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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Fotomanipulasjon" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Fotomanipulasjon" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke 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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Teknikk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teknikk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Teknikk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teknikk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bruk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bruk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bruk</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bruk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Bruk</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bruk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fotomontasje_og_kollasjer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fotomontasje_og_kollasjer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Fotomontasje og kollasjer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fotomontasje_og_kollasjer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retusjering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retusjering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Retusjering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retusjering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_presse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_presse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>I presse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_presse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_reklame" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_reklame"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>I reklame</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_reklame-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fotomanipulasjon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 23 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billedmanipulation" title="Billedmanipulation – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Billedmanipulation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bildmanipulering" title="Bildmanipulering – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bildmanipulering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1" title="تلاعب بالصور – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تلاعب بالصور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoc_fotogr%C3%A0fic" title="Retoc fotogràfic – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Retoc fotogràfic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotomanipulace" title="Fotomanipulace – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fotomanipulace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotomanipulation" title="Fotomanipulation – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fotomanipulation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotot%C3%B6%C3%B6tlus" title="Fototöötlus – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fototöötlus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photograph_manipulation" title="Photograph manipulation – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Photograph manipulation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipulaci%C3%B3n_fotogr%C3%A1fica" title="Manipulación fotográfica – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Manipulación fotográfica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B4" title="رتوش – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رتوش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retouche_d%27image" title="Retouche d'image – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Retouche d'image" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipulaci%C3%B3n_fotogr%C3%A1fica" title="Manipulación fotográfica – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Manipulación fotográfica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%84_%EC%A1%B0%EC%9E%91" title="사진 조작 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사진 조작" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipulasi_foto" title="Manipulasi foto – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Manipulasi foto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%99" title="עיבוד תמונה מגמתי – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיבוד תמונה מגמתי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retus%C3%A1l%C3%A1s" title="Retusálás – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Retusálás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beeldmanipulatie" title="Beeldmanipulatie – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Beeldmanipulatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F%E7%B7%A8%E9%9B%86" title="写真編集 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="写真編集" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratamento_de_imagem" title="Tratamento de imagem – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tratamento de imagem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Обрада дигиталне слике – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Обрада дигиталне слике" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuvamanipulaatio" title="Kuvamanipulaatio – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuvamanipulaatio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foto_manip%C3%BClasyon" title="Foto manipülasyon – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Foto manipülasyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%A3%BE%E7%85%A7%E7%89%87" title="修飾照片 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="修飾照片" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q141130#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fotomanipulasjon" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Fotomanipulasjon" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fotomanipulasjon"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fotomanipulasjon"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Fotomanipulasjon" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Fotomanipulasjon" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&oldid=24696639" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Fotomanipulasjon&id=24696639&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Christian-krohg-leiv-eriksson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Christian-krohg-leiv-eriksson.jpg/200px-Christian-krohg-leiv-eriksson.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Christian-krohg-leiv-eriksson.jpg/300px-Christian-krohg-leiv-eriksson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Christian-krohg-leiv-eriksson.jpg/400px-Christian-krohg-leiv-eriksson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1302" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malerkunst" title="Malerkunst">Originalmaleriet</a> <i>Leiv Eriksson oppdager Amerika</i> ble malt av <a href="/wiki/Chr._Krohg" class="mw-redirect" title="Chr. Krohg">Chr. Krohg</a> i 1893.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Eriksson-Dali-400x257.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Eriksson-Dali-400x257.jpg/200px-Eriksson-Dali-400x257.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Eriksson-Dali-400x257.jpg/300px-Eriksson-Dali-400x257.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Eriksson-Dali-400x257.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="257" /></a><figcaption>Denne <a href="/wiki/Kollasje" class="mw-redirect" title="Kollasje">kollasjen</a>, med tittelen <a href="/wiki/Mj%C3%B8d" title="Mjød">"Sterk Mjød"</a>, er satt sammen av deler av fotografier av malerier av Chr. Krohg og <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dali" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvador Dali">Salvador Dali</a>. Den kvalifiserte til finaleplass i <a href="/wiki/Norgesmesterskapet_i_fotofikling" title="Norgesmesterskapet i fotofikling">NM i fotofikling</a> i <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>. ©<a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Haraldsen" title="Robert E. Haraldsen">Robert E. Haraldsen</a>. </figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:1918_vmayakovsky-lbrik_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/1918_vmayakovsky-lbrik_retouched.jpg/120px-1918_vmayakovsky-lbrik_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/1918_vmayakovsky-lbrik_retouched.jpg/180px-1918_vmayakovsky-lbrik_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/1918_vmayakovsky-lbrik_retouched.jpg/240px-1918_vmayakovsky-lbrik_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="959" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografi" title="Fotografi">Fotografiet</a> av <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Majakovskij" title="Vladimir Majakovskij">Vladimir Majakovskij</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilja_Brik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lilja Brik (ikke skrevet ennå)">Lilja Brik</a> fra <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> ble av politiske hensyn retusjert i offisielle <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">sovjetrussiske</a> publikasjoner på <a href="/wiki/1960-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1960-tallet">1960-tallet</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fotomanipulasjon</b> er å forandre et <a href="/wiki/Fotografi" title="Fotografi">originalfoto</a> slik at det får et nytt innhold og betydning, men ofte ikke mer enn at man kan gjenkjenne en del av utgangsbildet. Fotomanipulasjon kan i tillegg bety å sette sammen flere fotografier til en ny komposisjon, selv om slike bilder i <a href="/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst">kunsten</a> vanligvis kalles <a href="/wiki/Fotomontasje" title="Fotomontasje">fotomontasje</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Kollasje" class="mw-redirect" title="Kollasje">kollasje</a>. Også retusjering av fotografier og <a href="/wiki/Fotomontasje" title="Fotomontasje">fotomontasjer</a> er fotomanipulasjon selv om teknikkene ikke vanligvis kalles det. </p><p>Fotomanipulasjon ved hjelp av datamaskiner blir også kalt <i>fotofikling</i> etter en <a href="/wiki/Neologisme" title="Neologisme">nyord</a>-konkurranse hos <a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a> i 2003. Nyordet, foreslått av en journalist i <a href="/wiki/Sarpsborg" title="Sarpsborg">Sarpsborg</a>, fikk senere gode skussmål blant annet fra tidligere leder av Språkrådet, <a href="/wiki/Sylfest_Lomheim" title="Sylfest Lomheim">Sylfest Lomheim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teknikk">Teknikk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Teknikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Teknikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I senere tid blir datamaskiner brukt sammen med spesielle <a href="/wiki/Bildebehandlingsprogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Bildebehandlingsprogram">bildebehandlingsprogrammer</a> som for eksempel <a href="/wiki/Photoshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoshop">Photoshop</a>. Tidligere ble det brukt klipping og liming for å lage collager og fotomontasjer og <a href="/wiki/Maling" title="Maling">maling</a> for å retusjere vekk uønskede detaljer og partier. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bruk">Bruk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bruk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bruk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fotomontasje_og_kollasjer">Fotomontasje og kollasjer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fotomontasje og kollasjer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fotomontasje og kollasjer"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Fotomontasje og kollasjer har tradisjonelt blitt brukt for å lage kunstnerisk interessante komposisjoner eller for å formidle et budskap eller en bildeidé tydeligere. Formålet kan være reint <a href="/wiki/Pedagogikk" title="Pedagogikk">pedagogisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Visuell_kommunikasjon" title="Visuell kommunikasjon">kommunikativt</a>, det vil si for å forklare et forhold visuelt, men sammenstillingene er ofte bevisst <a href="/wiki/Surrealisme" title="Surrealisme">surrealistiske</a> og <a href="/wiki/Humor" title="Humor">humoristiske</a>. </p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Shakedown_2008_Figure_1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Shakedown_2008_Figure_1a.jpg/120px-Shakedown_2008_Figure_1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Shakedown_2008_Figure_1a.jpg/180px-Shakedown_2008_Figure_1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Shakedown_2008_Figure_1a.jpg/240px-Shakedown_2008_Figure_1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._2_Betrachten_25_%25.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._2_Betrachten_25_%25.png/120px-GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._2_Betrachten_25_%25.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._2_Betrachten_25_%25.png/180px-GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._2_Betrachten_25_%25.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._2_Betrachten_25_%25.png/240px-GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._2_Betrachten_25_%25.png 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="651" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._3_Ausgangssituation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._3_Ausgangssituation.png/120px-GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._3_Ausgangssituation.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._3_Ausgangssituation.png/180px-GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._3_Ausgangssituation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._3_Ausgangssituation.png/240px-GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._3_Ausgangssituation.png 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="685" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._3_Freigestelltes_Objekt_im_anderen_Bild.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._3_Freigestelltes_Objekt_im_anderen_Bild.png/120px-GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._3_Freigestelltes_Objekt_im_anderen_Bild.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._3_Freigestelltes_Objekt_im_anderen_Bild.png/180px-GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._3_Freigestelltes_Objekt_im_anderen_Bild.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._3_Freigestelltes_Objekt_im_anderen_Bild.png/240px-GIMP_2.6_Anleitung_Abs._3_Freigestelltes_Objekt_im_anderen_Bild.png 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="685" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:GIMP_2.6_Ergebnis_Bildmanipulation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/GIMP_2.6_Ergebnis_Bildmanipulation.png/120px-GIMP_2.6_Ergebnis_Bildmanipulation.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/GIMP_2.6_Ergebnis_Bildmanipulation.png/180px-GIMP_2.6_Ergebnis_Bildmanipulation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/GIMP_2.6_Ergebnis_Bildmanipulation.png/240px-GIMP_2.6_Ergebnis_Bildmanipulation.png 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="968" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retusjering">Retusjering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Retusjering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Retusjering"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fotomanipulasjon i betydningen retusjering kan også brukes til å rydde opp i rotete og uklare motiver eller til å forskjønne for eksempel <a href="/wiki/Fotomodell" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotomodell">fotomodeller</a>. Retusjering med maling og pensel var tidligere svært vanlig, både på studioportretter og bilder til bruk i aviser, blader og bøker. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="I_presse">I presse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: I presse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen I presse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Avis" title="Avis">Aviser</a> og andre <a href="/wiki/Massemedier" title="Massemedier">massemedier</a> har vært kritiske til økt bruk av bildemanipulasjon fordi det kan skade den <a href="/wiki/Journalistikk" title="Journalistikk">journalistiske</a> troverdigheten. Manipulerte bilder blir derfor merket med en M i enkelte publikasjoner. </p><p>Et eksempel på fotomanipulasjon brukt for å forfalske fotografisk dokumentasjon eller bevisst villede publikum og lesere, skjedde under <a href="/wiki/Krig" title="Krig">krigen</a> mellom <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hizbollah" title="Hizbollah">Hizbollah</a> sommeren <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>. Da forandret den libanesiske <a href="/wiki/Freelance" class="mw-redirect" title="Freelance">freelance</a><a href="/wiki/Fotograf" title="Fotograf">fotografen</a> <a href="/wiki/Adnan_Hajj" title="Adnan Hajj">Adnan Hajj</a> flere bilder. Han forsterket blant annet røyken fra bombenedslag i <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a> og kopierte inn flere fly. Nyhetsbyrået <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> trakk etter dette tilbake over 900 fotografier av frykt for at flere var manipulert. Teknikken har også ført til at fotografier ikke lenger er like pålitelig som bevis i rettssaker. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="I_reklame">I reklame</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: I reklame" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen I reklame"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Photomontage_(Forggensee_Panorama)_-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Photomontage_%28Forggensee_Panorama%29_-2.jpg/380px-Photomontage_%28Forggensee_Panorama%29_-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="380" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Photomontage_%28Forggensee_Panorama%29_-2.jpg/570px-Photomontage_%28Forggensee_Panorama%29_-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Photomontage_%28Forggensee_Panorama%29_-2.jpg/760px-Photomontage_%28Forggensee_Panorama%29_-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4569" data-file-height="1770" /></a><figcaption>Fotomontasje av 16 bilder som er digitalt manipulert i <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Photoshop</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Reklame" title="Reklame">Reklameindustrien</a> har derimot trykket fotomanipulasjon til seg og bruker teknikken rutinemessig for å skape effekter og justere motiver. </p><p>Vanlige endringer på fotomodeller, særlig såkalte <a href="/wiki/Glamour" title="Glamour">glamourmodeller</a>, kan være å </p> <ul><li>gjøre <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5r" title="Hår">hår</a> skinnende</li> <li>fjerne uønsket hår som faller på feil sted</li> <li>legge til <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8ylys" class="mw-redirect" title="Høylys">høylys</a></li> <li>ta bort rynker, solskadet <a href="/wiki/Hud" title="Hud">hud</a>, blemmer og annet</li> <li>legge til et glans i huden</li> <li>gjøre <a href="/wiki/Tenner" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenner">tenner</a> og <a href="/wiki/%C3%98ye" title="Øye">øyne</a> hvitere</li> <li>forstørre pupiller</li> <li>redusere hofter</li> <li>forlenge ben</li> <li>forstørre bryster</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fotomontasje" title="Fotomontasje">Fotomontasje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotografi" title="Fotografi">Fotografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popkunst" title="Popkunst">Popkunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norgesmesterskapet_i_Fotofikling" class="mw-redirect" title="Norgesmesterskapet i Fotofikling">Norgesmesterskapet i Fotofikling (NRK 2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Haraldsen" title="Robert E. Haraldsen">Robert E. Haraldsen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomanipulasjon&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nrk.no/magasin/humor/1.3186662">http://www.nrk.no/magasin/humor/1.3186662</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div id="catlinks"><p id="portlinks" class="catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portaler" 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