CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>California Institute of Technology - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7a4f84f5-e5d8-480a-9312-22eba7a897a0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"California_Institute_of_Technology","wgTitle":"California Institute of Technology","wgCurRevisionId":1271889003,"wgRevisionId":1271889003,"wgArticleId":5786,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from April 2022","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles using infobox university","Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2022","All articles containing potentially dated statements", "Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008","All pages needing cleanup","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","California Institute of Technology","1891 establishments in California","Buildings and structures in Pasadena, California","Education in Pasadena, California","Engineering universities and colleges in California","Private universities and colleges in California","San Gabriel Valley","Schools accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges","Science and technology in Greater Los Angeles","Technological universities in the United States","Universities and colleges in Los Angeles County, California","Need-blind educational institutions","Universities and colleges established in 1891"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext", "wgRelevantPageName":"California_Institute_of_Technology","wgRelevantArticleId":5786,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Caltech","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology","wgCoordinates":{"lat":34.1375,"lon":-118.125},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false, "wgWikibaseItemId":"Q161562","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect", "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Seal_of_the_California_Institute_of_Technology.svg/1200px-Seal_of_the_California_Institute_of_Technology.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1195"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Seal_of_the_California_Institute_of_Technology.svg/800px-Seal_of_the_California_Institute_of_Technology.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="797"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Seal_of_the_California_Institute_of_Technology.svg/640px-Seal_of_the_California_Institute_of_Technology.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="637"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="California Institute of Technology - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-California_Institute_of_Technology rootpage-California_Institute_of_Technology skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=California+Institute+of+Technology" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=California+Institute+of+Technology" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=California+Institute+of+Technology" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=California+Institute+of+Technology" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Throop_College" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Throop_College"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Throop College</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Throop_College-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>World Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Project_Vista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Project_Vista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Project Vista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Project_Vista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Post-war growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organization and administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Academics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Academics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Academics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Rankings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Undergraduate_admissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Undergraduate_admissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Undergraduate admissions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Undergraduate_admissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuition_and_financial_aid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuition_and_financial_aid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Tuition and financial aid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuition_and_financial_aid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Undergraduate_program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Undergraduate_program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Undergraduate program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Undergraduate_program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graduate_program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graduate_program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Graduate program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graduate_program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Students" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Students"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Students</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Students-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Student life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Student life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-House_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>House system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athletics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Athletics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_and_visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_and_visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Performing and visual arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_and_visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_life_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_life_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Student life traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_life_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Annual_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annual_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.1</span> <span>Annual events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annual_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.2</span> <span>Pranks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rivalry_with_MIT" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivalry_with_MIT"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.2.1</span> <span>Rivalry with MIT</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivalry_with_MIT-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honor_code" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honor_code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.3</span> <span>Honor code</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honor_code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Alumni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faculty_and_staff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculty_and_staff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Faculty and staff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculty_and_staff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caltech_startups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caltech_startups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Caltech startups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caltech_startups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_media_and_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_media_and_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>In media and popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_media_and_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">California Institute of Technology</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9" title="معهد كاليفورنيا للتقانة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معهد كاليفورنيا للتقانة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutu_de_Teunolox%C3%ADa_de_California" title="Institutu de Teunoloxía de California – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Institutu de Teunoloxía de California" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniya_Texnologiya_%C4%B0nstitutu" title="Kaliforniya Texnologiya İnstitutu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kaliforniya Texnologiya İnstitutu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88" title="کالیفورنیا تکنولوژی انستیتوسو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کالیفورنیا تکنولوژی انستیتوسو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_T%C3%A9knologi_California" title="Institut Téknologi California – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Institut Téknologi California" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="ক্যালিফোর্নিয়া ইনস্টিটিউট অব টেকনোলজি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যালিফোর্নিয়া ইনস্টিটিউট অব টেকনোলজি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82" title="Каліфарнійскі тэхналагічны інстытут – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каліфарнійскі тэхналагічны інстытут" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82" title="Каліфарнійскі тэхналягічны інстытут – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каліфарнійскі тэхналягічны інстытут" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82" title="Калифорнийски технологичен институт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калифорнийски технологичен институт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornijski_tehnolo%C5%A1ki_institut" title="Kalifornijski tehnološki institut – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kalifornijski tehnološki institut" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Tecnol%C3%B2gic_de_Calif%C3%B2rnia" title="Institut Tecnològic de Califòrnia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Institut Tecnològic de Califòrnia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornsk%C3%BD_technologick%C3%BD_institut" title="Kalifornský technologický institut – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kalifornský technologický institut" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Tehnoloogiainstituut" title="California Tehnoloogiainstituut – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="California Tehnoloogiainstituut" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%99%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Τεχνολογικό Ινστιτούτο της Καλιφόρνια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τεχνολογικό Ινστιτούτο της Καλιφόρνια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Tecnol%C3%B3gico_de_California" title="Instituto Tecnológico de California – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Instituto Tecnológico de California" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia_Instituto_de_Teknologio" title="Kalifornia Instituto de Teknologio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kalifornia Instituto de Teknologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniako_Teknologia_Institutua" title="Kaliforniako Teknologia Institutua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaliforniako Teknologia Institutua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="مؤسسه فناوری کالیفرنیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مؤسسه فناوری کالیفرنیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institi%C3%B9d_Teicne%C3%B2lais_California" title="Institiùd Teicneòlais California – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Institiùd Teicneòlais California" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Tecnol%C3%B3xico_de_California" title="Instituto Tecnolóxico de California – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Instituto Tecnolóxico de California" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_L%C3%AE-k%C3%BBng_Ho%CC%8Dk-yen" title="California Lî-kûng Ho̍k-yen – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="California Lî-kûng Ho̍k-yen" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%98%EB%A6%AC%ED%8F%AC%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%BC%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="캘리포니아 공과대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캘리포니아 공과대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF" title="Կալիֆոռնիայի տեխնոլոգիական ինստիտուտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կալիֆոռնիայի տեխնոլոգիական ինստիտուտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="कैलिफोर्निया इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ टेक्नोलॉजी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैलिफोर्निया इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ टेक्नोलॉजी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Teknologi_California" title="Institut Teknologi California – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Institut Teknologi California" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A6knih%C3%A1sk%C3%B3linn_%C3%AD_Kaliforn%C3%ADu" title="Tækniháskólinn í Kaliforníu – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tækniháskólinn í Kaliforníu" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="המכון הטכנולוגי של קליפורניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המכון הטכנולוגי של קליפורניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="კალიფორნიის ტექნოლოგიის ინსტიტუტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კალიფორნიის ტექნოლოგიის ინსტიტუტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Калифорния Технология Институты – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Калифорния Технология Институты" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83" title="Калифорния технология институту – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Калифорния технология институту" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutum_Technologiae_Californiense" title="Institutum Technologiae Californiense – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Institutum Technologiae Californiense" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornijas_Tehnolo%C4%A3iju_instit%C5%ABts" title="Kalifornijas Tehnoloģiju institūts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kalifornijas Tehnoloģiju institūts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%87%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF" title="കാലിഫോർണിയ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് ഓഫ് ടെക്നോളജി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാലിഫോർണിയ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് ഓഫ് ടെക്നോളജി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="कॅलिफोर्निया इन्स्टिट्यूट ऑफ टेक्नॉलॉजी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॅलिफोर्निया इन्स्टिट्यूट ऑफ टेक्नॉलॉजी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="კალიფორნიაშ ტექნოლოგიაშ ინსტიტუტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კალიფორნიაშ ტექნოლოგიაშ ინსტიტუტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7_(%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83)" title="معهد كاليفورنيا للتكنولوجيا (كالتيك) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معهد كاليفورنيا للتكنولوجيا (كالتيك)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Teknologi_California" title="Institut Teknologi California – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Institut Teknologi California" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AF_(%E1%80%80%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA)" title="ကယ်လီဖိုးနီးယား တက်နိုလော်ဂျီ အင်စတီကျု (ကယ်တက်) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကယ်လီဖိုးနီးယား တက်နိုလော်ဂျီ အင်စတီကျု (ကယ်တက်)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E5%B7%A5%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="カリフォルニア工科大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カリフォルニア工科大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniya_texnologiya_instituti" title="Kaliforniya texnologiya instituti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kaliforniya texnologiya instituti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80" title="ਕੈਲੀਫੋਰਨੀਆ ਇੰਸਟੀਚਿਊਟ ਆਫ਼ ਤਕਨਾਲੋਜੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੈਲੀਫੋਰਨੀਆ ਇੰਸਟੀਚਿਊਟ ਆਫ਼ ਤਕਨਾਲੋਜੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="کیلیفورنیا انسٹیٹیوٹ آف ٹیکنالوجی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیلیفورنیا انسٹیٹیوٹ آف ٹیکنالوجی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_de_Tecnologia_da_Calif%C3%B3rnia" title="Instituto de Tecnologia da Califórnia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Instituto de Tecnologia da Califórnia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82" title="Калифорнийский технологический институт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Калифорнийский технологический институт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornijski_tehnolo%C5%A1ki_in%C5%A1titut" title="Kalifornijski tehnološki inštitut – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kalifornijski tehnološki inštitut" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornijski_tehnolo%C5%A1ki_institut" title="Kalifornijski tehnološki institut – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kalifornijski tehnološki institut" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornijski_tehnolo%C5%A1ki_institut" title="Kalifornijski tehnološki institut – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kalifornijski tehnološki institut" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caltech" title="Caltech – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Caltech" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="California Institute of Technology" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கலிபோர்னியா தொழில்நுட்பக் கழகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கலிபோர்னியா தொழில்நுட்பக் கழகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80" title="కాలిఫోర్నియా ఇన్స్టిట్యూట్ ఆఫ్ టెక్నాలజీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాలిఫోర్నియా ఇన్స్టిట్యూట్ ఆఫ్ టెక్నాలజీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="สถาบันเทคโนโลยีแคลิฟอร์เนีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถาบันเทคโนโลยีแคลิฟอร์เนีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Донишгоҳи технологии Калифорния – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Донишгоҳи технологии Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniya_Teknoloji_Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Kaliforniya Teknoloji Enstitüsü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kaliforniya Teknoloji Enstitüsü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82" title="Каліфорнійський технологічний інститут – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каліфорнійський технологічний інститут" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="کیلیفورنیا انسٹیٹیوٹ آف ٹیکنالوجی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیلیفورنیا انسٹیٹیوٹ آف ٹیکنالوجی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%AA_%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%AA%DB%87%D8%AA%D9%89" title="كالىفورنىيە سانائەت ئىنستىتۇتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كالىفورنىيە سانائەت ئىنستىتۇتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87n_C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_California" title="Viện Công nghệ California – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viện Công nghệ California" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="加州理工學院 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="加州理工學院" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_hin_Teknolohiya_han_California" title="Instituto hin Teknolohiya han California – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Instituto hin Teknolohiya han California" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="加利福尼亚理工学院 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加利福尼亚理工学院" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="加州理工學院 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加州理工學院" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="加州理工學院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加州理工學院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_T%C3%A8hnolohi_Kaliporni" title="Institut Tèhnolohi Kaliporni – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Institut Tèhnolohi Kaliporni" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q161562#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:California_Institute_of_Technology" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/California_Institute_of_Technology" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&oldid=1271889003" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=California_Institute_of_Technology&id=1271889003&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCalifornia_Institute_of_Technology"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCalifornia_Institute_of_Technology"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:California_Institute_of_Technology" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q161562" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=California_Institute_of_Technology&params=34_08_15_N_118_07_30_W_region:US-CA_tupe:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°08′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°07′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.13750°N 118.12500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.13750; -118.12500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caltech&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Caltech">Caltech</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Research university in California, US</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">California Institute of Technology</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_California_Institute_of_Technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Seal_of_the_California_Institute_of_Technology.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_California_Institute_of_Technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Seal_of_the_California_Institute_of_Technology.svg/225px-Seal_of_the_California_Institute_of_Technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Seal_of_the_California_Institute_of_Technology.svg/300px-Seal_of_the_California_Institute_of_Technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="249" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former names</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Throop University (1891–1907)</li> <li>Throop Polytechnic Institute and Manual Training School (1907–1913)</li> <li>Throop College of Technology (1913–1920)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_truth_will_set_you_free" title="The truth will set you free">"The truth shall make you free"</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">September 23, 1891<span class="noprint">; 133 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1891-09-23</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amos_G._Throop" title="Amos G. Throop">Amos G. Throop</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation" title="Higher education accreditation">Accreditation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/WASC_Senior_College_and_University_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="WASC Senior College and University Commission">WSCUC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">AAU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Independent_Technological_Universities" title="Association of Independent Technological Universities">AITU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Pacific_Rim_Universities" title="Association of Pacific Rim Universities">APRU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Consortium_on_Financing_Higher_Education" title="Consortium on Financing Higher Education">COFHE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_Research_Association" title="Universities Research Association">URA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Grant_College_and_Fellowship_Program" title="National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program">Space-grant</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$3.6 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-endowment_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-endowment-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/University_president" class="mw-redirect" title="University president">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Felix_Rosenbaum" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Felix Rosenbaum">Thomas F. Rosenbaum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">300 professorial faculty<sup id="cite_ref-at_a_glance_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-at_a_glance-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">2,397 (2021–22)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">987 (2021–22)<sup id="cite_ref-enrollment_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enrollment-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,410 (2021–22)<sup id="cite_ref-enrollment_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enrollment-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state">California</div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">United States</div><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=California_Institute_of_Technology&params=34_08_15_N_118_07_30_W_region:US-CA_tupe:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°08′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°07′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.13750°N 118.12500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.13750; -118.12500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Midsize city<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 124 acres (0.50 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>The California Tech</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Orange and white<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FF6C0C"> </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FFFFFF"> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Athletic_nickname" title="Athletic nickname">Nickname</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Caltech_Beavers" title="Caltech Beavers">Beavers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sporting affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III" title="NCAA Division III">Division III</a> – <a href="/wiki/Southern_California_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference">SCIAC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Mascot</th><td class="infobox-data">Bernoulli the Beaver<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caltech.edu">caltech<wbr />.edu</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161562#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Caltech_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Caltech_Logo.svg/200px-Caltech_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Caltech_Logo.svg/300px-Caltech_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Caltech_Logo.svg/400px-Caltech_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="208" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>California Institute of Technology </b>(branded as <b>Caltech</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a>, United States. The university is responsible for many modern scientific advancements and is among a small group of <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Technology_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Technology (United States)">institutes of technology in the United States</a> that are devoted to the instruction of pure and applied sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The institution was founded as a preparatory and vocational school by <a href="/wiki/Amos_G._Throop" title="Amos G. Throop">Amos G. Throop</a> in 1891 and began attracting influential scientists such as <a href="/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale" title="George Ellery Hale">George Ellery Hale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Amos_Noyes" title="Arthur Amos Noyes">Arthur Amos Noyes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a> in the early 20th century. The vocational and preparatory schools were disbanded and spun off in 1910, and the college assumed its present name in 1920. In 1934, Caltech was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a>, and the antecedents of <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a>, which Caltech continues to manage and operate, were established between 1936 and 1943 under <a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán">Theodore von Kármán</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aau_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aau-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caltech has six academic divisions with strong emphasis on science and engineering, managing $332 million in research grants as of 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-overview_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overview-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its 124-acre (50 ha) primary campus is located approximately 11 mi (18 km) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Downtown Los Angeles">downtown Los Angeles</a>, in Pasadena. First-year students are required to live on campus, and 95% of undergraduates remain in the on-campus <a href="/wiki/House_System_at_Caltech" class="mw-redirect" title="House System at Caltech">housing system at Caltech</a>. Students agree to abide by an honor code which allows faculty to assign <a href="/wiki/Final_examination#Take-home_finals" class="mw-redirect" title="Final examination">take-home examinations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="#Athletics">Caltech Beavers</a> compete in 13 intercollegiate sports in the <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III" title="NCAA Division III">Division III</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Southern_California_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference">Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference</a> (SCIAC). </p><p>Scientists and engineers at or from the university have played an essential role in many modern scientific breakthroughs and innovations, including advances in <a href="/wiki/Space_research" title="Space research">space research</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainability_science" title="Sustainability science">sustainability science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum physics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seismology" title="Seismology">seismology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of October 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there are <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_California_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nobel laureates affiliated with California Institute of Technology">79 Nobel laureates who have been affiliated with Caltech</a>, making it the institution with the highest number of Nobelists per capita in America.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes 46 alumni and faculty members (47 prizes, with chemist <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> being the only individual in history to win two unshared prizes). In addition, 66 <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> Recipients, 43 <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Fellows_Program" title="MacArthur Fellows Program">MacArthur Fellows</a>, 14 <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Technology_and_Innovation" title="National Medal of Technology and Innovation">National Medal of Technology and Innovation</a> recipients, 11 <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronauts</a>, 5 <a href="/wiki/Science_Advisor_to_the_President" title="Science Advisor to the President">Science Advisors to the President</a>, 4 <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medalists</a>, and 6 <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a> winners have been affiliated with Caltech. <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Throop_College">Throop College</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Throop College"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_Photographic_Company_(0048)_-_Throop_Polytechnic_Institute,_Pasadena,_California.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Detroit_Photographic_Company_%280048%29_-_Throop_Polytechnic_Institute%2C_Pasadena%2C_California.jpg/280px-Detroit_Photographic_Company_%280048%29_-_Throop_Polytechnic_Institute%2C_Pasadena%2C_California.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Detroit_Photographic_Company_%280048%29_-_Throop_Polytechnic_Institute%2C_Pasadena%2C_California.jpg/420px-Detroit_Photographic_Company_%280048%29_-_Throop_Polytechnic_Institute%2C_Pasadena%2C_California.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Detroit_Photographic_Company_%280048%29_-_Throop_Polytechnic_Institute%2C_Pasadena%2C_California.jpg/560px-Detroit_Photographic_Company_%280048%29_-_Throop_Polytechnic_Institute%2C_Pasadena%2C_California.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption>Throop Polytechnic Institute on its original campus at downtown Pasadena</figcaption></figure> <p>Caltech started as a vocational school founded in present-day <a href="/wiki/Old_Pasadena" title="Old Pasadena">Old Pasadena</a> on <a href="/wiki/Fair_Oaks_Avenue_(Pasadena,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair Oaks Avenue (Pasadena, California)">Fair Oaks Avenue</a> and Chestnut Street on September 23, 1891, by local businessman and politician <a href="/wiki/Amos_G._Throop" title="Amos G. Throop">Amos G. Throop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The school was known successively as <b>Throop University</b>, <b>Throop Polytechnic Institute</b> (and Manual Training School)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <b>Throop College of Technology</b> before acquiring its current name in 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-overview_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overview-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-incorporation_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-incorporation-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vocational school was disbanded and the preparatory program was split off to form the independent <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Polytechnic School">Polytechnic School</a> in 1907. </p><p>At a time when scientific research in the United States was still in its infancy, <a href="/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale" title="George Ellery Hale">George Ellery Hale</a>, a solar <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, founded the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Wilson_Observatory" title="Mount Wilson Observatory">Mount Wilson Observatory</a> in 1904. He joined Throop's board of trustees in 1907, and soon began developing the university, and the whole of Pasadena, into a major scientific and cultural destination. He engineered the appointment of <a href="/wiki/James_Augustin_Brown_Scherer" title="James Augustin Brown Scherer">James A. B. Scherer</a>, a literary scholar untutored in science but very capable in administration and fund-raising, to Throop's presidency in 1908. Scherer persuaded retired businessman and trustee Charles W. Gates to donate $25,000 in seed money (equivalent to $800,000 in 2023) to build Gates Laboratory, the first science building on campus.<sup id="cite_ref-gates_lab_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gates_lab-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Wars">World Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Throop_Hall_at_Caltech,_in_Pasadena_(00035486).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Throop_Hall_at_Caltech%2C_in_Pasadena_%2800035486%29.jpg/220px-Throop_Hall_at_Caltech%2C_in_Pasadena_%2800035486%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Throop_Hall_at_Caltech%2C_in_Pasadena_%2800035486%29.jpg/330px-Throop_Hall_at_Caltech%2C_in_Pasadena_%2800035486%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Throop_Hall_at_Caltech%2C_in_Pasadena_%2800035486%29.jpg/440px-Throop_Hall_at_Caltech%2C_in_Pasadena_%2800035486%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Throop Hall, 1912</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridge_Laboratory_1921.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bridge_Laboratory_1921.png/220px-Bridge_Laboratory_1921.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bridge_Laboratory_1921.png/330px-Bridge_Laboratory_1921.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bridge_Laboratory_1921.png/440px-Bridge_Laboratory_1921.png 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>Construction of Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics in 1921</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caltech_aerial_1922.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Caltech_aerial_1922.png/220px-Caltech_aerial_1922.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Caltech_aerial_1922.png/330px-Caltech_aerial_1922.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Caltech_aerial_1922.png/440px-Caltech_aerial_1922.png 2x" data-file-width="1825" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Caltech in 1922</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1910, Throop moved to its current site. Arthur Fleming donated the land for the permanent campus site. <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> delivered an address at Throop Institute on March 21, 1911, and he declared: </p> <blockquote><p>I want to see institutions like Throop turn out perhaps ninety-nine of every hundred students as men who are to do given pieces of industrial work better than any one else can do them; I want to see those men do the kind of work that is now being done on the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> and on the great irrigation projects in the interior of this country—and the one-hundredth man I want to see with the kind of cultural scientific training that will make him and his fellows the matrix out of which you can occasionally develop a man like your great astronomer, George Ellery Hale.<sup id="cite_ref-Hundredth1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hundredth1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caltech_Catalog_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caltech_Catalog-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Also in 1911, a bill was introduced in the <a href="/wiki/California_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="California Legislature">California Legislature</a> calling for the establishment of a publicly funded "California Institute of Technology," with an initial budget of a million dollars, ten times the budget of Throop at the time. The board of trustees offered to turn Throop over to the state, but the presidents of <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> successfully lobbied to defeat the bill, which allowed Throop to develop as the only scientific research-oriented educational institute in southern California, public or private, until the onset of World War II necessitated the broader development of research-based science education.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Dream_Endures_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Dream_Endures-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The promise of Throop attracted <a href="/wiki/Physical_chemistry" title="Physical chemistry">physical chemist</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Amos_Noyes" title="Arthur Amos Noyes">Arthur Amos Noyes</a> from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> to develop the institution and assist in establishing it as a center for science and technology. </p><p>With the onset of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Hale organized the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Research_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Research Council">National Research Council</a> to coordinate and support scientific work on military problems. While he supported the idea of federal appropriations for science, he took exception to a federal bill that would have funded engineering research at land-grant colleges, and instead sought to raise a $1 million national research fund entirely from private sources. To that end, as Hale wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>: </p> <blockquote><p>Throop College of Technology, in Pasadena California has recently afforded a striking illustration of one way in which the Research Council can secure co-operation and advance scientific investigation. This institution, with its able investigators and excellent research laboratories, could be of great service in any broad scheme of cooperation. President Scherer, hearing of the formation of the council, immediately offered to take part in its work, and with this object, he secured within three days an additional research endowment of one hundred thousand dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-NRC_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRC-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>Through the National Research Council, Hale simultaneously lobbied for science to play a larger role in national affairs, and for Throop to play a national role in science. The new funds were designated for physics research, and ultimately led to the establishment of the Norman Bridge Laboratory, which attracted experimental <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> in 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-bridge_lab_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bridge_lab-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the course of the war, Hale, Noyes and Millikan worked together in Washington on the NRC. Subsequently, they continued their partnership in developing Caltech.<sup id="cite_ref-NRC_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRC-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:648px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caltech_Entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caltech entrance at 1200 E California Blvd. On the left is East Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics and on the right is the Linde Hall of Mathematics and Physics."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Caltech_Entrance.jpg/640px-Caltech_Entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="640" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Caltech_Entrance.jpg/960px-Caltech_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Caltech_Entrance.jpg/1280px-Caltech_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="596" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Caltech_Entrance.jpg" title="File:Caltech Entrance.jpg"> </a></div>Caltech entrance at 1200 E California Blvd. On the left is East Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics and on the right is the Linde Hall of Mathematics and Physics.</div></div></div> <p>Under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale" title="George Ellery Hale">Hale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Amos_Noyes" title="Arthur Amos Noyes">Noyes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a> (aided by the booming economy of <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>), Caltech grew to national prominence in the 1920s and concentrated on the development of Roosevelt's "Hundredth Man". On November 29, 1921, the trustees declared it to be the express policy of the institute to pursue scientific research of the greatest importance and at the same time "to continue to conduct thorough courses in engineering and pure science, basing the work of these courses on exceptionally strong instruction in the fundamental sciences of mathematics, physics, and chemistry; broadening and enriching the curriculum by a liberal amount of instruction in such subjects as English, history, and economics; and vitalizing all the work of the Institute by the infusion in generous measure of the spirit of research".<sup id="cite_ref-Hundredth1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hundredth1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caltech_Catalog_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caltech_Catalog-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1923, Millikan was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a>. In 1925, the school established a department of geology and hired <a href="/wiki/William_Bennett_Munro" class="mw-redirect" title="William Bennett Munro">William Bennett Munro</a>, then chairman of the division of History, Government, and Economics at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, to create a division of <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social sciences</a> at Caltech. In 1928, a division of <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a> was established under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a>, the most distinguished biologist in the United States at the time, and discoverer of the role of genes and the <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosome</a> in heredity. In 1930, <a href="/wiki/Kerckhoff_Marine_Laboratory" title="Kerckhoff Marine Laboratory">Kerckhoff Marine Laboratory</a> was established in Corona del Mar under the care of Professor <a href="/wiki/George_MacGinitie" title="George MacGinitie">George MacGinitie</a>. In 1926, a graduate school of <a href="/wiki/Aeronautics" title="Aeronautics">aeronautics</a> was created, which eventually attracted <a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán">Theodore von Kármán</a>. Kármán later helped create the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and played an integral part in establishing Caltech as one of the world's centers for <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">rocket science</a>. In 1928, construction of the <a href="/wiki/Palomar_Observatory" title="Palomar Observatory">Palomar Observatory</a> began. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_C._Tolman_and_Albert_Einstein_at_California_Institute_of_Technology.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Richard_C._Tolman_and_Albert_Einstein_at_California_Institute_of_Technology.jpg/220px-Richard_C._Tolman_and_Albert_Einstein_at_California_Institute_of_Technology.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Richard_C._Tolman_and_Albert_Einstein_at_California_Institute_of_Technology.jpg/330px-Richard_C._Tolman_and_Albert_Einstein_at_California_Institute_of_Technology.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Richard_C._Tolman_and_Albert_Einstein_at_California_Institute_of_Technology.jpg/440px-Richard_C._Tolman_and_Albert_Einstein_at_California_Institute_of_Technology.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5810" data-file-height="4724" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Tolman" title="Richard C. Tolman">Richard C. Tolman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> at Caltech, 1932</figcaption></figure> <p>Millikan served as "Chairman of the Executive Council" (effectively Caltech's president) from 1921 to 1945, and his influence was such that the institute was occasionally referred to as "Millikan's School". Millikan initiated a visiting-scholars program soon after joining Caltech. Notable scientists who accepted his invitation include <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> arrived on the Caltech campus for the first time in 1931 to polish up his <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_General_Relativity" class="mw-redirect" title="Theory of General Relativity">Theory of General Relativity</a>, and he returned to Caltech subsequently as a visiting professor in 1932 and 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During World War II, Caltech was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the <a href="/wiki/V-12_Navy_College_Training_Program" title="V-12 Navy College Training Program">V-12 Navy College Training Program</a> which offered students a path to a Navy commission.<sup id="cite_ref-caltech-v-12_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caltech-v-12-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> also maintained a naval training school for <a href="/wiki/Aeronautical_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeronautical engineering">aeronautical engineering</a>, resident inspectors of ordinance and naval material, and a liaison officer to the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Research_Committee" title="National Defense Research Committee">National Defense Research Committee</a> on campus.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the war, some scientists from Caltech, including <a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">J. Robert Oppenheimer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Tolman" title="Richard C. Tolman">Richard Tolman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bacher" title="Robert Bacher">Robert Bacher</a>, were instrumental in the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> and contributed to critical aspects of the atomic bomb's development.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oppenheimer_at_Caltech.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Oppenheimer_at_Caltech.jpg/230px-Oppenheimer_at_Caltech.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Oppenheimer_at_Caltech.jpg/346px-Oppenheimer_at_Caltech.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Oppenheimer_at_Caltech.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">J. Robert Oppenheimer</a> at Caltech in 1930</figcaption></figure> <p>Caltech was also directly involved in other bomb-related research with a group led by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lauritsen" title="Charles Lauritsen">Charles Lauritsen</a> which assisted in the development of the high-explosive lenses used in the <a href="/wiki/Fat_Man" title="Fat Man">Fat Man</a> implosion bomb, crucial to the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_(nuclear_test)" title="Trinity (nuclear test)">Trinity Test</a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">bombing of Nagasaki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lauritsen’s team at Caltech developed detonators that would later be used in atomic bombs. In November 1943, Caltech and the U.S. Navy established the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Weapons_Station_China_Lake" title="Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake">Naval Ordnance Test Station</a> (NOTS) in <a href="/wiki/Inyokern,_California" title="Inyokern, California">Inyokern, California</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a> to work on aircraft ordnance and rocket development.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the most successful innovations was the development of the 5-inch <a href="/wiki/High_Velocity_Aircraft_Rocket" title="High Velocity Aircraft Rocket">High-Velocity Aircraft Rocket</a>, commonly known as the "<a href="/wiki/Holy_Moses_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Moses (rocket)">Holy Moses</a>," which was used in combat against enemy fortifications and ships.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The partnership between the Navy and Caltech continued to deepen throughout the war, leading to the creation of several military technologies, and by 1945, the focus of Caltech’s war contributions expanded further with <a href="/wiki/Project_Camel" title="Project Camel">Project Camel</a>, a collaboration between the Naval Ordnance Test Station and the Manhattan Project.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caltech scientists worked on a variety of assignments, including <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">B-29</a> airdrop tests of model atomic bombs and the manufacturing of explosives for use in the atomic bomb’s implosion mechanism.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Salt_Wells_Pilot_Plant" title="Salt Wells Pilot Plant">Salt Wells Pilot Plant</a> at Inyokern was developed with Caltech scientists in response to concerns about the safety of explosive production at <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos</a> and began producing high explosives just days before the Trinity Test in July 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early in the war, Caltech scientists, including Lauritsen’s son, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lauritsen" title="Thomas Lauritsen">Thomas Lauritsen</a>, worked on various rocket designs at the Kellogg Radiation Laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These rockets, including the "<a href="/wiki/Tiny_Tim_(rocket)" title="Tiny Tim (rocket)">Tiny Tim</a>" and the "<a href="/wiki/Folding-Fin_Aerial_Rocket" title="Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket">Mighty Mouse</a>," were used in critical military operations, from naval engagements to land assaults. By the end of the war, Caltech had essentially become an extension of the U.S. Navy’s <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Ordnance" title="Bureau of Ordnance">Bureau of Ordnance</a>, with its rocket research providing important technology to U.S. combat capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Project_Vista">Project Vista</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Project Vista"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caltech_aerial_1944.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Caltech_aerial_1944.png/220px-Caltech_aerial_1944.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Caltech_aerial_1944.png/330px-Caltech_aerial_1944.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Caltech_aerial_1944.png/440px-Caltech_aerial_1944.png 2x" data-file-width="2170" data-file-height="1394" /></a><figcaption>The campus in 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>From April to December 1951, Caltech was the host of a federal classified study, <a href="/wiki/Project_Vista" title="Project Vista">Project Vista</a>. The selection of Caltech as host for the project was based on the university's expertise in rocketry and nuclear physics. In response to the war in Korea and the pressure from the Soviet Union, the project was Caltech's way of assisting the federal government in its effort to increase national security.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was created to study new ways of improving the relationship between tactical air support and ground troops. The Army, Air Force, and Navy sponsored the project; however, it was under contract with the Army. The study was named after the hotel, Vista del Arroyo Hotel, which housed the study. The study operated under a committee with the supervision of President <a href="/wiki/Lee_Alvin_DuBridge" title="Lee Alvin DuBridge">Lee A. DuBridge</a>. <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William A. Fowler</a>, a professor at Caltech, was selected as research director. More than a fourth of Caltech's faculty and a group of outside scientists staffed the project.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, the number increases if one takes into account visiting scientists, military liaisons, secretarial, and security staff. In compensation for its participation, the university received about $750,000.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_growth">Post-war growth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-war growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the 1950s to 1980s, Caltech was the home of <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a>, whose work was central to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Model" title="Standard Model">Standard Model</a> of particle physics. Feynman was also widely known outside the physics community as an exceptional teacher and a colorful, unconventional character. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Lee_A._DuBridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee A. DuBridge">Lee A. DuBridge</a>'s tenure as Caltech's president (1946–1969), Caltech's faculty doubled and the campus tripled in size. DuBridge, unlike his predecessors, welcomed <a href="/wiki/Federal_funding" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal funding">federal funding</a> of science. New research fields flourished, including <a href="/wiki/Chemical_biology" title="Chemical biology">chemical biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planetary_science" title="Planetary science">planetary science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_astrophysics" title="Nuclear astrophysics">nuclear astrophysics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geochemistry" title="Geochemistry">geochemistry</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Hale_Telescope" title="Hale Telescope">200-inch telescope</a> was dedicated on nearby Palomar Mountain in 1948 and remained the world's most powerful optical telescope for over forty years.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caltech opened its doors to female undergraduates during the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Harold_Brown_(Secretary_of_Defense)" title="Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense)">Harold Brown</a> in 1970, and they made up 14% of the entering class.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The portion of female undergraduates has been increasing since then.<sup id="cite_ref-at_a_glance_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-at_a_glance-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Protests by Caltech students are rare.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest was a 1968 protest outside the <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> Burbank studios, in response to rumors that NBC was to cancel <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a></i>. In 1973, the students from <a href="/wiki/Dabney_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Dabney House">Dabney House</a> protested a presidential visit with a sign on the library bearing the simple phrase "<a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Impeach Nixon</a>". The following week, Ross McCollum, president of the National Oil Company, wrote an open letter to Dabney House stating that in light of their actions he had decided not to donate one million dollars to Caltech. The Dabney family, being Republicans, disowned Dabney House after hearing of the protest.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2000, the <a href="/wiki/Einstein_Papers_Project" title="Einstein Papers Project">Einstein Papers Project</a> has been located at Caltech.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was established in 1986 to assemble, preserve, translate, and publish papers selected from the literary estate of Albert Einstein and from other collections. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Annenberg_center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Annenberg_center.jpg/220px-Annenberg_center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Annenberg_center.jpg/330px-Annenberg_center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Annenberg_center.jpg/440px-Annenberg_center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>The new Annenberg Center for Information Science and Technology</figcaption></figure> <p>In fall 2008, the freshman class was 42% female, a record for Caltech's undergraduate enrollment.<sup id="cite_ref-at_a_glance_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-at_a_glance-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, the Institute concluded a six-year-long fund-raising campaign. The campaign raised more than $1.4 billion from about 16,000 donors. Nearly half of the funds went into the support of Caltech programs and projects.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, Caltech, in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a> and headed by Professor <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Lewis_(chemist)" title="Nathan Lewis (chemist)">Nathan Lewis</a>, established a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">DOE</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy#Energy_Innovation_Hubs" title="United States Department of Energy">Energy Innovation Hub</a> aimed at developing revolutionary methods to generate fuels directly from sunlight. This hub, the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Center_for_Artificial_Photosynthesis" title="Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis">Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis</a>, will receive up to $122 million in federal funding over five years.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2012, Caltech began to offer classes through <a href="/wiki/Massive_open_online_course" title="Massive open online course">massive open online courses</a> (MOOCs) under <a href="/wiki/Coursera" title="Coursera">Coursera</a>, from 2013, <a href="/wiki/EdX" title="EdX">edX</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and bootcamps.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jean-Lou Chameau, the eighth president, announced on February 19, 2013, that he would be stepping down to accept the presidency at <a href="/wiki/King_Abdullah_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="King Abdullah University of Science and Technology">King Abdullah University of Science and Technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Felix_Rosenbaum" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Felix Rosenbaum">Thomas F. Rosenbaum</a> was announced to be the ninth president of Caltech on October 24, 2013, and his term began on July 1, 2014. </p><p>In 2019, Caltech received a gift of $750 million for sustainability research from the Resnick family of <a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Company" title="The Wonderful Company">The Wonderful Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gift_750mm_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gift_750mm-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gift is the largest ever for environmental sustainability research and the second-largest private donation to a US academic institution (after Bloomberg's gift of $1.8 billion to Johns Hopkins University in 2018).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On account of President Robert A. Millikan's affiliation with the <a href="/wiki/Human_Betterment_Foundation" title="Human Betterment Foundation">Human Betterment Foundation</a>, in January 2021, the Caltech Board of Trustees authorized the removal of Millikan's name (and the names of five other historical figures affiliated with the Foundation), from campus buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenbaum_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenbaum-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campus">Campus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Campus_of_the_California_Institute_of_Technology" title="Campus of the California Institute of Technology">Campus of the California Institute of Technology</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caltech_from_the_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Caltech_from_the_air.jpg/220px-Caltech_from_the_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Caltech_from_the_air.jpg/330px-Caltech_from_the_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Caltech_from_the_air.jpg/440px-Caltech_from_the_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Caltech in <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_A._Millikan_Memorial_Library_at_Caltech.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Robert_A._Millikan_Memorial_Library_at_Caltech.jpg/220px-Robert_A._Millikan_Memorial_Library_at_Caltech.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Robert_A._Millikan_Memorial_Library_at_Caltech.jpg/330px-Robert_A._Millikan_Memorial_Library_at_Caltech.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Robert_A._Millikan_Memorial_Library_at_Caltech.jpg/440px-Robert_A._Millikan_Memorial_Library_at_Caltech.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>The Millikan Library, the tallest building on campus. In January 2021, the Caltech Board of Trustees authorized removal of Millikan's name from campus buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenbaum_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenbaum-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Caltech's 124-acre (50 ha) primary campus is located in <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a>, approximately 11 miles (18 km) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Downtown Los Angeles">downtown Los Angeles</a>. It is within walking distance of <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Pasadena" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Town Pasadena">Old Town Pasadena</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Playhouse_District,_Pasadena,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Playhouse District, Pasadena, California">Pasadena Playhouse District</a> and therefore the two locations are frequent getaways for Caltech students. </p><p>In 1917 Hale hired architect <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Goodhue" title="Bertram Goodhue">Bertram Goodhue</a> to produce a master plan for the 22 acres (8.9 ha) campus. Goodhue conceived the overall layout of the campus and designed the physics building, Dabney Hall, and several other structures, in which he sought to be consistent with the local climate, the character of the school, and Hale's educational philosophy. Goodhue's designs for Caltech were also influenced by the traditional <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_California_Missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of the California Missions">Spanish mission architecture</a> of Southern California. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beckman_auditorium,_Caltech.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Beckman_auditorium%2C_Caltech.jpg/220px-Beckman_auditorium%2C_Caltech.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Beckman_auditorium%2C_Caltech.jpg/330px-Beckman_auditorium%2C_Caltech.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Beckman_auditorium%2C_Caltech.jpg/440px-Beckman_auditorium%2C_Caltech.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>The Beckman Auditorium</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beckman_Institute_Reflection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Beckman_Institute_Reflection.jpg/220px-Beckman_Institute_Reflection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Beckman_Institute_Reflection.jpg/330px-Beckman_Institute_Reflection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Beckman_Institute_Reflection.jpg/440px-Beckman_Institute_Reflection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Beckman_Institute_at_Caltech" title="Beckman Institute at Caltech">Beckman Institute at Caltech</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the 1960s, Caltech underwent considerable expansion, in part due to the philanthropy of alumnus <a href="/wiki/Arnold_O._Beckman" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold O. Beckman">Arnold O. Beckman</a>. In 1953, Beckman was asked to join the Caltech Board of Trustees.<sup id="cite_ref-hundred_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hundred-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 282">: 282 </span></sup> In 1964, he became its chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-hundred_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hundred-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 275">: 275 </span></sup> Over the next few years, as Caltech's president emeritus <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a> describes it, Arnold Beckman and his wife Mabel "shaped the destiny of Caltech".<sup id="cite_ref-hundred_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hundred-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 288">: 288 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1971 a <a href="/wiki/1971_San_Fernando_earthquake" title="1971 San Fernando earthquake">magnitude-6.6 earthquake</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_California" title="San Fernando, California">San Fernando</a> caused some damage to the Caltech campus. Engineers who evaluated the damage found that two historic buildings dating from the early days of the Institute—Throop Hall and the Goodhue-designed Culbertson Auditorium—had cracked. </p><p>New additions to the campus include the Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics and the <a href="/wiki/Walter_Annenberg" title="Walter Annenberg">Walter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leonore_Annenberg" title="Leonore Annenberg">Leonore Annenberg</a> Center for Information Science and Technology, which opened in 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering followed in March 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institute also concluded an upgrading of the <a href="/wiki/House_System_at_the_California_Institute_of_Technology#South_Houses" class="mw-redirect" title="House System at the California Institute of Technology">South Houses</a> in 2006. In late 2010, Caltech completed a 1.3 MW <a href="/wiki/Solar_array" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar array">solar array</a> projected to produce approximately 1.6 GWh in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization_and_administration">Organization and administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Organization and administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norman_Bridge_Lab_Interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Norman_Bridge_Lab_Interior.jpg/220px-Norman_Bridge_Lab_Interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Norman_Bridge_Lab_Interior.jpg/330px-Norman_Bridge_Lab_Interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Norman_Bridge_Lab_Interior.jpg/440px-Norman_Bridge_Lab_Interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The Bridge Laboratory of Physics</figcaption></figure> <p>Caltech is incorporated as a non-profit corporation and is governed by a privately appointed 46-member <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board of trustees</a> who serve five-year terms of office and retire at the age of 72.<sup id="cite_ref-incorporation_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-incorporation-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bylaws_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bylaws-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trustees elect a president to serve as the chief executive officer of the institute and administer the affairs on the institute on behalf of the board, a provost who serves as the chief academic officer of the institute below the president, and ten other vice presidential and other senior positions.<sup id="cite_ref-bylaws_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bylaws-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Felix_Rosenbaum" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Felix Rosenbaum">Thomas F. Rosenbaum</a> became the ninth president of Caltech in 2014. Caltech's endowment is governed by a permanent trustee committee and administered by an investment office. </p><p>The institute is organized into six primary academic divisions: Biology and Biological Engineering (founded 1927), Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (founded 1926), Engineering and Applied Science (founded 1926), Geological and Planetary Sciences (founded 1927), Humanities and Social Sciences (founded 1926), Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy (founded 1926). Given Caltech's historical prestige and the small size of its faculty in many major fields, the institution is exceptionally careful in selecting candidates. This rigorous process can result in some positions remaining unfilled for several years until the right candidate is found.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caltech dedicates significant resources to attract top-tier faculty and provides them with substantial financial support to foster their research and academic endeavors.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The voting faculty of Caltech include all professors, instructors, research associates and fellows, and the University Librarian. Faculty are responsible for establishing admission requirements, academic standards, and curricula. The Faculty Board is the faculty's representative body and consists of 18 elected faculty representatives as well as other senior administration officials. Full-time professors are expected to teach classes, conduct research, advise students, and perform administrative work such as serving on committees.<sup id="cite_ref-faculty_handbook_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faculty_handbook-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Founded in 1930s, the <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> (JPL) is a <a href="/wiki/Federally_funded_research_and_development_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Federally funded research and development center">federally funded research and development center</a> (FFRDC) owned by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> and operated as a division of Caltech through a contract between NASA and Caltech. In 2008, JPL spent over $1.6 billion on research and development and employed over 5,000 project-related and support employees.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The JPL Director also serves as a Caltech Vice President and is responsible to the President of the Institute for the management of the laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-officers_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-officers-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2023, graduate students and postdoctoral researchers filed to be recognized for collective bargaining as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caltechgpu.org/">Caltech Grad researchers and Postdocs United</a>, in affiliation with the <a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a> (C/GPU-UAW). On January 31st and February 1st, 2024 a vote was held by the <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">National Labor Relations Board</a> (NLRB). In February 2024, the NLRB certified that 1335 of 1997 eligible workers voted, with 78% voting in favor of unionization. In May 2024, contract negotiations began.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2024, C/GPU-UAW members held a strike authorization vote,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1441 participating in the vote, and 86% voting in favor of authorizing the C/GPU bargaining team to call a strike, if necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Academics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Caltech is a small four-year, highly residential research university with slightly more students in graduate programs than undergraduate.<sup id="cite_ref-carnegie_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carnegie-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institute has been accredited by the <a href="/wiki/Western_Association_of_Schools_and_Colleges" title="Western Association of Schools and Colleges">Western Association of Schools and Colleges</a> since 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caltech is on the <a href="/wiki/Academic_term" title="Academic term">quarter system</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-cds_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cds-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the fall term starts in late September and ends before Christmas, the second term starts after New Year's Day and ends in mid-March, and the third term starts in late March or early April and ends in early June.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankings">Rankings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rankings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings_in_the_United_States" title="College and university rankings in the United States">Academic rankings</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender;">National</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Top_Colleges" title="America's Top Colleges"><i>Forbes</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_Forbes_NU_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_Forbes_NU-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">47</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Colleges_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking"><i>U.S. News & World Report</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_USNWR_NU_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_NU-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly_college_rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Monthly college rankings"><i>Washington Monthly</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_Wamo_NU_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_Wamo_NU-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">35</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal"><i>WSJ</i></a>/College Pulse<sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_WSJ_NU_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_WSJ_NU-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">18</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender;">Global</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities"><i>ARWU</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_ARWU_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_ARWU-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings"><i>QS</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_QS_W_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_QS_W-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">10</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings"><i>THE</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_THES_W_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_THES_W-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Global_Universities_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities Ranking"><i>U.S. News & World Report</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_USNWR_W_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_W-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">23</td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="float:right; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="background: #FF6E1E; color:#FFFFFF">National Program Rankings<br /><small>(as of 2022)</small><sup id="cite_ref-USNWR_Grad_School_Rankings_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USNWR_Grad_School_Rankings-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Program </th> <th>Ranking </th></tr> <tr> <td>Chemistry</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Earth Sciences</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physics</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biological Sciences</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Engineering</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mathematics</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Computer Science</td> <td>11 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="float:right; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:#FF6E1E; color:#FFFFFF; border:#FFFFFF">Global Subject Rankings<br /><small>(as of 2019)</small><sup id="cite_ref-USNWR_Global_Univ_Rankings_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USNWR_Global_Univ_Rankings-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Program </th> <th>Ranking </th></tr> <tr> <td>Space Science</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Geosciences</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physics</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chemistry</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biology & Biochemistry</td> <td>29 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Engineering</td> <td>52 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Materials Science</td> <td>57 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Molecular Biology & Genetics</td> <td>57 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Neuroscience & Behavior</td> <td>77 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mathematics</td> <td>80 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Electrical & Electronic Engineering</td> <td>100 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Caltech was ranked within the top ten universities in the world by the <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education World University Rankings</a>, <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a><i>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For 2022, <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> ranked Caltech as tied for 9th in the United States among national universities overall, 11th for most innovative, and 15th for best value.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>U.S. News & World Report</i> also ranked the graduate programs in chemistry and earth sciences first among national universities.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Undergraduate_admissions">Undergraduate admissions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Undergraduate admissions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Caltech Undergraduate Admissions Statistics<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Admit Rate </th> <th>Yield Rate </th></tr> <tr> <td>2024 </td> <td>2.3% </td> <td>70% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>3.1% </td> <td>67% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>2.7% </td> <td>50% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Admission to Caltech is extremely rigorous. Prior to going test blind, Caltech students had the highest test scores in the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In admissions for the Class of 2028 (entering 2024), Caltech was ranked the hardest college in America to gain acceptance to by admit rate, at an all-time low of 2.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the freshmen who enrolled in 2019 (Class of 2023) the middle 50% range of <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> were 740–780 for evidence-based reading and writing and 790–800 for math, and 1530–1570 total. The middle 50% range <a href="/wiki/ACT_(test)" title="ACT (test)">ACT</a> Composite score was 35–36. The SAT Math Level 2 middle 50% range was 800–800. The middle 50% range for the SAT Physics Subject Test was 760–800; SAT Chemistry Subject Test was 760–800; SAT Biology Subject Tests was 760–800.<sup id="cite_ref-admissions.caltech.edu_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-admissions.caltech.edu-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2020, Caltech announced a test-blind policy where they would not require nor consider test scores for the next two years. The moratorium was extended twice, starting July 2021, but was subsequently cancelled starting with the Class of 2029.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institute is <a href="/wiki/Need-blind" class="mw-redirect" title="Need-blind">need-blind</a> for domestic applicants.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the Class of 2027 (enrolled Fall 2023), Caltech received 13,136 applications and accepted 412 applicants for a 3.14% admit rate; 270 enrolled.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subsequent year, for the Class of 2028, Caltech reduced the number of seats by almost one hundred, accepting 315 applicants out of approximately 13,000 total applications.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the Class of 2025, 32% were of underrepresented ancestry (which includes students who self-identify as American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic/Latino, Black/African American, and/or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander), and 6% were foreign students.<sup id="cite_ref-admissions.caltech.edu_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-admissions.caltech.edu-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuition_and_financial_aid">Tuition and financial aid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tuition and financial aid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Undergraduate tuition for the 2021–2022 school year was $56,394 and total annual costs were estimated to be $79,947 excluding the Caltech Student Health Insurance Plan.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012–2013, Caltech awarded $17.1 million in need-based aid, $438k in non-need-based aid, and $2.51 million in self-help support to enrolled undergraduate students. The average financial aid package of all students eligible for aid was $38,756 and students graduated with an average debt of $15,090.<sup id="cite_ref-cds_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cds-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Undergraduate_program">Undergraduate program</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Undergraduate program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_Laboratory.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Arms_Laboratory.JPG/220px-Arms_Laboratory.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Arms_Laboratory.JPG/330px-Arms_Laboratory.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Arms_Laboratory.JPG/440px-Arms_Laboratory.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Breezeway of Arms Laboratory</figcaption></figure> <p>The full-time, four-year undergraduate program emphasizes instruction in the arts and sciences and has high graduate coexistence.<sup id="cite_ref-carnegie_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carnegie-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caltech offers 28 majors (called "options") and 12 minors across all six academic divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caltech also offers interdisciplinary programs in Applied Physics, Biochemistry, Bioengineering, Computation and Neural Systems, Control and Dynamical Systems, Environmental Science and Engineering, Geobiology and Astrobiology, Geochemistry, and Planetary Astronomy. The most popular options are Chemical Engineering, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Physics.<sup id="cite_ref-Office_of_the_Registrar_Newsletter_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Office_of_the_Registrar_Newsletter-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most popular majors of the class of 2023 were Computer Science, Mechanical Engineering, Physics, and Electrical Engineering. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kerckhoff_Laboratory_of_the_Biological_Sciences.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kerckhoff_Laboratory_of_the_Biological_Sciences.jpg/220px-Kerckhoff_Laboratory_of_the_Biological_Sciences.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kerckhoff_Laboratory_of_the_Biological_Sciences.jpg/330px-Kerckhoff_Laboratory_of_the_Biological_Sciences.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kerckhoff_Laboratory_of_the_Biological_Sciences.jpg/440px-Kerckhoff_Laboratory_of_the_Biological_Sciences.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The Kerckhoff Laboratory of the Biological Sciences</figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to the entering class of 2013, Caltech required students to take a core curriculum of five terms of mathematics, five terms of physics, two terms of chemistry, one term of biology, two terms of lab courses, one term of scientific communication, three terms of physical education, and 12 terms of humanities and social science. Since 2013, only three terms each of mathematics and physics have been required by the institute, with the remaining two terms each required by certain options.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A typical class is worth 9 academic units and given the extensive core curriculum requirements in addition to individual options' degree requirements, students need to take an average of 40.5 units per term (more than four classes) to graduate in four years. 36 units is the minimum full-time load, 48 units is considered a heavy load, and registrations above 51 units require an overload petition.<sup id="cite_ref-fah_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fah-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 20 percent of students double-major.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is achievable since the humanities and social sciences majors have been designed to be done in conjunction with a science major. Although choosing two options in the same division is discouraged, it is still possible. </p><p>First-year students are enrolled in first-term classes based upon results of placement exams in math, physics, chemistry, and writing and take all classes in their first two terms on a Pass/Fail basis.<sup id="cite_ref-fah_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fah-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is little competition; collaboration on <a href="/wiki/Homework" title="Homework">homework</a> is encouraged and the honor system encourages take-home tests and flexible homework schedules.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caltech offers co-operative programs with other schools, such as the Pasadena <a href="/wiki/Art_Center_College_of_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Center College of Design">Art Center College of Design</a> and <a href="/wiki/Occidental_College" title="Occidental College">Occidental College</a>. </p><p>According to a 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/PayScale" title="PayScale">PayScale</a> study, Caltech graduates earn a median early career salary of $83,400 and $143,100 mid-career, placing them in the top 5 among graduates of US colleges and universities.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average net return on investment over a period of 20 years is $887,000, the tenth-highest among US colleges.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caltech offers Army and Air Force <a href="/wiki/ROTC" class="mw-redirect" title="ROTC">ROTC</a> in cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cds_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cds-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graduate_program">Graduate program</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Graduate program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caltech_regalia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Caltech_regalia.jpg/170px-Caltech_regalia.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Caltech_regalia.jpg/255px-Caltech_regalia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Caltech_regalia.jpg/340px-Caltech_regalia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Academic_regalia_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic regalia in the United States">Doctoral regalia</a> of the California Institute of Technology</figcaption></figure> <p>Admission to Caltech's graduate study is highly competitive, with faculty evaluating factors such as academic preparation, research experience, scientific interests, and recommendations from teachers or mentors.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A key aspect of the admission process is the matching of faculty and an applicant's research interests. Historically, many programs required applicants to submit GRE scores. However, in recent years, many departments have made the GRE optional or no longer require it at all.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The graduate instructional programs emphasize doctoral studies and are dominated by science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields.<sup id="cite_ref-carnegie_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carnegie-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institute offers graduate degree programs for the Master of Science, Engineer's Degree, Doctor of Philosophy, BS/MS and MD/PhD, with the majority of students in the PhD program.<sup id="cite_ref-carnegie_72-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carnegie-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most popular options are Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Electrical Engineering, and Chemical Engineering.<sup id="cite_ref-Office_of_the_Registrar_Newsletter_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Office_of_the_Registrar_Newsletter-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, most new graduate students are assigned a temporary advisor, allowing time to select a permanent advisor.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To aid in this, some graduate options include rotations in research labs, facilitating a better match with faculty research groups that align with the students' scientific interests. Up to three rotations in the first year are allowed in some options. </p><p>Caltech provides on-campus housing options for incoming graduate students. All new graduate students are guaranteed housing in their first year, with a variety of living experiences available to suit different needs.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately half of Caltech's graduate student population resides in campus housing. The application period for new student housing opens on April 15, 2023, and closes on April 30, 2023. Post-first year, students participate in a housing lottery, with the results announced two months prior to the contract end date, aiding in planning for those who need to seek off-campus housing.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The research facilities at Caltech are available to graduate students, but there are opportunities for students to work in facilities of other universities, research centers (such as NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory), and private industries.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The graduate student to faculty ratio is 4:1.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A joint program also exists between Caltech and the <a href="/wiki/Keck_School_of_Medicine_of_USC" title="Keck School of Medicine of USC">Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California</a>, the <a href="/wiki/UCLA_David_Geffen_School_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine">UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Permanente_Bernard_J._Tyson_School_of_Medicine" title="Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine">Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine</a>, which grants MD/PhD degrees. Students in this program do their preclinical and clinical work at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">USC</a>, <a href="/wiki/UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Permanente_Bernard_J._Tyson_School_of_Medicine" title="Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine">KPSOM</a>, and their PhD work with any member of the Caltech faculty, including the Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering and Applied Sciences Divisions. The MD degree would be from the student's respective medical school and the PhD would be awarded from Caltech.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Approximately 99 percent of doctoral students have full financial support. Financial support for graduate students comes in the form of fellowships, research assistantships, teaching assistantships or a combination of fellowship and assistantship support.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Graduate students are bound by the same honor code as the undergraduates, allowing for take-home examinations.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Graduate Honor Council oversees any violations of the code. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caltech_chemical_laboratory_1923.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Caltech_chemical_laboratory_1923.png/220px-Caltech_chemical_laboratory_1923.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Caltech_chemical_laboratory_1923.png/330px-Caltech_chemical_laboratory_1923.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Caltech_chemical_laboratory_1923.png/440px-Caltech_chemical_laboratory_1923.png 2x" data-file-width="1363" data-file-height="888" /></a><figcaption>Chemists working at Caltech in 1923</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SchlingerLabChemE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/SchlingerLabChemE.jpg/220px-SchlingerLabChemE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/SchlingerLabChemE.jpg/330px-SchlingerLabChemE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/SchlingerLabChemE.jpg/440px-SchlingerLabChemE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>The new Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering</figcaption></figure> <p>Caltech is <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Classification_of_Institutions_of_Higher_Education" title="Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education">classified</a> among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity".<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caltech was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a> in 1934 and remains a research university with "very high" research activity, primarily in <a href="/wiki/STEM_fields" class="mw-redirect" title="STEM fields">STEM fields</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aau_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aau-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-carnegie_72-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carnegie-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caltech manages research expenditures of $270 million annually,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 66th among all universities in the U.S. and 17th among private institutions without medical schools for 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-nsf_expenditures_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsf_expenditures-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest federal agencies contributing to research are <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caltech received $144 million in federal funding for the physical sciences, $40.8 million for the life sciences, $33.5 million for engineering, $14.4 million for environmental sciences, $7.16 million for computer sciences, and $1.97 million for mathematical sciences in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The institute was awarded an all-time high funding of $357 million in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-annual_report_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annual_report-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Active funding from the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> Directorate of Mathematical and Physical Science (MPS) for Caltech stands at $343 million as of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the highest for any educational institution in the nation, and higher than the total funds allocated to any state except California and New York.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, Caltech had 739,000 square feet (68,700 m<sup>2</sup>) dedicated to research: 330,000 square feet (30,700 m<sup>2</sup>) to physical sciences, 163,000 square feet (15,100 m<sup>2</sup>) to engineering, and 160,000 square feet (14,900 m<sup>2</sup>) to biological sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to managing JPL, Caltech also operates the <a href="/wiki/Palomar_Observatory" title="Palomar Observatory">Palomar Observatory</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego County</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Owens_Valley_Radio_Observatory" title="Owens Valley Radio Observatory">Owens Valley Radio Observatory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bishop,_California" title="Bishop, California">Bishop, California</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caltech_Submillimeter_Observatory" title="Caltech Submillimeter Observatory">Submillimeter Observatory</a> and <a href="/wiki/W._M._Keck_Observatory" title="W. M. Keck Observatory">W. M. Keck Observatory</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mauna_Kea_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauna Kea Observatory">Mauna Kea Observatory</a>, the <a href="/wiki/LIGO" title="LIGO">Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory</a> at <a href="/wiki/Livingston,_Louisiana" title="Livingston, Louisiana">Livingston, Louisiana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richland,_Washington" title="Richland, Washington">Richland, Washington</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kerckhoff_Marine_Laboratory" title="Kerckhoff Marine Laboratory">Kerckhoff Marine Laboratory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Corona_del_Mar,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Corona del Mar, California">Corona del Mar, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-faculty_handbook_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faculty_handbook-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Institute launched the Kavli Nanoscience Institute at Caltech in 2006,<sup id="cite_ref-Kavli_Nanoscience_Institute_(website)_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kavli_Nanoscience_Institute_(website)-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Keck_Institute_for_Space_Studies" title="Keck Institute for Space Studies">Keck Institute for Space Studies</a> in 2008, and is also the current home for the <a href="/wiki/Einstein_Papers_Project" title="Einstein Papers Project">Einstein Papers Project</a>. The Spitzer Science Center (SSC), part of the <a href="/wiki/Infrared_Processing_and_Analysis_Center" title="Infrared Processing and Analysis Center">Infrared Processing and Analysis Center</a> located on the Caltech campus, is the data analysis and community support center for <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer Space Telescope</a>. </p><p>Caltech partnered with <a href="/wiki/UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a> to establish a Joint Center for Translational Medicine (UCLA-Caltech JCTM), which conducts experimental research into clinical applications, including the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as cancer. In 1997, Caltech partnered with UCLA to train physician-scientists.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caltech operates several <a href="/wiki/Total_Carbon_Column_Observing_Network" title="Total Carbon Column Observing Network">TCCON</a> stations as part of an international collaborative effort of measuring greenhouse gases globally. One station is on campus. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cahill_Center_for_Astronomy_and_Astrophysics_(_Caltech).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cahill_Center_for_Astronomy_and_Astrophysics_%28_Caltech%29.jpg/220px-Cahill_Center_for_Astronomy_and_Astrophysics_%28_Caltech%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cahill_Center_for_Astronomy_and_Astrophysics_%28_Caltech%29.jpg/330px-Cahill_Center_for_Astronomy_and_Astrophysics_%28_Caltech%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cahill_Center_for_Astronomy_and_Astrophysics_%28_Caltech%29.jpg/440px-Cahill_Center_for_Astronomy_and_Astrophysics_%28_Caltech%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption>The Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics</figcaption></figure> <p>Undergraduates at Caltech are also encouraged to participate in research. About 80% of the class of 2010 did research through the annual Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships (SURF) program at least once during their stay, and many continued during the school year.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students write and submit SURF proposals for research projects in collaboration with professors, and about 70 percent of applicants are awarded SURFs. The program is open to both Caltech and non-Caltech undergraduate students. It serves as preparation for graduate school and helps to explain why Caltech has the highest percentage of alumni who go on to receive a PhD of all the major universities.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The licensing and transferring of technology to the commercial sector is managed by the Office of <a href="/wiki/Technology_Transfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Technology Transfer">Technology Transfer</a> (OTT). OTT protects and manages the intellectual property developed by faculty members, students, other researchers, and JPL technologists. Caltech receives more invention disclosures per faculty member than any other university in the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 1891 patents were granted to Caltech researchers since 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Students">Students</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Students"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible"> <caption style="font-size:90%">Student body composition as of July 16, 2023 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race and ethnicity<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td align="right">35% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">35</span><div style="width:70px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White</a> </td> <td align="right">23% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">23</span><div style="width:46px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> </td> <td align="right">22% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">22</span><div style="width:44px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">9% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">9</span><div style="width:18px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Foreign_national" title="Foreign national">Foreign national</a> </td> <td align="right">8% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">8</span><div style="width:16px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:orange"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a> </td> <td align="right">3% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">3</span><div style="width:6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/Economic_diversity" title="Economic diversity">Economic diversity</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/American_lower_class" title="American lower class">Low-income</a><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">11% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">11</span><div style="width:22px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:red"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluent</a><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">89% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">89</span><div style="width:178px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:black"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Caltech enrolled 987 undergraduate students and 1,410 graduate students for the 2021–2022 school year. Women made up 45% of the undergraduate and 33% of the graduate student body.<sup id="cite_ref-enrollment_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enrollment-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The racial demographics of the school substantially differ from those of the nation as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The four-year graduation rate is 79% and the six-year rate is 92%,<sup id="cite_ref-cds_75-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cds-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is low compared to most leading U.S. universities,<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but substantially higher than it was in the 1960s and 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students majoring in <a href="/wiki/STEM_fields" class="mw-redirect" title="STEM fields">STEM fields</a> traditionally have graduation rates below 70%.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Student life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_system">House system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: House system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/House_System_at_the_California_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="House System at the California Institute of Technology">House System at the California Institute of Technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Caltech_house_system" title="History of the Caltech house system">History of the Caltech house system</a></div> <p>During the early 20th century, a Caltech committee visited several universities and decided to transform the undergraduate housing system from <a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities" title="Fraternities and sororities">fraternities</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Residential_college" title="Residential college">house system</a>. Four South Houses (or <i>Hovses</i>, as styled in the stone engravings) were built: <a href="/wiki/House_System_at_the_California_Institute_of_Technology#Blacker_House" class="mw-redirect" title="House System at the California Institute of Technology">Blacker House</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_System_at_the_California_Institute_of_Technology#Dabney_House" class="mw-redirect" title="House System at the California Institute of Technology">Dabney House</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_System_at_the_California_Institute_of_Technology#Fleming_House" class="mw-redirect" title="House System at the California Institute of Technology">Fleming House</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_System_at_the_California_Institute_of_Technology#Ricketts_House" class="mw-redirect" title="House System at the California Institute of Technology">Ricketts House</a>. In the 1960s, three North Houses were built: <a href="/wiki/House_System_at_the_California_Institute_of_Technology#Lloyd_House" class="mw-redirect" title="House System at the California Institute of Technology">Lloyd House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Page_House_(Caltech)" class="mw-redirect" title="Page House (Caltech)">Page House</a>, and <a href="/wiki/House_System_at_the_California_Institute_of_Technology#Ruddock_House" class="mw-redirect" title="House System at the California Institute of Technology">Ruddock House</a>, and during the 1990s, <a href="/wiki/House_System_at_the_California_Institute_of_Technology#Avery_House" class="mw-redirect" title="House System at the California Institute of Technology">Avery House</a>. The four South Houses closed for renovation in 2005 and reopened in 2006. The latest addition to residential life at Caltech is Bechtel Residence, which opened in 2018. It is not affiliated with the house system.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All first- and second-year students live on campus in the house system or in the Bechtel Residence.<sup id="cite_ref-houses_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-houses-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On account of Albert B. Ruddock's affiliation with the <a href="/wiki/Human_Betterment_Foundation" title="Human Betterment Foundation">Human Betterment Foundation</a>, in January 2021, the Caltech Board of Trustees authorized the removal of Ruddock's name from campus buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenbaum_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenbaum-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ruddock House was renamed as the Grant D. Venerable House. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletics">Athletics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Athletics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Caltech_Beavers" title="Caltech Beavers">Caltech Beavers</a></div> <p><br /> Caltech has athletic teams in baseball, men's and women's basketball, cross country, men's and women's soccer, swimming and diving, men's and women's tennis, track and field, women's volleyball, and men's and women's water polo.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caltech's mascot is the Beaver, a homage to nature's engineer.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its teams are members of the <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III" title="NCAA Division III">Division III</a> and compete in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_California_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference">Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference</a> (SCIAC), which Caltech co-founded in 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 6, 2007, the Beavers' men's basketball team snapped a 207-game losing streak to Division III schools, beating <a href="/wiki/Bard_College" title="Bard College">Bard College</a> 81–52. It was their first Division III victory since 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until their win over <a href="/wiki/Occidental_College" title="Occidental College">Occidental College</a> on February 22, 2011<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the team had not won a game in SCIAC play since 1985. Ryan Elmquist's free throw with 3.3 seconds in regulation gave the Beavers the victory.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Hoops" title="Quantum Hoops">Quantum Hoops</a></i> concerns the events of the Beavers' 2005–06 season. </p><p>On January 13, 2007, the Caltech women's basketball team snapped a 50-game losing streak, defeating the <a href="/wiki/Pomona_College" title="Pomona College">Pomona</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pitzer_College" title="Pitzer College">Pitzer</a> <a href="/wiki/Pomona-Pitzer_Sagehens" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomona-Pitzer Sagehens">Sagehens</a> 55–53. The women's program, which entered the SCIAC in 2002, garnered their first conference win. On the bench as honorary coach for the evening was <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Grubbs">Robert Grubbs</a>, 2005 Nobel laureate in Chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team went on to beat <a href="/wiki/Whittier_College" title="Whittier College">Whittier College</a> on February 10, for its second SCIAC win, and placed its first member on the All Conference team.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, 2008, and 2009, the women's table tennis team (a club team) competed in nationals. The women's <a href="/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate (sport)">Ultimate</a> club team, known as "Snatch", has also been very successful in recent years, ranking 44 of over 200 college teams in the Ultimate Player's Association.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 2, 2013, the Caltech baseball team ended a 228-game losing streak, the team's first win in nearly 10 years.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The track and field team's home venue is at the South Athletic Field in <a href="/wiki/Tournament_Park" title="Tournament Park">Tournament Park</a>, the site of the first eight <a href="/wiki/Rose_Bowl_Game" title="Rose Bowl Game">Rose Bowl</a> games. </p><p>The school also sponsored an intercollegiate <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a> team from 1973 through 1977,<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and played part of its home schedule at the <a href="/wiki/Rose_Bowl_(stadium)" title="Rose Bowl (stadium)">Rose Bowl</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_and_visual_arts">Performing and visual arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Performing and visual arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Caltech/<a href="/wiki/Occidental_College" title="Occidental College">Occidental College</a> Orchestra is a full seventy-piece orchestra composed of students, faculty, and staff at Caltech and nearby Occidental College. The orchestra gives three pairs of concerts annually, at both Caltech and Occidental College. There are also two Caltech Jazz Bands and a Concert Band, as well as an active chamber music program. For vocal music, Caltech has a mixed-voice <a href="/wiki/Glee_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Glee Club">Glee Club</a> and the smaller Chamber Singers.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theater program at Caltech is known as TACIT, or Theater Arts at the California Institute of Technology. There are two to three plays organized by TACIT per year, and they were involved in the production of the <a href="/wiki/PHD_Comics#Piled_Higher_and_Deeper:_the_Movie" class="mw-redirect" title="PHD Comics">PHD Movie</a>, released in 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_life_traditions">Student life traditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Student life traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Annual_events">Annual events</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Annual events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Every <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a>, Dabney House conducts the infamous "Millikan pumpkin-drop experiment" from the top of Millikan Library, the highest point on campus. According to tradition, a claim was once made that the shattering of a pumpkin frozen in <a href="/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen" title="Liquid nitrogen">liquid nitrogen</a> and dropped from a sufficient height would produce a <a href="/wiki/Triboluminescence" title="Triboluminescence">triboluminescent</a> spark. This yearly event involves a crowd of observers, who try to spot the elusive spark. The title of the event is an oblique reference to the famous <a href="/wiki/Oil-drop_experiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil-drop experiment">Millikan oil-drop experiment</a> which measured <i>e</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Elementary_charge" title="Elementary charge">elemental unit of electrical charge</a>. </p><p>On Ditch Day, the seniors ditch school, leaving behind elaborately designed tasks and traps at the doors of their rooms to prevent underclassmen from entering. Over the years this has evolved to the point where many seniors spend months designing mechanical, electrical, and software obstacles to confound the underclassmen. Each group of seniors designs a "stack" to be solved by a handful of underclassmen. The faculty have been drawn into the event as well, and cancel all classes on Ditch Day so the underclassmen can participate in what has become a highlight of the academic year. </p><p>Another long-standing tradition is the playing of Wagner's "<a href="/wiki/Ride_of_the_Valkyries" title="Ride of the Valkyries">Ride of the Valkyries</a>" at 7:00 each morning during finals week with the largest, loudest speakers available. The playing of that piece is not allowed at any other time (except if one happens to be listening to the entire 14 hours and 5 minutes of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ring_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ring Cycle">The Ring Cycle</a></i>), and any offender is dragged into the showers to be drenched in cold water fully dressed. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pranks">Pranks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Pranks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fleming_cannon_firing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Fleming_cannon_firing.jpg/220px-Fleming_cannon_firing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Fleming_cannon_firing.jpg/330px-Fleming_cannon_firing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Fleming_cannon_firing.jpg/440px-Fleming_cannon_firing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>The Fleming cannon</figcaption></figure> <p>Caltech students have been known for their many <a href="/wiki/Student_prank" class="mw-redirect" title="Student prank">pranks</a> (also known as "RFs").<sup id="cite_ref-Caltech1_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caltech1-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two most famous in recent history are the changing of the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Sign" title="Hollywood Sign">Hollywood Sign</a> to read "Caltech", by judiciously covering up certain parts of the letters, and the changing of the scoreboard to read Caltech 38, MIT 9 during the <a href="/wiki/1984_Rose_Bowl" title="1984 Rose Bowl">1984 Rose Bowl Game</a>. But the most famous of all occurred during the <a href="/wiki/1961_Rose_Bowl" title="1961 Rose Bowl">1961 Rose Bowl Game</a>, where Caltech students altered the flip-cards that were raised by the stadium attendees to display "Caltech", and several other "unintended" messages. This event is now referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Rose_Bowl_Hoax" title="Great Rose Bowl Hoax">Great Rose Bowl Hoax</a>. </p><p>In recent years, pranking has been officially encouraged by Tom Mannion, Caltech's Assistant VP for Student Affairs and Campus Life. "The grand old days of pranking have gone away at Caltech, and that's what we are trying to bring back," reported the <i>Boston Globe</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2011, Caltech students went to New York and pulled a prank in Manhattan's <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>. The prank involved making <a href="/wiki/Alamo_(sculpture)" title="Alamo (sculpture)">The Cube</a> sculpture look like the <a href="/wiki/Aperture_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Aperture Science">Aperture Science</a> Weighted Companion Cube from the video game <i><a href="/wiki/Portal_(video_game)" title="Portal (video game)">Portal</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caltech pranks have been documented in three Legends of Caltech books, the most recent of which was edited by alumni Autumn Looijen '99 and <a href="/wiki/Mason_Porter" title="Mason Porter">Mason Porter</a> '98 and published in May 2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Rivalry_with_MIT">Rivalry with MIT</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Rivalry with MIT"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Caltech%E2%80%93MIT_rivalry" title="Caltech–MIT rivalry">Caltech–MIT rivalry</a></div> <p>In 2005, a group of Caltech students pulled a string of pranks during MIT's Campus Preview Weekend for admitted students. These include covering up the word Massachusetts in the "Massachusetts Institute of Technology" engraving on the main building façade with a banner so that it read "That Other Institute of Technology". A group of <a href="/wiki/Hacks_at_the_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Hacks at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT hackers</a> responded by altering the banner so that the inscription read "The Only Institute of Technology." Caltech students also passed out T-shirts to MIT's incoming freshman class that had MIT written on the front and "...<span class="nowrap"> </span>because not everyone can go to Caltech" along with an image of a palm tree on the back. </p><p>MIT retaliated in April 2006, when students posing as the Howe & Ser (Howitzer) Moving Company stole the 130-year-old, 1.7-ton Fleming House cannon and moved it over 3,000 miles to their campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts for their 2006 Campus Preview Weekend, repeating a similar prank performed by nearby <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mudd_College" title="Harvey Mudd College">Harvey Mudd College</a> in 1986. Thirty members of Fleming House traveled to MIT and reclaimed their cannon on April 10, 2006. </p><p>On April 13, 2007 (Friday the 13th), a group of students from <i>The California Tech</i>, Caltech's campus newspaper, arrived and distributed fake copies of <i>The Tech</i>, MIT's campus newspaper, while prospective students were visiting for their Campus Preview Weekend. Articles included "MIT Invents the Interweb", "Architects Deem Campus 'Unfortunate<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>", and "<a href="/wiki/Infinite_Corridor" title="Infinite Corridor">Infinite Corridor</a> Not Actually Infinite". </p><p>In December 2009, some Caltech students declared that MIT had been sold and had become the Caltech East campus. A "sold" banner was hung on front of the MIT dome building and a "Welcome to Caltech East: School of the Humanities" banner over the Massachusetts Avenue Entrance. Newspapers and T-shirts were distributed, and door labels and fliers in the infinite corridor were put up in accordance with the "curriculum change."<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2010, MIT students attempted to put a <a href="/wiki/TARDIS" title="TARDIS">TARDIS</a>, the time machine from the BBC's <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i>, onto a roof. Caught in mid-act, the prank was aborted. In January 2011, Caltech students in conjunction with MIT students helped put the TARDIS on top of Baxter.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caltech students then moved the TARDIS to <a href="/wiki/UC_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a><sup id="cite_ref-Alessondra_Springmann,_PCWorld_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alessondra_Springmann,_PCWorld-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Stanford" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford">Stanford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2014, during MIT's Campus Preview Weekend, a group of Caltech students handed out mugs emblazoned with the MIT logo on the front and the words "The Institute of Technology" on the back. When heated, the mugs turn orange, display a palm tree, and read "Caltech The Hotter Institute of Technology." Identical mugs continue to be sold at the Caltech campus store.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Honor_code">Honor code</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Honor code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Life in the Caltech community is governed by the <a href="/wiki/Academic_honor_code" title="Academic honor code">honor code</a>, which simply states: "No member of the Caltech community shall take unfair advantage of any other member of the Caltech community." This is enforced by a Board of Control, which consists of undergraduate students,<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by a similar body at the graduate level, called the Graduate Honor Council.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The honor code aims at promoting an atmosphere of respect and trust that allows Caltech students to enjoy privileges that make for a more relaxed atmosphere. For example, the honor code allows professors to make the majority of exams as take-home, allowing students to take them on their own schedule and in their preferred environment. </p><p>Through the late 1990s, the only exception to the honor code, implemented earlier in the decade in response to changes in federal regulations, concerned the sexual harassment policy. Today, there are myriad exceptions to the honor code in the form of new Institute policies such as the fire policy and alcohol policy. Although both policies are presented in the Honor System Handbook given to new members of the Caltech community, some undergraduates regard them as a slight against the honor code and the implicit trust and respect it represents within the community.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, the Student Affairs Office has also taken up pursuing investigations independently of the Board of Control and Conduct Review Committee, an implicit violation of both the honor code and written disciplinary policy that has contributed to further erosion of trust between some parts of the undergraduate community and the administration.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_California_Institute_of_Technology_people" title="List of California Institute of Technology people">List of California Institute of Technology people</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_California_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nobel laureates affiliated with California Institute of Technology">List of Nobel laureates affiliated with California Institute of Technology</a>.</div> <p>As of October 2024, Caltech has 47 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel laureates</a> to its name awarded to 26 alumni, 4 postdocs, and 17 non-alumni professors. The 26 alumni include five Caltech professors (<a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl D. Anderson">Carl D. Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_A._Fowler" class="mw-redirect" title="William A. Fowler">William A. Fowler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Kip Thorne</a>). Among the 17 non-alumni professors, 14 were in residence at Caltech at the time of the award; <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a>, who shared the Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1975, became Caltech President in 1997; <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Renato Dulbecco</a>, who shared the Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1975, credited his Prize to the time he had spent at Caltech;<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Hopfield, who won the Prize in Physics in 2024, is the Dickinson Professor Emeritus at Caltech.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total number of Nobel Prizes is 48 because Pauling received prizes in both <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eight faculty and alumni have received a <a href="/wiki/Crafoord_Prize" title="Crafoord Prize">Crafoord Prize</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a>, while 58 have been awarded the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a>, and 11 have received the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="National Medal of Technology">National Medal of Technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-at_a_glance_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-at_a_glance-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One alumnus, <a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Smirnov" title="Stanislav Smirnov">Stanislav Smirnov</a>, won the <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a> in 2010. Other distinguished researchers have been affiliated with Caltech as postdoctoral scholars (for example, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_D._Watson" class="mw-redirect" title="James D. Watson">James D. Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Glashow" title="Sheldon Glashow">Sheldon Glashow</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">John Gurdon</a>) or visiting professors (for example, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alumni">Alumni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup_gallery plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>contains an unencyclopedic or excessive gallery of images</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help improve the section by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Image_galleries" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">removing excessive or indiscriminate images</a> or by <a href="/wiki/MOS:IMAGERELEVANCE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:IMAGERELEVANCE">moving relevant images</a> beside adjacent text, in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Manual of Style on use of images</a>. <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(August 2024)</i></span></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are 22,930 total living alumni in the U.S. and around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of October 2022, 30 alumni and 16 non-alumni faculty have won the Nobel Prize. The <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a>, the "Nobel Prize of Computer Science", has been awarded to six alumni, and one has won the <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-science_now_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science_now-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many alumni have participated in scientific research. Some have concentrated their studies on the very small universe of atoms and molecules. <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel laureate</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl D. Anderson">Carl D. Anderson</a> (BS 1927, PhD 1930) proved the existence of <a href="/wiki/Positron" title="Positron">positrons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muon" title="Muon">muons</a>, Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> (BS 1928, MS 1929) synthesized the first <a href="/wiki/Transuranium_element" title="Transuranium element">transuranium element</a>, Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Leo_James_Rainwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo James Rainwater">Leo James Rainwater</a> (BS 1939) investigated the non-spherical shapes of atomic nuclei, and Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Douglas_D._Osheroff" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas D. Osheroff">Douglas D. Osheroff</a> (BS 1967) studied the <a href="/wiki/Superfluid" class="mw-redirect" title="Superfluid">superfluid</a> nature of <a href="/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3">helium-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a> (PhD 1963), the "father" of the <a href="/wiki/Analysis_of_algorithms" title="Analysis of algorithms">analysis of algorithms</a>, wrote <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming">The Art of Computer Programming</a></i> and created the <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> computer typesetting system, which is commonly used in the scientific community. <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Reznick" title="Bruce Reznick">Bruce Reznick</a> (BS 1973) is a mathematician noted for his contributions to <a href="/wiki/Number_theory" title="Number theory">number theory</a> and the combinatorial-algebraic-analytic investigations of polynomials. <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Karmarkar" title="Narendra Karmarkar">Narendra Karmarkar</a> (MS 1979) is known for the interior point method, a polynomial algorithm for linear programming known as <a href="/wiki/Karmarkar%27s_algorithm" title="Karmarkar's algorithm">Karmarkar's algorithm</a>. </p><p>Other alumni have turned their gaze to the universe. <a href="/wiki/C._Gordon_Fullerton" title="C. Gordon Fullerton">C. Gordon Fullerton</a> (BS 1957, MS 1958) piloted the third <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> mission. Astronaut (and later, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a>) <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Schmitt" title="Harrison Schmitt">Harrison Schmitt</a> (BS 1957) was the only geologist to have walked on the surface of the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astronomer <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Merle_Shoemaker" title="Eugene Merle Shoemaker">Eugene Merle Shoemaker</a> (BS 1947, MS 1948) co-discovered <a href="/wiki/Comet_Shoemaker-Levy_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9">Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9</a> (a comet which crashed into the planet <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>) and was the first person buried on the Moon (by having his ashes crashed into the Moon).<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astronomer George O. Abell (BS 1951, MS 1952, PhD 1957) while a grad student at Caltech participated in the National Geographic Society-Palomar Sky Survey. This ultimately resulted in the publication of the <i>Abell Catalogue of Clusters of Galaxies,</i> the definitive work in the field.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Undergraduate alumni founded, or co-founded, companies such as <a href="/wiki/LCD" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD">LCD</a> manufacturer Varitronix,<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hotmail" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotmail">Hotmail</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/MathWorks" title="MathWorks">MathWorks</a> (which created <a href="/wiki/Matlab" class="mw-redirect" title="Matlab">Matlab</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and database provider <a href="/wiki/Imply_Data" title="Imply Data">Imply</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while graduate students founded, or co-founded, companies such as <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/TRW_Inc." title="TRW Inc.">TRW</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the non-profit educational organization, the <a href="/wiki/Exploratorium" title="Exploratorium">Exploratorium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Orville_Beckman" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold Orville Beckman">Arnold Beckman</a> (PhD 1928) invented the <a href="/wiki/PH_meter" title="PH meter">pH meter</a> and commercialized it with the founding of <a href="/wiki/Beckman_Instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Beckman Instruments">Beckman Instruments</a>. His success with that company enabled him to provide seed funding for <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> (BS 1932), who had co-invented <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistors</a> and wanted to commercialize them. Shockley became the founding Director of the <a href="/wiki/Shockley_Semiconductor_Laboratory" title="Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory">Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory</a> division of Beckman Instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-Shockley_byNobelPrizeFoundation1956_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shockley_byNobelPrizeFoundation1956-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shockley had previously worked at <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a>, whose first president was another alumnus, <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Jewett" title="Frank B. Jewett">Frank Jewett</a> (BS 1898). Because his aging mother lived in <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a>, Shockley established his laboratory near her in <a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_California" title="Mountain View, California">Mountain View, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shockley_byNobelPrizeFoundation1956_195-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shockley_byNobelPrizeFoundation1956-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shockley was a co-recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> in 1956, but his aggressive management style and odd personality<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the Shockley Lab became unbearable.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 1957, eight of his researchers resigned and with support from <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Fairchild" title="Sherman Fairchild">Sherman Fairchild</a> formed <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Semiconductor" title="Fairchild Semiconductor">Fairchild Semiconductor</a>. Among the "<a href="/wiki/Traitorous_eight" title="Traitorous eight">traitorous eight</a>" was <a href="/wiki/Gordon_E._Moore" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon E. Moore">Gordon E. Moore</a> (PhD 1954), who later left Fairchild to co-found <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>. Other offspring companies of Fairchild Semiconductor include <a href="/wiki/National_Semiconductor" title="National Semiconductor">National Semiconductor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Micro Devices">Advanced Micro Devices</a>, which in turn spawned more technology companies in the area. Shockley's decision to use <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">germanium</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> material, coupled with the abundance of silicon semiconductor related companies in the area, gave rise to the term "<a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to describe that geographic region surrounding Palo Alto. </p><p>Caltech alumni also held public offices, with <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_A.G._Abushagur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa A.G. Abushagur">Mustafa A.G. Abushagur</a> (PhD 1984) the Deputy Prime Minister of <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> and Prime Minister-Elect of <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_C._Fletcher" title="James C. Fletcher">James Fletcher</a> (PhD 1948) the 4th and 7th <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_NASA" title="Administrator of NASA">Administrator of NASA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_E._Koonin" title="Steven E. Koonin">Steven Koonin</a> (PhD 1972) the <a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Energy_for_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Under Secretary of Energy for Science">Undersecretary of Energy for Science</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Regina_E._Dugan" title="Regina E. Dugan">Regina Dugan</a> (PhD 1993) the 19th director of <a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a>. The 20th director for DARPA, <a href="/wiki/Arati_Prabhakar" title="Arati Prabhakar">Arati Prabhakar</a>, is also a Caltech alumna (PhD 1984) as well as <a href="/wiki/Charles_Elachi" title="Charles Elachi">Charles Elachi</a> (Phd 1971), former director of the Jet Propulsion Lab. <a href="/wiki/Arvind_Virmani" title="Arvind Virmani">Arvind Virmani</a> is a former <a href="/wiki/Chief_Economic_Adviser_to_the_Government_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India">Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India</a>. In 2013, President Obama announced the nomination of <a href="/wiki/France_Cordova" class="mw-redirect" title="France Cordova">France Cordova</a> (PhD 1979) as the director of the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> and Ellen Williams (PhD 1982) as the director for <a href="/wiki/ARPA-E" title="ARPA-E">ARPA-E</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Notable Caltech alumni include:</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_anderson.1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel laureate Carl David Anderson, BS 1927, PhD 1930, discoverer of the positron and the muon"><img alt="Nobel laureate Carl David Anderson, BS 1927, PhD 1930, discoverer of the positron and the muon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Carl_anderson.1937.jpg/78px-Carl_anderson.1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Carl_anderson.1937.jpg/118px-Carl_anderson.1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Carl_anderson.1937.jpg/157px-Carl_anderson.1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="414" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl David Anderson</a>, BS 1927, PhD 1930, discoverer of the <a href="/wiki/Positron" title="Positron">positron</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Muon" title="Muon">muon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_Osheroff.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel laureate Douglas D. Osheroff, BS 1967"><img alt="Nobel laureate Douglas D. Osheroff, BS 1967" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Douglas_Osheroff.jpg/98px-Douglas_Osheroff.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Douglas_Osheroff.jpg/147px-Douglas_Osheroff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Douglas_Osheroff.jpg/196px-Douglas_Osheroff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Douglas_D._Osheroff" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas D. Osheroff">Douglas D. Osheroff</a>, BS 1967</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Shockley,_Stanford_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel laureate William Shockley, BS 1932, co-inventor of the solid state transistor, father of Silicon Valley"><img alt="Nobel laureate William Shockley, BS 1932, co-inventor of the solid state transistor, father of Silicon Valley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/William_Shockley%2C_Stanford_University.jpg/93px-William_Shockley%2C_Stanford_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/William_Shockley%2C_Stanford_University.jpg/140px-William_Shockley%2C_Stanford_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/William_Shockley%2C_Stanford_University.jpg/186px-William_Shockley%2C_Stanford_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1625" data-file-height="2264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a>, BS 1932, co-inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Solid_state_(electronics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid state (electronics)">solid state</a> <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistor</a>, father of <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edwin_McMillan_Nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel laureate Edwin McMillan, BS 1928, MS 1929"><img alt="Nobel laureate Edwin McMillan, BS 1928, MS 1929" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Edwin_McMillan_Nobel.jpg/92px-Edwin_McMillan_Nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Edwin_McMillan_Nobel.jpg/138px-Edwin_McMillan_Nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Edwin_McMillan_Nobel.jpg/184px-Edwin_McMillan_Nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a>, BS 1928, MS 1929</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VernonSmith2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel laureate Vernon Smith, BS 1949"><img alt="Nobel laureate Vernon Smith, BS 1949" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/VernonSmith2.jpg/84px-VernonSmith2.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/VernonSmith2.jpg/126px-VernonSmith2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/VernonSmith2.jpg/168px-VernonSmith2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="228" data-file-height="353" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Vernon_L._Smith" title="Vernon L. Smith">Vernon Smith</a>, BS 1949</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fernando_Corbato.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turing Award laureate Fernando J. Corbató, BS 1950"><img alt="Turing Award laureate Fernando J. Corbató, BS 1950" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Fernando_Corbato.jpg/111px-Fernando_Corbato.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Fernando_Corbato.jpg/167px-Fernando_Corbato.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Fernando_Corbato.jpg/222px-Fernando_Corbato.jpg 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="379" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Turing Award laureate <a href="/wiki/Fernando_J._Corbat%C3%B3" title="Fernando J. Corbató">Fernando J. Corbató</a>, BS 1950</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turing Award laureate Donald Knuth, PhD 1963, "father" of the analysis of algorithms, creator of TeX typesetting system"><img alt="Turing Award laureate Donald Knuth, PhD 1963, "father" of the analysis of algorithms, creator of TeX typesetting system" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg/110px-KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg/165px-KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg/220px-KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="505" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Turing Award laureate <a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a>, PhD 1963, "father" of the analysis of algorithms, creator of <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> typesetting system</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turing Award laureate John McCarthy, BS 1948, inventor of the Lisp programming language"><img alt="Turing Award laureate John McCarthy, BS 1948, inventor of the Lisp programming language" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg/112px-John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg/168px-John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg/224px-John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2013" data-file-height="2332" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Turing Award laureate <a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a>, BS 1948, inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)" title="Lisp (programming language)">Lisp</a> programming language</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gordon_Fullerton_1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Astronaut C. Gordon Fullerton, BS 1957, MS 1958"><img alt="Astronaut C. Gordon Fullerton, BS 1957, MS 1958" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gordon_Fullerton_1989.jpg/104px-Gordon_Fullerton_1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gordon_Fullerton_1989.jpg/156px-Gordon_Fullerton_1989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gordon_Fullerton_1989.jpg/208px-Gordon_Fullerton_1989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1599" data-file-height="1997" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Astronaut <a href="/wiki/C._Gordon_Fullerton" title="C. Gordon Fullerton">C. Gordon Fullerton</a>, BS 1957, MS 1958</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harrison_H._Schmitt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Astronaut and United States Senator Harrison Schmitt, BS 1957, the only geologist to have walked on the Moon"><img alt="Astronaut and United States Senator Harrison Schmitt, BS 1957, the only geologist to have walked on the Moon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Harrison_H._Schmitt.jpg/91px-Harrison_H._Schmitt.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Harrison_H._Schmitt.jpg/136px-Harrison_H._Schmitt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Harrison_H._Schmitt.jpg/182px-Harrison_H._Schmitt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2168" data-file-height="3097" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Astronaut and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Schmitt" title="Harrison Schmitt">Harrison Schmitt</a>, BS 1957, the only geologist to have walked on the Moon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr_Mustafa_Abushagur.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Libyan Deputy Prime Minister & Libyan Prime Minister-Elect Mustafa A.G. Abushagur, PhD 1984"><img alt="Libyan Deputy Prime Minister & Libyan Prime Minister-Elect Mustafa A.G. Abushagur, PhD 1984" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Dr_Mustafa_Abushagur.JPG/90px-Dr_Mustafa_Abushagur.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Dr_Mustafa_Abushagur.JPG/135px-Dr_Mustafa_Abushagur.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Dr_Mustafa_Abushagur.JPG/180px-Dr_Mustafa_Abushagur.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1960" data-file-height="2828" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Libyan Deputy Prime Minister & Libyan Prime Minister-Elect <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_A.G._Abushagur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa A.G. Abushagur">Mustafa A.G. Abushagur</a>, PhD 1984</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsien_Hsue-shen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qian Xuesen, PhD 1939, co-founder of JPL, "Father" of Chinese rocketry"><img alt="Qian Xuesen, PhD 1939, co-founder of JPL, "Father" of Chinese rocketry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Tsien_Hsue-shen.jpg/130px-Tsien_Hsue-shen.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Tsien_Hsue-shen.jpg/195px-Tsien_Hsue-shen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Tsien_Hsue-shen.jpg/260px-Tsien_Hsue-shen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1146" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Qian_Xuesen" title="Qian Xuesen">Qian Xuesen</a>, PhD 1939, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/JPL" class="mw-redirect" title="JPL">JPL</a>, "Father" of Chinese rocketry</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arnold_Beckman_early_portrait_2.65.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Arnold Orville Beckman, PhD 1928, inventor of the pH meter, founder of Beckman Instruments and the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation"><img alt="Arnold Orville Beckman, PhD 1928, inventor of the pH meter, founder of Beckman Instruments and the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Arnold_Beckman_early_portrait_2.65.tif/lossy-page1-86px-Arnold_Beckman_early_portrait_2.65.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Arnold_Beckman_early_portrait_2.65.tif/lossy-page1-129px-Arnold_Beckman_early_portrait_2.65.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Arnold_Beckman_early_portrait_2.65.tif/lossy-page1-172px-Arnold_Beckman_early_portrait_2.65.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1557" data-file-height="2353" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Orville_Beckman" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold Orville Beckman">Arnold Orville Beckman</a>, PhD 1928, inventor of the <a href="/wiki/PH_meter" title="PH meter">pH meter</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Beckman_Instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Beckman Instruments">Beckman Instruments</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arnold_and_Mabel_Beckman_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation">Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gordon_Moore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gordon Moore, PhD 1954, co-founder of Intel, coined the observation Moore's Law"><img alt="Gordon Moore, PhD 1954, co-founder of Intel, coined the observation Moore's Law" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gordon_Moore.jpg/130px-Gordon_Moore.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gordon_Moore.jpg/195px-Gordon_Moore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Gordon_Moore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="213" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Moore" title="Gordon Moore">Gordon Moore</a>, PhD 1954, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, coined the observation <a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_law" title="Moore's law">Moore's Law</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carver_Mead_at_CHM_Apr-2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Medal of Technology laureate Carver Mead, BS 1956, MS 1957, PhD 1960"><img alt="National Medal of Technology laureate Carver Mead, BS 1956, MS 1957, PhD 1960" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Carver_Mead_at_CHM_Apr-2005.jpg/130px-Carver_Mead_at_CHM_Apr-2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Carver_Mead_at_CHM_Apr-2005.jpg/195px-Carver_Mead_at_CHM_Apr-2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Carver_Mead_at_CHM_Apr-2005.jpg/260px-Carver_Mead_at_CHM_Apr-2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="756" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="National Medal of Technology">National Medal of Technology</a> laureate <a href="/wiki/Carver_Mead" title="Carver Mead">Carver Mead</a>, BS 1956, MS 1957, PhD 1960</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benoit_Mandelbrot_mg_1804b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Benoit Mandelbrot, MS 1948, Engineering 1949, father of fractal geometry, namesake of the Mandelbrot set"><img alt="Benoit Mandelbrot, MS 1948, Engineering 1949, father of fractal geometry, namesake of the Mandelbrot set" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Benoit_Mandelbrot_mg_1804b.jpg/130px-Benoit_Mandelbrot_mg_1804b.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Benoit_Mandelbrot_mg_1804b.jpg/195px-Benoit_Mandelbrot_mg_1804b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Benoit_Mandelbrot_mg_1804b.jpg/260px-Benoit_Mandelbrot_mg_1804b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2900" data-file-height="2903" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Benoit_Mandelbrot" title="Benoit Mandelbrot">Benoit Mandelbrot</a>, MS 1948, Engineering 1949, father of <a href="/wiki/Fractal_geometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fractal geometry">fractal geometry</a>, namesake of the <a href="/wiki/Mandelbrot_set" title="Mandelbrot set">Mandelbrot set</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charlie_Munger_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charlie Munger, studied meteorology at Caltech, investor, Vice Chairman of Berkshire Hathaway"><img alt="Charlie Munger, studied meteorology at Caltech, investor, Vice Chairman of Berkshire Hathaway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Charlie_Munger_%28cropped%29.jpg/93px-Charlie_Munger_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Charlie_Munger_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Charlie_Munger_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Charlie_Munger_%28cropped%29.jpg/187px-Charlie_Munger_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="663" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Munger" title="Charlie Munger">Charlie Munger</a>, studied <a href="/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology">meteorology</a> at Caltech, investor, Vice Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway" title="Berkshire Hathaway">Berkshire Hathaway</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Capra.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Frank Capra, BS Chemical Engineering 1918 (when Caltech was known as the "Throop Institute");[197] winner of six Academy Awards in directing and producing; producer and director of It's a Wonderful Life"><img alt="Frank Capra, BS Chemical Engineering 1918 (when Caltech was known as the "Throop Institute");[197] winner of six Academy Awards in directing and producing; producer and director of It's a Wonderful Life" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Frank_Capra.JPG/130px-Frank_Capra.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Frank_Capra.JPG/195px-Frank_Capra.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Frank_Capra.JPG/260px-Frank_Capra.JPG 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="357" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a>, BS Chemical Engineering 1918 (when Caltech was known as the "Throop Institute");<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> winner of six <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> in directing and producing; producer and director of <i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life">It's a Wonderful Life</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kip_Thorne_at_Caltech.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel laureate Kip Thorne, BS 1962, known for his prolific contributions in gravitation physics and astrophysics and co-founding of LIGO"><img alt="Nobel laureate Kip Thorne, BS 1962, known for his prolific contributions in gravitation physics and astrophysics and co-founding of LIGO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kip_Thorne_at_Caltech.jpg/102px-Kip_Thorne_at_Caltech.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kip_Thorne_at_Caltech.jpg/153px-Kip_Thorne_at_Caltech.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kip_Thorne_at_Caltech.jpg/204px-Kip_Thorne_at_Caltech.jpg 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="1142" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Kip Thorne</a>, BS 1962, known for his prolific contributions in gravitation physics and astrophysics and co-founding of <a href="/wiki/LIGO" title="LIGO">LIGO</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_A._C%C3%B3rdova_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="France A. Córdova, PhD 1978, Astrophysicist and 14th Director of the National Science Foundation"><img alt="France A. Córdova, PhD 1978, Astrophysicist and 14th Director of the National Science Foundation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/France_A._C%C3%B3rdova_official_photo.jpg/102px-France_A._C%C3%B3rdova_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/France_A._C%C3%B3rdova_official_photo.jpg/152px-France_A._C%C3%B3rdova_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/France_A._C%C3%B3rdova_official_photo.jpg/203px-France_A._C%C3%B3rdova_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2671" data-file-height="3416" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/France_A._C%C3%B3rdova" title="France A. Córdova">France A. Córdova</a>, PhD 1978, Astrophysicist and 14th Director of the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_Wolfram_PR.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stephen Wolfram, PhD 1979, creator of Mathematica and Wolfram Alpha; one of the first MacArthur Fellows in 1981"><img alt="Stephen Wolfram, PhD 1979, creator of Mathematica and Wolfram Alpha; one of the first MacArthur Fellows in 1981" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Stephen_Wolfram_PR.jpg/91px-Stephen_Wolfram_PR.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Stephen_Wolfram_PR.jpg/136px-Stephen_Wolfram_PR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Stephen_Wolfram_PR.jpg/182px-Stephen_Wolfram_PR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1471" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Wolfram" title="Stephen Wolfram">Stephen Wolfram</a>, PhD 1979, creator of <a href="/wiki/Mathematica" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematica">Mathematica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfram Alpha">Wolfram Alpha</a>; one of the first <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Fellows" class="mw-redirect" title="MacArthur Fellows">MacArthur Fellows</a> in 1981</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanislav_Smirnov.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stanislav Smirnov, PhD 1996, 2010 Fields Medal winner for his work on the mathematical foundations of statistical physics, particularly finite lattice models"><img alt="Stanislav Smirnov, PhD 1996, 2010 Fields Medal winner for his work on the mathematical foundations of statistical physics, particularly finite lattice models" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Stanislav_Smirnov.jpg/79px-Stanislav_Smirnov.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Stanislav_Smirnov.jpg/119px-Stanislav_Smirnov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Stanislav_Smirnov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="233" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Smirnov" title="Stanislav Smirnov">Stanislav Smirnov</a>, PhD 1996, 2010 <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a> winner for his work on the mathematical foundations of <a href="/wiki/Statistical_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistical physics">statistical physics</a>, particularly finite lattice models</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carolyn_Porco_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carolyn Porco, PhD 1983, planetary scientist who led the imaging team on the Cassini mission in orbit around Saturn"><img alt="Carolyn Porco, PhD 1983, planetary scientist who led the imaging team on the Cassini mission in orbit around Saturn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Carolyn_Porco_01.jpg/93px-Carolyn_Porco_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Carolyn_Porco_01.jpg/139px-Carolyn_Porco_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Carolyn_Porco_01.jpg/186px-Carolyn_Porco_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5425" data-file-height="7596" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Porco" title="Carolyn Porco">Carolyn Porco</a>, PhD 1983, planetary scientist who led the imaging team on the <i><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a></i> mission in orbit around Saturn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eric_Betzig.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel laureate Eric Betzig, BS 1983, known for his work on fluorescence microscopy and photoactivated localization microscopy"><img alt="Nobel laureate Eric Betzig, BS 1983, known for his work on fluorescence microscopy and photoactivated localization microscopy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Eric_Betzig.jpg/92px-Eric_Betzig.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Eric_Betzig.jpg/138px-Eric_Betzig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Eric_Betzig.jpg/183px-Eric_Betzig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2678" data-file-height="3792" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a>, BS 1983, known for his work on <a href="/wiki/Fluorescence_microscopy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorescence microscopy">fluorescence microscopy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Photoactivated_localization_microscopy" title="Photoactivated localization microscopy">photoactivated localization microscopy</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DARPA_Director_Dr_regina_dugan.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regina E. Dugan, PhD 1993, businesswoman and inventor, first female director of the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)"><img alt="Regina E. Dugan, PhD 1993, businesswoman and inventor, first female director of the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DARPA_Director_Dr_regina_dugan.jpeg/104px-DARPA_Director_Dr_regina_dugan.jpeg" decoding="async" width="104" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DARPA_Director_Dr_regina_dugan.jpeg/156px-DARPA_Director_Dr_regina_dugan.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DARPA_Director_Dr_regina_dugan.jpeg/208px-DARPA_Director_Dr_regina_dugan.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="412" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Regina_E._Dugan" title="Regina E. Dugan">Regina E. Dugan</a>, PhD 1993, businesswoman and inventor, first female director of the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency">Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency</a> (DARPA)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardem_Patapoutian_by_C_Michel_67.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ardem Patapoutian, PhD 1996, 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, known for his work in characterizing receptors that detect pressure, menthol, and temperature"><img alt="Ardem Patapoutian, PhD 1996, 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, known for his work in characterizing receptors that detect pressure, menthol, and temperature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ardem_Patapoutian_by_C_Michel_67.jpg/97px-Ardem_Patapoutian_by_C_Michel_67.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ardem_Patapoutian_by_C_Michel_67.jpg/146px-Ardem_Patapoutian_by_C_Michel_67.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ardem_Patapoutian_by_C_Michel_67.jpg/195px-Ardem_Patapoutian_by_C_Michel_67.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6816" data-file-height="9088" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Ardem Patapoutian</a>, PhD 1996, 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, known for his work in characterizing receptors that detect pressure, <a href="/wiki/Menthol" title="Menthol">menthol</a>, and temperature</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Francis_Clauser_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Clauser, BS 1964, 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics, known for the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality in quantum physics"><img alt="John Clauser, BS 1964, 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics, known for the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality in quantum physics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_Francis_Clauser_%28cropped%29.jpg/93px-John_Francis_Clauser_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_Francis_Clauser_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-John_Francis_Clauser_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_Francis_Clauser_%28cropped%29.jpg/186px-John_Francis_Clauser_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3054" data-file-height="4262" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">John Clauser</a>, BS 1964, 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics, known for the <a href="/wiki/CHSH_inequality" title="CHSH inequality">Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality</a> in quantum physics</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculty_and_staff">Faculty and staff</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Faculty and staff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Broad_center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Broad_center.jpg/220px-Broad_center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Broad_center.jpg/330px-Broad_center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Broad_center.jpg/440px-Broad_center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Broad Center for Biological Sciences</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a> was among the most well-known physicists associated with Caltech, having published the <i><a href="/wiki/Feynman_Lectures_on_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Feynman Lectures on Physics">Feynman Lectures on Physics</a></i>, an undergraduate physics text, and popular science texts such as <i><a href="/wiki/Six_Easy_Pieces#Six_Easy_Pieces_(1994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Six Easy Pieces">Six Easy Pieces</a></i> for the general audience. The promotion of physics made him a public figure of science, although his Nobel-winning work in <a href="/wiki/Quantum_electrodynamics" title="Quantum electrodynamics">quantum electrodynamics</a> was already very established in the scientific community. <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a>, a Nobel-winning physicist, introduced a classification of <a href="/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron">hadrons</a> and went on to postulate the existence of <a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">quarks</a>, which is currently accepted as part of the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Model" title="Standard Model">Standard Model</a>. Long-time Caltech President <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a> was the first to calculate the charge of the <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electron</a> with his well-known <a href="/wiki/Oil-drop_experiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil-drop experiment">oil-drop experiment</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Richard_Chace_Tolman" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Chace Tolman">Richard Chace Tolman</a> is remembered for his contributions to <a href="/wiki/Cosmology" title="Cosmology">cosmology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Statistical_mechanics" title="Statistical mechanics">statistical mechanics</a>. 2004 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> winner <a href="/wiki/H._David_Politzer" class="mw-redirect" title="H. David Politzer">H. David Politzer</a> is a current professor at Caltech, as is astrophysicist and author <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Kip Thorne</a> and eminent mathematician <a href="/wiki/Barry_Simon" title="Barry Simon">Barry Simon</a>. <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> pioneered <a href="/wiki/Quantum_chemistry" title="Quantum chemistry">quantum chemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">molecular biology</a>, and went on to discover the nature of the chemical bond in 1939. Seismologist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Richter" title="Charles Richter">Charles Richter</a>, also an alumnus, developed the magnitude scale that bears his name, the <a href="/wiki/Richter_magnitude_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Richter magnitude scale">Richter magnitude scale</a> for measuring the power of earthquakes. One of the founders of the geochemistry department, <a href="/wiki/Clair_Patterson" class="mw-redirect" title="Clair Patterson">Clair Patterson</a> was the first to accurately determine the age of the Earth via lead:uranium ratio in meteorites. In engineering, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán">Theodore von Kármán</a> made many key advances in aerodynamics, notably his work on <a href="/wiki/Supersonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Supersonic">supersonic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypersonic">hypersonic</a> airflow characterization. A repeating pattern of swirling <a href="/wiki/Vortices" class="mw-redirect" title="Vortices">vortices</a> is named after him, the <a href="/wiki/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_vortex_street" class="mw-redirect" title="Von Kármán vortex street">von Kármán vortex street</a>. Participants in von Kármán's GALCIT project included <a href="/wiki/Frank_Malina" title="Frank Malina">Frank Malina</a>, who helped develop the <a href="/wiki/WAC_Corporal" title="WAC Corporal">WAC Corporal</a>, which was the first U.S. rocket to reach the edge of space, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Parsons_(rocket_engineer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Parsons (rocket engineer)">Jack Parsons</a>, a pioneer in the development of liquid and solid rocket fuels who designed the first castable composite-based rocket motor, and <a href="/wiki/Qian_Xuesen" title="Qian Xuesen">Qian Xuesen</a>, who was dubbed the "Father of Chinese Rocketry". More recently, <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Michael Brown</a>, a professor of planetary astronomy, discovered many <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">trans-Neptunian objects</a>, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">dwarf planet</a> <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a>, which prompted the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> to redefine the term "<a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a>". </p><p><a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a>, the Robert A. Millikan Professor of Biology, and <a href="/wiki/Alice_S._Huang" title="Alice S. Huang">Alice Huang</a>, Senior Faculty Associate in Biology, served as the presidents of <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">AAAS</a> from 2007 to 2008 and 2010 to 2011, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>33% of the faculty are members of the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> or <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">Engineering</a> and/or fellows of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>. This is the highest percentage of any faculty in the country with the exception of the graduate institution <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_University" title="Rockefeller University">Rockefeller University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The average salary for assistant professors at Caltech is $111,300, associate professors $121,300, and full professors $172,800.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caltech faculty are active in applied physics, astronomy and astrophysics, biology, biochemistry, biological engineering, chemical engineering, computer science, geology, mechanical engineering, and physics.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Presidents">Presidents</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Augustin_Brown_Scherer" title="James Augustin Brown Scherer">James Augustin Brown Scherer</a> (1908–1920) (president of Throop College of Technology before the name change)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Millikan" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert A. Millikan">Robert A. Millikan</a> (1921–1945), experimental physicist, Nobel laureate in physics for 1923 (his official title was "Chairman of the Executive Council")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_A._DuBridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee A. DuBridge">Lee A. DuBridge</a> (1946–1969), experimental physicist (first to officially hold the title of President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Brown_(Secretary_of_Defense)" title="Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense)">Harold Brown</a> (1969–1977), physicist and public servant (left Caltech to serve as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">United States Secretary of Defense</a> in the administration of <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Christy" title="Robert F. Christy">Robert F. Christy</a> (1977–1978), astrophysicist (acting president)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_L._Goldberger" class="mw-redirect" title="Marvin L. Goldberger">Marvin L. Goldberger</a> (1978–1987), theoretical physicist (left to serve as Director of <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Everhart" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas E. Everhart">Thomas E. Everhart</a> (1987–1997), experimental physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a> (1997–2006), molecular biologist, Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine for 1975</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Lou_Chameau" title="Jean-Lou Chameau">Jean-Lou Chameau</a> (2006–2013), civil engineer and educational administrator (left to serve as president of <a href="/wiki/King_Abdullah_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="King Abdullah University of Science and Technology">King Abdullah University of Science and Technology</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Felix_Rosenbaum" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Felix Rosenbaum">Thomas F. Rosenbaum</a> (2014–), condensed matter physicist and administrator</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caltech_startups">Caltech startups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Caltech startups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over the years Caltech has actively promoted the commercialization of technologies developed within its walls. Through its Office of Technology Transfer & Corporate Partnerships,<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> scientific breakthroughs have led to the transfer of numerous technologies in a wide variety of scientific-related fields such as <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic">photovoltaic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">radio-frequency identification</a> (RFID), <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyperspectral_imaging" title="Hyperspectral imaging">hyperspectral imaging</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic devices">electronic devices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> design, solid state amplifiers and many more.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Companies such as <a href="/wiki/Quora" title="Quora">Quora</a>, Contour Energy Systems, <a href="/wiki/Impinj" title="Impinj">Impinj</a>, Fulcrum Microsystems, Nanosys, Inc., <a href="/wiki/Photon_etc." title="Photon etc.">Photon etc.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xencor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xencor (page does not exist)">Xencor</a>, and Wavestream Wireless<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have emerged from Caltech. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_media_and_popular_culture">In media and popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: In media and popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Caltech has appeared in many works of popular culture, both as itself and in disguised form. On television, it played a prominent role and was the workplace of all four <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Big_Bang_Theory_and_Young_Sheldon_characters#The_Big_Bang_Theory_main_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of The Big Bang Theory and Young Sheldon characters">male lead characters and one female lead character</a> in the sitcom <i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory" title="The Big Bang Theory">The Big Bang Theory</a></i>. Caltech is also the inspiration, and frequent film location, for the California Institute of Science in <i><a href="/wiki/Numbers_(TV_series)" title="Numbers (TV series)">Numb3rs</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-realgenius_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realgenius-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On film, the Pacific Tech of <i><a href="/wiki/The_War_of_the_Worlds_(1953_film)" title="The War of the Worlds (1953 film)">The War of the Worlds</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-cowan_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cowan-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Real_Genius" title="Real Genius">Real Genius</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-realgenius_209-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realgenius-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is based on Caltech. In nonfiction, two 2007 documentaries examine aspects of Caltech: <i>Curious</i>, its researchers,<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Hoops" title="Quantum Hoops">Quantum Hoops</a></i>, its men's basketball team. </p><p>Caltech is also prominently featured in many comics and television series by <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Entertainment" title="Marvel Entertainment">Marvel Entertainment</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a>, the university serves as the alma mater of <a href="/wiki/Hulk" title="Hulk">Hulk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mister_Fantastic" title="Mister Fantastic">Mister Fantastic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Foster_(character)" title="Bill Foster (character)">Bill Foster</a> (Black Goliath), and <a href="/wiki/Madman_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Madman (Marvel Comics)">Madman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Cinematic_Universe" title="Marvel Cinematic Universe">Marvel Cinematic Universe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Carrelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruno Carrelli">Bruno Carrelli</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Khan" title="Kamala Khan">Kamala Khan</a>'s best friend and love interest) attends Caltech in the miniseries <i><a href="/wiki/Ms._Marvel_(miniseries)" title="Ms. Marvel (miniseries)">Ms. Marvel</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Given its Los Angeles-area location, the grounds of the Institute are often host to short scenes in movies and television. The <a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_at_Caltech" title="Athenaeum at Caltech">Athenaeum dining club</a> appears in the <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Cop_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverly Hills Cop (film series)"><i>Beverly Hills Cop</i> series</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_X-Files_(film)" title="The X-Files (film)">The X-Files</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/True_Romance" title="True Romance">True Romance</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_West_Wing" title="The West Wing">The West Wing</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/48px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/64px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:California" title="Portal:California">California portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_education" title="Engineering education">Engineering education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-China_University_Presidents_Roundtable" title="US-China University Presidents Roundtable">US-China University Presidents Roundtable</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The university itself only spells its short form as "Caltech"; the institution considers other spellings such as "Cal Tech" and "CalTech" incorrect. The institute is also occasionally referred to as "CIT", most notably in its <a href="/wiki/Alma_mater_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alma mater (song)">alma mater</a>, but this is uncommon.<sup id="cite_ref-caltech_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caltech-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other consists of <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiracial Americans</a> & those who prefer to not say.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The percentage of students who received an income-based federal <a href="/wiki/Pell_grant" class="mw-redirect" title="Pell grant">Pell grant</a> intended for low-income students.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The percentage of students who are a part of the <a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">American middle class</a> at the bare minimum.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/legacy/history-milestones">"History & Milestones"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+%26+Milestones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fabout%2Flegacy%2Fhistory-milestones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417114557/https://www.caltech.edu/content/did-you-know">"Caltech: Did you know?"</a>. California Institute of Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/content/did-you-know">the original</a> on April 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech%3A+Did+you+know%3F&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fcontent%2Fdid-you-know&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-endowment-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-endowment_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As of September 30, 2022. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://investments.caltech.edu">The Caltech Investment Office</a> (Report). The Caltech Investment Office. 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Caltech+Investment+Office&rft.pub=The+Caltech+Investment+Office&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvestments.caltech.edu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-at_a_glance-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-at_a_glance_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-at_a_glance_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-at_a_glance_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-at_a_glance_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222151936/http://www.caltech.edu/content/caltech-glance">"Caltech: at a Glance"</a>. California Institute of Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/content/caltech-glance">the original</a> on December 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech%3A+at+a+Glance&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fcontent%2Fcaltech-glance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enrollment-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-enrollment_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enrollment_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enrollment_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.registrar.caltech.edu/records/enrollment-statistics">"Fall Enrollment 2021–22"</a>. Caltech – Office of the Registrar<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fall+Enrollment+2021%E2%80%9322&rft.pub=Caltech+%E2%80%93+Office+of+the+Registrar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.registrar.caltech.edu%2Frecords%2Fenrollment-statistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=california&s=all&pg=2&id=110404">"College Navigator – California Institute of Technology"</a>. National Center for Education Statistics.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=College+Navigator+%E2%80%93+California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.pub=National+Center+for+Education+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnces.ed.gov%2Fcollegenavigator%2F%3Fq%3Dcalifornia%26s%3Dall%26pg%3D2%26id%3D110404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://identity.caltech.edu/colors">"Colors - Identity Toolkit"</a>. <i>Identity.Caltech.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Identity.Caltech.edu&rft.atitle=Colors+-+Identity+Toolkit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidentity.caltech.edu%2Fcolors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gocaltech.com/news/2023/5/22/general-caltech-beaver-name-revealed-at-sunday-ceremony.aspx">"It's Bernoulli! Caltech Beaver Name Revealed"</a>. California Institute of Technology. May 22, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401092830/https://gocaltech.com/news/2023/5/22/general-caltech-beaver-name-revealed-at-sunday-ceremony.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It%27s+Bernoulli%21+Caltech+Beaver+Name+Revealed&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.date=2023-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgocaltech.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F5%2F22%2Fgeneral-caltech-beaver-name-revealed-at-sunday-ceremony.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-caltech-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-caltech_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://identity.caltech.edu/officiallogomarks">"Official Logo & Marks"</a>. <i>Identity.Caltech.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Identity.Caltech.edu&rft.atitle=Official+Logo+%26+Marks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidentity.caltech.edu%2Fofficiallogomarks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/California-Institute-of-Technology">"California Institute of Technology | university, Pasadena, California, United States"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=California+Institute+of+Technology+%7C+university%2C+Pasadena%2C+California%2C+United+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FCalifornia-Institute-of-Technology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/498534/these-25-schools-are-responsible-for-the-greatest-advances-in-science/">"These 25 Schools Are Responsible for the Greatest Advances in Science"</a>. <i>QZ</i>. September 10, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=QZ&rft.atitle=These+25+Schools+Are+Responsible+for+the+Greatest+Advances+in+Science&rft.date=2015-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F498534%2Fthese-25-schools-are-responsible-for-the-greatest-advances-in-science%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aau-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aau_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aau_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aau.edu/about/article.aspx?id=5476">"Member Institutions"</a>. American Association of Universities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120521132512/http://www.aau.edu/about/article.aspx?id=5476">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Member+Institutions&rft.pub=American+Association+of+Universities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aau.edu%2Fabout%2Farticle.aspx%3Fid%3D5476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jplhistory/early/">"Early History"</a>. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111026135745/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jplhistory/early/">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+History&rft.pub=NASA+Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fjplhistory%2Fearly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-overview-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-overview_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-overview_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716233133/http://marcomm.caltech.edu/pdf/Caltech_Overview_2010_2011.pdf">"Caltech Overview 2010–2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Caltech Office of Marketing and Communications. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marcomm.caltech.edu/pdf/Caltech_Overview_2010_2011.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+Overview+2010%E2%80%932011&rft.pub=Caltech+Office+of+Marketing+and+Communications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarcomm.caltech.edu%2Fpdf%2FCaltech_Overview_2010_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admissions.caltech.edu/why-caltech/student-life/honor-code">"Honor Code"</a>. <i>Undergraduate Admissions</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Undergraduate+Admissions&rft.atitle=Honor+Code&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.admissions.caltech.edu%2Fwhy-caltech%2Fstudent-life%2Fhonor-code&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/decade-of-discovery">"Caltech – Decade of Discovery"</a>. Caltech. December 19, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+%E2%80%93+Decade+of+Discovery&rft.pub=Caltech&rft.date=2019-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fdecade-of-discovery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/history-of-caltech/">"History of Caltech"</a>. The Nobel Prize<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Caltech&rft.pub=The+Nobel+Prize&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fthemes%2Fhistory-of-caltech%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWai" class="citation web cs1">Wai, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanwai/2020/10/08/the-undergraduate-institutions-with-the-most-nobel-prize-winners/">"The Undergraduate Institutions with the Most Nobel Prize Winners"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+Undergraduate+Institutions+with+the+Most+Nobel+Prize+Winners&rft.aulast=Wai&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fjonathanwai%2F2020%2F10%2F08%2Fthe-undergraduate-institutions-with-the-most-nobel-prize-winners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClynes2016" class="citation journal cs1">Clynes, Tom (October 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature.2016.20757">"Where Nobel winners Get Their Start"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>538</b> (7624): 152. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Natur.538..152C">2016Natur.538..152C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature.2016.20757">10.1038/nature.2016.20757</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27734890">27734890</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4466329">4466329</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Where+Nobel+winners+Get+Their+Start&rft.volume=538&rft.issue=7624&rft.pages=152&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4466329%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016Natur.538..152C&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature.2016.20757&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27734890&rft.aulast=Clynes&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fnature.2016.20757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Examples include: <ol><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/legacy/awards-and-honors/nobel-laureates">"Nobel Laureates"</a>. California Institute of Technology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobel+Laureates&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fabout%2Flegacy%2Fawards-and-honors%2Fnobel-laureates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/caltech-alumni-astronaut-takes-final-shuttle-flight-1764#:~:text=To%20date,%20NASA's%20astronaut%20corps,walk%20on%20the%20lunar%20surface.">"Caltech Alumni Astronaut Takes Final Shuttle Flight"</a>. <i>California Institute of Technology</i>. February 8, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.atitle=Caltech+Alumni+Astronaut+Takes+Final+Shuttle+Flight&rft.date=2010-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fcaltech-alumni-astronaut-takes-final-shuttle-flight-1764%23%3A~%3Atext%3DTo%2520date%2C%2520NASA%27s%2520astronaut%2520corps%2Cwalk%2520on%2520the%2520lunar%2520surface.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/administration/eop/ostp/about/leadershipstaff/previous">"Previous Science Advisors"</a>. <i>The White House</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+White+House&rft.atitle=Previous+Science+Advisors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fadministration%2Feop%2Fostp%2Fabout%2Fleadershipstaff%2Fprevious&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/legacy/awards-and-honors/national-medal-science-recipients">"National Medal of Science Recipients"</a>. <i>California Institute of Technology</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.atitle=National+Medal+of+Science+Recipients&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fabout%2Flegacy%2Fawards-and-honors%2Fnational-medal-science-recipients&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/legacy/awards-and-honors/national-medal-technology-and-innovation-recipients">"National Medal of Technology and Innovation Recipients"</a>. <i>California Institute of Technology</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.atitle=National+Medal+of+Technology+and+Innovation+Recipients&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fabout%2Flegacy%2Fawards-and-honors%2Fnational-medal-technology-and-innovation-recipients&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/legacy/awards-and-honors/macarthur-fellows">"MacArthur Fellows"</a>. <i>California Institute of Technology</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.atitle=MacArthur+Fellows&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fabout%2Flegacy%2Fawards-and-honors%2Fmacarthur-fellows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></li></ol> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caltechcampuspubs.library.caltech.edu/36/1/1897-1898.pdf">"Sixth Annual Catalogue of Throop Polytechnic Institute and Manual Training School"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Throop Polytechnic Institute</i>. 1897. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221010/https://caltechcampuspubs.library.caltech.edu/36/1/1897-1898.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Throop+Polytechnic+Institute&rft.atitle=Sixth+Annual+Catalogue+of+Throop+Polytechnic+Institute+and+Manual+Training+School&rft.date=1897&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaltechcampuspubs.library.caltech.edu%2F36%2F1%2F1897-1898.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1898" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Grace Powers (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/wheretoeducate1800thomrich#page/15/mode/1up"><i>Where to educate, 1898–1899. A guide to the best private schools, higher institutions of learning, etc., in the United States</i></a>. Boston: Brown and Company. p. 15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121017075924/http://archive.org/stream/wheretoeducate1800thomrich#page/15/mode/1up">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+to+educate%2C+1898%E2%80%931899.+A+guide+to+the+best+private+schools%2C+higher+institutions+of+learning%2C+etc.%2C+in+the+United+States&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Brown+and+Company&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Grace+Powers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fwheretoeducate1800thomrich%23page%2F15%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-incorporation-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-incorporation_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-incorporation_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100307205336/http://bot.caltech.edu/articles">"Articles of Incorporation"</a>. Board of Trustees, California Institute of Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bot.caltech.edu/articles">the original</a> on March 7, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Articles+of+Incorporation&rft.pub=Board+of+Trustees%2C+California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbot.caltech.edu%2Farticles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gates_lab-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gates_lab_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodstein1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Judith_R._Goodstein" title="Judith R. Goodstein">Goodstein, Judith R.</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/millikansschoolh00good/page/51">"Preamble to a Technical School"</a>. <i>Millikan's School: A History of the California Institute of Technology</i>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/millikansschoolh00good/page/51">51–63</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-03017-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-03017-2"><bdi>0-393-03017-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Preamble+to+a+Technical+School&rft.btitle=Millikan%27s+School%3A+A+History+of+the+California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=51-63&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-393-03017-2&rft.aulast=Goodstein&rft.aufirst=Judith+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmillikansschoolh00good%2Fpage%2F51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hundredth1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hundredth1_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hundredth1_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt396nc6mp/admin/#:~:text=When%2C%20on%20March%2021%2C%201911,those%20men%20do%20the%20kind">"Guide to the California Institute of Technology Historical Files, 1891-"</a>. <i>oac.cdlib.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oac.cdlib.org&rft.atitle=Guide+to+the+California+Institute+of+Technology+Historical+Files%2C+1891-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foac.cdlib.org%2Ffindaid%2Fark%3A%2F13030%2Fkt396nc6mp%2Fadmin%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DWhen%252C%2520on%2520March%252021%252C%25201911%2Cthose%2520men%2520do%2520the%2520kind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caltech_Catalog-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caltech_Catalog_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caltech_Catalog_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110409051312/http://catalog.caltech.edu/pdf/catalog_10_11.pdf">"Caltech Catalog"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Caltech. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.caltech.edu/pdf/catalog_10_11.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 9, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+Catalog&rft.pub=Caltech&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.caltech.edu%2Fpdf%2Fcatalog_10_11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Dream_Endures-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Dream_Endures_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarr1997" class="citation book cs1">Starr, Kevin (1997). "Unto the Stars Themselves, Astronomy and the Pasadena Perspective". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dreamendurescali00star"><i>The Dream Endures: California Enters the 1940s</i></a></span>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dreamendurescali00star/page/74">74–77</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-515797-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-515797-4"><bdi>0-19-515797-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191203202552/https://archive.org/details/dreamendurescali00star">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Unto+the+Stars+Themselves%2C+Astronomy+and+the+Pasadena+Perspective&rft.btitle=The+Dream+Endures%3A+California+Enters+the+1940s&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=74-77&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-19-515797-4&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdreamendurescali00star&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NRC-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NRC_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRC_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodstein1991" class="citation book cs1">Goodstein, Judith R. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/millikansschoolh00good/page/64">"The Birth of Caltech"</a>. <i>Millikan's School: A History of the California Institute of Technology</i>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/millikansschoolh00good/page/64">64–75</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-03017-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-03017-2"><bdi>0-393-03017-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Birth+of+Caltech&rft.btitle=Millikan%27s+School%3A+A+History+of+the+California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=64-75&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-393-03017-2&rft.aulast=Goodstein&rft.aufirst=Judith+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmillikansschoolh00good%2Fpage%2F64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bridge_lab-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bridge_lab_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodstein1991" class="citation book cs1">Goodstein, Judith R. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/millikansschoolh00good/page/71">"The Birth of Caltech"</a>. <i>Millikan's School: A History of the California Institute of Technology</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/millikansschoolh00good/page/71">71–75</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-03017-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-03017-2"><bdi>0-393-03017-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Birth+of+Caltech&rft.btitle=Millikan%27s+School%3A+A+History+of+the+California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=71-75&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-393-03017-2&rft.aulast=Goodstein&rft.aufirst=Judith+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmillikansschoolh00good%2Fpage%2F71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/articles/goodstein/">"History of Caltech"</a>. Nobel Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100804153722/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/articles/goodstein/">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Caltech&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Farticles%2Fgoodstein%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.caltech.edu/about/fastfacts.html">"Fast Facts about Caltech History"</a>. The Caltech Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708080210/http://archives.caltech.edu/about/fastfacts.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 8, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fast+Facts+about+Caltech+History&rft.pub=The+Caltech+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.caltech.edu%2Fabout%2Ffastfacts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-caltech-v-12-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-caltech-v-12_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oralhistories.library.caltech.edu/125/01/OH_Acosta.pdf">"Oral History – Allen J. Acosta"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a>: California Institute of Technology. April–May 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100618201228/http://oralhistories.library.caltech.edu/125/01/OH_Acosta.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 18, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oral+History+%E2%80%93+Allen+J.+Acosta&rft.pub=Pasadena%2C+California%3A+California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.date=1994-04%2F1994-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foralhistories.library.caltech.edu%2F125%2F01%2FOH_Acosta.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/USN-Act/CA.html">"U.S. Naval Activities World War II by State"</a>. Patrick Clancey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110907053516/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/USN-Act/CA.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Naval+Activities+World+War+II+by+State&rft.pub=Patrick+Clancey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUSN%2Fref%2FUSN-Act%2FCA.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kiss.caltech.edu/Tolman-Bacher/manhattan_project.html">"The Manhattan Project"</a>. <i>Keck Institute for Space Studies</i>. September 4, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Keck+Institute+for+Space+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Manhattan+Project&rft.date=2024-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kiss.caltech.edu%2FTolman-Bacher%2Fmanhattan_project.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/history/navy-manhattan-project/">"The Navy in the Manhattan Project - Nuclear Museum"</a>. <i>National Museum of Nuclear Science and History</i>. September 4, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museum+of+Nuclear+Science+and+History&rft.atitle=The+Navy+in+the+Manhattan+Project+-+Nuclear+Museum&rft.date=2024-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fahf.nuclearmuseum.org%2Fahf%2Fhistory%2Fnavy-manhattan-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chinalakemuseum.org/brief-history">"Brief History"</a>. <i>China Lake Museum Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Lake+Museum+Foundation&rft.atitle=Brief+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchinalakemuseum.org%2Fbrief-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chinalakemuseum.org/weapons">"Weapons"</a>. <i>China Lake Museum Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Lake+Museum+Foundation&rft.atitle=Weapons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchinalakemuseum.org%2Fweapons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReines1991" class="citation cs2">Reines, F. (January 1, 1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814343060_0093">"Neutrinos to 1960 Personal Recollections"</a>, <i>Neutrinos and Other Matters</i>, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, pp. <span class="nowrap">552–</span>575, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991noms.book..552R">1991noms.book..552R</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1142%2F9789814343060_0093">10.1142/9789814343060_0093</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-02-0270-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-02-0270-5"><bdi>978-981-02-0270-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neutrinos+and+Other+Matters&rft.atitle=Neutrinos+to+1960+Personal+Recollections&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E552-%3C%2Fspan%3E575&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1142%2F9789814343060_0093&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991noms.book..552R&rft.isbn=978-981-02-0270-5&rft.aulast=Reines&rft.aufirst=F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1142%2F9789814343060_0093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/history/navy-manhattan-project/">"The Navy in the Manhattan Project - Nuclear Museum"</a>. <i>Nuclear History Museum</i>. January 1, 1991<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+History+Museum&rft.atitle=The+Navy+in+the+Manhattan+Project+-+Nuclear+Museum&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fahf.nuclearmuseum.org%2Fahf%2Fhistory%2Fnavy-manhattan-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoland1990" class="citation journal cs1">Roland, A. (January 5, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.973-f">"Science and the Navy. The History of the Office of Naval Research. Harvey M. Sapolsky. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1990. xvi, 142 pp., illus. $34.95"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>249</b> (4972): 973. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.973-f">10.1126/science.973-f</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17756793">17756793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Science+and+the+Navy.+The+History+of+the+Office+of+Naval+Research.+Harvey+M.+Sapolsky.+Princeton+University+Press%2C+Princeton%2C+NJ%2C+1990.+xvi%2C+142+pp.%2C+illus.+%2434.95&rft.volume=249&rft.issue=4972&rft.pages=973&rft.date=1990-01-05&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17756793&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.973-f&rft.aulast=Roland&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1126%2Fscience.973-f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/1280/1/DuBridge.pdf">"DuBridge, Lee A. "The President's Report." Engineering and Science 15.6 (1952): 9"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170427192026/http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/1280/1/DuBridge.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DuBridge%2C+Lee+A.+%22The+President%27s+Report.%22+Engineering+and+Science+15.6+%281952%29%3A+9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalteches.library.caltech.edu%2F1280%2F1%2FDuBridge.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elliot, David C. (January 1, 1986) "Project Vista and Nuclear Weapons in Europe." International Security. 11(1): 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> McCRAY, W. PATRICK, (January 1, 2004) "Project Vista, Caltech, and the dilemmas of Lee DuBridge Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences. 34(2): 340.."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astro.caltech.edu/palomar/hale.html">"The 200-inch Hale Telescope"</a>. Caltech Astronomy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100718065231/http://www.astro.caltech.edu/palomar/hale.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+200-inch+Hale+Telescope&rft.pub=Caltech+Astronomy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astro.caltech.edu%2Fpalomar%2Fhale.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2007" class="citation news cs1">Gordon, Larry (August 6, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-aug-06-me-caltech6-story.html">"Caltech chemistry improves"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100508071501/http://articles.latimes.com/2007/aug/06/local/me-caltech6">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Caltech+chemistry+improves&rft.date=2007-08-06&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2007-aug-06-me-caltech6-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">edu.ucla.library.specialCollections.latimes:3720 uclalat_1429_b609_238352 ark:/21198/zz0002vnsf</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719160558/http://pandora.caltech.edu/~antognini/tunnels.pdf">"Caltech's Underground History"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Joe Antognini. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pandora.caltech.edu/~antognini/tunnels.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech%27s+Underground+History&rft.pub=Joe+Antognini&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpandora.caltech.edu%2F~antognini%2Ftunnels.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041109224557/http://www.einstein.caltech.edu/papers.html">"Collected Papers of Albert Einstein"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.einstein.caltech.edu/papers.html">the original</a> on November 9, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Collected+Papers+of+Albert+Einstein&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.einstein.caltech.edu%2Fpapers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717002058/http://one.caltech.edu/homepage/campaign_brochure.pdf">"Campaign Summary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://one.caltech.edu/homepage/campaign_brochure.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 17, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Campaign+Summary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fone.caltech.edu%2Fhomepage%2Fcampaign_brochure.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://solarfuelshub.org/">"Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101020154825/http://solarfuelshub.org/">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joint+Center+for+Artificial+Photosynthesis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsolarfuelshub.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417123634/https://www.caltech.edu/content/caltech-offer-online-courses-through-edx">"Chameau to step down as president"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/content/caltech-offer-online-courses-through-edx">the original</a> on April 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chameau+to+step+down+as+president&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fcontent%2Fcaltech-offer-online-courses-through-edx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pg-p.ctme.caltech.edu">"Caltech Bootcamps"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+Bootcamps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpg-p.ctme.caltech.edu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130826094206/http://www.caltech.edu/content/chameau-step-down-caltech-president">"Caltech to Offer Online Courses through edX"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/content/chameau-step-down-caltech-president">the original</a> on August 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+to+Offer+Online+Courses+through+edX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fcontent%2Fchameau-step-down-caltech-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gift_750mm-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gift_750mm_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2019" class="citation news cs1">Goldstein, Dana (September 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/26/us/caltech-resnick-climate-change.html">"Caltech Gets a Windfall for Climate Research: $750 Million"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/26/us/caltech-resnick-climate-change.html">the original</a></span> on January 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Caltech+Gets+a+Windfall+for+Climate+Research%3A+%24750+Million&rft.date=2019-09-26&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F09%2F26%2Fus%2Fcaltech-resnick-climate-change.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalford2019" class="citation news cs1">Halford, Bethany (September 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cen.acs.org/environment/sustainability/California-Institute-Technology-garners-750/97/web/2019/09">"California Institute of Technology garners $750 million gift for sustainability research"</a>. <i>Chemical & Engineering News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+%26+Engineering+News&rft.atitle=California+Institute+of+Technology+garners+%24750+million+gift+for+sustainability+research&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft.aulast=Halford&rft.aufirst=Bethany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcen.acs.org%2Fenvironment%2Fsustainability%2FCalifornia-Institute-Technology-garners-750%2F97%2Fweb%2F2019%2F09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosenbaum-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenbaum_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenbaum_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenbaum_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rosenbaum, Thomas F.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inclusive.caltech.edu/about/commitments-progress/committee/statement">Statement from the President</a> California Institute of Technology. Retrieved January 15, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hundred-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hundred_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hundred_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hundred_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold_ThackrayMinor_Myers,_Jr.2000" class="citation book cs1">Arnold Thackray & Minor Myers, Jr. (2000). <i>Arnold O. Beckman : one hundred years of excellence</i>. foreword by James D. Watson. Philadelphia, Pa.: Chemical Heritage Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-941901-23-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-941901-23-9"><bdi>978-0-941901-23-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arnold+O.+Beckman+%3A+one+hundred+years+of+excellence&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pa.&rft.pub=Chemical+Heritage+Foundation&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-941901-23-9&rft.au=Arnold+Thackray&rft.au=Minor+Myers%2C+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allbusiness.com/education-training/students-student-life/12035174-1.html">"Quantum leap: Caltech facility combines astronomy, astrophysics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllBusiness" class="mw-redirect" title="AllBusiness">AllBusiness</a>. January 26, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100909233944/http://www.allbusiness.com/education-training/students-student-life/12035174-1.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quantum+leap%3A+Caltech+facility+combines+astronomy%2C+astrophysics&rft.pub=AllBusiness&rft.date=2009-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allbusiness.com%2Feducation-training%2Fstudents-student-life%2F12035174-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://today.caltech.edu/today/story-display.tcl?story_id=37963">"Walter and Leonore Annenberg Center for Information Science and Technology"</a>. Caltech. August 10, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100610072708/http://today.caltech.edu/today/story-display.tcl?story_id=37963">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Walter+and+Leonore+Annenberg+Center+for+Information+Science+and+Technology&rft.pub=Caltech&rft.date=2009-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftoday.caltech.edu%2Ftoday%2Fstory-display.tcl%3Fstory_id%3D37963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://today.caltech.edu/today/story-display.tcl?story_id=42903">"Caltech Cuts the Ribbon on Schlinger Laboratory"</a>. Caltech. March 9, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100702055447/http://today.caltech.edu/today/story-display.tcl?story_id=42903">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+Cuts+the+Ribbon+on+Schlinger+Laboratory&rft.pub=Caltech&rft.date=2010-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftoday.caltech.edu%2Ftoday%2Fstory-display.tcl%3Fstory_id%3D42903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20101021006356/en/Perpetual-Energy-Systems-Activates-1.1-MW-Solar">"Perpetual Energy Systems Activates 1.1 MW Solar Energy System at California Institute of Technology"</a>. Business Wire. October 21, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101024223422/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20101021006356/en/Perpetual-Energy-Systems-Activates-1.1-MW-Solar">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perpetual+Energy+Systems+Activates+1.1+MW+Solar+Energy+System+at+California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.pub=Business+Wire&rft.date=2010-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20101021006356%2Fen%2FPerpetual-Energy-Systems-Activates-1.1-MW-Solar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bylaws-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bylaws_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bylaws_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bot.caltech.edu/bylaws">"Bylaws"</a>. Board of Trustees, California Institute of Technology. June 12, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090418174212/http://bot.caltech.edu/bylaws">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bylaws&rft.pub=Board+of+Trustees%2C+California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.date=2009-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbot.caltech.edu%2Fbylaws&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/10-reasons-why-caltech-is-the-worlds-number-one-university/2011321.article">"10 reasons why Caltech is the world's number one university"</a>. <i>Times Higher Education (THE)</i>. February 17, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education+%28THE%29&rft.atitle=10+reasons+why+Caltech+is+the+world%27s+number+one+university&rft.date=2014-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fnews%2F10-reasons-why-caltech-is-the-worlds-number-one-university%2F2011321.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/research/faculty-listing">"Faculty Listing"</a>. <i>California Institute of Technology</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.atitle=Faculty+Listing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fresearch%2Ffaculty-listing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-faculty_handbook-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-faculty_handbook_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faculty_handbook_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100607033013/http://provost.caltech.edu/faculty_handbook.html">"Faculty Handbook"</a>. California Institute of Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://provost.caltech.edu/faculty_handbook.html">the original</a> on June 7, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Faculty+Handbook&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprovost.caltech.edu%2Ffaculty_handbook.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090825110909/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/annualreport/2008-report.pdf">"2008 Annual Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/annualreport/2008-report.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 25, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008+Annual+Report&rft.pub=Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fannualreport%2F2008-report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-officers-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-officers_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bot.caltech.edu/Officers">"Officers of the Corporation Trustees"</a>. Board of Trustees, California Institute of Technology. June 12, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090417055040/http://bot.caltech.edu/Officers">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Officers+of+the+Corporation+Trustees&rft.pub=Board+of+Trustees%2C+California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.date=2009-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbot.caltech.edu%2FOfficers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/campus-life-events/campus-announcements/graduate-student-and-postdoctoral-scholar-union-negotiations-to-begin">"Graduate Student and Postdoctoral Scholar Union Negotiations to Begin - www.caltech.edu"</a>. <i>www.caltech.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.caltech.edu&rft.atitle=Graduate+Student+and+Postdoctoral+Scholar+Union+Negotiations+to+Begin+-+www.caltech.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fcampus-life-events%2Fcampus-announcements%2Fgraduate-student-and-postdoctoral-scholar-union-negotiations-to-begin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pasadenanow.com/main/strike-authorization-vote-called-by-caltech-postdocs-and-grad-workers-union">"Strike Authorization Vote Called by Caltech Postdocs and Grad Workers Union – Pasadena Now"</a>. <i>pasadenanow.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pasadenanow.com&rft.atitle=Strike+Authorization+Vote+Called+by+Caltech+Postdocs+and+Grad+Workers+Union+%E2%80%93+Pasadena+Now&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpasadenanow.com%2Fmain%2Fstrike-authorization-vote-called-by-caltech-postdocs-and-grad-workers-union&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caltechgpu.org/2024/12/06/strike-authorization-vote-we-said-yes/">"Strike Authorization Vote: We Said YES"</a>. <i>C/GPU-UAW</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=C%2FGPU-UAW&rft.atitle=Strike+Authorization+Vote%3A+We+Said+YES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaltechgpu.org%2F2024%2F12%2F06%2Fstrike-authorization-vote-we-said-yes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carnegie-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-carnegie_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carnegie_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carnegie_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carnegie_72-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carnegie_72-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=110404">"Carnegie Classifications – California Institute of Technology"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Foundation_for_the_Advancement_of_Teaching" title="Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching">Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913073605/http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=110404">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carnegie+Classifications+%E2%80%93+California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.pub=Carnegie+Foundation+for+the+Advancement+of+Teaching&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieclassifications.iu.edu%2Flookup%2Fview_institution.php%3Funit_id%3D110404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://accreditation.caltech.edu/">"Accreditation"</a>. California Institute of Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100530053011/http://accreditation.caltech.edu/">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Accreditation&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faccreditation.caltech.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090916053741/http://registration.wascsenior.org/institutions/affiliation.aspx?accessID=15">"Statement of Accreditation Status – California Institute of Technology"</a>. Western Association of Schools and Colleges. April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://registration.wascsenior.org/institutions/affiliation.aspx?accessID=15">the original</a> on September 16, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+of+Accreditation+Status+%E2%80%93+California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.pub=Western+Association+of+Schools+and+Colleges&rft.date=2010-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fregistration.wascsenior.org%2Finstitutions%2Faffiliation.aspx%3FaccessID%3D15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cds-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cds_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cds_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cds_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cds_75-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finance.caltech.edu/documents/178-cds2013_final.pdf">"Common Data Set 2012–2013"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Office of Budget & Planning, California Institute of Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140513162751/http://finance.caltech.edu/documents/178-cds2013_final.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Common+Data+Set+2012%E2%80%932013&rft.pub=Office+of+Budget+%26+Planning%2C+California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffinance.caltech.edu%2Fdocuments%2F178-cds2013_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://today.caltech.edu/calendar/index?type=terms&small_month=2010-05-30&team=&calendar_start_date.month=9&calendar_start_date.day=1&calendar_start_date.year=2010&calendar_end_date.month=7&calendar_end_date.day=1&calendar_end_date.year=2011">"Caltech Today Calendary"</a>. California Institute of Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120723073859/http://today.caltech.edu/calendar/index?type=terms&small_month=2010-05-30&team=&calendar_start_date.month=9&calendar_start_date.day=1&calendar_start_date.year=2010&calendar_end_date.month=7&calendar_end_date.day=1&calendar_end_date.year=2011">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+Today+Calendary&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftoday.caltech.edu%2Fcalendar%2Findex%3Ftype%3Dterms%26small_month%3D2010-05-30%26team%3D%26calendar_start_date.month%3D9%26calendar_start_date.day%3D1%26calendar_start_date.year%3D2010%26calendar_end_date.month%3D7%26calendar_end_date.day%3D1%26calendar_end_date.year%3D2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_Forbes_NU-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_Forbes_NU_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/top-colleges/">"America's Top Colleges 2024"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>. September 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=America%27s+Top+Colleges+2024&rft.date=2024-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Ftop-colleges%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_NU-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_USNWR_NU_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities">"2024-2025 Best National Universities Rankings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i>. September 23, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=2024-2025+Best+National+Universities+Rankings&rft.date=2024-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fbest-colleges%2Frankings%2Fnational-universities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_Wamo_NU-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_Wamo_NU_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2024-college-guide/national/">"2024 National University Rankings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly" title="Washington Monthly">Washington Monthly</a></i>. August 25, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Monthly&rft.atitle=2024+National+University+Rankings&rft.date=2024-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwashingtonmonthly.com%2F2024-college-guide%2Fnational%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_WSJ_NU-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_WSJ_NU_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/rankings/college-rankings/best-colleges-2025">"2025 Best Colleges in the U.S."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>/College Pulse</i>. September 4, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal%2FCollege+Pulse&rft.atitle=2025+Best+Colleges+in+the+U.S.&rft.date=2024-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Frankings%2Fcollege-rankings%2Fbest-colleges-2025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_ARWU-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_ARWU_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2024">"2024 Academic Ranking of World Universities"</a>. ShanghaiRanking Consultancy. August 15, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+Academic+Ranking+of+World+Universities&rft.pub=ShanghaiRanking+Consultancy&rft.date=2024-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghairanking.com%2Frankings%2Farwu%2F2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_QS_W-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_QS_W_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topuniversities.com/world-university-rankings">"QS World University Rankings 2025"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Quacquarelli_Symonds" title="Quacquarelli Symonds">Quacquarelli Symonds</a>. June 4, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QS+World+University+Rankings+2025&rft.pub=Quacquarelli+Symonds&rft.date=2024-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Fworld-university-rankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_THES_W-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_THES_W_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2024/world-ranking">"World University Rankings 2024"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education" title="Times Higher Education">Times Higher Education</a></i>. September 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=World+University+Rankings+2024&rft.date=2023-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2024%2Fworld-ranking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_W-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_USNWR_W_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/rankings">"2024-2025 Best Global Universities Rankings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i>. June 24, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=2024-2025+Best+Global+Universities+Rankings&rft.date=2024-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Feducation%2Fbest-global-universities%2Frankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USNWR_Grad_School_Rankings-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USNWR_Grad_School_Rankings_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/california-institute-of-technology-110404/overall-rankings">"California Institute of Technology – U.S. News Best Grad School Rankings"</a>. <i>U.S. News & World Report</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218052306/https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/california-institute-of-technology-110404/overall-rankings">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=California+Institute+of+Technology+%E2%80%93+U.S.+News+Best+Grad+School+Rankings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fbest-graduate-schools%2Fcalifornia-institute-of-technology-110404%2Foverall-rankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USNWR_Global_Univ_Rankings-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USNWR_Global_Univ_Rankings_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/california-institute-of-technology-110404">"California Institute of Technology – U.S. News Best Global University Rankings"</a>. <i>U.S. News & World Report</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191112185003/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/california-institute-of-technology-110404">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=California+Institute+of+Technology+%E2%80%93+U.S.+News+Best+Global+University+Rankings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Feducation%2Fbest-global-universities%2Fcalifornia-institute-of-technology-110404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.unsw.edu.au/artu/">"Full Rankings | Rankings"</a>. <i>research.unsw.edu.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=research.unsw.edu.au&rft.atitle=Full+Rankings+%7C+Rankings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.unsw.edu.au%2Fartu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/california-institute-of-technology-1131/overall-rankings">"California Institute of Technology Rankings"</a>. <i>U.S. News & World Report</i>. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181214063406/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/california-institute-of-technology-1131/overall-rankings">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=California+Institute+of+Technology+Rankings&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fbest-colleges%2Fcalifornia-institute-of-technology-1131%2Foverall-rankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/california-institute-of-technology-110404/overall-rankings">"CalTech's Graduate School Rankings"</a>. <i>U.S. News & World Report</i>. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170715165518/https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/california-institute-of-technology-110404/overall-rankings">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=CalTech%27s+Graduate+School+Rankings&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fbest-graduate-schools%2Fcalifornia-institute-of-technology-110404%2Foverall-rankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admissions.caltech.edu/apply/what-we-look-for/class-profile">"Class Profile 2028"</a>. California Institute of Technology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Class+Profile+2028&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.admissions.caltech.edu%2Fapply%2Fwhat-we-look-for%2Fclass-profile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/caltech-congratulates-315-admitted-students">"Caltech Congratulates 315 Admitted Students"</a>. California Institute of Technology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+Congratulates+315+Admitted+Students&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fcaltech-congratulates-315-admitted-students&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.caltech.edu/documents/25197/cds_2023.pdf">"Common Data Set 2023–24"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. California Institute of Technology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Common+Data+Set+2023%E2%80%9324&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.caltech.edu%2Fdocuments%2F25197%2Fcds_2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.caltech.edu/documents/20574/cds_2022.pdf">"Common Data Set 2022–23"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. California Institute of Technology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Common+Data+Set+2022%E2%80%9323&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.caltech.edu%2Fdocuments%2F20574%2Fcds_2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.caltech.edu/documents/18064/cds_2021.pdf">"Common Data Set 2021–22"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. California Institute of Technology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Common+Data+Set+2021%E2%80%9322&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.caltech.edu%2Fdocuments%2F18064%2Fcds_2021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/colleges-that-accept-students-with-the-highest-sat-scores-2016-8/#1-california-institute-of-technology-22">"The 22 colleges that have students with the highest SAT scores"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171021220624/http://www.businessinsider.com/colleges-that-accept-students-with-the-highest-sat-scores-2016-8/#1-california-institute-of-technology-22">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+22+colleges+that+have+students+with+the+highest+SAT+scores&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fcolleges-that-accept-students-with-the-highest-sat-scores-2016-8%2F%231-california-institute-of-technology-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWai" class="citation web cs1">Wai, Rachel Premack, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-50-smartest-colleges-in-america-2016-10">"Here are the 50 smartest colleges in America"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Here+are+the+50+smartest+colleges+in+America&rft.aulast=Wai&rft.aufirst=Rachel+Premack%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fthe-50-smartest-colleges-in-america-2016-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://store.chronicle.com/products/the-almanac-of-higher-education-2024">"The Almanac of Higher Education, 2024"</a>. <i>Chronicle Store</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chronicle+Store&rft.atitle=The+Almanac+of+Higher+Education%2C+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstore.chronicle.com%2Fproducts%2Fthe-almanac-of-higher-education-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-admissions.caltech.edu-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-admissions.caltech.edu_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-admissions.caltech.edu_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admissions.caltech.edu/content/class-profile">"Class Profile - www.admissions.caltech.edu"</a>. <i>admissions.caltech.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171022032521/http://www.admissions.caltech.edu/content/class-profile">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=admissions.caltech.edu&rft.atitle=Class+Profile+-+www.admissions.caltech.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.admissions.caltech.edu%2Fcontent%2Fclass-profile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220723232213/https://www.admissions.caltech.edu/apply/first-year-freshman-applicants/standardized-tests">"Standardized Tests-Three-year Moratorium"</a>. <i>caltech.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admissions.caltech.edu/apply/first-year-freshman-applicants/standardized-tests">the original</a> on July 23, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=caltech.edu&rft.atitle=Standardized+Tests-Three-year+Moratorium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.admissions.caltech.edu%2Fapply%2Ffirst-year-freshman-applicants%2Fstandardized-tests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/caltech-restores-standardized-test-requirement-for-undergraduate-admission">"Caltech Restores Standardized Test Requirement for Undergraduate Admission"</a>. <i>California Institute of Technology</i>. April 11, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.atitle=Caltech+Restores+Standardized+Test+Requirement+for+Undergraduate+Admission&rft.date=2024-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fcaltech-restores-standardized-test-requirement-for-undergraduate-admission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admissions.caltech.edu/apply/preparing-for-caltech/first-generation-applicants">"First-Generation Applicants"</a>. <i>Undergraduate Admissions</i>. Caltech<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Undergraduate+Admissions&rft.atitle=First-Generation+Applicants&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.admissions.caltech.edu%2Fapply%2Fpreparing-for-caltech%2Ffirst-generation-applicants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldsmith2023" class="citation web cs1">Goldsmith, Sascha (May 16, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tech.caltech.edu/issues/2023-05-16.pdf">"Discothèque: A Reflection"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The California Tech</i>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+California+Tech&rft.atitle=Discoth%C3%A8que%3A+A+Reflection&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2023-05-16&rft.aulast=Goldsmith&rft.aufirst=Sascha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftech.caltech.edu%2Fissues%2F2023-05-16.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tech.caltech.edu/2024/03/12/class-of-2028-releases/">"Class of 2028 Receives Acceptance Letters"</a>. <i>tech.caltech.edu</i>. March 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tech.caltech.edu&rft.atitle=Class+of+2028+Receives+Acceptance+Letters&rft.date=2024-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftech.caltech.edu%2F2024%2F03%2F12%2Fclass-of-2028-releases%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/caltech-congratulates-315-admitted-students">"Caltech Congratulates 315 Admitted Students"</a>. <i>California Institute of Technology</i>. March 28, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.atitle=Caltech+Congratulates+315+Admitted+Students&rft.date=2024-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fcaltech-congratulates-315-admitted-students&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.finaid.caltech.edu/costs">"Caltech Financial Aid"</a>. California Institute of Technology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+Financial+Aid&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finaid.caltech.edu%2Fcosts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205215101/http://www.admissions.caltech.edu/learning/options">"Caltech Undergraduate Admissions: Options of Study"</a>. California Institute of Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://admissions.caltech.edu/learning/options">the original</a> on February 5, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+Undergraduate+Admissions%3A+Options+of+Study&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadmissions.caltech.edu%2Flearning%2Foptions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220723232225/https://www.admissions.caltech.edu/explore/academics/majors-minors">"Majors & Minors"</a>. <i>Undergraduate Admissions</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admissions.caltech.edu/explore/academics/majors-minors">the original</a> on July 23, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Undergraduate+Admissions&rft.atitle=Majors+%26+Minors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.admissions.caltech.edu%2Fexplore%2Facademics%2Fmajors-minors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Office_of_the_Registrar_Newsletter-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Office_of_the_Registrar_Newsletter_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Office_of_the_Registrar_Newsletter_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717003110/http://www.registrar.caltech.edu/newsletter%20FA%202010-11.htm">"Office of the Registrar Newsletter"</a>. Caltech Office of the Registrar. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.registrar.caltech.edu/newsletter%20FA%202010-11.htm">the original</a> on July 17, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Office+of+the+Registrar+Newsletter&rft.pub=Caltech+Office+of+the+Registrar&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.registrar.caltech.edu%2Fnewsletter%2520FA%25202010-11.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.caltech.edu/documents/2651/catalog_12_13_part3.pdf">"Caltech Catalog 2012–13, Section Three (Information for Undergraduate Students)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. California Institute of Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404045433/http://catalog.caltech.edu/documents/2651/catalog_12_13_part3.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+Catalog+2012%E2%80%9313%2C+Section+Three+%28Information+for+Undergraduate+Students%29&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.caltech.edu%2Fdocuments%2F2651%2Fcatalog_12_13_part3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admissions.caltech.edu/content/learning">"Caltech Undergraduate Admissions: Core Curriculum"</a>. California Institute of Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002091104/http://www.admissions.caltech.edu/content/learning">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+Undergraduate+Admissions%3A+Core+Curriculum&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.admissions.caltech.edu%2Fcontent%2Flearning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fah-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fah_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fah_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallGreen2009" class="citation web cs1">Hall, John D.; Green, Barbara C. (October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100628065458/http://www.deans.caltech.edu//PDF/FAHOct09.pdf">"Information for Freshman Advisors, 2009–2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. California Institute of Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deans.caltech.edu/PDF/FAHOct09.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+for+Freshman+Advisors%2C+2009%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.date=2009-10&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.au=Green%2C+Barbara+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deans.caltech.edu%2FPDF%2FFAHOct09.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100606164917/http://www.admissions.caltech.edu/faqs">"Caltech Undergraduate Admissions: FAQ"</a>. California Institute of Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admissions.caltech.edu/faqs">the original</a> on June 6, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+Undergraduate+Admissions%3A+FAQ&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.admissions.caltech.edu%2Ffaqs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527102752/http://admissions.caltech.edu/techers/honorcode">"Caltech Undergraduate Admissions: Honor Code"</a>. California Institute of Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admissions.caltech.edu/techers/honorcode">the original</a> on May 27, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+Undergraduate+Admissions%3A+Honor+Code&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.admissions.caltech.edu%2Ftechers%2Fhonorcode&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090724151846/http://www.payscale.com/best-colleges/top-us-colleges-graduate-salary-statistics.asp">"Top US Colleges – Graduate Salary Statistics"</a>. PayScale. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.payscale.com/best-colleges/top-us-colleges-graduate-salary-statistics.asp">the original</a> on July 24, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+US+Colleges+%E2%80%93+Graduate+Salary+Statistics&rft.pub=PayScale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.payscale.com%2Fbest-colleges%2Ftop-us-colleges-graduate-salary-statistics.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.payscale.com/education/average-cost-for-college-ROI">"Colleges Worth Your Investment – Full List"</a>. PayScale. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118121051/http://www.payscale.com/education/average-cost-for-college-ROI">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colleges+Worth+Your+Investment+%E2%80%93+Full+List&rft.pub=PayScale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.payscale.com%2Feducation%2Faverage-cost-for-college-ROI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gradoffice.caltech.edu/admissions/faq-applicants">"Frequently Asked Questions for Applicants"</a>. <i>Graduate Studies Office</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Graduate+Studies+Office&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+for+Applicants&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgradoffice.caltech.edu%2Fadmissions%2Ffaq-applicants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gradoffice.caltech.edu/admissions/checklist">"Application Requirements"</a>. <i>Graduate Studies Office</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Graduate+Studies+Office&rft.atitle=Application+Requirements&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgradoffice.caltech.edu%2Fadmissions%2Fchecklist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gradoffice.caltech.edu/admissions/frequently-asked-questions-for-admitted-students">"Frequently Asked Questions for Admitted Students"</a>. <i>Graduate Studies Office</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Graduate+Studies+Office&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+for+Admitted+Students&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgradoffice.caltech.edu%2Fadmissions%2Ffrequently-asked-questions-for-admitted-students&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://housing.caltech.edu/grads">"Graduate Students"</a>. <i>Caltech Housing</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caltech+Housing&rft.atitle=Graduate+Students&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhousing.caltech.edu%2Fgrads&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://housing.caltech.edu/grads/lottery-properties">"Lottery Properties"</a>. <i>Caltech Housing</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caltech+Housing&rft.atitle=Lottery+Properties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhousing.caltech.edu%2Fgrads%2Flottery-properties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101102224735/http://www.gradoffice.caltech.edu/research">"Research Facilities"</a>. Caltech. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gradoffice.caltech.edu/research">the original</a> on November 2, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Research+Facilities&rft.pub=Caltech&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gradoffice.caltech.edu%2Fresearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101021070617/http://www.gradoffice.caltech.edu/facultyandstaff">"Faculty"</a>. Caltech. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gradoffice.caltech.edu/facultyandstaff">the original</a> on October 21, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Faculty&rft.pub=Caltech&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gradoffice.caltech.edu%2Ffacultyandstaff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://keck.usc.edu/education/md-program/combined-degrees/md-phd-program/">"MD/PhD Program – Keck School of Medicine of USC"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160807052045/http://keck.usc.edu/education/md-program/combined-degrees/md-phd-program/">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MD%2FPhD+Program+%E2%80%93+Keck+School+of+Medicine+of+USC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkeck.usc.edu%2Feducation%2Fmd-program%2Fcombined-degrees%2Fmd-phd-program%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406232526/http://mstp.healthsciences.ucla.edu/pages/">"UCLA Caltech Medical Science Training Program"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mstp.healthsciences.ucla.edu/pages/">the original</a> on April 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UCLA+Caltech+Medical+Science+Training+Program&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmstp.healthsciences.ucla.edu%2Fpages%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gradoffice.caltech.edu/financialsupport">"Financial Support"</a>. Caltech. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100928030947/http://www.gradoffice.caltech.edu/financialsupport">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Financial+Support&rft.pub=Caltech&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gradoffice.caltech.edu%2Ffinancialsupport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gradoffice.caltech.edu/current/community-standards">"Community Standards"</a>. <i>Graduate Studies Office</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Graduate+Studies+Office&rft.atitle=Community+Standards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgradoffice.caltech.edu%2Fcurrent%2Fcommunity-standards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220430132224/https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=110404">"Carnegie Classifications – Institution Profile"</a>. Indiana University Center for Postsecondary Research. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=110404">the original</a> on April 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carnegie+Classifications+%E2%80%93+Institution+Profile&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Center+for+Postsecondary+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieclassifications.iu.edu%2Flookup%2Fview_institution.php%3Funit_id%3D110404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Funding for Caltech does not include NASA's funding for JPL.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nsf_expenditures-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nsf_expenditures_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110110112816/https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10311/pdf/tab27.pdf">"R&D expenditures at universities and colleges, ranked by FY 2008 R&D expenditures: FY 2001–08"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Science Foundation. April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10311/pdf/tab27.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%26D+expenditures+at+universities+and+colleges%2C+ranked+by+FY+2008+R%26D+expenditures%3A+FY+2001%E2%80%9308&rft.pub=National+Science+Foundation&rft.date=2010-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fstatistics%2Fnsf10311%2Fpdf%2Ftab27.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110110113021/https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10311/pdf/tab35.pdf">"R&D expenditures at all universities and colleges without a medical school, ranked by all R&D expenditures, by source of funds: FY 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Science Foundation. April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10311/pdf/tab35.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%26D+expenditures+at+all+universities+and+colleges+without+a+medical+school%2C+ranked+by+all+R%26D+expenditures%2C+by+source+of+funds%3A+FY+2008&rft.pub=National+Science+Foundation&rft.date=2010-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fstatistics%2Fnsf10311%2Fpdf%2Ftab35.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110110114034/https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10311/pdf/tab70.pdf">"Federally financed R&D expenditures at universities and colleges reporting federal agency detail, ranked by all federal R&D expenditures, by federal agency:FY 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Science Foundation. April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10311/pdf/tab70.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federally+financed+R%26D+expenditures+at+universities+and+colleges+reporting+federal+agency+detail%2C+ranked+by+all+federal+R%26D+expenditures%2C+by+federal+agency%3AFY+2008&rft.pub=National+Science+Foundation&rft.date=2010-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fstatistics%2Fnsf10311%2Fpdf%2Ftab70.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110110114110/https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10311/pdf/tab71.pdf">"Federally financed R&D expenditures at universities and colleges reporting federal agency detail, ranked by all federal R&D expenditures, by science and engineering field: FY 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Science Foundation. April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10311/pdf/tab71.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federally+financed+R%26D+expenditures+at+universities+and+colleges+reporting+federal+agency+detail%2C+ranked+by+all+federal+R%26D+expenditures%2C+by+science+and+engineering+field%3A+FY+2008&rft.pub=National+Science+Foundation&rft.date=2010-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fstatistics%2Fnsf10311%2Fpdf%2Ftab71.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-annual_report-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-annual_report_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100512155937/http://annual-report.caltech.edu/Financials">"Annual Report 2008-2009"</a>. <i>California Institute of Technology</i>. April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://annual-report.caltech.edu/Financials">the original</a> on May 12, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.atitle=Annual+Report+2008-2009&rft.date=2010-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fannual-report.caltech.edu%2FFinancials&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/awards/award_visualization.jsp?org=MPS#showAwardDollars=true">"Mathematical & Physical Sciences (MPS) Active Awards"</a>. National Science Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111016072621/http://nsf.gov/awards/award_visualization.jsp?org=MPS#showAwardDollars=true">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mathematical+%26+Physical+Sciences+%28MPS%29+Active+Awards&rft.pub=National+Science+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fawards%2Faward_visualization.jsp%3Forg%3DMPS%23showAwardDollars%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606104925/https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf07325/pdf/tab12.pdf">"Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by state, control, institution, and field: FY 2005"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Science Foundation. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf07325/pdf/tab12.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Science+and+engineering+research+space+in+academic+institutions%2C+by+state%2C+control%2C+institution%2C+and+field%3A+FY+2005&rft.pub=National+Science+Foundation&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fstatistics%2Fnsf07325%2Fpdf%2Ftab12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kavli_Nanoscience_Institute_(website)-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kavli_Nanoscience_Institute_(website)_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kni.caltech.edu/">"Kavli Nanoscience Institute (website)"</a>. California Institute of Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100619142037/http://kni.caltech.edu/">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kavli+Nanoscience+Institute+%28website%29&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkni.caltech.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mstp.healthsciences.ucla.edu/">"MSTP – Medical Scientist Training Program – Dedicated to educating and training exceptionally qualified individuals for careers in the biomedical and sociomedical sciences"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MSTP+%E2%80%93+Medical+Scientist+Training+Program+%E2%80%93+Dedicated+to+educating+and+training+exceptionally+qualified+individuals+for+careers+in+the+biomedical+and+sociomedical+sciences.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmstp.healthsciences.ucla.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.surf.caltech.edu/history/SURFAR2010.pdf">"SURF Annual Report 2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Caltech. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719161225/http://www.surf.caltech.edu/history/SURFAR2010.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SURF+Annual+Report+2010&rft.pub=Caltech&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surf.caltech.edu%2Fhistory%2FSURFAR2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Science_Foundation" class="citation web cs1">National Science Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150704080248/https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf08311/?govDel=USNSF_178http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fstatistics%2Finfbrief%2Fnsf08311%2F%3FgovDel%3DUSNSF_178#tab2">"nsf.gov – NCSES Baccalaureate Origins of S&E Doctorate Recipients – US National Science Foundation (NSF)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf08311/?govDel=USNSF_178http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fstatistics%2Finfbrief%2Fnsf08311%2F%3FgovDel%3DUSNSF_178#tab2">the original</a> on July 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=nsf.gov+%E2%80%93+NCSES+Baccalaureate+Origins+of+S%26E+Doctorate+Recipients+%E2%80%93+US+National+Science+Foundation+%28NSF%29&rft.au=National+Science+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fstatistics%2Finfbrief%2Fnsf08311%2F%3FgovDel%3DUSNSF_178http%253A%252F%252Fwww.nsf.gov%252Fstatistics%252Finfbrief%252Fnsf08311%252F%253FgovDel%253DUSNSF_178%23tab2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160711042505/http://www.ott.caltech.edu/">"Home - www.innovation.caltech.edu"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ott.caltech.edu/">the original</a> on July 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+-+www.innovation.caltech.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ott.caltech.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/univ/org_gr/all_univ_ag.htm">"U.S. Colleges and Universities- Utility Patent Grants, Calendar Years 1969–2008"</a>. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111018030857/http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/univ/org_gr/all_univ_ag.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Colleges+and+Universities-+Utility+Patent+Grants%2C+Calendar+Years+1969%E2%80%932008&rft.pub=U.S.+Patent+and+Trademark+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uspto.gov%2Fweb%2Foffices%2Fac%2Fido%2Foeip%2Ftaf%2Funiv%2Forg_gr%2Fall_univ_ag.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collegescorecard.ed.gov/school/?110404-California-Institute-of-Technology">"College Scorecard: California Institute of Technology"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">United States Department of Education</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=College+Scorecard%3A+California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollegescorecard.ed.gov%2Fschool%2F%3F110404-California-Institute-of-Technology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaadi2012" class="citation news cs1">Saadi, Fadl (May 7, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mic.com/articles/7995/caltech-s-shocking-lack-of-diversity-a-microcosm-for-the-united-states">"Caltech's Shocking Lack of Diversity: A Microcosm for the United States?"</a>. <i>Mic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170317233627/https://mic.com/articles/7995/caltech-s-shocking-lack-of-diversity-a-microcosm-for-the-united-states">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mic&rft.atitle=Caltech%27s+Shocking+Lack+of+Diversity%3A+A+Microcosm+for+the+United+States%3F&rft.date=2012-05-07&rft.aulast=Saadi&rft.aufirst=Fadl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmic.com%2Farticles%2F7995%2Fcaltech-s-shocking-lack-of-diversity-a-microcosm-for-the-united-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/highest-grad-rate">"Best Colleges: Highest graduation rates"</a>. <i>U.S. News & World Report</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100605180250/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/highest-grad-rate">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Best+Colleges%3A+Highest+graduation+rates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcolleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com%2Fbest-colleges%2Fhighest-grad-rate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100701021646/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,842975-2,00.html">"Universities: Caltech & M.I.T.: Rivalry Between the Best"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. November 4, 1966. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,842975-2,00.html">the original</a> on July 1, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Universities%3A+Caltech+%26+M.I.T.%3A+Rivalry+Between+the+Best&rft.date=1966-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C842975-2%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100307231035/http://heri.ucla.edu/nih/HERI_ResearchBrief_OL_2010_STEM.pdf">"Degrees of Success: Bachelor's Degree Completion Rates among Initial STEM Majors"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Higher Education Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles. January 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heri.ucla.edu/nih/HERI_ResearchBrief_OL_2010_STEM.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 7, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Degrees+of+Success%3A+Bachelor%27s+Degree+Completion+Rates+among+Initial+STEM+Majors&rft.pub=Higher+Education+Research+Institute%2C+University+of+California%2C+Los+Angeles&rft.date=2010-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheri.ucla.edu%2Fnih%2FHERI_ResearchBrief_OL_2010_STEM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dandc.caltech.edu/_projects/complete-capital-projects/bechtel-residence">"Bechtel Residence | Design and Construction"</a>. <i>dandc.caltech.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191112183605/http://dandc.caltech.edu/_projects/complete-capital-projects/bechtel-residence">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dandc.caltech.edu&rft.atitle=Bechtel+Residence+%7C+Design+and+Construction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdandc.caltech.edu%2F_projects%2Fcomplete-capital-projects%2Fbechtel-residence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-houses-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-houses_151-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://housing.sites.caltech.edu/Undergrads">"Caltech Undergraduate Housing"</a>. California Institute of Technology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+Undergraduate+Housing&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhousing.sites.caltech.edu%2FUndergrads&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.athletics.caltech.edu/">Caltech Athletics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070110133534/http://www.athletics.caltech.edu/">Archived</a> January 10, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved November 19, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417114557/https://www.caltech.edu/content/did-you-know">"About Caltech"</a>. Athletics.caltech.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/content/did-you-know">the original</a> on April 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Caltech&rft.pub=Athletics.caltech.edu.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fcontent%2Fdid-you-know&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesciac.org/information/about/index">Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070811150031/http://www.thesciac.org/information/about/index">Archived</a> August 11, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved November 19, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press2007" class="citation news cs1">Associated Press (January 7, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/news/story?id=2723039">"Caltech crushes Bard College to end 207-game slide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100116062404/http://sports.espn.go.com/ncb/news/story?id=2723039">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Caltech+crushes+Bard+College+to+end+207-game+slide&rft.date=2007-01-07&rft.au=Associated+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmens-college-basketball%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fid%3D2723039&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBranch2011" class="citation news cs1">Branch, John (February 23, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/24/sports/ncaabasketball/24caltech.html">"Caltech Scores First Conference Victory Since 1985"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110303055738/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/24/sports/ncaabasketball/24caltech.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Caltech+Scores+First+Conference+Victory+Since+1985&rft.date=2011-02-23&rft.aulast=Branch&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F02%2F24%2Fsports%2Fncaabasketball%2F24caltech.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBranch2010" class="citation news cs1">Branch, John (December 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/16/sports/ncaabasketball/16caltech.html">"Sky-High SATs, but the Team's at Rock Bottom"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101216053601/http://www.nytimes.com//2010//12//16//sports//ncaabasketball//16caltech.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sky-High+SATs%2C+but+the+Team%27s+at+Rock+Bottom&rft.date=2010-12-15&rft.aulast=Branch&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F12%2F16%2Fsports%2Fncaabasketball%2F16caltech.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.athletics.caltech.edu/">"Caltech Athletics"</a>. <i>Athletics.caltech.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080628001250/http://www.athletics.caltech.edu/">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Athletics.caltech.edu&rft.atitle=Caltech+Athletics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.athletics.caltech.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223110708/http://www.physical-education.pomona.edu/womens/basketball/stats/2007/pom-cit.htm">"Pomona-Pitzer College vs Caltech (01–13–07 at Caltech Braun Center)"</a>. January 13, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physical-education.pomona.edu/womens/basketball/stats/2007/pom-cit.htm">the original</a> on December 23, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pomona-Pitzer+College+vs+Caltech+%2801%E2%80%9313%E2%80%9307+at+Caltech+Braun+Center%29&rft.date=2007-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physical-education.pomona.edu%2Fwomens%2Fbasketball%2Fstats%2F2007%2Fpom-cit.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesciac.org/sports/wbkb/2006-07/news/wbb_allsciac_0607">"2007 Women's Basketball All-SCIAC Awards"</a>. March 7, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071027154103/http://www.thesciac.org/sports/wbkb/2006-07/news/wbb_allsciac_0607">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2007+Women%27s+Basketball+All-SCIAC+Awards&rft.date=2007-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesciac.org%2Fsports%2Fwbkb%2F2006-07%2Fnews%2Fwbb_allsciac_0607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://upa.org/scores/scores.cgi?page=22&div=34">College Women's Top UPA Rankings</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070804004314/http://www.upa.org/scores/scores.cgi?page=22&div=34">Archived</a> August 4, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ultimate Player's Association. Retrieved November 19, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130206104849/http://www.ajc.com/ap/ap/top-news/caltech-baseball-team-ends-228-game-skid/nWDxS">"Caltech baseball team ends 228-game skid"</a>. <i>ajc.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajc.com/ap/ap/top-news/caltech-baseball-team-ends-228-game-skid/nWDxS/">the original</a> on February 6, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ajc.com&rft.atitle=Caltech+baseball+team+ends+228-game+skid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fap%2Fap%2Ftop-news%2Fcaltech-baseball-team-ends-228-game-skid%2FnWDxS%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Official 2004 NCAA Football Records Book</i>. National Collegiate Athletic Association. 2004. p. 409. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0735-5475">0735-5475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+2004+NCAA+Football+Records+Book&rft.pages=409&rft.pub=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=0735-5475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAird2008" class="citation news cs1">Aird, Donovan (June 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7780&context=studentnewspaper">"How the West was undone"</a>. <i>Mustang Daily</i>. p. 14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mustang+Daily&rft.atitle=How+the+West+was+undone&rft.pages=14&rft.date=2008-06-05&rft.aulast=Aird&rft.aufirst=Donovan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.calpoly.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D7780%26context%3Dstudentnewspaper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604061921/http://www.music.caltech.edu/gleeclub/">"Caltech Glee Clubs"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.music.caltech.edu/gleeclub/">the original</a> on June 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+Glee+Clubs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.music.caltech.edu%2Fgleeclub%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caltech1-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Caltech1_166-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiszpanski2006" class="citation news cs1">Hiszpanski, Anna (April 3, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caltechcampuspubs.library.caltech.edu/1976/1/2006_04_01_107_21.pdf">"Fleming Cannon Gone"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The California Tech</i>. Vol. 107, no. 21. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140419014754/http://caltechcampuspubs.library.caltech.edu/1976/1/2006_04_01_107_21.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 19, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+California+Tech&rft.atitle=Fleming+Cannon+Gone&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2006-04-03&rft.aulast=Hiszpanski&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaltechcampuspubs.library.caltech.edu%2F1976%2F1%2F2006_04_01_107_21.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/04/19/comedy_on_campus_mit_takes_on_caltech_for_prank_distinction/">"Comedy on campus: MIT takes on Caltech for prank distinction"</a>. <i>The Boston Globe</i>. April 19, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205095630/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/04/19/comedy_on_campus_mit_takes_on_caltech_for_prank_distinction/">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Comedy+on+campus%3A+MIT+takes+on+Caltech+for+prank+distinction&rft.date=2006-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Farticles%2F2006%2F04%2F19%2Fcomedy_on_campus_mit_takes_on_caltech_for_prank_distinction%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/5867982/california-pulls-portal-prank-on-new-york">California Pulls Portal Prank on New York</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120110053522/http://kotaku.com/5867982/california-pulls-portal-prank-on-new-york">Archived</a> January 10, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Kotaku.com. Retrieved July 21, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://east.caltech.edu/">Caltech Opens Humanities School at MIT Campus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091202233541/http://east.caltech.edu/">Archived</a> December 2, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, December 6, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pasadenastarnews.com/ci_13939751">Citybeats: Future Tournament of Roses chief vows even better parades</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091212234513/http://www.pasadenastarnews.com/ci_13939751">Archived</a> December 12, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Pasadena Star-News</i>, December 6, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://features.caltech.edu/features/97">What's (Literally) Up with the TARDIS?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110110043152/http://features.caltech.edu/features/97">Archived</a> January 10, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Caltech Features, January 6, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alessondra_Springmann,_PCWorld-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alessondra_Springmann,_PCWorld_172-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/219292/dr_whos_tardis_lands_at_mit_caltech_and_berkeley.html">Dr. Who's TARDIS Lands at MIT, Caltech, and Berkeley</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110420130828/http://www.pcworld.com/article/219292/dr_whos_tardis_lands_at_mit_caltech_and_berkeley.html">Archived</a> April 20, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by Alessondra Springmann, <a href="/wiki/PC_World_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="PC World (magazine)">PCWorld</a>, February 10, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hacks.mit.edu/by_year/2010/tardis/">TARDIS on building 7, great dome, and beyond</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110423174627/http://hacks.mit.edu/by_year/2010/tardis/">Archived</a> April 23, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>IHTFP Hack Gallery</i>, April 25, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bookstore.caltech.edu/catalogs/CatalogProductItems?Title=Drinkware&Sku=1*100985&Delc=Merchandise">"CatalogProductITems – Caltech Bookstore"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180930081159/https://bookstore.caltech.edu/catalogs/CatalogProductItems?Title=Drinkware&Sku=1*100985&Delc=Merchandise">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CatalogProductITems+%E2%80%93+Caltech+Bookstore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbookstore.caltech.edu%2Fcatalogs%2FCatalogProductItems%3FTitle%3DDrinkware%26Sku%3D1%2A100985%26Delc%3DMerchandise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091106150251/http://donut.caltech.edu/about/boc/ug_handbook.php">"The Honor System Handbook from the Board of Control at Caltech.edu"</a>. Donut.caltech.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://donut.caltech.edu/about/boc/ug_handbook.php">the original</a> on November 6, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Honor+System+Handbook+from+the+Board+of+Control+at+Caltech.edu&rft.pub=Donut.caltech.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdonut.caltech.edu%2Fabout%2Fboc%2Fug_handbook.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130408100956/http://www.gradoffice.caltech.edu/current/hc">"Graduate Studies Office – The Honor Code"</a>. gradoffice.caltech.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gradoffice.caltech.edu/current/hc">the original</a> on April 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Graduate+Studies+Office+%E2%80%93+The+Honor+Code&rft.pub=gradoffice.caltech.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gradoffice.caltech.edu%2Fcurrent%2Fhc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez2003" class="citation news cs1">Rodriguez, Juan (February 24, 2003). "Ricketts Pres. Apologizes". The California Tech. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ricketts+Pres.+Apologizes&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2003-02-24&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Juan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caltechcampuspubs.library.caltech.edu/2580/1/Issue_8.5.pdf">"An open letter from concerned alumni & More"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The California Tech</i>. November 17, 2011. pp. <span class="nowrap">2–</span>4, <span class="nowrap">6–</span>8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221010/https://caltechcampuspubs.library.caltech.edu/2580/1/Issue_8.5.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+California+Tech&rft.atitle=An+open+letter+from+concerned+alumni+%26+More&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2-%3C%2Fspan%3E4%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E6-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=2011-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaltechcampuspubs.library.caltech.edu%2F2580%2F1%2FIssue_8.5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/remembering-renato-dulbecco-4231">"Remembering Renato Dulbecco"</a>. California Institute of Technology. March 5, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+Renato+Dulbecco&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.date=2012-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fremembering-renato-dulbecco-4231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cce.caltech.edu/people/john-j-hopfield">"John J. Hopfield"</a>. California Institute of Technology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+J.+Hopfield&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcce.caltech.edu%2Fpeople%2Fjohn-j-hopfield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/legacy/awards-and-honors/nobel-laureates">"Nobel Laureates"</a>. California Institute of Technology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobel+Laureates&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fabout%2Flegacy%2Fawards-and-honors%2Fnobel-laureates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160725090035/http://www.caltech.edu/content/caltech-glance">"Caltech at a Glance"</a>. California Institute of Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caltech.edu/content/caltech-glance">the original</a> on July 25, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+at+a+Glance&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fcontent%2Fcaltech-glance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-science_now-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-science_now_183-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCipra2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Arthur_Cipra" title="Barry Arthur Cipra">Cipra, Barry Arthur</a> (August 19, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100822014407/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2010/08/fields-medals-other-top-math-pri.html">"Fields Medals, Other Top Math Prizes, Awarded"</a>. <i>Science Now</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2010/08/fields-medals-other-top-math-pri.html">the original</a> on August 22, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Now&rft.atitle=Fields+Medals%2C+Other+Top+Math+Prizes%2C+Awarded&rft.date=2010-08-19&rft.aulast=Cipra&rft.aufirst=Barry+Arthur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sciencemag.org%2Fsciencenow%2F2010%2F08%2Ffields-medals-other-top-math-pri.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeborah_Lee_Soltesz" class="citation web cs1">Deborah Lee Soltesz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/About/AstroHistory/schmitt.html">"USGS Astrogeology: Astronaut Harrison H. Schmitt"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> – Astrogeology Program. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017182740/http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/About/AstroHistory/schmitt.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USGS+Astrogeology%3A+Astronaut+Harrison+H.+Schmitt&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey+%E2%80%93+Astrogeology+Program&rft.au=Deborah+Lee+Soltesz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fastrogeology.usgs.gov%2FAbout%2FAstroHistory%2Fschmitt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In 1998, Celestis, at the request of NASA, provided a Luna Flight Capsule to the family and friends of the astronomer and planetary geologist Eugene Shoemaker. The Celestis Flight Capsule, containing a symbolic portion of Shoemaker's cremated remains, was attached to NASA's Lunar Prospector spacecraft and launched on a one-year mission orbiting the Moon. On July 31, 1999, at the completion of Lunar Prospector's mission, the spacecraft was intentionally crashed into the <oon's south pole, making Shoemaker the first human to be laid to rest on another celestial body. NASA called the memorial "a special honor for a special human being.""<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClara_Moskowitz2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clara_Moskowitz" title="Clara Moskowitz">Clara Moskowitz</a> (March 28, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/news/080328-moon-burial.html">"Fly Me to the Moon ... Forever"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Space.com" title="Space.com">Space.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100802160650/http://www.space.com/news/080328-moon-burial.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fly+Me+to+the+Moon+...+Forever&rft.pub=Space.com&rft.date=2008-03-28&rft.au=Clara+Moskowitz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fnews%2F080328-moon-burial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb4d5nb20m;NAAN=13030&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00002&toc.depth=1&toc.id=&brand=calisphere">"George O. Abell, Astronomy: Los Angeles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Calisphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Calisphere">calisphere</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001161554/http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb4d5nb20m;NAAN=13030&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00002&toc.depth=1&toc.id=&brand=calisphere">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=calisphere&rft.atitle=George+O.+Abell%2C+Astronomy%3A+Los+Angeles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.cdlib.org%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dhb4d5nb20m%3BNAAN%3D13030%26doc.view%3Dframes%26chunk.id%3Ddiv00002%26toc.depth%3D1%26toc.id%3D%26brand%3Dcalisphere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/York_Liao" title="York Liao">York Liao</a> (BS 1967)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaltech_News1997" class="citation web cs1">Caltech News (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pr.caltech.edu/periodicals/CaltechNews/articles/archive/AlumniAlbum3_97/">"Caltech Alumni Album Profiles '50s, '60s, '70s and '80s – York Liao '67"</a>. California Institute of Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100604104726/http://pr.caltech.edu/periodicals/CaltechNews/articles/archive/AlumniAlbum3_97/">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltech+Alumni+Album+Profiles+%2750s%2C+%2760s%2C+%2770s+and+%2780s+%E2%80%93+York+Liao+%2767&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Caltech+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpr.caltech.edu%2Fperiodicals%2FCaltechNews%2Farticles%2Farchive%2FAlumniAlbum3_97%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sabeer_Bhatia" title="Sabeer Bhatia">Sabeer Bhatia</a>, BS 1991<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaltech_Media_Relations2008" class="citation web cs1">Caltech Media Relations (July 18, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100602010113/http://media.caltech.edu/press_releases/13166">"SURFing the Waves of Success for 30 Years"</a>. California Institute of Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.caltech.edu/press_releases/13166">the original</a> on June 2, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SURFing+the+Waves+of+Success+for+30+Years&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.date=2008-07-18&rft.au=Caltech+Media+Relations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.caltech.edu%2Fpress_releases%2F13166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benjamin Rosen, BS 1954<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaltech_Alumni_Association" class="citation web cs1">Caltech Alumni Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716194112/http://alumni.caltech.edu/distinguished_alumni/search_results?search_text=Benjamin+Rosen">"Distinguished Alumni Award – Benjamin M. Rosen"</a>. Caltech Alumni Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alumni.caltech.edu/distinguished_alumni/search_results?search_text=Benjamin+Rosen">the original</a> on July 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Distinguished+Alumni+Award+%E2%80%93+Benjamin+M.+Rosen&rft.pub=Caltech+Alumni+Association&rft.au=Caltech+Alumni+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falumni.caltech.edu%2Fdistinguished_alumni%2Fsearch_results%3Fsearch_text%3DBenjamin%2BRosen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cleve_Moler" title="Cleve Moler">Cleve Moler</a>, BS 1961 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150117143748/http://www.siam.org/about/news-siam.php?id=171">"Cleve Moler Elected Next SIAM President"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Industrial_and_Applied_Mathematics" title="Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics">Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics</a>. December 16, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siam.org/about/news-siam.php?id=171">the original</a> on January 17, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cleve+Moler+Elected+Next+SIAM+President&rft.pub=Society+for+Industrial+and+Applied+Mathematics&rft.date=2005-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siam.org%2Fabout%2Fnews-siam.php%3Fid%3D171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imply.io/leadership-team/">"Leadership"</a>. <i>Imply</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imply&rft.atitle=Leadership&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimply.io%2Fleadership-team%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Moore" title="Gordon Moore">Gordon Moore</a>, PhD 1954<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaltech_Alumni_Association" class="citation web cs1">Caltech Alumni Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716194129/http://alumni.caltech.edu/distinguished_alumni/search_results?search_text=Gordon+Moore">"Distinguished Alumni Award – Gordon E. Moore"</a>. Caltech Alumni Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alumni.caltech.edu/distinguished_alumni/search_results?search_text=Gordon+Moore">the original</a> on July 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Distinguished+Alumni+Award+%E2%80%93+Gordon+E.+Moore&rft.pub=Caltech+Alumni+Association&rft.au=Caltech+Alumni+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falumni.caltech.edu%2Fdistinguished_alumni%2Fsearch_results%3Fsearch_text%3DGordon%2BMoore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Ramo" title="Simon Ramo">Simon Ramo</a>, PhD 1936 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaltech_Public_Relations2010" class="citation web cs1">Caltech Public Relations (February 24, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://today.caltech.edu/today/story-display.tcl?story_id=42622">"The Singular Si Ramo"</a>. Caltech Today (via California Institute of Technology). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928124720/http://today.caltech.edu/today/story-display.tcl?story_id=42622">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Singular+Si+Ramo&rft.pub=Caltech+Today+%28via+California+Institute+of+Technology%29&rft.date=2010-02-24&rft.au=Caltech+Public+Relations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftoday.caltech.edu%2Ftoday%2Fstory-display.tcl%3Fstory_id%3D42622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Oppenheimer" title="Frank Oppenheimer">Frank Oppenheimer</a>, PhD 1939 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaltech_Alumni_Association" class="citation web cs1">Caltech Alumni Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716194244/http://alumni.caltech.edu/distinguished_alumni/search_results?search_text=Frank+Oppenheimer">"Frank Oppenheimer"</a>. Caltech Alumni Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alumni.caltech.edu/distinguished_alumni/search_results?search_text=Frank+Oppenheimer">the original</a> on July 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frank+Oppenheimer&rft.pub=Caltech+Alumni+Association&rft.au=Caltech+Alumni+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falumni.caltech.edu%2Fdistinguished_alumni%2Fsearch_results%3Fsearch_text%3DFrank%2BOppenheimer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shockley_byNobelPrizeFoundation1956-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shockley_byNobelPrizeFoundation1956_195-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shockley_byNobelPrizeFoundation1956_195-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Nobel_Foundation1956" class="citation web cs1">The Nobel Foundation (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org//nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1956/shockley-bio.html">"William B. Shockley – Biography"</a>. The Nobel Prize Committee (official site). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100226151231/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1956/shockley-bio.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+B.+Shockley+%E2%80%93+Biography&rft.pub=The+Nobel+Prize+Committee+%28official+site%29&rft.date=1956&rft.au=The+Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2F%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1956%2Fshockley-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBill_Roberts2005" class="citation web cs1">Bill Roberts (November 1, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070127035527/http://www.edn.com/article/CA6279562.html">"The Ten Most Influential Executives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/EDN_(magazine)" title="EDN (magazine)">EDN</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edn.com/article/CA6279562.html">the original</a> on January 27, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EDN&rft.atitle=The+Ten+Most+Influential+Executives&rft.date=2005-11-01&rft.au=Bill+Roberts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edn.com%2Farticle%2FCA6279562.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"How he was miserable is more complicated than even I could get into a hundred thousand word book. There was something wrong with him. What was wrong with him, we don't really know. He was at best paranoid. He was probably obsessive-compulsive. The manuscript of the book has been shown to about six or seven psychotherapist, and I asked them for a diagnosis, and they came back with six or seven different diagnoses." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIra_Flatow_(interview)_with_journalist_Joel_Shurkin2006" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ira_Flatow" title="Ira Flatow">Ira Flatow</a> (interview) with journalist Joel Shurkin (July 21, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5573656">"Electronics Pioneer William Shockley's Legacy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180818184748/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5573656">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electronics+Pioneer+William+Shockley%27s+Legacy&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2006-07-21&rft.au=Ira+Flatow+%28interview%29+with+journalist+Joel+Shurkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D5573656&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Shockley, whose role as coinventor of the transistor would win him a share of the 1956 Nobel Prize in physics, succeeded in luring a diverse group of accomplished scientists, including Moore, to the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, in Palo Alto, California. He then proceeded to antagonize and alienate enough of them to inspire an exodus."<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillary_Bhaskaran2002" class="citation web cs1">Hillary Bhaskaran (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101025090001/http://pr.caltech.edu/periodicals/CaltechNews/articles/v36/moore.html">"Calibrating Gordon Moore"</a>. Caltech News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pr.caltech.edu/periodicals/caltechnews/articles/v36/moore.html">the original</a> on October 25, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Calibrating+Gordon+Moore&rft.pub=Caltech+News&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Hillary+Bhaskaran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpr.caltech.edu%2Fperiodicals%2Fcaltechnews%2Farticles%2Fv36%2Fmoore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Joel Shurnkin: ... He decided he was going to be the first entrepreneur of the electronic age, and indeed he was. With backing from a man named <a href="/wiki/Arnold_O._Beckman" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold O. Beckman">Arnold Beckman</a>, he founded Shockley Semiconductor in Palo Alto and he was going to build – at least at first he was going to build silicon transistors. It was his decision that they use <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">germanium</a>, otherwise we'd be talking about Germanium Valley out there instead of Silicon Valley. (Soundbite of laughter) "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIra_Flatow_(interview)_with_journalist_Joel_Shurkin2006" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ira_Flatow" title="Ira Flatow">Ira Flatow</a> (interview) with journalist Joel Shurkin (July 21, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5573656">"Electronics Pioneer William Shockley's Legacy – Transcript"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180818184748/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5573656">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electronics+Pioneer+William+Shockley%27s+Legacy+%E2%80%93+Transcript&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2006-07-21&rft.au=Ira+Flatow+%28interview%29+with+journalist+Joel+Shurkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D5573656&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110231545/https://alumni.caltech.edu/articles/558">"Ellen Williams (PhD '82) Nominated as Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy"</a>. Caltech Alumni Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alumni.caltech.edu/articles/558">the original</a> on November 10, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ellen+Williams+%28PhD+%2782%29+Nominated+as+Director+of+the+Advanced+Research+Projects+Agency-Energy&rft.pub=Caltech+Alumni+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falumni.caltech.edu%2Farticles%2F558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719160205/http://alumni.caltech.edu/distinguished_alumni/search_results?search_text=Frank+Capra">"Distinguished Alumni Award – Frank Capra"</a>. California Institute of Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alumni.caltech.edu/distinguished_alumni/search_results?search_text=Frank+Capra">the original</a> on July 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Distinguished+Alumni+Award+%E2%80%93+Frank+Capra&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falumni.caltech.edu%2Fdistinguished_alumni%2Fsearch_results%3Fsearch_text%3DFrank%2BCapra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.aaas.org/people/plist.php?type=President">"AAAS Presidents"</a>. AAAS. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724213136/http://archives.aaas.org/people/plist.php?type=President">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AAAS+Presidents&rft.pub=AAAS&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.aaas.org%2Fpeople%2Fplist.php%3Ftype%3DPresident&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716233207/http://www.admissions.caltech.edu/learning/faculty">"Faculty"</a>. Caltech. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admissions.caltech.edu/learning/faculty">the original</a> on July 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Faculty&rft.pub=Caltech&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.admissions.caltech.edu%2Flearning%2Ffaculty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.com/article/faculty-salaries-data-2012/131431#id=110404">"AAUP Faculty Salary Survey"</a>. <i>The Chronicle of Higher Education</i>. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120410121404/http://chronicle.com/article/faculty-salaries-data-2012/131431/#id=110404">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=AAUP+Faculty+Salary+Survey&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.com%2Farticle%2Ffaculty-salaries-data-2012%2F131431%23id%3D110404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.com/stats/productivity/page.php?year=2007&institution=226&byinst=Go">"Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index – California Institute of Technology"</a>. <i>The Chronicle of Higher Education</i>. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611100518/http://chronicle.com/stats/productivity/page.php?year=2007&institution=226&byinst=Go">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Faculty+Scholarly+Productivity+Index+%E2%80%93+California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.com%2Fstats%2Fproductivity%2Fpage.php%3Fyear%3D2007%26institution%3D226%26byinst%3DGo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.innovation.caltech.edu/">"Office of Technology Transfer & Corporate Partnerships"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181118135544/http://www.innovation.caltech.edu/">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Office+of+Technology+Transfer+%26+Corporate+Partnerships&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.innovation.caltech.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://universityspinoff.wordpress.com/">"University Spinoffs"</a>. <i>University Spinoffs</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100507102529/http://universityspinoff.wordpress.com/">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+Spinoffs&rft.atitle=University+Spinoffs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funiversityspinoff.wordpress.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://innovation.caltech.edu/startups">"OTTCP's Startups Map"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150106103032/http://innovation.caltech.edu/startups">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OTTCP%27s+Startups+Map&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finnovation.caltech.edu%2Fstartups&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-realgenius-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-realgenius_209-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-realgenius_209-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alumnus.caltech.edu/~erich/real_genius_refs.html">Caltech References in "Real Genius"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510204808/http://alumnus.caltech.edu/~erich/real_genius_refs.html">Archived</a> May 10, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2007-11-19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cowan-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cowan_210-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cowan, Douglas E. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol11no1/CowanWarWorlds.htm">Intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic: Science, Religion, and <i>The War of the Worlds</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090517134558/http://www.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol11no1/CowanWarWorlds.htm">Archived</a> May 17, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i>Journal of Religion and Film</i>, Vol. 11, No. 1, April 1, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thirteen.org/curious/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"CURIOUS" from Thirteen/WNET"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">Thirteen.org</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091005183716/http://www.thirteen.org/curious/">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22CURIOUS%22+from+Thirteen%2FWNET&rft.pub=Thirteen.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thirteen.org%2Fcurious%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mr.caltech.edu/media/Press_Releases/PR13040.html">"Documentary Focuses on Caltech Researchers"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071101053532/http://mr.caltech.edu/media/Press_Releases/PR13040.html">Archived</a> November 1, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Caltech Press Release, October 1, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristiansenByrdHoskinVandal2004" class="citation book cs1">Christiansen, Jeff; Byrd, Ronald; Hoskin, Michael; Vandal, Stuart (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/officialhandbook0000unse_i8k4"><i>Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe</i></a> (1 ed.). New York, NY: Marvel Publishing, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780785130284" title="Special:BookSources/9780785130284"><bdi>9780785130284</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+Handbook+of+the+Marvel+Universe&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Marvel+Publishing%2C+Inc&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780785130284&rft.aulast=Christiansen&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Byrd%2C+Ronald&rft.au=Hoskin%2C+Michael&rft.au=Vandal%2C+Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fofficialhandbook0000unse_i8k4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeigeD'EspositoAlonsoWinderbaum2022" class="citation episode cs1">Feige, Kevin; D'Esposito, Louis; Alonso, Victoria; Winderbaum, Brad (July 2022). "No Normal". <i>Ms. Marvel</i>. Disney+.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ms.+Marvel&rft.date=2022-07&rft.aulast=Feige&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=D%27Esposito%2C+Louis&rft.au=Alonso%2C+Victoria&rft.au=Winderbaum%2C+Brad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100103131033/http://movie-locations.com/movies/b/bevhills.html">"Film locations for Beverly Hills Cop"</a>. Movie-locations.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/b/bevhills.html">the original</a> on January 3, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Film+locations+for+Beverly+Hills+Cop&rft.pub=Movie-locations.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.movie-locations.com%2Fmovies%2Fb%2Fbevhills.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia+Institute+of+Technology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:California_Institute_of_Technology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:California Institute of Technology">Caltech</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/California_Institute_of_Technology" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gocaltech.com">Official athletics website</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="California_Institute_of_Technology173" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FF6C0C;color:white;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:California_Institute_of_Technology" title="Template:California Institute of Technology"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:California_Institute_of_Technology" title="Template talk:California Institute of Technology"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:California_Institute_of_Technology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:California Institute of Technology"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="California_Institute_of_Technology173" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">California Institute of Technology</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FF6C0C;color:white;;;width:1%">Affiliated research organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_Processing_and_Analysis_Center" title="Infrared Processing and Analysis Center">Infrared Processing and Analysis Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerckhoff_Marine_Laboratory" title="Kerckhoff Marine Laboratory">Kerckhoff Marine Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Aeronautical_Laboratory" title="Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory">Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIGO" title="LIGO">LIGO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palomar_Observatory" title="Palomar Observatory">Palomar Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._M._Keck_Observatory" title="W. M. Keck Observatory">W. M. Keck Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caltech_Submillimeter_Observatory" title="Caltech Submillimeter Observatory">Submillimeter Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_Mountain_Observatory" title="Table Mountain Observatory">Table Mountain Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Meter_Telescope" title="Thirty Meter Telescope">Thirty Meter Telescope</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FF6C0C;color:white;;;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_System_at_the_California_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="House System at the California Institute of Technology">House System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caltech_Beavers" title="Caltech Beavers">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Rose_Bowl_Hoax" title="Great Rose Bowl Hoax">Great Rose Bowl Hoax</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Hoops" title="Quantum Hoops">Quantum Hoops</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tournament_Park" title="Tournament Park">Tournament Park (South Athletic Field)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FF6C0C;color:white;;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_Institute_of_Technology_people" title="List of California Institute of Technology people">List of California Institute of Technology people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FF6C0C;color:white;;;width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_at_Caltech" title="Athenaeum at Caltech">Athenaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Papers_Project" title="Einstein Papers Project">Einstein Papers Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caltech%E2%80%93MIT_rivalry" title="Caltech–MIT rivalry">MIT rivalry</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Real_Genius" title="Real Genius">Real Genius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colleges_and_universities_in_Los_Angeles_County,_California234" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colleges_and_universities_in_Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Template:Colleges and universities in Los Angeles County, California"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colleges_and_universities_in_Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Template talk:Colleges and universities in Los Angeles County, California"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colleges_and_universities_in_Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colleges and universities in Los Angeles County, California"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colleges_and_universities_in_Los_Angeles_County,_California234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colleges and universities in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles County, California</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FCC200"><a href="/wiki/California_State_University" title="California State University">California State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Dominguez_Hills" title="California State University, Dominguez Hills">Dominguez Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Long_Beach" title="California State University, Long Beach">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Los_Angeles" title="California State University, Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Northridge" title="California State University, Northridge">Northridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Polytechnic_University,_Pomona" title="California State Polytechnic University, Pomona">Cal Poly Pomona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FCC200"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Claremont_Colleges22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FCC200"><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Colleges" title="Claremont Colleges">Claremont Colleges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Graduate_University" title="Claremont Graduate University">Claremont Graduate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_McKenna_College" title="Claremont McKenna College">Claremont McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mudd_College" title="Harvey Mudd College">Harvey Mudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keck_Graduate_Institute" title="Keck Graduate Institute">Keck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitzer_College" title="Pitzer College">Pitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomona_College" title="Pomona College">Pomona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripps_College" title="Scripps College">Scripps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_for_Jewish_Religion_(California)" title="Academy for Jewish Religion (California)">Academy for Jewish Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFI_Conservatory" title="AFI Conservatory">AFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliant_International_University" title="Alliant International University">Alliant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Dramatic_Arts" title="American Academy of Dramatic Arts">Dramatic Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_University" title="American Jewish University">American Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Musical_and_Dramatic_Academy" title="American Musical and Dramatic Academy">Musical and Dramatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antioch_University_Los_Angeles" title="Antioch University Los Angeles">Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Center_College_of_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Center College of Design">Art Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azusa_Pacific_University" title="Azusa Pacific University">Azusa Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biola_University" title="Biola University">Biola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_the_Arts" title="California Institute of the Arts">CalArts</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caltech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Lincoln_University" title="Claremont Lincoln University">Claremont Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_School_of_Theology" title="Claremont School of Theology">Claremont School of Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colburn_School" title="Colburn School">Colburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Drew_University_of_Medicine_and_Science" title="Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science">Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuller_Theological_Seminary" title="Fuller Theological Seminary">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Union_College_%E2%80%93_Jewish_Institute_of_Religion" title="Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion">Hebrew Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_University_(Texas)" title="The King's University (Texas)">King's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_La_Verne" title="University of La Verne">La Verne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Pacific_University" title="Life Pacific University">Life Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_Marymount_University" title="Loyola Marymount University">Loyola Marymount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Master%27s_University" title="The Master's University">Master's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Mary%27s_University_(Los_Angeles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount St. Mary's University (Los Angeles)">Mount St. Mary's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_(California)" title="National University (California)">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_College_of_Art_and_Design" title="Otis College of Art and Design">Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occidental_College" title="Occidental College">Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Oaks_College" title="Pacific Oaks College">Pacific Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardee_RAND_Graduate_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Pardee RAND Graduate School">Pardee RAND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepperdine_University" title="Pepperdine University">Pepperdine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California_Institute_of_Architecture" title="Southern California Institute of Architecture">Southern California Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California_University_of_Health_Sciences" title="Southern California University of Health Sciences">Southern California Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Law_School" title="Southwestern Law School">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West" title="University of the West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Baptist_College" title="West Coast Baptist College">West Coast Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_University_of_Health_Sciences" title="Western University of Health Sciences">Western Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittier_College" title="Whittier College">Whittier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodbury_University" title="Woodbury University">Woodbury</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/California_Community_Colleges_System" class="mw-redirect" title="California Community Colleges System">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Los_Angeles54" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FCC200"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Community_College_District" title="Los Angeles Community College District">Los Angeles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_City_College" title="Los Angeles City College">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Los_Angeles_College" title="East Los Angeles College">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Harbor_College" title="Los Angeles Harbor College">Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Mission_College" title="Los Angeles Mission College">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Pierce_College" title="Los Angeles Pierce College">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Southwest_College" title="Los Angeles Southwest College">Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Trade-Technical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Trade-Technical College">Trade-Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Valley_College" title="Los Angeles Valley College">Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Los_Angeles_College" title="West Los Angeles College">West</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley_College" title="Antelope Valley College">Antelope Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Canyons" title="College of the Canyons">Canyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerritos_College" title="Cerritos College">Cerritos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_College" title="Citrus College">Citrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Camino_College_Compton_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="El Camino College Compton Center">Compton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Camino_College" title="El Camino College">El Camino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale_Community_College_(California)" title="Glendale Community College (California)">Glendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_City_College" title="Long Beach City College">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mt._San_Antonio_College" title="Mt. San Antonio College">Mt. San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_City_College" title="Pasadena City College">Pasadena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Hondo_College" title="Rio Hondo College">Rio Hondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_College" title="Santa Monica College">Santa Monica</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/For-profit_higher_education_in_the_United_States" title="For-profit higher education in the United States">For-profit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_University" title="Abraham Lincoln University">Abraham Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_InterContinental_University" title="American InterContinental University">American InterContinental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_College_of_Music" title="California College of Music">California Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeVry_University" title="DeVry University">DeVry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Design_%26_Merchandising" title="Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising">Fashion Design and Merchandising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_College_of_Music" title="Los Angeles College of Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Film_School" title="Los Angeles Film School">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Academy" title="New York Film Academy">New York Film</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="QuestBridge_partner_institutions36" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:QuestBridge" title="Template:QuestBridge"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:QuestBridge" title="Template talk:QuestBridge"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:QuestBridge" title="Special:EditPage/Template:QuestBridge"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="QuestBridge_partner_institutions36" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/QuestBridge" title="QuestBridge">QuestBridge</a> partner institutions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amherst_College" title="Amherst College">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College">Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_College" title="Boston College">Boston C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College">Bowdoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caltech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleton_College" title="Carleton College">Carleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_McKenna_College" title="Claremont McKenna College">Claremont McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colby_College" title="Colby College">Colby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colgate_University" title="Colgate University">Colgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="College of the Holy Cross">Holy Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_College" title="Colorado College">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davidson_College" title="Davidson College">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denison_University" title="Denison University">Denison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinnell_College" title="Grinnell College">Grinnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_College" title="Hamilton College">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haverford_College" title="Haverford College">Haverford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macalester_College" title="Macalester College">Macalester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College">Middlebury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberlin_College" title="Oberlin College">Oberlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomona_College" title="Pomona College">Pomona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripps_College" title="Scripps College">Scripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skidmore_College" title="Skidmore College">Skidmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_College" title="Smith College">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarthmore_College" title="Swarthmore College">Swarthmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">Notre Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassar_College" title="Vassar College">Vassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Lee_University" title="Washington and Lee University">Washington and Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_University" title="Wesleyan University">Wesleyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Institutes_of_technology,_polytechnics,_and_technological_universities_in_the_United_States182" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color: #ffffff; background-color: #003c7a;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polytechnic_Universities" title="Template:Polytechnic Universities"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #ffffff">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polytechnic_Universities" title="Template talk:Polytechnic Universities"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #ffffff">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polytechnic_Universities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polytechnic Universities"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #ffffff">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Institutes_of_technology,_polytechnics,_and_technological_universities_in_the_United_States182" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology_(United_States)" title="Institute of technology (United States)"><span style="color:white;">Institutes of technology, polytechnics, and technological universities in the United States</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #003c7a; text-align: center;">Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Institute_of_Technology" title="Air Force Institute of Technology">Air Force Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University_Polytechnic_campus" title="Arizona State University Polytechnic campus">ASU Polytechnic School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Tech_University" title="Arkansas Tech University">Arkansas Tech</a></li> <li>Cal Poly (<a href="/wiki/California_State_Polytechnic_University,_Humboldt" title="California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt">Humboldt</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_State_Polytechnic_University,_Pomona" title="California State Polytechnic University, Pomona">Pomona</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California_Polytechnic_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="California Polytechnic State University">San Luis Obispo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_School_of_Mines" title="Colorado School of Mines">Colorado Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Polytechnic_University" title="Florida Polytechnic University">Florida Poly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Institute of Technology">Georgia Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University" title="Iowa State University">Iowa State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_State_University_Salina_Aerospace_and_Technology_Campus" title="Kansas State University Salina Aerospace and Technology Campus">K-State Salina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Tech_University" title="Louisiana Tech University">Louisiana Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Technological_University" title="Michigan Technological University">Michigan Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Missouri University of Science and Technology">Missouri S&T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Technological_University" title="Montana Technological University">Montana Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Institute_of_Technology" title="New Jersey Institute of Technology">New Jersey Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Institute_of_Mining_and_Technology" title="New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology">New Mexico Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_University_Institute_of_Technology" title="Oklahoma State University Institute of Technology">Oklahoma State University Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology" title="Oregon Institute of Technology">Oregon Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_School_of_Mines_and_Technology" title="South Dakota School of Mines and Technology">South Dakota Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Polytechnic_State_University" title="Southern Polytechnic State University">Southern Poly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="State University of New York Polytechnic Institute">SUNY Poly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Technological_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee Technological University">Tennessee Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_University" title="Texas Tech University">Texas Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Tech_University" title="Utah Tech University">Utah Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Stout" title="University of Wisconsin–Stout">UW–Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech" title="Virginia Tech">Virginia Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_State_University_Campus_of_Applied_Sciences_and_Technology" title="Wichita State University Campus of Applied Sciences and Technology">Wichita State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_University_Institute_of_Technology" title="West Virginia University Institute of Technology">WVU Tech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #003c7a; text-align: center;">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caltech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Technology_University" title="Capitol Technology University">Capitol Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarkson_University" title="Clarkson University">Clarkson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Institute_of_Technology" title="Florida Institute of Technology">Florida Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Harrisburg University of Science and Technology">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mudd_College" title="Harvey Mudd College">Harvey Mudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Institute_of_Technology" title="Illinois Institute of Technology">Illinois Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Institute_of_Technology" title="Indiana Institute of Technology">Indiana Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettering_University" title="Kettering University">Kettering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Technological_University" title="Lawrence Technological University">Lawrence Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Institute_of_Technology" title="New England Institute of Technology">New England Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Institute_of_Technology" title="New York Institute of Technology">NYIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute">Rensselaer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_Institute_of_Technology" title="Rochester Institute of Technology">RIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose%E2%80%93Hulman_Institute_of_Technology" title="Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology">Rose–Hulman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_University" title="San Francisco Bay University">San Francisco Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevens_Institute_of_Technology" title="Stevens Institute of Technology">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washburn_Institute_of_Technology" title="Washburn Institute of Technology">Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wentworth_Institute_of_Technology" title="Wentworth Institute of Technology">Wentworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Worcester Polytechnic Institute">WPI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pasadena,_California169" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #FCC200;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pasadena,_California" title="Template:Pasadena, California"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pasadena,_California" title="Template talk:Pasadena, California"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pasadena,_California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pasadena, California"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pasadena,_California169" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pasadena,_California" title="History of Pasadena, California">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hahamog-na" class="mw-redirect" title="Hahamog-na">Hahamog-na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_San_Pascual" title="Rancho San Pascual">Rancho San Pasqual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Colony" title="Indiana Colony">Indiana Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XI" title="Super Bowl XI">Super Bowl XI</a> <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XIV" title="Super Bowl XIV">XIV</a> <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XVII" title="Super Bowl XVII">XVII</a> <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXI" title="Super Bowl XXI">XXI</a> <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXVII" title="Super Bowl XXVII">XXVII</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosebowl.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California"><img alt="Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Rosebowl.JPG/100px-Rosebowl.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Rosebowl.JPG/150px-Rosebowl.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Rosebowl.JPG/200px-Rosebowl.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Pasadena,_California" title="List of mayors of Pasadena, California">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasadena City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_City_Hall" title="Pasadena City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Transit" title="Pasadena Transit">Pasadena Transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Unified_School_District" title="Pasadena Unified School District">Pasadena Unified School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Police_Department_(California)" title="Pasadena Police Department (California)">Pasadena Police Department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armory_Center_for_the_Arts" title="Armory Center for the Arts">Armory Center for the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookside_Golf_Course" title="Brookside Golf Course">Brookside Golf Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookside_Park_(Pasadena)" title="Brookside Park (Pasadena)">Brookside Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Art_Club" title="California Art Club">California Art Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaton_Canyon" title="Eaton Canyon">Eaton Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Convention_Center" title="Pasadena Convention Center">Convention Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidspace_Children%27s_Museum" title="Kidspace Children's Museum">Kidspace Children's Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton_Simon_Museum" title="Norton Simon Museum">Norton Simon Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Chalk_Festival" title="Pasadena Chalk Festival">Pasadena Chalk Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Museum_of_California_Art" title="Pasadena Museum of California Art">Pasadena Museum of California Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Museum_of_History" title="Pasadena Museum of History">Pasadena Museum of History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Symphony_and_POPS" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasadena Symphony and POPS">Pasadena Symphony and POPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Bowl_(stadium)" title="Rose Bowl (stadium)">Rose Bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Bowl_Aquatics_Center" title="Rose Bowl Aquatics Center">Rose Bowl Aquatics Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Parade" title="Rose Parade">Rose Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USC_Pacific_Asia_Museum" title="USC Pacific Asia Museum">USC Pacific Asia Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Pasadena,_California" title="Neighborhoods in Pasadena, California">Neighborhoods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bungalow_Heaven,_Pasadena,_California" title="Bungalow Heaven, Pasadena, California">Bungalow Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Civic_Center_District" title="Pasadena Civic Center District">Civic Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Ranch,_Pasadena,_California" title="Hastings Ranch, Pasadena, California">Hastings Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamanda_Park,_Pasadena,_California" title="Lamanda Park, Pasadena, California">Lamanda Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Vista,_Pasadena,_California" title="Linda Vista, Pasadena, California">Linda Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandie_Heights,_Pasadena,_California" title="Normandie Heights, Pasadena, California">Normandie Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Knoll,_Pasadena,_California" title="Oak Knoll, Pasadena, California">Oak Knoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Pasadena" title="Old Pasadena">Old Pasadena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Place%E2%80%93Arroyo_Terrace_Historic_District" title="Park Place–Arroyo Terrace Historic District">Park Place–Arroyo Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Historic_District" title="Prospect Historic District">Prospect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square,_Pasadena,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Square, Pasadena, California">Washington Square</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Southwest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annandale,_California" title="Annandale, California">Annandale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellefontaine/Governor_Markham,_Pasadena,_California" title="Bellefontaine/Governor Markham, Pasadena, California">Bellefontaine/Governor Markham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Arroyo,_Pasadena,_California" title="Lower Arroyo, Pasadena, California">Lower Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_Peak_Historic_District" title="Poppy Peak Historic District">Poppy Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Hill/Arroyo_Del_Mar,_Pasadena,_California" title="Raymond Hill/Arroyo Del Mar, Pasadena, California">Raymond Hill/Arroyo Del Mar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Primary and<br />secondary schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Unified_School_District" title="Pasadena Unified School District">Pasadena USD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blair_International_Baccalaureate_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Blair International Baccalaureate School">Blair IB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Fundamental_Secondary_School" title="Marshall Fundamental Secondary School">Marshall Fundamental Sec.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Muir_High_School" title="John Muir High School">John Muir HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_High_School_(California)" title="Pasadena High School (California)">Pasadena HS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler_School" title="Chandler School">Chandler School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_School_of_Los_Angeles" title="International School of Los Angeles">International School of Los Angeles</a> Pasadena Campus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranatha_High_School" title="Maranatha High School">Maranatha High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Polytechnic School">Polytechnic School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoyah_School" title="Sequoyah School">Sequoyah School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westridge_School_(Pasadena)" class="mw-redirect" title="Westridge School (Pasadena)">Westridge School</a></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Closed6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/AGBU_Vatche_and_Tamar_Manoukian_High_School" title="AGBU Vatche and Tamar Manoukian High School">AGBU Vatche and Tamar Manoukian HS</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Colleges and<br /> universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_City_College" title="Pasadena City College">Pasadena City College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Center_College_of_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Center College of Design">Art Center College of Design</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">California Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuller_Theological_Seminary" title="Fuller Theological Seminary">Fuller Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Oaks_College" title="Pacific Oaks College">Pacific Oaks College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Christian_College" title="Providence Christian College">Providence Christian College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Permanente_Bernard_J._Tyson_School_of_Medicine" title="Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine">Tyson School of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Carey_International_University" title="William Carey International University">William Carey International University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambassador_College" title="Ambassador College">Ambassador College</a> (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_College" title="Highland College">Highland College</a> (closed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Auditorium" title="Ambassador Auditorium">Ambassador Auditorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_Hospital" title="Huntington Hospital">Huntington Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paseo_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Paseo Colorado">Paseo Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Conference_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasadena Conference Center">Pasadena Conference Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_in_Pasadena,_California" title="List of buildings in Pasadena, California">Tallest and largest buildings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_Freeway" title="Ventura Freeway">CA-134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foothill_Freeway" title="Foothill Freeway">I-210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_710_and_State_Route_710_(California)" title="Interstate 710 and State Route 710 (California)">CA-710</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Boulevard" title="Colorado Boulevard">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Oaks_Avenue" title="Fair Oaks Avenue">Fair Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foothill_Boulevard_(Southern_California)" title="Foothill Boulevard (Southern California)">Foothill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_Drive" title="Huntington Drive">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Avenue_(Pasadena)" title="Lake Avenue (Pasadena)">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Grove_Boulevard_(Pasadena)" title="Orange Grove Boulevard (Pasadena)">Orange Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_19" title="California State Route 19">Rosemead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_Boulevard" title="Sierra Madre Boulevard">Sierra Madre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Star-News" title="Pasadena Star-News">Pasadena Star-News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Times_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Times Publications">Pasadena Weekly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Now" title="Pasadena Now">Pasadena Now</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Association_of_American_Universities237" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color: #ffffff; background-color: #003c7a;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Association_of_American_Universities" title="Template:Association of American Universities"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #ffffff">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Association_of_American_Universities" title="Template talk:Association of American Universities"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #ffffff">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Association_of_American_Universities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Association of American Universities"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #ffffff">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Association_of_American_Universities237" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities"><span style="color:white;">Association of American Universities</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #003c7a; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university"><span style="color:white;">Public</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University" title="Arizona State University">Arizona State</a></li> <li>California <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">Irvine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside" title="University of California, Riverside">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Cruz" title="University of California, Santa Cruz">Santa Cruz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder" title="University of Colorado Boulder">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Institute of Technology">Georgia Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington" title="Indiana University Bloomington">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kansas" title="University of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li>New York <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo" title="University at Buffalo">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_University" title="Stony Brook University">Stony Brook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Florida" title="University of South Florida">South Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University" title="Texas A&M University">Texas A&M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #003c7a; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university"><span style="color:white;">Private</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caltech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Miami" title="University of Miami">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">Notre Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">NYU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Global_Alliance_of_Technological_Universities49" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Global_Alliance_of_Technological_Universities" title="Template:Global Alliance of Technological Universities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Global_Alliance_of_Technological_Universities" title="Template talk:Global Alliance of Technological Universities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Global_Alliance_of_Technological_Universities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Global Alliance of Technological Universities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Global_Alliance_of_Technological_Universities49" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Global_Alliance_of_Technological_Universities" title="Global Alliance of Technological Universities">Global Alliance of Technological Universities</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">California Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Tech" title="Georgia Tech">Georgia Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology Bombay">Indian Institute of Technology Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Technological_University" title="Nanyang Technological University">Nanyang Technological University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">Shanghai Jiao Tong University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Munich" title="Technical University of Munich">Technical University of Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_New_South_Wales" title="University of New South Wales">University of New South Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Association_of_Pacific_Rim_Universities405" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Association_of_Pacific_Rim_Universities" title="Template:Association of Pacific Rim Universities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Association_of_Pacific_Rim_Universities" title="Template talk:Association of Pacific Rim Universities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Association_of_Pacific_Rim_Universities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Association of Pacific Rim Universities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Association_of_Pacific_Rim_Universities405" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Pacific_Rim_Universities" title="Association of Pacific Rim Universities">Association of Pacific Rim Universities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Australian_National_University" class="mw-redirect" title="The Australian National University">The Australian National University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Adelaide" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Adelaide">The University of Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Melbourne">The University of Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Queensland" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Queensland">The University of Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Sydney" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Sydney">The University of Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNSW_Sydney" class="mw-redirect" title="UNSW Sydney">UNSW Sydney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Fraser_University" title="Simon Fraser University">Simon Fraser University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">University of Alberta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad de Chile">Universidad de Chile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fudan_University" title="Fudan University">Fudan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University" title="Nanjing University">Nanjing University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">Shanghai Jiao Tong University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_University" title="Sun Yat-sen University">Sun Yat-sen University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongji_University" title="Tongji University">Tongji University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University" title="Tsinghua University">Tsinghua University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences">University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology_of_China" title="University of Science and Technology of China">University of Science and Technology of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Jiaotong_University" title="Xi'an Jiaotong University">Xi'an Jiaotong University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University" title="Zhejiang University">Zhejiang University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Taiwan_University" title="National Taiwan University">National Taiwan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Yang_Ming_Chiao_Tung_University" title="National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University">National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universidad_San_Francisco_de_Quito" title="Universidad San Francisco de Quito">Universidad San Francisco de Quito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_SAR" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong SAR">Hong Kong SAR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chinese University of Hong Kong">The Chinese University of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hong_Kong_University_of_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology">The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Hong Kong">The University of Hong Kong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universitas_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitas Indonesia">Universitas Indonesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keio_University" title="Keio University">Keio University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_University" title="Kyushu University">Kyushu University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya_University" title="Nagoya University">Nagoya University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osaka_University" title="Osaka University">Osaka University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohoku_University" title="Tohoku University">Tohoku University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waseda_University" title="Waseda University">Waseda University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korea_University" title="Korea University">Korea University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAIST" title="KAIST">KAIST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSTECH" class="mw-redirect" title="POSTECH">POSTECH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pusan_National_University" title="Pusan National University">Pusan National University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_National_University" title="Seoul National University">Seoul National University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonsei_University" title="Yonsei University">Yonsei University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universiti_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Universiti Malaya">Universiti Malaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tecnol%C3%B3gico_de_Monterrey" class="mw-redirect" title="Tecnológico de Monterrey">Tecnológico de Monterrey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines" title="University of the Philippines">University of the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Federal_University" title="Far Eastern Federal University">Far Eastern Federal University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Technological_University" title="Nanyang Technological University">Nanyang Technological University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chulalongkorn_University" title="Chulalongkorn University">Chulalongkorn University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">University of California, Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside" title="University of California, Riverside">University of California, Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Cruz" title="University of California, Santa Cruz">University of California, Santa Cruz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%CA%BBi_at_M%C4%81noa" title="University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa">University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">University of Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Southern_California_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference223" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#78bde7; color:#000000; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_California_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference_navbox" title="Template:Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#000000">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Southern_California_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference_navbox" title="Template talk:Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#000000">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Southern_California_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#000000">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Southern_California_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference223" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Southern_California_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: var(--color-base, black); text-decoration: inherit;">Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Athletics">Caltech Beavers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal_Lutheran_Kingsmen_and_Regals" title="Cal Lutheran Kingsmen and Regals">Cal Lutheran Kingsmen and Regals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapman_University#Athletics" title="Chapman University">Chapman Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont-Mudd-Scripps_Stags_and_Athenas" title="Claremont-Mudd-Scripps Stags and Athenas">Claremont-Mudd-Scripps Stags and Athenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_La_Verne#Athletics" title="University of La Verne">La Verne Leopards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Tigers" title="Occidental Tigers">Occidental Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomona-Pitzer_Sagehens" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomona-Pitzer Sagehens">Pomona-Pitzer Sagehens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Redlands#Athletics" title="University of Redlands">Redlands Bulldogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittier_College#Athletics" title="Whittier College">Whittier Poets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="California_engineering_colleges_with_ABET-accredited_programs123" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:California_engineering_colleges_with_ABET-accredited_programs" title="Template:California engineering colleges with ABET-accredited programs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:California_engineering_colleges_with_ABET-accredited_programs" title="Template talk:California engineering colleges with ABET-accredited programs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:California_engineering_colleges_with_ABET-accredited_programs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:California engineering colleges with ABET-accredited programs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="California_engineering_colleges_with_ABET-accredited_programs123" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">California engineering colleges with <a href="/wiki/ABET" title="ABET">ABET</a>-accredited programs</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">California State University</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cal_Poly_Pomona_College_of_Engineering" title="Cal Poly Pomona College of Engineering">Cal Poly Pomona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal_Poly_San_Luis_Obispo_College_of_Engineering" title="Cal Poly San Luis Obispo College of Engineering">Cal Poly San Luis Obispo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSULB_College_of_Engineering" title="CSULB College of Engineering">Cal State Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_State_University_College_of_Engineering" title="San Diego State University College of Engineering">San Diego State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Davidson_College_of_Engineering" title="Charles W. Davidson College of Engineering">Davidson College at San José State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">University of California</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Baskin_School_of_Engineering" title="Jack Baskin School of Engineering">Baskin School at UC Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourns_College_of_Engineering" title="Bourns College of Engineering">Bourns College at UC Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_Irvine_Henry_Samueli_School_of_Engineering" title="UC Irvine Henry Samueli School of Engineering">Henry Samueli School at UC Irvine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCLA_Henry_Samueli_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Science" title="UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science">Henry Samueli School at UCLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobs_School_of_Engineering" title="Jacobs School of Engineering">Jacobs School at UC San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_Berkeley_College_of_Engineering" title="UC Berkeley College of Engineering">UC Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_Davis_College_of_Engineering" title="UC Davis College of Engineering">UC Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCSB_College_of_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="UCSB College of Engineering">UC Santa Barbara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caltech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mudd_College" title="Harvey Mudd College">Harvey Mudd College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Engineering" title="Stanford University School of Engineering">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_University_School_of_Engineering" title="Santa Clara University School of Engineering">Santa Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USC_Viterbi_School_of_Engineering" title="USC Viterbi School of Engineering">Viterbi School at USC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161562#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2301" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161562#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2301" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161562#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000107068890">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="California Institute of Technology"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/156631200">VIAF</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1004446-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79022880">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119862831">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119862831">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="California Institute of Technology"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003198337&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Throop College of Technology"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003198338&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="California Institute of Technology"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007259211105171">Israel</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/024740fa-7b95-4aee-8ad2-f560384bdede">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/33075">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3id.org/isil/US-cit">ISIL</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034292276">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6rj8cxv">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&oldid=1271889003">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&oldid=1271889003</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:California_Institute_of_Technology" title="Category:California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1891_establishments_in_California" title="Category:1891 establishments in California">1891 establishments in California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Pasadena,_California" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Pasadena, California">Buildings and structures in Pasadena, California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Pasadena,_California" title="Category:Education in Pasadena, California">Education in Pasadena, California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Engineering_universities_and_colleges_in_California" title="Category:Engineering universities and colleges in California">Engineering universities and colleges in California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Private_universities_and_colleges_in_California" title="Category:Private universities and colleges in California">Private universities and colleges in California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:San_Gabriel_Valley" title="Category:San Gabriel Valley">San Gabriel Valley</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_accredited_by_the_Western_Association_of_Schools_and_Colleges" title="Category:Schools accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges">Schools accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_and_technology_in_Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Category:Science and technology in Greater Los Angeles">Science and technology in Greater Los Angeles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Technological_universities_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Technological universities in the United States">Technological universities in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_in_Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Category:Universities and colleges in Los Angeles County, California">Universities and colleges in Los Angeles County, California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Need-blind_educational_institutions" title="Category:Need-blind educational institutions">Need-blind educational institutions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_established_in_1891" title="Category:Universities and colleges established in 1891">Universities and colleges established in 1891</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_April_2022" title="Category:Use mdy dates from April 2022">Use mdy dates from April 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_infobox_university" title="Category:Articles using infobox university">Articles using infobox university</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_October_2022" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2022">Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2018" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2011" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2008" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_cleanup" title="Category:All pages needing cleanup">All pages needing cleanup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 January 2025, at 06:11<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">California Institute of Technology</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>81 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-wdv74","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.839","walltime":"2.098","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16659,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":660226,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":98906,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":846899,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1732.616 1 -total"," 50.71% 878.615 2 Template:Reflist"," 34.17% 592.071 164 Template:Cite_web"," 12.97% 224.695 2 Template:Infobox"," 12.89% 223.364 1 Template:Infobox_university"," 5.52% 95.678 15 Template:If_empty"," 5.06% 87.676 16 Template:Navbox"," 4.37% 75.792 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.29% 74.366 16 Template:Cite_news"," 3.64% 62.987 1 Template:Authority_control"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.031","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15675870,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","23.1"],["?","120","11.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","120","11.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","80","7.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","60","5.8"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","5.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","5.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","40","3.8"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","40","3.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","40","3.8"],["[others]","180","17.3"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-wzfg8","timestamp":"20250216122855","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"California Institute of Technology","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_Institute_of_Technology","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q161562","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q161562","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-06-28T17:05:21Z","dateModified":"2025-01-26T06:11:41Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/a\/a4\/Seal_of_the_California_Institute_of_Technology.svg","headline":"private research university located in Pasadena, California, USA"}</script> </body> </html>