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Zainudin</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Hafez Zainudin"> <meta name="keywords" content="Hafez Zainudin"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Hafez Zainudin"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 44</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Hafez Zainudin</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> A Study on the Importance and Contributions of Transforming from OEM to ODM in Malaysian Furniture Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Ain%20Haron">Nurul Ain Haron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saiful%20Hazmi%20Bachek"> Saiful Hazmi Bachek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafez%20Zainudin"> Hafez Zainudin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is aimed to establish the importance and contribution of Original Design Manufacturing (ODM) in Malaysian Furniture Industry and to close the gap between the players in the industry. The study confirms that today’s furniture industry favor Original Equipment Manufacturing (OEM) basis. Thus, resulting in the local industry lacking the expertise of designing furniture to a state of no contest. This study method used consists of literature reviews, observation, questionnaire and sessions of interviews. The result shows that the public has from minimum to almost no knowledge of the term Original Design Manufacturing (ODM) concept and the impact towards our current future industry. The manufacturers however, prefers Original Equipment Manufacturing (OEM) concept due to its easy and fast investment returns with the need of product designing process, while the interviews carried out with the authorized council had some convincing urges of doing their part promoting the awareness through trainings and seminars. Findings show that, in the rush of archiving ODM status needs extensive cooperation from many parties that are authorized council, furniture manufacturers, designers and also the public perceptions of labeling local made goods as the black goat. The current mind set of OEM manufacturers need to be change for industry’s future. As Malaysia’s living status constantly increases, so will the demands of a better salary. If these current issues are not resolved, OEM international buyers will definitely have to shift to some other lower cost manufacturer like China or Taiwan. When vendors stopped to order, today’s OEM manufacturers will no longer exist in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20manufacturing" title="design manufacturing">design manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=furniture%20design" title=" furniture design"> furniture design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=original%20design%20manufacturing" title=" original design manufacturing"> original design manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=original%20equipment%20manufacturing" title=" original equipment manufacturing"> original equipment manufacturing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5033/a-study-on-the-importance-and-contributions-of-transforming-from-oem-to-odm-in-malaysian-furniture-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> From Reform to Revolt: Bashar al-Assad and the Arab Tribes in Syria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haian%20Dukhan">Haian Dukhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The death of Hafez al-Assad and the ascension of his son, Bashar, to rule brought an end to the state-society dynamics that his father worked on for decades. Hafez al-Assad built an authoritarian state that rests on patronage networks that connected his regime to the society. During Bashar’s reign, these patronage relationships have been affected by the policies of privatization and liberalization. Privatization and liberalisation of the economy have created new economic and social players that transformed the populist nature of the authoritarian regime into a regime that is connected mainly with bourgeoisie and the upper class neglecting the rural tribal constituency that was a vital part of Hafez al-Assad’s authoritarian state. Drawing on different data gathered through interviews as well as written literature, this paper will explore the policies that Bashar al-Assad carried out towards the Arab tribes in the period extended from 2000 until 2010. The paper starts by outlining how Bashar al-Assad narrowed the coalition of his rule to depend mainly on his family, the city merchants excluding the lower and middle strata in the periphery. It will then trace the disintegration of the social contract between the regime and the Arab tribe as a result of the latter’s failure to deliver adequate development services in their regions. Losing the support of the tribes undermined the stability of the regime resulting in different clashes between the tribes themselves, the tribes and the Kurds, the tribes and the druze (a sect of Islam situated in Southern Syria), which will be investigated in detail in this paper. In similar policies adopted by his father who used the tribes as leverage against the Islamists and the Kurds, Bashar al-Assad’s regime encouragement of Syrian tribal youth to join the Iraqi insurgency against the Americans will be explored in detail. The regime’s tolerance of Iran missionary activities in the tribal regions and its accommodation of Islamists group’s activities in those regions have erased the regime’s secular foundation. This paper will argue that Bashar al-Assad’s policies towards the Arab tribes have chipped away the regime’s ideological pillars and threatened the longer-term cohesion of its social base which paved the way for the uprising to start in the tribal regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribes" title=" tribes"> tribes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uprising" title=" uprising"> uprising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regime" title=" regime"> regime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36885/from-reform-to-revolt-bashar-al-assad-and-the-arab-tribes-in-syria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Characterization of Fish Bone Catalyst for Biodiesel Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarina%20Sulaiman">Sarina Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.Khairudin"> N.Khairudin </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.Jamal"> P.Jamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.Z.%20Alam"> M.Z. Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaki%20Zainudin"> Zaki Zainudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Azmi"> S. Azmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, fish bone waste was used as a new catalyst for biodiesel production. Instead of discarding the fish bone waste, it will be utilized as a source for catalyst that can provide significant benefit to the environment. Also, it can be substitute as a calcium oxide source instead of using eggshell, crab shell and snail shell. The XRD and SEM analysis proved that calcined fish bone contains calcium oxide, calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. The catalyst was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcinations" title="calcinations">calcinations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20bone" title=" fish bone"> fish bone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20catalyst" title=" waste catalyst"> waste catalyst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7717/characterization-of-fish-bone-catalyst-for-biodiesel-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Factor Influencing the Certification to ISO 9000:2008 among SME in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dolhadi%20Bin%20Zainudin">Dolhadi Bin Zainudin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study attempts to predict the relationship between influencing factors in the adoption of ISO 9000:2008 and to identify which how these factors play the main role in achieving ISO 9000 standard. A survey using structured questionnaire was employed. A total of 255 respondents from 255 small and medium enterprises participated in this study. With regards to influencing factors, a discriminant analysis was conducted and the results showed that three out of nine critical success factors is statistically significant between ISO 9000:2008 and non-ISO 9000 certified companies which are communication for quality, information and analysis and organizational culture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%209000" title="ISO 9000">ISO 9000</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20management" title=" quality management"> quality management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factors" title=" factors"> factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20and%20medium%20enterprise" title=" small and medium enterprise"> small and medium enterprise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influencing%20factors" title=" influencing factors"> influencing factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10604/factor-influencing-the-certification-to-iso-90002008-among-sme-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Nitrite Sensor Platform Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide with Thionine Dye Based</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurulasma%20Zainudin">Nurulasma Zainudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mashitah%20Mohd%20Yusoff"> Mashitah Mohd Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwok%20Feng%20Chong"> Kwok Feng Chong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Functionalized reduced graphene oxide is essential importance for their end applications. Chemical functionalization of reduced graphene oxide with strange atoms is a leading strategy to modify the properties of the materials moreover maintains the inherent properties of reduced graphene oxide. A thionine functionalized reduce graphene oxide electrode was fabricated and was used to electrochemically determine nitrite. The electrochemical behaviour of thionine functionalized reduced graphene oxide towards oxidation of nitrite via cyclic voltammetry was studied and the proposed method exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic behaviour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrite" title="nitrite">nitrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thionine" title=" thionine"> thionine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduced%20graphene%20oxide" title=" reduced graphene oxide"> reduced graphene oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37261/nitrite-sensor-platform-functionalized-reduced-graphene-oxide-with-thionine-dye-based" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37261.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Evaluation of the Predatory Mites' Manner against Root-Knot Nematode Using Water Agar Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelrady%20K.%20Nasr">Abdelrady K. Nasr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezzat%20M.%20A.%20Noweer"> Ezzat M. A. Noweer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20M.%20Ramadan"> Mahmoud M. Ramadan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Kofoid and White (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae), is one of the most important plant-parasitic nematodes attacking large numbers of vegetable and fruit plants in Egypt. Moreover, the soil predatory mites (Protogamasellopsisdenticus (Nasr), Gaeolaelaps longus (Hafez, El-Badry and Nasr) and Cosmolaelapskeni(Hafez, El-Badry and Nasr) are one of the excellent agents for biocontrol, this study was designed to evaluate the predation of the root-knot nematode (M. incognita) using water agar technique. The water agar medium was used as an experimental medium to rear both the mentioned mites and egg masses; these media allowed observe the development and predacious manner. The present study revealed that the predatory mites successfully developed and reproduced their egg masses. The mean life cycle of the tested mites P. denticus, G. longus, and C.keni were 10.33, 12.00, and 9.77 days, respectively. The mean total life span of the female of P. denticus, G. longus, and C. keni on egg-mases of M. incognita were obtained 63.44, 77.55 and 70.11 days, respectively, and the mean total fecundity of predatory mites, P. denticus, G.longus, and C. keni on egg-mases nematode were observed 62.66, 31.61 and 11.83 eggs, respectively. The mean total number of eggs laid by female P. denticus was significantly higher than other predatory mites, G. longus and C. keni. According to the obtained results, the tested predacious mites can be applied to combat the spreading of M. incognita in the agriculture field as a safe and effective biological control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20control" title="biological control">biological control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant-parasitic%20nematodes" title=" plant-parasitic nematodes"> plant-parasitic nematodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predaceous%20mites" title=" predaceous mites"> predaceous mites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20agar" title=" water agar"> water agar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174142/evaluation-of-the-predatory-mites-manner-against-root-knot-nematode-using-water-agar-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Total Lipid of Mutant Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azlin%20S%20Azmi">Azlin S Azmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mus%E2%80%99ab%20Zainal"> Mus’ab Zainal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarina%20Sulaiman"> Sarina Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azura%20Amid"> Azura Amid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaki%20Zainudin"> Zaki Zainudin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microalgae lipid is a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. The objective of this work was to study growth factors affecting marine mutant Synechococcus sp. (PCC 7002) for high lipid production. Four growth factors were investigated; nitrogen-phosporus-potassium (NPK) concentration, light intensity, temperature and NaNO3 concentration on mutant strain growth and lipid production were studied. Design Expert v8.0 was used to design the experimental and analyze the data. The experimental design selected was Min-Run Res IV which consists of 12 runs and the response surfaces measured were specific growth rate and lipid concentration. The extraction of lipid was conducted by chloroform/methanol solvents system. Based on the study, mutant Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 gave the highest specific growth rate of 0.0014 h-1 at 0% NPK, 2500 lux, 40oC and 0% NaNO3. On the other hand, the highest lipid concentration was obtained at 0% NPK, 3500 lux, 30°C and 1% NaNO3. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">Cyanobacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid" title=" lipid"> lipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutant" title=" mutant"> mutant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20Synechococcus%20sp.%20%28PCC%207002%29" title=" marine Synechococcus sp. (PCC 7002)"> marine Synechococcus sp. (PCC 7002)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20growth%20rate" title=" specific growth rate"> specific growth rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8067/total-lipid-of-mutant-synechococcus-sp-pcc-7002" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Mining Big Data in Telecommunications Industry: Challenges, Techniques, and Revenue Opportunity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoda%20A.%20Abdel%20Hafez">Hoda A. Abdel Hafez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mining big data represents a big challenge nowadays. Many types of research are concerned with mining massive amounts of data and big data streams. Mining big data faces a lot of challenges including scalability, speed, heterogeneity, accuracy, provenance and privacy. In telecommunication industry, mining big data is like a mining for gold; it represents a big opportunity and maximizing the revenue streams in this industry. This paper discusses the characteristics of big data (volume, variety, velocity and veracity), data mining techniques and tools for handling very large data sets, mining big data in telecommunication and the benefits and opportunities gained from them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining%20big%20data" title="mining big data">mining big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title=" big data"> big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication" title=" telecommunication"> telecommunication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41412/mining-big-data-in-telecommunications-industry-challenges-techniques-and-revenue-opportunity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Performance Analysis of MIMO-OFDM Using Convolution Codes with QAM Modulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I%20Gede%20Puja%20Astawa">I Gede Puja Astawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoedy%20Moegiharto"> Yoedy Moegiharto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Zainudin"> Ahmad Zainudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imam%20Dui%20Agus%20Salim"> Imam Dui Agus Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Annisa%20Anggraeni"> Nur Annisa Anggraeni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Performance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system can be improved by adding channel coding (error correction code) to detect and correct the errors that occur during data transmission. One can use the convolution code. This paper presents performance of OFDM using Space Time Block Codes (STBC) diversity technique use QAM modulation with code rate 1/2. The evaluation is done by analyzing the value of Bit Error Rate (BER) vs. Energy per Bit to Noise Power Spectral Density Ratio (Eb/No). This scheme is conducted 256 sub-carrier which transmits Rayleigh multipath channel in OFDM system. To achieve a BER of 10-3 is required 30 dB SNR in SISO-OFDM scheme. For 2x2 MIMO-OFDM scheme requires 10 dB to achieve a BER of 10-3. For 4x4 MIMO-OFDM scheme requires 5 dB while adding convolution in a 4x4 MIMO-OFDM can improve performance up to 0 dB to achieve the same BER. This proves the existence of saving power by 3 dB of 4x4 MIMO-OFDM system without coding, power saving 7 dB of 2x2 MIMO-OFDM system without coding and significant power savings from SISO-OFDM system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolution%20code" title="convolution code">convolution code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QAM" title=" QAM"> QAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2398/performance-analysis-of-mimo-ofdm-using-convolution-codes-with-qam-modulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Combined Localization, Beamforming, and Interference Threshold Estimation in Underlay Cognitive System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Nasr">Omar Nasr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20Naguib"> Yasser Naguib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Hafez"> Mohamed Hafez </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims at providing an innovative solution for blind interference threshold estimation in an underlay cognitive network to be used in adaptive beamforming by secondary user Transmitter and Receiver. For the task of threshold estimation, blind detection of modulation and SNR are used. For the sake of beamforming several localization algorithms are compared to settle on best one for cognitive environment. Beamforming algorithms as LCMV (Linear Constraint Minimum Variance) and MVDR (Minimum Variance Distortion less) are also proposed and compared. The idea of just nulling the primary user after knowledge of its location is discussed against the idea of working under interference threshold. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20%20radio" title="cognitive radio">cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underlay" title=" underlay"> underlay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beamforming" title=" beamforming"> beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MUSIC" title=" MUSIC"> MUSIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MVDR" title=" MVDR"> MVDR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LCMV" title=" LCMV"> LCMV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20estimation" title=" threshold estimation"> threshold estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17541/combined-localization-beamforming-and-interference-threshold-estimation-in-underlay-cognitive-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">582</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Information Security Dilemma: Employees' Behaviour on Three-Dimensions to Failure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dyana%20Zainudin">Dyana Zainudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atta%20Ur-Rahman"> Atta Ur-Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thaier%20Hamed"> Thaier Hamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explains about human nature concept as to understand the significance of information security in employees’ mentality including leaders in an organisation. By studying on a theory concept of the latest Von Solms fourth waves, information security governance basically refers to the concept of a set of methods, techniques and tools that responsible for protecting resources of a computer system to ensure service availability, confidentiality and integrity of information. However, today’s information security dilemma relates to the acceptance of employees mentality. The major causes are a lack of communication and commitment. These types of management in an organisation are labelled as immoral/amoral management which effects on information security compliance. A recovery action is taken based on ‘learn a lesson from incident events’ rather than prevention. Therefore, the paper critically analysed the Von Solms fourth waves’ theory with current human events and its correlation by studying secondary data and also from qualitative analysis among employees in public sectors. ‘Three-dimensions to failure’ of information security dilemma are explained as deny, don’t know and don’t care. These three-dimensions are the most common vulnerable behaviour owned by employees. Therefore, by avoiding the three-dimensions to failure may improve the vulnerable behaviour of employees which is often related to immoral/amoral management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20security%20management%20system" title="information security management system">information security management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20security%20behaviour" title=" information security behaviour"> information security behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20security%20governance" title=" information security governance"> information security governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20security%20culture" title=" information security culture"> information security culture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73708/information-security-dilemma-employees-behaviour-on-three-dimensions-to-failure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Development of Adaptive Architecture Classrooms through the Application of Augmented Reality in Private Universities of Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Namdarian">Sara Namdarian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafez%20Salleh"> Hafez Salleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper scrutinizes the circumstances of the application of Augmented Reality (AR) technology to enhance the adaptability of architecture classrooms in private Malaysian university classrooms. This study aims to indicate the constraints of mono-functional classrooms in comparison to the potentials of multi-functional classrooms derived from AR application through an exploratory mixed method strategy. This paper expects to contribute towards recognition of suitable AR techniques which can be applied in the development of Adaptive-AR-Classroom-Systems (AARCS) in architecture classrooms. The findings, derived from the analysis, show current classrooms have limited functional spaces, and concludes that AR application can be used in design classrooms to provide a variety of visuals and virtual objects that are required in conducting architecture projects in higher educational centers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20activity" title="design activity">design activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20enhancement" title=" space enhancement"> space enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20education" title=" design education"> design education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architectural%20design%20augmented%20reality" title=" architectural design augmented reality"> architectural design augmented reality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13284/development-of-adaptive-architecture-classrooms-through-the-application-of-augmented-reality-in-private-universities-of-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> The Impact of Life Satisfaction on Substance Abuse: Delinquency as a Mediator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahadzirah%20Mohamad">Mahadzirah Mohamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morliyati%20Mohammad"> Morliyati Mohammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nor%20Azman%20Mat%20Ali"> Nor Azman Mat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainudin%20Awang"> Zainudin Awang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globally, youth substance abuse has been identified as the problem that causes substantial damage not only to individuals, but also to families and communities. In addition, substance abuse youths have become unproductive resources that would play lesser roles in the nation’s development. The increasing trend of substance abuse among youths has raised a lot of concern among various quarters in Malaysia. It has also been reported that Malay youths are the majority group involved in substance abuse. However, it was noted that life satisfaction had been found to be an important mitigating factor that addressed substance abuse. The objectives of the study were twofold: firstly, to ascertain the effect of life satisfaction on substance abuse among Malay youth. Secondly, to identify the role of delinquency on the relationship between life satisfaction and substance abuse. This study adopted a cross-sectional research design. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 500 Malay youths at the youth programmes using a two-step sampling technique: area sampling and systematic sampling. The research hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modelling. The findings of the study revealed that there is no significance relationship between life satisfaction and substance abuse. There is a significant inverse relationship between life satisfaction and delinquency. Moreover, delinquency has a positive significant influence on substance abuse. The use of Bootstrapping analysis proved that delinquency plays a full mediating role in the relationship between life satisfaction and substance abuse. This study suggested that life satisfaction has no effect on youth substance abuse. In order to reduce substance abuse, efforts should be undertaken to reduce delinquency behaviour by increasing youth life satisfaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delinquency" title="delinquency">delinquency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20satisfaction" title=" life satisfaction"> life satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substance%20abuse" title=" substance abuse"> substance abuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth" title=" youth"> youth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61764/the-impact-of-life-satisfaction-on-substance-abuse-delinquency-as-a-mediator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Improving the Electrical Conductivity of Epoxy Coating Using Carbon Nanotube by Electrodeposition Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahla%20Zabet">Mahla Zabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navid%20Zanganeh"> Navid Zanganeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafez%20Balavi"> Hafez Balavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farbod%20Sharif"> Farbod Sharif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrodeposition is a method for applying coatings with uniform thickness on complex objects. A conductive surface can be produced using the electrical current in this method. Carbon nanotubes are known to have high electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. In this report, NH2-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used in epoxy resin with different weight percent. The weight percent of incorporated MWCNTS into the matrix was changed in the range of 0.6-3.6 wt% to obtain a series of electrocoatings. The electrocoats were then applied on steel substrates by a cathodic electrodeposition technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy were used to characterize the electrocoated films. The results illustrated the increase in conductivity by increasing of MWCNT load. However, at the percolation threshold, throwing power was dropped with increase in recoating ability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrodeposition" title="electrodeposition">electrodeposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotube" title=" carbon nanotube"> carbon nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20conductivity" title=" electrical conductivity"> electrical conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=throwing%20power" title=" throwing power"> throwing power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17061/improving-the-electrical-conductivity-of-epoxy-coating-using-carbon-nanotube-by-electrodeposition-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> A Comparison between Modelled and Actual Thermal Performance of Load Bearing Rammed Earth Walls in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hafez">H. Hafez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mekkawy"> A. Mekkawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rostom"> R. Rostom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Around 10% of the world’s CO₂ emissions could be attributed to the operational energy of buildings; that is why more research is directed towards the use of rammed earth walls which is claimed to have enhanced thermal properties compared to conventional building materials. The objective of this paper is to outline how the thermal performance of rammed earth walls compares to conventional reinforced concrete skeleton and red brick in-fill walls. For this sake, the indoor temperature and relative humidity of a classroom built with rammed earth walls and a vaulted red brick roof in the area of Behbeit, Giza, Egypt were measured hourly over 6 months using smart sensors. These parameters for the rammed earth walls were later also compared against the values obtained using a 'DesignBuilder v5' model to verify the model assumptions. The thermal insulation of rammed earth walls was found to be 30% better than this of the redbrick infill, and the recorded data were found to be almost 90% similar to the modelled values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rammed%20earth" title="rammed earth">rammed earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20insulation" title=" thermal insulation"> thermal insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air%20quality" title=" indoor air quality"> indoor air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20builder" title=" design builder"> design builder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99687/a-comparison-between-modelled-and-actual-thermal-performance-of-load-bearing-rammed-earth-walls-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Modeling of a Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Elsayed%20Ahmed">Ahmed Elsayed Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraf%20Hafez"> Ashraf Hafez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Ouda"> A. N. Ouda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossam%20Eldin%20Hussein%20Ahmed"> Hossam Eldin Hussein Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hala%20Mohamed%20ABD-Elkader"> Hala Mohamed ABD-Elkader</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are playing increasingly prominent roles in defense programs and defense strategies around the world. Technology advancements have enabled the development of it to do many excellent jobs as reconnaissance, surveillance, battle fighters, and communications relays. Simulating a small unmanned aerial vehicle (SUAV) dynamics and analyzing its behavior at the preflight stage is too important and more efficient. The first step in the UAV design is the mathematical modeling of the nonlinear equations of motion. In this paper, a survey with a standard method to obtain the full non-linear equations of motion is utilized,and then the linearization of the equations according to a steady state flight condition (trimming) is derived. This modeling technique is applied to an Ultrastick-25e fixed wing UAV to obtain the valued linear longitudinal and lateral models. At the end, the model is checked by matching between the behavior of the states of the non-linear UAV and the resulted linear model with doublet at the control surfaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAV" title="UAV">UAV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equations%20of%20motion" title=" equations of motion"> equations of motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linearization" title=" linearization"> linearization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23317/modeling-of-a-small-unmanned-aerial-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">743</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Islamic Banking Recovery Process and Its Parameters: A Practitioner’s Viewpoints in the Light of Humanising Financial Services</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Izzam%20Bin%20Mohd%20Khazar">Muhammad Izzam Bin Mohd Khazar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Adibah%20Binti%20Zainudin"> Nur Adibah Binti Zainudin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Islamic banking as one of the financial institutions is highly required to maintain a prudent approach to ensure that any financing given is able to generate income to their respective shareholders. As the default payment of customers is probably occurred in the financing, having a prudent approach in the recovery process is a must to ensure that financing losses are within acceptable limits. The objective of this research is to provide the best practice of recovery which is anticipated to benefit both bank and customers. This study will address arising issue on the current practice of recovery process and followed by providing humanising recovery solutions in the light of the Maqasid Shariah. The study identified main issues pertaining to Islamic recovery process which can be categorized into knowledge crisis, process issues, specific treatment cases and system issues. Knowledge crisis is related to direct parties including judges, solicitors and salesperson, while the recovery process issues include the process of issuance of reminder, foreclosure and repossession of asset. Furthermore, special treatment for particular cases also should be observed since different contracts in Islamic banking products will need different treatment. Finally, issues in the system used in the recovery process are still unresolved since the existing technology is still young in this area to embraced Islamic finance requirements and nature of calculation. In order to humanize the financial services in Islamic banking recovery process, we have highlighted four main recommendation to be implemented by Islamic Financial Institutions namely; 1) early deterrent by improving the awareness, 2) improvement of the internal process, 3) reward mechanism, and 4) creative penalty to provide awareness to all stakeholders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humanizing%20financial%20services" title="humanizing financial services">humanizing financial services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20Finance" title=" Islamic Finance"> Islamic Finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maqasid%20Syariah" title=" Maqasid Syariah"> Maqasid Syariah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovery%20process" title=" recovery process"> recovery process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106422/islamic-banking-recovery-process-and-its-parameters-a-practitioners-viewpoints-in-the-light-of-humanising-financial-services" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Investigating the Application of Social Sustainability: A Case Study in the Egyptian Retailing Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lobna%20Hafez">Lobna Hafez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Elakkad"> Eman Elakkad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustainability is no longer a choice for firms. To achieve sustainable supply chain, all three dimensions of sustainability should be considered. Unlike the economic and environmental aspects, social sustainability has been rarely given attention. The problem surrounding social sustainability and employees’ welfare in Egypt is complex and remains unsolved. The aim of this study is to qualitatively assess the current level of application of social sustainability in the retailing sector in Egypt through using the social sustainability indicators identified in the literature. The purpose of this investigation is to gain knowledge about the complexity of the system involved. A case study is conducted on one of the largest retailers in Egypt. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with managers and employees to determine the level of application and identify the major obstacles affecting the social sustainability in the retailing context. The work developed gives insights about the details and complexities of the application of social sustainability in developing countries, from the retailing perspective. The outcomes of this study will help managers to understand the enablers of social sustainability and will direct them to methods of sound implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20countries" title="developing countries">developing countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egyptian%20retailing%20sector" title=" Egyptian retailing sector"> Egyptian retailing sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability" title=" social sustainability"> social sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122328/investigating-the-application-of-social-sustainability-a-case-study-in-the-egyptian-retailing-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Critical Path Segments Method for Scheduling Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20M.%20Hafez">Sherif M. Hafez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remon%20F.%20Aziz"> Remon F. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=May%20S.%20A.%20Elalim"> May S. A. Elalim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Project managers today rely on scheduling tools based on the Critical Path Method (CPM) to determine the overall project duration and the activities’ float times which lead to greater efficiency in planning and control of projects. CPM was useful for scheduling construction projects, but researchers had highlighted a number of serious drawbacks that limit its use as a decision support tool and lacks the ability to clearly record and represent detailed information. This paper discusses the drawbacks of CPM as a scheduling technique and presents a modified critical path method (CPM) model which is called critical path segments (CPS). The CPS scheduling mechanism addresses the problems of CPM in three ways: decomposing the activity duration of separated but connected time segments; all relationships among activities are converted into finish–to–start relationship; and analysis and calculations are made with forward path. Sample cases are included to illustrate the shortages in CPM, CPS full analysis and calculations are explained in details, and how schedules can be handled better with the CPS technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20management" title="construction management">construction management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scheduling" title=" scheduling"> scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20path%20method" title=" critical path method"> critical path method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20path%20segments" title=" critical path segments"> critical path segments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20pass" title=" forward pass"> forward pass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=float" title=" float"> float</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20control" title=" project control"> project control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17760/critical-path-segments-method-for-scheduling-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Green Energy, Fiscal Incentives and Conflicting Signals: Analysing the Challenges Faced in Promoting on Farm Waste to Energy Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafez%20Abdo">Hafez Abdo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rob%20Ackrill"> Rob Ackrill</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Renewable energy (RE) promotion in the UK relies on multiple policy instruments, which are required to overcome the path dependency pressures favouring fossil fuels. These instruments include targeted funding schemes and economy-wide instruments embedded in the tax code. The resulting complexity of incentives raises important questions around the coherence and effectiveness of these instruments for RE generation. This complexity is exacerbated by UK RE policy being nested within EU policy in a multi-level governance (MLG) setting. To gain analytical traction on such complexity, this study will analyse policies promoting the on-farm generation of energy for heat and power, from farm and food waste, via anaerobic digestion. Utilising both primary and secondary data, it seeks to address a particular lacuna in the academic literature. Via a localised, in-depth investigation into the complexity of policy instruments promoting RE, this study will help our theoretical understanding of the challenges that MLG and path dependency pressures present to policymakers of multi-dimensional policies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title="anaerobic digestion">anaerobic digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green" title=" green"> green</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable" title=" renewable"> renewable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tax" title=" tax"> tax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UK" title=" UK"> UK</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37433/green-energy-fiscal-incentives-and-conflicting-signals-analysing-the-challenges-faced-in-promoting-on-farm-waste-to-energy-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> A Discourse Study of Multimodal Intertextuality in Egyptian Social Media Memes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ola%20Hafez">Ola Hafez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the way selected Egyptian digitally mediated memes utilize intertextuality as a means of expression. It is motivated by the emerging digital socio-political humorous practice using various forms of political commentary in Egyptian social media. One of these forms involves the use of memes incorporating (often doctored) video frames taken from Egyptian plays, films and songs, and relocated in a different socio-political context, often with a caption that re-appropriates the frame for the purpose of critical commentary, thus juxtaposing the socio-political phenomena being addressed and the Egyptian artistic and cultural heritage. The paper presents a discourse study of a convenience sample of a recent social media campaign and carries out two levels of analysis. At the micro level, the study pinpoints the various modes of intertextuality employed, including verbal as well as visual intertextuality in the light of the work of social semiotics by Kress and van Leeuwen. At the macro level, the paper sheds light on the socio-political implications of such practice in the light of Political Discourse Analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digitally%20mediated%20discourse" title="digitally mediated discourse">digitally mediated discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discourse%20analysis" title=" discourse analysis"> discourse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egyptian%20Arabic" title=" Egyptian Arabic"> Egyptian Arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intertextuality" title=" intertextuality"> intertextuality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memes" title=" memes"> memes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodality" title=" multimodality"> multimodality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20discourse%20analysis" title=" political discourse analysis"> political discourse analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101735/a-discourse-study-of-multimodal-intertextuality-in-egyptian-social-media-memes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Food Traceability for Small and Medium Enterprises Using Blockchain Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Kohli">Amit Kohli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooja%20Lekhi"> Pooja Lekhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gihan%20Adel%20Amin%20Hafez"> Gihan Adel Amin Hafez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blockchain is a distributor ledger technology trend that extended to different fields and proved a remarkable success. Blockchain technology is a vital proliferation technique that recuperates the food supply chain traceability process. While tracing is the core of the food supply chain; still, a complex system mitigates the exceptional risk of food contamination, foodborne, food waste, and food fraud. In addition, the upsurge of food supply chain data variance and variety in the traceability system requires complete transparency, a secure, steadfast, sustainable, and efficient approach to face the food supply chain challenges. On the other hand, blockchain technical aspects merged with a detailed implementation plan, the advantages and challenges in food traceability have not been much elucidated for small and medium enterprises (SMEs.) This paper demonstrated the advantages and challenges of applying blockchain in SMEs combined with the success stories of firms implementing blockchain to cover the gap. Moreover, blockchain architecture in SMEs and how technology, organization, and environment frameworks can guarantee the success of blockchain implementation have been revealed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20technology" title="blockchain technology">blockchain technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20and%20medium%20enterprises" title=" small and medium enterprises"> small and medium enterprises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20traceability" title=" food traceability"> food traceability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20architecture" title=" blockchain architecture"> blockchain architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155034/food-traceability-for-small-and-medium-enterprises-using-blockchain-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Effect of Aging Time on CeO2 Nanoparticle Size Distribution Synthesized via Sol-Gel Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navid%20Zanganeh">Navid Zanganeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafez%20Balavi"> Hafez Balavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farbod%20Sharif"> Farbod Sharif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahla%20Zabet"> Mahla Zabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Bakhtiary%20Noodeh"> Marzieh Bakhtiary Noodeh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cerium oxide (CeO2) also known as cerium dioxide or ceria is a pale yellow-white powder with various applications in the industry from wood coating to cosmetics, filtration, fuel cell electrolytes, gas sensors, hybrid solar cells and catalysts. In this research, attempts were made to synthesize and characterization of CeO2 nano-particles via sol-gel method. In addition, the effect of aging time on the size of particles was investigated. For this purpose, the aging times adjusted 48, 56, 64, and 72 min. The obtained particles were characterized by x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmitted electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). As a result, XRD patterns confirmed the formation of CeO2 nanoparticles. SEM and TEM images illustrated the nano-particles with cluster shape, spherical and a nano-size range which was in agreement with XRD results. The finest particles (7.3 nm) was obtained at the optimum condition which was aging time of 48 min, calcination temperature at 400 ⁰C, and cerium concentration of 0.004 mol. Average specific surface area of the particles at optimum condition was measured by BET analysis and recorded as 47.57 m2/g. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging%20time" title="aging time">aging time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CeO2%20nanoparticles" title=" CeO2 nanoparticles"> CeO2 nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size%20distribution" title=" size distribution"> size distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel" title=" sol-gel"> sol-gel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19656/effect-of-aging-time-on-ceo2-nanoparticle-size-distribution-synthesized-via-sol-gel-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Dependency Theory on Examining the Relationship between the United States and the Middle East: In the Case of Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhafez%20Abdel%20Hafez">Abdelhafez Abdel Hafez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dependency theory was developed since 1950s, with economic concerns. It divided the world into two parts, the states of the peripheral (third world countries) and the states of the core (the developed capitalist countries). Another perspective developed to the theory with the implementation of the idea of semi-peripheral states in the new world order. With these divisions (core, peripheral, semi-peripheral) this study aims to develop a concept from the perspective of dependency theory, to understand the nature of the relationship of the U.S. with the Middle East Regions through its relation with Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. The tested countries (Saudi Arabia, Iran and Turkey) are seeking a foothold and influential role in the region. The paper argued that the U.S. directs its policies toward the region, in the way to guarantee no country of the region will be in semi-peripheral level (that could create competitions or danger on the U.S. interest). Therefore, U.S. policies in the region have varied from declaring war to diplomatic channels and sometimes ignoring. The paper is based on the dependency theory, and other international relations theories used to study the Middle East in the international context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dependency" title="dependency">dependency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hegemony" title=" hegemony"> hegemony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imperialism" title=" imperialism"> imperialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20east" title=" middle east"> middle east</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127416/dependency-theory-on-examining-the-relationship-between-the-united-states-and-the-middle-east-in-the-case-of-iran-saudi-arabia-and-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Examines the Proportionality between the Needs of Industry and Technical and Vocational Training of Male and Female Vocational Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalil%20Aryanfar">Khalil Aryanfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pariya%20Gholipor"> Pariya Gholipor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmira%20Hafez"> Elmira Hafez </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the proportionality between the needs of industry and technical and vocational training of male and female vocational schools. The research method was descriptive that was conducted in two parts: documentary analysis and needs assessment and Delphi method was used in the need assessment. The statistical population of the study included 312 individuals from the industry sector employers and 52 of them were selected through stratified random sampling. Methods of data collection in this study, upstream documents include: document of the development of technical and vocational training, Statistical Yearbook 1393 in Tehran, the available documents in Isfahan Planning Department, the findings indicate that there is an almost proportionality between the needs of industry and Vocational training of male and female vocational schools in fields of welding, industrial electronics, electro technique, industrial drawing, auto mechanics, design, packaging, machine tool, metalworking, construction, accounting, computer graphics and the Administrative Affairs. The findings indicate that there is no proportionality between the needs of industry and Vocational training of male and female vocational schools in fields of Thermal - cooling systems, building electricity, building drawing, interior architecture, car electricity and motor repair. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=needs%20assessment" title="needs assessment">needs assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20and%20vocational%20training" title=" technical and vocational training"> technical and vocational training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry" title=" industry "> industry </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14212/examines-the-proportionality-between-the-needs-of-industry-and-technical-and-vocational-training-of-male-and-female-vocational-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Risk Factors for Fall in Elderly with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Jeddah Saudi Arabia 2022: A Cross-Sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rami%20S.%20Alasmari">Rami S. Alasmari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Al%20Zahrani"> Abdullah Al Zahrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hattan%20A.%20Hassani"> Hattan A. Hassani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hattan%20A.%20Hassani"> Hattan A. Hassani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawwaf%20A.%20Almalky"> Nawwaf A. Almalky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20F.%20Bokhari"> Abdullah F. Bokhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alwalied%20A.%20Hafez"> Alwalied A. Hafez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is a major chronic condition that is considered common among elderly people, with multiple potential complications that could contribute to falls. However, this concept is not well understood, thus, the aim of this study is to determine whether diabetes is an independent risk factor for falls in elderly. In this observational cross-sectional study, 309 diabetic patients aged 60 or more who visited the primary healthcare centers of the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs in Jeddah were chosen via convenience sampling method. To collect the data, Semi-structured Fall Risk Assessment questionnaire and Fall Efficacy Score scale were used. The mean age of the participants was estimated to be 68.5 (SD:7.4) years. Among the participants, 48.2% experienced falling before, and 63.1% of them suffered falls in the past 12-months. The results showed that gait problems were independently associated with a higher likelihood of fall among the elderly patients (OR = 1.98, 95%CI, 1.08 to 3.62, p = 0.026. This paper suggests that diabetes mellitus is an independent fall risk factor among elderly. Therefore, identifying such patients as being at higher risk and prompt referral to a specialist falls clinic is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title="diabetes">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fall" title=" fall"> fall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderly" title=" elderly"> elderly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159194/risk-factors-for-fall-in-elderly-with-diabetes-mellitus-type-2-in-jeddah-saudi-arabia-2022-a-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Detection of Viral-Plant Interaction Using Some Pathogenesis Related Protein Genes to Identify Resistant Genes against Potato LeafRoll Virus and Potato Virus Y in Egyptian Isolates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia.%20G.%20Aseel">Dalia. G. Aseel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20E.%20Hafez"> E. E. Hafez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Hammad"> S. M. Hammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Viral RNAs of both potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) and potato virus Y (PVY) were extracted from infected potato leaves collected from different Egyptian regions. Differential Display Polymerase Chain Reaction (DD-PCR) using (Endogluconase, β-1,3-glucanases, Chitinase, Peroxidase and Polyphenol oxidase) primers (forward strand) for was performed. The obtained data revealed different banding patterns depending on the viral type and the region of infection. Regarding PLRV, a 58 up regulated and 19 down regulated genes were detected, while, 31 up regulated and 14 down regulated genes were observed in case of PVY. Based on the nucleotide sequencing, variable phylogenetic relationships were reported for the three sequenced genes coding for: Induced stolen tip protein, Disease resistance RPP-like protein and non-specific lipid-transfer protein. In a complementary approach, using the quantitative Real-time PCR, the expressions of PRs genes understudy were estimated in the infected leaves by PLRV and PVY of three potato cultivars (Spunta, Diamont and Cara). The infection with both viruses inhibited the expressions of the five PRs genes. On the contrary, infected leaves by PLRV or PVY elevated the expression of some defense genes. This interaction also may be enhanced and/or inhibited the expression of some genes responsible for the plant defense mechanisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLRV" title="PLRV">PLRV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVY" title=" PVY"> PVY</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PR%20genes" title=" PR genes"> PR genes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DD-PCR" title=" DD-PCR"> DD-PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qRT-PCR" title=" qRT-PCR"> qRT-PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequencing" title=" sequencing"> sequencing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69117/detection-of-viral-plant-interaction-using-some-pathogenesis-related-protein-genes-to-identify-resistant-genes-against-potato-leafroll-virus-and-potato-virus-y-in-egyptian-isolates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Pre-Malignant Breast Lesions, Methods of Treatment and Outcome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mostafa">Ahmed Mostafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Mahmoud"> Mohamed Mahmoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesreen%20H.%20Hafez"> Nesreen H. Hafez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Fahim"> Mohamed Fahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This retrospective study includes 60 patients with pre-invasive breast cancer. Aim of the study: Evaluation of premalignant lesions of the breast (DCIS), different treatment methods and outcome. Patients and methods: 60 patients with DCIS were studied from the period between 2005 to 2012, for 38 patients the primary surgical method was wide local resection (WLE) (63.3%) and the other cases (22 patients, 36.7%) had mastectomy, fourteen cases from those who underwent local excision received radiotherapy, while no adjuvant radiotherapy was given for those who underwent mastectomy. In case of hormonal receptor positive DCIS lesions hormonal treatment (Tamoxifen) was given after local control. Results: No difference in overall survival between mastectomy & breast conserving therapy (wide local excision and adjuvant radiotherapy), however local recurrence rate is higher in case of breast conserving therapy, also no role of Axillary evacuation in case of DCIS. The use of hormonal therapy decreases the incidence of local recurrence by about 98%. Conclusion: The main management of DCIS is local treatment (wide local excision and radiotherapy) with hormonal treatment in case of hormone receptor positive lesions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductal%20carcinoma%20in%20situ" title="ductal carcinoma in situ">ductal carcinoma in situ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgical%20treatment" title=" surgical treatment"> surgical treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiotherapy" title=" radiotherapy"> radiotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20conserving%20therapy" title=" breast conserving therapy"> breast conserving therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hormonal%20treatment" title=" hormonal treatment"> hormonal treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47658/pre-malignant-breast-lesions-methods-of-treatment-and-outcome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47658.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Investigating the Relationship between Place Attachment and Sustainable Development of Urban Spaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Reza%20Zeraatpisheh">Hamid Reza Zeraatpisheh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar%20Heidari"> Ali Akbar Heidari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soleiman%20Mohammadi%20Doust"> Soleiman Mohammadi Doust</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study has examined the relationship between place attachment and sustainable development of urban spaces. To perform this, the components of place identity, emotional attachment, place attachment and social bonding which totally constitute the output of place attachment, by means of the standardized questionnaire measure place attachment in three domains of (cognitive) the place identity, (affective) emotional attachment and (behavioral) place attachment and social bonding. To measure sustainable development, three components of sustainable development, including society, economy and environment has been considered. The study is descriptive. The assessment instrument is the standard questionnaire of Safarnia which has been used to measure the variable of place attachment and to measure the variable of sustainable development, a questionnaire has been made by the researcher and been based on the combined theoretical framework. The statistical population of this research has been the city of Shiraz. The statistical sample has been Hafeziyeh. SPSS software has been used to analyze the data and examined the results of both descriptive and inferential statistics. In inferential statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient has been used to examine the hypotheses. In this study, the variable of place attachment is high and sustainable development is also in a high level. These results suggest a positive relationship between attachment to place and sustainable development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=place%20attachment" title="place attachment">place attachment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economy-society-environment" title=" economy-society-environment"> economy-society-environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafez%27s%20tomb" title=" Hafez's tomb"> Hafez's tomb</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15610/investigating-the-relationship-between-place-attachment-and-sustainable-development-of-urban-spaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">701</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> High Precision 65nm CMOS Rectifier for Energy Harvesting using Threshold Voltage Minimization in Telemedicine Embedded System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafez%20Fouad">Hafez Fouad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Telemedicine applications have very low voltage which required High Precision Rectifier Design with high Sensitivity to operate at minimum input Voltage. In this work, we targeted 0.2V input voltage using 65 nm CMOS rectifier for Energy Harvesting Telemedicine application. The proposed rectifier which designed at 2.4GHz using two-stage structure found to perform in a better case where minimum operation voltage is lower than previous published paper and the rectifier can work at a wide range of low input voltage amplitude. The Performance Summary of Full-wave fully gate cross-coupled rectifiers (FWFR) CMOS Rectifier at F = 2.4 GHz: The minimum and maximum output voltages generated using an input voltage amplitude of 2 V are 490.9 mV and 1.997 V, maximum VCE = 99.85 % and maximum PCE = 46.86 %. The Performance Summary of Differential drive CMOS rectifier with external bootstrapping circuit rectifier at F = 2.4 GHz: The minimum and maximum output voltages generated using an input voltage amplitude of 2V are 265.5 mV (0.265V) and 1.467 V respectively, maximum VCE = 93.9 % and maximum PCE= 15.8 %. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20harvesting" title="energy harvesting">energy harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20system" title=" embedded system"> embedded system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT%20telemedicine%20system" title=" IoT telemedicine system"> IoT telemedicine system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20voltage%20minimization" title=" threshold voltage minimization"> threshold voltage minimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20drive%20cmos%20rectifier" title=" differential drive cmos rectifier"> differential drive cmos rectifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=full-wave%20fully%20gate%20cross-coupled%20rectifiers%20CMOS%20rectifier" title=" full-wave fully gate cross-coupled rectifiers CMOS rectifier"> full-wave fully gate cross-coupled rectifiers CMOS rectifier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150296/high-precision-65nm-cmos-rectifier-for-energy-harvesting-using-threshold-voltage-minimization-in-telemedicine-embedded-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span 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