CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>N'Ko script - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"af2b3b9b-0e63-4d31-b1e5-d67b1842278a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"N'Ko_script","wgTitle":"N'Ko script","wgCurRevisionId":1256235039,"wgRevisionId":1256235039,"wgArticleId":621625,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with bare URLs for citations","Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Scripts with ISO 15924 four-letter codes","Pages with plain IPA","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Alphabets","Writing systems introduced in 1949","Writing systems of Africa","Right-to-left writing systems","Constructed scripts"] ,"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"N'Ko_script","wgRelevantArticleId":621625,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId": "Q1062587","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/NKo-script.svg/1200px-NKo-script.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="593"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/NKo-script.svg/800px-NKo-script.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="395"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/NKo-script.svg/640px-NKo-script.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="316"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="N'Ko script - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27Ko_script"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27Ko_script"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-N_Ko_script rootpage-N_Ko_script skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=N%27Ko+script" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=N%27Ko+script" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=N%27Ko+script" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=N%27Ko+script" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Current use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Letters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Letters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Letters subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Tones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-native_sounds_and_letters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-native_sounds_and_letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Non-native sounds and letters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-native_sounds_and_letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Numerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punctuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punctuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Punctuation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punctuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digitization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digitization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Digitization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Digitization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Digitization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Digitization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wikipedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wikipedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Wikipedia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wikipedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>General sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">N'Ko script</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88" title="نكو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نكو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27Ko" title="N'Ko – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="N'Ko" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27Ko_b%C3%BBn-j%C4%AB" title="N'Ko bûn-jī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="N'Ko bûn-jī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skritur_nkoek" title="Skritur nkoek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skritur nkoek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_N%27ko" title="Alfabet N'ko – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet N'ko" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keruro_ye_chiN%27Ko" title="Keruro ye chiN'Ko – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Keruro ye chiN'Ko" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27Ko" title="N'Ko – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="N'Ko" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%E2%80%99Ko" title="N’Ko – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="N’Ko" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_N%27Ko" title="Alfabeto N'Ko – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto N'Ko" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27Ko" title="N'Ko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="N'Ko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27ko_(%C3%A9criture)" title="N'ko (écriture) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="N'ko (écriture)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_n%27ko" title="Alfabeto n'ko – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfabeto n'ko" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%91%EC%BD%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="응코 문자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="응코 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="नको लिपी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नको लिपी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_N%27Ko" title="Aksara N'Ko – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara N'Ko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_N%27Ko" title="Alfabeto N'Ko – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto N'Ko" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeta_n%27ko" title="Alfabeta n'ko – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfabeta n'ko" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%E2%80%99ko_%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="N’ko írás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="N’ko írás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_N%27Ko" title="Aksara N'Ko – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aksara N'Ko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="ンコ文字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ンコ文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%92%DF%9E%DF%8F" title="ߒߞߏ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߒߞߏ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27Ko_skraft" title="N'Ko skraft – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="N'Ko skraft" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27Ko" title="N'Ko – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="N'Ko" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_N%E2%80%99Ko" title="Pismo N’Ko – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pismo N’Ko" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_N%27ko" title="Alfabeto N'ko – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfabeto N'ko" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BA%D0%BE_(%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE)" title="Нко (письмо) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нко (письмо)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27Ko_pisava" title="N'Ko pisava – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="N'Ko pisava" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%E2%80%99ko-kirjaimisto" title="N’ko-kirjaimisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="N’ko-kirjaimisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="อักษรอึนโก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรอึนโก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BA%D0%BE_(%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE)" title="Нко (письмо) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нко (письмо)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%BE%E5%A4%B8%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="吾夸字母 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="吾夸字母" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="西非書面字母 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西非書面字母" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="西非書面字母 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西非書面字母" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huruf_N%27Ko" title="Huruf N'Ko – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Huruf N'Ko" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1062587#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:N%27Ko_script" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/N%27Ko_script" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/N%27Ko_script" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&oldid=1256235039" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=N%27Ko_script&id=1256235039&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FN%2527Ko_script"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FN%2527Ko_script"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=N%27Ko_script&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:N%27Ko_script" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1062587" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Alphabet for the Manding languages of West Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_language" title="N'Ko language">N'Ko language</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:lightblue;">NKo<br /><div style="font-weight:normal">ߒߞߏ</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo-script.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/NKo-script.svg/220px-NKo-script.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/NKo-script.svg/330px-NKo-script.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/NKo-script.svg/440px-NKo-script.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="79" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabet</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Creator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solomana_Kante" title="Solomana Kante">Solomana Kanté</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1949–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Right-to-left_script" title="Right-to-left script">Right-to-left script</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062587?uselang=en#P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_language" title="N'Ko language">NKo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manding_languages" title="Manding languages">Manding languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mandingo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandingo language">Mandingo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maninka_language" title="Maninka language">Maninka</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Bambara_language" title="Bambara language">Bambara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dyula_language" title="Dyula language">Dyula</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">Nkoo</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">(165)</span>, N’Ko</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">NKo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U07C0.pdf">U+07C0–U+07FF</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:90%"> This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>NKo</b> (ߒߞߏ), also spelled <b>N'Ko</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Alphabetic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphabetic script">alphabetic script</a> devised by <a href="/wiki/Solomana_Kante" title="Solomana Kante">Solomana Kanté</a> in 1949, as a modern <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing system</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Manding_languages" title="Manding languages">Manding languages</a> of West Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>NKo</i>, which means <i>I say</i> in all Manding languages, is also used for the <a href="/wiki/NKo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="NKo language">Manding literary standard</a> written in the NKo script. </p><p>The script has a few similarities to the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a>, notably its direction (<a href="/wiki/Right-to-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-to-left">right-to-left</a>) and the letters that are connected at the base. Unlike Arabic, it is obligatory to mark both <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a>. NKo tones are marked as <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_Kant%C3%A9_Soulemane,_inventeur_de_l%27alphabet_N%27Ko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Grave_of_Kant%C3%A9_Soulemane%2C_inventeur_de_l%27alphabet_N%27Ko.jpg/220px-Grave_of_Kant%C3%A9_Soulemane%2C_inventeur_de_l%27alphabet_N%27Ko.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Grave_of_Kant%C3%A9_Soulemane%2C_inventeur_de_l%27alphabet_N%27Ko.jpg/330px-Grave_of_Kant%C3%A9_Soulemane%2C_inventeur_de_l%27alphabet_N%27Ko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Grave_of_Kant%C3%A9_Soulemane%2C_inventeur_de_l%27alphabet_N%27Ko.jpg/440px-Grave_of_Kant%C3%A9_Soulemane%2C_inventeur_de_l%27alphabet_N%27Ko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1178" /></a><figcaption>Grave of Solomana Kanté. The French at the bottom reads “Inventor of the N'Ko alphabet”.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kanté created N’Ko in response to erroneous beliefs that no indigenous African writing system existed, as well as to provide a better way to write Manding languages, which had for centuries been written predominantly in <a href="/wiki/Ajami_script" title="Ajami script">Ajami</a> script, which was not perfectly suited to the <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tones</a> unique to Mandé and common to other <a href="/wiki/West_African_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="West African languages">West African languages</a>. An anecdote popular with N'Ko proponents is that Kanté was particularly challenged to create the distinct system when, while in <a href="/wiki/Bouake" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouake">Bouake</a>, he found a book by a <a href="/wiki/Kamel_Mrowa" title="Kamel Mrowa">Lebanese author</a> who dismissed African languages as “like those of the birds, impossible to transcribe”<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite said Ajami history.<sup id="cite_ref-Donaldson_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donaldson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kanté then devised N’Ko while he was in <a href="/wiki/Bingerville" title="Bingerville">Bingerville</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte d'Ivoire">Côte d'Ivoire</a> and later brought it to his native <a href="/wiki/Kankan" title="Kankan">Kankan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>N’Ko began to be used in many educational books, and the script is believed to have been finalized<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on April 14, 1949 – a date now celebrated as N’Ko Alphabet Day.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kanté initially used the system to transcribe religious, scientific, and philosophical literature, and even a dictionary.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These texts were then distributed as gifts across the Manding-speaking parts of West Africa. The script received its first dedicated <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriter</a> from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> as <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> had ties to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This introduction of the script led to a movement promoting N’Ko literacy among Mandé speakers in both Anglophone and Francophone West Africa. N’Ko literacy was thus instrumental in shaping Maninka cultural identity in Guinea, and strengthened Manding identity in wider West Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 27, 2024, the <a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_language" title="N'Ko language">N’Ko literary standard</a> was added to <a href="/wiki/Google_Translate" title="Google Translate">Google Translate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_use">Current use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Current use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Online_N%27ko_classroom_via_WhatsApp_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Online_N%27ko_classroom_via_WhatsApp_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Online_N%27ko_classroom_via_WhatsApp_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Online_N%27ko_classroom_via_WhatsApp_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Online_N%27ko_classroom_via_WhatsApp_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Online_N%27ko_classroom_via_WhatsApp_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Online_N%27ko_classroom_via_WhatsApp_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2141" data-file-height="3196" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a> with a NKo class via <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a></figcaption></figure> <p><span class="anchor" id="Literary_language"></span>As of 2005, it was used mainly in <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> (respectively by <a href="/wiki/Maninka_language" title="Maninka language">Maninka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dyula_language" title="Dyula language">Dyula</a> speakers), with an active user community in <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Bambara_language" title="Bambara language">Bambara</a> speakers). Publications include a translation of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, a variety of textbooks on subjects such as <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>, poetic and philosophical works, descriptions of traditional medicine, a dictionary, and several local newspapers. Though taught mostly informally through NKo literacy promotion associations, NKo has also been introduced more recently into formal education through private primary schools in Upper Guinea.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been classed as the most successful of the West African scripts.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NKo literature generally uses a <a href="/wiki/Literary_language" title="Literary language">literary language</a> register, termed <i>kangbe</i> (literally, 'clear language'), that is seen as a potential <a href="/wiki/Compromise_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Compromise dialect">compromise dialect</a> across <a href="/wiki/Manding_languages" title="Manding languages">Mandé languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the word for 'name' in Bamanan is <i>tɔgɔ</i> and in Maninka it is <i>tɔɔ</i>. NKo has only one written word for 'name', but individuals read and pronounce the word in their own language. This literary register is thus intended as a <a href="/wiki/Koin%C3%A9_language" title="Koiné language">koiné language</a> blending elements of the principal <a href="/wiki/Manding_languages" title="Manding languages">Manding languages</a>, which are <a href="/wiki/Mutually_intelligible" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutually intelligible">mutually intelligible</a>, but has a very strong Maninka influence. </p><p>There has also been documented use of NKo, with additional diacritics, for traditional religious publications in the <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fon_language" title="Fon language">Fon</a> languages of <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> and southwestern <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letters">Letters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NKo script is written from right to left, with letters being connected to one another. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <th><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔ</span></th> <th><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">o</span></th> <th><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">u</span></th> <th><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɛ</span></th> <th><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">i</span></th> <th><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">e</span></th> <th><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r866774678">.mw-parser-output .script-nko{font-family:"Conakry","DejaVu Sans",Ebrima,"Noto Sans NKo"}</style><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߐ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߏ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߎ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߍ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߌ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߋ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߊ</span>‎ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_Aw.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/NKo_Aw.svg/30px-NKo_Aw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/NKo_Aw.svg/45px-NKo_Aw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/NKo_Aw.svg/60px-NKo_Aw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_O.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/NKo_O.svg/30px-NKo_O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/NKo_O.svg/45px-NKo_O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/NKo_O.svg/60px-NKo_O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_Uh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/NKo_Uh.svg/30px-NKo_Uh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/NKo_Uh.svg/45px-NKo_Uh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/NKo_Uh.svg/60px-NKo_Uh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_Eh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/NKo_Eh.svg/30px-NKo_Eh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/NKo_Eh.svg/45px-NKo_Eh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/NKo_Eh.svg/60px-NKo_Eh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_E.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/NKo_E.svg/30px-NKo_E.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/NKo_E.svg/45px-NKo_E.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/NKo_E.svg/60px-NKo_E.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/NKo_A.svg/30px-NKo_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/NKo_A.svg/45px-NKo_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/NKo_A.svg/60px-NKo_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_Ah.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/NKo_Ah.svg/30px-NKo_Ah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/NKo_Ah.svg/45px-NKo_Ah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/NKo_Ah.svg/60px-NKo_Ah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <th>r</th> <th>t</th> <th>d</th> <th>t͡ʃ</th> <th>d͡ʒ</th> <th>p</th> <th>b </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߙ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߕ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߘ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߗ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߖ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߔ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߓ</span>‎ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_R.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/NKo_R.svg/30px-NKo_R.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/NKo_R.svg/45px-NKo_R.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/NKo_R.svg/60px-NKo_R.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_T.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/NKo_T.svg/30px-NKo_T.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/NKo_T.svg/45px-NKo_T.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/NKo_T.svg/60px-NKo_T.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/NKo_D.svg/30px-NKo_D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/NKo_D.svg/45px-NKo_D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/NKo_D.svg/60px-NKo_D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_Ch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/NKo_Ch.svg/30px-NKo_Ch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/NKo_Ch.svg/45px-NKo_Ch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/NKo_Ch.svg/60px-NKo_Ch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_J.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/NKo_J.svg/30px-NKo_J.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/NKo_J.svg/45px-NKo_J.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/NKo_J.svg/60px-NKo_J.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_P.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/NKo_P.svg/30px-NKo_P.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/NKo_P.svg/45px-NKo_P.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/NKo_P.svg/60px-NKo_P.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/NKo_B.svg/30px-NKo_B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/NKo_B.svg/45px-NKo_B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/NKo_B.svg/60px-NKo_B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <th>m</th> <th>g͡b</th> <th>l</th> <th>k</th> <th>f</th> <th>s</th> <th>rr </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߡ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߜ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߟ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߞ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߝ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߛ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߚ</span>‎ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_M.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/NKo_M.svg/30px-NKo_M.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/NKo_M.svg/45px-NKo_M.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/NKo_M.svg/60px-NKo_M.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_Gb.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NKo_Gb.svg/30px-NKo_Gb.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NKo_Gb.svg/45px-NKo_Gb.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NKo_Gb.svg/60px-NKo_Gb.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_L.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NKo_L.svg/30px-NKo_L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NKo_L.svg/45px-NKo_L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NKo_L.svg/60px-NKo_L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_K.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/NKo_K.svg/30px-NKo_K.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/NKo_K.svg/45px-NKo_K.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/NKo_K.svg/60px-NKo_K.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/NKo_F.svg/30px-NKo_F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/NKo_F.svg/45px-NKo_F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/NKo_F.svg/60px-NKo_F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_S.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/NKo_S.svg/30px-NKo_S.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/NKo_S.svg/45px-NKo_S.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/NKo_S.svg/60px-NKo_S.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_Rr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/NKo_Rr.svg/30px-NKo_Rr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/NKo_Rr.svg/45px-NKo_Rr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/NKo_Rr.svg/60px-NKo_Rr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <th>ŋ</th> <th>h</th> <th></th> <th>j</th> <th>w</th> <th>n</th> <th>ɲ </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߒ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߤ</span>‎</td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߦ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߥ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߣ</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߢ</span>‎ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_Ng.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/NKo_Ng.svg/30px-NKo_Ng.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/NKo_Ng.svg/45px-NKo_Ng.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/NKo_Ng.svg/60px-NKo_Ng.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_H.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/NKo_H.svg/30px-NKo_H.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/NKo_H.svg/45px-NKo_H.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/NKo_H.svg/60px-NKo_H.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_Y.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/NKo_Y.svg/30px-NKo_Y.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/NKo_Y.svg/45px-NKo_Y.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/NKo_Y.svg/60px-NKo_Y.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_W.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/NKo_W.svg/30px-NKo_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/NKo_W.svg/45px-NKo_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/NKo_W.svg/60px-NKo_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_N.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/NKo_N.svg/30px-NKo_N.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/NKo_N.svg/45px-NKo_N.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/NKo_N.svg/60px-NKo_N.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKo_Ny.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/NKo_Ny.svg/30px-NKo_Ny.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/NKo_Ny.svg/45px-NKo_Ny.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/NKo_Ny.svg/60px-NKo_Ny.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tones">Tones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NKo uses 7 <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritical</a> marks to denote <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tonality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vowel_length" title="Vowel length">vowel length</a>. Together with plain vowels, NKo distinguishes four tones: high, low, ascending, and descending; and two vowel lengths: long and short. Unmarked signs designate short, descending vowels. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width: 60px;"> </th> <th style="width: 60px;">high </th> <th style="width: 60px;">low </th> <th style="width: 60px;">rising </th> <th style="width: 60px;">falling </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #f0f0f0;">short </th> <td style="font-size: x-large;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߫</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߬</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߭</span>‎ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #f0f0f0;">long </th> <td style="font-size: x-large;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߯</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߰</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߱</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߮</span>‎ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-native_sounds_and_letters">Non-native sounds and letters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Non-native sounds and letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NKo also provides a way of representing non-native sounds through the modification of its letters with diacritics.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These letters are used in transliterated names and loanwords. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Two_dots_(diacritic)" title="Two dots (diacritic)">Two dots</a> above a vowel, resembling a diaeresis or umlaut mark, represent a foreign vowel: u-two-dots for the French <a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">/y/</a> sound, or e-two-dots for the French <a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">/ə/</a>. </p><p>Diacritics are also placed above some consonant letters to cover sounds not found in Mandé, such as gb-dot for /g/; gb-line for /ɣ/; gb-two-dots for <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless labial–velar stop">/k͡p/</a>; f-dot for /v/; rr-dot for <a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">/ʁ/</a>; etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numerals">Numerals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NKo numerals use <a href="/wiki/Positional_notation" title="Positional notation">positional notation</a>. Unlike both <a href="/wiki/Western_Arabic_numerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Arabic numerals">Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arabic_numerals" title="Eastern Arabic numerals">Eastern Arabic numerals</a>, digits decrease in significance from right to left.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <th>0</th> <th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th> <th>8</th> <th>9 </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߀</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߁</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߂</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߃</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߄</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߅</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߆</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߇</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߈</span>‎</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߉</span>‎ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKO_DIGIT_ZERO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NKO_DIGIT_ZERO.svg/20px-NKO_DIGIT_ZERO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NKO_DIGIT_ZERO.svg/30px-NKO_DIGIT_ZERO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NKO_DIGIT_ZERO.svg/40px-NKO_DIGIT_ZERO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="319" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKO_DIGIT_ONE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/NKO_DIGIT_ONE.svg/20px-NKO_DIGIT_ONE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/NKO_DIGIT_ONE.svg/30px-NKO_DIGIT_ONE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/NKO_DIGIT_ONE.svg/40px-NKO_DIGIT_ONE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="319" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKO_DIGIT_TWO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/NKO_DIGIT_TWO.svg/20px-NKO_DIGIT_TWO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/NKO_DIGIT_TWO.svg/30px-NKO_DIGIT_TWO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/NKO_DIGIT_TWO.svg/40px-NKO_DIGIT_TWO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="319" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKO_DIGIT_THREE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/NKO_DIGIT_THREE.svg/20px-NKO_DIGIT_THREE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/NKO_DIGIT_THREE.svg/30px-NKO_DIGIT_THREE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/NKO_DIGIT_THREE.svg/40px-NKO_DIGIT_THREE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="319" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKO_DIGIT_FOUR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NKO_DIGIT_FOUR.svg/20px-NKO_DIGIT_FOUR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NKO_DIGIT_FOUR.svg/30px-NKO_DIGIT_FOUR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NKO_DIGIT_FOUR.svg/40px-NKO_DIGIT_FOUR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="319" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKO_DIGIT_FIVE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/NKO_DIGIT_FIVE.svg/20px-NKO_DIGIT_FIVE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/NKO_DIGIT_FIVE.svg/30px-NKO_DIGIT_FIVE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/NKO_DIGIT_FIVE.svg/40px-NKO_DIGIT_FIVE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="319" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKO_DIGIT_SIX.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/NKO_DIGIT_SIX.svg/20px-NKO_DIGIT_SIX.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/NKO_DIGIT_SIX.svg/30px-NKO_DIGIT_SIX.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/NKO_DIGIT_SIX.svg/40px-NKO_DIGIT_SIX.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="319" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKO_DIGIT_SEVEN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/NKO_DIGIT_SEVEN.svg/20px-NKO_DIGIT_SEVEN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/NKO_DIGIT_SEVEN.svg/30px-NKO_DIGIT_SEVEN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/NKO_DIGIT_SEVEN.svg/40px-NKO_DIGIT_SEVEN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="319" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKO_DIGIT_EIGHT.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/NKO_DIGIT_EIGHT.svg/20px-NKO_DIGIT_EIGHT.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/NKO_DIGIT_EIGHT.svg/30px-NKO_DIGIT_EIGHT.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/NKO_DIGIT_EIGHT.svg/40px-NKO_DIGIT_EIGHT.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="319" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NKO_DIGIT_NINE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/NKO_DIGIT_NINE.svg/20px-NKO_DIGIT_NINE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/NKO_DIGIT_NINE.svg/30px-NKO_DIGIT_NINE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/NKO_DIGIT_NINE.svg/40px-NKO_DIGIT_NINE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="319" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Punctuation">Punctuation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Punctuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>⸜...⸝ bracket paraphrased text, approximately equivalent to italics in Latin script.</li> <li>«...» bracket quoted text.</li> <li><span class="nowrap">⟨߸‎⟩</span> comma</li> <li><span class="nowrap">⟨߹‎⟩</span> exclamation mark</li> <li><span class="nowrap">⟨߷⟩</span> paragraph mark; marks the end of a section of text</li> <li><span class="nowrap">⟨ߴ‎⟩</span> apostrophe (elision of a vowel carrying a high tone)</li> <li><span class="nowrap">⟨ߵ‎⟩</span> apostrophe (elision of a vowel carrying a low tone)</li></ul> <p>A low hyphen is used for compound words and the ASCII hyphen <span class="nowrap">⟨-⟩</span> is used for splitting words at line breaks. There is no distinct computer character for the low hyphen; Unicode recommends using the <a href="/wiki/Non-breaking_hyphen" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-breaking hyphen">non-breaking hyphen</a> for that purpose. </p><p>Arabic punctuation marks used in Nko text include: </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">⟨،⟩</span> comma (may occur in the same text as <span class="nowrap">⟨߸‎⟩</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap">⟨؛⟩</span> semicolon</li> <li><span class="nowrap">⟨؟⟩</span> question mark</li> <li><span class="nowrap">⟨﴾...﴿⟩</span> ornate parentheses (graphic form may differ from Arabic)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Digitization">Digitization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Digitization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the increasing use of computers and the subsequent desire to provide universal access to information technology, the challenge arose of developing ways to use the NKo script on computers. From the 1990s onwards, there were efforts to develop fonts and even web content by adapting other software and fonts. A <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a> word processor named Koma Kuda was developed by Prof. Baba Mamadi Diané from <a href="/wiki/Cairo_University" title="Cairo University">Cairo University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the lack of intercompatibility inherent in such solutions was a block to further development. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Wikipedia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is also a <a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%93%DF%8F%DF%AC%DF%9F%DF%8F%DF%B2%DF%AC%DF%98%DF%8A" class="extiw" title="nqo:ߓߏ߬ߟߏ߲߬ߘߊ">NKo version of Wikipedia</a> in existence since 26 November 2019, it contains 1,532 articles, with 12,080 edits and 4,644 users.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/NKo_(Unicode_block)" title="NKo (Unicode block)">NKo (Unicode block)</a></div> <p>The NKo script was added to the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Standard in July 2006 with the release of version 5.0. Additional characters were added in 2018. </p><p><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s Programme Initiative B@bel supported preparing a proposal to encode NKo in <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>. In 2004, the proposal, presented by three professors of NKo (Baba Mamadi Diané, Mamady Doumbouya, and Karamo Kaba Jammeh) working with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" title="Michael Everson">Michael Everson</a>, was approved for balloting by the ISO working group WG2. In 2006, NKo was approved for Unicode 5.0. The Unicode block for NKo is U+07C0–U+07FF: </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/NKo_(Unicode_block)" title="NKo (Unicode block)">NKo</a></b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U07C0_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U07C0_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U07C0_grey"><a href="#endnote_U07C0_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U07C0.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+07Cx </td> <td title="U+07C0: NKO DIGIT ZERO"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߀</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07C1: NKO DIGIT ONE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߁</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07C2: NKO DIGIT TWO"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߂</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07C3: NKO DIGIT THREE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߃</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07C4: NKO DIGIT FOUR"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߄</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07C5: NKO DIGIT FIVE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߅</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07C6: NKO DIGIT SIX"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߆</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07C7: NKO DIGIT SEVEN"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߇</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07C8: NKO DIGIT EIGHT"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߈</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07C9: NKO DIGIT NINE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߉</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07CA: NKO LETTER A"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߊ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07CB: NKO LETTER EE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߋ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07CC: NKO LETTER I"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߌ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07CD: NKO LETTER E"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߍ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07CE: NKO LETTER U"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߎ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07CF: NKO LETTER OO"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߏ</span>‎ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+07Dx </td> <td title="U+07D0: NKO LETTER O"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߐ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07D1: NKO LETTER DAGBASINNA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߑ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07D2: NKO LETTER N"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߒ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07D3: NKO LETTER BA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߓ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07D4: NKO LETTER PA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߔ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07D5: NKO LETTER TA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߕ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07D6: NKO LETTER JA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߖ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07D7: NKO LETTER CHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߗ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07D8: NKO LETTER DA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߘ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07D9: NKO LETTER RA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߙ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07DA: NKO LETTER RRA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߚ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07DB: NKO LETTER SA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߛ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07DC: NKO LETTER GBA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߜ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07DD: NKO LETTER FA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߝ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07DE: NKO LETTER KA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߞ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07DF: NKO LETTER LA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߟ</span>‎ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+07Ex </td> <td title="U+07E0: NKO LETTER NA WOLOSO"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߠ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07E1: NKO LETTER MA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߡ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07E2: NKO LETTER NYA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߢ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07E3: NKO LETTER NA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߣ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07E4: NKO LETTER HA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߤ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07E5: NKO LETTER WA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߥ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07E6: NKO LETTER YA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߦ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07E7: NKO LETTER NYA WOLOSO"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߧ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07E8: NKO LETTER JONA JA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߨ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07E9: NKO LETTER JONA CHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߩ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07EA: NKO LETTER JONA RA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߪ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07EB: NKO COMBINING SHORT HIGH TONE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߫</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07EC: NKO COMBINING SHORT LOW TONE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߬</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07ED: NKO COMBINING SHORT RISING TONE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߭</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07EE: NKO COMBINING LONG DESCENDING TONE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߮</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07EF: NKO COMBINING LONG HIGH TONE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߯</span>‎ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+07Fx </td> <td title="U+07F0: NKO COMBINING LONG LOW TONE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߰</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07F1: NKO COMBINING LONG RISING TONE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߱</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07F2: NKO COMBINING NASALIZATION MARK"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߲</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07F3: NKO COMBINING DOUBLE DOT ABOVE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߳</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07F4: NKO HIGH TONE APOSTROPHE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߴ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07F5: NKO LOW TONE APOSTROPHE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߵ</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07F6: NKO SYMBOL OO DENNEN"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߶</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07F7: NKO SYMBOL GBAKURUNEN"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߷</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07F8: NKO COMMA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߸</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07F9: NKO EXCLAMATION MARK"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߹</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07FA: NKO LAJANYALAN"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">ߺ</span>‎ </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+07FD: NKO DANTAYALAN"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߽</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07FE: NKO DOROME SIGN"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߾</span>‎ </td> <td title="U+07FF: NKO TAMAN SIGN"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866774678"><span class="script-nko" dir="rtl">߿</span>‎ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U07C0_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U07C0_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U07C0_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U07C0_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEberhardSimonsFennig2019" class="citation web cs1">Eberhard, David; Simons, Gary; Fennig, Charles, eds. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/nqo">"N'ko"</a>. <i>Ethnoloque</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnoloque&rft.atitle=N%27ko&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fnqo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOyler2002" class="citation journal cs1">Oyler, Dianne (Spring 2002). "Re-Inventing Oral Tradition: The Modern Epic of Souleymane Kanté". <i>Research in African Literatures</i>. <b>33</b> (1): 75–93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fral.2002.0034">10.1353/ral.2002.0034</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3820930">3820930</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/57936283">57936283</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162339606">162339606</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+in+African+Literatures&rft.atitle=Re-Inventing+Oral+Tradition%3A+The+Modern+Epic+of+Souleymane+Kant%C3%A9&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=75-93&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57936283&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162339606%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3820930%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fral.2002.0034&rft.aulast=Oyler&rft.aufirst=Dianne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOyler2001" class="citation journal cs1">Oyler, Dianne White (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3097555">"A Cultural Revolution in Africa: Literacy in the Republic of Guinea since Independence"</a>. <i>The International Journal of African Historical Studies</i>. <b>34</b> (3): 585–600. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3097555">10.2307/3097555</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0361-7882">0361-7882</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3097555">3097555</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+African+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Cultural+Revolution+in+Africa%3A+Literacy+in+the+Republic+of+Guinea+since+Independence&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=585-600&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=0361-7882&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3097555%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3097555&rft.aulast=Oyler&rft.aufirst=Dianne+White&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3097555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Donaldson-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Donaldson_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonaldson2020" class="citation journal cs1">Donaldson, Coleman (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fasr.2019.59">"The Role of Islam, Ajami writings, and educational reform in Sulemaana Kantè's N'ko"</a>. <i>African Studies Review</i>. <b>63</b> (3): 462–486. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fasr.2019.59">10.1017/asr.2019.59</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-0206">0002-0206</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Islam%2C+Ajami+writings%2C+and+educational+reform+in+Sulemaana+Kant%C3%A8%27s+N%27ko&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=462-486&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fasr.2019.59&rft.issn=0002-0206&rft.aulast=Donaldson&rft.aufirst=Coleman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252Fasr.2019.59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOyler1997" class="citation journal cs1">Oyler, Dianne White (January 1997). "The N'ko Alphabet as a Vehicle of Indigenist Historiography". <i>History in Africa</i>. <b>24</b>: 239–256. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3172028">10.2307/3172028</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3172028">3172028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+in+Africa&rft.atitle=The+N%27ko+Alphabet+as+a+Vehicle+of+Indigenist+Historiography&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=239-256&rft.date=1997-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3172028&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3172028%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Oyler&rft.aufirst=Dianne+White&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOyler2005" class="citation book cs1">Oyler, Dianne White (November 2005). <i>The History of N'ko and its Role in Mande Transnational Identity: Words as Weapons</i>. Africana Homestead Legacy Publishers. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9653308-7-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9653308-7-9"><bdi>978-0-9653308-7-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+N%27ko+and+its+Role+in+Mande+Transnational+Identity%3A+Words+as+Weapons&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Africana+Homestead+Legacy+Publishers&rft.date=2005-11&rft.isbn=978-0-9653308-7-9&rft.aulast=Oyler&rft.aufirst=Dianne+White&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">• <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anydayguide.com/calendar/1899">"N'Ko Alphabet Day"</a>. <i>Any Day Guide</i>. <q>N'Ko Alphabet Day is celebrated on April 14 in some West African countries, where the Manding languages are spoken. It marks the anniversary of the date the alphabet is believed to have been finalized.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Any+Day+Guide&rft.atitle=N%27Ko+Alphabet+Day&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanydayguide.com%2Fcalendar%2F1899&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span><br />• <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarikayi" class="citation web cs1">Garikayi, Tapiwanashe S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nan.xyz/txt/designing-afrikan-fonts/">"Afrikan Fonts: The N'Ko Alphabet"</a>. <i>nan.xyz</i>. <q>N'Ko started to be utilized in numerous instructive books when the script is believed to have been finalized on April 14, 1949 (presently N'Ko Alphabet Day)....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nan.xyz&rft.atitle=Afrikan+Fonts%3A+The+N%27Ko+Alphabet&rft.aulast=Garikayi&rft.aufirst=Tapiwanashe+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nan.xyz%2Ftxt%2Fdesigning-afrikan-fonts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOyler2001" class="citation journal cs1">Oyler, Dianne White (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3097555">"A Cultural Revolution in Africa: Literacy in the Republic of Guinea since Independence"</a>. <i>The International Journal of African Historical Studies</i>. <b>34</b> (3): 585–600. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3097555">10.2307/3097555</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0361-7882">0361-7882</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3097555">3097555</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+African+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Cultural+Revolution+in+Africa%3A+Literacy+in+the+Republic+of+Guinea+since+Independence&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=585-600&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=0361-7882&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3097555%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3097555&rft.aulast=Oyler&rft.aufirst=Dianne+White&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3097555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Rosenberg, Tina (9 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/11/magazine/everyone-speaks-text-message.html?">"Everyone Speaks Text Message"</a>. <i>The New York Times Magazine</i>. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=Everyone+Speaks+Text+Message&rft.pages=20&rft.date=2011-12-09&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F12%2F11%2Fmagazine%2Feveryone-speaks-text-message.html%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oyler, Dianne White (1994) <i>Mande identity through literacy, the N'ko writing system as an agent of cultural nationalism</i>. Toronto: African Studies Association.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.google/products/translate/google-translate-new-languages-2024/">"110 new languages are coming to Google Translate"</a>. 27 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=110+new+languages+are+coming+to+Google+Translate&rft.date=2024-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.google%2Fproducts%2Ftranslate%2Fgoogle-translate-new-languages-2024%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.google.com/translate/answer/15139004?visit_id=638550958236798747-1807070892&p=TranslateNewLanguages2024&rd=1">"What's new in Google Translate: More than 100 new languages"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+new+in+Google+Translate%3A+More+than+100+new+languages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.google.com%2Ftranslate%2Fanswer%2F15139004%3Fvisit_id%3D638550958236798747-1807070892%26p%3DTranslateNewLanguages2024%26rd%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyrod2008" class="citation journal cs1">Wyrod, Christopher (January 2008). "A social orthography of identity: the NKo literacy movement in West Africa". <i>International Journal of the Sociology of Language</i> (192). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fijsl.2008.033">10.1515/ijsl.2008.033</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0165-2516">0165-2516</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143142019">143142019</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+the+Sociology+of+Language&rft.atitle=A+social+orthography+of+identity%3A+the+NKo+literacy+movement+in+West+Africa&rft.issue=192&rft.date=2008-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143142019%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0165-2516&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fijsl.2008.033&rft.aulast=Wyrod&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unseth, Peter. 2011. Invention of Scripts in West Africa for Ethnic Revitalization. In <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFishmanGarcia2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Fishman" title="Joshua Fishman">Fishman, Joshua</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ofelia_Garc%C3%ADa_(educator)" title="Ofelia García (educator)">Garcia, Ofelia</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oUydX_3rG0AC"><i>Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity: The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts (Volume 2)</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-983799-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-983799-1"><bdi>978-0-19-983799-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Language+and+Ethnic+Identity%3A+The+Success-Failure+Continuum+in+Language+and+Ethnic+Identity+Efforts+%28Volume+2%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-983799-1&rft.aulast=Fishman&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.au=Garcia%2C+Ofelia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoUydX_3rG0AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fakoli.net/nko/tutorial/intro.html">N'Ko Language Tutorial: Introduction</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgelogbagan_Agbovi" class="citation web cs1">Agelogbagan Agbovi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.restorationhealing.com/ganhumehan-vodun-book">"Gànhúmehàn Vodún - Living Sacred Text (completely in Fongbe and N'ko)"</a>. <i>Kilombo Restoration & Healing</i>. Kilombo Restoration and Healing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kilombo+Restoration+%26+Healing&rft.atitle=G%C3%A0nh%C3%BAmeh%C3%A0n+Vod%C3%BAn+-+Living+Sacred+Text+%28completely+in+Fongbe+and+N%27ko%29&rft.au=Agelogbagan+Agbovi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.restorationhealing.com%2Fganhumehan-vodun-book&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoumbouya2012" class="citation book cs1">Doumbouya, Mamady (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cormand.huma-num.fr/maninkabiblio/ouvrages/dunbuya-angile_nko.pdf"><i>Illustrated English/N'Ko Alphabet: An introduction to N'Ko for English Speakers</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Philadelphia, PA, USA: N'Ko Institute of America. p. 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+English%2FN%27Ko+Alphabet%3A+An+introduction+to+N%27Ko+for+English+Speakers&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA%2C+USA&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=N%27Ko+Institute+of+America&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Doumbouya&rft.aufirst=Mamady&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcormand.huma-num.fr%2Fmaninkabiblio%2Fouvrages%2Fdunbuya-angile_nko.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSogoba2018" class="citation web cs1">Sogoba, Mia (June 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.culturesofwestafrica.com/nko-alphabet-west-african-script/">"N'Ko Alphabet: a West African Script"</a>. <i>Cultures of West Africa</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cultures+of+West+Africa&rft.atitle=N%27Ko+Alphabet%3A+a+West+African+Script&rft.date=2018-06-01&rft.aulast=Sogoba&rft.aufirst=Mia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturesofwestafrica.com%2Fnko-alphabet-west-african-script%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.afrikanistik-aegyptologie-online.de/archiv/2012/3553">https://www.afrikanistik-aegyptologie-online.de/archiv/2012/3553</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Personal note from the LISA/Cairo conference, in Dec. 2005, Don Osborn</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9E%DF%99%DF%8D%DF%9E%DF%99%DF%8D%DF%A3%DF%8D%DF%B2:Statistics" class="extiw" title="nqo:ߞߙߍߞߙߍߣߍ߲:Statistics">nqo:ߞߙߍߞߙߍߣߍ߲:Statistics</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_sources">General sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: General sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCondé2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Condé, Ibrahima Sory 2 (2008-09-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121120210054/http://mandelang.kunstkamera.ru/files/mandelang/konde.pdf">"Soulemana Kanté entre Linguistique et Grammaire : Le cas de la langue littéraire utilisée dans les textes en N'Ko"</a> [Solomana Kante between Linguistics and Grammar: The case of the literary language used in texts in N'Ko] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mandelang.kunstkamera.ru/files/mandelang/konde.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-11-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Soulemana+Kant%C3%A9+entre+Linguistique+et+Grammaire+%3A+Le+cas+de+la+langue+litt%C3%A9raire+utilis%C3%A9e+dans+les+textes+en+N%27Ko&rft.date=2008-09-17&rft.aulast=Cond%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Ibrahima+Sory+2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmandelang.kunstkamera.ru%2Ffiles%2Fmandelang%2Fkonde.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConrad2001" class="citation journal cs1">Conrad, David C. (2001). "Reconstructing Oral Tradition: Souleymane Kanté's Approach to Writing Mande History". <i>Mande Studies</i>. <b>3</b>: 147–200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2Fmnd.2001.a873349">10.2979/mnd.2001.a873349</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mande+Studies&rft.atitle=Reconstructing+Oral+Tradition%3A+Souleymane+Kant%C3%A9%27s+Approach+to+Writing+Mande+History&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=147-200&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2Fmnd.2001.a873349&rft.aulast=Conrad&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalby1969" class="citation journal cs1">Dalby, David (1969). "Further indigenous scripts of West Africa: Mandin, Wolof and Fula alphabets and Yoruba 'Holy' writing". <i>African Language Studies</i>. <b>10</b>: 161–181.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Language+Studies&rft.atitle=Further+indigenous+scripts+of+West+Africa%3A+Mandin%2C+Wolof+and+Fula+alphabets+and+Yoruba+%27Holy%27+writing&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=161-181&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Dalby&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavydov" class="citation web cs1">Davydov, Artem. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023153/http://mandelang.kunstkamera.ru/files/mandelang/davydov.pdf">"On Souleymane Kanté's 'Nko Grammar'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mandelang.kunstkamera.ru/files/mandelang/davydov.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+Souleymane+Kant%C3%A9%27s+%27Nko+Grammar%27&rft.aulast=Davydov&rft.aufirst=Artem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmandelang.kunstkamera.ru%2Ffiles%2Fmandelang%2Fdavydov.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonaldson2017" class="citation cs2">Donaldson, Coleman (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI10681364"><i>Clear Language: Script, Register and the N'ko Movement of Mandé-Speaking West Africa.</i></a>, Doctoral Dissertation, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clear+Language%3A+Script%2C+Register+and+the+N%27ko+Movement+of+Mand%C3%A9-Speaking+West+Africa.&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Donaldson&rft.aufirst=Coleman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.upenn.edu%2Fdissertations%2FAAI10681364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonaldson2019" class="citation journal cs1">Donaldson, Coleman (2019). "Linguistic and Civic Refinement in the N'ko Movement of Manding-Speaking West Africa". <i>Signs and Society</i>. <b>7</b> (2): 156–185. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F702554">10.1086/702554</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:181625415">181625415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Signs+and+Society&rft.atitle=Linguistic+and+Civic+Refinement+in+the+N%27ko+Movement+of+Manding-Speaking+West+Africa&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=156-185&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F702554&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A181625415%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Donaldson&rft.aufirst=Coleman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonaldson2017" class="citation book cs1">Donaldson, Coleman (2017). "Orthography, Standardization and Register: The Case of Mandé". In Pia Lane; James Costa; Haley De Korne (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.upenn.edu/gse_grad_pubs/2/"><i>Standardizing Minority Languages: Competing Ideologies of Authority and Authenticity in the Global Periphery</i></a>. Routledge Critical Studies in Multilingualism. New York, NY: Routledge. pp. 175–199.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Orthography%2C+Standardization+and+Register%3A+The+Case+of+Mand%C3%A9&rft.btitle=Standardizing+Minority+Languages%3A+Competing+Ideologies+of+Authority+and+Authenticity+in+the+Global+Periphery&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=175-199&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Donaldson&rft.aufirst=Coleman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.upenn.edu%2Fgse_grad_pubs%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonaldson2020" class="citation journal cs1">Donaldson, Coleman (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fasr.2019.59">"The Role of Islam, Ajami writings, and educational reform in Sulemaana Kantè's N'ko"</a>. <i>African Studies Review</i>. <b>63</b> (3): 462–486. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fasr.2019.59">10.1017/asr.2019.59</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Islam%2C+Ajami+writings%2C+and+educational+reform+in+Sulemaana+Kant%C3%A8%27s+N%27ko&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=462-486&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fasr.2019.59&rft.aulast=Donaldson&rft.aufirst=Coleman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252Fasr.2019.59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEversonMamady_DoumbouyaBaba_Mamadi_DianéKaramo_Jammeh2004" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" title="Michael Everson">Everson, Michael</a>; Mamady Doumbouya; Baba Mamadi Diané; Karamo Jammeh (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2765.pdf">"Proposal to add the N'Ko script to the BMP of the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proposal+to+add+the+N%27Ko+script+to+the+BMP+of+the+UCS&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Mamady+Doumbouya&rft.au=Baba+Mamadi+Dian%C3%A9&rft.au=Karamo+Jammeh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstd.dkuug.dk%2Fjtc1%2Fsc2%2Fwg2%2Fdocs%2Fn2765.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOyler1994" class="citation book cs1">Oyler, Dianne White (1994). <i>Mande identity through literacy, the N'ko writing system as an agent of cultural nationalism</i>. Toronto: African Studies Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mande+identity+through+literacy%2C+the+N%27ko+writing+system+as+an+agent+of+cultural+nationalism&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=African+Studies+Association&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Oyler&rft.aufirst=Dianne+White&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOyler1995" class="citation cs2">Oyler, Dianne (1995), <i>For "All Those Who Say N'ko": N'ko Literacy and Mande Cultural Nationalism in the Republic of Guinea</i>, Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Florida</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=For+%22All+Those+Who+Say+N%27ko%22%3A+N%27ko+Literacy+and+Mande+Cultural+Nationalism+in+the+Republic+of+Guinea&rft.pub=University+of+Florida&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Oyler&rft.aufirst=Dianne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOyler1997" class="citation journal cs1">Oyler, Dianne White (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3172028">"The N'ko Alphabet as a Vehicle of Indigenist Historiography"</a></span>. <i>History in Africa</i>. <b>24</b>: 239–256. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3172028">10.2307/3172028</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3172028">3172028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+in+Africa&rft.atitle=The+N%27ko+Alphabet+as+a+Vehicle+of+Indigenist+Historiography&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=239-256&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3172028&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3172028%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Oyler&rft.aufirst=Dianne+White&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3172028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRovenchak2015" class="citation journal cs1">Rovenchak, Andrij (2015). Arjuna Tuzzi; Martina Benešová; Ján Macutek (eds.). "Quantitative Studies in the Corpus of Nko Periodicals". <i>Recent Contributions to Quantitative Linguistics</i>. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter: 125–138. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110420296-012">10.1515/9783110420296-012</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-041987-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-041987-0"><bdi>978-3-11-041987-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Recent+Contributions+to+Quantitative+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Quantitative+Studies+in+the+Corpus+of+Nko+Periodicals&rft.pages=125-138&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110420296-012&rft.isbn=978-3-11-041987-0&rft.aulast=Rovenchak&rft.aufirst=Andrij&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingler1996" class="citation book cs1">Singler, John Victor (1996). "Scripts of West Africa". In Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (eds.). <i>The World's Writing Systems</i>. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc. pp. 593–598.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Scripts+of+West+Africa&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Writing+Systems&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=593-598&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Singler&rft.aufirst=John+Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVydrine2001" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Vydrin" title="Valentin Vydrin">Vydrine, Valentin F</a> (2001). "Souleymane Kanté, un philosophe-innovateur traditionnaliste maninka vu à travers ses écrits en nko" [Solomana Kante, a Maninka traditionalist philosopher-innovator seen through his writings in N'Ko]. <i>Mande Studies</i> (in French). <b>3</b>: 99–131. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2Fmnd.2001.a873361">10.2979/mnd.2001.a873361</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mande+Studies&rft.atitle=Souleymane+Kant%C3%A9%2C+un+philosophe-innovateur+traditionnaliste+maninka+vu+%C3%A0+travers+ses+%C3%A9crits+en+nko&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=99-131&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2Fmnd.2001.a873361&rft.aulast=Vydrine&rft.aufirst=Valentin+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyrod2003" class="citation cs2">Wyrod, Christopher (2003), <i>The light on the horizon: N'Ko literacy and formal schooling in Guinea</i>, MA thesis, George Washington University</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+light+on+the+horizon%3A+N%27Ko+literacy+and+formal+schooling+in+Guinea&rft.pub=George+Washington+University&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Wyrod&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyrod2008" class="citation journal cs1">Wyrod, Christopher (2008). "A social orthography of identity: the N'Ko literacy movement in West Africa". <i><a href="/wiki/International_Journal_of_the_Sociology_of_Language" title="International Journal of the Sociology of Language">International Journal of the Sociology of Language</a></i> (192): 27–44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+the+Sociology+of+Language&rft.atitle=A+social+orthography+of+identity%3A+the+N%27Ko+literacy+movement+in+West+Africa&rft.issue=192&rft.pages=27-44&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Wyrod&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041117031918/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D17488%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html">"B@bel and Script Encoding Initiative Supporting Linguistic Diversity in Cyberspace"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></i>. 2004-12-11. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D17488%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html">the original</a> on 2004-11-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=B%40bel+and+Script+Encoding+Initiative+Supporting+Linguistic+Diversity+in+Cyberspace&rft.date=2004-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.unesco.org%2Fci%2Fen%2Fev.php-URL_ID%253D17488%2526URL_DO%253DDO_TOPIC%2526URL_SECTION%253D201.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bambara">"Bambara"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. 2000. <q>The Bambara, like other West African peoples, use the distinctive N'ko alphabet, which reads from right to left.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bambara&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FBambara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nkoinstitute.com/nko-alphabet">"N'Ko Alphabet"</a>. <i>N'Ko Institute of America</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=N%27Ko+Institute+of+America&rft.atitle=N%27Ko+Alphabet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnkoinstitute.com%2Fnko-alphabet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AN%27Ko+script" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:N%27Ko_script" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:N'Ko script">N'Ko script</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="nqo:"> N’Ko edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kanjamadi.com/">Kanjamadi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lughat.blogspot.com/2005/05/nko.html">Observations on the use of N'ko</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/nko.htm">Omniglot page on N'ko</a>, with more links</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141021110925/http://www.nkohome.com/">Nkohome</a>, N'ko tutorial site with information on N'ko publications and contacts</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keymanweb.com/#nqo,Keyboard_nko">Virtual N'Ko keyboard</a> by KeymanWeb</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2SwHBlUNPko">How to write the N'ko alphabet (ߒߞߏ) of West Africa: A tutorial!</a>, tutorial video on writing basic letters from:</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ankataa.com/">An Ka Taa</a>: "Learn <b>Manding</b>—commonly referred to as Bambara, Dioula, Malinké or Mandingo!"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130516204859/http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Manding">Information about Manding languages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fakoli.net/nko/tutorial/intro.html">An introduction to N'Ko</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070625154007/http://www.panafril10n.org/panafrloc/Casa-NKO.pdf">"Casablanca Statement"</a> (on localization of ICT) translated & written in N'Ko</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Nko">PanAfriL10n page on N'Ko</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamhouse.com/d/files/nk/ih_books/single/nk_Translation_of_the_Meaning_of_the_Holy_Quran_in_Nko.pdf">Translation of the Meaning of the Holy Quran in N'ko</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/11/magazine/everyone-speaks-text-message.html">Everyone Speaks Text Message</a> (Tina Rosenberg, <i>The New York Times Magazine</i>, Dec. 11, 2011)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template talk:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_writing_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_"hieroglyphs"" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&oldid=1256235039">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&oldid=1256235039</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alphabets" title="Category:Alphabets">Alphabets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writing_systems_introduced_in_1949" title="Category:Writing systems introduced in 1949">Writing systems introduced in 1949</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writing_systems_of_Africa" title="Category:Writing systems of Africa">Writing systems of Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Right-to-left_writing_systems" title="Category:Right-to-left writing systems">Right-to-left writing systems</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Constructed_scripts" title="Category:Constructed scripts">Constructed scripts</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024">Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scripts_with_ISO_15924_four-letter_codes" title="Category:Scripts with ISO 15924 four-letter codes">Scripts with ISO 15924 four-letter codes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 November 2024, at 22:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7sh2w","wgBackendResponseTime":122,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.042","walltime":"1.269","ppvisitednodes":{"value":19609,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":297105,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9001,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":145958,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 961.734 1 -total"," 22.56% 216.931 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.49% 148.966 1 Template:List_of_writing_systems"," 14.51% 139.543 12 Template:Cite_web"," 13.32% 128.118 1 Template:Infobox_writing_system"," 12.72% 122.331 1 Template:Infobox"," 11.86% 114.028 106 Template:Script"," 8.45% 81.268 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.34% 80.191 1 Template:Unicode_chart_NKo"," 8.10% 77.896 1 Template:Braille"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.503","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8127797,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-vz5zt","timestamp":"20241122144038","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"N'Ko script","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/N%27Ko_script","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1062587","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1062587","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-04-27T14:29:53Z","dateModified":"2024-11-08T22:46:28Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9d\/NKo-script.svg","headline":"alphabet"}</script> </body> </html>