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</div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-地理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>地理</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-定义和边界" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定义和边界"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>定义和边界</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-定义和边界-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关定义和边界子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-定义和边界-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-巴尔干半岛" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#巴尔干半岛"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>巴尔干半岛</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-巴尔干半岛-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-国土完全在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家（不包括离岛）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#国土完全在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家（不包括离岛）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>国土完全在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家（不包括离岛）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-国土完全在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家（不包括离岛）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-聯合國會員國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#聯合國會員國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>聯合國會員國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-聯合國會員國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-非聯合國會員國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#非聯合國會員國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>非聯合國會員國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-非聯合國會員國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-大部分国土在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大部分国土在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>大部分国土在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大部分国土在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-一小部分国土在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#一小部分国土在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>一小部分国土在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-一小部分国土在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-巴尔干地区" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#巴尔干地区"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>巴尔干地区</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-巴尔干地区-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-统计表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#统计表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>统计表</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-统计表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-词源和演变" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#词源和演变"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>词源和演变</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-词源和演变-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关词源和演变子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-词源和演变-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-东南欧" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#东南欧"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>东南欧</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-东南欧-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-西巴尔干" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#西巴尔干"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>西巴尔干</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-西巴尔干-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-史前" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#史前"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>史前</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-史前-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-古典时代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古典时代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>古典时代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古典时代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中世纪" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中世纪"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>中世纪</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中世纪-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-奥斯曼帝国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#奥斯曼帝国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>奥斯曼帝国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-奥斯曼帝国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20世纪" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20世纪"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>20世纪</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20世纪-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-巴尔干战争" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#巴尔干战争"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1</span> <span>巴尔干战争</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-巴尔干战争-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第一次世界大战" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第一次世界大战"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.2</span> <span>第一次世界大战</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第一次世界大战-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第二次世界大战" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第二次世界大战"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.3</span> <span>第二次世界大战</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第二次世界大战-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-冷战" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#冷战"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.4</span> <span>冷战</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-冷战-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-冷战后" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#冷战后"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.5</span> <span>冷战后</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-冷战后-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-资源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#资源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>资源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-资源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>人口</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">巴尔干半岛</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。150种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-150" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">150种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Балкантәи адгьылбжьахабжа – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Балкантәи адгьылбжьахабжа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkanhalbinsel" title="Balkanhalbinsel – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Balkanhalbinsel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%AB%E1%8A%96%E1%89%BD" title="ባልካኖች – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ባልካኖች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula_Balcanica" title="Peninsula Balcanica – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Peninsula Balcanica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illyricum" title="Illyricum – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Illyricum" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86" title="البلقان – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البلقان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86" title="البلقان – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البلقان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2" title="বলকান অঞ্চল – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বলকান অঞ্চল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balcanes" title="Balcanes – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Balcanes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_yar%C4%B1madas%C4%B1" title="Balkan yarımadası – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Balkan yarımadası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بالکان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بالکان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Балҡан ярымутрауы – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Балҡан ярымутрауы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan%C4%81" title="Balkanā – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Balkanā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Балканскі паўвостраў – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Балканскі паўвостраў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Балканскі паўвостраў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Балканскі паўвостраў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Балкански полуостров – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Балкански полуостров" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2" title="বলকান অঞ্চল – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বলকান অঞ্চল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkanio%C3%B9" title="Balkanioù – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Balkanioù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balcans" title="Balcans – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Balcans" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Балканийн ахгӀайре – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Балканийн ахгӀайре" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Peninsula" title="Balkan Peninsula – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Balkan Peninsula" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بالکان – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بالکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balqan_yar%C4%B1madas%C4%B1" title="Balqan yarımadası – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Balqan yarımadası" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balk%C3%A1n" title="Balkán – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Balkán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Балкани – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Балкани" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%C3%A7%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Балкан çурутравĕ – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Балкан çурутравĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balcanau" title="Balcanau – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Balcanau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkanhalv%C3%B8en" title="Balkanhalvøen – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Balkanhalvøen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkanhalbinsel" title="Balkanhalbinsel – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Balkanhalbinsel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balka%C5%84ska_po%C5%82kupa" title="Balkańska połkupa – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Balkańska połkupa" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Βαλκάνια – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαλκάνια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Balkans" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkana_duoninsulo" title="Balkana duoninsulo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Balkana duoninsulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_balc%C3%A1nica" title="Península balcánica – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Península balcánica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkani_poolsaar" title="Balkani poolsaar – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Balkani poolsaar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkanak" title="Balkanak – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Balkanak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بالکان – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بالکان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkanh%C3%A1lvoyggin" title="Balkanhálvoyggin – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Balkanhálvoyggin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Balkans" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balcans" title="Balcans – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Balcans" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balcans" title="Balcans – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Balcans" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_Balc%C3%A1in" title="Na Balcáin – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Na Balcáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_Balcain" title="Na Balcain – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Na Balcain" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balc%C3%A1ns" title="Balcáns – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Balcáns" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny_%C3%87heeraghyn_Balkanagh" title="Ny Çheeraghyn Balkanagh – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ny Çheeraghyn Balkanagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_pan-t%C3%B3" title="Balkan pan-tó – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Balkan pan-tó" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%91%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%9F" title="חבל הבלקן – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חבל הבלקן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="बाल्कन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बाल्कन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkanski_poluotok" title="Balkanski poluotok – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Balkanski poluotok" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkanska_po%C5%82kupa" title="Balkanska połkupa – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Balkanska połkupa" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balk%C3%A1n-f%C3%A9lsziget" title="Balkán-félsziget – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Balkán-félsziget" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB" title="Բալկանյան թերակղզի – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բալկանյան թերակղզի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%AC%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB" title="Պալքանեան Թերակղզի – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պալքանեան Թերակղզի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkanes" title="Balkanes – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Balkanes" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkanskagi" title="Balkanskagi – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Balkanskagi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisola_balcanica" title="Penisola balcanica – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Penisola balcanica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="バルカン半島 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バルカン半島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Balkans" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ბალკანეთის ნახევარკუნძული – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბალკანეთის ნახევარკუნძული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tazunegzirt_n_Balqan" title="Tazunegzirt n Balqan – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tazunegzirt n Balqan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1yaaba%CC%B1li%CC%B1kan" title="A̱yaaba̱li̱kan – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱yaaba̱li̱kan" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Балқан түбегі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Балқан түбегі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%B9%B8%EB%B0%98%EB%8F%84" title="발칸반도 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발칸반도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Балкан жарым аралы – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Балкан жарым аралы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paeninsula_Balcanica" title="Paeninsula Balcanica – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Paeninsula Balcanica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkanos" title="Balkanos – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Balkanos" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balcanes" title="Balcanes – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Balcanes" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_(sjiereiland)" title="Balkan (sjiereiland) – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Balkan (sjiereiland)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balcan" title="Balcan – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Balcan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkanai" title="Balkanai – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Balkanai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balk%C4%81nu_pussala" title="Balkānu pussala – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Balkānu pussala" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkana" title="Balkana – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Balkana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Балкански Полуостров – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Балкански Полуостров" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB" title="ബാൾക്കൻ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബാൾക്കൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B3" title="Балканы хойг – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Балканы хойг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="बाल्कन – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बाल्कन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بالکان – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بالکان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balcane" title="Balcane – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Balcane" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA" title="बाल्कन प्रायद्वीप – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बाल्कन प्रायद्वीप" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="बाल्कन – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बाल्कन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_(schiereiland)" title="Balkan (schiereiland) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Balkan (schiereiland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Balkans" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balcans" title="Balcans – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Balcans" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Балканы æрдæгсакъадах – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Балканы æрдæгсакъадах" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬਾਲਕਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਾਲਕਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82wysep_Ba%C5%82ka%C5%84ski" title="Półwysep Bałkański – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Półwysep Bałkański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بلقان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بلقان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CE%A7%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Βαλκανικόν Χερσόνησος – 旁狄希臘文" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Βαλκανικόν Χερσόνησος" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="旁狄希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بالکان – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بالکان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1lc%C3%A3s" title="Bálcãs – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bálcãs" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palkanu_%C3%B1aqa_wat%27a" title="Palkanu ñaqa wat'a – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Palkanu ñaqa wat'a" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsla_dal_Balcan" title="Peninsla dal Balcan – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Peninsla dal Balcan" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula_Balcanic%C4%83" title="Peninsula Balcanică – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Peninsula Balcanică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Балканский полуостров – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Балканский полуостров" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Балканскый полуостров – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Балканскый полуостров" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Балкаан – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Балкаан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balcanos" title="Balcanos – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Balcanos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pin%C3%ACsula_balc%C3%A0nica" title="Pinìsula balcànica – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pinìsula balcànica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Balkans" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بلقان – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بلقان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkannj%C3%A1rga" title="Balkannjárga – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Balkannjárga" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Balkans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balk%C3%A1nsky_polostrov" title="Balkánsky polostrov – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Balkánsky polostrov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasiiradda_Balkaan" title="Jasiiradda Balkaan – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jasiiradda Balkaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballkani" title="Ballkani – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ballkani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Балкан – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Балкан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkanhalv%C3%B6n" title="Balkanhalvön – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Balkanhalvön" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkani" title="Balkani – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Balkani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%82kany" title="Bałkany – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bałkany" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE" title="பால்கன் குடா – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பால்கன் குடா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="బాల్కన్లు – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బాల్కన్లు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нимҷазираи Балкан – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нимҷазираи Балкан" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="บอลข่าน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บอลข่าน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_%C3%BDarymadasy" title="Balkan ýarymadasy – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Balkan ýarymadasy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkanikong_Tangway" title="Balkanikong Tangway – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Balkanikong Tangway" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkanlar" title="Balkanlar – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Balkanlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Балкан ярымутравы – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Балкан ярымутравы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Балканський півострів – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Балканський півострів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بلقان – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلقان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolqon_yarim_oroli" title="Bolqon yarim oroli – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bolqon yarim oroli" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ACzo%C5%82a_balc%C3%A0nega" title="Penìzoła balcànega – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Penìzoła balcànega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Balkan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="巴尔干半岛 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴尔干半岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Peninsula_yaseBalkan" title="I-Peninsula yaseBalkan – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-Peninsula yaseBalkan" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბალკანეთიშ ჩქონი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბალკანეთიშ ჩქონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="באלקאן לענדער – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באלקאן לענדער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahwjgan_buendauj" title="Bahwjgan buendauj – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bahwjgan buendauj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E5%B9%B9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="巴爾幹半島 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="巴爾幹半島" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_po%C3%A0n-t%C3%B3" title="Balkan poàn-tó – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Balkan poàn-tó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%A1%E5%8B%A4%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="坡勤半島 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="坡勤半島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23522#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">巴爾幹半島</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname" style="font-size:100%; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span style="font-weight: bold"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkan_Peninsula.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Balkan_Peninsula.svg/260px-Balkan_Peninsula.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Balkan_Peninsula.svg/390px-Balkan_Peninsula.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Balkan_Peninsula.svg/520px-Balkan_Peninsula.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="7" data-overlays="["_d3a3a28c242c5f17f174f92445b491d47840f911"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,250x200.png?lang=zh&domain=zh.wikipedia.org&title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&revid=84114473&groups=_d3a3a28c242c5f17f174f92445b491d47840f911" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=zh&domain=zh.wikipedia.org&title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&revid=84114473&groups=_d3a3a28c242c5f17f174f92445b491d47840f911 2x" alt="地图" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">自然地理</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">坐标</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&params=42_N_22_E_region:MK_type:isle_source:enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">42°N</span> <span class="longitude">22°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">42°N 22°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42; 22</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">所处海域</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="东南欧">東南歐</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">总面積</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">470,692平方公里（181,735平方英里）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">最高海拔</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2,925米（9596英尺）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">最高點</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E5%B3%B0" title="穆萨拉峰">穆薩拉峰</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞">保加利亞</a>）</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">管轄</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="#countries">見下文</a></th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>巴爾<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80905552">.mw-parser-output ruby.zy{text-align:justify;text-justify:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rp{user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt{font-feature-settings:"ruby"1;font-size:90%;user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt+rt{padding-left:0.15em}</style><ruby class="zy center"><rb>幹</rb><rp>（</rp><rt lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">gàn</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby>半島</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（英語：<span lang="en">Balkans</span><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>），是一個地理名詞，用以描述<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>的東南隅位於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%BE%97%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="亞得里亞海">亞得里亞海</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>之間的陸地，詳細的範圍依照定義不同有許多種說法。該地約有55萬平方公里和近5500萬人口。目前，廣義的巴尔干半岛共有11个国家，總面积為47.6万平方公里，人口1.3亿。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="古希臘">古希臘</a>時代，巴爾幹半島被稱為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈伊莫司" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Haemus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E8%8E%AB%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈伊莫司（页面不存在）">哈伊莫司</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemus" class="extiw" title="en:Haemus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Haemus</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>半島。該地區的名稱來自于一條通過保加利亞中心到東塞爾維亞的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="巴尔干山脉">巴爾幹山脈</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>巴爾幹半島地處歐亞交界地緣戰略位置，歷史上充斥著宗教矛盾、民族纠纷及領土爭端，更有當地局部衝突引燃世界大戰的例子（如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="一戰">一戰</a>導火線<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%86%B1%E7%AA%A9%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="薩拉熱窩事件">薩拉熱窩事件</a>），素有<b>歐洲火药庫</b>之稱。不過自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" title="南斯拉夫內戰">南斯拉夫內戰</a>後，巴爾幹半島已再無烽煙起，除少量領土主權爭議外（例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a>主權問題），至今局勢大致和平。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86"></span>地理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：地理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkan_topo_blank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Balkan_topo_blank.jpg/250px-Balkan_topo_blank.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Balkan_topo_blank.jpg/375px-Balkan_topo_blank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Balkan_topo_blank.jpg/500px-Balkan_topo_blank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1278" /></a><figcaption>巴爾幹半島的地理環境</figcaption></figure> <p>南歐相鄰地中海的三大半島，從東向西分別為巴爾幹半島、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利半島">義大利半島</a>（亞平寧半島）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="伊比利亚半岛">伊比利亚半島</a>。 </p><p>半岛地处欧、亚、非三大陆之间，是欧、亚联系的陆桥，南临地中海重要航线，东有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1" title="博斯普鲁斯海峡">博斯普鲁斯海峡</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="达达尼尔海峡">达达尼尔海峡</a>扼<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>的咽喉，地理位置极为重要。地形以山地为主，<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E9%98%A1%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="喀爾巴阡山">喀尔巴阡山</a>以南多為山丘及<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%81%B0%E5%B2%A9%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="石灰岩地形">石灰岩地形</a>，以北多以為平原為主。半岛西部有迪纳拉-品都斯山脉，中东部有喀尔巴阡-老山（巴尔干）山脉。老山山脉是<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="阿尔卑斯">阿尔卑斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E9%98%A1%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="喀爾巴阡山">喀尔巴阡山</a>的延伸，经南斯拉夫东部，横贯<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a>中部，直临黑海。东西两列山脉之间是古老的罗多彼山脉和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马其顿山（页面不存在）">马其顿山</a>丛，最高峰<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E5%B3%B0" title="穆萨拉峰">穆萨拉峰</a>，海拔2925米。半岛上平原分布零散，仅<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="萨瓦河">萨瓦河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%91%99%E6%B2%B3" title="多瑙河">多瑙河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E6%9F%A5%E6%B2%B3%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马里查河谷（页面不存在）">马里查河谷</a>较宽广。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定义和边界"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E4.B9.89.E5.92.8C.E8.BE.B9.E7.95.8C"></span>定义和边界</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：定义和边界"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="巴尔干半岛"><span id=".E5.B7.B4.E5.B0.94.E5.B9.B2.E5.8D.8A.E5.B2.9B"></span>巴尔干半岛</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：巴尔干半岛"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>巴尔干半岛位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>东南部，三面被水环绕：西邻<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="亞德里亞海">亚德里亚海</a>、南面是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>（包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="爱奥尼亚海">爱奥尼亚海</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E7%90%B4%E6%B5%B7" title="爱琴海">爱琴海</a>）和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E6%B5%B7" title="马尔马拉海">马尔马拉海</a>、东边是<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>。其北部边界通常被定为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%91%99%E6%B2%B3" title="多瑙河">多瑙河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="萨瓦河">萨瓦河</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E5%B8%95%E6%B2%B3" title="庫帕河">库帕河</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-jel01_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jel01-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>巴尔干半岛包括49万平方公里土地。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="国土完全在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家（不包括离岛）"><span id=".E5.9B.BD.E5.9C.9F.E5.AE.8C.E5.85.A8.E5.9C.A8.E5.B7.B4.E5.B0.94.E5.B9.B2.E5.8D.8A.E5.B2.9B.E8.8C.83.E5.9B.B4.E5.86.85.E7.9A.84.E5.9B.BD.E5.AE.B6.EF.BC.88.E4.B8.8D.E5.8C.85.E6.8B.AC.E7.A6.BB.E5.B2.9B.EF.BC.89"></span><span class="anchor" id="countries"></span> 国土完全在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家（不包括离岛）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：国土完全在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家（不包括离岛）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="聯合國會員國"><span id=".E8.81.AF.E5.90.88.E5.9C.8B.E6.9C.83.E5.93.A1.E5.9C.8B"></span>聯合國會員國</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：聯合國會員國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波黑</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/22px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/33px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/44px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">蒙特內哥羅</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="非聯合國會員國"><span id=".E9.9D.9E.E8.81.AF.E5.90.88.E5.9C.8B.E6.9C.83.E5.93.A1.E5.9C.8B"></span>非聯合國會員國</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：非聯合國會員國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大部分国土在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E9.83.A8.E5.88.86.E5.9B.BD.E5.9C.9F.E5.9C.A8.E5.B7.B4.E5.B0.94.E5.B9.B2.E5.8D.8A.E5.B2.9B.E8.8C.83.E5.9B.B4.E5.86.85.E7.9A.84.E5.9B.BD.E5.AE.B6"></span>大部分国土在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：大部分国土在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞爾維亞</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="一小部分国土在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家"><span id=".E4.B8.80.E5.B0.8F.E9.83.A8.E5.88.86.E5.9B.BD.E5.9C.9F.E5.9C.A8.E5.B7.B4.E5.B0.94.E5.B9.B2.E5.8D.8A.E5.B2.9B.E8.8C.83.E5.9B.B4.E5.86.85.E7.9A.84.E5.9B.BD.E5.AE.B6"></span>一小部分国土在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：一小部分国土在巴尔干半岛范围内的国家"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="巴尔干地区"><span id=".E5.B7.B4.E5.B0.94.E5.B9.B2.E5.9C.B0.E5.8C.BA"></span>巴尔干地区</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：巴尔干地区"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Suedosteuropa_03_01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Karte_Suedosteuropa_03_01.png/300px-Karte_Suedosteuropa_03_01.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Karte_Suedosteuropa_03_01.png/450px-Karte_Suedosteuropa_03_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Karte_Suedosteuropa_03_01.png 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>深桔色是巴尔干半岛地区，浅桔色是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="半岛">半岛</a>的地理定义以外，仍然被看做“巴尔干地区”的国家</figcaption></figure> <p>「巴尔干地区」不仅涵盖巴尔干半岛内的国家，有时还包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛文尼亚</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马尼亚">罗马尼亚</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-jel01_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jel01-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1991年以前的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" title="南斯拉夫">南斯拉夫</a>全境被认为在巴尔干地区内。<sup id="cite_ref-tin51_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tin51-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>现在，「巴尔干」一词有时用来描述巴尔干半岛内的国家；不过更多情况下，这个词所描述的地区包括前<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" title="南斯拉夫">南斯拉夫</a>分裂成的所有国家（包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛文尼亚</a>）和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马尼亚">罗马尼亚</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-jel01_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jel01-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>作为一个整体的时候，不被认为是巴尔干的一部分。 </p><p>目前，巴尔干地区包括11个国家。（不包括有争议的科索沃） </p><p><b>巴尔干地区包括的国家</b> <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a>（28,748 km<sup>2</sup>）</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波黑</a>（51,197 km<sup>2</sup>）</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a>（110,993 km<sup>2</sup>）</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a>（56,594 km<sup>2</sup>）</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a>（131,990 km<sup>2</sup>）</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a><sup class="reference" id="ref_status"><a href="#endnote_status">[a]</a></sup>（10,908 km<sup>2</sup>）</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a>（25,713 km<sup>2</sup>）</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/22px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/33px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/44px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">蒙特內哥羅</a>（13,812 km<sup>2</sup>）</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a>（238,391 km<sup>2</sup>）</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞爾維亞</a>（包括<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a>：88,361 km<sup>2</sup>；不包括<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a><sup class="reference" id="ref_status"><a href="#endnote_status">[a]</a></sup>：77,474 km<sup>2</sup>）</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a>（20,273 km<sup>2</sup>）–大多数情况下不包含</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a>（24,476km<sup>2</sup>）-東<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="色雷斯">色雷斯</a>地區，土耳其歐洲部分<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="统计表"><span id=".E7.BB.9F.E8.AE.A1.E8.A1.A8"></span>统计表</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：统计表"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="2" cellpadding="5" style="margin:auto; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波黑</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/22px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/33px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/44px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">蒙特內哥羅</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞爾維亞</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="国旗列表">国旗</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚"><img alt="阿尔巴尼亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/50px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/75px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/100px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那"><img alt="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/50px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/75px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/100px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚"><img alt="保加利亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/50px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/75px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/100px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚"><img alt="克罗地亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/75px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊"><img alt="希腊" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/50px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/75px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/100px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃"><img alt="科索沃" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/50px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/75px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/100px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓"><img alt="北馬其頓" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/50px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/75px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/100px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅"><img alt="蒙特內哥羅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/50px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/75px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/100px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞"><img alt="羅馬尼亞" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/50px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/75px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/100px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚"><img alt="塞尔维亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/75px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚"><img alt="斯洛文尼亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/75px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其"><img alt="土耳其" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/50px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/75px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/100px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="国徽列表">国徽</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="383" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="584" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="Republic of Bulgaria"><img alt="Republic of Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="423" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Croatia" title="Republic of Croatia"><img alt="Republic of Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1844" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg/50px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg/75px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg/100px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="229" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo.svg/75px-Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="729" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Macedonia.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Macedonia.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Macedonia.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="799" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Montenegro" title="Republic of Montenegro"><img alt="Republic of Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Arms_of_Montenegro.svg/50px-Arms_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Arms_of_Montenegro.svg/75px-Arms_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Arms_of_Montenegro.svg/100px-Arms_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="970" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="772" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="511" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/27px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/41px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/54px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="373" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>首都 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A3" title="地拉那">地拉那</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E8%80%B6%E4%BD%9B" title="塞拉耶佛">塞拉耶佛</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E8%8F%B2%E4%BA%9E" title="索菲亞">索菲亞</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E6%A0%BC%E7%91%9E%E5%B8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="札格瑞布">札格瑞布</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8" title="雅典">雅典</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%8F%90%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="普里斯提納">普里斯提納</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E9%AB%98%E6%AF%94%E8%80%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="史高比耶">史高比耶</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%88%E9%87%8C%E5%AF%9F" title="波德戈里察">波德戈里察</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="布加勒斯特">布加勒斯特</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92" class="mw-redirect" title="貝爾格勒">貝爾格勒</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%AF%94%E5%AE%89%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="盧比安納">盧比安納</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89" title="安卡拉">安卡拉</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="独立日">独立日</a> </th> <td>11月28日<br />1912年 </td> <td>3月3日<br />1992年 </td> <td>10月5日<br />1908年 </td> <td>3月3日<br />1992年 </td> <td>3月25日<br />1821年 </td> <td>2月17日<br />2008年 </td> <td>11月17日<br />1991年 </td> <td>6月3日<br />2006年 </td> <td>5月9日<br />1878年 </td> <td>6月8日<br />2006年 </td> <td>12月13日<br />1991年 </td> <td>10月29日<br />1923年 </td></tr> <tr> <th>现任总统 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%A1%94" title="伊利尔·梅塔">伊利爾·梅塔</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%BE%A4%E7%89%B9%E8%B2%9D%E6%88%88%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87" title="巴基爾·伊澤特貝戈維奇">巴基尔·伊泽特贝戈维奇</a>（主席团主席） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E9%96%80%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%AB" title="魯門·拉德夫">鲁门·拉德夫</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87" title="佐兰·米拉诺维奇">佐兰·米拉诺维奇</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9%E7%90%B3%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%87%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%97%E6%99%AE%E5%8D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="卡特琳娜·萨凯拉罗普卢">卡特琳娜·萨凯拉罗普卢</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E7%B4%84%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="韋約莎·奧斯曼尼">韋約莎·奧斯曼尼</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%83%C2%B7%E5%BD%AD%E8%BE%BE%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="斯特沃·彭达罗夫斯基">斯特沃·彭达罗夫斯基</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E4%B9%85%E5%8D%A1%E8%AB%BE%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87" title="米洛·久卡諾維奇">米洛·久卡諾維奇</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="克劳斯·约翰尼斯">克劳斯·约翰尼斯</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%AD%A6%E5%A5%91%E5%A5%87" title="亞歷山大·武契奇">亞歷山大·武契奇</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E9%B2%81%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94" title="博鲁特·帕霍尔">博鲁特·帕霍尔</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%82%91%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E4%BC%8A%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安">雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>人口 (2021) </th> <td>2,829,741 </td> <td>3,320,954 </td> <td>6,520,314 </td> <td>3,871,833 </td> <td>10,432,481 </td> <td>1,798,188 </td> <td>1,832,696 </td> <td>617,683 </td> <td>19,053,815 </td> <td>6,834,326 </td> <td>2,108,977 </td> <td>85,279,553 </td></tr> <tr> <th>面积 </th> <td>28,748 km² </td> <td>51,209 km² </td> <td>110,879 km² </td> <td>56,594 km² </td> <td>131,990 km² </td> <td>10,887 km² </td> <td>25,713 km² </td> <td>13,812 km² </td> <td>238,391 km² </td> <td>77,474 km² </td> <td>20,273 km² </td> <td>783,562 km² </td></tr> <tr> <th>人口密度 </th> <td>97/km² </td> <td>69/km² </td> <td>65/km² </td> <td>74/km² </td> <td>82/km² </td> <td>163/km² </td> <td>81/km² </td> <td>45/km² </td> <td>83/km² </td> <td>91/km² </td> <td>102/km² </td> <td>101/km² </td></tr> <tr> <th>水域覆盖率 % </th> <td>4.7% </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>2.16% </td> <td>1.1% </td> <td>0.99% </td> <td>1.0% </td> <td>1.09% </td> <td>2.61% </td> <td>2.97% </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>1.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th>GDP（名义）总量 (2022) </th> <td>$182.56 亿 </td> <td>$236.81 亿 </td> <td>$850.08 亿 </td> <td>$693.80 亿 </td> <td>$2220.08 亿 </td> <td>$92.42 亿 </td> <td>$141.01 亿 </td> <td>$61.27 亿 </td> <td>$2998.85 亿 </td> <td>$627.21 亿 </td> <td>$621.91 亿 </td> <td>$8534.87 亿 </td></tr> <tr> <th>人均GDP（名义） (2022) </th> <td>$17,858 </td> <td>$17,899 </td> <td>$29,178 </td> <td>$37,550 </td> <td>$36,466 </td> <td>$14,352 </td> <td>$19,783 </td> <td>$26,032 </td> <td>$38,097 </td> <td>$24,084 </td> <td>$49,968 </td> <td>$38,759 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%BC%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0" title="基尼系数">基尼系数</a> (2018<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </th> <td>34.3 </td> <td>33.0 </td> <td>36.0 </td> <td>32.0 </td> <td>36.7 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>43.2 </td> <td>33.2 </td> <td>27.3 </td> <td>29.7 </td> <td>25.6 </td> <td>39.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="人类发展指数">人类发展指数</a> (2021) </th> <td>0.796 (<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%81%94%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="發達國家">高</a>) </td> <td>0.780 (<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%81%94%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="發達國家">高</a>) </td> <td>0.795 (<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%81%94%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="發達國家">高</a>) </td> <td>0.858 (<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%81%94%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="發達國家">非常高</a>) </td> <td>0.887 (<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%81%94%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="發達國家">非常高</a>) </td> <td>0.786 (<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%81%94%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="發達國家">高</a>) </td> <td>0.770 (<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%81%94%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="發達國家">高</a>) </td> <td>0.832 (<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%81%94%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="發達國家">非常高</a>) </td> <td>0.821 (<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%81%94%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="發達國家">非常高</a>) </td> <td>0.802 (<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%81%94%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="發達國家">非常高</a>) </td> <td>0.918 (<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%81%94%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="發達國家">非常高</a>) </td> <td>0.838 (<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%81%94%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="發達國家">非常高</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th>国际 <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="国家地区代码">国家地区代码</a> </th> <td>.al </td> <td>.ba </td> <td>.bg </td> <td>.hr </td> <td>.gr </td> <td>.ks </td> <td>.mk </td> <td>.me </td> <td>.ro </td> <td>.rs </td> <td>.si </td> <td>.tr </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E5%8C%BA%E5%8F%B7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="国际电话区号列表">电话区号</a> </th> <td>+355 </td> <td>+387 </td> <td>+359 </td> <td>+385 </td> <td>+30 </td> <td>+383 </td> <td>+389 </td> <td>+382 </td> <td>+40 </td> <td>+381 </td> <td>+386 </td> <td>+90 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="词源和演变"><span id=".E8.AF.8D.E6.BA.90.E5.92.8C.E6.BC.94.E5.8F.98"></span>词源和演变</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：词源和演变"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“巴尔干”一词来自<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a>境内的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="巴尔干山">巴尔干山</a>，这个词可能来自土耳其语<span lang="tr"><i>balkan</i></span>，意为“林木茂密的山脉”。另一种说法是，这个词来自<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="波斯语">波斯语</a>"bālkāneh"或"bālākhāna"，意思是“高大宏伟的房子”。11到12世纪，<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="烏古斯">烏古斯</a>部落把这个词带进巴尔干地区，并用它作为地名。 <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="中亚">中亚</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼斯坦</a>至今有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E5%9D%8E%E5%B7%9E" title="巴爾坎州">巴尔坎州</a>，保留了这个词最早的用法。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>“巴尔干”一词第一次在西方出现是在1409年<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="人本主义">人本主义</a>作家和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%AE%98" title="外交官">外交官</a>Buonaccorsi Callimaco给<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E4%BE%9D%E8%AB%BE%E5%A2%9E%E7%88%B5%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="教宗依諾增爵八世">教宗依诺增爵八世</a>的信中，这个词被用来称呼<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a>境内的一座<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="山脉">山脉</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>英语旅行作家John Morritt在18世纪末把这个词引入<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>。其他同时代的作家在使用这个词时，往往指的是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%97%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%B5%B7" title="亚得里亚海">亚得里亚海</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>之间更广阔的区域。现代“巴尔干”的概念在1808年，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="地理學家">地理学家</a>August Zeune确立。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在此之前，现在的巴尔干半岛自古以来被称为“Haemus半岛”。 </p><p>地理学家使用这名词的本意是创造地理名词和<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利半岛">意大利半岛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="伊比利亚半岛">伊比利亚半岛</a>并列，并没有<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a>意涵。随着时间推移，巴尔干地区从19世纪晚期开始政治动荡，直到<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第一次世界大战">第一次世界大战</a>后，这里建立了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="南斯拉夫王国">南斯拉夫王国</a>，巴尔干一直是世界矛盾的焦点，这一术语逐渐带有<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%BC%98%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="地缘政治">地缘政治</a>意义。 </p><p>南斯拉夫在1991年6月解体，从此“巴尔干”一词开始带有负面意义，如“<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8C%96" title="巴尔干化">巴尔干化</a>”。南斯拉夫解体后，<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛文尼亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E4%BC%8A%E4%BC%8F%E4%B8%81%E9%82%A3" title="伏伊伏丁那">伏伊伏丁那</a>省的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a>人试图拒绝被看做巴尔干国家。<sup id="cite_ref-Lindstrom_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindstrom-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>部分由于20世纪90年代以来“巴尔干”一词带有的贬义，现在这一地区常被称为<b>东南欧</b>。斯洛文尼亚、克罗地亚可以被纳入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a>则可以被纳入<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="南欧">南欧</a>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Balkans.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Western_Balkans.PNG/220px-Western_Balkans.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Western_Balkans.PNG/330px-Western_Balkans.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Western_Balkans.PNG/440px-Western_Balkans.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1606" data-file-height="1494" /></a><figcaption>欧盟眼中的西巴尔干地区</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="东南欧"><span id=".E4.B8.9C.E5.8D.97.E6.AC.A7"></span>东南欧</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：东南欧"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>因为巴尔干国家不希望带有负面标签，现在“<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="东南欧">东南欧</a></b>”一词越来越频繁地被使用。然而这一词语本身代表一块更广大的地区，并不完全和“巴尔干地区”重合。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1999年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟">欧盟</a>把一份巴尔干问题相关的倡议书命名为《东南欧稳定公约》。一份在线报纸《巴尔干时报》在2003年重命名为《东南欧时报》。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="西巴尔干"><span id=".E8.A5.BF.E5.B7.B4.E5.B0.94.E5.B9.B2"></span>西巴尔干</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：西巴尔干"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>另一个被广泛使用的名词是“西巴尔干”。<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟">欧盟</a>各机构把<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a>和不包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛文尼亚</a>的前<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" title="南斯拉夫">南斯拉夫</a>地区称为“西巴尔干”。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="欧洲重建和发展银行">欧洲重建和发展银行</a>所指的“西巴尔干”是不包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a>的以上地区。<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>今天，“西巴尔干”带有更多政治意义，而非单纯的地理意义。一般泛指欧洲东南部没有加入欧盟的国家。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bgiusca_Jirecek_Line.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bgiusca_Jirecek_Line.jpg/220px-Bgiusca_Jirecek_Line.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bgiusca_Jirecek_Line.jpg/330px-Bgiusca_Jirecek_Line.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bgiusca_Jirecek_Line.jpg/440px-Bgiusca_Jirecek_Line.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>吉里西克线。一条假想的线划分出4世纪以前巴尔干地区受到的文化影响，这条线以南受希腊文化影响，以北受拉丁文化影响。</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="史前"><span id=".E5.8F.B2.E5.89.8D"></span>史前</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：史前"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根據在希臘和塞爾維亞等國家的考古發現，證明距今三十九萬年前至五十二萬年前，已經有舊石器時代先民在本地區生息繁衍. 巴尔干地区是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>最早接受<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E8%80%95" class="mw-redirect" title="農耕">农耕</a>文化的地方。新石器时代，农耕和<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%9C%E7%89%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="畜牧">畜牧</a>科技从<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%88%E6%B2%83%E5%9C%9F" title="新月沃土">新月沃土</a>通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%86%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="小亚细亚">小亚细亚</a>传到这里，并从巴尔干半岛向北传播到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a>。 </p><p>公元前3000年左右，使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" title="原始希臘語">原始希腊语</a>的部落率先在巴尔干半岛定居。公元前1000年，<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA" title="伊利里亚人">伊利里亚人</a>出现在现<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a>北部和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%97%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%B5%B7" title="亚得里亚海">亚得里亚海</a>沿岸。同时，达契亚人和<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="色雷斯人">色雷斯人</a>来到巴尔干，他们在东南欧和中欧一带活动。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>他们使用的色雷斯语属<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a>，在这个地区创造了辉煌的文明。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="希腊历史">希腊历史</a>中传说<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%BA" title="多利安人">多利安人</a>在公元前1200年到前800年入侵希腊各地，这段时期被称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E9%BB%91%E6%9A%97%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="希腊黑暗时代">希腊黑暗时代</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="几何艺术">几何艺术</a>时代。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古典时代"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E5.85.B8.E6.97.B6.E4.BB.A3"></span>古典时代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：古典时代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>公元前9到8世纪，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="古希腊">古希腊</a>文化在巴尔干半岛南部崛起，在前6到5世纪达到高峰。前5世纪，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯第一帝国">波斯第一帝国</a>入侵巴尔干，挑起<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="希波战争">希波战争</a>，目标是占领希腊，进军土地肥沃的欧洲。希腊人激烈反抗，把波斯人挡在巴尔干之外。前4世纪，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%8C%96%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="希臘化文明">希腊化文明</a>随着<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="亚历山大大帝">亚历山大大帝</a>的扩张流传到<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="马其顿王国">马其顿王国</a>各地，最遠至印度而止。到前4世纪末为止，希腊语言和文化统治了整个巴尔干，以至于全部地中海东翼。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollonia_Albania_1988.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Apollonia_Albania_1988.jpg/220px-Apollonia_Albania_1988.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Apollonia_Albania_1988.jpg/330px-Apollonia_Albania_1988.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Apollonia_Albania_1988.jpg/440px-Apollonia_Albania_1988.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1535" data-file-height="1025" /></a><figcaption>阿尔巴尼亚<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="费里市（页面不存在）">费里市</a>一处古希腊时代遗迹</figcaption></figure> <p>巴尔干的其他民族也建立起较大的部落联盟，如前5世纪色雷斯人建立的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%90%95%E8%90%A8%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥德吕萨帝国（页面不存在）">奥德吕萨帝国</a>，定都于现在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E6%89%8E%E6%88%88%E6%8B%89" title="舊扎戈拉">旧扎戈拉</a>。达契亚人、伊利里亚人、培奥尼亚人也都成立了部落联盟，受国王统治。 </p><p>巴尔干半岛的地位与它的地理位置息息相关，这里自古被看作是各种文化交汇的十字路口。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马帝国">罗马帝国</a>时期，这里是<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="希腊语">希腊语</a>过渡地区，也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="斯拉夫人">斯拉夫人</a>大举南迁的目的地；这里是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="东正教">东正教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>接触的地方，也是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>相遇的前线。 </p><p>公元前3世纪后期，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="伊利里亚">伊利里亚</a>王国经常袭击来往于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%97%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%B5%B7" title="亚得里亚海">亚得里亚海</a>的罗马商船，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="古羅馬共和國">古罗马共和国</a>以此为借口入侵巴尔干。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="伊利里亚战争">伊利里亚战争</a>使罗马获得<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E9%9B%B7%E7%89%B9%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="内雷特瓦河">内雷特瓦河</a>河谷，也压制住了亚得里亚海的海盗。前168年，罗马擒获伊利里亚国王，开始在巴尔干的统治。 </p><p>罗马最初在巴尔干扶植了四个附属共和国，后来这里被改为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马帝国行省">罗马帝国行省</a>。前168年，罗马利用希腊内战的机会击败马其顿王国，成为巴尔干地区实质上的统治者。原希腊领土被分割为三个省：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81" title="马其顿行省">马其顿行省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%A5%E4%BA%9A_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81)" title="亚该亚 (罗马行省)">亚该亚 (罗马行省)</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%BA%87%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF" class="mw-disambig" title="伊庇鲁斯">伊庇鲁斯</a>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_provinces_of_Illyricum,_Macedonia,_Dacia,_Moesia,_Pannonia_and_Thracia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Roman_provinces_of_Illyricum%2C_Macedonia%2C_Dacia%2C_Moesia%2C_Pannonia_and_Thracia.jpg/400px-Roman_provinces_of_Illyricum%2C_Macedonia%2C_Dacia%2C_Moesia%2C_Pannonia_and_Thracia.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Roman_provinces_of_Illyricum%2C_Macedonia%2C_Dacia%2C_Moesia%2C_Pannonia_and_Thracia.jpg/600px-Roman_provinces_of_Illyricum%2C_Macedonia%2C_Dacia%2C_Moesia%2C_Pannonia_and_Thracia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Roman_provinces_of_Illyricum%2C_Macedonia%2C_Dacia%2C_Moesia%2C_Pannonia_and_Thracia.jpg/800px-Roman_provinces_of_Illyricum%2C_Macedonia%2C_Dacia%2C_Moesia%2C_Pannonia_and_Thracia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2817" data-file-height="2284" /></a><figcaption>西罗马帝国统治下的巴尔干各省</figcaption></figure> <p>从公元2世纪开始，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="古羅馬文化">古罗马文化</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a>进入巴尔干半岛，拉丁化的巴尔干成为罗马帝国最繁荣稳定的地区。但古希腊文化仍然主导着巴尔干南部。罗马人把<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%9A%E7%9A%AE%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗多皮山脉（页面不存在）">罗多皮山脉</a>当做半岛的北边界，这一界限大体上分割开希腊和罗马文化的影响范围。后来这被称作吉里西克线。<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>罗马帝国在三世纪出现各种<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="三世紀危機">政治和经济危机</a>，在巴尔干的边防线大大削弱。巴尔干的军事地位突显出来，涌现了很多战争英雄、执政官和帝国皇帝。<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="君士坦丁大帝">君士坦丁大帝</a>稳定了局面，之後狄奧多西帝將帝國以亞得里亞海為界，以東為東羅馬，以西為西羅馬。然而随后发生<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%81%E5%BE%99" class="mw-redirect" title="欧洲民族大迁徙">欧洲民族大迁徙</a>。随着<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E4%BA%BA" title="匈人">匈人</a>入侵欧洲，北方<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%AE%E6%97%8F" title="蛮族">蛮族</a>以和平或暴力的方式涌入巴尔干。在罗马帝国最后的几十年里，巴尔干地区成为侵略者西进意大利的跳板。这里也成了罗马人、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="哥特人">哥特人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E4%BA%BA" title="匈人">匈人</a>签订条约与军事演习的地方。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中世纪"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E4.B8.96.E7.BA.AA"></span>中世纪</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：中世纪"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗马帝国在中世紀（页面不存在）">罗马帝国在中世紀</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="南部斯拉夫民族">南部斯拉夫民族</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsarevets.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Tsarevets.JPG/220px-Tsarevets.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Tsarevets.JPG/330px-Tsarevets.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Tsarevets.JPG/440px-Tsarevets.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>前<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第一帝国">保加利亚帝国</a>首都<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%BA%E6%B2%83" title="大特尔诺沃">大特尔诺沃</a>里一处中世纪据点。</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="斯拉夫人">斯拉夫人</a>在6世纪到达半岛，并同化当地人。很快，他们就完全取代了巴尔干北部和中部的旧居民。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>，巴尔干成了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬帝國中世紀時期（页面不存在）">羅馬帝國中世紀時期</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第一帝国">保加利亚帝国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="塞尔维亚帝国">塞尔维亚帝国</a>征战不休的舞台。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="奥斯曼帝国"><span id=".E5.A5.A5.E6.96.AF.E6.9B.BC.E5.B8.9D.E5.9B.BD"></span>奥斯曼帝国</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：奥斯曼帝国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E6%89%A9%E5%BC%A0" title="奥斯曼帝国的扩张">奥斯曼帝国的扩张</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkans_Animation_1800-2008.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Balkans_Animation_1800-2008.gif/210px-Balkans_Animation_1800-2008.gif" decoding="async" width="210" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Balkans_Animation_1800-2008.gif/315px-Balkans_Animation_1800-2008.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Balkans_Animation_1800-2008.gif/420px-Balkans_Animation_1800-2008.gif 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="618" /></a><figcaption>1796~2008年期間巴尔干政治權力變換 (動畫)。</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="中世纪晚期">中世纪晚期</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="突厥人">突厥人</a>建立的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥斯曼帝国">奥斯曼帝国</a>崛起，控制势力从<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%86%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="小亚细亚">小亚细亚</a>发展到<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="色雷斯">色雷斯</a>，再扩张到巴尔干半岛。到16世纪末，奥斯曼帝国已经是巴尔干地区最大的势力。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="奥斯曼土耳其人">奥斯曼土耳其人</a>以强制手段同化非穆斯林人，在巴尔干地区制造了数起大屠杀。<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这一时期，巴尔干人口大幅下降，但当地人仍然坚持保留自己的文化传统。很多巴尔干人，无论来自哪个种族，都把抗击奥斯曼帝国的名人看做最重要的民族英雄。<sup id="cite_ref-Considered_a_Bulgarian_in_Bulgaria_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Considered_a_Bulgarian_in_Bulgaria-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_ruined_gateway_of_Prince_Eugene,_Belgrade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/The_ruined_gateway_of_Prince_Eugene%2C_Belgrade.jpg/220px-The_ruined_gateway_of_Prince_Eugene%2C_Belgrade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/The_ruined_gateway_of_Prince_Eugene%2C_Belgrade.jpg/330px-The_ruined_gateway_of_Prince_Eugene%2C_Belgrade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/The_ruined_gateway_of_Prince_Eugene%2C_Belgrade.jpg/440px-The_ruined_gateway_of_Prince_Eugene%2C_Belgrade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption>1865年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="塞尔维亚公国">塞尔维亚公国</a>首都<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%E8%8E%B1%E5%BE%B7" title="贝尔格莱德">贝尔格莱德</a>街景</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do,_Orao,_1877.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do%2C_Orao%2C_1877.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do%2C_Orao%2C_1877.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do%2C_Orao%2C_1877.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do%2C_Orao%2C_1877.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do%2C_Orao%2C_1877.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do%2C_Orao%2C_1877.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E9%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="波黑">波黑</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="黑塞哥维那">黑塞哥維那</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥斯曼帝国">奥斯曼帝国</a>的战争，1876年</figcaption></figure> <p>在过去的几个世纪中，由于围绕着奥斯曼帝国的冲突多发生于巴尔干，加上欧洲经济和政治重心逐渐从<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%86%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="小亚细亚">小亚细亚</a>转移到<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" title="大西洋">大西洋</a>沿岸，巴尔干地区与主流经济发展隔离，成为欧洲最欠发达的地区。据估计16世纪末巴尔干人口最高峰时有8百万人，到18世纪中期，这里只剩下3百万人。这一估算与当时奥斯曼的书面记载相符。<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>大部分现有的巴尔干<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="民族国家">民族国家</a>出现于19世纪到20世纪初。他们分别从<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥斯曼帝国">奥斯曼帝国</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥匈帝国">奥匈帝国</a>独立后，成为独立国家。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="希臘王國">希腊王國</a>于1829年独立，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3)" title="塞尔维亚王国 (近代)">塞尔维亚王國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞王國">保加利亚王國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="黑山王国">蒙特內哥羅王國</a>在1878年独立，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">罗马尼亚</a>在1878年独立，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a>在1912年独立，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="南斯拉夫王國">塞爾維亞人、克羅埃西亞人和斯洛維尼亞人王國</a>1918年独立(於1929年改名南斯拉夫王國，由今日的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克羅埃西亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞爾維亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">蒙特內哥羅</a>組成)。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20世纪"><span id="20.E4.B8.96.E7.BA.AA"></span>20世纪</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：20世纪"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="巴尔干战争"><span id=".E5.B7.B4.E5.B0.94.E5.B9.B2.E6.88.98.E4.BA.89"></span>巴尔干战争</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：巴尔干战争"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第一次巴尔干战争">第一次巴尔干战争</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第二次巴尔干战争">第二次巴尔干战争</a></div> <p>1912到1913年，四个<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="东正教">东正教</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="民族国家">民族国家</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亚王国">保加利亚王国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3)" title="塞尔维亚王国 (近代)">塞尔维亚王国 (近代)</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="希腊王国">希腊王国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="黑山王国">黑山王国</a>组成<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E5%B9%B9%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="巴爾幹同盟">巴尔干同盟</a>，一起对抗奥斯曼帝国，史称<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第一次巴尔干战争">第一次巴尔干战争</a>。战争结束后，奥斯曼帝国在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>残存的领土都被同盟拿下并瓜分。这件事也促成了<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a>民族国家的独立。 </p><p>尽管战场上取得了成功，参战国家对战利品瓜分不满。为了争夺对<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="马其顿王国">马其顿王国</a>的统治权，保加利亚向盟友塞尔维亚和希腊宣战。在罗马尼亚的帮助下，塞尔维亚和希腊大获全胜，希腊军队侵入保加利亚本土，保加利亚国王投降。奥斯曼帝国利用这个机会夺回<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="色雷斯">色雷斯</a>东部，确立了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a>今天的西国境线。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="第一次世界大战"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E6.AC.A1.E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E5.A4.A7.E6.88.98"></span>第一次世界大战</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：第一次世界大战"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E7%83%AD%E7%AA%9D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="萨拉热窝事件">萨拉热窝事件</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E5%B9%B9%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="巴爾幹戰役 (第一次世界大戰)">巴尔干战役 (第一次世界大战)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hromadn%C3%A1_poprava_srbsk%C3%A9ho_obyvatelstva.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Hromadn%C3%A1_poprava_srbsk%C3%A9ho_obyvatelstva.jpg/220px-Hromadn%C3%A1_poprava_srbsk%C3%A9ho_obyvatelstva.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Hromadn%C3%A1_poprava_srbsk%C3%A9ho_obyvatelstva.jpg/330px-Hromadn%C3%A1_poprava_srbsk%C3%A9ho_obyvatelstva.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Hromadn%C3%A1_poprava_srbsk%C3%A9ho_obyvatelstva.jpg/440px-Hromadn%C3%A1_poprava_srbsk%C3%A9ho_obyvatelstva.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="一战">一战</a>中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥匈帝国">奥匈帝国</a>軍隊在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a>屠杀平民，1914年。</figcaption></figure> <p>1914年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第一次世界大战">第一次世界大战</a>在巴尔干打响。以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="塞尔维亚人">塞尔维亚人</a>为主、倾向于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉夫民族主义（页面不存在）">斯拉夫民族主义</a>的革命组织“黑手”在<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E7%83%AD%E7%AA%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="萨拉热窝">萨拉热窝</a>刺杀了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥匈帝国">奥匈帝国</a>王位继承人<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="斐迪南大公">斐迪南大公</a>。奥匈帝国当即向塞尔维亚宣战，由于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E7%BA%A6%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="协约国">协约国</a>连锁反应，全世界被拉入战争。之后不久，奥斯曼帝国加入<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9B%BD_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98)" class="mw-redirect" title="同盟国 (第一次世界大战)">同盟国</a>阵营，成为这一联盟的三大帝国之一。次年保加利亚也加入同盟国，在塞尔维亚忙于抵抗北面的奥匈帝国时予以夹击。随着塞尔维亚被击溃，协约国派远征军进入巴尔干半岛支援，并如愿以偿地建立起<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93%E6%88%B0%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="馬其頓戰線">马其顿战线</a>。这是第一次世界大战的第三条战线，很快和其他战线一样进入胶着状态。 </p><p>三年后的1918年，希腊加入协约国阵营参战。这终于打破了一战中期的拉锯状态，促使德国-保加利亚战线崩溃。保加利亚退出战争，奥匈帝国内忧外患，孤掌难鸣，第一次世界大战结束。<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>奥匈帝国瓦解。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="第二次世界大战"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E6.AC.A1.E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E5.A4.A7.E6.88.98"></span>第二次世界大战</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：第二次世界大战"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E5%B9%B9%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="巴爾幹戰役">巴尔干战役</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>开始时，除希腊以外的所有巴尔干国家都与<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="纳粹德国">纳粹德国</a>关系良好，或者有双边军事协定，或者加入了<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%B4%E5%BF%83%E5%9B%BD" title="轴心国">轴心国</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(1861%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利王國 (1861–1946)">意大利王国</a>通过其保护国阿尔巴尼亚入侵希腊，点燃<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%84%8F%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="希意戰爭">希意战争</a>，把战火燃烧到巴尔干半岛。希腊全民英勇抵抗，不但击溃了意大利的进攻，还进入意大利占领的阿尔巴尼亚地区。这导致德国出兵支援其在巴尔干的盟友。<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>德国进军巴尔干几天前，中立的军事人员在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%E8%8E%B1%E5%BE%B7" title="贝尔格莱德">贝尔格莱德</a>制造一起政变，成功推翻<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="南斯拉夫王国">南斯拉夫王国</a>親德的彼得二世。<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>虽然新政府愿意继续履行轴心国成员的义务，德国仍然决定干预。<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>德国和義大利拉攏了本地区的两个盟友，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亚王国">保加利亚王國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(1920%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="匈牙利王国 (1920–1946)">匈牙利王國</a>，同时入侵希腊和南斯拉夫。称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="希臘戰役">希腊战役</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="入侵南斯拉夫之戰">入侵南斯拉夫之战</a>。南斯拉夫的保皇党和克罗地亚籍军事单位哗变，导致该国顷刻瓦解。<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>希腊人坚决抵抗侵略，但坚持战斗两个月后，不敌德意军隊被占领。这两个国家被分成五份，德国、意大利、匈牙利、保加利亚各占一份；另外建立新独立国家：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="克罗地亚独立国">克罗地亚独立国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E6%95%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="塞爾維亞救國政府">塞爾維亞救國政府</a>。 </p><p>在德國和意大利占领期间，巴尔干人遭受了<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%97" title="种族清洗">种族清洗</a>政策、暴力镇压和饥饿。在艰难的生活下，当地人组织起多个大规模抵抗运动。<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>被占领的第一个冬天酷寒而漫长，成千上万的人死于饥寒。同时德国被巴尔干地区牵制，进攻苏联的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E7%BD%97%E8%90%A8%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="巴巴罗萨行动">巴巴罗萨行动</a>不得不延后，导致了灾难性后果。<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这对二战的结果产生关键性影响。<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1944年3月匈牙利因密謀停戰被德國佔領；8月羅馬尼亞在蘇聯軍隊國內攻入時<a href="/wiki/1944%E5%B9%B4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="1944年罗马尼亚政变">政變</a>，退出了軸心國；9月保加利亞也發生了和羅馬尼亞一樣的政變，由蘇軍支持的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="保加利亚共产党">保加利亞共產黨</a>政變，保加利亞王室被推翻。就是這樣<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>占领了匈牙利、罗马尼亚和保加利亚。德国的战时剥削给巴尔干国家，例如南斯拉夫、希臘和匈牙利，造成很大破坏。但由于战后德国被分裂成两个国家，东西德政府都成功地在法律上避免支付任何赔偿，也没有偿还在被占领国家强制夺取的贷款。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="冷战"><span id=".E5.86.B7.E6.88.98"></span>冷战</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：冷战"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Srebrenica_massacre_memorial_gravestones_2009_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Srebrenica_massacre_memorial_gravestones_2009_1.jpg/220px-Srebrenica_massacre_memorial_gravestones_2009_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Srebrenica_massacre_memorial_gravestones_2009_1.jpg/330px-Srebrenica_massacre_memorial_gravestones_2009_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Srebrenica_massacre_memorial_gravestones_2009_1.jpg/440px-Srebrenica_massacre_memorial_gravestones_2009_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2254" data-file-height="1338" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%9B%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%BC%E5%AF%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80" title="斯雷布雷尼察大屠杀">斯雷布雷尼察大屠杀</a>纪念碑。</figcaption></figure> <p>尽管仍然由共产党领导，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="南斯拉夫社会主义联邦共和国">南斯拉夫社会主义联邦共和国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a>分别在1948和1961年脱离了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>控制的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E6%B2%99%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" class="mw-disambig" title="華沙公約">華沙公約</a>。受<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E8%8C%B2%C2%B7%E7%8B%84%E6%89%98" class="mw-redirect" title="約瑟普·布羅茲·狄托">狄托</a>领导的南斯拉夫首先对苏联强硬起来，然后又拒绝了与保加利亚合并的建议。他转而与反共的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="西方世界">西方世界</a>建立更密切的关系，后来又与<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>一起发起<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%BB%93%E7%9B%9F%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="不结盟运动">不结盟运动</a>。另一方面，阿尔巴尼亚则投向中国，后来采取<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A4%E7%AB%8B%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="孤立主义">孤立主义</a>立场。 </p><p>作为巴尔干唯二非共产主义国家，歷經內戰後的希腊和土耳其加入了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="北约">北约</a>组织（现在仍是），坚守北约的东南翼及黑海的出口。另外希臘於1981年成為當時唯一加入<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲聯盟">歐洲聯盟</a>的巴爾幹半島國家，由於地理因素，希臘長期孤懸在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲聯盟">歐洲聯盟</a>之外直至2007年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞">保加利亞</a>加入歐盟才結束地理上的孤立狀態。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="冷战后"><span id=".E5.86.B7.E6.88.98.E5.90.8E"></span>冷战后</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：冷战后"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>冷战结束后的1990年代，西巴尔干地区受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" title="南斯拉夫內戰">南斯拉夫内战</a>的严重影响。斯洛文尼亚和克罗地亚最先举行自由选举，两国人民投票大比数支持独立。但是支持南斯拉夫联邦政权的塞尔维亚宣布，解散联盟是违反宪法行为。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D" title="南斯拉夫人民軍">南斯拉夫人民军</a>和斯洛文尼亚边防军爆发<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%97%A5%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD_(%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E)" title="十日戰爭 (斯洛文尼亞)">十日战争</a>，以斯洛文尼亚成功独立告终。两国于1991年6月26日宣布独立，斯洛文尼亚在当年10月脱离战火，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="克羅埃西亞戰爭">克罗地亚战争</a>持续到1995年。这是因为克罗地亚和塞尔维亚领土相连，并且克罗地亚国内有10%以上塞族人。 </p><p>在随后接近10年的武装冲突中，这一地区所有的共和国逐渐完成独立过程。其中最惨烈的事件发生于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="波士尼亞戰爭">波士尼亚战争</a>。长久的战争导致联合国军事介入。1995年，北约地面和空中部队对<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那</a>的塞族武装发动<a href="/wiki/1995%E5%B9%B4%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E8%BD%B0%E7%82%B8%E6%B3%A2%E9%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="1995年北约轰炸波黑">地面和空中攻击</a>。<a href="/wiki/1999%E5%B9%B4%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E8%BD%B0%E7%82%B8%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="1999年北约轰炸南斯拉夫">1999年北约轰炸南斯拉夫</a>（包括科索沃），南斯拉夫解体分裂战争正式结束。 </p><p>从南斯拉夫分裂出六个受到国际承认的主权共和国：包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛文尼亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="马其顿共和国">马其顿共和国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="黑山">黑山</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a>在联合国管理下，2008年当地的阿尔巴尼亚人政府<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="科索沃宣布独立事件">宣布独立</a>，世界各国在承認科索沃是否為主权国家的问题上还没达成最终共识，不过近年承认科索沃主权地位的国家有增无減，而塞尔维亚官方至今仍然把科索沃看做塞尔维亚国內其中一个自治省（即<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83%E5%92%8C%E6%A2%85%E6%89%98%E5%B8%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E7%9C%81" title="科索沃和梅托希亚自治省">科索沃和梅托希亚自治省</a>），但現階段塞国已放棄了武力奪回科索沃主權計劃，主张以和平手段来否定科索沃独立的事实。虽然科索沃独立至今仍有不少联合国成员国拒绝承认科索沃主权，但是绝大多数<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="北约">北约</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟">欧盟</a>国家以及阿尔巴尼亚都已正式承认科索沃独立。 </p><p>战争结束后，塞尔维亚的反对党发起人民革命，推翻了南斯拉夫联盟的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E8%A3%81%E8%80%85" title="獨裁者">獨裁者</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E5%8D%9A%E4%B8%B9%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E6%B4%9B%E8%88%8D%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87" title="斯洛博丹·米洛舍维奇">斯洛博丹·米洛舍维奇</a>，並设立民主多党制选举，塞尔维亚正式由独裁政治走向民主政治。米洛舍维奇随后因在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" title="南斯拉夫內戰">南斯拉夫内战</a>中违反<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%BA%BA%E9%81%93%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="国际人道法">国际人道法</a>被送上<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" title="前南斯拉夫问题国际刑事法庭">前南斯拉夫问题国际刑事法庭</a>。不过2006年，由于米洛舍维奇因心脏病猝死于荷兰海牙法庭的狱中，因此其罪行无法得到海牙法庭判決。 </p><p>2001年，马其顿共和国內的阿尔巴尼亚人发生群众暴动，强迫该国给予阿族人占主体的地区地方自治权，现在阿族已与马其顿政府达成和平协议，双方和平共处。另外随着南斯拉夫解体，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE" title="马其顿名称争议">马其顿名称争议</a>开始浮现出来。过去作为南斯拉夫联邦的一部分，这一块地区独立後被命名为马其顿共和国，后来于1991年宣布独立。但希腊境内有一块更大的区域同样被称为<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF_(%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A)" title="马其顿 (希腊)">马其顿</a>，因此反对这一名词被用来标示一个单独的国家或民族。联合国介入争议后，马其顿遂以「前南斯拉夫马其顿共和国」身分加入联合国。由于马其顿命名争端，2008年，希腊公开反对马其顿加入北约。2018年6月，两国就这一争端进行过多次协商，并达成一致意见——马其顿共和国将更名为「北马其顿共和国」<sup id="cite_ref-:0_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，2019年2月12日，馬其頓共和國正式更名為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="北馬其頓共和國">北馬其頓共和國</a>。 </p><p>自2000年代以来，所有巴尔干国家的政府都亲近欧盟和美国。当中在冷战时期为资本主义国家的希腊早在1981年以来已成为欧盟成员国；而冷战後以来原本受共产政权统治的前南斯拉夫和其他巴尔干國家紛紛投靠北约和欧盟，斯洛文尼亚在2004年成为欧盟成员国；保加利亚和罗马尼亚于2007年成为欧盟成员国；克罗地亚于2013年成为欧盟成员国。现时尚未成为欧盟成员国餘下的巴尔干国家包括土耳其、马其顿、波黑、阿尔巴尼亚、黑山、馬其顿、塞尔维亚都被接纳为欧盟候选国（科索沃因为其主权地位未受到西方社会以外的国家广泛承认而尚未被接纳为欧盟候选国）。另外截至2009年4月，阿尔巴尼亚、保加利亚、克罗地亚、罗马尼亚和斯洛文尼亚也同时是北约成员国。<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="塞尔维亚和黑山">塞尔维亚和黑山</a>联盟也与欧盟围绕“稳定与联合协定”进行谈判。起初谈判开始不久，塞黑联盟因在<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" title="前南斯拉夫问题国际刑事法庭">前南斯拉夫问题国际刑事法庭</a>上的不合作态度被暂停谈判进程。不过自从塞黑联盟在2006年解体後，独立出来的塞尔维亚或黑山政府双方皆表示会接受该谈判的內容，這对促进巴尔干地区国家和平及互相合作有很大作用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="资源"><span id=".E8.B5.84.E6.BA.90"></span>资源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：资源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>有<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%81%B0%E5%B2%A9" title="石灰岩">石灰岩</a>地形，有森林、煤、铜、石油等资源。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人口"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3"></span>人口</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：人口"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkans_ethnic_map_(1992).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Balkans_ethnic_map_%281992%29.jpg/250px-Balkans_ethnic_map_%281992%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Balkans_ethnic_map_%281992%29.jpg/375px-Balkans_ethnic_map_%281992%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Balkans_ethnic_map_%281992%29.jpg/500px-Balkans_ethnic_map_%281992%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1639" data-file-height="1456" /></a><figcaption>巴爾幹半島的民族</figcaption></figure> <p>巴爾幹半島上的主要民族包括： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="羅馬尼亞人">羅馬尼亞人</a>（約1890萬）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E4%BA%BA" title="希臘人">希臘人</a>（約1030萬）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="土耳其人">土耳其人</a>（約1000萬）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="塞爾維亞族">塞爾維亞人</a>（約800萬）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="保加利亞人">保加利亞人</a>（約600萬）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾巴尼亞族">阿爾巴尼亞人</a>（約500萬）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="克羅埃西亞人">克羅埃西亞人</a>（約400萬）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="波士尼亞克人">波斯尼亞人</a>（約350萬）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E7%B6%AD%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="斯洛維尼亞人">斯洛維尼亞人</a>（約180萬）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E4%BA%BA" title="马其顿人">馬其頓人</a>（約180萬）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E4%BA%BA" title="蒙特內哥羅人">蒙特內哥羅人</a>（約60萬）</li> <li>其他（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="羅姆人">羅姆人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太人">猶太人</a>等）</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>巴爾幹半島國家主要語言、文字與宗教 </caption> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">國家 </td> <td colspan="5" align="center">語言 </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">文字 </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">主要宗教 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">語系 </td> <td align="center">語族 </td> <td align="center">語支 </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">語言 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></td> <td rowspan="11"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="印歐語系">印歐語系</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="羅曼語族">羅曼語族</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="羅曼語族">東羅曼語支</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞語">羅馬尼亞語</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a></td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="斯拉夫語族">斯拉夫語族</a></td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="南斯拉夫語支">南斯拉夫語支</a></td> <td rowspan="2">東部亞語支</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞語">保加利亞語</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="西里爾字母">西里爾字母</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬其頓語">馬其頓語</a> <sup class="reference" id="ref_A"><a href="#endnote_A">[A]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a></td> <td rowspan="5">西部亞語支</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E7%B6%AD%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯洛維尼亞語">斯洛維尼亞語</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="克羅埃西亞語">克羅埃西亞語</a><sup class="reference" id="ref_A"><a href="#endnote_A">[A]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波黑</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波士尼亞語">波士尼亞語</a><sup class="reference" id="ref_A"><a href="#endnote_A">[A]</a></sup></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="西里爾字母">西里爾字母</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/22px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/33px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/44px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">蒙特內哥羅</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="黑山語">黑山語</a><sup class="reference" id="ref_A"><a href="#endnote_A">[A]</a></sup></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞爾維亞</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="塞爾維亞語">塞爾維亞語</a><sup class="reference" id="ref_A"><a href="#endnote_A">[A]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a> <sup class="reference" id="ref_B"><a href="#endnote_B">[B]</a></sup></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾巴尼亞語">阿爾巴尼亞語族</a></td> <td colspan="3" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾巴尼亞語">阿爾巴尼亞語</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語族</a></td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘字母">希臘字母</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a> <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_C"><a href="#ref_C"><b><sup>C</sup></b></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="突厥語系">突厥語系</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="突厥語族">突厥語族</a></td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="土耳其語">土耳其語</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_A"><a href="#ref_A"><b><sup>A</sup></b></a></span> 過去合稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E-%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="塞爾維亞-克羅埃西亞語">塞爾維亞-克羅埃西亞語</a> <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_B"><a href="#ref_B"><b><sup>B</sup></b></a></span> 未獲國際社會廣泛承認 <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_C"><a href="#ref_C"><b><sup>C</sup></b></a></span> 土耳其歐洲部分的東<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="色雷斯">色雷斯</a>地區屬於巴爾幹半島 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="巴尔干学">巴尔干学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8C%96" title="巴尔干化">巴尔干化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="巴尔干战争">巴尔干戰爭</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“巴尔干半岛”译自英文，最早见于1898年由维新派在日本创办的刊物《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%AE%AE%E6%8A%A5" title="清议报">清议报</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cihai.com.cn/detail?q=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&docId=5544469&docLibId=72">辞海网络版 - 巴尔干半岛</a>. www.cihai.com.cn. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-03-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240308044731/https://www.cihai.com.cn/detail?q=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&docId=5544469&docLibId=72">存档</a>于2024-03-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.atitle=%E8%BE%9E%E6%B5%B7%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%89%88+-+%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cihai.com.cn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cihai.com.cn%2Fdetail%3Fq%3D%25E5%25B7%25B4%25E5%25B0%2594%25E5%25B9%25B2%25E5%258D%258A%25E5%25B2%259B%26docId%3D5544469%26docLibId%3D72&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">黄河清. 近现代汉语辞源. 上海辞书出版社. 2020: 25. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5326-5403-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5326-5403-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-5326-5403-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.au=%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E6%B8%85&rft.btitle=%E8%BF%91%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%BE%9E%E6%BA%90&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-5326-5403-1&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%BE%9E%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">據伊麗莎白·柯斯托娃的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="小說">小說</a>《[歷史學家 (小說)|歷史學家]》，巴爾幹半島在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="土耳其語">土耳其語</a>中有「山」之意。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jel01-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jel01_5-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jel01_5-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jel01_5-2"><sup><b>4.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jelavich, Barbara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=qR4EeOrTm-0C&printsec=frontcover">History of the Balkans: Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1983: 1. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-27458-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-27458-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-521-27458-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.aulast=Jelavich&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Balkans%3A+Eighteenth+and+nineteenth+centuries&rft.date=1983&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-27458-6&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DqR4EeOrTm-0C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9110555/Balkans">britannica.com</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080620070956/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9110555/Balkans">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761567023/Balkan_Peninsula.html">encarta.msn.com</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20091028062442/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761567023/Balkan_Peninsula.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）( 2009-10-31); <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/65/ba/BalkanPe.html">The Columbia Encyclopedia</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080807170148/http://bartleby.com/65/ba/BalkanPe.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2008-08-07..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tin51-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tin51_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tintero, Felipa L.; Felicitas R. Manacsa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=jsnlxH9nnn4C&printsec=frontcover">World Geography Affected by World Upheavals</a>. Goodwill Trading Co., Inc. : 51. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/971-574-041-3" title="Special:网络书源/971-574-041-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 971-574-041-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.aufirst=Felipa+L.&rft.aulast=Tintero&rft.btitle=World+Geography+Affected+by+World+Upheavals&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=971-574-041-3&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Goodwill+Trading+Co.%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DjsnlxH9nnn4C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bideleux, Robert; Taylor, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.fr/books?id=bigd3Z2JA4EC&pg=PA249">European integration and disintegration: east and west</a>. 1996: 249/298 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-08-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723105608/http://books.google.fr/books?id=bigd3Z2JA4EC&pg=PA249">存档</a>于2013-07-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Bideleux&rft.btitle=European+integration+and+disintegration%3A+east+and+west&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=249%2F298&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbigd3Z2JA4EC%26pg%3DPA249&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">By Ljiljana Saric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.fr/books?id=8vFeeIodS-AC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=slovenia+not+part+of+balkans&hl=en">Contesting Europe's Eastern Rim</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-08-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723105622/http://books.google.fr/books?id=8vFeeIodS-AC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=slovenia+not+part+of+balkans&hl=en">存档</a>于2013-07-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.au=By+Ljiljana+Saric&rft.btitle=Contesting+Europe%27s+Eastern+Rim&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8vFeeIodS-AC%26pg%3DPA56%26lpg%3DPA56%26dq%3Dslovenia%2Bnot%2Bpart%2Bof%2Bbalkans%26hl%3Den&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Robert Bideleux, Ian Jeffries. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.si/books?id=5jrHOKsU9pEC&lpg=PA21&dq=slovenia%20balkans%20included&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q=slovenia%20balkans%20included&f=false">The Balkans: A Post-Communist History</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-08-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723124205/http://books.google.si/books?id=5jrHOKsU9pEC&lpg=PA21&dq=slovenia%20balkans%20included&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q=slovenia%20balkans%20included&f=false">存档</a>于2013-07-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.au=Robert+Bideleux%2C+Ian+Jeffries&rft.btitle=The+Balkans%3A+A+Post-Communist+History&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.si%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5jrHOKsU9pEC%26lpg%3DPA21%26dq%3Dslovenia%2520balkans%2520included%26pg%3DPA21%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dslovenia%2520balkans%2520included%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%B6%E5%85%A5%E5%9D%87%E8%A1%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="各国收入均衡列表">基尼系数</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Marii͡a Nikolaeva Todorova. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=-EuFwLQhvYMC&pg=PA27&dq=balkans+etymology+persian&hl=en&ei=Xgm4TqebCpSy8QORstjoBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=balkans%20etymology%20persian&f=false">Imagining the Balkans</a>. Oxford University Press. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-08-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602140300/http://books.google.com/books?id=-EuFwLQhvYMC&pg=PA27&dq=balkans+etymology+persian&hl=en&ei=Xgm4TqebCpSy8QORstjoBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=balkans%20etymology%20persian&f=false">存档</a>于2013-06-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.au=Marii%CD%A1a+Nikolaeva+Todorova&rft.btitle=Imagining+the+Balkans&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-EuFwLQhvYMC%26pg%3DPA27%26dq%3Dbalkans%2Betymology%2Bpersian%26hl%3Den%26ei%3DXgm4TqebCpSy8QORstjoBA%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D1%26ved%3D0CCwQ6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dbalkans%2520etymology%2520persian%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080228223148/http://land.worldcitydb.com/balkhan_mountains_3522246.html">Balkhan Mountains.</a>. World Land Features Database. Land.WorldCityDB.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-03-31</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://land.worldcitydb.com/balkhan_mountains_3522246.html">原始内容</a>存档于2008-02-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.atitle=Balkhan+Mountains.&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Land+Features+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fland.worldcitydb.com%2Fbalkhan_mountains_3522246.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Todorova, Maria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/imaginingbalkans00todo">Imagining the Balkans</a>. Oxford University Press US. 2009: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/imaginingbalkans00todo/page/22">22</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-19-538786-4" title="Special:网络书源/0-19-538786-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-19-538786-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.aulast=Todorova&rft.btitle=Imagining+the+Balkans&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-19-538786-4&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+US&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimaginingbalkans00todo&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Pavic, Silvia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.about.com/library/misc/ucbalkans.htm">Some Thoughts About The Balkans.</a>. About, Inc. 2000-11-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-03-31</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080228230925/http://geography.about.com/library/misc/ucbalkans.htm">存档</a>于2008-02-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.aufirst=Silvia&rft.aulast=Pavic&rft.btitle=Some+Thoughts+About+The+Balkans.&rft.date=2000-11-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=About%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.about.com%2Flibrary%2Fmisc%2Fucbalkans.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lindstrom-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lindstrom_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lindstrom, Nicole. Between Europe and the Balkans: Mapping Slovenia and Croatia's 'Return to Europe' in the 1990s. Dialectical Anthropology. 2003, <b>27</b> (3–4): 313–329. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FB%3ADIAL.0000006189.45297.9e"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1023/B:DIAL.0000006189.45297.9e</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.atitle=Between+Europe+and+the+Balkans%3A+Mapping+Slovenia+and+Croatia%27s+%27Return+to+Europe%27+in+the+1990s&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft.aulast=Lindstrom&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.jtitle=Dialectical+Anthropology&rft.pages=313-329&rft.volume=27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FB%3ADIAL.0000006189.45297.9e&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bideleux, Robert; Ian Jeffries. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=PTB0gn_qwTcC&printsec=frontcover">A history of Eastern Europe</a>. Taylor & Francis. 2007: 37. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-36627-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-36627-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-415-36627-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Bideleux&rft.btitle=A+history+of+Eastern+Europe&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-415-36627-4&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DPTB0gn_qwTcC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409004701/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/balkans_communication/western_balkans_communication_050308_en.pdf">Western Balkans: Enhancing the European Perspective</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council. 2008-03-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-04-08</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/balkans_communication/western_balkans_communication_050308_en.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2008-04-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.btitle=Western+Balkans%3A+Enhancing+the+European+Perspective&rft.date=2008-03-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Communication+from+the+Commission+to+the+European+Parliament+and+the+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fenlargement%2Fpdf%2Fbalkans_communication%2Fwestern_balkans_communication_050308_en.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Marjola Xhunga. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080616200335/http://www.ebrd.com/new/stories/2006/060521a.htm">Western Balkans Initiative launched</a>. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. 2006-05-21 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-05-17</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebrd.com/new/stories/2006/060521a.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2008-06-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.atitle=Western+Balkans+Initiative+launched&rft.au=Marjola+Xhunga&rft.date=2006-05-21&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebrd.com%2Fnew%2Fstories%2F2006%2F060521a.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780631198079" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-631-19807-9</a>,1996,page 39: "... the other hand, the beginnings of the Iron Age around 1000 BC is held to coincide with the formation of the historical Illyrian peoples. ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 1: The Prehistory of the Balkans, the Middle East and the Aegean World, Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L. Hammond, and E. Sollberger,1982,page 53,"... Yet we cannot identify the Thracians at that remote period, because we do not know for certain whether the Thracian and Illyrian tribes had separated by then. It is safer to speak of Proto-Thracians from whom there developed in the Iron Age ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/pss/3063446">Boundary between Greek and Latin</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Serbs, Chapter 1 -Ancient Heritage, S M Cirkovic</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=f1F39vRlERAC&pg=PA125&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Twenty Years of Balkan Tangle</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130608063536/http://books.google.com/books?id=f1F39vRlERAC&pg=PA125&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</i>". Mary Edith Durham (2007). p.125. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1434634264" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-4346-3426-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dadrian, Vahakn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.fr/books?id=ZCVJMAVoMM0C&pg=PA1=false#v=onepage&q&f=false">The history of the Armenian genocide: ethnic conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus</a>. 1995 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-08-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723105540/http://books.google.fr/books?id=ZCVJMAVoMM0C&pg=PA1=false#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2013-07-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.aufirst=Vahakn&rft.aulast=Dadrian&rft.btitle=The+history+of+the+Armenian+genocide%3A+ethnic+conflict+from+the+Balkans+to+Anatolia+to+the+Caucasus&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZCVJMAVoMM0C%26pg%3DPA1%3Dfalse%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Considered_a_Bulgarian_in_Bulgaria-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Considered_a_Bulgarian_in_Bulgaria_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Considered a Bulgarian in Bulgaria</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=c00jmTrjzAoC&pg=PA652&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false">An economic and social history of the Ottoman Empire</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010052535/http://books.google.com/books?id=c00jmTrjzAoC&pg=PA652&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</i>". Suraiya Faroqhi, Donald Quataert (1997). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p.652. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0521574552" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-57455-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopedia of World War I, Spencer Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts, p.242</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Europe in Flames, J. Klam, 2002, p.41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russia's life-saver, Albert Loren Weeks, 2004, p.98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Germany and the 2nd World War Volume III:The Mediterranean, south-east Europe, and north Africa, 1939–1941, Gerhard Schreiber, Bernd Stegemann, Detlef Vogel, 1995, p.484</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Germany and the 2nd World War Volume III:The Mediterranean, south-east Europe, and north Africa, 1939–1941, Gerhard Schreiber, Bernd Stegemann, Detlef Vogel, 1995, p.521</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inside Hitler's Greece:The Experience of Occupation, Mark Mazower, 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hermann Goring: Hitler's Second-In-Command, Fred Ramen, 2002, p.61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The encyclopedia of codenames of World War II#Marita, Christopher Chant, 1986, p.125-6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2018-06-13/doc-ihcwpcmp9341312.shtml">马其顿将改名“北马其顿共和国”，为加入欧盟和北约开辟道路</a>. 新浪. 2018-06-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-02-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613161241/http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2018-06-13/doc-ihcwpcmp9341312.shtml">存档</a>于2018-06-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&rft.atitle=%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E5%B0%86%E6%94%B9%E5%90%8D%E2%80%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E2%80%9D%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%BA%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%A5%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F%E5%92%8C%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E5%BC%80%E8%BE%9F%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF&rft.date=2018-06-13&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.cn%2Fo%2F2018-06-13%2Fdoc-ihcwpcmp9341312.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/news_52902.htm">Ceremony marks the accession of Albania and Croatia to NATO</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120911104736/http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/news_52902.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, NATO – News, 7 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-18.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe 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