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color:#FFFFFF; padding:10 0 0 0; margin:0 0 0 0">Computers & Writing Systems</p> </div> <div style="padding:0 0 0 0; background-color:#000000; color:#FFFFFF"> <table width='100%'> <tr> <td style="padding: 0 0 0 25px"><a class="GlobalNavLink" href="http://www.sil.org/">SIL HOME</a> | <a class="GlobalNavLink" href="https://software.sil.org/products/">SIL SOFTWARE</a> | <a class="GlobalNavLink" href="/support.html">SUPPORT</a> | <a class="GlobalNavLink" href="https://www.givedirect.org/donate/?cid=13536">DONATE</a> | <a class="GlobalNavLink" href="/privacy-policy.html">PRIVACY POLICY</a> </td> <td align='right' width='20%'> <script async src="https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=0760bf09a6bff4b0c"></script><style>.gsc-control-cse {padding: 0.6em; min-width: 10em; width: 18em; max-width: 20em} form.gsc-search-box {display: unset;}</style><div class="gcse-search"></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div style="padding:0 25 25 25"> <p class='CategoryPath'>You are here: <a class='CategoryPath' href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Dtypedesign%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>Type Design</a> > <a class='CategoryPath' href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Dtypedesignresources%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>Resources</a> > <a class='CategoryPath' href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Dfontdownloadsipa%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>IPA</a><br> Short URL: <a href='/ipahome.html'>https://scripts.sil.org/IPAhome</a></p>   <h1>IPA Transcription with SIL Fonts </h1> <p> <span class='author_date_hits'>SIL Linguistics Department and NRSI staff, 2012-05-18</span></p><div class='Warning'><p class='Warning_heading'> Note:</p><p>This page is no longer the most up-to-date page. Please go to <a href='https://scriptsource.org/entry/hcxs7ztdmy' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> IPA transcription with SIL fonts</a> for the most up-to-date information.</p> </div><p class='TOCTitle'></p> <div class='TOC'> <ol> <li class='TOC1'><a href='#0b79795d'>Introduction</a></li> <li class='TOC1'><a href='#32147a94'>Font Home Pages</a> <ol> <li class='TOC2'><a href='#2339eb7c'>Unicode-encoded Fonts</a></li> <li class='TOC2'><a href='#4db3caac'>Legacy Fonts</a></li> </ol> </li> <li class='TOC1'><a href='#865cf9ad'>Other IPA Resources </a> <ol> <li class='TOC2'><a href='#cc27f3ba'>IPA Unicode codepoints</a></li> <li class='TOC2'><a href='#9b368e2b'>IPA Unicode Keyboards</a></li> <li class='TOC2'><a href='#2ea7edf8'>IPA Character Picker Utility</a></li> <li class='TOC2'><a href='#af02642b'>Conversion to Unicode</a> <ol> <li class='TOC3'><a href='#836e214f'>SIL IPA93</a></li> <li class='TOC3'><a href='#c87eccde'>SIL IPA (1990)</a></li> <li class='TOC3'><a href='#82b11719'>Amer Phon SILDoulos font</a></li> <li class='TOC3'><a href='#adc83895'>IPA-SAM phonetic fonts</a></li> </ol> </li> <li class='TOC2'><a href='#b7d4dd33'>Pitch Contours and Tone in Unicode</a></li> </ol> </li> <li class='TOC1'><a href='#f8ec0f3a'>Related Links</a></li> <li class='TOC1'><a href='#19c83ecb'>Page History</a></li> </ol> </div> <p></p> <a name='0b79795d'></a> <h2>Introduction</h2> <p>SIL International has produced several font sets over the years that allow for the transcription of linguistic data using the International Phonetic Alphabet. These fonts are:</p> <ul class='dListUnordered'> <li>Unicode-encoded fonts <ul class='dListUnordered'> <li><a href='https://software.sil.org/charis/' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> Charis SIL</a></li> <li><a href='https://software.sil.org/doulos/' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> Doulos SIL</a></li> <li><a href='https://software.sil.org/gentium/' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> Gentium Plus</a></li> <li><a href='https://software.sil.org/andika/' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> Andika</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Legacy fonts <ul class='dListUnordered'> <li><a href='#IPA93'>SIL IPA93 2.0</a></li> <li><a href='#IPA'>SIL IPA 1.2</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>In general, SIL recommends the use of the Unicode-encoded fonts. The older, “legacy” fonts were designed to work with text in a custom 8-bit encoding, not a recognized character encoding standard, and required changing fonts when switching between normal text and IPA transcription. With Unicode-encoded fonts, the user can produce both normal text and IPA transcription with a single font. In addition, Unicode provides cross-platform compatibility. There were built-in incompatibilities between Windows and Mac versions of the legacy fonts, whereas Unicode has been adopted as a standard for Windows, Mac, and Linux systems. Using Unicode fonts:</p> <ul class='dListUnordered'> <li>Facilitates sharing your data files and archiving your data for future generations.</li> <li>Allows compatibility with updated computer Operating Systems and SIL software. </li> </ul> <p>Having said that, there are certain special cases that may warrant the use of the legacy fonts:</p> <ul class='dListUnordered'> <li>You are using a legacy application which does not support the use of Unicode or does not support smart-font capabilities for proper placement of diacritics.</li> <li>You want to produce a near-publication quality document with Doulos, but need the bold, italic, and bold-italic typefaces.</li> <li>You want to produce a near-publication quality document with Sophia or Manuscript.</li> <li>Many Universities and Journals continue to require the use of SIL IPA93 fonts. Until that policy is changed you may need to use the <a href='#IPA93'>SIL IPA93 fonts</a>.</li> </ul> <p></p> <p>Below, we provide a brief discussion of the issues related to the use of each of the above-mentioned fonts. The best option for publication-quality typesetting is Charis SIL.</p> <a name='32147a94'></a> <h2>Font Home Pages</h2> <a name='2339eb7c'></a> <h3>Unicode-encoded Fonts</h3> <a name='Charis'></a> <p><a href='http://software.sil.org/charis/' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> Charis SIL</a> — Charis SIL is a Unicode-encoded serif font. Besides having a comprehensive inventory of glyphs needed for almost any Roman- or Cyrillic-based writing system, it also contains the entire inventory of the International Phonetic Alphabet. The latest version also contains the <a href='http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/news.html' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> newly-adopted symbol for the labiodental flap</a>. It includes the characters in the <a href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Dpua_home%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>SIL Private Use Area</a>. It has built-in “smart-font” capabilities, so diacritics are properly placed. It contains all four typefaces (regular, bold, italic, and bold-italic). This is the font that SIL recommends using for publication-quality typesetting. SIL plans to continue developing Charis SIL in the future.</p> <a name='Doulos'></a> <p><a href='http://software.sil.org/doulos/' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> Doulos SIL</a> — Doulos SIL is a Unicode-encoded serif font similar to Times New Roman. Besides having a comprehensive inventory of glyphs needed for almost any Roman- or Cyrillic-based writing system, it also contains the entire inventory of the International Phonetic Alphabet. The latest version also contains the <a href='http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/news.html' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> newly-adopted symbol for the labiodental flap</a>. It includes the characters in the <a href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Dpua_home%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>SIL Private Use Area</a>. It has built-in “smart-font” capabilities, so diacritics are properly placed. At present, it only contains the regular typeface; bold, italic, and bold-italic are not available. SIL plans to continue developing Doulos SIL in the future, for the regular typeface only.</p> <a name='Gentium'></a> <p><a href='http://software.sil.org/gentium/' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> Gentium Plus</a> — Gentium Plus is a Unicode-encoded font designed by SIL member Victor Gaultney. At the moment, it includes regular and italic typefaces, but not bold or bold-italic. Besides containing all the character and “smart-font” capabilities in Doulos SIL and Charis SIL, it also supports both ancient and modern Greek. SIL plans to continue developing Gentium in the future.</p> <a name='andika'></a> <p><a href='http://software.sil.org/andika/' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> Andika</a> — Andika is a sans serif, Unicode-compliant font designed especially for literacy use, taking into account the needs of beginning readers. Besides having a comprehensive inventory of glyphs needed for almost any Roman- or Cyrillic-based writing system, it also contains the entire inventory of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Currently Andika only includes a regular typeface. There are plans for future development of bold and italic.</p> <p></p> <a name='4db3caac'></a> <h3>Legacy Fonts</h3> <a name='IPA93'></a> <p><a href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Dencore-ipa%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>SIL IPA93 2.0 Home Page</a> — SIL IPA93 (sometimes referred to as the SIL IPA Encore fonts) encodes the version of the International Phonetic Alphabet adopted in 1993 (and revised slightly in 1996). The font set includes three type faces: Doulos (similar to Times New Roman), Sophia (similar to Univers), and Manuscript (monospace). These fonts include regular, bold, italic, and bold-italic typefaces, allowing for near-publication quality typesetting. SIL has <span class='Em'>not</span> produced a Unicode-encoded version of Sophia or Manuscript (but see “Doulos SIL” above). There are no plans for further development of the SIL IPA93 font set.</p> <a name='IPA'></a> <p><a href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Dencore-ipa%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>SIL IPA 1.2 Home Page</a> — SIL IPA encodes the version of the International Phonetic Alphabet adopted at the 1989 Kiel convention. The font set includes three type faces: Doulos (similar to Times New Roman), Sophia (similar to Univers), and Manuscript (monospace). These fonts do <span class='Em'>not</span> include bold, italic, or bold-italic typefaces. In addition, this version of the IPA has been superceded by a revision done in 1993. SIL no longer recommends the use of this font set. There are no plans for further development of the SIL IPA font set.</p> <a href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Dfontfaq_ipa93%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>Frequently Asked Questions</a> about the SIL IPA and SIL IPA93 (legacy) fonts<p></p> <div class='Warning'><p class='Warning_heading'>Important</p><p>The SIL Encore IPA and SIL IPA93 fonts are obsolete, symbol-encoded fonts. Their use is discouraged. If you decide to download and use these fonts, please note there is <span class='Em'>no user support for these fonts.</span></p> </div><p></p> <a name='865cf9ad'></a> <h2>Other IPA Resources </h2> <a name='cc27f3ba'></a> <h3>IPA Unicode codepoints</h3> <p>The <a href='http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/ipa/' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> official IPA site</a> does not currently give us the Unicode codepoints for the official IPA (although the newest verion of “The IPA Handbook” (<a href='http://us.cambridge.org/titles/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521637511' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> IPA Handbook</a>) does have the Unicode codepoints listed in the back). There are several places you can check for this information. Try</p> <ul class='dListUnordered'> <li><a href='http://scriptsource.org/entry/wlbaybzb9e' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> IPA Symbol Equivalents (on ScriptSource)</a></li> <li><a href='http://scriptsource.org/entry/j5k8l4plf5' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> Phonetic Symbol Guide (on ScriptSource)</a></li> <li><a href='http://web.uvic.ca/ling/resources/ipa/charts/unicode_intro.htm' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> http://web.uvic.ca/ling/resources/ipa/charts/unicode_intro.htm</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/ipa-unicode.htm' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/ipa-unicode.htm</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.linguiste.org/phonetics/ipa/chart/keyboard/' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> http://www.linguiste.org/phonetics/ipa/chart/keyboard/</a></li> </ul> <p>Another resource for answering this kind of question (and maybe avoiding having to figure it out yourself!) is the <a href='page.php%3Fid%3Dmappingfiles%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html#SILIPA93'>SIL IPA93 conversion map</a> or the <a href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Duniipakeyboard%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>IPA Unicode Keyboards</a>. </p> <a name='Ukey'></a> <a name='9b368e2b'></a> <h3>IPA Unicode Keyboards</h3> <p>The SIL IPA Keyman keyboard is now available from the Keyman site: <a href='https://keyman.com/keyboards/sil_ipa' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> https://keyman.com/keyboards/sil_ipa</a>. Prior to installing the SIL IPA keyboard, <a href='https://keyman.com/desktop/' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> Keyman Desktop</a> must be installed. Keyman Desktop now works on Window, macOS, and Linux. Thus, we no longer support our previous keyboards which worked with older versions of Keyman, MSKLC, KMFL, FreeKey, and Ukelele. If you still wish to access the older versions of our IPA keyboards they are still available here: <a href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Duniipakeyboard%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>IPA Unicode Keyboards</a>.</p> <p></p> <a name='2ea7edf8'></a> <h3>IPA Character Picker Utility</h3> <p><a href='https://r12a.github.io/pickers/ipa/' target='_blank'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/offsite_link.png'> Unicode character pickers</a> — Pickers allow you to quickly create phrases in a script by clicking on Unicode characters arranged in a way that aids their identification. The phrase appears at the bottom of the screen and you can easily cut and paste the result into your own document. Pickers are likely to be most useful if you don't know a script well enough to use the native keyboard. The arrangement of characters also makes it much more useable than a regular character map utility.</p> <a name='af02642b'></a> <h3>Conversion to Unicode</h3> <a name='IPA93Convert'></a> <a name='836e214f'></a> <h4>SIL IPA93</h4> <p><span class='ItemLeaderTitle'><a href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Dsilipa93dataconversion%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>SIL IPA93 Data Conversion</a></span> <span class='author_date_hits'>Lorna A. Priest, 2009-02-16</span> <br>Step-by-step instructions on how to convert Microsoft Word, text or Standard Format (sfm) documents that use SIL IPA93 fonts in order to use Unicode fonts.</p> <a name='IPAConvert'></a> <a name='c87eccde'></a> <h4>SIL IPA (1990)</h4> <p>A mapping file for converting SIL IPA (1990) data to Unicode is available <a href='page.php%3Fid%3Dmappingfiles%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html#SILIPA1990'>here</a>.</p> <a name='82b11719'></a> <h4>Amer Phon SILDoulos font</h4> <p>A mapping file for converting Amer Phon SILDoulos data to Unicode is available <a href='page.php%3Fid%3Dmappingfiles%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html#Amerphon'>here</a>.</p> <a name='adc83895'></a> <h4>IPA-SAM phonetic fonts</h4> <p>A mapping file for converting IPA-SAM phonetic data to Unicode is available <a href='page.php%3Fid%3Dmappingfiles%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html#sampa'>here</a>.</p> <a name='b7d4dd33'></a> <h3>Pitch Contours and Tone in Unicode</h3> <p>This document gives an overview of most of the ways you can mark tone in Unicode. It also outlines the encoding and implementation of the 9-level pitch contours which were added to our SIL Unicode Roman fonts (<a href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Ddoulossil%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>Doulos SIL</a> and <a href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Dcharissil%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>Charis SIL</a>) and in the SIL IPA keyboards.</p> <p><table border='0' cellpadding='8' cellspacing='0'><tr><td align='left' valign='top'><img src='/cms/assets/icons/type-pdf.gif' border='0' width='32' height='32' style='margin:1px 5px 0 0'></td><td align='left' valign='top'><small><b>Marking Tone in Unicode and the SIL Corporate PUA</b><br>Lorna A. Priest, 2007-02-01<br><a href='/cms/sites/nrsi/download/pitchcontours.v1.pdf/PitchContours.v1.pdf'>Download "PitchContours.v1.pdf"</a>, Acrobat PDF document, 515KB [43541 downloads] </small></td></tr></table></p> <p></p> <a name='f8ec0f3a'></a> <h2>Related Links</h2> <p><span class='ItemLeaderTitle'><a href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Dencodingfaq%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>How do I encode...?</a></span> <span class='author_date_hits'>Lorna A. Priest, 2009-03-31</span> <br>These are questions (and the answers!) people have asked about what the encoding is for various characters in the Unicode standard. This page is also a helpful teaching tool for understanding Unicode.</p> <p><span class='ItemLeaderTitle'><a href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Dfontfaq_incorrectbehavior%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>Incorrect Behavior of SIL legacy fonts in Word 97/2000/2002/2003 – FAQ</a></span> <br>Frequently Asked Questions about using SIL legacy fonts in Word 97/2000/2002/2003.</p> <p><span class='ItemLeaderTitle'><a href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Dfontfaq_ipa93%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>SIL IPA and SIL IPA93 (legacy) fonts – FAQ</a></span> <span class='author_date_hits'>2004-03-09</span> <br>Frequently Asked Questions about SIL IPA and SIL IPA93 fonts.</p> <p><span class='ItemLeaderTitle'><a href='/cms/scripts/page.php%3Fid%3Dfontfaq_web%26site_id%3Dnrsi.html'>Use of SIL IPA/IPA93/Greek/Hebrew Fonts In Web Browsers – FAQ</a></span> <br>Frequently Asked Questions about using SIL fonts in web browsers.</p> <a name='19c83ecb'></a> <h2>Page History</h2> <p>2007-05-30 LP: added link to PitchContours document</p> <p>2007-03-02 LP: added link to IPA-SAM map</p> <p>2006-10-13 SH: added warning under legacy fonts</p> <p>2006-03-10 LP: added link to IPA93 FAQ</p> <p>2006-02-20 LP: fixed references to beta fonts</p> <p>2005-11-23 LP: added link to labiodental flap</p> <hr> <p><small>© 2003-2024 <a href='http://www.sil.org/' target='_blank'>SIL International</a>, all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted elsewhere on this page.<br> Provided by SIL's Writing Systems Technology team (formerly known as NRSI). Read our <a href="/privacy-policy.html">Privacy Policy</a>. <a href='/support.html'>Contact us here.</a></small></p> </div> </td> </table> </body> </html>