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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Historique</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Les_débuts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Les_débuts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Les débuts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Les_débuts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-À_partir_de_1990_les_agences_d'infographie_se_multiplient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#À_partir_de_1990_les_agences_d'infographie_se_multiplient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>À partir de 1990 les agences d'infographie se multiplient</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-À_partir_de_1990_les_agences_d'infographie_se_multiplient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Métier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Métier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Métier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Métier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Éducation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Éducation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Éducation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Éducation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Graphisme d'information en France</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 40 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%B7_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="مخطط معلومات بياني – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مخطط معلومات بياني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Инфографика – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Инфографика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infografia" title="Infografia – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Infografia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informa%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_grafika" title="Informační grafika – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Informační grafika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infografik" title="Infografik – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Infografik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationsgrafik" title="Informationsgrafik – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Informationsgrafik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infographic" title="Infographic – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Infographic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infograf%C3%ADa" title="Infografía – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Infografía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infografia" title="Infografia – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Infografia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="اینفوگرافیک – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اینفوگرافیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infografiikka" title="Infografiikka – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Infografiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אינפוגרפיקה – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אינפוגרפיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="सूचनाचित्रण – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सूचनाचित्रण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informacijska_grafika" title="Informacijska grafika – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Informacijska grafika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infografika" title="Infografika – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Infografika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infografik" title="Infografik – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Infografik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infografica" title="Infografica – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Infografica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="インフォグラフィック – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インフォグラフィック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ინფოგრაფია – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინფოგრაფია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Инфографика – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Инфографика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%8F%AC%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%ED%94%BD" title="인포그래픽 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인포그래픽" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Инфографика – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Инфографика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇൻഫോഗ്രാഫിക് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇൻഫോഗ്രാഫിക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Инфографик – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Инфографик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infografik" title="Infografik – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Infografik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infographic" title="Infographic – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Infographic" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informasjonsgrafikk" title="Informasjonsgrafikk – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Informasjonsgrafikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infografika" title="Infografika – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Infografika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infografia" title="Infografia – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Infografia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Инфографика – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инфографика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafiku_i_shtypit" title="Grafiku i shtypit – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grafiku i shtypit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infographic" title="Infographic – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Infographic" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="இன்போ கிராபிக்ஸ் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இன்போ கிராபிக்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="อินโฟกราฟิก – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อินโฟกราฟิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nfografik" title="İnfografik – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İnfografik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Інфографіка – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інфографіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="انفوگرافکس – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انفوگرافکس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93_h%E1%BB%8Da_th%C3%B4ng_tin" title="Đồ họa thông tin – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đồ họa thông tin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impograpika" title="Impograpika – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Impograpika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2" title="信息图形 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="信息图形" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Applications-development.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Applications-development.svg/35px-Applications-development.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Applications-development.svg/53px-Applications-development.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Applications-development.svg/70px-Applications-development.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant un <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tier_(activit%C3%A9)" title="Métier (activité)">métier</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) en vous référant au <a href="/wiki/Projet:Travail_et_m%C3%A9tiers" title="Projet:Travail et métiers">projet métiers</a>. </p> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:100m_passenger_infographic_(8167897207).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/100m_passenger_infographic_%288167897207%29.jpg/220px-100m_passenger_infographic_%288167897207%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/100m_passenger_infographic_%288167897207%29.jpg/330px-100m_passenger_infographic_%288167897207%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/100m_passenger_infographic_%288167897207%29.jpg/440px-100m_passenger_infographic_%288167897207%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3508" /></a><figcaption>Graphique d'information expliquant comme <a href="/wiki/Jetstar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jetstar">Jetstar</a> a transporté 100 millions de passagers en à peine plus de huit ans.</figcaption></figure> <p>L’<b><a href="/wiki/Infographie" title="Infographie">infographie</a> de presse</b> est le domaine professionnel ayant pour objet les graphiques destinés à mettre en image des informations généralement statistiques au moyen de <a href="/wiki/Diagramme" title="Diagramme">diagrammes</a> associés à des dessins. Les formes les plus répandues de diagrammes sont les <a href="/wiki/Histogramme" title="Histogramme">histogrammes</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Diagramme_circulaire" title="Diagramme circulaire">diagrammes circulaires</a> (ou en camembert), en <a href="/wiki/Diagramme_en_b%C3%A2tons" class="mw-redirect" title="Diagramme en bâtons">bâtons</a> ou encore <a href="/wiki/Diagramme_de_Kiviat" title="Diagramme de Kiviat">en araignée</a>. Mais elle s'illustre également sous forme de cartes, de schémas ou de toute image servant à synthétiser des informations. L'infographie de presse, dans sa partie illustrative de l'information, s'est substituée au métier de reporter-dessinateur dès le début des années 1980. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historique">Historique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphisme_d%27information_en_France&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Historique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphisme_d%27information_en_France&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Historique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Les_débuts"><span id="Les_d.C3.A9buts"></span>Les débuts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphisme_d%27information_en_France&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Les débuts" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphisme_d%27information_en_France&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Les débuts"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La première <a href="/wiki/Agence_de_presse" title="Agence de presse">agence de presse</a> d'infographie a été créée à Paris en 1979 par Jacques Solomiac et Philippe Ovens. Elle s'appelait INGRES (Informations Graphiques et Économiques). Cette agence a été la première agence d'information visuelle inscrite à la <a href="/wiki/Commission_paritaire_des_publications_et_des_agences_de_presse" title="Commission paritaire des publications et des agences de presse">Commission paritaire des agences de presse</a>. </p><p>Le travail de l'agence INGRES consistait à transcrire en visuels des informations majoritairement économiques et financières. Sur commande, l'Agence fournissait aux journaux des graphiques, cartes, illustrations, se rapportant à l'actualité. Le traitement graphique était réalisé « à la main » sur le principe du <a href="/wiki/Dessin_technique" title="Dessin technique">dessin industriel</a> pour les graphiques et du dessin pour les illustrations et les cartes. INGRES employait deux reporters dessinateurs, une statisticienne, un illustrateur et faisait appel à des « <a href="/wiki/Travailleur_ind%C3%A9pendant" title="Travailleur indépendant">free-lance</a> ». INGRES fournissait en graphiques cartes et illustrations une dizaine de journaux parisiens : <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Les_%C3%89chos" title="Les Échos">Les Échos</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_journal_des_finances" class="mw-redirect" title="Le journal des finances">Le journal des finances</a></i>… </p><p>En 1983, Jacques Solomiac, fonde avec sa famille l'Agence IDE (Information Documentation Études). Cette agence de presse sera leader du marché national d'infographie pendant plus de dix ans avec une équipe de plus de vingt professionnels : journalistes, illustrateurs et <a href="/wiki/Cartographie" title="Cartographie">cartographes</a>. </p><p>IDE a travaillé pour plus de 80 titres de la presse française tous rythmes d'édition confondus : <a href="/wiki/Presse_%C3%A9crite_r%C3%A9gionale_en_France" title="Presse écrite régionale en France">presse quotidienne régionale</a> (PQR) et <a href="/wiki/Presse_quotidienne_nationale_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Presse quotidienne nationale française">nationale</a> (PQN), presse spécialisée et institutionnelle (publications de l'<a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a> par exemple). </p><p>L'atout principal de IDE était sa considérable <a href="/wiki/Base_de_donn%C3%A9es" title="Base de données">base de données</a> économique, financière et boursière constituée par Jacques Solomiac. Cette base comportait des historiques très détaillés sur les valeurs de <a href="/wiki/Bourse_(%C3%A9conomie)" title="Bourse (économie)">bourses</a> cotées en France et sur les principales places (<a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bourse_de_Londres" title="Bourse de Londres">Londres</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rse_Frankfurt" title="Börse Frankfurt">Francfort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borsa_Italiana" title="Borsa Italiana">Milan</a> ...) mais aussi les matières premières cotées sur les principaux marchés mondiaux et les cours de change croisés. Avec cette base de données, l'agence fournissait un service complet à son client : l'information et son traitement graphique. </p><p>IDE a vécu la mutation de l'arrivée des premiers ordinateurs. En 1985, l'agence a fait l'acquisition de son premier ordinateur : un <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-150" class="extiw" title="en:HP-150">HP 150</a> à <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cran_tactile" title="Écran tactile">écran tactile</a>, pour gérer une partie de ses bases de données. </p><p>Ce sera trois ans plus tard avec la création de l'<a href="/wiki/Histoire_de_l%27agence_France-Presse#Téléphoto,_minitel,_infographie_et_envol_du_chiffre_d'affaires" title="Histoire de l'agence France-Presse">AFP infographie</a>, sa première concurrente, que IDE passera le cap et se dotera d'importants moyens informatiques et d'une <a href="/wiki/Computer_to_film" title="Computer to film">flasheuse</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="À_partir_de_1990_les_agences_d'infographie_se_multiplient"><span id=".C3.80_partir_de_1990_les_agences_d.27infographie_se_multiplient"></span>À partir de 1990 les agences d'infographie se multiplient</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphisme_d%27information_en_France&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : À partir de 1990 les agences d'infographie se multiplient" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphisme_d%27information_en_France&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : À partir de 1990 les agences d'infographie se multiplient"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>INGRES a été la première. IDE a montré la voie d'un modèle économique solide pour ce nouveau métier. Après l'AFP qui diversifie son offre en 1988, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Schalit" title="Jean Schalit">Jean Schalit</a> crée, en 1990, en même temps que le journal <i>La Truffe</i>, l'agence d'infographie JSI (Jean Schalit Infographie). Puis, en 1992 c'est la création de l'agence d'infographie WAG par deux anciens du journal <i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration_(journal)" title="Libération (journal)">Libération</a></i>. En 1994, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artpresse.fr/">Art Presse</a> est créée par Antoine Mazelier, qui seconda Jacques Solomiac, comme secrétaire général de l'agence IDE, jusqu'en 1993. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Métier"><span id="M.C3.A9tier"></span>Métier</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphisme_d%27information_en_France&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Métier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphisme_d%27information_en_France&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Métier"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Du point de vue des qualifications en presse, l'infographiste accédera ou non, selon les circonstances, à la fonction de rédacteur graphiste (permanent ou pigiste). Cette qualification, qui donne accès au statut de journaliste (donc assimilé cadre et titulaire de la <a href="/wiki/Carte_de_presse_en_France" title="Carte de presse en France">carte de presse</a>, la carte d'identité des journalistes professionnels délivrée par une commission paritaire), est généralement réservée à des créatifs réalisant et exécutant des mises en pages et parfois des illustrations, infographiques ou illustratives. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Éducation"><span id=".C3.89ducation"></span>Éducation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphisme_d%27information_en_France&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Éducation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphisme_d%27information_en_France&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Éducation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les infographies servent parfois à l'école pour analyser les signes qu'elles contiennent et/ou pour travailler la proportionnalité. Plusieurs articles de recherche rendent compte de telles activités pédagogiques. </p> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="KerneisSantini2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jacques_KerneisJérôme_Santini2015">Jacques Kerneis et Jérôme Santini, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Les infographies de presse à l’école : des effets de contextes à travers une étude socio-didactique comparatiste</cite> », <i><a href="/wiki/Recherches_en_%C3%A9ducation" title="Recherches en éducation">Recherches en éducation</a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 22,‎ <time>2015</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/ree/7150?lang=en">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-11-14" data-sort-value="2022-11-14">14 novembre 2022</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Les+infographies+de+presse+%C3%A0+l%E2%80%99%C3%A9cole+%3A+des+effets+de+contextes+%C3%A0+travers+une+%C3%A9tude+socio-didactique+comparatiste&rft.jtitle=Recherches+en+%C3%A9ducation&rft.issue=22&rft.aulast=Kerneis&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft.au=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me+Santini&rft.date=2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AGraphisme+d%27information+en+France"></span></span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Kerneis2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jacques_Kerneis2012">Jacques Kerneis, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Des obstacles au développement de compétences en lecture d’infographies de presse</cite> », <i><a href="/wiki/Recherches_en_communication" title="Recherches en communication">Recherches en communication</a></i>,‎ <time>2012</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 67-82. <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01054919/document">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-11-14" data-sort-value="2022-11-14">14 novembre 2022</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Des+obstacles+au+d%C3%A9veloppement+de+comp%C3%A9tences+en+lecture+d%E2%80%99infographies+de+presse&rft.jtitle=Recherches+en+communication&rft.aulast=Kerneis&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=67-82.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AGraphisme+d%27information+en+France"></span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphisme_d%27information_en_France&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphisme_d%27information_en_France&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Chappé2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Marie_Chappé2005">Jean-Marie Chappé, <cite class="italique">L'infographie de presse</cite>, Victoires, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Métier Journaliste », <time>2005</time>, 138 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2908056798" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2908056798"><span class="nowrap">2908056798</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27infographie+de+presse&rft.pub=Victoires&rft.aulast=Chapp%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Jean-Marie&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=138&rft.isbn=2908056798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AGraphisme+d%27information+en+France"></span></span></span>.</li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Travail_et_m%C3%A9tiers" title="Portail du travail et des métiers"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/M%C3%A9tier.png/29px-M%C3%A9tier.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/M%C3%A9tier.png/44px-M%C3%A9tier.png 1.5x, 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