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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography and climate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography and climate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>National elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>National Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Twin and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Historic population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Main sights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Heritage_sites_of_national_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heritage_sites_of_national_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Heritage sites of national significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heritage_sites_of_national_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theatres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Theatres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinemas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinemas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Cinemas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinemas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Film festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Music events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Fairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_traffic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_traffic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Road traffic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_traffic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bicycle_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bicycle_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Bicycle transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bicycle_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_servants,_the_military_and_the_church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_servants,_the_military_and_the_church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Public servants, the military and the church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_servants,_the_military_and_the_church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politicians_and_the_landed_gentry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politicians_and_the_landed_gentry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Politicians and the landed gentry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politicians_and_the_landed_gentry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_academia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_academia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Science and academia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_academia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_and_acting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_and_acting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Writing and acting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_and_acting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artists,_painters_and_musicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artists,_painters_and_musicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5</span> <span>Artists, painters and musicians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artists,_painters_and_musicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.6</span> <span>Business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.7</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes and references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bern</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 174 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-174" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">174 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A4%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%95" title="ቤርን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቤርን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86" title="برن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%AA%DC%A2" title="ܒܪܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܪܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8rna" title="Bèrna – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bèrna" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86_(%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1)" title="برن (شهر) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="برن (شهر)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8" title="বের্ন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বের্ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Бэрн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэрн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="པེར་ནེ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པེར་ནེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern_(munisipyo)" title="Bern (munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bern (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86" title="بيرن – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بيرن" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bann,_Schweiz" title="Bann, Schweiz – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Bann, Schweiz" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashkaadii_Bighan" title="Nashkaadii Bighan – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Nashkaadii Bighan" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8" title="बर्न – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="बर्न" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Βέρνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βέρνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Берн ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Берн ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berno" title="Berno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Berno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86_(%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3)" title="برن (سوئیس) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برن (سوئیس)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berne" title="Berne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Berne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern_(st%C3%AAd)" title="Bern (stêd) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bern (stêd)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berne" title="Berne – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Berne" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirn" title="Beirn – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Beirn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berne" title="Berne – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Berne" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berne" title="Berne – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Berne" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B8" title="베른 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베른" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B6" title="Բեռն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բեռն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8" title="बर्न – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बर्न" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="ברן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბერნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბერნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berno" title="Berno – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Berno" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8n" title="Bèn – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bèn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berne" title="Berne – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Berne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernas" title="Bernas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bernas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BA" title="ബേൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബേൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8" title="बर्न – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बर्न" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბერნი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბერნი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86" title="بيرن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيرن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86" title="برن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="برن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Бэрн – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Бэрн" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern_(stad)" title="Bern (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bern (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8" title="बेर्न – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बेर्न" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3" title="ベルン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベルン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8rna" title="Bèrna – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bèrna" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬਰਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਰਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86" title="برن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86" title="برن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="برن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berne" title="Berne – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Berne" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berno" title="Berno – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Berno" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow-al-ni" title="Pow-al-ni – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Pow-al-ni" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern_(ceety)" title="Bern (ceety) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bern (ceety)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86" title="برن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="برن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern_(mesto)" title="Bern (mesto) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bern (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%94%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Бєрнъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Бєрнъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%86" title="بێرن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بێرن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பேர்ன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பேர்ன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99" title="แบร์น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แบร์น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Берн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86" title="برن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%86" title="بېرن – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بېرن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berna" title="Berna – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Berna" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC" title="伯尔尼 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伯尔尼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="בערן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בערן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berne" title="Berne – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Berne" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9" title="伯恩 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伯恩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC" title="伯尔尼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伯尔尼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8ren" title="Bèren – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bèren" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Bern" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q70#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bern&params=46_56_53_N_7_26_51_E_type:city(134,000)_region:CH-BE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°56′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°26′51″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.94806°N 7.44750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.94806; 7.44750</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Federal city of Switzerland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Berne" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bern_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bern (disambiguation)">Bern (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berne_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Berne (disambiguation)">Berne (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality in Switzerland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Bern</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">Municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:185px;max-width:185px"><div style="height:120px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundeshaus_Bern_2009,_Flooffy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bundeshaus_Bern_2009%2C_Flooffy.jpg/183px-Bundeshaus_Bern_2009%2C_Flooffy.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bundeshaus_Bern_2009%2C_Flooffy.jpg/275px-Bundeshaus_Bern_2009%2C_Flooffy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bundeshaus_Bern_2009%2C_Flooffy.jpg/366px-Bundeshaus_Bern_2009%2C_Flooffy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="843" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Palace_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Palace of Switzerland">Federal Palace of Switzerland</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:83px;max-width:83px"><div style="height:120px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kramgasse_mit_Z%C3%A4hringerbrunnen_und_Zytgloggeturm_in_Bern_(2014).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kramgasse_mit_Z%C3%A4hringerbrunnen_und_Zytgloggeturm_in_Bern_%282014%29.jpg/81px-Kramgasse_mit_Z%C3%A4hringerbrunnen_und_Zytgloggeturm_in_Bern_%282014%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kramgasse_mit_Z%C3%A4hringerbrunnen_und_Zytgloggeturm_in_Bern_%282014%29.jpg/122px-Kramgasse_mit_Z%C3%A4hringerbrunnen_und_Zytgloggeturm_in_Bern_%282014%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kramgasse_mit_Z%C3%A4hringerbrunnen_und_Zytgloggeturm_in_Bern_%282014%29.jpg/162px-Kramgasse_mit_Z%C3%A4hringerbrunnen_und_Zytgloggeturm_in_Bern_%282014%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4500" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Zytglogge" title="Zytglogge">Zytglogge</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div style="height:74px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_der_Universit%C3%A4t_Bern_an_der_Hochschulstrasse_Pano_HQ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_der_Universit%C3%A4t_Bern_an_der_Hochschulstrasse_Pano_HQ.jpg/250px-Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_der_Universit%C3%A4t_Bern_an_der_Hochschulstrasse_Pano_HQ.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_der_Universit%C3%A4t_Bern_an_der_Hochschulstrasse_Pano_HQ.jpg/330px-Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_der_Universit%C3%A4t_Bern_an_der_Hochschulstrasse_Pano_HQ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5100" data-file-height="2924" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bern" title="University of Bern">University of Bern</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div style="height:74px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bern_Zentrum_Paul_Klee_DSC06133.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Bern_Zentrum_Paul_Klee_DSC06133.jpg/133px-Bern_Zentrum_Paul_Klee_DSC06133.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Bern_Zentrum_Paul_Klee_DSC06133.jpg/200px-Bern_Zentrum_Paul_Klee_DSC06133.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Bern_Zentrum_Paul_Klee_DSC06133.jpg/266px-Bern_Zentrum_Paul_Klee_DSC06133.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Zentrum_Paul_Klee" title="Zentrum Paul Klee">Zentrum Paul Klee</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bern_Panorama_von_Rosengarten_20211007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bern_Panorama_von_Rosengarten_20211007.jpg/268px-Bern_Panorama_von_Rosengarten_20211007.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bern_Panorama_von_Rosengarten_20211007.jpg/402px-Bern_Panorama_von_Rosengarten_20211007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bern_Panorama_von_Rosengarten_20211007.jpg/536px-Bern_Panorama_von_Rosengarten_20211007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="22160" data-file-height="8620" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Bern)" title="Old City (Bern)">Old City</a> panorama</div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Aerial view of the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Bern)" title="Old City (Bern)">Old City</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aare" title="Aare">Aare</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canton_of_Bern.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Bern"><img alt="Flag of Bern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Canton_of_Bern.svg/60px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Bern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Canton_of_Bern.svg/90px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Bern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Canton_of_Bern.svg/120px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Bern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="470" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bern" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Bern">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Bern_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Bern"><img alt="Coat of arms of Bern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/CHE_Bern_COA.svg/60px-CHE_Bern_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/CHE_Bern_COA.svg/90px-CHE_Bern_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/CHE_Bern_COA.svg/120px-CHE_Bern_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="493" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bern" title="Coat of arms of Bern">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Bern</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_f23ef9acaf6d931a68e06cdfccf9e0bf39cbcb0d"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bern&revid=1280436931&groups=_f23ef9acaf6d931a68e06cdfccf9e0bf39cbcb0d" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bern&revid=1280436931&groups=_f23ef9acaf6d931a68e06cdfccf9e0bf39cbcb0d 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bern is located in Switzerland"><img alt="Bern is located in Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="864" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.276%;left:33.622%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bern"><img alt="Bern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Bern</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Switzerland</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliefkarte_Bern_blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Bern is located in Canton of Bern"><img alt="Bern is located in Canton of Bern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Reliefkarte_Bern_blank.png/250px-Reliefkarte_Bern_blank.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Reliefkarte_Bern_blank.png/500px-Reliefkarte_Bern_blank.png 1.5x" data-file-width="3905" data-file-height="3531" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.509%;left:37.414%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bern"><img alt="Bern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Bern</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Canton of Bern</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bern&params=46_56_53_N_7_26_51_E_type:city(134,000)_region:CH-BE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°56′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°26′51″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.94806°N 7.44750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.94806; 7.44750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Switzerland</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland#Canton_of_Bern" title="Districts of Switzerland">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bern-Mittelland_(administrative_district)" title="Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)">Bern-Mittelland administrative district</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="#Government">Gemeinderat</a></i> <br />with 5 members</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor (Switzerland)">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Stadtpräsidentin</i><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Bern" title="List of mayors of Bern"> (list)</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marieke_Kruit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marieke Kruit (page does not exist)">Marieke Kruit</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marieke_Kruit" class="extiw" title="de:Marieke Kruit">de</a>]</span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">SPS/PSS</a><br /><span class="nowrap">(as of January 2025)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="#Parliament">Stadtrat</a></i> <br />with 80 members</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">51.62 km<sup>2</sup> (19.93 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (Bahnhofplatz)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">540 m (1,770 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (Könizberg)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">674 m (2,211 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Aare" title="Aare">Aare</a> near to Eymatt)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">481 m (1,578 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(31 December 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-7f97606afd925732b792729f5ac227eefd5faad1-v18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-7f97606afd925732b792729f5ac227eefd5faad1-v18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">133,883</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,600/km<sup>2</sup> (6,700/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><br />English: <span lang="en">Bernese</span><br /><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Berner(in)</i><br /><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Bernois(e)</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Bernese</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Switzerland" title="Time in Switzerland">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">Central European Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">Central European Summer Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein" title="Postal codes in Switzerland and Liechtenstein">Postal code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">3000–3030</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Community_Identification_Number#Switzerland" title="Community Identification Number">SFOS number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">351</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CH-BE</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Localities</th><td class="infobox-data">Altenberg, Aaregg, Bümpliz, Bethlehem, Beundenfeld, Bottigen, Breitenrain, Breitfeld, Brunnadern, Dählhölzli, Engeried, Gäbelbach, Grosser Bremgartenwald, Gryphenhübeli, Felsenau, Holligen, Innere Stadt, Kirchenfeld, Könizbergwald, Länggasse, Lorraine, Muesmatt, Murifeld, Neufeld, Sandrain, Schosshalde, Spitalacker, Stöckacker, Tiefenau, Wankdorf, Weissenbühl, Weissenstein</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surrounded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bremgarten_bei_Bern" title="Bremgarten bei Bern">Bremgarten bei Bern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frauenkappelen" title="Frauenkappelen">Frauenkappelen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ittigen" title="Ittigen">Ittigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirchlindach" title="Kirchlindach">Kirchlindach</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6niz" title="Köniz">Köniz</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChleberg" title="Mühleberg">Mühleberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muri_bei_Bern" title="Muri bei Bern">Muri bei Bern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuenegg" title="Neuenegg">Neuenegg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ostermundigen" title="Ostermundigen">Ostermundigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wohlen_bei_Bern" title="Wohlen bei Bern">Wohlen bei Bern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zollikofen" title="Zollikofen">Zollikofen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bern.ch">www<wbr />.bern<wbr />.ch</a></span> <br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/maps/profile/profile.html?226.0351.en.geoRefStandard">SFSO statistics</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bern</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Swiss Standard German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-CH-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[bɛrn]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1d\/De-Bern.ogg\/De-Bern.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Bern.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/De-Bern.ogg/De-Bern.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Bern.ogg" title="File:De-Bern.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>), or <b>Berne</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[bɛʁn]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f2\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-Berne.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-Berne.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-Berne.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-Berne.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-Berne.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-Berne.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-Berne.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-DeFacto_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeFacto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Federal_city" title="Federal city">federal city</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-deFacto_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deFacto-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a population of about 146,000 (as of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>), Bern is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Switzerland" title="List of cities in Switzerland">fifth-most populous city in Switzerland</a>, behind <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-StatBern_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatBern-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Agglomeration_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agglomeration-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> had a population of 660,000 in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bern is also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">canton of Bern</a>, the second-most populous of <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland's cantons</a>. The official language is <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the main spoken language is the local variant of the <a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German" title="Alemannic German">Alemannic</a> <a href="/wiki/Swiss_German" title="Swiss German">Swiss German</a> dialect, <a href="/wiki/Bernese_German" title="Bernese German">Bernese German</a>. In 1983, the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Bern)" title="Old City (Bern)">historic old town</a> (in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Altstadt</i>) in the centre of Bern became a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is notably surrounded by the <a href="/wiki/Aare" title="Aare">Aare</a>, a major river of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a>. </p><p>Although fortified settlements were established since antiquity, the medieval city proper was founded by the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A4hringer" class="mw-redirect" title="Zähringer">Zähringer</a> ruling family, probably in 1191 by <a href="/wiki/Berthold_V,_Duke_of_Z%C3%A4hringen" title="Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen">Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen</a>. Bern was made a <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">free imperial city</a> in 1218 and, in 1353, it joined the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a>, becoming one of its eight early cantons. Since then, Bern became a large <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a> and a prominent actor of Swiss history by pursuing a policy of sovereign territorial expansion. Since the 15th century, the city was progressively rebuilt and acquired its current characteristics. Bern was made the <a href="/wiki/Federal_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal City">Federal City</a> in 1848. From about 5,000 inhabitants in the 15th century, the city passed the 100,000 mark in the 1920s. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also <a href="/wiki/Names_of_European_cities_in_different_languages:_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Names of European cities in different languages: B">Other names of Bern</a></div> <p>The etymology of the name "Bern" is uncertain. According to the local legend, based on <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berthold_V,_Duke_of_Z%C3%A4hringen" title="Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen">Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen</a>, the founder of the city of Bern, vowed to name the city after the first animal he met on the hunt, and this turned out to be a bear. It has long been considered likely that the city was named after the Italian city of <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>, which at the time was known as <i>Bern</i> in <a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German" title="Middle High German">Middle High German</a>. The city was sometimes referred to as <i>Bern im <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cechtland" title="Üechtland">Üechtland</a></i> to distinguish it from Verona.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the finding of the <a href="/wiki/Bern_zinc_tablet" title="Bern zinc tablet">Bern zinc tablet</a> in the 1980s, it is now more common to assume that the city was named after a pre-existing toponym of Celtic origin, possibly <i>*berna</i> "cleft".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bear was the heraldic animal of the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bern" title="Coat of arms of Bern">seal and coat of arms of Bern</a> from at least the 1220s. The earliest reference to the keeping of live bears in the <i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4rengraben" title="Bärengraben">Bärengraben</a></i> dates to the 1440s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bern" title="History of Bern">History of Bern</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bern" title="Timeline of Bern">Timeline of Bern</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Untertorbr%C3%BCcke_Tschachtlanchronik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Untertorbr%C3%BCcke_Tschachtlanchronik.jpg/250px-Untertorbr%C3%BCcke_Tschachtlanchronik.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Untertorbr%C3%BCcke_Tschachtlanchronik.jpg/330px-Untertorbr%C3%BCcke_Tschachtlanchronik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Untertorbr%C3%BCcke_Tschachtlanchronik.jpg/500px-Untertorbr%C3%BCcke_Tschachtlanchronik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1852" /></a><figcaption>Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Untertorbr%C3%BCcke" title="Untertorbrücke">Untertorbrücke</a> (Lower Gate Bridge) in Bern, <a href="/wiki/Tschachtlanchronik" title="Tschachtlanchronik">Tschachtlanchronik</a>, late 15th century</figcaption></figure> <p>No <a href="/wiki/Archaeological" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological">archaeological</a> evidence that indicates a settlement on the site of today's city centre prior to the 12th century has been found so far. In antiquity, a <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">oppidum</a></i> stood on the <i>Engehalbinsel</i> (peninsula) north of Bern, fortified since the second century BC (late <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_period" class="mw-redirect" title="La Tène period">La Tène period</a>), thought to be one of the 12 <i>oppida</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a> mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Commentarii_de_Bello_Gallico" title="Commentarii de Bello Gallico">Caesar</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Germania_Superior" title="Germania Superior">Roman era</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman">Gallo-Roman</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Vicus" title="Vicus">vicus</a></i> was on the same site. The Bern zinc tablet has the name <i>Brenodor</i> ("dwelling of Breno"). In the Early Middle Ages, a settlement in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCmpliz" class="mw-redirect" title="Bümpliz">Bümpliz</a>, now a city district of Bern, was some 4 km (2 mi) from the medieval city. </p><p>The medieval city is a foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A4hringer" class="mw-redirect" title="Zähringer">Zähringer</a> ruling family, which rose to power in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Burgundy" title="Upper Burgundy">Upper Burgundy</a> in the 12th century. According to 14th-century historiography (<i>Cronica de Berno</i>, 1309), Bern was founded in 1191 by <a href="/wiki/Berthold_V,_Duke_of_Z%C3%A4hringen" title="Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen">Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen</a>. </p><p>In 1218, after Berthold died without an heir, Bern was made a <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">free imperial city</a> by the <i><a href="/wiki/Goldene_Handfeste" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldene Handfeste">Goldene Handfeste</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Swiss_Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Old Swiss Confederacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1353, Bern joined the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a>, becoming the eighth canton of the formative period of 1353 to 1481. </p><p>Bern invaded and conquered <a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau</a> in 1415 and <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a> in 1536, as well as other smaller territories, thereby becoming the largest <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a> north of the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>. By the 18th century, it comprised most of what is today the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">canton of Bern</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Vaud" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Vaud">canton of Vaud</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MerianBern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/MerianBern.jpg/220px-MerianBern.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/MerianBern.jpg/330px-MerianBern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/MerianBern.jpg/440px-MerianBern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3425" data-file-height="2293" /></a><figcaption>Bern in 1638</figcaption></figure> <p>The city grew out towards the west of the boundaries of the peninsula formed by the river <a href="/wiki/Aare" title="Aare">Aare</a>. The <i><a href="/wiki/Zytglogge" title="Zytglogge">Zytglogge</a></i> tower marked the western boundary of the city from 1191 until 1256, when the <i>Käfigturm</i> took over this role until 1345. It was succeeded by the <i><a href="/wiki/Christoffelturm" title="Christoffelturm">Christoffelturm</a></i> (formerly located closer to the site of the modern-day railway station) until 1622. During the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, two new fortifications – the so-called big and small <i><a href="/wiki/Schanze" title="Schanze">Schanze</a></i> (entrenchments) – were built to protect the whole area of the peninsula. </p><p>After a major blaze in 1405, the city's original wooden buildings were gradually replaced by <a href="/wiki/Half-timbered" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-timbered">half-timbered</a> houses, and subsequently the <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> buildings which came to be characteristic for the Old Town. Despite waves of <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">pestilence</a> that hit Europe in the 14th century, the city continued to grow, mainly due to <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a> from the surrounding countryside.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 18th century, the city of Bern was at one point the largest shareholder in the <a href="/wiki/South_Sea_Company" title="South Sea Company">South Sea Company</a>, a British <a href="/wiki/Joint-stock_company" title="Joint-stock company">joint-stock company</a> which was involved in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1689 to 3 March 1798 in the town was printed, in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, the biweekly newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Gazette_de_Berne" title="Gazette de Berne">Gazette de Berne</a></i>, which reflected the opinions of Bern,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually hostile to the politics of <a href="/wiki/Pre-revolutionary_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-revolutionary France">Pre-revolutionary France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller,_1825-1894_H01b_Bern.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller%2C_1825-1894_H01b_Bern.JPG/220px-Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller%2C_1825-1894_H01b_Bern.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller%2C_1825-1894_H01b_Bern.JPG/330px-Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller%2C_1825-1894_H01b_Bern.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller%2C_1825-1894_H01b_Bern.JPG/440px-Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller%2C_1825-1894_H01b_Bern.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4056" data-file-height="2836" /></a><figcaption>Bern c. 1870.<br />Etching by <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller_(1825-1894)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Johann Heinrich Müller (1825-1894)">Heinrich Müller</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Bern was occupied by <a href="/wiki/First_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="First French Republic">French</a> troops in 1798 during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a>, when it was stripped of parts of its territories. It regained control of the <a href="/wiki/Bernese_Oberland" title="Bernese Oberland">Bernese Oberland</a> in 1802, and following the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> of 1814, it newly acquired the <a href="/wiki/Bernese_Jura" title="Bernese Jura">Bernese Jura</a>. At this time, it once again became the largest canton of the Confederacy as it stood during the <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration (Switzerland)">Restoration</a> and until the secession of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">canton of Jura</a> in 1979. </p><p>On 28 November 1848, during the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">revolutions that year</a>, a majority of the new Swiss <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Assembly of Switzerland">Federal Assembly</a> deputies chose Bern as the <a href="/wiki/Federal_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal City">Federal City</a> (seat of the government) of the newly created <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_as_a_federal_state" title="Switzerland as a federal state">Swiss federal state</a>, ahead of <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>. Bern was chosen as not to concentrate all the power in the economic powerhouse of Zürich, while Catholic and conservative Lucerne had been part of the <a href="/wiki/Sonderbund_War" title="Sonderbund War">Sonderbund</a> during the war a year before. In addition, Bern had a more central location and was supported by the French-speaking cantons due to proximity to them. However, the constitution doesn't define Bern as official capital of Switzerland, but as the seat of government.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of congresses of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> <a href="/wiki/First_International" class="mw-redirect" title="First International">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_International" title="Second International">Second Internationals</a> were held in Bern, particularly during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> when Switzerland was neutral; see <a href="/wiki/Bern_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Bern International">Bern International</a>. </p><p>The city's population rose from about 5,000 in the 15th century to about 12,000 by 1800 and to above 60,000 by 1900, passing the 100,000 mark during the 1920s. Population peaked during the 1960s at 165,000 and has since decreased slightly, to below 130,000 by 2000. As of September 2017, the resident population stood at 142,349, of which 100,000 were Swiss citizens and 42,349 (31%) resident foreigners. A further estimated 350,000 people live in the immediate <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">urban agglomeration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Bern" title="List of parks in Bern">List of parks in Bern</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bern_luftaufnahme.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bern_luftaufnahme.png/220px-Bern_luftaufnahme.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bern_luftaufnahme.png/330px-Bern_luftaufnahme.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bern_luftaufnahme.png/440px-Bern_luftaufnahme.png 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Bern" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City of Bern">Old City of Bern</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aare" title="Aare">Aare</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bern_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bern_2.jpg/220px-Bern_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bern_2.jpg/330px-Bern_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bern_2.jpg/440px-Bern_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4937" data-file-height="3291" /></a><figcaption>The Old City with the Minster and its platform above the lower <i>Matte</i> quarter and the <a href="/wiki/Aare" title="Aare">Aare</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aareschlaufe_Bern-East.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Aareschlaufe_Bern-East.svg/220px-Aareschlaufe_Bern-East.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Aareschlaufe_Bern-East.svg/330px-Aareschlaufe_Bern-East.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Aareschlaufe_Bern-East.svg/440px-Aareschlaufe_Bern-East.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2453" data-file-height="1908" /></a><figcaption>The Aare flows in a wide loop around the Old City.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bern,_Switzerland.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bern%2C_Switzerland.JPG/220px-Bern%2C_Switzerland.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bern%2C_Switzerland.JPG/330px-Bern%2C_Switzerland.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bern%2C_Switzerland.JPG/440px-Bern%2C_Switzerland.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>View of Bern from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">ISS</a>. The Old City is on the lower right-hand side.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bern lies on the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss plateau">Swiss plateau</a> in the canton of Bern, slightly west of the centre of Switzerland and 20 km (12 mi) north of the <a href="/wiki/Bernese_Alps" title="Bernese Alps">Bernese Alps</a>. The countryside around Bern was formed by glaciers during the most recent <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice age</a>. The two mountains closest to Bern are <a href="/wiki/Gurten_(mountain)" title="Gurten (mountain)">Gurten</a> with a height of 864 m (2,835 ft) and <a href="/wiki/Bantiger" title="Bantiger">Bantiger</a> with a height of 947 m (3,107 ft). The site of the old observatory in Bern is the point of origin of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_coordinate_system" title="Swiss coordinate system">CH1903 coordinate system</a> at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bern&params=46_57_08.66_N_7_26_22.50_E_region:CH_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°57′08.66″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°26′22.50″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.9524056°N 7.4395833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.9524056; 7.4395833</span></span></span></a></span></span>. </p><p>The city was originally built on a hilly <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a> surrounded by the river <a href="/wiki/Aare" title="Aare">Aare</a>, but outgrew natural boundaries by the 19th century. A <a href="/wiki/List_of_Aar_bridges_in_Bern" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Aar bridges in Bern">number of bridges</a> have been built to allow the city to expand beyond the Aare. </p><p>Bern is built on very uneven ground. An elevation difference of up to 60 metres exists between the inner city districts on the Aare (<a href="/wiki/Mattequartier" title="Mattequartier">Matte</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marzili,_Bern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marzili, Bern (page does not exist)">Marzili</a>) and the higher ones (Kirchenfeld, Länggasse). </p><p>Bern has an area, as of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, of 51.62 km<sup>2</sup> (19.93 sq mi). Of this area, 9.42 km<sup>2</sup> (3.64 sq mi) or 18.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 17.21 km<sup>2</sup> (6.64 sq mi) or 33.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 23.76 km<sup>2</sup> (9.17 sq mi) or 46.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 1.08 km<sup>2</sup> (0.42 sq mi) or 2.1% is either rivers or lakes, and 0.14 km<sup>2</sup> (0.054 sq mi) or 0.3% is unproductive land.<sup id="cite_ref-BFS_land_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFS_land-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the developed area of Bern, 3.1% consists of industrial buildings, 22.3% housing and other buildings, and 12.9% is devoted to transport infrastructure. Power and water infrastructure, as well as other special developed areas, made up 1.2% of the city, while another 6.5% consists of parks, green belts, and sports fields. </p><p>Of Bern's total land area, 32.8% is heavily forested. Of the agricultural land, 13.3% is used for growing crops and 4.4% is designated to be used as pasture. Local rivers and streams provide all the water in the municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-BFS_land_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFS_land-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ETH-BIB-Bern,_M%C3%BCnster-Bern-Inlandfl%C3%BCge-LBS_MH01-000191.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/ETH-BIB-Bern%2C_M%C3%BCnster-Bern-Inlandfl%C3%BCge-LBS_MH01-000191.tif/lossy-page1-220px-ETH-BIB-Bern%2C_M%C3%BCnster-Bern-Inlandfl%C3%BCge-LBS_MH01-000191.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/ETH-BIB-Bern%2C_M%C3%BCnster-Bern-Inlandfl%C3%BCge-LBS_MH01-000191.tif/lossy-page1-330px-ETH-BIB-Bern%2C_M%C3%BCnster-Bern-Inlandfl%C3%BCge-LBS_MH01-000191.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/ETH-BIB-Bern%2C_M%C3%BCnster-Bern-Inlandfl%C3%BCge-LBS_MH01-000191.tif/lossy-page1-440px-ETH-BIB-Bern%2C_M%C3%BCnster-Bern-Inlandfl%C3%BCge-LBS_MH01-000191.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6597" data-file-height="4359" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mittelholzer" title="Walter Mittelholzer">Walter Mittelholzer</a> (1919)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen Climate Classification">Köppen Climate Classification</a>, Bern has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<i>Cfb</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> closely bordering on a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<i>Dfb</i>). </p><p>The closest weather station near Bern is located in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Zollikofen" title="Zollikofen">Zollikofen</a>, about 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of the city centre. The warmest month for Bern is July, with a daily mean temperature of 18.3 °C (64.9 °F), and a daily maximum temperature of 24.3 °C (75.7 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest temperature recorded at Bern / Zollikofen is 37.0 °C (98.6 °F),<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recorded in <a href="/wiki/2003_European_heat_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 European heat wave">August 2003</a>. On average, a temperature of 25 °C (77 °F) or above is recorded 40.7 days per year, and 6 days per year with a temperature of 30 °C (86 °F) or above at Zollikofen,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the warmest day reaches an average of 32.1 °C (89.8 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are 103.7 days of air frost, and 22.3 ice days per year at Bern (Zollikofen) for the period of 1981–2010, as well as 14.1 days of snowfall, 36.7 days of snow cover per year and the average amount of snow measured per year is 52.6 centimetres (20.7 in).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On average, January is the coldest month, with a daily mean temperature of −0.4 °C (31.3 °F), and a daily minimum temperature of −3.6 °C (25.5 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lowest temperature ever recorded at Bern (Zollikofen) was −23.0 °C (−9.4 °F),<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recorded in February 1929, and typically the coldest temperature of the year reaches an average of −12.8 °C (9.0 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the period of 1981–2010. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Bern (<a href="/wiki/Zollikofen" title="Zollikofen">Zollikofen</a>), elevation: 553 m (1,814 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1901–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7<br />(92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.9<br />(26.8) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.1<br />(28.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.8<br />(−7.2) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−23.0<br />(−9.4) </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.6<br />(3.9) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.9<br />(17.8) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.2<br />(28.0) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.5<br />(22.1) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.9<br />(7.0) </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.5<br />(−4.9) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−23.0<br />(−9.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3<br />(2.37) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.5<br />(2.19) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.9<br />(2.56) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.0<br />(3.07) </td> <td style="background: #57FF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">112.4<br />(4.43) </td> <td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">101.5<br />(4.00) </td> <td style="background: #5EFF5E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">108.0<br />(4.25) </td> <td style="background: #57FF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">112.3<br />(4.42) </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.0<br />(3.43) </td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.5<br />(3.41) </td> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.9<br />(3.03) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.5<br />(3.09) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,021.8<br />(40.23) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(4.2) </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #3232FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(5.4) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">47.6<br />(18.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">122.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #787878; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.1 </td> <td style="background: #AEAE8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.4 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.3 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">179.3 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">197.1 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">225.5 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">245.2 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">227.8 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">175.2 </td> <td style="background: #B5B562; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.1 </td> <td style="background: #7C7C7C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.0 </td> <td style="background: #616161; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53.1 </td> <td style="background: #C5C506; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,797.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percentage <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/MeteoSwiss" title="MeteoSwiss">MeteoSwiss</a><sup id="cite_ref-MeteoSwiss_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MeteoSwiss-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Meteorological_Institute" title="Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute">KNMI</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The municipality is administratively subdivided into six districts (<i>Stadtteile</i>), each of which consists of several quarters (<i>Quartiere</i>). </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_and_quarters_of_Bern95" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_and_quarters_of_Bern" title="Template:Districts and quarters of Bern"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Districts_and_quarters_of_Bern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Districts and quarters of Bern (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Districts_and_quarters_of_Bern" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Districts and quarters of Bern"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_and_quarters_of_Bern95" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Districts and quarters of Bern</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">District I</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Innere Stadt</b> (<a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Bern" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City of Bern">Old City of Bern</a>)</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Berner_Stadtteile.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Karte_Berner_Stadtteile.png/120px-Karte_Berner_Stadtteile.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Karte_Berner_Stadtteile.png/250px-Karte_Berner_Stadtteile.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1476" data-file-height="793" /></a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">Districts</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Berner_Quartiere.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Karte_Berner_Quartiere.png/120px-Karte_Berner_Quartiere.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Karte_Berner_Quartiere.png/180px-Karte_Berner_Quartiere.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Karte_Berner_Quartiere.png/240px-Karte_Berner_Quartiere.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1959" /></a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">Quarters</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">District II</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4nggasse-Felsenau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Länggasse-Felsenau (page does not exist)">Länggasse-Felsenau</a></dt> <dd>Engeried</dd> <dd>Felsenau</dd> <dd>Neufeld</dd> <dd>Länggasse</dd> <dd>Stadtbach</dd> <dd>Muesmatt</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">District III</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mattenhof-Weissenb%C3%BChl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mattenhof-Weissenbühl (page does not exist)">Mattenhof-Weissenbühl</a></dt> <dd>Holligen</dd> <dd>Weissenstein</dd> <dd>Mattenhof</dd> <dd>Monbijou</dd> <dd>Weissenbühl</dd> <dd>Sandrain.</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">District IV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirchenfeld-Schosshalde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirchenfeld-Schosshalde (page does not exist)">Kirchenfeld-Schosshalde</a></dt> <dd>Kirchenfeld</dd> <dd>Gryphenhübeli</dd> <dd>Brunnadern</dd> <dd>Murifeld</dd> <dd>Schosshalde</dd> <dd>Beundenfeld</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">District V</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breitenrain-Lorraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breitenrain-Lorraine (page does not exist)">Breitenrain-Lorraine</a></dt> <dd>Altenberg</dd> <dd>Spitalacker</dd> <dd>Breitfeld</dd> <dd>Breitenrain</dd> <dd>Lorraine</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">District VI</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCmpliz-Oberbottigen" title="Bümpliz-Oberbottigen">Bümpliz-Oberbottigen</a></dt> <dd>Bümpliz</dd> <dd>Oberbottigen</dd> <dd>Stöckacker</dd> <dd>Bethlehem</dd> <dd>Brünnen</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erlacherhof.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Erlacherhof.jpg/220px-Erlacherhof.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Erlacherhof.jpg/330px-Erlacherhof.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Erlacherhof.jpg/440px-Erlacherhof.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5526" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Erlacherhof</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rathaus_(Bern).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rathaus_%28Bern%29.jpg/250px-Rathaus_%28Bern%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rathaus_%28Bern%29.jpg/330px-Rathaus_%28Bern%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rathaus_%28Bern%29.jpg/500px-Rathaus_%28Bern%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3284" data-file-height="2528" /></a><figcaption>Rathaus</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Bern" title="List of mayors of Bern">List of mayors of Bern</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gemeinderat_(Bern)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinderat (Bern)">Gemeinderat (Bern)</a></div> <p>The Municipal Council (de: <b>Gemeinderat</b>, fr: <b>conseil municipal</b>) constitutes the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a> government of the City of Bern and operates as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegiate authority (page does not exist)">collegiate authority</a>. It is composed of five councillors (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Gemeinderat/-rätin</i>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">conseiller/conseillère municipal(e)</i>), each presiding over a directorate (de: <i>Direktion</i>, fr: <i>direction</i>) comprising several departments and bureaus. The president of the executive department acts as <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a> (de: <i>Stadtpräsident/-präsidentin</i>, fr: <i>Le Maire</i>). In the mandate period (<i>Legislatur</i>) 2025–2028, the Municipal Council is presided by <i>Stadtpräsidentin</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marieke_Kruit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marieke Kruit (page does not exist)">Marieke Kruit</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marieke_Kruit" class="extiw" title="de:Marieke Kruit">de</a>]</span>. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the City Council are carried by the Municipal Council. The regular election of the Municipal Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Municipal Council. Contrary to most other municipalities, the executive government in Bern is selected by means of a system of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">Proporz</a>. The mayor is elected as such as well by public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the <a href="/wiki/Junkerngasse" title="Junkerngasse">Erlacherhof</a>, built by architect <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_St%C3%BCrler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albrecht Stürler (page does not exist)">Albrecht Stürler</a> after 1747. </p><p>As of 2025<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Bern's Municipal Council is made up of two representatives of the SP (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">Social Democratic Party</a>), and one each of GFL (<i>Grüne Freie Liste</i> a.k.a. Green Free List), GB (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%BCnes_B%C3%BCndnis_Bern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grünes Bündnis Bern (page does not exist)">Green Alliance of Bern</a>) and GLP (<a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">Green Liberal Party</a>), giving the left parties a very strong majority of four out of five seats. The last regular election was held on 24 November 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-election_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-election-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-GR_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>The Municipal Council (<i>Gemeinderat</i>) of Bern for the mandate period 2025-2028<sup id="cite_ref-GR_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Municipal Councillor<br />(<i>Gemeinderat/-rätin</i>)</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Head of Directorate (<i>Direktion</i>, since) of</th> <th>elected since </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marieke_Kruit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marieke Kruit (page does not exist)">Marieke Kruit</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marieke_Kruit" class="extiw" title="de:Marieke Kruit">de</a>]</span></b><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>GR 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E4002B; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> SP</td> <td>Mayor's Office (<i>Präsidialdirektion (PRD)</i>, 2025)</td> <td>2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alec_von_Graffenried&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alec von Graffenried (page does not exist)">Alec von Graffenried</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alec_von_Graffenried" class="extiw" title="de:Alec von Graffenried">de</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>GR 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#39A642; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> GFL</td> <td>Security, the Environment and Energy (<i>Direktion für Sicherheit, Umwelt und Energie (SUE)</i>, 2025)</td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ursina_Anderegg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ursina Anderegg (page does not exist)">Ursina Anderegg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursina_Anderegg" class="extiw" title="de:Ursina Anderegg">de</a>]</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#84B414; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> GB</td> <td>Education, Social Welfare and Sport (<i>Direktion für Bildung, Soziales und Sport (BSS)</i>, 2025)</td> <td>2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Aebischer" title="Matthias Aebischer">Matthias Aebischer</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E4002B; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> SP</td> <td>Civil Engineering, Transport and Green Spaces (<i>Direktion für Tiefbau, Verkehr und Stadtgrün (TVS)</i>, 2025)</td> <td>2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melanie_Mettler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melanie Mettler (page does not exist)">Melanie Mettler</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Mettler" class="extiw" title="de:Melanie Mettler">de</a>]</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b4dc00; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> GLP</td> <td>Finances, Personnel and IT (<i>Direktion für Finanzen, Personal und Informatik (FPI)</i>, 2025)</td> <td>2025 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayor (<i>Stadtpräsidentin</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vice-Mayor (<i>Vizepräsident</i>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>Dr. Claudia Mannhart is City Chronicler (<i>Stadtschreiberin</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was elected by the Municipal Council in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliament">Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1279587269">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em;margin:0;margin-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>.l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{flex-direction:column-reverse}@media screen and (min-width:641px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{width:min-content}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-container{align-items:center}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend-container{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(190px,1fr));gap:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-footer{margin-top:.5em}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style=""> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">The <i>Stadtrat</i> of Bern for the mandate period of 2021–2024:<sup id="cite_ref-SR_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Red;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">PdA (1.25%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#960018;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">AL (3.75%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#509F25;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">GaP (1.25%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#E4002B;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">JUSO (2.5%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#E4002B;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">SP/PS (26.25%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#FF8623;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">JA! (3.75%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#84B414;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">GB (12.5%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#39A642;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">GFL (8.75%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#b4dc00;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">jglp (2.5%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#b4dc00;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">glp/pvl (11.25%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#EFDA18;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">EVP/PEV (2.5%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#EF7D00;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">CVP/PDC (2.5%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#FBD918;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">BDP/PBD (2.5%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#0E52A0;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">FDP/PLR (8.75%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#0E52A0;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">JF / DL (1.25%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#009F4F;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">SVP/UDC (8.75%)</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:#009F4F;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="SVP/UDC (8.75%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div style="; background:Red;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 8.18635505% 0%, 0 100%)" title="PdA (1.25%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.013turn); background:#960018;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 24.34039451% 0%, 0 100%)" title="AL (3.75%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.050turn); background:#509F25;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 8.18635505% 0%, 0 100%)" title="GaP (1.25%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.062turn); background:#E4002B;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 15.83844403% 0%, 0 100%)" title="JUSO (2.5%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:#E4002B;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.087turn)" title="SP/PS (26.25%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:#E4002B;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.100turn)" title="SP/PS (26.25%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.350turn); background:#FF8623;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 24.34039451% 0%, 0 100%)" title="JA! (3.75%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:#84B414;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.388turn)" title="GB (12.5%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#39A642;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.512turn)" title="GFL (8.75%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#39A642;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.530turn)" title="GFL (8.75%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.600turn); background:#b4dc00;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 15.83844403% 0%, 0 100%)" title="jglp (2.5%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#b4dc00;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.625turn)" title="glp/pvl (11.25%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#b4dc00;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.667turn)" title="glp/pvl (11.25%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.738turn); background:#EFDA18;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 15.83844403% 0%, 0 100%)" title="EVP/PEV (2.5%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.762turn); background:#EF7D00;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 15.83844403% 0%, 0 100%)" title="CVP/PDC (2.5%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.787turn); background:#FBD918;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 15.83844403% 0%, 0 100%)" title="BDP/PBD (2.5%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#0E52A0;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.812turn)" title="FDP/PLR (8.75%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#0E52A0;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.830turn)" title="FDP/PLR (8.75%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.900turn); background:#0E52A0;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 8.18635505% 0%, 0 100%)" title="JF / DL (1.25%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> <p>The City Council (de: <b>Stadtrat</b>, fr: <b>Conseil de ville</b>) holds <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">legislative power</a>. It is made up of 80 members, with elections held every four years. The City Council decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the Municipal Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>. </p><p>The sessions of the City Council are public. Unlike members of the Municipal Council, members of the City Council are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The parliament holds its meetings in the <i>Stadthaus</i> (Town Hall). </p><p>The last regular election of the City Council was held on 29 November 2020 for the mandate period (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Legislatur</i>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">la législature</i>) from 2021 to 2024. The City Council consist of 23 (-1) members of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">Social Democratic Party (SP/PS)</a> including two seats by the junior party <i>JUSO</i>, 11 (+3) <a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">Green Liberal Party (glp/pvl)</a> including two member of its junior party <i>jglp</i>, 10 (+1) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%BCnes_B%C3%BCndnis_Bern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grünes Bündnis Bern (page does not exist)">Green Alliance of Bern (GB)</a>, 8 (-1) <a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">The Liberals (FDP/PLR)</a> including one seat by its junior partner <i>JF / DL</i>, 7 (-2) <a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC)</a>, 7 (-1) <i>Grüne Freie Liste (GFL)</i> (Green Free List), 3 (+1) <i>Junge Alternative (JA!)</i> (or Young Alternatives), 3 (+1) <a href="/wiki/Alternative_Left" title="Alternative Left">Alternative Linke Bern (AL)</a>, 2 (-1) <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland">Conservative Democratic Party (BDP/PBD)</a>, 2 (-) <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland">Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC)</a>, 2 (-) <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland">Evangelical People's Party (EVP/PEV)</a>, 1 (-) <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Party_of_Labour" title="Swiss Party of Labour">Swiss Party of Labour (PdA)</a>, and 1 <i>Grüne alternative Partei (GaP)</i> (or Green alternative Party).<sup id="cite_ref-election_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-election-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SR_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_elections">National elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: National elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Council">National Council</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: National Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Swiss_federal_election" title="2019 Swiss federal election">2019 federal election</a> for the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">Swiss National Council</a> the most popular party was the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">PS</a> which received 28.7% (-5.6) of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">Green Party</a> (25.2%, +7.9), the <a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">pvl</a> (13.5%, +4.1), the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">UDC</a> (9.5%, -2.9), <a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">PLR</a> (4.2%, -2.8), and the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland">BDP/PBD</a> (7.0%).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the federal election a total of 49,030 votes were cast, and the <a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">voter turnout</a> was 56%.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2015_Swiss_federal_election" title="2015 Swiss federal election">2015 federal election</a> for the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">Swiss National Council</a> the most popular party was the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">PS</a> which received 34.3% of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">Green Party</a> (17.4%), the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">UDC</a> (12.4%), and the <a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP/PLR</a> (9.9%), <a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">glp/pvl</a> (9.4%), and the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland">BDP/PBD</a> (7.0%). In the federal election, a total of 48,556 voters were cast, and the <a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">voter turnout</a> was 56.0%.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_relations">International relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Twin_and_sister_cities">Twin and sister cities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Twin and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Municipal Council of the city of Bern decided against having twinned cities except for a temporary (during the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2008" title="UEFA Euro 2008">UEFA Euro 2008</a>) cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> city <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bern_population_pyramid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bern_population_pyramid.svg/250px-Bern_population_pyramid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bern_population_pyramid.svg/330px-Bern_population_pyramid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bern_population_pyramid.svg/500px-Bern_population_pyramid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2624" data-file-height="2104" /></a><figcaption>Bern population pyramid in 2021</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Largest groups of foreign residents 2012 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Number</th> <th>% total<br />(foreigners) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>5,957</td> <td>4.7 (20.0) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>4,113</td> <td>3.2 (13.5) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>1,977</td> <td>1.6 (6.5) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>1,433</td> <td>1.1 (4.7) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>1,161</td> <td>0.9 (3.8) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></td> <td>1,120</td> <td>0.9 (3.7) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></td> <td>1,085</td> <td>0.9 (3.6) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></td> <td>898</td> <td>0.7 (3.0) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td>898</td> <td>0.7 (3.0) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>668</td> <td>0.5 (2.2) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td>629</td> <td>0.5 (2.1) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1850</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">29,670</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1860</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">31,050</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1870</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">37,548</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1880</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">45,743</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1888</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">48,605</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+6.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">67,550</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+39.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1910</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">90,937</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+34.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1920</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">104,626</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1930</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">111,783</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">130,331</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+16.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">146,499</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">163,172</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">162,405</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">145,254</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−10.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">136,338</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−6.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">128,634</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">124,381</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">134,794</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.4%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><p>Bern has a population (as of December 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) of 134,794.<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_BE_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_BE-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for −2.1%.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the population (as of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) speaks German (104,465 or 81.2%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (5,062 or 3.9%) and French is the third (4,671 or 3.6%). There are 171 people who speak <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the population was 47.5% male and 52.5% female. The population was made up of 44,032 Swiss men (35.4% of the population) and 15,092 (12.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 51,531 Swiss women (41.4%) and 13,726 (11.0%) non-Swiss women.<sup id="cite_ref-BE_Stat_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BE_Stat-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the population in the municipality, 39,008 or about 30.3% were born in Bern and lived there in 2000. There were 27,573 or 21.4% who were born in the same canton, while 25,818 or 20.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 27,812 or 21.6% were born outside of Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bern_Bethlehem2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bern_Bethlehem2.jpg/220px-Bern_Bethlehem2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bern_Bethlehem2.jpg/330px-Bern_Bethlehem2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bern_Bethlehem2.jpg/440px-Bern_Bethlehem2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Apartment blocks at Bern-Bethlehem</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 15.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 65% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.9%.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 59,948 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 49,873 married individuals, 9,345 widows or widowers and 9,468 individuals who are divorced.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Houses_in_the_Old_City_of_Bern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Houses_in_the_Old_City_of_Bern.jpg/220px-Houses_in_the_Old_City_of_Bern.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Houses_in_the_Old_City_of_Bern.jpg/330px-Houses_in_the_Old_City_of_Bern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Houses_in_the_Old_City_of_Bern.jpg/440px-Houses_in_the_Old_City_of_Bern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="901" /></a><figcaption>Houses in the Old City of Bern</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 67,115 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.8 persons per household.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 34,981 households that consist of only one person and 1,592 households with five or more people. In 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, a total of 65,538 apartments (90.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 5,352 apartments (7.4%) were seasonally occupied and 1,444 apartments (2.0%) were empty.<sup id="cite_ref-Housing_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Housing-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the construction rate of new housing units was 1.2 new units per 1000 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2003<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the average price to rent an average apartment in Bern was 1108.92 <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss francs</a> (CHF) per month (US$890, £500, €710 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 619.82 CHF (US$500, £280, €400), a two-room apartment was about 879.36 CHF (US$700, £400, €560), a three-room apartment was about 1040.54 CHF (US$830, £470, €670) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2094.80 CHF (US$1680, £940, €1340). The average apartment price in Bern was 99.4% of the national average of 1116 CHF.<sup id="cite_ref-BFS_rent_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFS_rent-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, was 0.45%.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_44-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_population">Historic population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Historic population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The historical population is given in the following chart:<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_s76181bhoae29b9kanlved2yihypekd"></map><img usemap="#timeline_s76181bhoae29b9kanlved2yihypekd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/s76181bhoae29b9kanlved2yihypekd.png" /></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="12">Historic Population Data<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Total Population </th> <th>German-speaking </th> <th>French-speaking </th> <th>Protestant </th> <th>Catholic </th> <th>Jewish </th> <th>Christian Catholic </th> <th>Other or no religion given </th> <th>No religion given </th> <th>Swiss </th> <th>Non-Swiss </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1700 </th> <td style="text-align:center;">14,219</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1730 </th> <td style="text-align:center;">15,932</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1764 </th> <td style="text-align:center;">14,515</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1798 </th> <td style="text-align:center;">12,186</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1818 </th> <td style="text-align:center;">18,997</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1837 </th> <td style="text-align:center;">24,362</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1850 </th> <td style="text-align:center;">29,670</td> <td style="text-align:center;"></td> <td style="text-align:center;"></td> <td style="text-align:center;">27,986</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,478</td> <td style="text-align:center;"></td> <td style="text-align:center;">206</td> <td style="text-align:center;"></td> <td style="text-align:center;"></td> <td style="text-align:center;">28,009</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,661 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1880 </th> <td style="text-align:center;">44,087</td> <td style="text-align:center;">41,784</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,875</td> <td style="text-align:center;">39,948</td> <td style="text-align:center;">3,456</td> <td style="text-align:center;"></td> <td style="text-align:center;">387</td> <td style="text-align:center;">296</td> <td style="text-align:center;"></td> <td style="text-align:center;">40,463</td> <td style="text-align:center;">3,624 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1910 </th> <td style="text-align:center;">90,937</td> <td style="text-align:center;">83,144</td> <td style="text-align:center;">4,566</td> <td style="text-align:center;">78,234</td> <td style="text-align:center;">9,650</td> <td style="text-align:center;"></td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,056</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,997</td> <td style="text-align:center;"></td> <td style="text-align:center;">81,335</td> <td style="text-align:center;">9,602 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1930 </th> <td style="text-align:center;">111,783</td> <td style="text-align:center;">102,444</td> <td style="text-align:center;">6,378</td> <td style="text-align:center;">95,600</td> <td style="text-align:center;">13,280</td> <td style="text-align:center;"></td> <td style="text-align:center;">854</td> <td style="text-align:center;">2,049</td> <td style="text-align:center;"></td> <td style="text-align:center;">104,864</td> <td style="text-align:center;">6,919 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1950 </th> <td style="text-align:center;">146,499</td> <td style="text-align:center;">129,781</td> <td style="text-align:center;">10,262</td> <td style="text-align:center;">118,823</td> <td style="text-align:center;">23,295</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,089</td> <td style="text-align:center;">792</td> <td style="text-align:center;">2,500</td> <td style="text-align:center;"></td> <td style="text-align:center;">139,367</td> <td style="text-align:center;">7,132 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1970 </th> <td style="text-align:center;">162,405</td> <td style="text-align:center;">133,737</td> <td style="text-align:center;">8,041</td> <td style="text-align:center;">115,779</td> <td style="text-align:center;">41,374</td> <td style="text-align:center;">635</td> <td style="text-align:center;">561</td> <td style="text-align:center;">4,056</td> <td style="text-align:center;"></td> <td style="text-align:center;">139,873</td> <td style="text-align:center;">22,532 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1990 </th> <td style="text-align:center;">136,338</td> <td style="text-align:center;">110,279</td> <td style="text-align:center;">5,236</td> <td style="text-align:center;">79,889</td> <td style="text-align:center;">36,723</td> <td style="text-align:center;">335</td> <td style="text-align:center;">334</td> <td style="text-align:center;">19,057</td> <td style="text-align:center;">10,006</td> <td style="text-align:center;">112,599</td> <td style="text-align:center;">23,739 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heiliggeistkirche_Bern_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Heiliggeistkirche_Bern_2.jpg/250px-Heiliggeistkirche_Bern_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Heiliggeistkirche_Bern_2.jpg/330px-Heiliggeistkirche_Bern_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Heiliggeistkirche_Bern_2.jpg/500px-Heiliggeistkirche_Bern_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2055" data-file-height="2724" /></a><figcaption>Church of the Holy Spirit in Bern</figcaption></figure> <p>From the 2000 census<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 60,455 or 47.0% belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Reformed_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Reformed Church">Swiss Reformed Church</a>, while 31,510 or 24.5% were members of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. Of the rest of the population, there were 1,874 <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy#Christianity" title="Orthodoxy">members of an Orthodox church</a> (or about 1.46% of the population), there were 229 persons (or about 0.18% of the population) who belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Catholic_Church_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland">Christ Catholic Church</a>, and there were 5,531 persons (or about 4.30% of the population) who belonged to another Christian religion. There were 324 persons (or about 0.25% of the population) who were <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a>, and 4,907 (or about 3.81% of the population) who were <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>. There were 629 persons who were <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a>, 1,430 persons who were <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> and 177 persons who belonged to another religion. 16,363 (or about 12.72% of the population) belonged to no religion, are agnostic or <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheist</a>, and 7,855 persons (or about 6.11% of the population) did not answer the question.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 December 2014 the <a href="/wiki/Haus_der_Religionen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haus der Religionen">Haus der Religionen</a> was inaugurated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundeshaus_Bern_2009,_Flooffy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bundeshaus_Bern_2009%2C_Flooffy.jpg/220px-Bundeshaus_Bern_2009%2C_Flooffy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bundeshaus_Bern_2009%2C_Flooffy.jpg/330px-Bundeshaus_Bern_2009%2C_Flooffy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bundeshaus_Bern_2009%2C_Flooffy.jpg/440px-Bundeshaus_Bern_2009%2C_Flooffy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="843" /></a><figcaption>The central building of the Federal Palace of Switzerland</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4377_-_Bern_-_Kindlifresserbrunnen_am_Kornhausplatz.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/4377_-_Bern_-_Kindlifresserbrunnen_am_Kornhausplatz.JPG/100px-4377_-_Bern_-_Kindlifresserbrunnen_am_Kornhausplatz.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/4377_-_Bern_-_Kindlifresserbrunnen_am_Kornhausplatz.JPG/150px-4377_-_Bern_-_Kindlifresserbrunnen_am_Kornhausplatz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/4377_-_Bern_-_Kindlifresserbrunnen_am_Kornhausplatz.JPG/200px-4377_-_Bern_-_Kindlifresserbrunnen_am_Kornhausplatz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>The Ogre of the Kindlifresserbrunnen has a sack of children waiting to be devoured.</figcaption></figure> <p>The structure of Bern's <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Bern)" title="Old City (Bern)">city centre</a> is largely <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> and has been recognised by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> as a Cultural <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. Perhaps its most famous sight is the <i><a href="/wiki/Zytglogge" title="Zytglogge">Zytglogge</a></i> (Bernese German for "Time Bell"), an elaborate medieval clock tower with moving puppets. It also has an impressive 15th century <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> cathedral, the <i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(Bern)" class="mw-redirect" title="Münster (Bern)">Münster</a></i>, and a 15th-century town hall. Thanks to 6 kilometres (4 miles) of arcades, the old town boasts one of the longest covered shopping promenades in Europe. </p><p>Since the 16th century, the city has had a bear pit, the <i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4rengraben" title="Bärengraben">Bärengraben</a></i>, at the far end of the <a href="/wiki/Nydeggbr%C3%BCcke" title="Nydeggbrücke">Nydeggbrücke</a> to house its heraldic animals. The four bears are now kept in an open-air enclosure nearby, and two other young bears, a present by the Russian president, are kept in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A4hlh%C3%B6lzli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dählhölzli">Dählhölzli</a> zoo.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Federal Palace (<a href="/wiki/Federal_Palace_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Palace of Switzerland">Bundeshaus</a>), built from 1857 to 1902, which houses the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Federal Assembly">national parliament</a>, government and part of the federal administration, can also be visited. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> lived in a flat at the <a href="/wiki/Kramgasse" title="Kramgasse">Kramgasse</a> 49, the site of the <a href="/wiki/Einsteinhaus" title="Einsteinhaus">Einsteinhaus</a>, from 1903 to 1905, the year in which the <a href="/wiki/Annus_Mirabilis_papers" class="mw-redirect" title="Annus Mirabilis papers"><i>Annus Mirabilis</i> papers</a> were published. </p><p>The Rose Garden (<i>Rosengarten</i>), from which a scenic panoramic view of the medieval town centre can be enjoyed, is a well-kept Rosarium on a hill, converted into a park from a former cemetery in 1913. </p><p>There are <a href="/wiki/List_of_fountains_in_Bern" title="List of fountains in Bern">eleven Renaissance allegorical statues</a> on public fountains in the Old Town. Nearly all the 16th-century fountains, except the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A4hringerbrunnen" title="Zähringerbrunnen">Zähringer fountain</a>, which was created by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Hiltbrand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Hiltbrand (page does not exist)">Hans Hiltbrand</a>, are the work of the <a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a> master <a href="/wiki/Hans_Gieng" title="Hans Gieng">Hans Gieng</a>. One of the more interesting fountains is the <a href="/wiki/Kindlifresserbrunnen" title="Kindlifresserbrunnen">Kindlifresserbrunnen</a> (Bernese German: <i>Child Eater Fountain</i>), which is claimed to represent a Jew,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Greek god <a href="/wiki/Chronos" title="Chronos">Chronos</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Swabian-Alemannic-Fastnacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Swabian-Alemannic-Fastnacht">Fastnacht</a> figure meant to frighten disobedient children.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bern's most recent sight is the set of fountains in front of the Federal Palace. It was inaugurated on 1 August 2004. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a> is situated in Bern. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Zytglogge_clock_tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/The_Zytglogge_clock_tower.jpg/250px-The_Zytglogge_clock_tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/The_Zytglogge_clock_tower.jpg/330px-The_Zytglogge_clock_tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/The_Zytglogge_clock_tower.jpg/500px-The_Zytglogge_clock_tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5147" data-file-height="3431" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Zytglogge" title="Zytglogge">Zytglogge</a> clock tower and the city's medieval covered shopping promenades (<i>Lauben</i>)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heritage_sites_of_national_significance">Heritage sites of national significance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Heritage sites of national significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bern is home to 114 Swiss <a href="/wiki/Swiss_inventory_of_cultural_property_of_national_and_regional_significance" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance">heritage sites of national significance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It includes the entire <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_of_Bern" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Town of Bern">Old Town</a>, which is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and many sites within and around it. Some of the most notable in the Old Town include the <a href="/wiki/Bern_Minster" title="Bern Minster">Cathedral</a> which was started in 1421 and is the tallest cathedral in Switzerland, the <a href="/wiki/Zytglogge" title="Zytglogge">Zytglogge</a> and <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4figturm" title="Käfigturm">Käfigturm</a> towers, which mark two successive expansions of the Old Town, and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Ghost,_Bern" title="Church of the Holy Ghost, Bern">Holy Ghost Church</a>, which is one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Reformed_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Reformed Church">Swiss Reformed</a> churches in Switzerland. Within the Old Town, there are eleven <a href="/wiki/List_of_fountains_in_Bern" title="List of fountains in Bern">16th-century fountains</a>, most attributed to <a href="/wiki/Hans_Gieng" title="Hans Gieng">Hans Gieng</a>, that are on the list. </p><p>Outside the Old Town the heritage sites include the Bärengraben, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gewerbeschule_Bern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gewerbeschule Bern (page does not exist)">Gewerbeschule Bern</a> (1937), the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eidgen%C3%B6ssisches_Archiv_f%C3%BCr_Denkmalpflege&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eidgenössisches Archiv für Denkmalpflege (page does not exist)">Eidgenössisches Archiv für Denkmalpflege</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirchenfeld,_Bern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirchenfeld, Bern (page does not exist)">Kirchenfeld mansion district</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchenfeld_(Bern)" class="extiw" title="de:Kirchenfeld (Bern)">de</a>]</span> (after 1881), the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thunplatzbrunnen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thunplatzbrunnen (page does not exist)">Thunplatzbrunnen</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Swissmint" title="Swissmint">Federal Mint</a> building, the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Archives" title="Swiss Federal Archives">Federal Archives</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Library" title="Swiss National Library">Swiss National Library</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Historical_Museum_of_Bern" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Museum of Bern">Historical Museum</a> (1894), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpine_Museum_of_Bern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpine Museum of Bern (page does not exist)">Alpine Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Communication_Bern" title="Museum of Communication Bern">Museum of Communication</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum_of_Bern" title="Natural History Museum of Bern">Natural History Museum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zentrum_Paul_Klee_Bern_15.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Zentrum_Paul_Klee_Bern_15.JPG/220px-Zentrum_Paul_Klee_Bern_15.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Zentrum_Paul_Klee_Bern_15.JPG/330px-Zentrum_Paul_Klee_Bern_15.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Zentrum_Paul_Klee_Bern_15.JPG/440px-Zentrum_Paul_Klee_Bern_15.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zentrum_Paul_Klee" title="Zentrum Paul Klee">Zentrum Paul Klee</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadttheater_Bern_in_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Stadttheater_Bern_in_2022.jpg/220px-Stadttheater_Bern_in_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Stadttheater_Bern_in_2022.jpg/330px-Stadttheater_Bern_in_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Stadttheater_Bern_in_2022.jpg/440px-Stadttheater_Bern_in_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3600" /></a><figcaption>Stadttheater</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GF2023_J-Balvin_(C)Gurtenfestival-Manuel-Lopez_27369.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/GF2023_J-Balvin_%28C%29Gurtenfestival-Manuel-Lopez_27369.jpg/220px-GF2023_J-Balvin_%28C%29Gurtenfestival-Manuel-Lopez_27369.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/GF2023_J-Balvin_%28C%29Gurtenfestival-Manuel-Lopez_27369.jpg/330px-GF2023_J-Balvin_%28C%29Gurtenfestival-Manuel-Lopez_27369.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/GF2023_J-Balvin_%28C%29Gurtenfestival-Manuel-Lopez_27369.jpg/440px-GF2023_J-Balvin_%28C%29Gurtenfestival-Manuel-Lopez_27369.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gurtenfestival" title="Gurtenfestival">Gurtenfestival</a>, 2023</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Bern" title="List of museums in Bern">List of museums in Bern</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatres">Theatres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Theatres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bern_Theatre" title="Bern Theatre">Bern Theatre</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Narrenpack Theatre Bern<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Schlachthaus Theatre<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tojo_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Tojo Theater">Tojo Theater</a></li> <li>The Theatre on the Effinger-Street<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Theatre am Käfigturm<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinemas">Cinemas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Cinemas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bern has several dozen cinemas. As is customary in German Switzerland, films are generally in German. Some films in select cinemas are shown in their original language with German and French subtitles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_festivals">Film festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Film festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shnit_international_shortfilmfestival" class="mw-redirect" title="Shnit international shortfilmfestival">shnit International Shortfilmfestival</a>, held annually in early October.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queersicht" title="Queersicht">Queersicht</a> – gay and lesbian film festival, held annually in the second week of November.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BeJazz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BeJazz (page does not exist)">BeJazz</a> Summer and Winter Festival</li> <li>Buskers Bern <a href="/wiki/Street_performance" title="Street performance">Street Music</a> Festival</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurtenfestival" title="Gurtenfestival">Gurtenfestival</a></li> <li>Internationales Jazzfestival Bern</li> <li>Taktlos-Festival</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_events">Music events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Music events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Musikpreis des Kantons Bern</i> is an annual musical event where "Outstanding musicians which styles shape the Bern music scene" are honored.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fairs">Fairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Fairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zibelem%C3%A4rit" title="Zibelemärit">Zibelemärit</a> – The Zibelemärit (onion market) is an annual fair held on the fourth Monday in November.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernese_Fasnacht_(Carnival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernese Fasnacht (Carnival)">Bernese Fasnacht (Carnival)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stade_de_Suisse_Luftbild_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Stade_de_Suisse_Luftbild_2011.jpg/220px-Stade_de_Suisse_Luftbild_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Stade_de_Suisse_Luftbild_2011.jpg/330px-Stade_de_Suisse_Luftbild_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Stade_de_Suisse_Luftbild_2011.jpg/440px-Stade_de_Suisse_Luftbild_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stadion_Wankdorf" title="Stadion Wankdorf">Stadion Wankdorf</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Bern was the site of the <a href="/wiki/1954_FIFA_World_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 FIFA World Cup Final">1954 FIFA World Cup Final</a>, in which <a href="/wiki/West_Germany_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="West Germany national football team">West Germany</a> upset the Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Golden_Team" title="Golden Team">Golden Team</a> 3–2. The football team <a href="/wiki/BSC_Young_Boys" title="BSC Young Boys">BSC Young Boys</a> is based in Bern at the <a href="/wiki/Stadion_Wankdorf" title="Stadion Wankdorf">Stadion Wankdorf</a>, which also was one of the venues for the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2008" title="UEFA Euro 2008">2008 UEFA European Championship</a>, in which it hosted three matches. </p><p><a href="/wiki/FC_Breitenrain_Bern" title="FC Breitenrain Bern">FC Breitenrain Bern</a>, founded in 1994, also play in Bern.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/SC_Bern" title="SC Bern">SC Bern</a> is the major ice hockey team of Bern which plays in the <a href="/wiki/PostFinance_Arena" title="PostFinance Arena">PostFinance Arena</a>. They compete in the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(ice_hockey)" title="National League (ice hockey)">National League</a> (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. The team has ranked highest in attendance for a European hockey team for more than a decade.<sup id="cite_ref-SCBernAttendence_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCBernAttendence-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PostFinance Arena was the main host of the <a href="/wiki/2009_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2009 IIHF World Championship">2009 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship</a>, including the opening game and the final of the tournament. </p><p>PostFinance Arena was also the host of the 2011 European Figure Skate Championships. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern_Cardinals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bern Cardinals (page does not exist)">Bern Cardinals</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">softball</a> team of Bern, which plays at the Allmend. </p><p>Bern Grizzlies is the <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> club in Bern (since 1985) and plays in the top level <a href="/wiki/Nationalliga_A_(American_football)" title="Nationalliga A (American football)">Nationalliga A (American football)</a> at Athletics Arena Wankdorf. The Grizzlies have been <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Bowl" title="Swiss Bowl">Swiss Bowl</a> champion six times. </p><p>Bern was a candidate to host the 2010 Winter Olympics, but withdrew its bid in September 2002 after a referendum was passed that showed that the bid was not supported by locals. Those games were eventually awarded to <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver, British Columbia</a>. </p><p>RC Bern is the local rugby club (since 1972) and plays at the Allmend. The ladies team was founded in 1995. </p><p>The locality of Bremgartenwald was home to the <a href="/wiki/Bremgarten_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bremgarten Circuit">Bremgarten Circuit</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_motor_racing" title="Grand Prix motor racing">Grand Prix motor racing</a> course that at one time hosted the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Grand_Prix" title="Swiss Grand Prix">Swiss Grand Prix</a>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern_Bears&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bern Bears (page does not exist)">Bern Bears</a> is an NGO Basketball Club since 2010 in city of Bern.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Grand_Prix" title="Swiss Grand Prix">Swiss Grand Prix</a> was held on the <a href="/wiki/Circuit_Bremgarten" title="Circuit Bremgarten">Circuit Bremgarten</a> street track from 1950 to 1954, with <a href="/wiki/MotoGP" class="mw-redirect" title="MotoGP">MotoGP</a> also running their <a href="/wiki/Swiss_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" title="Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix">Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix</a> from 1949 to 1954. The circuit eventually fell into disrepair after Switzerland banned motorsports after the <a href="/wiki/1955_Le_Mans_disaster" title="1955 Le Mans disaster">1955 Le Mans Disaster</a>, but they made an amendment in 2015 to host electric racing, which is how the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_ePrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss ePrix">Swiss ePrix</a> happened in 2019. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of  2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Bern had an unemployment rate of 3.3%. As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 259 people employed in the <a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">primary economic sector</a> and about 59 businesses involved in this sector. 16,413 people were employed in the <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">secondary sector</a> and there were 950 businesses in this sector. 135,973 people were employed in the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary sector</a>, with 7,654 businesses in this sector.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_44-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the total number of <a href="/wiki/Full-time_equivalent" title="Full-time equivalent">full-time equivalent</a> jobs was 125,037. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 203, of which 184 were in agriculture and 19 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 15,476 of which 7,650 or (49.4%) were in manufacturing, 51 or (0.3%) were in mining and 6,389 (41.3%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 109,358. In the tertiary sector; 11,396 or 10.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 10,293 or 9.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 5,090 or 4.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 7,302 or 6.7% were in the information industry, 8,437 or 7.7% were the insurance or financial industry, 10,660 or 9.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 5,338 or 4.9% were in education and 17,903 or 16.4% were in health care.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 94,367 workers who commuted into the municipality and 16,424 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 5.7 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving.<sup id="cite_ref-commuter_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commuter-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the working population, 50.6% used public transport to get to work, and 20.6% used a private car.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_44-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universit%C3%A4t_Bern_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_DSC05758.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Universit%C3%A4t_Bern_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_DSC05758.jpg/250px-Universit%C3%A4t_Bern_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_DSC05758.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Universit%C3%A4t_Bern_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_DSC05758.jpg/330px-Universit%C3%A4t_Bern_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_DSC05758.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Universit%C3%A4t_Bern_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_DSC05758.jpg/500px-Universit%C3%A4t_Bern_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_DSC05758.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3740" data-file-height="2068" /></a><figcaption>Main building of the University of Bern</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bern" title="University of Bern">University of Bern</a>, whose buildings are mainly located in the <i>Länggasse</i> quarter, is located in Bern, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Bern_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Bern University of Applied Sciences">University of Applied Sciences</a> (<i>Fachhochschule</i>) and several vocations schools. </p><p>In Bern, about 50,418 or (39.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland#Secondary" title="Education in Switzerland">upper secondary education</a>, and 24,311 or (18.9%) have completed additional higher education (either <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Switzerland" title="List of universities in Switzerland">university</a> or a <i><a href="/wiki/Fachhochschule" title="Fachhochschule">Fachhochschule</a></i>). Of the 24,311 who completed tertiary schooling, 51.6% were Swiss men, 33.0% were Swiss women, 8.9% were non-Swiss men and 6.5% were non-Swiss women.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergarten</a>, followed by six years of primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower secondary school where the pupils are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower secondary pupils may attend additional schooling or they may enter an <a href="/wiki/Apprenticeship" title="Apprenticeship">apprenticeship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 2009–10 school year, there were a total of 10,979 pupils attending classes in Bern. There were 89 kindergarten classes with a total of 1,641 pupils in the municipality. Of the kindergarten pupils, 32.4% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 40.2% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 266 primary classes and 5,040 pupils. Of the primary pupils, 30.1% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 35.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 151 lower secondary classes with a total of 2,581 pupils. There were 28.7% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 32.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language.<sup id="cite_ref-School_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-School-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notable schools in Bern include <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_Neufeld" title="Gymnasium Neufeld">Gymnasium Neufeld</a>. </p><p>Bern is home to 8 libraries. These libraries include; the Schweiz. Nationalbibliothek/ Bibliothèque nationale suisse, the <i>Universitätsbibliothek Bern</i>, the <i>Kornhausbibliotheken Bern</i>, the <i>BFH Wirtschaft und Verwaltung Bern</i>, the <i>BFH Gesundheit</i>, the <i>BFH Soziale Arbeit</i>, the <i>Hochschule der Künste Bern, Gestaltung und Kunst</i> and the <i>Hochschule der Künste Bern, Musikbibliothek</i>. There was a combined total (as of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) of 10,308,336 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 2,627,973 items were loaned out.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 9,045 pupils in Bern who came from another municipality, while 1,185 residents attended schools outside the municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-commuter_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commuter-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bern_tram_and_cathedral.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bern_tram_and_cathedral.png/250px-Bern_tram_and_cathedral.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bern_tram_and_cathedral.png/330px-Bern_tram_and_cathedral.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bern_tram_and_cathedral.png/500px-Bern_tram_and_cathedral.png 2x" data-file-width="3022" data-file-height="2171" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bern" title="Trams in Bern">Tram</a> on the Kirchenfeldbrücke, with the <a href="/wiki/Bern_Minster" title="Bern Minster">Bern Minster</a> and Casino Bern in the background</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/BERNMOBIL" class="mw-redirect" title="BERNMOBIL">BERNMOBIL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bern" title="Trams in Bern">Trams in Bern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Bern" title="Trolleybuses in Bern">Trolleybuses in Bern</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bern_S-Bahn" title="Bern S-Bahn">Bern S-Bahn</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bern is served by a dense network of trains, <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bern" title="Trams in Bern">trams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Bern" title="Trolleybuses in Bern">trolleybuses</a>, and conventional motorbuses. The <a href="/wiki/Bern_S-Bahn" title="Bern S-Bahn">Bern S-Bahn</a> is Switzerland's second busiest. </p><p>Bern is the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Libero-Tarifverbund" title="Libero-Tarifverbund">Libero tariff network</a>, which covers the cantons of Bern and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn</a> and includes the towns of <a href="/wiki/Biel/Bienne" title="Biel/Bienne">Biel/Bienne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thun" title="Thun">Thun</a>. The network allows easy and coordinated travel on all modes of public transport, such as trains, <a href="/wiki/PostBus_Switzerland" title="PostBus Switzerland">PostAuto buses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bern" title="Trams in Bern">trams</a>, buses (<a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Bern" title="Trolleybuses in Bern">trolleybuses</a> and motorbuses) and others, regardless of transport operator. Fares are based on the number of zones in a journey. The central part of Bern, (excluding <i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCmpliz" class="mw-redirect" title="Bümpliz">Bümpliz</a></i>, <i>Betlehem</i>, <i>Bottigen</i>, <i>Brünnen</i>, and <i>Riedbach</i> in the west of the municipality), is part of the fare zone <i>100</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bern_Hauptbahnhof_(2014).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bern_Hauptbahnhof_%282014%29.jpg/250px-Bern_Hauptbahnhof_%282014%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bern_Hauptbahnhof_%282014%29.jpg/330px-Bern_Hauptbahnhof_%282014%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bern_Hauptbahnhof_%282014%29.jpg/500px-Bern_Hauptbahnhof_%282014%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bern_railway_station" title="Bern railway station">Bern railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city is well served by railways, with the extensive S-Bahn network and many regional and international connections. <a href="/wiki/Bern_railway_station" title="Bern railway station">Bern's central railway station</a> (<i>Bahnhof Bern</i>) is Switzerland's second busiest station (164,800 passengers per weekday in 2022), and is the main transport hub in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Funicular_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Funicular railway">funicular railway</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Marzili_Funicular" title="Marzili Funicular">Marzilibahn</a> leads from the <i>Marzili</i> district to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Palace_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Palace of Switzerland">Federal Palace</a>. With a length of 106 m (348 ft), it is the second shortest public railway in Europe after the <a href="/wiki/Zagreb_funicular" class="mw-redirect" title="Zagreb funicular">Zagreb funicular</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_traffic">Road traffic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Road traffic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aar_bridges_in_Bern" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Aar bridges in Bern">Several Aare bridges</a> connect the old parts of the city with the newer districts outside of the peninsula. </p><p>Bern is well connected to other cities by several <a href="/wiki/Autobahns_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Autobahns of Switzerland">motorways</a> (<a href="/wiki/A1_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="A1 (Switzerland)">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/A12_motorway_(Switzerland)" title="A12 motorway (Switzerland)">A12</a>, <a href="/wiki/A6_motorway_(Switzerland)" title="A6 motorway (Switzerland)">A6</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport">Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bern_Airport" title="Bern Airport">Bern Airport</a> (colloquially called <i>Bern-Belp</i> or <i>Belpmoos</i>) located outside the city near the town of <a href="/wiki/Belp" title="Belp">Belp</a>, as of March 2021 mostly serves <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> and charter flights. <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Airport" title="Zurich Airport">Zurich Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Airport" title="Geneva Airport">Geneva Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/EuroAirport_Basel_Mulhouse_Freiburg" title="EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg">EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg</a> serve as gateways for air traffic, all reachable in less than two hours by <a href="/wiki/SBB_CFF_FFS" class="mw-redirect" title="SBB CFF FFS">train</a> or car from Bern. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bicycle_transport">Bicycle transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Bicycle transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city has made efforts to make Bern the "bicycle capital" of Switzerland through the creation of better infrastructure, such as dedicated cycle paths.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubliBike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubliBike (page does not exist)">PubliBike</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubliBike" class="extiw" title="de:PubliBike">de</a>]</span> operates a bike-sharing system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grynaeus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Grynaeus.jpg/140px-Grynaeus.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Grynaeus.jpg/210px-Grynaeus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Grynaeus.jpg/280px-Grynaeus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="1352" /></a><figcaption>J J Grynaeus</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BubenbergDenkmal_8406.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BubenbergDenkmal_8406.jpg/140px-BubenbergDenkmal_8406.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BubenbergDenkmal_8406.jpg/210px-BubenbergDenkmal_8406.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BubenbergDenkmal_8406.jpg/280px-BubenbergDenkmal_8406.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Adrian von Bubenberg</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_Fedorovna_by_unknown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Anna_Fedorovna_by_unknown.jpg/140px-Anna_Fedorovna_by_unknown.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Anna_Fedorovna_by_unknown.jpg/210px-Anna_Fedorovna_by_unknown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Anna_Fedorovna_by_unknown.jpg/280px-Anna_Fedorovna_by_unknown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="880" /></a><figcaption>Anna Feodorovna, early 1800s</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albrecht_von_Haller_1736.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Albrecht_von_Haller_1736.jpg/140px-Albrecht_von_Haller_1736.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Albrecht_von_Haller_1736.jpg/210px-Albrecht_von_Haller_1736.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Albrecht_von_Haller_1736.jpg/280px-Albrecht_von_Haller_1736.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2044" data-file-height="2616" /></a><figcaption>Albrecht von Haller, 1736</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer_-_restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer_-_restoration.jpg/140px-Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer_-_restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer_-_restoration.jpg/210px-Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer_-_restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer_-_restoration.jpg/280px-Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer_-_restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2523" data-file-height="3313" /></a><figcaption>Albert Einstein, 1921</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johann_Rudolf_Wyss_(der_J%C3%BCngere).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Johann_Rudolf_Wyss_%28der_J%C3%BCngere%29.jpg/140px-Johann_Rudolf_Wyss_%28der_J%C3%BCngere%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Johann_Rudolf_Wyss_%28der_J%C3%BCngere%29.jpg/210px-Johann_Rudolf_Wyss_%28der_J%C3%BCngere%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Johann_Rudolf_Wyss_%28der_J%C3%BCngere%29.jpg/280px-Johann_Rudolf_Wyss_%28der_J%C3%BCngere%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2739" data-file-height="3482" /></a><figcaption>Johann Rudolf Wyss</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Albert_Wyttenbach_-_Imagines_philologorum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Daniel_Albert_Wyttenbach_-_Imagines_philologorum.jpg/140px-Daniel_Albert_Wyttenbach_-_Imagines_philologorum.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Daniel_Albert_Wyttenbach_-_Imagines_philologorum.jpg/210px-Daniel_Albert_Wyttenbach_-_Imagines_philologorum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Daniel_Albert_Wyttenbach_-_Imagines_philologorum.jpg/280px-Daniel_Albert_Wyttenbach_-_Imagines_philologorum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Daniel Albert Wyttenbach</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lukas_Hartmann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Lukas_Hartmann.jpg/140px-Lukas_Hartmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Lukas_Hartmann.jpg/210px-Lukas_Hartmann.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Lukas_Hartmann.jpg/280px-Lukas_Hartmann.jpg 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="974" /></a><figcaption>Lukas Hartmann, 1985</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NiklausManuel1530.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/NiklausManuel1530.jpg/140px-NiklausManuel1530.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/NiklausManuel1530.jpg/210px-NiklausManuel1530.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/NiklausManuel1530.jpg/280px-NiklausManuel1530.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1720" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>Niklaus Manuel, 1530</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ManiMatter1970.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/ManiMatter1970.jpg/140px-ManiMatter1970.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/ManiMatter1970.jpg/210px-ManiMatter1970.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/ManiMatter1970.jpg/280px-ManiMatter1970.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2101" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>Mani Matter, 1970</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patricia_Kopatchinskaja_4_(c)_Marco_Borggreve.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Patricia_Kopatchinskaja_4_%28c%29_Marco_Borggreve.JPG/140px-Patricia_Kopatchinskaja_4_%28c%29_Marco_Borggreve.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Patricia_Kopatchinskaja_4_%28c%29_Marco_Borggreve.JPG/210px-Patricia_Kopatchinskaja_4_%28c%29_Marco_Borggreve.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Patricia_Kopatchinskaja_4_%28c%29_Marco_Borggreve.JPG/280px-Patricia_Kopatchinskaja_4_%28c%29_Marco_Borggreve.JPG 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Patricia Kopatchinskaja, 2012</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_servants,_the_military_and_the_church"><span id="Public_servants.2C_the_military_and_the_church"></span>Public servants, the military and the church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Public servants, the military and the church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Justinger" title="Conrad Justinger">Conrad Justinger</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1360</span>–1438) – chronicler, magistrate and notary public of the city of Bern</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Grynaeus" title="Johann Jakob Grynaeus">Johann Jakob Grynaeus</a> (1540–1617) – Protestant divine, a theologian of the school of <a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Huldrych Zwingli</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Scipio_von_Lentulus" title="Robert Scipio von Lentulus">Robert Scipio, Freiherr von Lentulus</a> (1714–1786) – military officer, in Austrian and later, Prussian service</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Han" title="Emmanuel Han">Emmanuel Han</a> (1801–1867) – military officer and <a href="/wiki/Philhellene" class="mw-redirect" title="Philhellene">philhellene</a>, fought in the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Breisky" title="Walter Breisky">Walter Breisky</a> (1871–1944) – Austrian jurist, civil servant and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalie_Dreyer" title="Rosalie Dreyer">Rosalie Dreyer</a> (1895–1987) – naturalized British nurse, pioneer in Britain's public-funded nursing service</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_R._Lindt" title="August R. Lindt">August R. Lindt</a> (1905–2000) – lawyer and diplomat, Chairman of <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> 1953–1954 and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UN High Commissioner for Refugees</a> 1956–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Hodler" title="Marc Hodler">Marc Hodler</a> (1918–2006) – lawyer, President of the International Ski Federation 1951–1998, exposed the <a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympic_bid_scandal" title="2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal">2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Urwyler" title="Hans Urwyler">Hans Urwyler</a> (1925–1994) – Christian minister of the <a href="/wiki/New_Apostolic_Church" title="New Apostolic Church">New Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a> (1938–2018 in Bern) – UN Secretary-General 1997–2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Paleckis" title="Algirdas Paleckis">Algirdas Paleckis</a> (born 1971) – Lithuanian diplomat, politician and columnist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politicians_and_the_landed_gentry">Politicians and the landed gentry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Politicians and the landed gentry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_von_Bubenberg" title="Adrian von Bubenberg">Adrian von Bubenberg</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1434</span>–1479) – Bernese knight, military commander and 3-time mayor (Schultheiss) of Bern, hero of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murten" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Murten">Battle of Murten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niklaus_Dachselhofer" title="Niklaus Dachselhofer">Niklaus Dachselhofer</a> (1595–1670) – Bernese politician, Schultheiss (mayor) of Bern 1636–1667</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_von_Graffenried,_1st_Baron_of_Bernberg" title="Christoph von Graffenried, 1st Baron of Bernberg">Christoph von Graffenried, 1st Baron of Bernberg</a> (1661–1743) – founder of <a href="/wiki/New_Bern,_North_Carolina" title="New Bern, North Carolina">New Bern, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Bondeli" title="Julie Bondeli">Susanna Julie von Bondeli</a> (1731–1778) – famous salonist and lady of letters, the salon became the center of intellectual life in Bern.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Juliane_of_Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld" title="Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld">Grand Duchess Anna Feodorovna of Russia</a> (1781 – Elfenau, near Bern 1860) – German princess of the ducal house of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a> (1814– 1876 in Bern) – Russian revolutionary anarchist.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Karl Schenk</a> (1823–1895) – pastor, politician; served on the Swiss Federal Council 1863–1895</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> (1870–1924) – lived in Bern 1914–1917</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Elisabeth_de_Meuron" title="Louise Elisabeth de Meuron">Louise Elisabeth de Meuron</a> (1882–1980) – aristocrat and eccentric personality in Bern</li> <li>Dom <a href="/wiki/Duarte_Pio,_Duke_of_Braganza" title="Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza">Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza</a> (born 1945) – claimant to the defunct Portuguese throne, as the head of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Braganza" title="House of Braganza">House of Braganza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regula_Rytz" title="Regula Rytz">Regula Rytz</a> (born 1962) – politician, sociologist and historian<sup id="cite_ref-woz-20111110_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woz-20111110-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_Wyss" title="Ursula Wyss">Ursula Wyss</a> (born 1973) – economist and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Li_Marti" title="Min Li Marti">Min Li Marti</a> (born 1974) – politician, publisher, sociologist and historian</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_academia">Science and academia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Science and academia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller">Albrecht von Haller</a> (1708–1777) – anatomist, physiologist, naturalist, bibliographer and poet<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Adolf_Otth" title="Carl Adolf Otth">Carl Adolf Otth</a> (1803–1839) – <a href="/wiki/Naturalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalist">naturalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Heinrich_Otth" title="Gustav Heinrich Otth">Gustav Heinrich Otth</a> (1806–1874) – <a href="/wiki/Mycologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycologist">mycologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Brunner_von_Wattenwyl" title="Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl">Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl</a> (1823–1914) – entomologist who specialised in <a href="/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera">Orthoptera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Fischer_(botanist)" title="Ludwig Fischer (botanist)">Ludwig Fischer</a> (1828–1907) – botanist, researched <a href="/wiki/Phanerogams" class="mw-redirect" title="Phanerogams">phanerogams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cryptogams" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptogams">cryptogams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Francis_Alphonse_Bandelier" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier">Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier</a> (1840–1914) – American archaeologist.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Emil Theodor Kocher</a> (1841–1917) – physician and medical researcher, received the 1909 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> for work on the thyroid<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Klebs" title="Arnold Klebs">Arnold Klebs</a> (1870–1943) – physician who specialized in the study of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Tumarkin" title="Anna Tumarkin">Anna Tumarkin</a> (1875–1951) – Russian-born, naturalized Swiss academic, the first woman to become a professor of philosophy at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bern" title="University of Bern">University of Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> (1879–1955) – worked out his <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_relativity" title="Theory of relativity">theory of relativity</a> while living in Bern, employed as a <a href="/wiki/Patent_examiner" title="Patent examiner">patent examiner</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Institute_of_Intellectual_Property" title="Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property">patent office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Hoff" title="Ida Hoff">Ida Hoff</a> (1880–1952) – pioneering doctor, feminist activist, early regular female motorist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_F%C3%A9lix_Tschiffely" title="Aimé Félix Tschiffely">Aimé Félix Tschiffely</a> (1895–1954) – Swiss-born, Argentine professor, writer and equestrian adventurer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Albert_Einstein" title="Hans Albert Einstein">Hans Albert Einstein</a> (1904–1973) – Swiss-American engineer and educator, the second child and first son of <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Tinner" title="Friedrich Tinner">Friedrich Tinner</a> (born 1937) – nuclear engineer connected with the proliferation of nuclear materials in Iran, Libya, and North Korea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Rosiny" title="Claudia Rosiny">Claudia Rosiny</a> (born 1960) – German-Swiss academic in Dance and Media studies, a festival director and cultural manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Mojon" title="Daniel Mojon">Daniel Mojon</a> (born 1963) – ophthalmologist and ophthalmic surgeon, invented minimally-invasive <a href="/wiki/Strabismus_surgery" title="Strabismus surgery">strabismus surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_J%C3%BCni" title="Peter Jüni">Peter Jüni</a> (born <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1975</span>) – scientific director of the Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, works at <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Hospital_(Toronto)" title="St. Michael's Hospital (Toronto)">St. Michael's Hospital (Toronto)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing_and_acting">Writing and acting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Writing and acting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Boner" title="Ulrich Boner">Ulrich Boner</a> or Bonerius (early 14th century) – German-speaking Swiss writer of fable<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_R%C3%BCte" title="Hans von Rüte">Hans von Rüte</a> (died 1558) – Bernese dramatist and chronicler of the Swiss Reformation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_David_Wyss" title="Johann David Wyss">Johann David Wyss</a> (1743–1818) – author, best remembered for <a href="/wiki/The_Swiss_Family_Robinson" title="The Swiss Family Robinson">The Swiss Family Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Victor_de_Bonstetten" title="Charles Victor de Bonstetten">Charles Victor de Bonstetten</a> (1745–1832) – liberal writer<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Albert_Wyttenbach" title="Daniel Albert Wyttenbach">Daniel Albert Wyttenbach</a> (1746–1820) – German Swiss classical scholar<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Rudolf_Wyss" title="Johann Rudolf Wyss">Johann Rudolf Wyss</a> (1782–1830) – author, writer, and folklorist who wrote the words to the former Swiss national anthem<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Monnard" title="Charles Monnard">Charles Monnard</a> (1790–1865) – historian and member of the <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Society" title="Helvetic Society">Helvetic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_O._Carter" title="Vincent O. Carter">Vincent O. Carter</a> (1924–1983) – American writer, author of <i>The Bern Book</i><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_Urfer" title="Selma Urfer">Selma Urfer</a> (1928–2013) – author, translator and actress<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liselotte_Pulver" title="Liselotte Pulver">Liselotte Pulver</a> (born 1929) – actress, well known for her hearty and joyful laughter<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bigna_Francis-von_Wyttenbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bigna Francis-von Wyttenbach (page does not exist)">Bigna Francis-von Wyttenbach</a> (1930–2021) – Swiss writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_R%C3%A9nier" title="Yves Rénier">Yves Rénier</a> (1942–2021) – French actor, director, screenwriter and voice actor<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukas_Hartmann" title="Lukas Hartmann">Lukas Hartmann</a> (born 1944) – children's writer, Switzerland's "first husband" in 2015</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Lian_(poet)" title="Yang Lian (poet)">Yang Lian</a> (born 1955) – Swiss-Chinese poet associated with the <a href="/wiki/Misty_Poets" title="Misty Poets">Misty Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibylle_Canonica" title="Sibylle Canonica">Sibylle Canonica</a> (born 1957) – actress, has appeared in more than forty films since 1981<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Delnon" title="Georges Delnon">Georges Delnon</a> (born 1958) – theatre director, artistic director and professor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabine_Timoteo" title="Sabine Timoteo">Sabine Timoteo</a> (born 1975) – actress<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzom_Brauen" title="Yangzom Brauen">Yangzom Brauen</a> (born 1980) – actress, activist and writer<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleo_von_Adelsheim" title="Cleo von Adelsheim">Cleo von Adelsheim</a> (born 1987) – German-Chilean actress<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artists,_painters_and_musicians"><span id="Artists.2C_painters_and_musicians"></span>Artists, painters and musicians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Artists, painters and musicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niklaus_Manuel_Deutsch" title="Niklaus Manuel Deutsch">Niklaus Manuel Deutsch</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1484</span>–1530) – artist, writer, mercenary and Reformed politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kauw" title="Albrecht Kauw">Albrecht Kauw</a> (1621–1681) – still-life painter, cartographer and a painter of <a href="/wiki/Vedute" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedute">vedute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lory" title="Gabriel Lory">Gabriel Lory</a> the Elder (1763–1840) – Bernese landscape painter and illustrator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Hodler" title="Ferdinand Hodler">Ferdinand Hodler</a> (1853–1918) – painter of portraits, landscapes and genre paintings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Wenger" title="Lisa Wenger">Lisa Wenger</a> (1858–1941) – painter and author of children's books</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_W%C3%B6lfli" title="Adolf Wölfli">Adolf Wölfli</a> (1864–1930) – artist associated with <a href="/wiki/Art_brut" class="mw-redirect" title="Art brut">Art brut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Zuricher" title="Bertha Zuricher">Bertha Zuricher</a> (1869–1949) – author, painter and engraver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkmar_Andreae" title="Volkmar Andreae">Volkmar Andreae</a> (1879–1962) – conductor and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Blom" title="Eric Blom">Eric Blom</a> CBE (1888–1959) – British-naturalised music lexicographer, musicologist, music critic and music <a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">biographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Huber" title="Klaus Huber">Klaus Huber</a> (1924–2017) – composer and academic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrit_Zimmermann" title="Margrit Zimmermann">Margrit Zimmermann</a> (1927–2020) – pianist, composer, conductor and music educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_Matter" title="Mani Matter">Mani Matter</a> (1936–1972) – singer-songwriter<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Zoss" title="Roland Zoss">Roland Zoss</a> (born 1951) – songwriter and novelist, lives on the <a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Islands" title="Aeolian Islands">Aeolian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Lauterburg" title="Christine Lauterburg">Christine Lauterburg</a> (born 1956) – singer, yodeler and actress<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Kopatchinskaja" title="Patricia Kopatchinskaja">Patricia Kopatchinskaja</a> (born 1977) – Moldovan-Austrian-Swiss violinist</li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zora_Slokar" class="extiw" title="de:Zora Slokar">Zora Slokar</a>, (born 1980) horn player with <a href="/wiki/Orchestra_della_Svizzera_Italiana" title="Orchestra della Svizzera Italiana">Orchestra della Svizzera Italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_H%C3%A4nni" title="Luca Hänni">Luca Hänni</a> (born 1994) – singer-songwriter, dancer, and model, Swiss representative at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2019">2019 Eurovision Song Contest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Bausilio" title="Giuseppe Bausilio">Giuseppe Bausilio</a> (born 1997) – actor, dancer, and singer<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business">Business</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Rudolf_Tschiffeli" title="Johann Rudolf Tschiffeli">Johann Rudolf Tschiffeli</a> (1716–1780) – agronomist, a wealthy merchant, economist, and lawyer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Rudolf_Frisching" title="Franz Rudolf Frisching">Franz Rudolf Frisching</a> (1733–1807) – Bernese patrician, officer, politician, founded the <a href="/wiki/Frisching_Faience_Manufactory" title="Frisching Faience Manufactory">Frisching Faience Manufactory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Lindt" title="Rodolphe Lindt">Rodolphe Lindt</a> (1855–1909) – chocolate manufacturer, founded the <a href="/wiki/Lindt_%26_Spr%C3%BCngli" class="mw-redirect" title="Lindt & Sprüngli">Lindt chocolate factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Alvoni" title="Marianne Alvoni">Marianne Alvoni</a> (born 1964) – fashion designer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Otto_Hess_by_Carl_Horner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Otto_Hess_by_Carl_Horner.jpg/250px-Otto_Hess_by_Carl_Horner.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Otto_Hess_by_Carl_Horner.jpg/330px-Otto_Hess_by_Carl_Horner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="841" /></a><figcaption>Otto Hess, c. 1906</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jenni_2013-04-15.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Jenni_2013-04-15.JPG/140px-Jenni_2013-04-15.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Jenni_2013-04-15.JPG/210px-Jenni_2013-04-15.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Jenni_2013-04-15.JPG/280px-Jenni_2013-04-15.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2319" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Jennifer Oehrli, 2013</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Alessandrini" title="Elia Alessandrini">Elia Alessandrini</a> (1997–2022), footballer, prospect player for the <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_national_football_team" title="Switzerland national football team">Switzerland national football team</a>, died from drowning in Oman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_d%27Ursel" title="Philippe d'Ursel">Philippe Marie Eugène, Count d'Ursel</a> (1920–2017), was a Swiss-born Belgian alpine skier and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Ursel_family" title="Ursel family">Ursel family</a>, competed at the <a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">1948 Winter Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanja_Frieden" title="Tanja Frieden">Tanja Frieden</a> (born 1976), snowboarder and gold medallist at the <a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Winter Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerino_Gottardi" title="Guerino Gottardi">Guerino Gottardi</a> (born 1970), a retired Swiss-Italian footballer, almost 250 club caps</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Hess" title="Otto Hess">Otto Hess</a> (1878–1926), pitcher for the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Bronchos" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland Bronchos">Cleveland Bronchos</a> 1902 and 1904–08 and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Boston_Braves" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Boston Braves">Boston Braves</a> 1912–15</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Jacobacci" title="Maurizio Jacobacci">Maurizio Jacobacci</a> (born 1963), Italian-Swiss football manager and former player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Josi" title="Roman Josi">Roman Josi</a> (born 1990), professional ice hockey player, selected to play for Switzerland at the <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Winter Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_K%C3%A4ch" title="Arnold Käch">Arnold Käch</a> (1914–1998), military officer, skier, ski official and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Kauter" title="Christian Kauter">Christian Kauter</a> (born 1947), fencer, silver medallist in the team épée at the <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Summer Olympics</a> and bronze medallist at the <a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominik_M%C3%A4rki" title="Dominik Märki">Dominik Märki</a> (born 1990), Swiss curler, living in <a href="/wiki/Fayetteville,_Arkansas" title="Fayetteville, Arkansas">Fayetteville, Arkansas</a>, bronze medallist in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018 Winter Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrg_Marmet" title="Jürg Marmet">Jürg Marmet</a> (1927–2013), mountaineer, part of the first two-man Swiss team which climbed <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a> in 1956</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Musy" title="Benoît Musy">Benoît Musy</a> (1917–1956), racing driver and motorcycle racer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maja_Neuenschwander" title="Maja Neuenschwander">Maja Neuenschwander</a> (born 1980), long-distance runner who competes in marathon races</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Oehrli" title="Jennifer Oehrli">Jennifer Oehrli</a> (born 1989), football goalkeeper, member of the <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_women%27s_national_football_team" title="Switzerland women's national football team">Switzerland women's national football team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirjam_Ott" title="Mirjam Ott">Mirjam Ott</a> (born 1972), retired curler, captain of the Swiss Olympic Curling Team</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Richard_(racing_driver)" title="Kris Richard (racing driver)">Kris Richard</a> (born 1994), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markus_Ryffel" title="Markus Ryffel">Markus Ryffel</a> (born 1955), former long-distance runner, silver medallist in the 5000 metres at the <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Schmid" title="Akira Schmid">Akira Schmid</a> (born 2000), professional ice hockey goaltender with the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils" title="New Jersey Devils">New Jersey Devils</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Schmied" title="Ernst Schmied">Ernst Schmied</a> (1924–2002), mountaineer, the second successful summiteer of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a> in 1956</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Staubli" title="Esther Staubli">Esther Staubli</a> (born 1979), football referee, on the FIFA International Referees List since 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willi_Steffen" title="Willi Steffen">Willi Steffen</a> (1925–2005), former fighter pilot and international footballer, won 28 caps for his country</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_St%C3%BCckelberger" title="Christine Stückelberger">Christine Stückelberger</a> (born 1947), retired equestrian, gold medallist in dressage at the <a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Summer Olympics</a> compete at six Olympics: 1972, 1976, 1984, 1988, 1996 and 2000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Sutter" title="Alain Sutter">Alain Sutter</a> (born 1968), footballer, 351 club caps, 58 national team caps</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Bern" title="Municipalities of the canton of Bern">Municipalities of the canton of Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Switzerland" title="Tourism in Switzerland">Tourism in Switzerland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Alemannic German language">Alemannic German</a>: <i lang="gsw">Bärn</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gsw-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">[b̥æːrn]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arpitan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arpitan language">Arpitan</a>: <i lang="frp">Bèrna</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="frp-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal">[ˈbɛʁna]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c1\/Frp-greverin-B%C3%AArna.ogg\/Frp-greverin-B%C3%AArna.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Frp-greverin-B\u00earna.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Frp-greverin-B%C3%AArna.ogg/Frp-greverin-B%C3%AArna.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Frp-greverin-B%C3%AArna.ogg" title="File:Frp-greverin-Bêrna.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Berna</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈbɛrna]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: <i lang="rm">Berna</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="rm-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">[ˈbɛrnɐ]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/38\/Roh-Berna.ogg\/Roh-Berna.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Berna.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/Roh-Berna.ogg/Roh-Berna.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Berna.ogg" title="File:Roh-Berna.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeFacto-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeFacto_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Switzerland has no <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> capital</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">German: <i lang="de">Bundesstadt</i>; French: <i lang="fr">ville fédérale</i>; Italian: <i lang="it">città federale</i>; Romansh: <i lang="rm">citad federala</i>. According to the Swiss constitution, the Swiss Confederation intentionally has no "capital", but Bern has governmental institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Federal Assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Federal Council</a>. However, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland">Federal Supreme Court</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Criminal_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Criminal Court of Switzerland">Federal Criminal Court</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Administrative_Court_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Administrative Court (Switzerland)">Federal Administrative Court</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Patent_Court_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Patent Court (Switzerland)">Federal Patent Court</a> are in <a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a>, exemplifying the federal nature of the Confederation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The official language in any municipality in German-speaking Switzerland is always German. In this context, the term 'German' is used as an umbrella term for any variety of German. So, according to law, people are allowed to communicate with the authorities by using any kind of German, in written or oral form. However, the authorities will always use <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">Swiss Standard German</a> (aka the Swiss variety of <a href="/wiki/Standard_German" title="Standard German">Standard German</a>) in documents, or any written form. And orally, it is either <i>Hochdeutsch</i> (i.e., Swiss Standard German or what the particular speaker considers as <i>High German</i>), or then it depends on the speaker's origin, which dialectal variant they are using.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/raum-umwelt/bodennutzung-bedeckung/gesamtspektrum-regionalen-stufen/gemeinden.html">"Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen"</a>. Federal Statistical Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arealstatistik+Standard+-+Gemeinden+nach+4+Hauptbereichen&rft.pub=Federal+Statistical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fde%2Fhome%2Fstatistiken%2Fraum-umwelt%2Fbodennutzung-bedeckung%2Fgesamtspektrum-regionalen-stufen%2Fgemeinden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-7f97606afd925732b792729f5ac227eefd5faad1-v18-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-7f97606afd925732b792729f5ac227eefd5faad1-v18_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1">. Federal Statistical Office <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/">https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Federal+Statistical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch%2Fpxweb%2Fde%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-deFacto-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-deFacto_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHolenstein2012" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Holenstein, André (2012), "Die Hauptstadt existiert nicht" [The capital does not exist], <i>UniPress - Forschung und Wissenschaft an der Universität Bern</i>, UniPress (in German), no. UniPress 152: Die Hauptstatdtregion, Bern: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bern" title="University of Bern">University of Bern</a>, pp. <span class="nowrap">16–</span>19, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7892%2Fboris.41280">10.7892/boris.41280</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:178237847">178237847</a>, <q>Als 1848 ein politisch-administratives Zentrum für den neuen Bundesstaat zu bestimmen war, verzichteten die Verfassungsväter darauf, eine Hauptstadt der Schweiz zu bezeichnen und formulierten stattdessen in Artikel 108: «Alles, was sich auf den Sitz der Bundesbehörden bezieht, ist Gegenstand der Bundesgesetzgebung.» Die Bundesstadt ist also nicht mehr und nicht weniger als der Sitz der Bundesbehörden.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UniPress+-+Forschung+und+Wissenschaft+an+der+Universit%C3%A4t+Bern&rft.atitle=Die+Hauptstadt+existiert+nicht&rft.issue=UniPress+152%3A+Die+Hauptstatdtregion&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E16-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7892%2Fboris.41280&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A178237847%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Holenstein&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StatBern-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StatBern_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bern.ch/themen/stadt-recht-und-politik/bern-in-zahlen/in_kuerze">"Bern in Zahlen: Aktuelles"</a> (official site) (in German). Bern, Switzerland: City of Bern<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Federal Statistical Office, Neuchâtel, Swiss Federal Administration. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/agglomerationen.html">the original</a> on 4 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+size+and+population+composition+%E2%80%93+Data%2C+indicators+%E2%80%93+Agglomerations%3A+Permanent+resident+population+in+urban+and+rural+areas&rft.pub=Federal+Statistical+Office%2C+Neuch%C3%A2tel%2C+Swiss+Federal+Administration&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fthemen%2F01%2F02%2Fblank%2Fkey%2Fraeumliche_verteilung%2Fagglomerationen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012094859/http://www.are.admin.ch/themen/agglomeration/00641/03373/index.html?lang=fr">"Office fédéral du développement territorial ARE – B3: Les aires métropolitaines"</a> (in French, German, and Italian). Federal Office for Spatial Development ARE. 7 June 2006. p. 4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.are.admin.ch/themen/agglomeration/00641/03373/index.html?lang=fr">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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UNESCO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120302170808/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/267">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+List&rft.atitle=Old+City+of+Berne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMüllerTremp2013" class="citation web cs1">Müller, Wulf; Tremp, Ernst (13 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/008562/2013-11-13/">"Üchtland"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111083752/https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/008562/2013-11-13/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Switzerland&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cchtland&rft.date=2013-11-13&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Wulf&rft.au=Tremp%2C+Ernst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhls-dhs-dss.ch%2Fde%2Farticles%2F008562%2F2013-11-13%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andres Kristol (ed.): Lexikon der schweizerischen Gemeindenamen. Huber, Frauenfeld 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7193-1308-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-7193-1308-5">3-7193-1308-5</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bern: Development of the settlement and the population</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D209.php"><span title="Bern: Development of the settlement and the population in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F209.php"><span title="Bern: Development of the settlement and the population in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I209.php"><span title="Bern: Development of the settlement and the population in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIllien2020" class="citation news cs1">Illien, Noele (19 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/19/banking-slavery-switzerland-examines-its-colonial-conscience">"Banking and slavery: Switzerland examines its colonial conscience"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Banking+and+slavery%3A+Switzerland+examines+its+colonial+conscience&rft.date=2020-11-19&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Illien&rft.aufirst=Noele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fnov%2F19%2Fbanking-slavery-switzerland-examines-its-colonial-conscience&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBertholetKapossy2023" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bertholet, Auguste; Kapossy, Béla (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sgeaj.ch/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/bertholet-kapossy-la-physiocratie-et-la-suisse-2023.pdf"><i>La Physiocratie et la Suisse</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). Geneva: Slatkine. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782051029391" title="Special:BookSources/9782051029391"><bdi>9782051029391</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Physiocratie+et+la+Suisse&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=Slatkine&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9782051029391&rft.aulast=Bertholet&rft.aufirst=Auguste&rft.au=Kapossy%2C+B%C3%A9la&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sgeaj.ch%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F12%2Fbertholet-kapossy-la-physiocratie-et-la-suisse-2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Ernst Bollinger: <i>Gazette de Bern</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D043041.php"><span title="Gazette de Bern in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F043041.php"><span title="Gazette de Bern in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I043041.php"><span title="Gazette de Bern in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephens)2018" class="citation web cs1">Stephens), (Translated from French by Thomas (28 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/-federal-city-_why-is-bern-the-capital-of-switzerland-/44577476">"Why is Bern the capital of Switzerland?"</a>. <i>SWI swissinfo.ch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SWI+swissinfo.ch&rft.atitle=Why+is+Bern+the+capital+of+Switzerland%3F&rft.date=2018-11-28&rft.aulast=Stephens%29&rft.aufirst=%28Translated+from+French+by+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Feng%2Fpolitics%2F-federal-city-_why-is-bern-the-capital-of-switzerland-%2F44577476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">municipal statistics,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.bern.ch/leben_in_bern/stadt/statistik/in_kuerze">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101222114804/http://www.bern.ch/leben_in_bern/stadt/statistik/in_kuerze">Archived</a> 22 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> includes 6,816 weekend commuters not included in the federal statistics of 123,466.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126162846/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/dos/result.html">"Statistik Schweiz - Aktuellste Daten"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/dos/result.html">the original</a> on 26 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistik+Schweiz+-+Aktuellste+Daten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fthemen%2F01%2F02%2Fblank%2Fdos%2Fresult.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BFS_land-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BFS_land_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BFS_land_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/raum-umwelt/bodennutzung-bedeckung/gesamtspektrum-regionalen-stufen/gemeinden.assetdetail.11007176.html">Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200816160612/https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/raum-umwelt/bodennutzung-bedeckung/gesamtspektrum-regionalen-stufen/gemeinden.assetdetail.11007176.html">Archived</a> 16 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 2018 data <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed 26 July 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/BER/climsheet_BER_np8110_e.pdf">"Bern 1981–2010 Averages"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831040457/http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/BER/climsheet_BER_np8110_e.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 31 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bern+1981%E2%80%932010+Averages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteoswiss.admin.ch%2Fproduct%2Foutput%2Fclimate-data%2Fclimate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing%2FBER%2Fclimsheet_BER_np8110_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/indicesmapdetail.php?seasonid=14&year=2003&indexid=TXx&stationid=1644">"August 2003"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831000704/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/indicesmapdetail.php?seasonid=14&year=2003&indexid=TXx&stationid=1644">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=August+2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feca.knmi.nl%2Futils%2Findicesmapdetail.php%3Fseasonid%3D14%26year%3D2003%26indexid%3DTXx%26stationid%3D1644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=TXx&stationid=1644">"Annual Average Maximum"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830235308/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=TXx&stationid=1644">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Average+Maximum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feca.knmi.nl%2Futils%2Fcalcdetail.php%3Fseasonid%3D0%26periodid%3D1981-2010%26indexid%3DTXx%26stationid%3D1644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/showindices.php?8cqn7s151crijdl1udd83b5493">"February 1929"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830235148/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/showindices.php?8cqn7s151crijdl1udd83b5493">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=February+1929&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feca.knmi.nl%2Futils%2Fshowindices.php%3F8cqn7s151crijdl1udd83b5493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=TNn&stationid=1644">"Annual Average Minimum"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831000407/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=TNn&stationid=1644">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Average+Minimum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feca.knmi.nl%2Futils%2Fcalcdetail.php%3Fseasonid%3D0%26periodid%3D1981-2010%26indexid%3DTNn%26stationid%3D1644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA1_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241211034258/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Switzerland/CSV/BernZollikofen_06631.csv">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020"</a>. <i>World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)</i>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Switzerland/CSV/BernZollikofen_06631.csv">the original</a> on 11 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climatological+Standard+Normals+%281991%E2%80%932020%29&rft.atitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1991%E2%80%932020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fdata%2Foceans%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F5.5%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FSwitzerland%2FCSV%2FBernZollikofen_06631.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MeteoSwiss-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MeteoSwiss_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220114033933/https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/BER/climsheet_BER_np9120_e.pdf">"Climate Normals Bern / Zollikofen (Reference period 1991−2020)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Swiss Federal Office of Metreology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss. 13 January 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/BER/climsheet_BER_np9120_e.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Normals+Bern+%2F+Zollikofen+%28Reference+period+1991%E2%88%922020%29&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Office+of+Metreology+and+Climatology%2C+MeteoSwiss&rft.date=2022-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteoswiss.admin.ch%2Fproduct%2Foutput%2Fclimate-data%2Fclimate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing%2FBER%2Fclimsheet_BER_np9120_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eca.knmi.nl/indicesextremes/customquerytimeseriesplots.php?optionSelected=station&processtext1=Your+query+is+being+processed.+Please+wait...&countryselect=All+countries%7C**&stationselect=BERN%2FZOLLIKOFEN%5Bch%5D%7C1644&categoryselect=All+categories%7C**&indexselect=All+indices%7C**&seasonselect=ANNUAL%7C0&processtext2=Your+query+is+being+processed.+Please+wait...">"Bern extreme values"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KNMI_(institute)" class="mw-redirect" title="KNMI (institute)">KNMI</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bern+extreme+values&rft.pub=KNMI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feca.knmi.nl%2Findicesextremes%2Fcustomquerytimeseriesplots.php%3FoptionSelected%3Dstation%26processtext1%3DYour%2Bquery%2Bis%2Bbeing%2Bprocessed.%2BPlease%2Bwait...%26countryselect%3DAll%2Bcountries%257C%2A%2A%26stationselect%3DBERN%252FZOLLIKOFEN%255Bch%255D%257C1644%26categoryselect%3DAll%2Bcategories%257C%2A%2A%26indexselect%3DAll%2Bindices%257C%2A%2A%26seasonselect%3DANNUAL%257C0%26processtext2%3DYour%2Bquery%2Bis%2Bbeing%2Bprocessed.%2BPlease%2Bwait...&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-election-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-election_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-election_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bern.ch/mediencenter/medienmitteilungen/aktuell_ptk/drei-neue-gemeinderatsmitglieder-gewaehlt-bisherige-bestaetigt">"Drei neue Gemeinderatsmitglieder gewählt – Bisherige bestätigt"</a> (official site) (in German). Bern, Switzerland: City of Bern. 24 November 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drei+neue+Gemeinderatsmitglieder+gew%C3%A4hlt+%E2%80%93+Bisherige+best%C3%A4tigt&rft.place=Bern%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=City+of+Bern&rft.date=2024-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bern.ch%2Fmediencenter%2Fmedienmitteilungen%2Faktuell_ptk%2Fdrei-neue-gemeinderatsmitglieder-gewaehlt-bisherige-bestaetigt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GR_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GR_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bern.ch/politik-und-verwaltung/gemeinderat">"Gemeinderat"</a> (official site) (in German). Bern, Switzerland: City of Bern. 1 January 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gemeinderat&rft.place=Bern%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=City+of+Bern&rft.date=2025-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bern.ch%2Fpolitik-und-verwaltung%2Fgemeinderat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bern.ch/politik-und-verwaltung/stadtverwaltung/sk">"Stadtkanzlei"</a> (official site) (in German). City of Bern<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stadtkanzlei&rft.pub=City+of+Bern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bern.ch%2Fpolitik-und-verwaltung%2Fstadtverwaltung%2Fsk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bern.ch/mediencenter/medienmitteilungen/aktuell_ptk/claudia-mannhart-als-neue-stadtschreiberin-gewaehlt">"Claudia Mannhart als neue Stadtschreiberin gewählt"</a> (official site) (in German). City of Bern. 28 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Claudia+Mannhart+als+neue+Stadtschreiberin+gew%C3%A4hlt&rft.pub=City+of+Bern&rft.date=2021-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bern.ch%2Fmediencenter%2Fmedienmitteilungen%2Faktuell_ptk%2Fclaudia-mannhart-als-neue-stadtschreiberin-gewaehlt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SR-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SR_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SR_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bern.ch/politik-und-verwaltung/stadtrat/mitglieder">"Stadtrat; Mitglieder"</a> (official site) (in German). Bern, Switzerland: Ratssekretariat des Stadtrats, Stadt Bern. 1 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stadtrat%3B+Mitglieder&rft.place=Bern%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Ratssekretariat+des+Stadtrats%2C+Stadt+Bern&rft.date=2021-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bern.ch%2Fpolitik-und-verwaltung%2Fstadtrat%2Fmitglieder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwiss_Federal_Statistical_Office,_FSO2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Swiss Federal Statistical Office, FSO, ed. (28 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfsstatic/dam/assets/9386461/appendix">"NR - Ergebnisse Parteien (Gemeinden) (INT1)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(CSV)</span> (official statistics) (in German, French, and Italian). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Office, FSO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200811013939/https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfsstatic/dam/assets/9386461/appendix">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2020</span> – via opendata.swiss.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NR+-+Ergebnisse+Parteien+%28Gemeinden%29+%28INT1%29&rft.place=Neuch%C3%A2tel%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Statistical+Office%2C+FSO&rft.date=2019-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfsstatic%2Fdam%2Fassets%2F9386461%2Fappendix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwiss_Federal_Statistical_Office,_FSO2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Swiss Federal Statistical Office, FSO, ed. (28 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfsstatic/dam/assets/9386463/appendix">"NR - Wahlbeteiligung (Gemeinden) (INT1)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(CSV)</span> (official statistics) (in German, French, and Italian). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Office, FSO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200811014252/https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfsstatic/dam/assets/9386463/appendix">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2020</span> – via opendata.swiss.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NR+-+Wahlbeteiligung+%28Gemeinden%29+%28INT1%29&rft.place=Neuch%C3%A2tel%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Statistical+Office%2C+FSO&rft.date=2019-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfsstatic%2Fdam%2Fassets%2F9386463%2Fappendix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160802003536/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html">"Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden"</a> (official statistics) (in German and French). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 4 March 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> on 2 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nationalratswahlen+2015%3A+St%C3%A4rke+der+Parteien+und+Wahlbeteiligung+nach+Gemeinden&rft.place=Neuch%C3%A2tel%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Statistical+Office&rft.date=2016-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fthemen%2F17%2F02%2Fblank%2Fdata%2F07%2F03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bern.ch/mediencenter/aktuell_ptk_sta/2006-05-salzburg?searchterm=partnerschaft">"EURO 2008 – Partnerschaft von Stadt und Kanton Bern sowie mit Stadt und Land Salzburg"</a>. <i>bern.ch</i> (in German). Abteilung Kommunikation und Amt für Information, City of Bern. 30 May 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070943/http://www.bern.ch/mediencenter/aktuell_ptk_sta/2006-05-salzburg?searchterm=partnerschaft">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2014</span>. <q>…in einer gemeinsamen Erklärung die Absicht bekundet, mittels einer zeitlich befristeten Partnerschaft zwischen den Städten und Ländern…</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bern.ch&rft.atitle=EURO+2008+%E2%80%93+Partnerschaft+von+Stadt+und+Kanton+Bern+sowie+mit+Stadt+und+Land+Salzburg&rft.date=2006-05-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bern.ch%2Fmediencenter%2Faktuell_ptk_sta%2F2006-05-salzburg%3Fsearchterm%3Dpartnerschaft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121130053840/http://www.bern.ch/stadtrat/sitzungen/termine/2008/08.000236/file">"Interpellation Fraktion SP/JUSO Andreas Flückiger/Markus Lüthi, SP): Das orange Wunder von Bern: Diese Freundschaft muss gepflegt werden! Was können wir tun?"</a>. <i>bern.ch</i> (in German). Der Gemeinderat (Municipal Council). 22 October 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bern.ch/stadtrat/sitzungen/termine/2008/08.000236/file">the original</a> on 30 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2014</span>. <q>Bisher hat die Stadt Bern bewusst auf eine Städtepartnerschaft verzichtet</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bern.ch&rft.atitle=Interpellation+Fraktion+SP%2FJUSO+Andreas+Fl%C3%BCckiger%2FMarkus+L%C3%BCthi%2C+SP%29%3A+Das+orange+Wunder+von+Bern%3A+Diese+Freundschaft+muss+gepflegt+werden%21+Was+k%C3%B6nnen+wir+tun%3F&rft.date=2008-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bern.ch%2Fstadtrat%2Fsitzungen%2Ftermine%2F2008%2F08.000236%2Ffile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/en/px-x-4004000000_101/-/px-x-4004000000_101.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=513a4f6a-09be-49d1-99c7-23421ad2dd49">"Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, 1850-2000"</a> [Population development according to institutional divisions, 1850-2000]. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Statistical_Office_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Statistical Office (Switzerland)">Federal Statistical Office</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung+nach+institutionellen+Gliederungen%2C+1850-2000&rft.pub=Federal+Statistical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch%2Fpxweb%2Fen%2Fpx-x-4004000000_101%2F-%2Fpx-x-4004000000_101.px%2Ftable%2FtableViewLayout2%2F%3Frxid%3D513a4f6a-09be-49d1-99c7-23421ad2dd49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/en/px-x-0102010000_101/-/px-x-0102010000_101.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=18b2f0c5-2cf6-4847-9f6f-3f23d3e7129d">"Permanent resident population by Year, Canton / District / Commune"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Statistical_Office_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Statistical Office (Switzerland)">Federal Statistical Office</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Permanent+resident+population+by+Year%2C+Canton+%2F+District+%2F+Commune&rft.pub=Federal+Statistical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch%2Fpxweb%2Fen%2Fpx-x-0102010000_101%2F-%2Fpx-x-0102010000_101.px%2Ftable%2FtableViewLayout2%2F%3Frxid%3D18b2f0c5-2cf6-4847-9f6f-3f23d3e7129d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stat2020_BE-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stat2020_BE_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/px-x-0102020000_201">"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit"</a>. <i>bfs.admin.ch</i> (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bfs.admin.ch&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4ndige+und+nichtst%C3%A4ndige+Wohnbev%C3%B6lkerung+nach+institutionellen+Gliederungen%2C+Geburtsort+und+Staatsangeh%C3%B6rigkeit&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch%2Fpxweb%2Fde%2Fpx-x-0102020000_201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFSO-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_44-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_44-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_44-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html">Swiss Federal Statistical Office</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105172441/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html">Archived</a> 5 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> accessed 23-January-2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-STAT2000-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-STAT2000_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STAT2000_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STAT2000_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STAT2000_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STAT2000_45-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true">STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 – 2000</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130809142611/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true">Archived</a> 9 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed 2 February 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BE_Stat-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BE_Stat_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fin.be.ch/de/index/finanzen/finanzen/publikationen/wohnbevoelkerung.html">Statistical office of the canton of Bern</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120215012157/http://www.fin.be.ch/de/index/finanzen/finanzen/publikationen/wohnbevoelkerung.html">Archived</a> 15 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed 4 January 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Housing-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Housing_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true">Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 – Gebäude und Wohnungen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907111534/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true">Archived</a> 7 September 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed 28 January 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BFS_rent-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BFS_rent_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/05/06/blank/key/einfuehrung.html">Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Rental prices</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100423161803/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/05/06/blank/key/einfuehrung.html">Archived</a> 23 April 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 2003 data <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed 26 May 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDS-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bern</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D209.php"><span title="Bern in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F209.php"><span title="Bern in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I209.php"><span title="Bern in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swiss_news/City_of_bears_receives_Russian_bruins.html?cid=1008832">"City of bears receives Russian bruins"</a>. <i>swissinfo.ch</i>. 16 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120105171617/http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swiss_news/City_of_bears_receives_Russian_bruins.html?cid=1008832">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=swissinfo.ch&rft.atitle=City+of+bears+receives+Russian+bruins&rft.date=2009-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Feng%2Fswiss_news%2FCity_of_bears_receives_Russian_bruins.html%3Fcid%3D1008832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bern.ch/stadtrat/sitzungen/archiv/1998/980514n.pdf">City Council of Bern minutes of the 14 May 1998 5:00PM session</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213224744/http://www.bern.ch/stadtrat/sitzungen/archiv/1998/980514n.pdf">Archived</a> 13 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> accessed 23 November 2008 <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707004313/http://digibiblio.unibe.ch/digibern/Chopin/Engine/Systematik/viewer.asp?KatalogID=1&ImgNum=285&ImgCount=8&RecordNr=18">"Hofer, 281"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digibiblio.unibe.ch/digibern/Chopin/Engine/Systematik/viewer.asp?KatalogID=1&ImgNum=285&ImgCount=8&RecordNr=18">the original</a> on 7 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hofer%2C+281&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigibiblio.unibe.ch%2Fdigibern%2FChopin%2FEngine%2FSystematik%2Fviewer.asp%3FKatalogID%3D1%26ImgNum%3D285%26ImgCount%3D8%26RecordNr%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html">"Kantonsliste A-Objekte"</a>. <i>KGS Inventar</i> (in German). Federal Office of Civil Protection. 2009. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KGS+Inventar&rft.atitle=Kantonsliste+A-Objekte&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch%2Finternet%2Fbs%2Fde%2Fhome%2Fthemen%2Fkgs%2Fkgs_inventar%2Fa-objekte.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030201101554/http://www.stadttheaterbern.ch/">"Stadttheater Bern"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadttheaterbern.ch/">the original</a> on 1 February 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stadttheater+Bern&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadttheaterbern.ch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.narrenpack.ch/">"Narrenpack Theatre Bern"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100104191936/http://www.narrenpack.ch/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Narrenpack+Theatre+Bern&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.narrenpack.ch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schlachthaus.ch/">"Schlachthaus Theatre Bern"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090302083057/http://www.schlachthaus.ch/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schlachthaus+Theatre+Bern&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schlachthaus.ch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dastheater-effingerstr.ch/">"Das Theatre an der Effingerstrasse"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304001558/http://www.dastheater-effingerstr.ch/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Das+Theatre+an+der+Effingerstrasse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dastheater-effingerstr.ch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theater-am-kaefigturm.ch/">"Theater am Käfigturm"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090129111138/http://theater-am-kaefigturm.ch/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Theater+am+K%C3%A4figturm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theater-am-kaefigturm.ch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musikzeitung.ch/de/politik/kantone-und-gemeinden/2019/10/musikpreise-2019-des-kantons-bern.html">"Musikpreise 2019 des Kantons Bern"</a> (in German). musikzeitung.ch. 9 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929223636/https://www.musikzeitung.ch/de/politik/kantone-und-gemeinden/2019/10/musikpreise-2019-des-kantons-bern.html#.Xsk2VcDgqM8">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Musikpreise+2019+des+Kantons+Bern&rft.pub=musikzeitung.ch&rft.date=2019-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.musikzeitung.ch%2Fde%2Fpolitik%2Fkantone-und-gemeinden%2F2019%2F10%2Fmusikpreise-2019-des-kantons-bern.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.erz.be.ch/erz/de/index/kultur/kulturfoerderung/kulturschaffende/musik.html">"Musikalische Auszeichnungen"</a> (in German). www.erz.be.ch/er. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022130433/https://www.erz.be.ch/erz/de/index/kultur/kulturfoerderung/kulturschaffende/musik.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2020</span>. <q><i>Der Kanton Bern verleiht jedes Jahr Musikpreise als Zeichen der Wertschätzung und Anerkennung für das Wirken herausragender Musikschaffender. Ausgezeichnet werden professionelle Musikerinnen und Musiker aus allen künstlerischen und organisatorischen Bereichen des Musiklebens sowie allen musikalischen Stilrichtungen, die die Berner Musikszene entscheidend mitprägen.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Musikalische+Auszeichnungen&rft.pub=www.erz.be.ch%2Fer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.erz.be.ch%2Ferz%2Fde%2Findex%2Fkultur%2Fkulturfoerderung%2Fkulturschaffende%2Fmusik.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fcbreitenrain.ch/">"FC Breitenrain's official website"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819170806/http://www.fcbreitenrain.ch//">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FC+Breitenrain%27s+official+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fcbreitenrain.ch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCBernAttendence-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SCBernAttendence_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMerk2015" class="citation news cs1">Merk, Martin (12 March 2015). "Swiss stay top: SC Bern number one in European attendance ranking".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Swiss+stay+top%3A+SC+Bern+number+one+in+European+attendance+ranking&rft.date=2015-03-12&rft.aulast=Merk&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.basketballbern.ch">http://www.basketballbern.ch</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228041027/http://basketballbern.ch/">Archived</a> 28 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Bern Bears</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true">Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1–3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141225013454/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true">Archived</a> 25 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed 28 January 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-commuter-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-commuter_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-commuter_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120804043150/http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php">Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Statweb</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed 24 June 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEDK/CDIP/IDES2010" class="citation report cs1">EDK/CDIP/IDES (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edudoc.ch/record/35128/files/Schulsystem_alle.pdf">Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706224542/http://edudoc.ch/record/35128/files/Schulsystem_alle.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Kantonale+Schulstrukturen+in+der+Schweiz+und+im+F%C3%BCrstentum+Liechtenstein+%2F+Structures+Scolaires+Cantonales+en+Suisse+et+Dans+la+Principaut%C3%A9+du+Liechtenstein&rft.date=2010&rft.au=EDK%2FCDIP%2FIDES&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedudoc.ch%2Frecord%2F35128%2Ffiles%2FSchulsystem_alle.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-School-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-School_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erz.be.ch/erz/de/index/direktion/organisation/generalsekretariat/statistik/schul-_und_gemeindetabellen.html">Schuljahr 2009/10 pdf document</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120602073606/http://www.erz.be.ch/erz/de/index/direktion/organisation/generalsekretariat/statistik/schul-_und_gemeindetabellen.html">Archived</a> 2 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed 4 January 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/16/02/02/data.html">Swiss Federal Statistical Office, list of libraries</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150706231342/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/16/02/02/data.html">Archived</a> 6 July 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed 14 May 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.sbb.ch/explore/dataset/passagierfrequenz/table/?disjunctive.kt_ct_cantone&disjunctive.isb_gi&sort=dwv_tmjo_tfm&refine.jahr_annee_anno=2022">"Ein- und Aussteigende an Bahnhöfen"</a>. <i>data.sbb.ch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.sbb.ch&rft.atitle=Ein-+und+Aussteigende+an+Bahnh%C3%B6fen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.sbb.ch%2Fexplore%2Fdataset%2Fpassagierfrequenz%2Ftable%2F%3Fdisjunctive.kt_ct_cantone%26disjunctive.isb_gi%26sort%3Ddwv_tmjo_tfm%26refine.jahr_annee_anno%3D2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bern.ch/velohauptstadt/infrastruktur/velohauptrouten">"Velohauptrouten"</a>. <i>Stadt Bern</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414231941/https://www.bern.ch/velohauptstadt/infrastruktur/velohauptrouten">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadt+Bern&rft.atitle=Velohauptrouten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bern.ch%2Fvelohauptstadt%2Finfrastruktur%2Fvelohauptrouten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Grynaeus, Johann Jakob"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Grynaeus,_Johann_Jakob">"Grynaeus, Johann Jakob" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 642.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grynaeus%2C+Johann+Jakob&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=642&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bakunin, Mikhail"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bakunin,_Mikhail">"Bakunin, Mikhail" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 231.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bakunin%2C+Mikhail&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=231&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-woz-20111110-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-woz-20111110_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNoëmi_Landolt2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Noëmi Landolt (10 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.woz.ch/1145/regula-rytz/die-pragmatische-brueckenbauerin">"Die pragmatische Brückenbauerin"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/WOZ_Die_Wochenzeitung" title="WOZ Die Wochenzeitung">WOZ Die Wochenzeitung</a> 45/2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160425005030/http://www.woz.ch/1145/regula-rytz/die-pragmatische-brueckenbauerin">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+pragmatische+Br%C3%BCckenbauerin&rft.pub=WOZ+Die+Wochenzeitung+45%2F2011&rft.date=2011-11-10&rft.au=No%C3%ABmi+Landolt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.woz.ch%2F1145%2Fregula-rytz%2Fdie-pragmatische-brueckenbauerin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Haller, Albrecht von"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Haller,_Albrecht_von">"Haller, Albrecht von" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. <span class="nowrap">855–</span>856.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Haller%2C+Albrecht+von&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E855-%3C%2Fspan%3E856&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bandelier, Adolph Francis Alphonse"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bandelier,_Adolph_Francis_Alphonse">"Bandelier, Adolph Francis Alphonse" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 311.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bandelier%2C+Adolph+Francis+Alphonse&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=311&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Kocher,_Emil_Theodor"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Kocher,_Emil_Theodor">"Kocher, Emil Theodor" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>. 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kocher%2C_Emil_Theodor&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Boner,_Ulrich"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Boner,_Ulrich">"Boner, Ulrich" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 203.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boner%2C_Ulrich&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=203&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoolidge1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Augustus_Brevoort_Coolidge" class="mw-redirect" title="William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge">Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bonstetten, Charles Victor de"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bonstetten,_Charles_Victor_de">"Bonstetten, Charles Victor de" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). p. 214.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bonstetten%2C+Charles+Victor+de&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=214&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Coolidge&rft.aufirst=William+Augustus+Brevoort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReid1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Smith_Reid" class="mw-redirect" title="James Smith Reid">Reid, James Smith</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wyttenbach,_Daniel_Albert"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Wyttenbach,_Daniel_Albert">"Wyttenbach, Daniel Albert" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). pp. <span class="nowrap">879–</span>880.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wyttenbach%2C_Daniel_Albert&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E879-%3C%2Fspan%3E880&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=James+Smith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Wyss,_Johann_Rudolf"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Wyss,_Johann_Rudolf">"Wyss, Johann Rudolf" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>. 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wyss%2C_Johann_Rudolf&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.literapedia-bern.ch/Carter,_Vincent_O.">Vincent O. Carter</a> entry in the <i>literapedia bern</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0881863/">IMDb Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170219181223/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0881863/">Archived</a> 19 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved 3 December 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0003813/">IMDb Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181026010359/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0003813/">Archived</a> 26 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved 6 December 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0716699/">IMDb Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181227172321/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0716699/">Archived</a> 27 December 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved 3 December 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0134388/">IMDb Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190125144002/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0134388/">Archived</a> 25 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved 6 December 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0863787/">IMDb Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181228011653/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0863787/">Archived</a> 28 December 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved 3 December 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1062017/">IMDb Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200914094515/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1062017/">Archived</a> 14 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved 6 December 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7704731/">IMDb Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216191120/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm7704731/">Archived</a> 16 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved 3 December 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1272496/">IMDb Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170315223459/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1272496/">Archived</a> 15 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved 3 December 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0491606/">IMDb Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215123845/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0491606/">Archived</a> 15 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved 6 December 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4545833/">IMDb Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190612203552/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4545833/">Archived</a> 12 June 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved 6 December 2018</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bern#Q70" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Bern">Bern</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://insecam.org/en/view/949856/">Online camera</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoolidge1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Augustus_Brevoort_Coolidge" class="mw-redirect" title="William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge">Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bern (city)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bern_(city)">"Bern" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). p. 795.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bern&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=795&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Coolidge&rft.aufirst=William+Augustus+Brevoort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1879 <i><a href="/wiki/American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="American Cyclopædia">American Cyclopædia</a></i> article <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Bern" class="extiw" title="s:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Bern">Bern</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bern.ch">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bernmobil.ch/">Bern Public Transportation Website (BernMobil)</a></li> <li><i>Bern (Gemeinde)</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D209.php"><span title="Bern (Gemeinde) in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F209.php"><span title="Bern (Gemeinde) in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I209.php"><span title="Bern (Gemeinde) in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>, 10 November 2016.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928152910/http://www.geobern.ch/TBInternet/default.aspx?Show=Bern&Lang=en">"GIS City of Bern"</a>. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GIS+City+of+Bern&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geobern.ch%2FTBInternet%2Fdefault.aspx%3FShow%3DBern%26Lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABern" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gurtenfestival.ch/">Gurtenfestival</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buskersbern.ch/">Buskers Bern</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Old_City_of_Bern142" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Old_City_of_Bern" title="Template:Old City of Bern"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Old_City_of_Bern" title="Template talk:Old City of Bern"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Old_City_of_Bern" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Old City of Bern"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Old_City_of_Bern142" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Bern" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City of Bern">Old City of Bern</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal sights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9atrice-von-Wattenwyl-Haus" title="Béatrice-von-Wattenwyl-Haus">Béatrice-von-Wattenwyl-Haus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Palace_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Palace of Switzerland">Bundeshaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlacherhof" title="Erlacherhof">Erlacherhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Ghost,_Bern" title="Church of the Holy Ghost, Bern">Heiliggeistkirche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4figturm" title="Käfigturm">Käfigturm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_of_Bern" class="mw-redirect" title="Münster of Bern">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nydeggkirche" title="Nydeggkirche">Nydeggkirche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_hall_of_Bern" class="mw-redirect" title="Town hall of Bern">Rathaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zytglogge" title="Zytglogge">Zytglogge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighbourhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Äussere Neustadt</li> <li>Innere Neustadt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattequartier" title="Mattequartier">Mattequartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nydegg" title="Nydegg">Nydegg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A4hringerstadt" title="Zähringerstadt">Zähringerstadt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarbergergasse" title="Aarbergergasse">Aarbergergasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amthausgasse" title="Amthausgasse">Amthausgasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerechtigkeitsgasse" title="Gerechtigkeitsgasse">Gerechtigkeitsgasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrengasse_(Bern)" title="Herrengasse (Bern)">Herrengasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkerngasse" title="Junkerngasse">Junkerngasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochergasse" title="Kochergasse">Kochergasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramgasse" title="Kramgasse">Kramgasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnstergasse" title="Münstergasse">Münstergasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marktgasse" title="Marktgasse">Marktgasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuengasse" title="Neuengasse">Neuengasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nydeggstalden" title="Nydeggstalden">Nydeggstalden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgasse" title="Postgasse">Postgasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathausgasse" title="Rathausgasse">Rathausgasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schauplatzgasse" title="Schauplatzgasse">Schauplatzgasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitalgasse" title="Spitalgasse">Spitalgasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeughausgasse" title="Zeughausgasse">Zeughausgasse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4renplatz" title="Bärenplatz">Bärenplatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahnhofplatz" title="Bahnhofplatz">Bahnhofplatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubenbergplatz" title="Bubenbergplatz">Bubenbergplatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundesplatz_(Bern)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesplatz (Bern)">Bundesplatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kornhausplatz" title="Kornhausplatz">Kornhausplatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnsterplatz_(Bern)" title="Münsterplatz (Bern)">Münsterplatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waisenhausplatz" title="Waisenhausplatz">Waisenhausplatz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna-Seiler-Brunnen" title="Anna-Seiler-Brunnen">Anna-Seiler-Brunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernabrunnen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernabrunnen (page does not exist)">Bernabrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen_(Bern)" title="Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen (Bern)">Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindlifresserbrunnen" title="Kindlifresserbrunnen">Kindlifresserbrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4uferbrunnen" title="Läuferbrunnen">Läuferbrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosesbrunnen" title="Mosesbrunnen">Mosesbrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnzbrunnen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münzbrunnen (page does not exist)">Münzbrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfeiferbrunnen" title="Pfeiferbrunnen">Pfeiferbrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryfflibrunnen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryfflibrunnen (page does not exist)">Ryfflibrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simsonbrunnen" title="Simsonbrunnen">Simsonbrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sch%C3%BCtzenbrunnen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schützenbrunnen (page does not exist)">Schützenbrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vennerbrunnen" title="Vennerbrunnen">Vennerbrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weltpostdenkmal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weltpostdenkmal (page does not exist)">Weltpostdenkmal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welttelegrafen-Denkmal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welttelegrafen-Denkmal (page does not exist)">Welttelegrafen-Denkmal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A4hringerbrunnen" title="Zähringerbrunnen">Zähringerbrunnen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aare_bridges_in_Bern" title="List of Aare bridges in Bern">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Bern" title="List of churches in Bern">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fountains_in_Bern" title="List of fountains in Bern">Fountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towers_in_Bern" title="List of towers in Bern">Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bern" title="Timeline of Bern">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Canton of Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_in_the_Bern-Mittelland_administrative_district,_Switzerland158" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Municipalities_of_the_administrative_district_of_Bern-Mittelland" title="Template:Municipalities of the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Municipalities_of_the_administrative_district_of_Bern-Mittelland" title="Template talk:Municipalities of the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities_of_the_administrative_district_of_Bern-Mittelland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities of the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_in_the_Bern-Mittelland_administrative_district,_Switzerland158" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">Municipalities</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bern-Mittelland_(administrative_district)" title="Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)">Bern-Mittelland administrative district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allmendingen_bei_Bern" title="Allmendingen bei Bern">Allmendingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arni,_Bern" title="Arni, Bern">Arni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4riswil,_Bern" title="Bäriswil, Bern">Bäriswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belp" title="Belp">Belp</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biglen" title="Biglen">Biglen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolligen" title="Bolligen">Bolligen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowil" title="Bowil">Bowil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremgarten_bei_Bern" title="Bremgarten bei Bern">Bremgarten bei Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenzikofen" title="Brenzikofen">Brenzikofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deisswil_bei_M%C3%BCnchenbuchsee" title="Deisswil bei Münchenbuchsee">Deisswil bei Münchenbuchsee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferenbalm" title="Ferenbalm">Ferenbalm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraubrunnen" title="Fraubrunnen">Fraubrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenkappelen" title="Frauenkappelen">Frauenkappelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freimettigen" title="Freimettigen">Freimettigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerzensee" title="Gerzensee">Gerzensee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grossh%C3%B6chstetten" title="Grosshöchstetten">Grosshöchstetten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guggisberg" title="Guggisberg">Guggisberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurbr%C3%BC" title="Gurbrü">Gurbrü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4utligen" title="Häutligen">Häutligen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbligen" title="Herbligen">Herbligen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iffwil" title="Iffwil">Iffwil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ittigen" title="Ittigen">Ittigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaberg" title="Jaberg">Jaberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jegenstorf" title="Jegenstorf">Jegenstorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufdorf" title="Kaufdorf">Kaufdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehrsatz" title="Kehrsatz">Kehrsatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiesen" title="Kiesen">Kiesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchdorf,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirchdorf, Switzerland">Kirchdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchlindach" title="Kirchlindach">Kirchlindach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6niz" title="Köniz">Köniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konolfingen" title="Konolfingen">Konolfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriechenwil" title="Kriechenwil">Kriechenwil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landiswil" title="Landiswil">Landiswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laupen" title="Laupen">Laupen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden,_Switzerland" title="Linden, Switzerland">Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattstetten" title="Mattstetten">Mattstetten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meikirch" title="Meikirch">Meikirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirchel" title="Mirchel">Mirchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moosseedorf" title="Moosseedorf">Moosseedorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChleberg" title="Mühleberg">Mühleberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchenbuchsee" title="Münchenbuchsee">Münchenbuchsee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchenwiler" title="Münchenwiler">Münchenwiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnsingen,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Münsingen, Switzerland">Münsingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muri_bei_Bern" title="Muri bei Bern">Muri bei Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuenegg" title="Neuenegg">Neuenegg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niederh%C3%BCnigen" title="Niederhünigen">Niederhünigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niedermuhlern" title="Niedermuhlern">Niedermuhlern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberbalm" title="Oberbalm">Oberbalm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberdiessbach" title="Oberdiessbach">Oberdiessbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberh%C3%BCnigen" title="Oberhünigen">Oberhünigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberthal,_Switzerland" title="Oberthal, Switzerland">Oberthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppligen" title="Oppligen">Oppligen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostermundigen" title="Ostermundigen">Ostermundigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riggisberg" title="Riggisberg">Riggisberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubigen" title="Rubigen">Rubigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCeggisberg" title="Rüeggisberg">Rüeggisberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCschegg" title="Rüschegg">Rüschegg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenburg" title="Schwarzenburg">Schwarzenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stettlen" title="Stettlen">Stettlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurnen,_Bern" title="Thurnen, Bern">Thurnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toffen" title="Toffen">Toffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urtenen-Sch%C3%B6nb%C3%BChl" title="Urtenen-Schönbühl">Urtenen-Schönbühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vechigen" title="Vechigen">Vechigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wald,_Bern" title="Wald, Bern">Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkringen" title="Walkringen">Walkringen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichtrach" title="Wichtrach">Wichtrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiggiswil" title="Wiggiswil">Wiggiswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wileroltigen" title="Wileroltigen">Wileroltigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wohlen_bei_Bern" title="Wohlen bei Bern">Wohlen bei Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worb" title="Worb">Worb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A4ziwil" title="Zäziwil">Zäziwil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zollikofen" title="Zollikofen">Zollikofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuzwil,_Bern" title="Zuzwil, Bern">Zuzwil</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Canton of Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland#Bern" title="Districts of Switzerland">Districts of Canton Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Bern" title="Municipalities of the canton of Bern">Municipalities of the canton of Bern</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Bern_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of the Canton Bern"><img alt="Coat of Arms of the Canton Bern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/CHE_Bern_COA.svg/35px-CHE_Bern_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/CHE_Bern_COA.svg/53px-CHE_Bern_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/CHE_Bern_COA.svg/70px-CHE_Bern_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="493" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cantons_and_capitals_of_Switzerland_Three_CantonsEight_CantonsThirteen_CantonsFlags_and_coats_of_arms530" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Template:Cantons of Switzerland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Template talk:Cantons of Switzerland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cantons of Switzerland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cantons_and_capitals_of_Switzerland_Three_CantonsEight_CantonsThirteen_CantonsFlags_and_coats_of_arms530" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Cantons and capitals of Switzerland</a><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Waldst%C3%A4tte" title="Waldstätte">Three Cantons</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Eight_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight Cantons">Eight Cantons</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteen Cantons">Thirteen Cantons</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Flags_and_arms_of_cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Flags and arms of cantons of Switzerland">Flags and coats of arms</a></span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present-day cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Aargau" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Aargau">Aargau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell_Innerrhoden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel-Landschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel-Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Graubünden">Grisons (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Nidwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Nidwalden">Nidwalden (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Obwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Obwalden">Obwalden (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Thurgau" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Thurgau">Thurgau (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Ticino" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Ticino">Ticino (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valais" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Valais">Valais (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Vaud" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Vaud">Vaud (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Zürich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona (TI)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell" title="Appenzell">Appenzell (-1597)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel" title="Canton of Basel">Basel (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Schwyz" title="Outer Schwyz">Outer Schwyz (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden (-15th century)</a></li> <li><i>Helvetic Republic</i> (-1803): <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Baden" title="Canton of Baden">Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bellinzona" title="Canton of Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fricktal" title="Canton of Fricktal">Fricktal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_L%C3%A9man" title="Canton of Léman">Léman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Linth" title="Canton of Linth">Linth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lugano" title="Canton of Lugano">Lugano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Oberland" title="Canton of Oberland">Oberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Raetia" title="Canton of Raetia">Raetia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_S%C3%A4ntis" title="Canton of Säntis">Säntis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Waldst%C3%A4tten" title="Canton of Waldstätten">Waldstätten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">Executives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_GRP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Swiss cantons by GRP">By gross regional product (GRP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_elevation" title="List of Swiss cantons by elevation">By elevation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Switzerland_by_population86" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Switzerland" title="Template:Cities in Switzerland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Switzerland" title="Template talk:Cities in Switzerland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Switzerland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Switzerland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Switzerland_by_population86" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a> in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">300,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Switzerland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Switzerland"><img alt="Flag of Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/50px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/75px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/100px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterthur" title="Winterthur">Winterthur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">30,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biel/Bienne" title="Biel/Bienne">Bienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6niz" title="Köniz">Köniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chaux-de-Fonds" title="La Chaux-de-Fonds">La Chaux-de-Fonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugano" title="Lugano">Lugano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thun" title="Thun">Thun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uster" title="Uster">Uster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernier,_Switzerland" title="Vernier, Switzerland">Vernier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adliswil" title="Adliswil">Adliswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allschwil" title="Allschwil">Allschwil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baar,_Switzerland" title="Baar, Switzerland">Baar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden,_Switzerland" title="Baden, Switzerland">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgdorf,_Switzerland" title="Burgdorf, Switzerland">Burgdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carouge" title="Carouge">Carouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietikon" title="Dietikon">Dietikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmen,_Switzerland" title="Emmen, Switzerland">Emmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossau,_St._Gallen" title="Gossau, St. Gallen">Gossau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenchen" title="Grenchen">Grenchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horgen" title="Horgen">Horgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kloten" title="Kloten">Kloten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreuzlingen" title="Kreuzlingen">Kreuzlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriens" title="Kriens">Kriens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancy" title="Lancy">Lancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littau" title="Littau">Littau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locarno" title="Locarno">Locarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyrin" title="Meyrin">Meyrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monthey" title="Monthey">Monthey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreux" title="Montreux">Montreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttenz" title="Muttenz">Muttenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyon" title="Nyon">Nyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olten" title="Olten">Olten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onex,_Switzerland" title="Onex, Switzerland">Onex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostermundigen" title="Ostermundigen">Ostermundigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratteln" title="Pratteln">Pratteln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapperswil-Jona" title="Rapperswil-Jona">Rapperswil-Jona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensdorf" title="Regensdorf">Regensdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renens" title="Renens">Renens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierre" title="Sierre">Sierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiez" title="Spiez">Spiez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steffisburg" title="Steffisburg">Steffisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalwil" title="Thalwil">Thalwil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vevey" title="Vevey">Vevey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volketswil" title="Volketswil">Volketswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4denswil" title="Wädenswil">Wädenswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wettingen" title="Wettingen">Wettingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetzikon" title="Wetzikon">Wetzikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wil" title="Wil">Wil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yverdon-les-Bains" title="Yverdon-les-Bains">Yverdon-les-Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zollikon" title="Zollikon">Zollikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories937" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories937" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sokhumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sokhumi">Sokhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas,_Russia" title="Magas, Russia">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions79" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions53" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;no_&#124;alt=European_Free_Trade_Association&#124;link=European_Free_Trade_Association_Capital_cities_of_the_members_of_the_European_Free_Trade_Association_(EFTA)267" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capital_cities_of_EFTA_member_states" title="Template:Capital cities of EFTA member states"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capital_cities_of_EFTA_member_states" title="Template talk:Capital cities of EFTA member states"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capital_cities_of_EFTA_member_states" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capital cities of EFTA member states"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;no_&#124;alt=European_Free_Trade_Association&#124;link=European_Free_Trade_Association_Capital_cities_of_the_members_of_the_European_Free_Trade_Association_(EFTA)267" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="no"><img alt="European Free Trade Association" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/EFTA_logo2.svg/23px-EFTA_logo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/EFTA_logo2.svg/35px-EFTA_logo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/EFTA_logo2.svg/46px-EFTA_logo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital cities</a> of the members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="European Free Trade Association">European Free Trade Association</a> (EFTA)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;line-height:11pt; text-align:center;width:13.5em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík"><img alt="Reykjavík" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Reykjavik_Coat_of_Arms.svg/45px-Reykjavik_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Reykjavik_Coat_of_Arms.svg/68px-Reykjavik_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Reykjavik_Coat_of_Arms.svg/90px-Reykjavik_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="116" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;line-height:11pt; text-align:center;width:13.5em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz"><img alt="Vaduz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Vaduz.png/45px-Vaduz.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Vaduz.png/68px-Vaduz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Vaduz.png/90px-Vaduz.png 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="252" /></a></span> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;line-height:11pt; text-align:center;width:13.5em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo"><img alt="Oslo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Insigne_Anslogae.svg/60px-Insigne_Anslogae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Insigne_Anslogae.svg/120px-Insigne_Anslogae.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;line-height:11pt; text-align:center;width:13.5em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>:<br /><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bern</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern"><img alt="Bern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/CHE_Bern_COA.svg/45px-CHE_Bern_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/CHE_Bern_COA.svg/68px-CHE_Bern_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/CHE_Bern_COA.svg/90px-CHE_Bern_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/19px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1758" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1758" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109415921">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000113287184">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205493/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJj8KmTjYtbk9p9t4CMtrq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4005762-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79065374">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bern (Švýcarsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128752&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007531076905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/e03bf3ef-3e0b-4f51-9600-a161cbd5fb75">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027369714">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/000209">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045254">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=39455">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&oldid=1280436931">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bern&oldid=1280436931</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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