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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97" title="করোনাভাইরাস রোগ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="করোনাভাইরাস রোগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronvirusa_malsano" title="Kronvirusa malsano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kronvirusa malsano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_%C3%A0_coronavirus" title="Maladie à coronavirus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maladie à coronavirus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%98%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B0%90%EC%97%BC%EC%A6%9D" title="코로나바이러스 감염증 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코로나바이러스 감염증" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%AD%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%84%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2" title="ໂລກຕິດເຊື້ອໄວລັດໂຄໂລນາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂລກຕິດເຊື້ອໄວລັດໂຄໂລນາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="ကိုရိုနာဗိုင်းရပ်စ် ရောဂါ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကိုရိုနာဗိုင်းရပ်စ် ရောဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E7%97%87" title="コロナウイルス感染症 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コロナウイルス感染症" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronavirus_kasalliklari" title="Koronavirus kasalliklari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Koronavirus kasalliklari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doen%C3%A7a_por_coronav%C3%ADrus" title="Doença por coronavírus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Doença por coronavírus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Коронавирусная инфекция – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коронавирусная инфекция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_disease" title="Coronavirus disease – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Coronavirus disease" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Коронавирусна болест – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Коронавирусна болест" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கொரோனா வைரஸ் நோய்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொரோனா வைரஸ் நோய்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zw%C3%A1n_Koronavirut" title="Zwán Koronavirut – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Zwán Koronavirut" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Коронавірусна інфекція – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коронавірусна інфекція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کورونا وائرس بیماری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کورونا وائرس بیماری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%87nh_virus_corona" title="Bệnh virus corona – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bệnh virus corona" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85" title="冠状病毒病 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="冠状病毒病" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18975243#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">List of Coronavirus diseases</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about coronavirus diseases in general. For the disease involved in the pandemic since 2019, see <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">Coronaviruses</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="HCoV-229E virus"><img alt="HCoV-229E virus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/160px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/240px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/320px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1368" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus#Classification" title="Coronavirus">Types</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphacoronavirus" title="Alphacoronavirus">Alphacoronavirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betacoronavirus" title="Betacoronavirus">Betacoronavirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gammacoronavirus" title="Gammacoronavirus">Gammacoronavirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deltacoronavirus_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deltacoronavirus (genus)">Deltacoronavirus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Diseases</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">Common cold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS" title="SARS">SARS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MERS" title="MERS">MERS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Vaccines</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Epidemics and pandemics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">SARS</a> <small>(2002–2004)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MERS_outbreak" title="MERS outbreak">MERS</a> <small>(2012-present)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19</a> <small>(2019-present)</small></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronaviridae" title="Coronaviridae">Coronaviridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novel_coronavirus" title="Novel coronavirus">Novel coronavirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coronavirus" title="History of coronavirus">History of coronavirus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coronavirus" title="Template:Coronavirus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coronavirus" title="Template talk:Coronavirus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coronavirus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coronavirus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3D_medical_animation_coronavirus_structure.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/3D_medical_animation_coronavirus_structure.jpg/260px-3D_medical_animation_coronavirus_structure.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/3D_medical_animation_coronavirus_structure.jpg/390px-3D_medical_animation_coronavirus_structure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/3D_medical_animation_coronavirus_structure.jpg/520px-3D_medical_animation_coronavirus_structure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2150" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Structural view of a coronavirus</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Coronavirus diseases</b> are caused by <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viruses</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">coronavirus</a> subfamily, a group of related <a href="/wiki/Orthornavirae" title="Orthornavirae">RNA viruses</a> that cause diseases in <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a>. In humans and birds, the group of viruses cause <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_tract_infection" title="Respiratory tract infection">respiratory tract infections</a> that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illnesses in humans include some cases of the <a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">common cold</a> (which is also caused by other viruses, predominantly <a href="/wiki/Rhinovirus" title="Rhinovirus">rhinoviruses</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while more lethal varieties can cause <a href="/wiki/SARS" title="SARS">SARS</a>, <a href="/wiki/MERS" title="MERS">MERS</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2021, 45 species are registered as coronaviruses,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whilst 11 diseases have been identified, as listed below. </p><p>Coronaviruses are known for their shape resembling a <a href="/wiki/Stellar_corona" title="Stellar corona">stellar corona</a>, such as that of the Sun visible during a total <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse" title="Solar eclipse">solar eclipse</a>; <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corona" class="extiw" title="wikt:corona">corona</a></i> is derived from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <i> corōna</i> 'garland, wreath, crown'.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was coined by Tony Waterson (professor of <a href="/wiki/Virology" title="Virology">virology</a> at <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas%27_Hospital" title="St Thomas' Hospital">St Thomas' Hospital</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a meeting with his colleagues <a href="/wiki/June_Almeida" title="June Almeida">June Almeida</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Tyrrell_(physician)" title="David Tyrrell (physician)">David Tyrrell</a>, the founding fathers of coronavirus studies, and was first used in a <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i> article in 1968,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with approval by the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">International Committee for the Nomenclature of Viruses</a> three years later.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first coronavirus disease was discovered in the late 1920s. <i><a href="/wiki/Coronaviridae" title="Coronaviridae">Coronaviridae</a></i> were generally of limited interest to the wider scientific community, until the appearance of SARS. Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s, through a variety of experiments in the United States and the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A common origin in human coronaviruses is bats.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List">List</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronavirus_diseases&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus#Infection_in_humans" title="Coronavirus">Coronavirus infection in humans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Novel_coronavirus" title="Novel coronavirus">Novel coronavirus</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Coronavirus diseases </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Host_(biology)" title="Host (biology)">Host organism</a> </th> <th>Disease </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pathogen" title="Pathogen">Pathogen</a> </th> <th>Year of Discovery </th> <th class="unsortable">Details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Birds" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds">Birds</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Avian_infectious_bronchitis" title="Avian infectious bronchitis">Avian infectious bronchitis</a></b> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Avian_coronavirus" title="Avian coronavirus">Avian coronavirus</a></i> (IBV) </td> <td>1920s<sup id="cite_ref-:02_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Isolation_(microbiology)" title="Isolation (microbiology)">isolated</a> in 1938)</span><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Discovered in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pigs" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigs">Pigs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogs">dogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cats" class="mw-redirect" title="Cats">cats</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Enteritis" title="Enteritis">Enteritis</a></b> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Transmissible_gastroenteritis_virus" title="Transmissible gastroenteritis virus">Transmissible gastroenteritis virus</a></i> (TGEV) </td> <td>1946 <span class="nowrap">(isolated in 1965)</span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Infects pigs,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cats,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Humans">Humans</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">Common cold</a></b> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_229E" title="Human coronavirus 229E">Human coronavirus 229E</a></i> (<i>HCoV‑229E</i>) </td> <td>1930s <span class="nowrap">(isolated in 1965)</span><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Possibly originated from <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mice" class="mw-redirect" title="Mice">Mice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rats" class="mw-redirect" title="Rats">rats</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Encephalitis" title="Encephalitis">Encephalitis</a></b> </td> <td><i>MHV-JHM</i>, a strain of <a href="/wiki/Murine_coronavirus#Murine_hepatitis_virus" title="Murine coronavirus">murine coronavirus</a> (<i>M‑CoV</i>) named after <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Mueller" title="John Howard Mueller">John Howard Mueller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1949<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Humans </td> <td><b>Common cold</b> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_OC43" title="Human coronavirus OC43">Human coronavirus OC43</a></i> (<i>HCoV‑OC43</i>) </td> <td>1967<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Possibly originated from <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodents</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Host_jump" class="mw-redirect" title="Host jump">jumped through</a> cattle to humans.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pigs </td> <td><b>Enteritis</b> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Porcine_epidemic_diarrhea_virus" title="Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus">Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus</a></i> (PEDV) </td> <td>1971<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Infects pigs. <br />Caused <a href="/wiki/Outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="Outbreak">outbreaks</a> in 1972<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1978,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2010, 2013, 2014, and 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dogs </td> <td><b>Enteritis</b> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Canine_coronavirus" title="Canine coronavirus">Canine coronavirus</a></i> (<i>CCoV</i>) </td> <td>1971 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cats </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Feline_infectious_peritonitis" title="Feline infectious peritonitis">Feline infectious peritonitis</a></b> (FIP) </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Feline_coronavirus" title="Feline coronavirus">Feline coronavirus</a></i> (<i>FCoV</i>) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">Cattle</a> </td> <td><b>Enteritis</b> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bovine_coronavirus" title="Bovine coronavirus">Bovine coronavirus</a></i> (BCV or <i>BCoV</i>) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Humans </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">Severe acute respiratory syndrome</a></b> (SARS) </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus">Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus</a></i> (<i>SARS‑CoV</i> or <i>SARS‑CoV‑1</i>), a strain of <i><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome%E2%80%93related_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus">severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus</a></i> (<i>SARSr‑CoV</i>) </td> <td>2002 </td> <td>Discovered in <a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a>, China.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />Caused the <a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">2002–2004 SARS outbreak</a>. <br />Possibly originated from <a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_bat" title="Horseshoe bat">horseshoe bats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Humans </td> <td><b>Common cold</b> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_HKU1" title="Human coronavirus HKU1">Human coronavirus HKU1</a></i> (<i>HCoV‑HKU1</i>) </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>Discovered in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, China.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Humans </td> <td><b>Common cold</b> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_NL63" title="Human coronavirus NL63">Human coronavirus NL63</a></i> (<i>HCoV‑NL63</i>) </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>Discovered in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />Possibly originated from <a href="/wiki/Tricolored_bat" title="Tricolored bat">tricolored bats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pycnonotus_sinensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pycnonotus sinensis">Chinese bulbuls</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bulbul_coronavirus_HKU11" title="Bulbul coronavirus HKU11">Bulbul coronavirus HKU11</a></i> (<i>BulbulCoV‑HKU11</i>) </td> <td>2008 </td> <td>Discovered in Hong Kong, China.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Humans </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">Middle East respiratory syndrome</a></b> (MERS) </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome%E2%80%93related_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus">Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus</a></i> (<i>MERS‑CoV</i>) </td> <td>2012 </td> <td>Discovered in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>, Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />Caused outbreaks in <a href="/wiki/2012_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak">2012</a>, <a href="/wiki/2015_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak in South Korea">2015</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2018_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak">2018</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pigs </td> <td><b>Enteritis</b> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_HKU15" title="Coronavirus HKU15">Porcine coronavirus HKU15</a></i> (<i>PorCov‑HKU15</i>) </td> <td>2014 </td> <td>Discovered in Hong Kong, China.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Humans </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">Coronavirus disease 2019</a></b> (COVID‑19) </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</a></i> (<i>SARS‑CoV‑2</i>), a strain of <i>SARSr‑CoV</i> </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>Discovered in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, China.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />Caused the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. <br />Possibly originated from <a href="/wiki/Pangolin" title="Pangolin">pangolins</a>, horseshoe bats, or both.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronavirus_diseases&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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