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<span>Bolts vs. screws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolts_vs._screws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolt_heads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolt_heads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bolt heads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolt_heads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolt_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolt_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bolt types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolt_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolt_materials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolt_materials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bolt materials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolt_materials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolted_joints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolted_joints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bolted joints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolted_joints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مصمال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مصمال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Болт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Болт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Болт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Болт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pern_(cargol)" title="Pern (cargol) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pern (cargol)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0roub" title="Šroub – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šroub" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollt" title="Bollt – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bollt" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolt" title="Bolt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bolt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polt" title="Polt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Polt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perno" title="Perno – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Perno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolto" title="Bolto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bolto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buloi" title="Buloi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Buloi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%86_%D8%B4%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B4" title="پیچ شش‌گوش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیچ شش‌گوش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulon" title="Boulon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Boulon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bul%C3%B3n" title="Bulón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bulón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%82%98%EC%82%AC" title="수나사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수나사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%BD" title="Հեղույս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հեղույս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baut" title="Baut – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Baut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullone" title="Bullone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bullone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬೋಲ್ಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೋಲ್ಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ხრახნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხრახნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Болт – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Болт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Болт – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Болт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="ဘိုး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bout_(verbinding)" title="Bout (verbinding) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bout (verbinding)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88_(%E9%83%A8%E5%93%81)" title="ボルト (部品) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボルト (部品)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolt" title="Bolt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bolt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolt" title="Bolt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bolt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolon" title="Bolon – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bolon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolt" title="Bolt – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bolt" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Aruba_(z%C5%82%C4%85cze)" title="Śruba (złącze) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Śruba (złącze)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulon" title="Bulon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bulon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Болт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Болт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulloni" title="Bulloni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bulloni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolt" title="Bolt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bolt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskinskruv" title="Maskinskruv – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Maskinskruv" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF" title="மரையாணி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மரையாணி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Винт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Винт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Болт – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Болт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%B1vata" title="Cıvata – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cıvata" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Болт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Болт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="بولتا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بولتا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu_l%C3%B4ng" title="Bu lông – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bu lông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E6%A0%93" title="螺栓 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="螺栓" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125183448#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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searchaux" style="display:none">Threaded fastener with an external male thread requiring a matching female thread</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bolt_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bolt (disambiguation)">Bolt (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolt-with-nut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Bolt-with-nut.jpg/310px-Bolt-with-nut.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Bolt-with-nut.jpg/465px-Bolt-with-nut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Bolt-with-nut.jpg/620px-Bolt-with-nut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Bolt with a <a href="/wiki/Nut_(hardware)" title="Nut (hardware)">nut</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>bolt</b> is an externally <a href="/wiki/Helical_thread" class="mw-redirect" title="Helical thread">helical threaded</a> <a href="/wiki/Fastener" title="Fastener">fastener</a> capable of being tightened or released by a <a href="/wiki/Twisting_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Twisting force">twisting force</a> (<a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">torque</a>) to a matching <a href="/wiki/Nut_(hardware)" title="Nut (hardware)">nut</a>. The bolt has an external male thread requiring a matching nut with a pre-formed female thread.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolt_(fastener)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nuts and bolts were originally hand-crafted together, so that each nut matched its own bolt, but they were not interchangeable. This made it virtually impossible to replace lost or damaged fixers, as they were all different. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Whitworth" title="Joseph Whitworth">Joseph Whitworth</a> in 1841 proposed that a standard should be set, but it did not happen immediately. </p><p>In 1851 the <a href="/wiki/Great_Exhibition_of_the_Works_of_Industry_of_All_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations">Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations</a> was to be held in Hyde Park, London, England, and it was decided to build <a href="/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace" title="The Crystal Palace">the Crystal Palace</a> as part; this had to be done in 190 days, and at reasonable cost. Research into the remains of the destroyed building in 2024 revealed a major innovation that made this possible. The construction firm responsible, Fox Henderson, decided to use nuts and bolts, but to use standardised sizes, a revolutionary method at the time. This enabled the building to be completed in time. The use of interchangeable nuts and bolts was so successful that the Whitworth standard was widely adopted. A <a href="/wiki/British_standard" class="mw-redirect" title="British standard">British standard</a> was not formally adopted until 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bolts_vs._screws">Bolts vs. screws</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolt_(fastener)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bolts vs. screws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Screw#Differentiation_between_bolt_and_screw" title="Screw">Screw § Differentiation between bolt and screw</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolted_joint.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bolted_joint.svg/110px-Bolted_joint.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bolted_joint.svg/165px-Bolted_joint.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bolted_joint.svg/220px-Bolted_joint.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bolted_joint" title="Bolted joint">Bolted joint</a> in vertical section</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolted_joint_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Bolted_joint_2.svg/110px-Bolted_joint_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Bolted_joint_2.svg/165px-Bolted_joint_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Bolted_joint_2.svg/220px-Bolted_joint_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="806" /></a><figcaption>Screw joint</figcaption></figure> <p>The distinction between a bolt and a screw is poorly defined. The academic distinction, per <i><a href="/wiki/Machinery%27s_Handbook" title="Machinery's Handbook">Machinery's Handbook</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-MH,_21,_1132_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MH,_21,_1132-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is in their intended purpose: bolts are designed to pass through an unthreaded hole in a component and be fastened with the aid of a <a href="/wiki/Nut_(hardware)" title="Nut (hardware)">nut</a>. Screws in contrast are used in components which contain their own thread, or to cut its own internal thread into them. This definition allows ambiguity in the description of a fastener depending on the application it is actually used for, and the terms screw and bolt are widely used by different people or in different countries to apply to the same or varying fastener. In British terminology, a <i>cap screw</i> is a bolt that has threads all the way to the head. </p><p>Bolts are often used to make a <a href="/wiki/Bolted_joint" title="Bolted joint">bolted joint</a>. This is a combination of the nut applying an axial clamping force and also the shank of the bolt acting as a <a href="/wiki/Dowel" title="Dowel">dowel</a>, pinning the joint against sideways <a href="/wiki/Shear_force" title="Shear force">shear forces</a>. For this reason, many bolts have a plain unthreaded shank (called the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="grip_length"></span><span class="vanchor-text">grip length</span></span>), as this makes for a better, stronger dowel. The presence of the unthreaded shank has often been given as characteristic of bolts vs. screws,<sup id="cite_ref-dyke_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dyke-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (December 2023)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but this is incidental to its use, rather than defining.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Where a fastener forms its own thread in the component being fastened, it is called a screw.<sup id="cite_ref-MH,_21,_1132_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MH,_21,_1132-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is most obviously so when the thread is tapered (i.e. traditional <a href="/wiki/Wood_screw" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood screw">wood screws</a>), precluding the use of a nut,<sup id="cite_ref-MH,_21,_1132_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MH,_21,_1132-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or when a <a href="/wiki/Sheet_metal_screw" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheet metal screw">sheet metal screw</a> or other thread-forming screw is used. A screw must always be turned to assemble the joint. Many bolts are held fixed in place during assembly, either by a tool or by a design of non-rotating bolt, such as a <a href="/wiki/Carriage_bolt" title="Carriage bolt">carriage bolt</a>, and only the corresponding nut is turned.<sup id="cite_ref-MH,_21,_1132_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MH,_21,_1132-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bolt_heads">Bolt heads</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolt_(fastener)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bolt heads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_screw_drives" title="List of screw drives">List of screw drives</a></div> <p>Bolts use a wide variety of head designs, as do screws. These are designed to engage with the tool used to tighten them. Some bolt heads instead lock the bolt in place, so that it does not move and a tool is only needed for the nut end. </p><p>Common bolt heads include hex, slotted hex washer, and socket cap. </p><p>The first bolts had square heads, formed by <a href="/wiki/Forging" title="Forging">forging</a>. These are still found, although much more common today is the hexagonal head. These are held and turned by a <a href="/wiki/Spanner" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanner">spanner</a> or <a href="/wiki/Socket_wrench" title="Socket wrench">socket</a>, of which there are many forms. Most are held from the side, some from in-line with the bolt. Other bolts have T-heads and slotted heads. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many bolts use a screwdriver head fitting, rather than an external wrench. Screwdrivers are applied in-line with the fastener, rather than from the side. These are smaller than most wrench heads and cannot usually apply the same amount of <a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">torque</a>. It is sometimes assumed that screwdriver heads imply a screw and wrenches imply a bolt, although this is incorrect. <a href="/wiki/Coach_screw" class="mw-redirect" title="Coach screw">Coach screws, or lag screws</a>, for example, are large square-headed screws with a tapered <a href="/wiki/Wood_screw" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood screw">wood screw</a> thread, used for attaching ironwork to timber. Head designs that overlap both bolts and include the <a href="/wiki/Hex_key" title="Hex key">Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torx" title="Torx">Torx</a>, hexagonal and splined heads. These modern designs span a large range of sizes and can carry a considerable torque. Threaded fasteners with screwdriver-style heads are often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Machine_screw" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine screw">machine screws</a> whether they are being used with a nut or not.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bolt_types">Bolt types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolt_(fastener)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bolt types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_screw_and_bolt_types" title="List of screw and bolt types">List of screw and bolt types</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolt_and_nut,_annotated.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Bolt_and_nut%2C_annotated.jpg/220px-Bolt_and_nut%2C_annotated.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Bolt_and_nut%2C_annotated.jpg/330px-Bolt_and_nut%2C_annotated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Bolt_and_nut%2C_annotated.jpg/440px-Bolt_and_nut%2C_annotated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1784" data-file-height="970" /></a><figcaption>Terminology of a bolt</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_bolt" title="Anchor bolt">Anchor bolt</a> - Bolt designed to allow objects to be attached to concrete. The bolt head is usually placed in concrete before it has cured or placed before the concrete is poured, leaving the threaded end exposed.</li> <li>Arbor bolt - Bolt with a <a href="/wiki/Washer_(hardware)" title="Washer (hardware)">washer</a> permanently attached and reversed threading. Designed for use in <a href="/wiki/Miter_saw" title="Miter saw">miter saw</a> and other tools to auto tighten during use to prevent blade fall out.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carriage_bolt" title="Carriage bolt">Carriage bolt</a> - Bolt with a smooth rounded head and a square section to prevent turning followed with a threaded section for a nut.</li> <li>Elevator bolt - Bolt with a large flat head used in conveyor system setups.</li> <li>Hanger bolt - Bolt that has no head, machine threaded body followed by a wood threaded screw tip. Allow nuts to be attached to what is really a screw.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hex_bolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hex bolt">Hex bolt</a> - Bolt with a hexagonal head and threaded shank. Section immediately under head may be unthreaded for fastening thicker materials.</li> <li>J bolt - Bolt shaped like the letter J, used for tie downs. Only the straight section is threaded for a nut.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_bolt" title="Rock bolt">Rock bolt</a> - Used in tunnel construction to stabilize walls.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_bolt" title="Sex bolt">Sex bolt</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chicago_bolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago bolt">Chicago bolt</a> - Bolt that has a male and female part with interior threads and bolt heads on either end. Commonly used in paper binding.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_bolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoulder bolt">Shoulder bolt</a> or stripper bolt - Bolt with a broad smooth shank and small threaded section at the end used as a <a href="/wiki/Pintle" title="Pintle">pivot pin</a> or attachment point.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-bolt" title="U-bolt">U-bolt</a> - Bolt shaped like the letter U where the two straight sections are threaded. A straight metal plate with two bolt holes is used with nuts to hold pipes or other round objects to the U-bolt.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bolt_materials">Bolt materials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolt_(fastener)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bolt materials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Screw#Mechanical_classifications" title="Screw">Screw § Mechanical classifications</a></div> <p>Depending on required strength and circumstances, there are several material types can be used for fasteners.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">Steel</a> fasteners (grade 2,5,8) - the level of strength</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">Stainless steel</a> fasteners (martensitic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a> fasteners - water proof usage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">Nylon</a> fasteners - used for the light material and water proof usage.</li></ul> <p>In general, steel is the most commonly used material of all fasteners: 90% or more.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bolted_joints">Bolted joints</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolt_(fastener)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bolted joints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bolted_joint" title="Bolted joint">Bolted joint</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bolt_(fastener)" title="Special:EditPage/Bolt (fastener)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rustybolt_th.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rustybolt_th.jpg/220px-Rustybolt_th.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Rustybolt_th.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="167" /></a><figcaption>Rusty hexagonal bolt heads</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Steel_Construction" title="American Institute of Steel Construction">American Institute of Steel Construction</a> (<a href="/wiki/AISC" class="mw-redirect" title="AISC">AISC</a>) 13th Edition Steel Design Manual section 16.1 chapter J-3 specifies the requirements for bolted structural connections.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Structural bolts replaced rivets due to the decreasing cost and increasing strength of structural bolts in the 20th century. Connections are formed with two types of joints: slip-critical connections and bearing connections. In slip-critical connections, movement of the connected parts is a serviceability condition and bolts are tightened to a minimum required pre-tension. Slip is prevented through friction of the "faying" surface, that is the plane of shear for the bolt and where two members make contact. Because friction is proportional to the <a href="/wiki/Normal_force" title="Normal force">normal force</a>, connections must be sized with bolts numerous and large enough to provide the required <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_load" title="Mechanical load">load capacity</a>. However, this greatly decreases the <a href="/wiki/Shear_strength" title="Shear strength">shear capacity</a> of each bolt in the connection. The second (and more common type) of connection is a bearing connection. In this type of connection, the bolts carry the load through shear and are only tightened to a "snug-fit". These connections require fewer bolts than slip-critical connections and therefore are a less expensive alternative. Slip-critical connections are more common on flange plates for beam and column splices and moment critical connections. Bearing type connections are used in lightweight structures and in member connections where slip is not important and prevention of <a href="/wiki/Structural_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural failure">structural failure</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Design_constraint" class="mw-redirect" title="Design constraint">design constraint</a>. Common bearing type connections include: shear tabs, <a href="/wiki/Beam_(structure)" title="Beam (structure)">beam supports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gusset_plate" title="Gusset plate">gusset plates</a> in <a href="/wiki/Truss" title="Truss">trusses</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolt_(fastener)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASTM_A325#Mechanical_properties,_metric" title="ASTM A325">ASTM A325</a>, standard for bolts <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> inches (12.7 to 38.1 mm) in diameter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_898" title="ISO 898">ISO 898</a>, standard for metric bolts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_joint" title="Mechanical joint">Mechanical joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_thread" title="Screw thread">Screw thread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_wrench" title="Socket wrench">Socket wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thread_angle" title="Thread angle">Thread angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thread-locking_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Thread-locking compound">Thread-locking compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thread_pitch_gauge" title="Thread pitch gauge">Thread pitch gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torque_wrench" title="Torque wrench">Torque wrench</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolt_(fastener)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bolts" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bolts">Bolts</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bolt">"Bolt | Definition of Bolt by Merriam-Webster"</a>. <i>Merriam-webster.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Bolt+%26%23124%3B+Definition+of+Bolt+by+Merriam-Webster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fbolt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABolt+%28fastener%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerguson2024" class="citation news cs1">Ferguson, Donna (16 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/sep/16/solved-the-mystery-of-how-victorians-built-crystal-palace-in-just-190-days">"Solved: the mystery of how Victorians built Crystal Palace in just 190 days"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Solved%3A+the+mystery+of+how+Victorians+built+Crystal+Palace+in+just+190+days&rft.date=2024-09-16&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Donna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2024%2Fsep%2F16%2Fsolved-the-mystery-of-how-victorians-built-crystal-palace-in-just-190-days&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABolt+%28fastener%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MH,_21,_1132-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MH,_21,_1132_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MH,_21,_1132_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MH,_21,_1132_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MH,_21,_1132_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMachinery's_Handbook21st" class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/Machinery%27s_Handbook" title="Machinery's Handbook">Machinery's Handbook</a></i> (21 ed.). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aallamericanfasteners.com/fasteners/bolts">the original</a> on 18 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AALL+American+Fasteners&rft.atitle=What+is+a+bolt%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aallamericanfasteners.com%2Ffasteners%2Fbolts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABolt+%28fastener%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.choongngaiengineering.com/common-machine-screws-that-are-used-in-everyday-lives">"Common Machine Screws That Are Used In Everyday Lives"</a>. <i>www.choongngaiengineering.com</i>. 18 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.choongngaiengineering.com&rft.atitle=Common+Machine+Screws+That+Are+Used+In+Everyday+Lives&rft.date=2023-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.choongngaiengineering.com%2Fcommon-machine-screws-that-are-used-in-everyday-lives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABolt+%28fastener%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thomasnet.com/articles/hardware/fastener-materials">"Fastener Material Selection"</a>. <i>ThomasNet.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThomasNet.com&rft.atitle=Fastener+Material+Selection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thomasnet.com%2Farticles%2Fhardware%2Ffastener-materials&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABolt+%28fastener%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.precisionbolts.net/fastener-materials/#:~:text=Over%2090%25%20of%20fasteners%20are,medium%20carbon%20and%20alloy%20steel.&text=Generally%20contains%20less%20than%200.25%25%20carbon.">"Fasteners Materials: A usefull reference guide - Boulons Plus"</a>. <i>Precision Bolts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Precision+Bolts&rft.atitle=Fasteners+Materials%3A+A+usefull+reference+guide+-+Boulons+Plus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.precisionbolts.net%2Ffastener-materials%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DOver%252090%2525%2520of%2520fasteners%2520are%2Cmedium%2520carbon%2520and%2520alloy%2520steel.%26text%3DGenerally%2520contains%2520less%2520than%25200.25%2525%2520carbon.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABolt+%28fastener%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Institute_of_Steel_ConstructionAmerican_Institute_of_Steel_Construction2005" class="citation book cs1">American Institute of Steel Construction; American Institute of Steel Construction, eds. (2005). <i>Steel construction manual</i> (13 ed.). 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