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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Prime minister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Political crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Man_of_letters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Man_of_letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Man of letters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Man_of_letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assassination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Assassination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology_and_thought" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology_and_thought"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ideology and thought</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideology_and_thought-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Other sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Antonio Cánovas del Castillo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88" title="أنطونيو كانوباس ديل كاستيو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنطونيو كانوباس ديل كاستيو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%ED%86%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%98%A4_%EC%B9%B4%EB%85%B8%EB%B0%94%EC%8A%A4_%EB%8D%B8_%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0%EC%9A%94" title="안토니오 카노바스 델 카스티요 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안토니오 카노바스 델 카스티요" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%B8" title="Կանովաս դել Կաստիլյո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կանովաս դել Կաստիլյո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A1_%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95" title="אנטוניו קאנובס דל קסטיו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנטוניו קאנובס דל קסטיו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D" title="ანტონიო კანოვას დელ კასტილიო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანტონიო კანოვას დელ კასტილიო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonius_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonius Cánovas del Castillo – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Antonius Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88" title="انطونيو كانوباس ديل كاستيو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انطونيو كانوباس ديل كاستيو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Кановас дель Кастильо, Антонио – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кановас дель Кастильо, Антонио" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BE" title="Антонио Кановас дел Кастиљо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Антонио Кановас дел Кастиљо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Антоніо Кановас дель Кастільйо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Антоніо Кановас дель Кастільйо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%AB%BE%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%8F%90%E7%95%A5" title="安東尼奧·卡諾瓦斯·德爾卡斯提略 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="安東尼奧·卡諾瓦斯·德爾卡斯提略" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Spanish politician and Bourbon Restoration architect (1828–1897)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Canova" title="Antonio Canova">Antonio Canova</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Cánovas</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> del Castillo</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Excellent" title="The Most Excellent">The Most Excellent</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Antonio Cánovas del Castillo</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:CFP_Canovas_del_Castillo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/CFP_Canovas_del_Castillo.jpg/220px-CFP_Canovas_del_Castillo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="416" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/CFP_Canovas_del_Castillo.jpg/330px-CFP_Canovas_del_Castillo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/CFP_Canovas_del_Castillo.jpg/440px-CFP_Canovas_del_Castillo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="868" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />24 March 1895 – 8 August 1897</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alfonso XIII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Azc%C3%A1rraga_Palmero" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero">Marcelo Azcárraga</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />8 July 1890 – 13 December 1892</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">Alfonso XIII</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 January 1884 – 28 November 1885</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XII" title="Alfonso XII">Alfonso XII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Posada_Herrera" title="José Posada Herrera">José Posada Herrera</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 December 1879 – 10 February 1881</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">Alfonso XII</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Mart%C3%ADnez_Campos" title="Arsenio Martínez Campos">Arsenio Martínez Campos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 December 1875 – 8 March 1879</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">Alfonso XII</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Joaquín Jovellar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Arsenio Martínez Campos</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 January 1875 – 12 September 1875</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">Alfonso XII</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Jovellar_y_Soler" title="Joaquín Jovellar y Soler">Joaquín Jovellar</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">President of the Minister-Regency</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />31 December 1874 – 10 January 1875</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Himself</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</li><li><span style="font-size:85%;">as Prime Minister</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serrano,_1st_Duke_of_la_Torre" title="Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre">Francisco Serrano</a></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;">as <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Spain" title="List of heads of state of Spain">President</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><i>Himself</i></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;">as Prime Minister</span></li><li>Alfonso XII</li><li><span style="font-size:85%;">as <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">King</a></span></li></ul></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Seat <i>c</i> of the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Espa%C3%B1ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia Española">Real Academia Española</a></i></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 November 1867 – 8 August 1897</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Saavedra,_3rd_Duke_of_Rivas" title="Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas">Ángel de Saavedra</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Daniel de Cortázar</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Antonio Cánovas del Castillo</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1828-02-08</span>)</span>8 February 1828<br /><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>, Spain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 August 1897<span style="display:none">(1897-08-08)</span> (aged 69)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mondrag%C3%B3n" title="Mondragón">Mondragón</a>, Spain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Pantheon_of_Illustrious_Men" title="Pantheon of Illustrious Men">Pantheon of Illustrious Men</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Spain)" title="Conservative Party (Spain)">Conservative Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Firma_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Firma_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.png/128px-Firma_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Firma_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.png/192px-Firma_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Firma_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.png/256px-Firma_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.png 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>El Monstruo</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Antonio Cánovas del Castillo</b><sup id="cite_ref-Karnow_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karnow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (8 February 1828 – 8 August 1897) was a Spanish politician and historian known principally for serving six terms as <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Prime Minister">prime minister</a> and his overarching role as "architect" of the regime that ensued with the <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Spain)" title="Restoration (Spain)">1874 restoration of the Bourbon monarchy</a>. He was assassinated by Italian <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchist</a> <a href="/wiki/Michele_Angiolillo" title="Michele Angiolillo">Michele Angiolillo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Spain)" title="Conservative Party (Spain)">Liberal-Conservative Party</a>—also known more simply as the Conservative Party—the name of Cánovas became symbolic of the alternate succession in the Restoration regime along with <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</a>'s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz199814–15_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz199814–15-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_diputados_pintados_por_sus_hechos,_Peralta,_Palau_y_Gener%C3%A9s,_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo,_Garc%C3%ADa_Briz_(cropped)_Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Los_diputados_pintados_por_sus_hechos%2C_Peralta%2C_Palau_y_Gener%C3%A9s%2C_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo%2C_Garc%C3%ADa_Briz_%28cropped%29_Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.jpg/170px-Los_diputados_pintados_por_sus_hechos%2C_Peralta%2C_Palau_y_Gener%C3%A9s%2C_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo%2C_Garc%C3%ADa_Briz_%28cropped%29_Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Los_diputados_pintados_por_sus_hechos%2C_Peralta%2C_Palau_y_Gener%C3%A9s%2C_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo%2C_Garc%C3%ADa_Briz_%28cropped%29_Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.jpg/255px-Los_diputados_pintados_por_sus_hechos%2C_Peralta%2C_Palau_y_Gener%C3%A9s%2C_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo%2C_Garc%C3%ADa_Briz_%28cropped%29_Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Los_diputados_pintados_por_sus_hechos%2C_Peralta%2C_Palau_y_Gener%C3%A9s%2C_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo%2C_Garc%C3%ADa_Briz_%28cropped%29_Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.jpg/340px-Los_diputados_pintados_por_sus_hechos%2C_Peralta%2C_Palau_y_Gener%C3%A9s%2C_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo%2C_Garc%C3%ADa_Briz_%28cropped%29_Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption>Portrait (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1869</span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a> as the son of Antonio Cánovas García and Juana del Castillo y Estébanez, Cánovas moved to <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> after the death of his father where he lived with his mother's cousin, the writer <a href="/wiki/Seraf%C3%ADn_Est%C3%A9banez_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Serafín Estébanez Calderón">Serafín Estébanez Calderón</a>. Although he studied <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">University of Madrid</a>, he showed an early interest in politics and Spanish history. His active involvement in politics dates to the 1854 revolution, led by General <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_O%27Donnell,_1st_Duke_of_Tetuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Leopoldo O'Donnell, 1st Duke of Tetuan">Leopoldo O'Donnell</a>, when he drafted the <a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_Manzanares" title="Manifesto of Manzanares">Manifesto of Manzanares</a>, which accompanied the military overthrow of the sitting government, laid out the political goals of the movement, and played a critical role as it attracted the masses' support when the coup seemed to fail. During the final years of <a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Isabel II</a>, he served in a number of posts, including a diplomatic mission to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, governor of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a>, and director general of local administration. That period of his political career culminated in his being twice made a government minister, first taking the interior portfolio in 1864 and then the overseas territories portfolio in 1865 to 1866. After the 1868 Glorious Revolution (Revolución Gloriosa), he retired from the government, but he was a strong supporter of the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy during the <a href="/wiki/First_Spanish_Republic" title="First Spanish Republic">First Spanish Republic</a> (1873–1874) and as the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a> minority in the <a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes</a>, he declaimed against <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a>. He also drafted the <a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_Sandhurst" title="Manifesto of Sandhurst">Manifesto of Sandhurst</a> and prevailed upon Alfonso XII to issue it, just as he had done years previously with O'Donnell. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_minister">Prime minister</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prime minister"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cánovas returned to active politics with the 1874 overthrow of the Republic by <a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Mart%C3%ADnez_Campos" title="Arsenio Martínez Campos">General Martínez Campos</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Spain_under_the_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Spain under the Restoration">elevation</a> of Isabell II's son <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XII" title="Alfonso XII">Alfonso XII</a> to the throne. He served as Prime Minister (<i>Primer presidente del Consejo de Ministros</i>) for six years starting in 1874 (although he was twice briefly replaced in 1875 and 1879). He was a principal author of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutions of Spain">Spanish Constitution</a> of 1876, which formalised the constitutional monarchy that had resulted from the restoration of Alfonso and limited suffrage to reduce the political influence of the working class and assuage the voting support from the wealthy minority becoming the protected status quo. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turnismo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Turnismo.jpg/220px-Turnismo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Turnismo.jpg/330px-Turnismo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Turnismo.jpg/440px-Turnismo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1771" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption>Cartoon in <i><a href="/wiki/El_Mot%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="El Motín">El Motín</a></i> depicting Cánovas and Sagasta on a see-saw whose fulcrum is an allegory of Spain</figcaption></figure> <p>Cánovas del Castillo played a key role in bringing an end to the last <a href="/wiki/Carlism" title="Carlism">Carlist</a> threat to Bourbon authority (1876) by merging a group of dissident Carlist deputies with his own Conservative party.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Statement needs to be more specific about the content to which it refers. (June 2016)">specify</span></a></i>]</sup> More significantly, his term in office saw the victory achieved by the governmental Spanish troops in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Carlist_War" title="Third Carlist War">Third Carlist War</a>, the occupation of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Basque_Country" title="Southern Basque Country">Basque territory</a> and the decree establishing an end to the centuries-long <a href="/wiki/Fuero#Basque_and_Pyrenean_fueros" title="Fuero">Basque specific status</a> (July 1876) that resulted in its annexation to a centralist Spain. Against a backdrop of martial law imposed across the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Provinces</a> (and possibly <a href="/wiki/Navarre#History" title="Navarre">Navarre</a>), heated negotiations with Liberal Basque high-ranking officials led to the establishment of the first <a href="/wiki/Basque_Economic_Agreement" title="Basque Economic Agreement">Basque Economic Agreement</a> (1878). </p><p>An artificial two-party system designed to reconcile the competing militarist, Catholic and Carlist power bases led to an alternating prime ministership (known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Turno_pacifico" class="mw-redirect" title="Turno pacifico">turno pacifico</a></i>) with the progressive <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</a> after 1881. He also assumed the functions of the head of state during the regency of <a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina_of_Austria" title="Maria Christina of Austria">María Cristina</a> after Alfonso's death in 1885. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_crisis">Political crisis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the late 1880s, Cánovas' policies were under threat from two sources. First, his overseas policy was increasingly untenable. A policy of repression against Cuban nationalists was ultimately ineffective and Spain's authority was challenged most seriously by the 1895 rebellion led by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD" title="José Martí">José Martí</a>. Spain's policy against Cuban independence brought her increasingly into conflict with the United States, an antagonism that culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> of 1898. Second, the political repression of Spain's working class was growing increasingly troublesome, and pressure for expanded suffrage mounted amid widespread discontent with the <i>cacique</i> system of electoral manipulation. </p><p>Cánovas' policies included mass arrests and a policy of <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>During a religious procession in 1896, at Barcelona, a bomb was thrown. Immediately three hundred men and women were arrested. Some were Anarchists, but the majority were <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unionists</a> and Socialists. They were thrown into the notorious prison at the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Montju%C3%AFc" title="Montjuïc">Montjuïc</a> in Barcelona and tortured. After a number had been killed, or had gone insane, their cases were taken up by the liberal press of Europe, resulting in the release of a few survivors. Reputedly it was Cánovas del Castillo who ordered the torture, including the burning of the victims' flesh, the crushing of their bones, and the cutting out of their tongues. Similar acts of brutality and barbarism had occurred during his regime in Cuba, and Canovas remained deaf to the appeals and protests of civilized conscience.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>His attempts to stabilize Spain's parliamentary system achieved a measure of success until <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> in which Spain was not spared the disturbances that ravaged much of the European continent. According to some views, his regime was a welcomed change from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish liberalism">Spanish liberalism</a>, considered by some to deny equal participation to political rivals. The restored <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary monarchy">parliamentary monarchy</a> recognized the principle of allowing rival political opponents within the framework of a <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a>. Yet, it would be decades before universal male suffrage and other typical characteristics of modern democratic systems were implemented; it was still very much an electoral system dominated by parties of established local elites.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Man_of_letters">Man of letters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Man of letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the same time, Cánovas remained an active man of letters. His historical writings earned him a considerable reputation, particularly his <i>History of the Decline of Spain</i> (Historia de la decadencia de España) for which he was elected at the young age of 32 to the <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_de_la_Historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia de la Historia">Real Academia de la Historia</a> in 1860. That was followed by elevation to other bodies of letters, including the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Espa%C3%B1ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia Española">Real Academia Española</a></i></span> in 1867, the Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas in 1871 and the <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando" title="Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando">Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando</a> in 1887. He also served as the head of the Athenaeum in Madrid (1870–74, 1882–84 and 1888–89). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assassination">Assassination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Assassination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angiolillo-assassinato.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Angiolillo-assassinato.jpg/150px-Angiolillo-assassinato.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Angiolillo-assassinato.jpg/225px-Angiolillo-assassinato.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Angiolillo-assassinato.jpg/300px-Angiolillo-assassinato.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="825" /></a><figcaption>Assassination of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo on 8 August 1897, <a href="/wiki/Mondrag%C3%B3n" title="Mondragón">Mondragón</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Assassination of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo">Assassination of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo</a></div> <p>In 1897, he was shot dead by <a href="/wiki/Michele_Angiolillo" title="Michele Angiolillo">Michele Angiolillo</a>, an Italian <a href="/wiki/Anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist">anarchist</a>, at the spa <i>Santa Águeda</i>, in <a href="/wiki/Mondrag%C3%B3n" title="Mondragón">Mondragón</a>, Guipúzcoa.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angiolillo invoked vengeance on Canovas on behalf of the execution of <a href="/wiki/Jose_Rizal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Rizal">Jose Rizal</a> and other Barcelona anarchists.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He thus did not live to see Spain's loss of her final colonies to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He married María de la Concepción Espinosa de los Monteros y Rodrigo de Villamayor on 20 October 1860; he was widowed on 3 September 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He married Joaquina de Osma y Zavala on 14 November 1887.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No progeny survived him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology_and_thought">Ideology and thought</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ideology and thought"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cánovas was the chief architect of the <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Spain)" title="Restoration (Spain)">Restoration</a> regime, that strived for bringing stability to the Spanish society.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been emphasized that the two figures most influential to his political ideas were <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a> (from whom he derived a brand of traditionalism with a historicist rather than religious matrix) and <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Francisco_Pacheco" title="Joaquín Francisco Pacheco">Joaquín Francisco Pacheco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGómez_Ochoa2000152_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGómez_Ochoa2000152-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cánovas embraced an <a href="/wiki/Essentialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Essentialist">essentialist</a>, metaphysical and providentialist conception of the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsés_Gorráiz1999193_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsés_Gorráiz1999193-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A staunch opponent to <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>, he held the view that "universal suffrage begets socialism in a natural, necessary and inevitable way".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsés_Gorráiz1999202_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsés_Gorráiz1999202-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A supporter of <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>, he declared in November 1896 in a press interview: "Blacks in Cuba are free; they can enter into contracts, work or not work, and I think that slavery was much better than this freedom which they only took advantage of to do nothing and form masses of unemployed. Anyone who knows the blacks will tell you that in Madagascar, the Congo, as in Cuba, they are lazy, savage, prone to misbehavior, and that you have to lead them with authority and firmness to get anything out of them. These savages have no owner other than their own instincts, their primitive appetites".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In reference to his political and intellectual stature, Cánovas was nicknamed as <i>el Monstruo</i> ("The Monster") by his peers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeco_Serrano1997415_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeco_Serrano1997415-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mausoleo_de_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo_(Madrid)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mausoleo_de_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg/150px-Mausoleo_de_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mausoleo_de_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg/225px-Mausoleo_de_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mausoleo_de_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg/300px-Mausoleo_de_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2638" data-file-height="1890" /></a><figcaption>Cánovas's tomb at the <a href="/wiki/Pantheon_of_Illustrious_Men" title="Pantheon of Illustrious Men">Pantheon of Illustrious Men</a> in Madrid</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Special:EditPage/Antonio Cánovas del Castillo">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The policies of repression and political manipulation that Cánovas made a cornerstone of his government helped foster the nationalist movements in both <a href="/wiki/Catalan_nationalism" title="Catalan nationalism">Catalonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">the Basque provinces</a> and set the stage for labour unrest during the first two decades of the 20th century. The disastrous colonial policy not only led to the loss of Spain's remaining colonial possessions in the Pacific and Caribbean but also seriously weakened the government at home. A failed postwar <a href="/wiki/Coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup">coup</a> by <a href="/wiki/Camilo_de_Polavieja" class="mw-redirect" title="Camilo de Polavieja">Camilo de Polavieja</a> set off a long period of political instability, which ultimately led to the collapse of the monarchy and the dissolution of the constitution that Cánovas had authored. </p><p>His white marble mausoleum was carved by <a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%AD_Querol_Subirats" title="Agustí Querol Subirats">Agustí Querol Subirats</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Pantheon_of_Illustrious_Men" title="Pantheon of Illustrious Men">Pantheon of Illustrious Men</a>, in Madrid.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arms">Arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coat_of_Arms_of_Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.svg/139px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="139" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coat_of_Arms_of_Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.svg/208px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coat_of_Arms_of_Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.svg/278px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="966" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Karnow-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Karnow_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKarnow1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Karnow" title="Stanley Karnow">Karnow, Stanley</a> (1989). "Antonio Canovas". <i>In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines</i>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0394549750" title="Special:BookSources/978-0394549750"><bdi>978-0394549750</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Antonio+Canovas&rft.btitle=In+Our+Image%3A+America%27s+Empire+in+the+Philippines&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0394549750&rft.aulast=Karnow&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+C%C3%A1novas+del+Castillo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150920205658/http://www.triscaidecafilo.es/canovas-nunca-morira/">"Canovas nunca morirá"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.triscaidecafilo.es/canovas-nunca-morira">the original</a> on 2015-09-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canovas+nunca+morir%C3%A1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.triscaidecafilo.es%2Fcanovas-nunca-morira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+C%C3%A1novas+del+Castillo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz199814–15-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz199814–15_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuiz1998">Ruiz 1998</a>, pp. 14–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman" class="citation book cs1">Goldman, Emma. "The Psychology Of Political Violence". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2162/2162-h/2162-h.htm#violence"><i>Anarchism And Other Essays</i></a>. Gutenberg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Psychology+Of+Political+Violence&rft.btitle=Anarchism+And+Other+Essays&rft.pub=Gutenberg&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F2162%2F2162-h%2F2162-h.htm%23violence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+C%C3%A1novas+del+Castillo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayne2006" class="citation book cs1">Payne, Stanley G. (2006). <i>The Collapse of the Spanish Republic 1933-1936</i>. 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London: Verson. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84467-037-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-84467-037-6"><bdi>1-84467-037-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Under+Three+Flags%3A+Anarchism+and+the+Anti-Colonial+Imagination&rft.place=London&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Verson&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-84467-037-6&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Benedict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+C%C3%A1novas+del+Castillo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEspinosa_de_los_Monteros_y_Ortega2019" class="citation journal cs1">Espinosa de los Monteros y Ortega, Eugenio (8 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1963/04/25/027.html">"Una carta inédita de Cánovas del Castillo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC (Spain)">ABC</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC&rft.atitle=Una+carta+in%C3%A9dita+de+C%C3%A1novas+del+Castillo&rft.date=2019-08-08&rft.aulast=Espinosa+de+los+Monteros+y+Ortega&rft.aufirst=Eugenio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhemeroteca.abc.es%2Fnav%2FNavigate.exe%2Fhemeroteca%2Fmadrid%2Fabc%2F1963%2F04%2F25%2F027.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+C%C3%A1novas+del+Castillo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memoriademadrid.es/doc_anexos/Workflow/4/230299/hem_genteconocida_19010821.pdf">"La Duquesa de Cánovas del Castillo"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Gente Conocida</i>. 21 August 1901.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gente+Conocida&rft.atitle=La+Duquesa+de+C%C3%A1novas+del+Castillo&rft.date=1901-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.memoriademadrid.es%2Fdoc_anexos%2FWorkflow%2F4%2F230299%2Fhem_genteconocida_19010821.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+C%C3%A1novas+del+Castillo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoldán_de_Montaud2015" class="citation book cs1">Roldán de Montaud, Inés (2015). 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Leiden and Boston: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-29296-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-29296-3"><bdi>978-90-04-29296-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Civil+and+Military+Relations+in+Spain+in+the+Context+of+World+War+I&rft.btitle=Small+Nations+and+Colonial+Peripheries+in+World+War+I&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2016-02-11&rft.isbn=978-90-04-29296-3&rft.aulast=Gow&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOuAzDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+C%C3%A1novas+del+Castillo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGómez_Ochoa2000152-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGómez_Ochoa2000152_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGómez_Ochoa2000">Gómez Ochoa 2000</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsés_Gorráiz1999193-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsés_Gorráiz1999193_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOsés_Gorráiz1999">Osés Gorráiz 1999</a>, p. 193.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsés_Gorráiz1999202-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsés_Gorráiz1999202_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOsés_Gorráiz1999">Osés Gorráiz 1999</a>, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaballero2021" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Caballero, José Luis (2021-02-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UDMfEAAAQBAJ&dq=Los+negros+en+Cuba+son+libres%3B+pueden+contratar+compromisos%2C+trabajar+o+no+trabajar%E2%80%A6+y+creo+que+la+esclavitud+era+para+ellos+mucho+mejor+que+esta+libertad+que+solo+han+aprovechado+para+no+hacer+nada+y+formar+masas+de+desocupados.+Todos+los+que+conocen+a+los+negros+os+dir%C3%A1n+que+en+Madagascar%2C+en+el+Congo%2C+como+en+Cuba+son+perezosos%2C+salvajes%2C+inclinados+a+actuar+mal%2C+y+que+es+preciso+conducirlos+con+autoridad+y+firmeza+para+obtener+algo+de+ellos.+Estos+salvajes+no+tienen+otro+due%C3%B1o+que+sus+propios+instintos%2C+sus+apetitos+primitivos&pg=PT56"><i>Enigmas de la historia de Barcelona</i></a> (in Spanish). 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Las verdades madres en la política"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Revista_de_Estudios_Pol%C3%ADticos" title="Revista de Estudios Políticos">Revista de Estudios Políticos</a></i> (103). Madrid: <a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Estudios_Pol%C3%ADticos_y_Constitucionales" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales">Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales</a>: 187–212. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0048-7694">0048-7694</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+de+Estudios+Pol%C3%ADticos&rft.atitle=El+sistema+de+C%C3%A1novas+del+Castillo.+Las+verdades+madres+en+la+pol%C3%ADtica&rft.issue=103&rft.pages=187-212&rft.date=1999&rft.issn=0048-7694&rft.aulast=Os%C3%A9s+Gorr%C3%A1iz&rft.aufirst=Jes%C3%BAs+Mar%C3%ADa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frecyt.fecyt.es%2Findex.php%2FRevEsPol%2Farticle%2Fview%2F46726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+C%C3%A1novas+del+Castillo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuiz1998" class="citation journal cs1">Ruiz, Octavio (1998). "Spain on the Threshold of a New Century: Society and Politics before and after the Disaster of 1898". <i><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Historical_Review" title="Mediterranean Historical Review">Mediterranean Historical Review</a></i>. <b>13</b> (1/2): 7–27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09518969808569733">10.1080/09518969808569733</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mediterranean+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Spain+on+the+Threshold+of+a+New+Century%3A+Society+and+Politics+before+and+after+the+Disaster+of+1898&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=7-27&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09518969808569733&rft.aulast=Ruiz&rft.aufirst=Octavio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+C%C3%A1novas+del+Castillo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeco_Serrano1997" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Seco_Serrano" title="Carlos Seco Serrano">Seco Serrano, Carlos</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ULCf8ka7PpsC&pg=PA415">"El centenario de Cánovas: aproximación cordial al 'Monstruo'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Boletín Oficial de la Real Academia de la Historia</i>. <b>CXCIV</b> (III). Madrid: <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_de_la_Historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia de la Historia">Real Academia de la Historia</a>: 411–424. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0034-0626">0034-0626</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+Oficial+de+la+Real+Academia+de+la+Historia&rft.atitle=El+centenario+de+C%C3%A1novas%3A+aproximaci%C3%B3n+cordial+al+%27Monstruo%27&rft.volume=CXCIV&rft.issue=III&rft.pages=411-424&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=0034-0626&rft.aulast=Seco+Serrano&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DULCf8ka7PpsC%26pg%3DPA415&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+C%C3%A1novas+del+Castillo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" class="extiw" title="commons:Antonio Cánovas del Castillo"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Antonio Cánovas del Castillo</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Canovas del Castillo, Antonio"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Canovas_del_Castillo,_Antonio">"Canovas del Castillo, Antonio" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 206–207.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Canovas+del+Castillo%2C+Antonio&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=206-207&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+C%C3%A1novas+del+Castillo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/22/world/europe/spain-conservative-leader-assassination.html">1893: Spanish Conservative Leader Escapes Dynamite Attack</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The original version of this article draws heavily on the <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" class="extiw" title="es:Antonio Cánovas del Castillo">corresponding article</a> in the Spanish-language Wikipedia, which was accessed in the version of 6 September 2007.</i> </p> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Benavides" title="Antonio de Benavides">Antonio de Benavides</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Spain)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Spain)">Minister of the Governation</a> </b><br />1864 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Bravo" title="Luis González Bravo">Luis González Bravo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Seijas_Lozano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Seijas Lozano (page does not exist)">Manuel Seijas Lozano</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Defence of Spain">Minister of the Overseas</a> </b><br />1865–1866 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_de_Castro_Casal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alejandro de Castro Casal">Alejandro de Castro Casal</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serrano,_1st_Duke_of_la_Torre" title="Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre">Francisco Serrano</a></div><i><b>as President </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">President of the Minister-Regency</a> </b><br />1874-1875 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XII" title="Alfonso XII">Alfonso XII</a></div><i><b>as King of Spain </b></i> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a> </b><br />1875 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Jovellar_Soler" class="mw-redirect" title="Joaquín Jovellar Soler">Joaquín Jovellar Soler</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Jovellar_Soler" class="mw-redirect" title="Joaquín Jovellar Soler">Joaquín Jovellar Soler</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a> </b><br />1875–1879 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Mart%C3%ADnez-Campos_Ant%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenio Martínez-Campos Antón">Arsenio Martínez-Campos Antón</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Mart%C3%ADnez-Campos_Ant%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenio Martínez-Campos Antón">Arsenio Martínez-Campos Antón</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a> </b><br />1879–1881 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Posada_Herrera" title="José Posada Herrera">José Posada Herrera</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a> </b><br />1884–1885 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Borja_Queipo_de_Llano" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco de Borja Queipo de Llano">Francisco de Borja Queipo de Llano</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies" title="Congress of Deputies">President of the Congress of Deputies</a> </b><br />1885–1886 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Cristino_Martos_Balbi" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristino Martos Balbi">Cristino Martos Balbi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a> </b><br />1890–1892 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a> </b><br />1895–1897 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Azc%C3%A1rraga_Palmero" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero">Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Party created</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Spain)" title="Conservative Party (Spain)">Conservative Party</a> </b><br />1874–1897 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Silvela" title="Francisco Silvela">Francisco Silvela</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Spain" title="Template:Prime ministers of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime ministers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Acting prime ministers shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Queen Isabella II</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1833–1868)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Mart%C3%ADnez_de_la_Rosa" title="Francisco Martínez de la Rosa">Martínez de la Rosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Queipo_de_Llano,_7th_Count_of_Toreno" title="José María Queipo de Llano, 7th Count of Toreno">Toreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Ricardo_de_%C3%81lava" title="Miguel Ricardo de Álava">Álava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_%C3%81lvarez_Mendiz%C3%A1bal" title="Juan Álvarez Mendizábal">Álvarez Mendizábal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_de_Ist%C3%BAriz" title="Francisco Javier de Istúriz">Istúriz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Calatrava_y_Peinado" title="José María Calatrava y Peinado">Calatrava</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldomero_Espartero" title="Baldomero Espartero">Espartero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Bardaj%C3%AD_y_Azara" title="Eusebio Bardají y Azara">Bardají</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narciso_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Heredia,_2nd_Count_of_Heredia-Sp%C3%ADnola" class="mw-redirect" title="Narciso Fernández de Heredia, 2nd Count of Heredia-Spínola">Heredia-Spínola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Velasco,_14th_Duke_of_Fr%C3%ADas" title="Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 14th Duke of Frías">Frías</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isidro_de_Alaix_F%C3%A1bregas" title="Isidro de Alaix Fábregas">Alaix</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaristo_P%C3%A9rez_de_Castro" title="Evaristo Pérez de Castro">Pérez de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gonz%C3%A1lez,_1st_Marquess_of_Valdeterrazo" title="Antonio González, 1st Marquess of Valdeterrazo">A. González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valent%C3%ADn_Ferraz_y_Barrau" title="Valentín Ferraz y Barrau">Ferraz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modesto_Cort%C3%A1zar_y_Leal_de_Ibarra" title="Modesto Cortázar y Leal de Ibarra">Cortázar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Sancho_y_Cobertores" title="Vicente Sancho y Cobertores">Sancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldomero_Espartero" title="Baldomero Espartero">Espartero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_Ferrer_y_Cafranga" title="Joaquín María Ferrer y Cafranga">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gonz%C3%A1lez,_1st_Marquess_of_Valdeterrazo" title="Antonio González, 1st Marquess of Valdeterrazo">A. González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ram%C3%B3n_Rodil,_1st_Marquess_of_Rodil" title="José Ramón Rodil, 1st Marquess of Rodil">Rodil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_L%C3%B3pez_y_L%C3%B3pez" title="Joaquín María López y López">J. M. López</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_G%C3%B3mez_Becerra" title="Álvaro Gómez Becerra">Gómez Becerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salustiano_de_Ol%C3%B3zaga_y_Almandoz" title="Salustiano de Olózaga y Almandoz">Olózaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Bravo" title="Luis González Bravo">González Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Pando,_6th_Marquess_of_Miraflores" title="Manuel de Pando, 6th Marquess of Miraflores">Miraflores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Mart%C3%ADnez_de_Irujo,_2nd_Marquess_of_Casa_Irujo" title="Carlos Martínez de Irujo, 2nd Marquess of Casa Irujo">Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Francisco_Pacheco_y_Guti%C3%A9rrez-Calder%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Joaquín Francisco Pacheco y Gutiérrez-Calderón">Pacheco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Salamanca,_Marquis_of_Salamanca" title="José de Salamanca, Marquis of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florencio_Garc%C3%ADa_Goyena" title="Florencio García Goyena">García Goyena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraf%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Sotto,_3rd_Count_of_Clonard" title="Serafín María de Sotto, 3rd Count of Clonard">Clonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bravo_Murillo" title="Juan Bravo Murillo">Bravo Murillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_de_Roncali,_1st_Count_of_Alcoy" title="Federico de Roncali, 1st Count of Alcoy">Roncali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Lersundi_y_Hormaechea" title="Francisco de Lersundi y Hormaechea">Lersundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Jos%C3%A9_Sartorius,_1st_Count_of_San_Luis" title="Luis José Sartorius, 1st Count of San Luis">Sartorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdova,_2nd_Marquess_of_Mendigorr%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando Fernández de Córdova, 2nd Marquess of Mendigorría">Mendigorría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Saavedra,_3rd_Duke_of_Rivas" title="Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas">Rivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldomero_Espartero" title="Baldomero Espartero">Espartero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_O%27Donnell" title="Leopoldo O'Donnell">O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Armero,_1st_Marquess_of_Nervi%C3%B3n" title="Francisco Armero, 1st Marquess of Nervión">Armero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_de_Ist%C3%BAriz" title="Francisco Javier de Istúriz">Istúriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_O%27Donnell" title="Leopoldo O'Donnell">O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Arrazola_y_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Lorenzo Arrazola y García">Arrazola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mon_y_Men%C3%A9ndez" title="Alejandro Mon y Menéndez">Mon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_O%27Donnell" title="Leopoldo O'Donnell">O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Bravo" title="Luis González Bravo">González Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Guti%C3%A9rrez_de_la_Concha,_1st_Marquess_of_Havana" title="José Gutiérrez de la Concha, 1st Marquess of Havana">Havana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Sexenio_Democr%C3%A1tico" title="Sexenio Democrático">Democratic Sexennium</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1868–1874)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pascual_Madoz" title="Pascual Madoz">Madoz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serrano,_1st_Duke_of_la_Torre" title="Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Prim" title="Juan Prim">Prim</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Topete" title="Juan Bautista Topete">Topete</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serrano,_1st_Duke_of_la_Torre" title="Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ruiz_Zorrilla" title="Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla">Ruiz Zorrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Malcampo,_3rd_Marquess_of_San_Rafael" title="José Malcampo, 3rd Marquess of San Rafael">Malcampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Sagasta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Topete" title="Juan Bautista Topete">Topete</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serrano,_1st_Duke_of_la_Torre" title="Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre">Serrano</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdova,_2nd_Marquess_of_Mendigorr%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando Fernández de Córdova, 2nd Marquess of Mendigorría">Mendigorría</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ruiz_Zorrilla" title="Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla">Ruiz Zorrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estanislao_Figueras" title="Estanislao Figueras">Figueras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Salmer%C3%B3n_y_Alonso" title="Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso">Salmerón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Castelar" title="Emilio Castelar">Castelar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serrano,_1st_Duke_of_la_Torre" title="Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Zavala" title="Juan de Zavala">Sierra Bullones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Sagasta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Spain)" title="Restoration (Spain)">The Restoration</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1874–1931)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cánovas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Jovellar_y_Soler" title="Joaquín Jovellar y Soler">Jovellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Mart%C3%ADnez_Campos" title="Arsenio Martínez Campos">Martínez Campos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Sagasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Posada_Herrera" title="José Posada Herrera">Posada</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Azc%C3%A1rraga_Palmero" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero">Azcárraga</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Silvela" title="Francisco Silvela">Silvela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimundo_Fern%C3%A1ndez-Villaverde" title="Raimundo Fernández-Villaverde">Fernández-Villaverde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Maura" title="Antonio Maura">Maura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montero_R%C3%ADos" title="Eugenio Montero Ríos">Montero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segismundo_Moret" title="Segismundo Moret">Moret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_L%C3%B3pez_Dom%C3%ADnguez" title="José López Domínguez">López Domínguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Aguilar_y_Correa,_Marquis_of_Vega_de_Armijo" title="Antonio Aguilar y Correa, Marquis of Vega de Armijo">Vega de Armijo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Canalejas_y_M%C3%A9ndez" title="José Canalejas y Méndez">Canalejas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Garc%C3%ADa_Prieto,_Marquis_of_Alhucemas" title="Manuel García Prieto, Marquis of Alhucemas">García Prieto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Figueroa,_1st_Count_of_Romanones" title="Álvaro de Figueroa, 1st Count of Romanones">Romanones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Dato" title="Eduardo Dato">Dato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Maura" title="Antonio Maura">Maura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_S%C3%A1nchez_de_Toca" title="Joaquín Sánchez de Toca">Sánchez de Toca</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gabino_Bugallal_Ara%C3%BAjo" title="Gabino Bugallal Araújo">Bugallal</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S%C3%A1nchez-Guerra_y_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="José Sánchez-Guerra y Martínez">Sánchez-Guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Primo_de_Rivera" title="Miguel Primo de Rivera">Primo de Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1maso_Berenguer" title="Dámaso Berenguer">Berenguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Aznar-Caba%C3%B1as" title="Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas">Aznar-Cabañas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Republic</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1931–1939)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niceto_Alcal%C3%A1-Zamora" title="Niceto Alcalá-Zamora">Alcalá-Zamora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Aza%C3%B1a" title="Manuel Azaña">Azaña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Lerroux" title="Alejandro Lerroux">Lerroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Mart%C3%ADnez_Barrio" title="Diego Martínez Barrio">Martínez Barrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Samper" title="Ricardo Samper">Samper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Chapaprieta" title="Joaquín Chapaprieta">Chapaprieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Portela_Valladares" title="Manuel Portela Valladares">Portela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Barc%C3%ADa_Trelles" title="Augusto Barcía Trelles">Barcía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Casares_Quiroga" title="Santiago Casares Quiroga">Casares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Mart%C3%ADnez_Barrio" title="Diego Martínez Barrio">Martínez Barrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Giral" title="José Giral">Giral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Largo_Caballero" title="Francisco Largo Caballero">Largo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Negr%C3%ADn" title="Juan Negrín">Negrín</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Spain under Franco</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1936–1975)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Carrero_Blanco" title="Luis Carrero Blanco">Carrero Blanco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Torcuato_Fern%C3%A1ndez-Miranda" title="Torcuato Fernández-Miranda">Fernández-Miranda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Arias_Navarro" title="Carlos Arias Navarro">Arias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1975%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Spain (1975–present)">Since 1975</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Arias_Navarro" title="Carlos Arias Navarro">Arias</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Santiago" title="Fernando de Santiago">Santiago</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Calvo-Sotelo" title="Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo">Calvo-Sotelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">F. González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">Aznar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero">Zapatero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Rajoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Real_Academia_Española_seat_c" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Saavedra,_3rd_Duke_of_Rivas" title="Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas">Ángel de Saavedra</a> (1847)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Antonio Cánovas del Castillo</a> (1867)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Daniel Cortázar (1899)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amalio_Gimeno,_1st_Count_of_Gimeno" title="Amalio Gimeno, 1st Count of Gimeno">Amalio Gimeno</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Sainz_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Pedro Sainz Rodríguez">Pedro Sainz Rodríguez</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Manuel Fernández-Galiano<sup>[1]</sup></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Gull%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Gullón">Ricardo Gullón</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Garc%C3%ADa_de_la_Concha" title="Víctor García de la Concha">Víctor García de la Concha</a> (1992)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>[1]</sup> He was elected in 1987 but never took the seat</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336901#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336901#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336901#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081484473">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/68994598">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/18540/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkHtHtj6X8FRjgHF8kMT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118702254">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50058793">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12301145f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12301145f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cánovas del Castillo, Antonio <1828-1897>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UMCV189047">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35764013">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX874937">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/84395">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070876665">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/32290">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810607744805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/155461">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007260013605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058520043906706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14209448">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04750589?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1076617">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118702254.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118702254">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031878938">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6k948p0">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Cánovas_del_Castillo&oldid=1259707025">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Cánovas_del_Castillo&oldid=1259707025</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1828_births" title="Category:1828 births">1828 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