porphyreon: The path of history, Khalifh publishing, Beirut, Lebanon</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.localiban.org/article4275.html">Jiyeh</a>, Localiban</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography_-_archaeology">Bibliography - archaeology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography - archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mariusz Gwiazda, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316156544_ECONOMY_OF_HELLENISTIC_ROMAN_AND_EARLY_BYZANTINE_SETTLEMENT_IN_JIYEH_PORPHYREON_LEBANON">Economy of Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine Settlement in Jiyeh (Porphyreon), Lebanon, dx.doi.org, 2 marca 2017</a></li> <li>Urszula Wicenciak, <i>Porphyreon. Hellenistic and Roman pottery production in the Sidon hinterland</i> (<i>=Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Monograph Series</i> 7). Warszawa: PCMA 2016</li> <li>Tomasz Waliszewski, Magdalena Antos, Piotr Jaworski, Piotr Makowski, Marcin Romaniuk, Rafał Solecki, Agnieszka Szymczak, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcma.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/pam/PAM_XXIV_1/PAM_24_1_Waliszewski_Antos_Jaworski_Makowski_Romaniuk_Solecki_Szymczak.pdf">Preliminary report on the 2012 and 2013 excavation seasons at Jiyeh (Porphyreon): work in sector D (residential Quarter), „Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean”, XXIV (1), 2015 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.0087</a></li> <li>Agnieszka Szulc-Kajak, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcma.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/pam/PAM_2010_XXII/PAM_22_Jiyeh_SzulcKajak.pdf">Fishing gear from Jiyeh (Porphyreon)., „Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean”, 22, 2013.</a></li> <li>Tomasz Waliszewski, Mariusz Gwiazda, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcma.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/pam/PAM_2010_XXII/PAM_22_Jiyeh_Waliszewski_Gwiazda.pdf">Preliminary report on the 2010 excavation season at Jiyeh (Porphyreon), „Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean”, 22, 2013.</a></li> <li>Tomasz Waliszewski, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcma.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/pam/PAM_2004_XVI/240.pdf">Jiyeh (Porphyreon): Explorations 2003-2004, „Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean”, 16, 2005.</a></li> <li>Krzysztof Domżalski, Urszula Wicenciak, Mahmoud El-Tayeb, Tomasz Waliszewski, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcma.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/pam/PAM_2004_XVI/242.pdf">Late Hellenistic and Early Roman Pottery Production Center at Jiyeh :Rescue Excavations, 2004, „Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean”, 16, 2005.</a></li> <li>René Dussaud, <i>Topographie historique de la Syrie antique et médiévale</i>, Presses de l’Ifpo, 1927, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fbooks.ifpo.3692">10.4000/books.ifpo.3692</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-35159-464-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-35159-464-3">978-2-35159-464-3</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_links_-_archaeology">External links - archaeology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jieh&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links - archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.localiban.org/jiyeh-4275">Jiyeh</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190603132505/http://www.localiban.org/jiyeh-4275">Archived</a> 2019-06-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, localiban</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pcma.uw.edu.pl/2017/12/07/jiyeh/">Polish-Lebanese Archaeological Mission in Jiyeh (Porphyreon)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px&#124;Flag_of_Lebanon_Chouf_District,_Mount_Lebanon_Governorate163" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chouf_District" title="Template:Chouf District"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chouf_District" title="Template talk:Chouf District"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chouf_District" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chouf District"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#124;Flag_of_Lebanon_Chouf_District,_Mount_Lebanon_Governorate163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lebanon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Lebanon"><img alt="Flag of Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chouf_District" title="Chouf District">Chouf District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Governorate" title="Mount Lebanon Governorate">Mount Lebanon Governorate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Capital: <b><a href="/wiki/Beitedine" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitedine">Beitedine</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ain_Qani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ain Qani (page does not exist)">Ain Qani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_W_Zain" title="Ain W Zain">Ain W Zain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Zhalta" title="Ain Zhalta">Ain Zhalta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainbal" title="Ainbal">Ainbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammatour" title="Ammatour">Ammatour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baadar%C3%A2ne" title="Baadarâne">Baadarâne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baakleen" title="Baakleen">Baakleen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakaata" title="Bakaata">Bakaata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barja" title="Barja">Barja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barouk" title="Barouk">Barouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batloun" title="Batloun">Batloun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitedine" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitedine">Beitedine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beykoun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beykoun (page does not exist)">Beykoun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Bireh,_Chouf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Bireh, Chouf (page does not exist)">El Bireh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourjein_et_Marjiyat" title="Bourjein et Marjiyat">Bourjein et Marjiyat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boutmeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boutmeh (page does not exist)">Boutmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brih" title="Brih">Brih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bsaba" title="Bsaba">Bsaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahr_El_Maghara" title="Dahr El Maghara">Dahr El Maghara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damour" title="Damour">Damour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraya,_Chouf" title="Daraya, Chouf">Daraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_el_Qamar" class="mw-redirect" title="Deir el Qamar">Deir el Qamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibbiyeh" title="Dibbiyeh">Dibbiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Fo%C3%BB%C3%A2ra" title="El Foûâra">El Foûâra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haret_Jandal" title="Haret Jandal">Haret Jandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gharife" class="mw-redirect" title="Gharife">Gharife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahlieh" title="Jahlieh">Jahlieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jdaideh" title="Jdaideh">Jdaideh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joun" title="Joun">Joun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahlouniye" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahlouniye">Kahlouniye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfarfakoud" title="Kfarfakoud">Kfarfakoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Nabrakh" title="Kfar Nabrakh">Kfar Nabrakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazraat_el-Chouf" title="Mazraat el-Chouf">Mazraat el-Chouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazraat_el_Daher" title="Mazraat el Daher">Mazraat el Daher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maasser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maasser (page does not exist)">Maasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moukhtara" title="Moukhtara">Moukhtara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtolleh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mtolleh (page does not exist)">Mtolleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haret_en_Naameh" title="Haret en Naameh">Na'ameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niha,_Chouf" title="Niha, Chouf">Niha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rmeileh" title="Rmeileh">Rmeileh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serjbel" title="Serjbel">Serjbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shheem" title="Shheem">Shheem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symkanieh" title="Symkanieh">Symkanieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaarourieh" title="Zaarourieh">Zaarourieh</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lebanon_districts_Chouf.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lebanon_districts_Chouf.png/100px-Lebanon_districts_Chouf.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lebanon_districts_Chouf.png/150px-Lebanon_districts_Chouf.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lebanon_districts_Chouf.png/200px-Lebanon_districts_Chouf.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beiteddine_Palace" title="Beiteddine Palace">Beiteddine Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhredine_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakhredine Palace">Fakhredine Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_el_Qamar_Synagogue" title="Deir el Qamar Synagogue">Deir el Qamar Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhredine_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakhredine Mosque">Fakhredine Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Shouf_Cedar_Nature_Reserve" title="Al Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve">Al Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px&#124;class=noviewer&#124;Phoenician_Hippos_ship_Phoenician_cities_and_colonies228" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template talk:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#124;class=noviewer&#124;Phoenician_Hippos_ship_Phoenician_cities_and_colonies228" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Phoenician Hippos ship"><img alt="Phoenician Hippos ship" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/20px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/30px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/40px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="525" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Phoenician_cities" title="List of Phoenician cities">Phoenician cities and colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Algeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Camarata_(Mauretania)" title="Camarata (Mauretania)">Camarata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartennae" title="Cartennae">Cartennae</a> (<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9n%C3%A8s" title="Ténès">Tenes</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hippo_Regius" title="Hippo Regius">Hippo Regius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Icosium" title="Icosium">Icosium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Igilgili" title="Igilgili">Igilgili</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jijel" title="Jijel">Jijel</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Iol (Cherchell)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iomnium" title="Iomnium">Iomnium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tigzirt" title="Tigzirt">Tigzirt</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cirta" title="Cirta">Cirta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constantine,_Algeria" title="Constantine, Algeria">Constantine</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Djinet" title="Djinet">Kissi (Djinet)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Macomades" title="Macomades">Macomades</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calama_(Numidia)" title="Calama (Numidia)">Malaca</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rachgoun" title="Rachgoun">Rachgoun</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusazus" title="Rusazus">Rusazus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azeffoun" title="Azeffoun">Azeffoun</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Rusguniae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Tamentfoust</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Skikda" title="Skikda">Rusicade (Skikda)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusippisir" title="Rusippisir">Rusippisir (Taksebt)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusubbicari" title="Rusubbicari">Rusubbicari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zemmouri" title="Zemmouri">Zemmouri</a> El Bahri)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dellys" title="Dellys">Rusuccuru (Dellys)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zara%C3%AF" title="Zaraï">Sarai</a> (<a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFn_Oulmene" title="Aïn Oulmene">Aïn Oulmene</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thagora" title="Thagora">Thagora</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taoura" title="Taoura">Taoura</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Mauretania" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipasa in Mauretania">Tipasa in Mauretania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Numidia" title="Tipasa in Numidia">Tipasa in Numidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timici" title="Timici">Timici</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cyprus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dali,_Cyprus" title="Dali, Cyprus">Dhali</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kition" title="Kition">Kition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larnaca" title="Larnaca">Larnaca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lapathus_(Cyprus)" title="Lapathus (Cyprus)">Lapathus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Cyprus" title="Marion, Cyprus">Marion</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Callista (Santorini)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Paxi">Paxi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Achziv" title="Achziv">Achzib</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Akka (Acre)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Dor" title="Tel Dor">Dora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Michal" title="Tel Michal">Michal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apollonia-Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia-Arsuf">Reshef</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Shikmona" title="Tel Shikmona">Shikmona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Strato's Tower (Caesarea)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bithia,_Italy" title="Bithia, Italy">Bitan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chia_(Sardinia)" title="Chia (Sardinia)">Chia</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cefal%C3%B9" title="Cefalù">Cape Melqart (Cefalù)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Drepana" title="Drepana">Drepanum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eryx_(Sicily)" title="Eryx (Sicily)">Eryx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erice" title="Erice">Erice</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Soluntum" title="Soluntum">Kapara (Soluntum)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cagliari" title="History of Cagliari">Karaly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marsala" title="Marsala">Lilybaeum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Motya" title="Motya">Motya</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neapolis,_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolis, Sardinia">Neapolis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nora,_Italy" title="Nora, Italy">Nora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Olbia" title="Olbia">Olbia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinunte</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sulci" title="Sulci">Sulci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sant%27Antioco" title="Sant'Antioco">Sant'Antioco</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tharros" title="Tharros">Tharros</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Ṣiṣ (Palermo)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Amioun" title="Amioun">Amia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Enfeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfeh">Ampi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Athar (Tripoli)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Birut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Batroun" title="Batroun">Botrys (Teros)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Gebal (Byblos)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Burak" title="Tell el-Burak">Ornithon (Tell el-Burak)</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> Porphyreon (Jieh)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sarepta" title="Sarepta">Sarepta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Sur (Tyre)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ushu" title="Ushu">Ushu (Palaetyrus)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Amad,_Lebanon" title="Umm al-Amad, Lebanon">Umm al-Amad</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Magna" title="Leptis Magna">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khoms,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoms, Libya">Khoms</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oea" title="Oea">Oyat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sabratha" title="Sabratha">Tsabratan</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd>Maleth (<a href="/wiki/Cospicua" title="Cospicua">Cospicua</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melite_(ancient_city)" title="Melite (ancient city)">Ann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gaulos (Gozo)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C4%A7ajn_Qajjet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Għajn Qajjet (page does not exist)">Għajn Qajjet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mtarfa" title="Mtarfa">Mtarfa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ras_il-Wardija" title="Ras il-Wardija">Ras il-Wardija</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tas-Sil%C4%A1" title="Tas-Silġ">Tas-Silġ</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Morocco</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azama (Azemmour)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Arambys (Mogador)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caricus_Murus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caricus Murus (page does not exist)">Caricus Murus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lixus_(ancient_city)" title="Lixus (ancient city)">Likush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larache" title="Larache">Larache</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Shalat (Chellah)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamusida" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamusida">Tamusida</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tingis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingis">Tinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anfa" title="Anfa">Anfa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Volubilis" title="Volubilis">Volubilis</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mogador_Island" title="Mogador Island">Mogador</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rusadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oualidia" title="Oualidia">Oualidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iulia_Constantia_Zilil" title="Iulia Constantia Zilil">Zilil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Gadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Sala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thymiaterium" title="Thymiaterium">Thymiaterium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Rusibis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Portim%C3%A3o" title="Portimão">Portus Hannibalis</a></dd> <dd>Portus Magonis (Portimão)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Olissipona (Lisbon)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Ossonoba (Faro)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Balsa_(Roman_town)" title="Balsa (Roman town)">Balsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tavira" title="Tavira">Tavira</a>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Abdera,_Spain" title="Abdera, Spain">Abdera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adra,_Spain" title="Adra, Spain">Adra</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abyla" title="Abyla">Abyla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lucentum" title="Lucentum">Akra Leuka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Gadir (Cadiz)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guardamar_del_Segura" title="Guardamar del Segura">Herna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sa_Caleta_Phoenician_Settlement" title="Sa Caleta Phoenician Settlement">Iboshim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ibiza" title="Ibiza">Ibiza</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%B3n" title="Mahón">Mahón</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="History of Málaga">Malake</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Onoba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Carthage (Cartagena)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rushadir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saguntum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saguntum">Saguntum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sexi_(Phoenician_colony)" title="Sexi (Phoenician colony)">Sexi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Almunecar" class="mw-redirect" title="Almunecar">Almunecar</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADjola" title="Tíjola">Tagilit (Tíjola)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Los_Toscanos" title="Los Toscanos">Toscanos</a> (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lez-M%C3%A1laga" title="Vélez-Málaga">Velez</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peniscola" title="Peniscola">Tyreche</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Arwad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit">Marat (Amrit)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baniyas" title="Baniyas">Balanaea (Baniyas)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carne,_Phoenicia" title="Carne, Phoenicia">Carne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paltus" title="Paltus">Paltus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Safita" title="Safita">Safita</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Sukas" title="Tell Sukas">Shuksi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Kazel" title="Tell Kazel">Sumur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunisia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kelibia" title="Kelibia">Aspis (Kelibia)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bulla_Regia" title="Bulla Regia">Bulla Regia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hadrumetum" title="Hadrumetum">Hadrumetum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sousse" title="Sousse">Sousse</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kerkouane" title="Kerkouane">Kerkouane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Parva" title="Leptis Parva">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monastir,_Tunisia" title="Monastir, Tunisia">Monastir</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maqom_Hadesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqom Hadesh">Maqom Hadesh (Ounga)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Meninx_(town)" title="Meninx (town)">Meninx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Djerba" title="Djerba">Djerba</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspe" title="Ruspe">Ruspe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspina" title="Ruspina">Ruspina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Kef" title="El Kef">Sicca (El Kef)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tabarka" title="Tabarka">Tabarka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thenae" title="Thenae">Tayinat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thyna" title="Thyna">Thyna</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thapsus" title="Thapsus">Thapsus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thysdrus" title="Thysdrus">Thysdrus</a> (<a href="/wiki/El_Djem" title="El Djem">El Djem</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Utica,_Tunisia" title="Utica, Tunisia">Utica</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Myriandus" title="Myriandus">Myriandus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Finike" title="Finike">Phoenicus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tahpanhes" title="Tahpanhes">Tahpanhes</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Lebanon&#124;link=Lebanon_Archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon158" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Template:Archaeological sites in Lebanon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Template talk:Archaeological sites in Lebanon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeological sites in Lebanon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Lebanon&#124;link=Lebanon_Archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon158" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Lebanon" title="Archaeology of Lebanon">Archaeological sites in Lebanon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aadloun" title="Aadloun">Aadloun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaiha" title="Aaiha">Aaiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aammiq" title="Aammiq">Aammiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaqbe" title="Aaqbe">Aaqbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Aata" title="Ain Aata">Ain Aata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Choaab" class="mw-redirect" title="Ain Choaab">Ain Choaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Harcha" title="Ain Harcha">Ain Harcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbiyeh" title="Akbiyeh">Akbiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkar_plain_foothills" title="Akkar plain foothills">Akkar plain foothills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bireh,_Rashaya" title="Al-Bireh, Rashaya">Al-Bireh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amioun" title="Amioun">Amioun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amlaq_Qatih" title="Amlaq Qatih">Amlaq Qatih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjar,_Lebanon" title="Anjar, Lebanon">Anjar, Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antelias_cave" title="Antelias cave">Antelias cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afqa" title="Afqa">Apheca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard_Saouda" title="Ard Saouda">Ard Saouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard_Tlaili" title="Ard Tlaili">Ard Tlaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusti_Pagus_(Roman_Phoenicia)" title="Augusti Pagus (Roman Phoenicia)">Augusti Pagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baidar_ech_Chamout" title="Baidar ech Chamout">Baidar ech Chamout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batroumine" title="Batroumine">Batroumine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batroun" title="Batroun">Batroun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bechamoun" title="Bechamoun">Bechamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Mery" title="Beit Mery">Beit Mery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belat_temple" title="Belat temple">Belat temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Berytus (Roman Beirut)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustan_Birke" title="Bustan Birke">Bustan Birke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canalizations_of_Zenobia" title="Canalizations of Zenobia">Canalizations of Zenobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahr_El_Ahmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dahr El Ahmar">Dahr El Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakoue" title="Dakoue">Dakoue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_El_Aachayer" title="Deir El Aachayer">Deir El Aachayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Al-Ahmar" title="Deir Al-Ahmar">Deir Al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Maron" title="Monastery of Saint Maron">Deir Mar Maroun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekwaneh" title="Dekwaneh">Dekwaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douris_(Baalbek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Douris (Baalbek)">Douris (Baalbek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaea_(Lebanon)" title="Elaea (Lebanon)">Elaea (Lebanon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaoui" title="Flaoui">Flaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadous_Sud" class="mw-redirect" title="Fadous Sud">Fadous Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebbariye" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebbariye">Hebbariye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadeth,_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadeth, Beirut">Hadeth south</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haret_ech_Cheikh" title="Haret ech Cheikh">Haret ech Cheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashbai" title="Hashbai">Hashbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triparadeisos" title="Triparadeisos">Heliopolis in Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermel_plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermel plains">Hermel plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaat" title="Iaat">Iaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_es_Saa%C3%AFd%C3%A9" title="Jabal es Saaïdé">Jabal es Saaïdé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jbaa" title="Jbaa">Jbaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jdeideh" title="Jdeideh">Jdeideh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Aabeby" title="Jebel Aabeby">Jebel Aabeby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeita_Grotto" title="Jeita Grotto">Jeita Grotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joub_Jannine" title="Joub Jannine">Joub Jannine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Zabad" title="Kafr Zabad">Kafr Zabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamid_el-Loz" title="Kamid el-Loz">Kamid el-Loz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamouh_el_Hermel" title="Kamouh el Hermel">Kamouh el Hermel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karak_Nuh" title="Karak Nuh">Karak Nuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukaba" title="Kaukaba">Kaukaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefraya" title="Kefraya">Kefraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Tebnit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kafr Tebnit">Kafr Tebnit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Qouq" title="Kfar Qouq">Kfar Qouq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfarhata" title="Kfarhata">Kfarhata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khallet_Michte" title="Khallet Michte">Khallet Michte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_Sanctuary_of_Kharayeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenician Sanctuary of Kharayeb">Kharayeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbet_El-Knese" title="Khirbet El-Knese">Khirbet El-Knese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kouachra" title="Kouachra">Kouachra megalith field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksar_Akil" title="Ksar Akil">Ksar Akil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labweh" title="Labweh">Labweh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Qaraoun" title="Lake Qaraoun">Lake Qaraoun (Ain Jaouze)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libbaya" title="Libbaya">Libbaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Lion Tower">Lion 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