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Neptunium and plutonium are also named for celestial bodies in our solar system.</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>Question: Which of these metals is liquid at room temperature?</dt> <dd>Answer: Mercury, often called “quicksilver,” remains a liquid until cooled to about −40 °F. Bromine is the only other element that is liquid at room temperature.</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>Question: Which element is most abundant in both Earth’s crust and the human body?</dt> <dd>Answer: Oxygen constitutes nearly half of Earth’s crust and two-thirds of a human body’s mass.</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>Question: Diamonds are made of which element?</dt> <dd>Answer: Contrary to popular belief, diamonds are not made from coal, although both contain carbon.</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>Question: Which element found in red blood cells helps carry oxygen?</dt> <dd>Answer: The iron in hemoglobin forms a reversible bond with oxygen; they latch together in the lungs and then split at the oxygen’s destination.</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>Question: Which of these famous poisons appears in the periodic table?</dt> <dd>Answer: Arsenic has been dubbed the “king of poisons” thanks to its odorless and tasteless qualities.</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>Question: Which element’s name and symbol (Cu) comes from the Latin name for Cyprus, where ancient Romans mined it?</dt> <dd>Answer: The Romans called the element <em>aes Cyprium</em> (“metal of Cyprus”), which was shortened to <em>cyprium</em> and then corrupted to <em>cuprum</em>, eventually becoming <em>copper</em>.</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>Question: Elements, such as helium and neon, that tend to not undergo chemical reactions are called what?</dt> <dd>Answer: Just as a nobleman might avoid commoners, so too do noble gases resist interacting with other elements.</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>Question: Which element was discovered on the Sun before it was found on Earth?</dt> <dd>Answer: Using a spectroscope in 1868, scientists first detected helium on the Sun (from <em>helios</em>, the Greek word for “sun”) during an eclipse. Fourteen years later, helium was found on Earth.</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>Question: Ancient Romans used which element to make plumbing?</dt> <dd>Answer: Because it is highly durable and resistant to corrosion, lead (chemical symbol Pb from the Latin <em>plumbum</em>) was used by the Romans to make water pipes as well as coins and cooking utensils. By the time of Augustus Caesar, lead poisoning had become an issue in Rome.</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>Question: Which of these letters does <i>not</i> appear in the periodic table, either as a symbol or in an element name?</dt> <dd>Answer: The letter <em>x</em> can be found in <em>xenon</em>, <em>z</em> in <em>zinc</em>, and <em>k</em> in <em>krypton</em> (among other places). The letter <em>q</em> appears only in the extended periodic table in the name <em>unbiquadium</em>, a placeholder term for the as yet undiscovered element that will have the atomic number 124.</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>Question: Frequently used in flares, which element burns so intensely that it can cause temporary blindness and cannot be extinguished with water?</dt> <dd>Answer: Magnesium has been used in flash photography, pyrotechnics, and incendiary bombs. When introduced to a magnesium fire, water is converted to a hydrogen gas, further fueling the flame.</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>Question: Used by the Indigenous people of South America for metalcraft, which element comes from the Spanish word for “silver”?</dt> <dd>Answer: Spaniards who arrived in South America found deposits of the metal in Colombia’s Río Pinto and called it <em>platina del Pinto</em> (“silver of the Pinto”).</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>Question: Eighteenth-century chemists determined that air was made up of “fire air” and “foul air.” Which element was nicknamed “foul air”?</dt> <dd>Answer: Oxygen, being necessary for combustion, was called “fire air.” In a given sample of air, once the oxygen was removed, the remaining gas was almost entirely nitrogen, which makes up about 80 percent of the atmosphere. 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