CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:sioc="http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#" xmlns:sioct="http://rdfs.org/sioc/types#" xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" > <head> <title>Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb | Ancient Origins</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/apple-touch-icon-192x192.png" type="image/png" /> <meta name="description" content="Diocletian was a Roman emperor who lived between the 3rd and 4th centuries AD. Prior to his ascension to the throne, the Roman Empire was going through the" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Diocletian, Roman Emperors, Roman Empire, persecution, tetrarchy" /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Diocletian.jpg" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/diocletian-0010984" hreflang="en" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/node/10984" /> <meta name="geo.position" content=";" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/diocletian-0010984" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Diocletian was a Roman emperor who lived between the 3rd and 4th centuries AD. Prior to his ascension to the throne, the Roman Empire was going through the Crisis of the Third Century, a period during which the empire was in turmoil, and was on the brink of collapse." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Diocletian.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Diocletian.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@ancientorigins" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/diocletian-0010984" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Diocletian was a Roman emperor who lived between the 3rd and 4th centuries AD. Prior to his ascension to the throne, the Roman Empire was going through the Crisis of the Third Century, a period" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Diocletian.jpg" /> <meta itemprop="description" content="Diocletian was a Roman emperor who lived between the 3rd and 4th centuries AD. Prior to his ascension to the throne, the Roman Empire was going through the" /> <meta itemprop="image" content="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Diocletian.jpg" /> <link rel="publisher" href="https://www.ancient-origins.net" /> <meta itemprop="name" content="Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb" /> <meta name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="Ancient Origins" /> <meta name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="885837968" /> <meta name="dcterms.creator" content="dhwty" /> <meta name="twitter:app:name:googleplay" content="Ancient Origins" /> <meta name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="com.appmachine.p6831HF" /> <meta name="dcterms.title" content="Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb" /> <meta name="dcterms.publisher" content="Ancient Origins" /> <meta name="dcterms.type" content="Text" /> <meta name="dcterms.format" content="text/html" /> <meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/diocletian-0010984" /> <meta name="dcterms.created" content="13 November, 2018 - 01:50" /> <meta name="dcterms.modified" content="13 November, 2018 - 01:50" /> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-image-preview:large" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2018-11-13T01:50:56+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2018-11-13T01:50:56+00:00" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Ancient Origins Reconstructing the story of humanity's past" /> <meta name="blogcatalog" content="9BC10722130" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/cache/js/4f85107ccf7d4c6fb10b132521400efb.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/cache/js/d2d9cf8916e9c612f0ab4f6762672f21.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/cache/all-css/b9608f30b66e3b3496b6c20cfc7e815e.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="https://unpkg.com/intl-tel-input@17.0.18/build/css/intlTelInput.min.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/sourcesanspro/v14/6xKydSBYKcSV-LCoeQqfX1RYOo3iu4nwmRdu3cOWxy40.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin><link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/sourcesanspro/v14/6xKydSBYKcSV-LCoeQqfX1RYOo3iu4nwlxdu3cOWxw.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context" : "https://schema.org", "@type" : "WebSite", "name" : "Ancient Origins Reconstructing the story of humanity's past", "url" : "https://www.ancient-origins.net/" } </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/cache/all-css/b9608f30b66e3b3496b6c20cfc7e815e.css" /> <script src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/cache/js/4f85107ccf7d4c6fb10b132521400efb.js" ></script> <script src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/cache/js/d2d9cf8916e9c612f0ab4f6762672f21.js" ></script> <script type="lazyload_int" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/cache/all-js/813b940483052e60de2e6d84b9d16079.js"></script> <script> var switchTo5x = true;var __st_loadLate = true;var useFastShare = 1; </script> <script data-src="https://ws.sharethis.com/button/buttons.js" type="lazyload_ext" ></script> <script> if (typeof stLight !== 'undefined') { stLight.options({"publisher":"f98f21c5-a878-451f-9bd3-9a33fa04076a","version":"5x","lang":"en"}); } </script> <script type="lazyload_int" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/cache/all-js/149517e4e195d740c68b0a591e313ef0.js"></script> <script> jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","ajaxPageState":{"theme":"submerge","theme_token":"D2aektuG5rxGbqGnnVYoCcWmSvnQQnJw631XUTgErSY","js":{"0":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/scroll_depth_analytics\/js\/scroll_depth_analytics.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/1.8\/jquery.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0-backport.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/nice_menus\/js\/jquery.bgiframe.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/nice_menus\/js\/jquery.hoverIntent.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/nice_menus\/js\/superfish.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/nice_menus\/js\/nice_menus.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/comment_notify\/comment_notify.js":1,"misc\/progress.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/cleantalk\/src\/js\/apbct-public.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/colorbox\/jquery.colorbox-min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/colorbox\/js\/colorbox.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/colorbox\/styles\/default\/colorbox_style.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/morecomments\/morecomments.js":1,"1":1,"https:\/\/ws.sharethis.com\/button\/buttons.js":1,"2":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/jquery-scrolldepth\/jquery.scrolldepth.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/quicktabs\/js\/quicktabs.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/bones\/js\/jquery.formalize.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/bones\/js\/superfish.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/submerge\/js\/scripts.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/bones\/js\/jquery.easing.1.3.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/bones\/js\/jquery.equal-height-columns.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/submerge\/js\/jquery.mobilemenu.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/submerge\/js\/jquery.color.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/submerge\/js\/jquery-glowing.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/submerge\/js\/printThis.js":1},"css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.menus.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.messages.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.theme.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/comment_notify\/comment_notify.css":1,"modules\/aggregator\/aggregator.css":1,"modules\/book\/book.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/calendar\/css\/calendar_multiday.css":1,"modules\/comment\/comment.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/invite\/modules\/invite_by_email\/css\/invite_by_email.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/logintoboggan\/logintoboggan.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/quiz\/quiz.css":1,"modules\/search\/search.css":1,"modules\/user\/user.css":1,"modules\/forum\/forum.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/colorbox\/styles\/default\/colorbox_style.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/panels\/css\/panels.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/morecomments\/morecomments.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/nice_menus\/css\/nice_menus.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/submerge\/css\/nice_menus_new.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/quicktabs\/css\/quicktabs.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/bones\/css\/normalize.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/bones\/css\/formalize.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/bones\/css\/grid_12.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/bones\/css\/layout.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/submerge\/style.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/submerge\/css\/style5.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/submerge\/css\/responsive.css":1}},"colorbox":{"opacity":"0.85","current":"{current} of {total}","previous":"\u00ab Prev","next":"Next \u00bb","close":"Close","maxWidth":"98%","maxHeight":"98%","fixed":true,"mobiledetect":true,"mobiledevicewidth":"480px","specificPagesDefaultValue":"admin*\nimagebrowser*\nimg_assist*\nimce*\nnode\/add\/*\nnode\/*\/edit\nprint\/*\nprintpdf\/*\nsystem\/ajax\nsystem\/ajax\/*"},"morecomments_pager":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0027morecomments-wrap\u0027\u003E\u003Ca href = \u0027javascript:;\u0027 id=\u0027morecomments-button\u0027 loaded=\u00270\u0027 class=\u0027morecomments-button node-10984 page-1\u0027\u003EMore comments\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E","nice_menus_options":{"delay":800,"speed":"slow"},"scroll_depth_analytics":{"scroll_depth_analytics_page_scroll_visibility":true},"quicktabs":{"qt_quicktabs":{"name":"quicktabs","tabs":[{"bid":"views_delta_life_top_stories-block","hide_title":1},{"bid":"views_delta_arts_top_stories-block","hide_title":1},{"bid":"views_delta_technology_top_stories-block","hide_title":1}],"nice_menus_options":{"delay":800,"speed":"slow"}}}}); </script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="184818245211970" /> <meta property="fb:admins" content="1526102844" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="google-adsense-account" content="ca-pub-6414942023403926"> <link href="https://plus.google.com/+AncientoriginsNetonGoogle" rel="publisher"/>   <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="53F054664E54BBDABC4000819AFB0384" />  <script> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; var pbjs = pbjs || {}; pbjs.que = pbjs.que || []; </script> <script async="" data-src="https://adncdnend.azureedge.net/adn-hb/adn.ano2.js" type="lazyload_ext" ></script>  <script type="lazyload_ext"> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-37942188-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <script>(function(s,u,m,o,j,v){j=u.createElement(m);v=u.getElementsByTagName(m)[0];j.async=1;j.src=o;j.dataset.sumoSiteId='750bb94da20fc24b5b2dc94a0615b8dae12a76a7a9dcc2c5490075bc86874bac';v.parentNode.insertBefore(j,v)})(window,document,'script','//load.sumome.com/');</script> <script async="" data-src="https://cdn.onesignal.com/sdks/OneSignalSDK.js" type="lazyload_ext" ></script> <script> window.OneSignal = window.OneSignal || []; OneSignal.push(function() { OneSignal.init({ appId: "c04d8f89-55d5-4190-a691-e3d65bd3fb76", }); }); </script> <meta property="fb:pages" content="530869733620642" />  <script type="lazyload_ext"> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1662024193926428'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); </script>  <script defer="defer" data-src="https://users.api.jeeng.com/users/domains/3AJ4Z2p6KO/sdk/" type="lazyload_ext" ></script>  <script async="" data-src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-B4TP9D8FCM" type="lazyload_ext" ></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-B4TP9D8FCM'); </script>  <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="//www.ancient-origins.net/matomo/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  <style id="w3speedup-custom-css">img { max-width: 100%; display: block; } #block-views-home-articles-block .view-content{ max-width:100%; } @media screen and (max-width: 1199px){ .sidebar.second-sidebar img, .sidebar.first-sidebar img{ opacity: 0 !important; } }@keyframes fadeIn { to { opacity: 1; }}.fade-in { opacity: 0; animation: fadeIn .5s ease-in 1 forwards;}.is-paused { animation-play-state: paused;}</style></head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in two-sidebars page-node page-node- page-node-10984 node-type-article sidebars-split history-famous-people diocletian-0010984 user-anonymous"> <noscript><img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1662024193926428&ev=PageView&noscript=1" /></noscript> <div id="skip-link"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div id="page"> <div class="page-inner container_12"> <div class="page-inner-inner "> <header> <nav id="user-menu" class="clearfix"> <div class="region region-user-menu"> <div id="block-nice-menus-1" class="block block-nice-menus"><div class="block-inner"> <h3 class="title"><span><span class="nice-menu-hide-title">User menu</span></span></h3> <div class="content"> <ul class="nice-menu nice-menu-down nice-menu-user-menu" id="nice-menu-1"><li class="menu-477 menuparent menu-path-node-88 first odd menu-477"><a href="/about-us" title="Our Mission" class="menu-link-477" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>About</span></a><ul><li class="menu-4615 menu-path-node-88 first odd menu-4615"><a href="/about-us" title="About us" class="menu-link-4615" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>About us</span></a></li> <li class="menu-9786 menu-path-node-5254 even menu-9786"><a href="/we-005254" title="Who we are" class="menu-link-9786" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Meet the Team</span></a></li> <li class="menu-12266 menu-path-node-11104 odd menu-12266"><a href="/ancient-origins-media-0011104" title="" class="menu-link-12266" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>In the Media</span></a></li> <li class="menu-5402 menu-path-node-1140 even menu-5402"><a href="/ao-user-benefits-and-reward-system-001140" title="Rewards for Registered Members" class="menu-link-5402" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>User Rewards</span></a></li> <li class="menu-14318 menu-path-node-1226 odd menu-14318"><a href="/member-rewards-001226" title="" class="menu-link-14318" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Member Rewards</span></a></li> <li class="menu-823 menu-path-node-87 even menu-823"><a href="/expeditions" title="Missions organized by Ancient Origins" class="menu-link-823" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Expeditions</span></a></li> <li class="menu-4616 menu-path-sitemap odd menu-4616"><a href="/sitemap" title="" class="menu-link-4616" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Site Map</span></a></li> <li class="menu-10596 menu-path-smembersancient-originsnet-ancient-origins-premium-membership-sales even menu-10596"><a href="https://members.ancient-origins.net/ancient-origins-premium-membership-sales" title="Ancient Origins Membership Site" class="menu-link-10596"><span>Membership Site</span></a></li> <li class="menu-12265 menu-path-node-11003 odd last menu-12265"><a href="/article-submission-guidelines-0011003" title="Submit your articles" class="menu-link-12265" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Submissions</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="menu-422 menu-path-user-login even menu-422"><a href="/user/login" title="Login" class="menu-link-422" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Login</span></a></li> <li class="menu-421 menu-path-user-register odd menu-421"><a href="/user/register" title="Become a registered user" class="menu-link-421" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Register</span></a></li> <li class="menu-5855 menu-path-taxonomy-term-8 even menu-5855"><a href="/videos-0" title="Video Gallery" class="menu-link-5855" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Videos</span></a></li> <li class="menu-780 menu-path-node-173 odd menu-780"><a href="/contact-us-00173" title="Contact us" class="menu-link-780" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Contact</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13197 menu-path-ao-tours even menu-13197"><a href="/ao-tours" title="" class="menu-link-13197" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Tours</span></a></li> <li class="menu-10598 menu-path-smembersancient-originsnet-ancient-origins-premium-membership-sales odd last menu-10598"><a href="https://members.ancient-origins.net/ancient-origins-premium-membership-sales" title="" class="menu-link-10598"><span>Membership</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="social-top-menu"> <ul class="social-links"> <li><a class="spanish" href="https://www.ancient-origins.es"></a></li> <li><a class="germany" href="https://www.ancient-origins.de"></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div class="header-wrapper clearfix"><div class="header-wrapper-inner grid_12"> <div class="header_inner_area"> <div class="header_inner_row"> <a href="javascript:;" class="main_menu_button" style="display:none">Menu</a> <div class="logo-slogan"> <div class="site-logo"> <a href="/"><img data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/Ancient-Origins-Logo-2.jpg" alt="Ancient Origins" width="550" height="128" /></a> </div>   </div> <a href="javascript:;" class="user_menu_button" style="display:none">User Menu</a> </div> <nav id="mobile-main-menu" class="clearfix" style="display:none;"> <div class="region region-main-menu-extra"><ul class="menu"><li class="menu-13601 first"><a href="/" title=""><span>News</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13602"><a href="/human-origins" title=""><span>Human Origins</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13603"><a href="/history-0" title=""><span>History</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13604"><a href="/artifacts-0" title=""><span>Artifacts</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13605"><a href="/myths-legends" title=""><span>Myths</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13606"><a href="/ancient-places" title=""><span>Places</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13607"><a href="/unexplained-phenomena" title=""><span>Unexplained</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13608"><a href="/weird-facts" title="Weird Facts of History"><span>Weird Facts</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13592"><a href="/forum" title=""><span>Forums</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13593"><a href="/about-us" title=""><span>About</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13594"><a href="/article-submission-guidelines-0011003" title=""><span>Submissions</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13595"><a href="https://members.ancient-origins.net/" title=""><span>Premium</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13596"><a href="/news-general/our-mobile-app-now-available-001746" title=""><span>App</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13597"><a href="/ao-tours" title=""><span>Tours</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13598"><a href="/ancient-origins-ancestry-dna-test-0012985" title=""><span>Ancestry DNA</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13599"><a href="/opinion-editorials/4th-year-anniversary-unravelling-ancient-myths-and-legends-free-ebook-007589" title=""><span>Free Ebooks</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13600"><a href="https://ancientoriginsmagazine.com/" title=""><span>Magazine</span></a></li> <li class="menu-14280"><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/video" title=""><span>Videos</span></a></li> <li class="menu-14402"><a href="https://shop.ancient-origins.net/" title=""><span>Shop</span></a></li> <li class="menu-14403 last"><a href="https://www.ancientwisdom.academy/" title=""><span>Courses</span></a></li> </ul></div> </nav> <nav id="user-main-menu" class="clearfix" style="display:none;"> <ul class="no-list inline-list align-right sub-nav"><li class="menu-13587 first"><a href="/user/login" title=""><span>Login</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13588"><a href="/user/register" title=""><span>Register FREE</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13589"><a href="https://members.ancient-origins.net/" title=""><span>Premium Membership</span></a></li> <li class="menu-13590 last"><a href="/contact-us-00173" title=""><span>Contact</span></a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="social"> <ul class="social-links"> <li><a class="rss" href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/AncientOrigins"></a></li> <li><a class="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ancientorigins"></a></li> <li><a class="facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ancientoriginsweb"></a></li> <li><a class="pinterest" href="https://www.pinterest.com/ancientorigins/"></a></li> <li><a class="tumblr" href="https://www.tumblr.com/blog/ancientorigins"></a></li> <li><a class="youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCblsdi4UwxXHG8jVLnZBNUQ"></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="promotion"> <div class="region region-header"> <div id="block-block-71" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <ul class="partnerships-links"> <li class="ptr-tours"><a href="https://ancientoriginstours.com/" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Tours</span><img alt="Get our Tours" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/tours-button-65-65.png" width="65" height="65" /></a></li> <li class="ptr-premium"><a href="https://members.ancient-origins.net/"><span>Premium</span><img alt="Get our Premium" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/premium-button-65-65.png" width="65" height="65" /></a></li> <li class="ptr-app"><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-general/our-mobile-app-now-available-001746"><span>App</span><img alt="Get our Mobile App" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/app-button-65-65.png" width="65" height="65" /></a></li> <li class="ptr-ebooks"><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/opinion-editorials/4th-year-anniversary-unravelling-ancient-myths-and-legends-free-ebook-007589"><span>Free EBooks</span><img alt="Get our Free EBooks" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/ebooks-button-65-65.png" width="65" height="65" /></a></li> <li class="ptr-magazine"><a href="https://ancientoriginsmagazine.com/"><span>Magazine</span><img alt="Get our Magazine" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/magazine-button-65-65.png" width="65" height="65" /></a></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="top-add-block-wrapper clearfix"><div class="top-add-block-wrapper-inner"> <div class="grid_12 "> <div class="region region-top-ad-block"> <div id="block-block-93" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div id="ancient-tours"> <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/unveiling-ancient-treasures-epic-iraq-tour-feb-2024-0018884"><img data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/X6-Banner-Mobile-IRAQ.jpg?itok=LfVzLK2_" width="1024" height="159" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto; margin: 0 auto;"></a> </div> <div id="ancient-hubs"> <div class="ancient-hub"><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/greek-mythology"><img alt="Greek Mythology" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/Greek-Hub-mob.jpg" width="65" height="65" /><span>Greek Mythology</span></a></div> <div class="ancient-hub"><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/norse-mythology"><img alt="Norse Mythology" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/Norse-Hub-mob.jpg" width="65" height="65" /><span>Norse Mythology</span></a></div> <div class="ancient-hub"><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-egypt"><img alt="Ancient Egypt" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/Egypt-Hub-mob.jpg" width="65" height="65" /><span>Ancient Egypt</span></a></div> <div class="ancient-hub"><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-rome"><img alt="Ancient Rome" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/Rome-Hub-mob.jpg" width="65" height="65" /><span>Ancient Rome</span></a></div> <div class="ancient-hub"><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-mesopotamia"><img alt="Ancient Rome" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/Mesopotamia-Hub-mob.jpg" width="65" height="65" /><span>Ancient Mesopotamia</span></a></div> </div> <style> #ancient-hubs { display: none; } #ancient-tours { display: none; } @media screen and (max-width: 767px){ #ancient-tours { display: none; margin-bottom: 20px; overflow-x: auto; } #ancient-hubs { display: block; margin-bottom: 20px; overflow-x: auto; } #ancient-hubs .ancient-hub { display: inline-block; width: 65px; margin: 0px 5px 10px 0px; } #ancient-hubs .ancient-hub img { width: 65px; height: 65px; } #ancient-hubs .ancient-hub span { display: block; color: #211b14; text-align: center; font-size: 14px; margin-top: 5px; line-height: 18px; } } </style> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-block-74" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div data-aaad='true' data-aa-adunit='/339474670/Ancient_Origins.net/Article-Pages-Top-Banner' id="ad-unit-top-banner" style="text-align: center;"></div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div>  <div id="cs-section-box"> <form action="/searchall/" method="post" id="cs-form" name="cs-form" onsubmit="return csDoSearch();"> <div class="section-txt" onclick="csOpenSectionDropdown(false);">All <i class="icon-down"> </i></div> <select name="cs-section" id="cs-section" size="1" class="close" onchange="csOpenSectionDropdown(true);"> <option value="">All</option> <option value="5483">Artifacts</option><option value="6"> -Ancient Technology</option><option value="5484"> -Ancient Writings</option><option value="5485"> -Other Artifacts</option><option value="1">News</option><option value="12"> -General</option><option value="2"> -History & Archaeology</option><option value="10"> -Science & Space</option><option value="564"> -Evolution & Human Origins</option><option value="565"> -Mysterious Phenomena</option><option value="3">Human Origins</option><option value="13"> -Science</option><option value="14"> -Religions</option><option value="15"> -Folklore</option><option value="5">Myths & Legends</option><option value="35"> -Europe</option><option value="36"> -Asia</option><option value="37"> -Americas</option><option value="40"> -Australia</option><option value="38"> -Africa</option><option value="39"> -Antarctica</option><option value="4">Ancient Places</option><option value="43"> -Europe</option><option value="42"> -Asia</option><option value="44"> -Americas</option><option value="46"> -Australia & Oceania</option><option value="47"> -Africa</option><option value="45"> -Antarctica</option><option value="560">Unexplained Phenomena</option><option value="30023">Weird Facts</option><option value="8">Videos</option><option value="7">Opinion</option><option value="50"> -Guest Authors</option><option value="48"> -Editorials</option><option value="49"> -Letters to the Editor</option><option value="251"> -Author Profiles</option><option value="5480">History</option><option value="5507"> -Ancient Traditions</option><option value="5481"> -Important Events</option><option value="5482"> -Famous People</option><option value="30052">Premium</option><option value="30053"> -Preview</option><option value="30054"> -Subscribe</option> </select> <input type="text" name="cs-keys" id="cs-keys" value="" placeholder="Search across 12,000+ articles" autocomplete="off" /> <input type="submit" name="do-search" id="do-search" value="Find" onclick="csDoSearch();" /> <script type="lazyload"> var csOpenSection = false; function csOpenSectionDropdown(fource){ if( fource ){ jQuery('#cs-section').attr('size', 1).addClass('close').removeClass('open'); csOpenSection = false; } else if( csOpenSection ){ jQuery('#cs-section').attr('size', 1).addClass('close').removeClass('open'); csOpenSection = false; } else { jQuery('#cs-section').attr('size', 10).addClass('open').removeClass('close');; csOpenSection = true; } } function csDoSearch(){ var action = '/searchall/'+jQuery('#cs-keys').val(); if( jQuery('#cs-section').val() != '' ) action += '?field_section='+jQuery('#cs-section').val(); jQuery('#cs-form').attr('action', action); return true; } jQuery(document).ready(function($){ jQuery('#cs-keys').on('focusin', function(){ jQuery(this).attr('placeholder',''); }); jQuery('#cs-keys').on('focusout', function(){ jQuery(this).attr('placeholder','Search across 12,000+ articles'); }); }); </script> </form> </div>  </div></div> <div class="main-menu-wrapper clearfix"><div class="main-menu-wrapper-inner"> <nav id="main-menu" class="grid_12"> <div class="region region-main-menu"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first expanded active-trail menu-10900"><a href="/" title="" class="active-trail menu-link-10900" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>News</span></a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-10901"><a href="/general" title="" class="menu-link-10901" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>General</span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-10902"><a href="/history-archaeology" title="History & Archaeology" class="menu-link-10902" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>History & Archaeology</span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-10903"><a href="/science-space" title="Science & Space" class="menu-link-10903" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Science & Space</span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-10904"><a href="/evolution-human-origins" title="Evolution & Human Origins" class="menu-link-10904" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Evolution & Human Origins</span></a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-10905"><a href="/mysterious-phenomena" title="Mysterious Phenomena" class="menu-link-10905" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Mysterious Phenomena</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-10906"><a href="/human-origins" title="Human Origins" class="menu-link-10906" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Origins</span></a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-10907"><a href="/science" title="Science" class="menu-link-10907" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Science</span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-10908"><a href="/religions" title="Religions" class="menu-link-10908" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Religions</span></a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-10909"><a href="/folklore" title="Folklore" class="menu-link-10909" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Folklore</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-10929"><a href="/history-0" title="History" class="menu-link-10929" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>History</span></a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-10930"><a href="/ancient-traditions" title="Ancient Traditions" class="menu-link-10930" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Ancient Traditions</span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-10932"><a href="/famous-people" title="Famous People" class="menu-link-10932" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Famous People</span></a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-10931"><a href="/important-events" title="Important Events" class="menu-link-10931" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Important Events</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-10933"><a href="/artifacts-0" title="Artifacts" class="menu-link-10933" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Artifacts</span></a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-10934"><a href="/ancient-technology" title="Ancient Technology" class="menu-link-10934" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Ancient Technology</span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-10935"><a href="/ancient-writings" title="Ancient Writings" class="menu-link-10935" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Ancient Writings</span></a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-10936"><a href="/other-artifacts" title="Other Artifacts" class="menu-link-10936" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Other Artifacts</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-10910"><a href="/myths-legends" title="Myths" class="menu-link-10910" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Myths</span></a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-10911"><a href="/myths-legends/europe" title="Myths and Legends - Europe" class="menu-link-10911" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Europe</span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-10912"><a href="/myths-legends/asia" title="Myths and Legends - Asia" class="menu-link-10912" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Asia </span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-10913"><a href="/myths-legends/americas" title="Myths and Legends - America" class="menu-link-10913" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Americas</span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-10914"><a href="/myths-legends/australia" title="Myths and Legends - Australia" class="menu-link-10914" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Australia</span></a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-10915"><a href="/myths-legends/africa" title="Myths and Legends - Africa" class="menu-link-10915" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Africa</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-10917"><a href="/ancient-places" title="Ancient Places" class="menu-link-10917" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Places</span></a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-10918"><a href="/europe" title="Ancient Places - Europe" class="menu-link-10918" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Europe</span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-10919"><a href="/asia" title="Ancient Places - Asia" class="menu-link-10919" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Asia</span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-10920"><a href="/americas" title="Ancient Places - Americas" class="menu-link-10920" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Americas</span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-10921"><a href="/australia-oceania" title="Ancient Places - Australia & Oceania" class="menu-link-10921" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Australia & Oceania</span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-10922"><a href="/africa" title="Ancient Places - Africa" class="menu-link-10922" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Africa</span></a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-10923"><a href="/antarctica" title="Ancient Places - Antarctica" class="menu-link-10923" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Antarctica</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-10924"><a href="/unexplained-phenomena" title="Unexplained Phenomena" class="menu-link-10924" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Unexplained</span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-14115"><a href="/weird-facts" title="Weird Facts of History" class="menu-link-14115" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Weird Facts</span></a></li> <li class="expanded menu-12276"><a href="https://members.ancient-origins.net/" title="" class="menu-link-12276"><span>Premium</span></a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-14118"><a href="/preview-0" title="" class="menu-link-14118" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Preview</span></a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-14119"><a href="https://members.ancient-origins.net/ancient-origins-premium-membership-sales" title="" class="menu-link-14119"><span>Subscribe</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="last leaf menu-13290"><a href="https://shop.ancient-origins.net/" title="Ancient Origins Store" class="menu-link-13290"><span>SHOP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div></div> <div class="main-menu-second-level-wrapper clearfix"><div class="main-menu-second-level-wrapper-inner"> <nav id="main-menu-second-level" class="grid_12"> <div class="region region-main-menu-second-level"> <div id="block-menu-block-1" class="block block-menu-block"><div class="block-inner"> <h3 class="title"><span>News</span></h3> <div class="content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-1 menu-name-main-menu parent-mlid-0 menu-level-2"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-10901 menu-10901"><a href="/general" title="" class="menu-link-10901" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>General</span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-10902 menu-10902"><a href="/history-archaeology" title="History & Archaeology" class="menu-link-10902" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>History & Archaeology</span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-10903 menu-10903"><a href="/science-space" title="Science & Space" class="menu-link-10903" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Science & Space</span></a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-10904 menu-10904"><a href="/evolution-human-origins" title="Evolution & Human Origins" class="menu-link-10904" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Evolution & Human Origins</span></a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-10905 menu-10905"><a href="/mysterious-phenomena" title="Mysterious Phenomena" class="menu-link-10905" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Mysterious Phenomena</span></a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div></div> </div> </nav> </div></div> <div class="breadcrumb-wrapper clearfix"><div class="breadcrumb-wrapper-inner"> <div class="grid_12 "> <div class="breadcrumb"><nav class="breadcrumb-inner"><a href="/"><span>Home</span></a> / <a href="/history-0"><span>History</span></a> / <a href="/famous-people"><span>Famous People</span></a> / Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb</nav></div> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context": "https://schema.org","@type": "BreadcrumbList","itemListElement": [{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.ancient-origins.net\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"History","item":"https:\/\/www.ancient-origins.net\/history-0"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Famous People","item":"https:\/\/www.ancient-origins.net\/famous-people"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb"}]}</script> </div> </div></div> </header> <div class="top-banner-wrapper clearfix"><div class="top-banner-wrapper-inner"> <div class="grid_12 "> <div class="region region-top-banner"> <div id="block-block-88" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div class="desktops"><p class="center" style="text-align:center;display: inline-block;padding: 0px;margin: 15px 0px 0px;"><a href="https://shop.ancient-origins.net/collections/ancient-games" target="_blank"><img data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/Banner-Main-Site-01-1024.jpg?itok=4ZzNTKBL" width="1024" height="154" style="max-width: 100%; width: 1024px; height: auto; max-height: 154px;" alt="Store Banner Desktop"></a></p></div> <div class="mobiles"><p class="center" style="text-align:center;display: inline-block;padding: 0px;margin: 15px 0px 0px;"><a href="https://shop.ancient-origins.net/collections/ancient-games"><img data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/Banner-Main-Site-01-360.jpg?itok=A3nxZO-G" width="360" height="54" style="max-width: 100%; width: 360px; height: auto; max-height: 54px;" alt="Store Banner Mobile"></a></p></div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div></div>  <main> <div class="main-content-wrapper clearfix"><div class="main-content-wrapper-inner"> <section id="main-content" > <aside class="sidebar first-sidebar grid_2" id="sb1"> <div class="region region-sidebar-first"> <div id="block-block-31" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div style="overflow: hidden; text-align: center; background-color: #f8f8f8; padding:5px 0px;"><a href="https://members.ancient-origins.net/ancient-origins-premium-membership-sales">Sign Up</a> for<span style="font-weight: bold; color: #b52600;"> Premium</span><br /><span style="color:#b52600;">Ads-FREE </span>Content</div> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://bit.ly/46o6kGR" rel="ugc nofollow"><img data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/want-more-ancient-origins.jpg?itok=C-FHoBUo" width="220" height="246" alt="Ancient Origins Premium" style="width: 100%; height: auto;" /></a></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://bit.ly/3vEy2Cm" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><img data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/trasurehunt.jpg" width="220" height="284" alt="Ancient Origins Magazine" style="width: 100%; height: auto;" /></a></p> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-block-91" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div> <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/greek-mythology"> <img data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/Greek-Hub.jpg?itok=1em_C2l-" alt="Greek Mythology" width="220" height="220" /> <h3 style="text-align: center;text-decoration: underline;display: block;width: 100%;margin-top: 10px;">Greek Mythology</h3> </a> </div> <div style="margin-top: 30px;"> <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/norse-mythology"> <img data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/Norse-Hub.jpg?itok=ayQ1c_40" alt="Norse Mythology" width="220" height="220" /> <h3 style="text-align: center;text-decoration: underline;display: block;width: 100%;margin-top: 10px;">Norse Mythology</h3> </a> </div> <div style="margin-top: 30px;"> <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-egypt"> <img data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/Egypt-Hub.jpg?itok=1O615AOk" alt="Ancient Egypt" width="220" height="220" /> <h3 style="text-align: center;text-decoration: underline;display: block;width: 100%;margin-top: 10px;">Ancient Egypt</h3> </a> </div> <div style="margin-top: 30px;"> <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-rome"> <img data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/Rome-Hub.jpg?itok=RXV7ca8g" alt="Ancient Rome" width="220" height="220" /> <h3 style="text-align: center;text-decoration: underline;display: block;width: 100%;margin-top: 10px;">Ancient Rome</h3> </a> </div> <div style="margin-top: 30px;"> <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-mesopotamia"> <img data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/Mesopotamia-Hub.jpg?itok=RXV7ca8g" alt="Ancient Mesopotamia" width="220" height="220" /> <h3 style="text-align: center;text-decoration: underline;display: block;width: 100%;margin-top: 10px;">Ancient Mesopotamia</h3> </a> </div> <div style="margin-top: 30px; display: none;"> <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/inner-mysteries-egypt-and-nile-october-2023-0017306"> <img data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/Egypt-Tour-website-AD-copia.jpg?itok=TRw88P9N" alt="Egypt tour" width="220" height="183" style="width: 220px; height: auto;" /> </a> </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-block-95" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <h3 class="title"><span>SUBSTACKS</span></h3> <div class="content"> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.ancientoriginsunleashed.com/" rel="ugc nofollow"><img alt="" class="media-image" height="334" width="220" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/V2-Unleashed-Banner-sm.jpg?itok=7hnliu3a"></a></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.diggingupthepast.net/" rel="ugc nofollow"><img alt="" class="media-image" height="208" width="220" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/DUTP-Podcast-AO-Logo-gray-sm.jpg?itok=7hnliu3a"></a></p> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-block-35" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <h3 class="title"><span>Suggested Books</span></h3> <div class="content"> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Marriage-Tudor-Style-Love-Scandal/dp/B0DBL8CKTJ" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><img alt="" class="media-image" height="334" width="220" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/marriage-tudo-style-soberton-book-small.jpg?itok=GLSqEVfg"></a></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.innertraditions.com/books/the-secret-life-of-mother-mary" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><img alt="" class="media-image" height="334" width="220" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/Secret-Life-of-Mother-Mary-cover.jpg?itok=omSy3sgk"></a></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Mesopotamia-Time-Maps-Book-6-ebook/dp/B0CP3NN43J" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><img alt="Matriarchy: Mesopotamia" class="media-image" height="330" style="width: 220px; height: 330px;" width="220" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/time-maps-mesopotamia-fisher.png?itok=TCIYws0N"></a></p> <p style="text-align: center; display: none;"><a href="https://www.amberley-books.com/birth-of-the-red-dragon.html" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><img alt="" class="media-image" height="334" width="220" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/Birth-of-the-Red-Dragon-Wales-and-the-Wars-of-the-Roses-small.jpg?itok=BFgJRLuQ"></a></p> <p style="text-align: center; display: none;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Henry-Astonishing-Triumph-Englands-Greatest/dp/0593652738/" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><img alt="" class="media-image" height="334" width="220" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/DanJones-HenryV.jpg?itok=mkPkIfiK"></a></p> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-block-49" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <h3 class="title"><span>PARTNERS</span></h3> <div class="content">  <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.vikingjewelry.life " target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><img alt="Viking Jewelry" class="media-image" height="51" style="width: 220px; height: 51px;" width="220" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/VJL-Banner-300X70-8-Products-300dpi-9618.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="https://www.nexusmagazine.com" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><img alt="Nexus Magazine" class="media-image" height="70" style="width: 220px; height: 51px;" width="300" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/nexusmagad.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="https://bit.ly/2wFy3TW" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><img alt="Armstreet" class="media-image" height="51" style="width: 220px; height: 51px;" width="220" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/armstreet-ad-ao.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="https://www.innertraditions.com/" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><img alt="Inner Traditions" class="media-image" height="37" style="width: 220px; height: 37px;" width="220" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/Inner-traditions.jpg" /></a></p> </div> </div></div> </div> </aside> <div class="main"> <div class="main-inner grid_6"> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-system-main" class="block block-system"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <article id="node-10984" class="node node-article node-promoted odd " about="/history-famous-people/diocletian-0010984" > <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "mainEntityOfPage":{ "@type":"WebPage", "@id":"https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/diocletian-0010984" }, "headline": "Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Diocletian.jpg", "height": 630, "width": 1200 }, "thumbnailUrl": "https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Diocletian.jpg", "datePublished": "2018-11-13 01:50:56", "dateModified": "2018-11-13 01:50:56", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "dhwty", "url": "https://www.ancient-origins.net/users/dhwty" }, "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Ancient Origins", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/AncientOriginsLogo.png", "width": "144px", "height": "144px" } }, "description": "Diocletian was a Roman emperor who lived between the 3rd and 4th centuries AD. Prior to his ascension to the throne, the Roman Empire was going through the Crisis of the Third Century, a period during which the empire was in turmoil, and was on the brink of collapse." } </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "ImageObject", "author": "dhwty", "contentUrl": "https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Diocletian.jpg", "datePublished": "2018-11-13 01:50:56", "name": "Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb" } </script> <div class="field-image"> <figure itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <phoenix-picture><picture> <div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" resource="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/article_image/public/field/image/Diocletian.jpg?itok=kZU9oX6F"><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/article_image/public/field/image/Diocletian.jpg?itok=kZU9oX6F" width="1200" height="630" alt="Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (ca.245-313), Roman Emperor Diocletian. Marble bust, XVIIth century, Florence, Italy. On display at Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte, France. " /></div></div></div> </picture></phoenix-picture><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div class="node-content-wrapper"> <div class="submitted"> <span class="date"> <span>Updated</span> <span content="2018-11-13T01:50:56+00:00" >13 November, 2018 - 01:50</span> </span> <span ><a href="/users/dhwty" title="View user profile." class="username" xml:lang="" about="/users/dhwty" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>dhwty</span></a></span> </div> <h1 class="title">Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb</h1> <div class="print-article-wrapper"> <ul class="links inline"><li class="flag-bookmarks first last"><span><span class="flag-wrapper flag-bookmarks"><a href="/user/login?bookmark_login=1&destination=/?bookmark_login_nid=10984" title="Add this post to your bookmarks" class="flag flag-bookmark" rel="ugc nofollow">Read Later</a><span class="flag-throbber"> </span></span></span></li> </ul> <a href="javascript:;" class="print-article" onclick="jQuery('#node-10984').printThis();" rel="ugc nofollow">Print</a> </div> <span content="Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span><span content="0" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> <div class="content"> <script> const scriptEl = document.createElement('script'); scriptEl.setAttribute('fetchpriority', 'high'); scriptEl.setAttribute('charset', 'UTF-8'); const scriptURL = new URL('https://trinitymedia.ai/player/trinity/2900017946/?'); scriptURL.searchParams.set('pageURL', window.location.href); scriptEl.src = scriptURL.toString(); document.currentScript.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptEl, document.currentScript); </script> <div class="trinity-tts-pb" dir="ltr" style="font: 12px / 18px Verdana, Arial; height: 80px; line-height: 80px; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 0 82px;"> <strong style="font-weight: 400">Getting your <a href="//trinityaudio.ai" style="color: #4b4a4a; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 700;" rel="ugc nofollow">Trinity Audio</a> player ready...</strong> </div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" ><p>Diocletian was a Roman emperor who lived between the 3rd and 4th centuries AD. Prior to his ascension to the throne, the Roman Empire was going through the Crisis of the Third Century, a period during which the empire was in turmoil, and was on the brink of collapse. When Diocletian came to power, he instituted reforms that not only stabilized the empire, but also had an impact on the shape of the Roman Empire for centuries to come.</p> <h2>The Mystery of Diocletian’s Family</h2> <p>Diocletian (born Diocles and with a full name, as recorded in official inscriptions, of Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus) was born in 245 AD at Dioclea, near Salona, in Dalmatia (in modern day Croatia). Little is known about his origins. His mother’s name, for instance, has been lost to history, whilst his father is said to have been a scribe or an emancipated slave of a senator by the name of Anullinus. Diocletian was a military man, rising through the ranks until he attained the position of commander of Emperor Carus’ bodyguards.</p> <p align="center"><img alt="Diocletian's camp and Qasr Ibn Maʿan. (Ulrich Waack/CC BY SA 3.0)" class="media-image" height="407" style="width: 610px; height: 407px;" width="610" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Diocletians-camp.jpg?itok=Jpnhkxxv" /></p> <p align="center"><em>Diocletian's camp and Qasr Ibn Maʿan. (Ulrich Waack/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diocletian%27s_camp_and_Qasr_Ibn_Ma%CA%BFan.jpg" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow">CC BY SA 3.0</a>)</em></p> <h2>An Empire Divided</h2> <p>In 283 AD, Carus died, and his two sons, Carinus and Numerian, <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/succinct-timeline-roman-emperors-400-years-power-condensed-009115">ruled the empire</a> as co-emperors. Numerian died in the east in 284 AD, allegedly <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/praetorian-guards-serve-and-protect-roman-emperors-most-time-004230">murdered by his Praetorian Prefect</a>, Arrius Aper. Diocletian was proclaimed as emperor by Numerian’s troops, and the new emperor slew Aper with his own hands. Apparently, there was a prophecy stating that Diocletian would become the Roman emperor on the day he killed a boar (which in Latin is ‘aper’).</p><div id="article-add-2" class="content_add_block"><div id="block-block-81" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div data-aaad='true' data-aa-adunit='/339474670/Ancient_Origins.net/Article-Pages-Below-Pic'></div> </div> </div></div> </div><p style="display:none;"></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/succinct-timeline-roman-emperors-400-years-power-condensed-009115">A Succinct Timeline of Roman Emperors—400 Years of Power Condensed</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places/roman-city-theveste-0010659">The Arch of Caracalla, Theveste, Algeria – The Soul of Romanized Africa</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/giant-finger-emperor-constantine-found-0010152">Giant Finger of Emperor Constantine Found At Last </a></li> </ul> <p align="center"><b></p> <iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="343" scrolling="no" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/vuKSi8_w-hw" data-article-video="1" width="610" /></iframe><p></b></p> <p>Diocletian’s power, however, was limited to the areas controlled by his army, i.e. Asia Minor, and possibly Syria. The rest of the empire was still loyal to Carinus, Numerian’s brother. A war between the two men was inevitable. Carinus first defeated Julianus, an army commander in Pannonia who had revolted, before proceeding to deal with Diocletian. In 285 AD, the Battle of the Margus was fought between Carinus and Diocletian’s armies. Initially, it seemed that Carinus was winning. The tide changed, however, when Aristobulus, the Praetorian Prefect of Carinus, defected, and Carinus himself was assassinated. As a consequence of Carinus’ death, Diocletian became the sole ruler of the Roman Empire.</p> <p>Realizing that the empire was too large for him to rule on his own, Diocletian decided to divide the empire between himself and a colleague of his choice. Thus, in 286 AD, Maximian, one of Diocletian’s old comrades, was proclaimed co-emperor. Whilst Diocletian ruled in the east, Maximian was in charge of the west. In 293 AD, each emperor appointed a <em>caesar</em> of his choice, who would take over as emperor in the event of their deaths. Thus, the Tetrarchy (meaning ‘rule of four’) was established in the Roman Empire.</p><div id="article-add-7" class="content_add_block"><div id="block-block-82" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div data-aaad='true' data-aa-adunit='/339474670/Ancient_Origins.net/Ancient_Origins_Native'></div> </div> </div></div> </div><p style="display:none;"></p> <p align="center"><img alt="Small bronze coin (denarius?) of Maximianus Herculius. (Aaron Bruce/CC BY SA 3.0)" class="media-image" height="618" style="width: 610px; height: 618px;" width="610" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Small-bronze-coin.jpg?itok=N6Z4ie_A" /></p> <p align="center"><em>Small bronze coin (denarius?) of Maximianus Herculius. (Aaron Bruce/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IMP_MAXIMIANVS_P_AVG.gif" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow">CC BY SA 3.0</a>)</em></p> <h2>The Diocletian Tetrarchy</h2> <p>Diocletian’s institution of the Tetrarchy was meant to counter a problem that had been prevalent during the Crisis of the Third Century. During this chaotic period, <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/roman-emperor-assassination-0010520" target="_blank">emperor assassinations were common</a>. The death of an emperor was often followed by a period of war between factions trying to claim power. This in turn contributed to the instability of the empire. With the establishment of the Tetrarchy, the Roman Empire was made more stable. The death one Tetrarch would not result in the same kind of power vacuum caused by the death of a sole emperor.</p> <p>The Tetrarchy worked well during Diocletian’s lifetime, though it began to fall apart not long after his death, as a consequence of the conflict that arose amongst his successors. Although the Tetrarchy ended with the re-unification of the Roman Empire under Constantine, it marked the beginning of the empire’s division into the Eastern and Western Roman Empires.</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-europe/palace-diocletian-roman-retirement-home-and-palace-fortress-croatia-003353">The Palace of Diocletian: Roman Retirement Home and Palace Fortress of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/artifacts-other-artifacts/upcycling-ancient-beauty-how-precious-stones-monuments-and-jewels-have-021059">Upcycling Ancient Beauty – How Precious Stones, Monuments, and Jewels Have Been Re-Used</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/history/sorcerer-saint-cyprian-0010754">From Sorcerer to Saint: The Arcane Life and Magickal Times of Saint Cyprian </a></li> </ul> <p align="center"><img alt="Laureate head of Diocletian. (G.dallorto)" class="media-image" height="700" style="width: 568px; height: 700px;" width="568" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/Laureate-head-of-Diocletian.jpg" /></p> <p align="center"><em>Laureate head of Diocletian. (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Istanbul_-_Museo_archeol._-_Diocleziano_(284-305_d.C.)_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_28-5-2006.jpg" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow">G.dallorto</a>)</em></p> <h2>Diocletian’s Persecution of Christians</h2> <p>Diocletian also has a place in the history of Christianity, where he is remembered as a persecutor of the Church. Whilst Christianity was allowed to exist peacefully during the early part of Diocletian’s reign, the Diocletianic Persecution took place in the last years of the emperor’s life. It is unclear what triggered the persecution, but it spread across the empire with violence. Instead of destroying the Christian faith, however, the persecution strengthened the Church.</p> <p>Diocletian abdicated in 305 AD, and was succeeded by his <em>caesar</em>, Galerius. He retired <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-europe/palace-diocletian-roman-retirement-home-and-palace-fortress-croatia-003353">to his palace at Split</a> (in modern day Croatia), where he apparently spent his time gardening. When Maximian wrote to him suggesting that he ought to return to politics, Diocletian allegedly replied that if he were to see the cabbages grown in his garden, he would understand the impossibility of this suggestion. Diocletian died in 313 AD.</p> <p align="center"><img alt="Diocletian in retirement. (Public Domain)" class="media-image" height="607" style="width: 610px; height: 607px;" width="610" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Diocletian-in-retirement.jpg?itok=rZ2iftaG" /></p> <p align="center"><em>Diocletian in retirement. (<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Young_Folks%27_History_of_Rome_illus342.png" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow">Public Domain</a>)</em></p> <p><em>Top Image: Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus</em> <em>(ca.245-313), Roman Emperor Diocletian. Marble bust, XVIIth century, Florence, Italy. On display at Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte, France.</em> <em>Source: <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Diocletien_Vaux1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow">Public Domain</a></em></p> <p>By <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/users/dhwty">Wu Mingren</a></p> <div id="references"><h2>References</h2> <p>Cavendish, R., 2005. <em>Abdication of the Emperor Diocletian. </em>Available at: <a href="https://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/abdication-emperor-diocletian" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><u>https://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/abdication-emperor-diocletian</u></a></p> <p>Cousin, J., 2018. <em>Diocletian. </em>Available at: <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Diocletian" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><u>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Diocletian</u></a></p> <p>Gill, N., 2017. <em>What Was the Roman Tetrarchy? </em>Available at: <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-tetrarchy-120830" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><u>https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-tetrarchy-120830</u></a></p> <p>Lendering, J., 2017. <em>Diocletian. </em>Available at: <a href="http://www.livius.org/articles/person/diocletian/" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><u>http://www.livius.org/articles/person/diocletian/</u></a></p> <p>Scannell, T., 1909. <em>Diocletian. </em>Available at: <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05007b.htm" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><u>http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05007b.htm</u></a></p> <p>Sheldon, N., 2010. <em>The Emperor Diocletian. </em>Available at: <a href="https://www.ancienthistoryarchaeology.com/the-emperor-diocletian" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"><u>https://www.ancienthistoryarchaeology.com/the-emperor-diocletian</u></a></p> </div></div></div></div><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"VideoObject","name":"Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb","description":"Diocletian was a Roman emperor who lived between the 3rd and 4th centuries AD. Prior to his ascension to the throne, the Roman Empire was going through the Crisis of the Third Century, a period during which the empire was in turmoil, and was on the brink of collapse.","thumbnailUrl":["https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/vuKSi8_w-hw\/0.jpg"],"uploadDate":"2018-11-13T01:50:56+00:00","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ancient-origins.net\/history-famous-people\/diocletian-0010984","embedUrl":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/vuKSi8_w-hw"}</script><div id="ao-visitor-points-endpoint" class="ao-visitor-points-endpoint not-visited" data-words="972" data-timeout="180000" style="width:100%; height: 2px;"> </div> </div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="sharethis first last"><span><div class="sharethis-wrapper"><span st_url="https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/diocletian-0010984" st_title="Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb" class="st_facebook_button" displayText="facebook"></span> <span st_url="https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/diocletian-0010984" st_title="Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb" class="st_twitter_button" displayText="twitter"></span> <span st_url="https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/diocletian-0010984" st_title="Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb" class="st_linkedin_button" displayText="linkedin"></span> <span st_url="https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/diocletian-0010984" st_title="Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb" class="st_email_button" displayText="email"></span> <span st_url="https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/diocletian-0010984" st_title="Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb" class="st_sharethis_button" displayText="sharethis"></span> <span st_url="https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/diocletian-0010984" st_title="Emperor Diocletian: The Stabilizer of Rome Had a Green Thumb" class="st_pinterest_button" displayText="pinterest"></span> </div></span></li> </ul> <nav class="taxonomy"><div class="taxonomy-inner clearfix"> <div class="field field-name-field-section field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Section: </div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" ><a href="/news" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>News</span></a></div><div class="field-item odd" ><a href="/history-0" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>History</span></a></div><div class="field-item even" ><a href="/famous-people" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Famous People</span></a></div></div></div> </div></nav> <nav class="taxonomy"><div class="taxonomy-inner clearfix"> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Tags: </div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" ><a href="/diocletian" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Diocletian</span></a></div><div class="field-item odd" ><a href="/ancient-rome/figures/emperors" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Roman Emperors</span></a></div><div class="field-item even" ><a href="/ancient-rome/chronology/empire" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Roman Empire</span></a></div><div class="field-item odd" ><a href="/persecution" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>persecution</span></a></div><div class="field-item even" ><a href="/tetrarchy" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>tetrarchy</span></a></div></div></div> </div></nav> </div> </article> <div id="ao-article-outbrain"> <div class="OUTBRAIN" data-src="DROP_PERMALINK_HERE" data-widget-id="AR_50"></div> <script async="async" data-src="//widgets.outbrain.com/outbrain.js" type="lazyload_ext" ></script> </div> <div id="single-author-teaser"> <div class="single-author-wrap"> <div class="author-box-wrap clearfix"> <div class="author-thumb"> <div class="user-picture"> <a href="/users/dhwty" title="View user profile." rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/image_105x105/public/pictures/picture-5816-1393884436.jpg?itok=lYMndJ9k" width="105" height="105" alt="dhwty's picture" title="dhwty's picture" /></span></a> </div> </div> <h3 class="author-title">Wu</h3> <div class="author-description"> <p>Wu Mingren (‘Dhwty’) has a Bachelor of Arts in Ancient History and Archaeology. Although his primary interest is in the ancient civilizations of the Near East, he is also interested in other geographical regions, as well as other time periods.... <a class="read-more" href="/users/dhwty" rel="ugc nofollow">Read More</a></p> </div> </div>  </div>  </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="region region-content-bottom"> <div id="block-views-related-content-block" class="block block-views"><div class="block-inner"> <h3 class="title"><span>Related Articles on Ancient-Origins</span></h3> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-related-content view-id-related_content view-display-id-block view-dom-id-72d6211f2bd6d0044453df66ceb08792"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <aside id="node-21464" class="node node-article node-promoted node-teaser odd " about="/news-history/emperor-constantine-0021464" > <div class="field-image"> <figure itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <phoenix-picture><picture> <div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" resource="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_optimized/public/field/image/The%20Rise%20of%20Constantine.jpg?itok=owF1GGwV"><a href="/news-history/emperor-constantine-0021464" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_optimized/public/field/image/The%20Rise%20of%20Constantine.jpg?itok=owF1GGwV" width="288" height="173" alt="The Rise of Constantine the Great: Rome's Savior and Reformer" /></span></a></div></div></div> </picture></phoenix-picture><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div class="node-content-wrapper"> <div class="submitted"> <span class="date"> <span content="2024-09-21T20:35:47+01:00" >21 September, 2024 - 20:35</span> </span> <span ><a href="/users/robbie-mitchell" title="View user profile." class="username" xml:lang="" about="/users/robbie-mitchell" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Robbie Mitchell</span></a></span> </div> <h2 class="title"><a href="/news-history/emperor-constantine-0021464" rel="ugc nofollow">The Rise of Constantine the Great: Rome's Savior and Reformer</a></h2> <span content="The Rise of Constantine the Great: Rome's Savior and Reformer" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span><span content="0" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> <div class="content"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" >In all of history, few figures have reshaped the world as profoundly as Constantine the Great. Born amidst the chaos of a divided Roman Empire, Constantine emerged not only as a formidable warrior...</div></div></div> </div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="flag-bookmarks first"><span><span class="flag-wrapper flag-bookmarks"><a href="/user/login?bookmark_login=1&destination=/?bookmark_login_nid=21464" title="Add this post to your bookmarks" class="flag flag-bookmark" rel="ugc nofollow">Read Later</a><span class="flag-throbber"> </span></span></span></li> <li class="node-readmore last"><a href="/news-history/emperor-constantine-0021464" rel="ugc nofollow" title="The Rise of Constantine the Great: Rome's Savior and Reformer" class="read-more"><span>Read more<span class="element-invisible"> about The Rise of Constantine the Great: Rome's Savior and Reformer</span></span></a></li> </ul> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <aside id="node-19769" class="node node-article node-promoted node-teaser even " about="/premium-preview/tetrarchy-0019769" > <div class="field-image"> <figure itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <phoenix-picture><picture> <div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" resource="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_optimized/public/field/image/Tetrarchy-preview.jpg?itok=Kj67DOwP"><a href="/premium-preview/tetrarchy-0019769" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_optimized/public/field/image/Tetrarchy-preview.jpg?itok=Kj67DOwP" width="288" height="173" alt="Battle Scene with a Roman Army Besieging a Large City by Juan de la Corta (17th century) (Public Domain)" /></span></a></div></div></div> </picture></phoenix-picture><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div class="node-content-wrapper"> <div class="submitted"> <span class="date"> <span content="2023-11-08T22:30:40+00:00" >8 November, 2023 - 22:30</span> </span> <span ><a href="/user/168042" title="View user profile." class="username" xml:lang="" about="/user/168042" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Mario Bartolini</span></a></span> </div> <h2 class="title"><a href="/premium-preview/tetrarchy-0019769" rel="ugc nofollow">Diocletian’s Utopia: The Tetrarchy Of The Roman Empire (285 – 325 AD)</a></h2> <span content="Diocletian’s Utopia: The Tetrarchy Of The Roman Empire (285 – 325 AD)" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span><span content="0" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> <div class="content"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" >When Roman General Diocletian was designated Emperor by his army in 284, he followed suit of many General-Emperors before him and engaged in war against the legitimate Emperor in place in order to...</div></div></div> </div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="flag-bookmarks first"><span><span class="flag-wrapper flag-bookmarks"><a href="/user/login?bookmark_login=1&destination=/?bookmark_login_nid=19769" title="Add this post to your bookmarks" class="flag flag-bookmark" rel="ugc nofollow">Read Later</a><span class="flag-throbber"> </span></span></span></li> <li class="node-readmore last"><a href="/premium-preview/tetrarchy-0019769" rel="ugc nofollow" title="Diocletian’s Utopia: The Tetrarchy Of The Roman Empire (285 – 325 AD)" class="read-more"><span>Read more<span class="element-invisible"> about Diocletian’s Utopia: The Tetrarchy Of The Roman Empire (285 – 325 AD)</span></span></a></li> </ul> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <aside id="node-19682" class="node node-article node-promoted node-teaser odd " about="/premium-preview/third-century-crisis-0019682" > <div class="field-image"> <figure itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <phoenix-picture><picture> <div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" resource="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_optimized/public/field/image/Third-Century-Crisis-preview.jpg?itok=Br-Nz02b"><a href="/premium-preview/third-century-crisis-0019682" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_optimized/public/field/image/Third-Century-Crisis-preview.jpg?itok=Br-Nz02b" width="288" height="173" alt="Roman soldiers on the march and their general (vukkostic /Adobe Stock)" /></span></a></div></div></div> </picture></phoenix-picture><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div class="node-content-wrapper"> <div class="submitted"> <span class="date"> <span content="2023-10-27T18:22:30+01:00" >27 October, 2023 - 18:22</span> </span> <span ><a href="/user/168042" title="View user profile." class="username" xml:lang="" about="/user/168042" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Mario Bartolini</span></a></span> </div> <h2 class="title"><a href="/premium-preview/third-century-crisis-0019682" rel="ugc nofollow">Third-Century Roman Empire: Revival From Chaos 270 – 285 BC</a></h2> <span content="Third-Century Roman Empire: Revival From Chaos 270 – 285 BC" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span><span content="0" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> <div class="content"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" >During the period designated by modern historians as the era of Roman military anarchy which lasted from 235 to 285 AD, 20 generals unconventionally elected as emperors fought and succeeded each...</div></div></div> </div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="flag-bookmarks first"><span><span class="flag-wrapper flag-bookmarks"><a href="/user/login?bookmark_login=1&destination=/?bookmark_login_nid=19682" title="Add this post to your bookmarks" class="flag flag-bookmark" rel="ugc nofollow">Read Later</a><span class="flag-throbber"> </span></span></span></li> <li class="node-readmore last"><a href="/premium-preview/third-century-crisis-0019682" rel="ugc nofollow" title="Third-Century Roman Empire: Revival From Chaos 270 – 285 BC" class="read-more"><span>Read more<span class="element-invisible"> about Third-Century Roman Empire: Revival From Chaos 270 – 285 BC</span></span></a></li> </ul> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <aside id="node-19141" class="node node-article node-promoted node-teaser even " about="/premium-preview/roman-provinces-0019141" > <div class="field-image"> <figure itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <phoenix-picture><picture> <div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" resource="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_optimized/public/field/image/Roman-provinces-banner.jpg?itok=rV1t5tTZ"><a href="/premium-preview/roman-provinces-0019141" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_optimized/public/field/image/Roman-provinces-banner.jpg?itok=rV1t5tTZ" width="288" height="173" alt="Aftermath of Romans Conquering (furyon/ Adobe Stock)" /></span></a></div></div></div> </picture></phoenix-picture><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div class="node-content-wrapper"> <div class="submitted"> <span class="date"> <span content="2023-08-23T16:30:23+01:00" >23 August, 2023 - 16:30</span> </span> <span ><a href="/user/171849" title="View user profile." class="username" xml:lang="" about="/user/171849" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Patricia Southern</span></a></span> </div> <h2 class="title"><a href="/premium-preview/roman-provinces-0019141" rel="ugc nofollow">The Roman Empire’s Pragmatic Puzzle Of Provinces</a></h2> <span content="The Roman Empire’s Pragmatic Puzzle Of Provinces" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span><span content="0" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> <div class="content"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" >The popular conception of the Romans, mainly fostered by movies and television, extends to their all-conquering dominance, their armies, gladiators, blood and gore, sex and violence, mad emperors,...</div></div></div> </div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="flag-bookmarks first"><span><span class="flag-wrapper flag-bookmarks"><a href="/user/login?bookmark_login=1&destination=/?bookmark_login_nid=19141" title="Add this post to your bookmarks" class="flag flag-bookmark" rel="ugc nofollow">Read Later</a><span class="flag-throbber"> </span></span></span></li> <li class="node-readmore last"><a href="/premium-preview/roman-provinces-0019141" rel="ugc nofollow" title="The Roman Empire’s Pragmatic Puzzle Of Provinces" class="read-more"><span>Read more<span class="element-invisible"> about The Roman Empire’s Pragmatic Puzzle Of Provinces</span></span></a></li> </ul> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd"> <aside id="node-12666" class="node node-article node-promoted node-teaser odd " about="/ancient-places-europe/viminacium-0012666" > <div class="field-image"> <figure itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <phoenix-picture><picture> <div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" resource="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_optimized/public/field/image/Viminacium.jpg?itok=EpfGNDLo"><a href="/ancient-places-europe/viminacium-0012666" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_optimized/public/field/image/Viminacium.jpg?itok=EpfGNDLo" width="288" height="173" alt="Reconstruction of Roman amphitheatre, Viminacium Source: smoke666/ Adobe Stock" /></span></a></div></div></div> </picture></phoenix-picture><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div class="node-content-wrapper"> <div class="submitted"> <span class="date"> <span content="2019-10-03T01:22:59+01:00" >3 October, 2019 - 01:22</span> </span> <span ><a href="/users/ed-whelan" title="View user profile." class="username" xml:lang="" about="/users/ed-whelan" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Ed Whelan</span></a></span> </div> <h2 class="title"><a href="/ancient-places-europe/viminacium-0012666" rel="ugc nofollow">Viminacium: Where Mammoths Roamed and Romans Ruled</a></h2> <span content="Viminacium: Where Mammoths Roamed and Romans Ruled" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span><span content="0" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> <div class="content"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" >The Balkans was once an important strategic part of the Roman Empire and as a result, archaeologists have found a vast array of historic Roman ruins in the region. One of the most extensive...</div></div></div> </div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="flag-bookmarks first"><span><span class="flag-wrapper flag-bookmarks"><a href="/user/login?bookmark_login=1&destination=/?bookmark_login_nid=12666" title="Add this post to your bookmarks" class="flag flag-bookmark" rel="ugc nofollow">Read Later</a><span class="flag-throbber"> </span></span></span></li> <li class="node-readmore last"><a href="/ancient-places-europe/viminacium-0012666" rel="ugc nofollow" title="Viminacium: Where Mammoths Roamed and Romans Ruled" class="read-more"><span>Read more<span class="element-invisible"> about Viminacium: Where Mammoths Roamed and Romans Ruled</span></span></a></li> </ul> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-6 views-row-even views-row-last"> <aside id="node-9115" class="node node-article node-promoted node-teaser even " about="/history-famous-people/succinct-timeline-roman-emperors-400-years-power-condensed-009115" > <div class="field-image"> <figure itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <phoenix-picture><picture> <div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" resource="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_optimized/public/field/image/Timeline-of-Roman-Emperors.jpg?itok=L_Nrtx7A"><a href="/history-famous-people/succinct-timeline-roman-emperors-400-years-power-condensed-009115" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_optimized/public/field/image/Timeline-of-Roman-Emperors.jpg?itok=L_Nrtx7A" width="288" height="173" alt="Six of the Roman Emperors: " /></span></a></div></div></div> </picture></phoenix-picture><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div class="node-content-wrapper"> <div class="submitted"> <span class="date"> <span content="2017-11-10T22:58:33+00:00" >10 November, 2017 - 22:58</span> </span> <span ><a href="/users/riley-winters" title="View user profile." class="username" xml:lang="" about="/users/riley-winters" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Riley Winters</span></a></span> </div> <h2 class="title"><a href="/history-famous-people/succinct-timeline-roman-emperors-400-years-power-condensed-009115" rel="ugc nofollow">A Succinct Timeline of Roman Emperors—400 Years of Power Condensed</a></h2> <span content="A Succinct Timeline of Roman Emperors—400 Years of Power Condensed" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span><span content="0" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> <div class="content"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" >To say that the Roman Empire had its ups and downs would be the understatement of all understatements. No “nation” was more abruptly destabilized or even more abruptly stabilized than that of ancient...</div></div></div> </div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="flag-bookmarks first"><span><span class="flag-wrapper flag-bookmarks"><a href="/user/login?bookmark_login=1&destination=/?bookmark_login_nid=9115" title="Add this post to your bookmarks" class="flag flag-bookmark" rel="ugc nofollow">Read Later</a><span class="flag-throbber"> </span></span></span></li> <li class="node-readmore last"><a href="/history-famous-people/succinct-timeline-roman-emperors-400-years-power-condensed-009115" rel="ugc nofollow" title="A Succinct Timeline of Roman Emperors—400 Years of Power Condensed" class="read-more"><span>Read more<span class="element-invisible"> about A Succinct Timeline of Roman Emperors—400 Years of Power Condensed</span></span></a></li> </ul> </div> </aside> <aside class="content_add_block"><div id="content_add_block_3"></div></aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <aside class="sidebar second-sidebar grid_4 clearfix" id="sb2"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <div id="block-block-18" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content">  <p><a href="https://shop.ancient-origins.net/collections/ancient-board-games" rel="follow"><img alt="" class="media-image" height="300" width="300" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/300x-300-px-_Gif-AO-ANCIENT-GAMES-.gif" /></a></p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDooSofNQVY" rel="ugc nofollow"><img alt="" class="media-image" height="140" width="300" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/VideoIntro_0.jpg" /></a></p> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-block-89" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <p style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://bit.ly/3Rvhx4A" target="_blank" rel="ugc nofollow"> <img data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/LITHODOMOS-VR-Tour-Banner-320px.jpg" alt="Free VR Tour Banner" style="width: 100%; height: auto;" width="1147" height="1451" /> </a> </p> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-ao-activecampaign-ao-activecampaign-block" class="block block-ao-activecampaign"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <style> #_form_3_ { font-size:14px; line-height:1.6; font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin:0; } #_form_3_ * { outline:0; } ._form_hide { display:none; visibility:hidden; } ._form_show { display:block; visibility:visible; } #_form_3_._form-top { top:0; } #_form_3_._form-bottom { bottom:0; } #_form_3_._form-left { left:0; } #_form_3_._form-right { right:0; } #_form_3_ input[type="text"],#_form_3_ input[type="tel"],#_form_3_ input[type="date"],#_form_3_ textarea { padding:6px; height:auto; border:#979797 1px solid; border-radius:4px; color:#000 !important; font-size:14px; -webkit-box-sizing:border-box; -moz-box-sizing:border-box; box-sizing:border-box; } #_form_3_ textarea { resize:none; } #_form_3_ ._submit { -webkit-appearance:none; cursor:pointer; font-family:arial, sans-serif; font-size:14px; text-align:center; background: transparent; border: 4px solid #B77610 !important; -moz-border-radius:4px !important; -webkit-border-radius:10px !important; border-radius:10px !important; color:#fff !important; padding:10px !important; } #_form_3_ ._close-icon { cursor:pointer; background-image:url('https://d226aj4ao1t61q.cloudfront.net/esfkyjh1u_forms-close-dark.png'); background-repeat:no-repeat; background-size:14.2px 14.2px; position:absolute; display:block; top:11px; right:9px; overflow:hidden; width:16.2px; height:16.2px; } #_form_3_ ._close-icon:before { position:relative; } #_form_3_ ._form-body { margin-bottom:30px; } #_form_3_ ._form-image-left { width:150px; float:left; } #_form_3_ ._form-content-right { margin-left:164px; } #_form_3_ ._form-branding { color:#fff; font-size:10px; clear:both; text-align:left; margin-top:30px; font-weight:100; } #_form_3_ ._form-branding ._logo { display:block; width:130px; height:14px; margin-top:6px; background-image:url('https://d226aj4ao1t61q.cloudfront.net/hh9ujqgv5_aclogo_li.png'); background-size:130px auto; background-repeat:no-repeat; } #_form_3_ .form-sr-only { position:absolute; width:1px; height:1px; padding:0; margin:-1px; overflow:hidden; clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0); border:0; } #_form_3_ ._form-label,#_form_3_ ._form_element ._form-label { font-weight:bold; margin-bottom:5px; display:block; } #_form_3_._dark ._form-branding { color:#333; } #_form_3_._dark ._form-branding ._logo { background-image:url('https://d226aj4ao1t61q.cloudfront.net/jftq2c8s_aclogo_dk.png'); } #_form_3_ ._form_element { position:relative; margin-bottom:10px; font-size:0; max-width:100%; } #_form_3_ ._form_element * { font-size:14px; } #_form_3_ ._form_element._clear { clear:both; width:100%; float:none; } #_form_3_ ._form_element._clear:after { clear:left; } #_form_3_ ._form_element input[type="text"],#_form_3_ ._form_element input[type="date"],#_form_3_ ._form_element select,#_form_3_ ._form_element textarea:not(.g-recaptcha-response) { display:block; width:100%; -webkit-box-sizing:border-box; -moz-box-sizing:border-box; box-sizing:border-box; font-family:inherit; } #_form_3_ ._field-wrapper { position:relative; } #_form_3_ ._inline-style { float:left; } #_form_3_ ._inline-style input[type="text"] { width:150px; } #_form_3_ ._inline-style:not(._clear) + ._inline-style:not(._clear) { margin-left:20px; } #_form_3_ ._form_element img._form-image { max-width:100%; } #_form_3_ ._form_element ._form-fieldset { border:0; padding:0.01em 0 0 0; margin:0; min-width:0; } #_form_3_ ._clear-element { clear:left; } #_form_3_ ._full_width { width:100%; } #_form_3_ ._form_full_field { display:block; width:100%; margin-bottom:10px; } #_form_3_ input[type="text"]._has_error,#_form_3_ textarea._has_error { border:#f37c7b 1px solid; } #_form_3_ input[type="checkbox"]._has_error { outline:#f37c7b 1px solid; } #_form_3_ ._error { display:block; position:absolute; font-size:14px; z-index:10000001; } #_form_3_ ._error._above { padding-bottom:4px; bottom:39px; right:0; } #_form_3_ ._error._below { padding-top:4px; top:100%; right:0; } #_form_3_ ._error._above ._error-arrow { bottom:0; right:15px; border-left:5px solid transparent; border-right:5px solid transparent; border-top:5px solid #f37c7b; } #_form_3_ ._error._below ._error-arrow { top:0; right:15px; border-left:5px solid transparent; border-right:5px solid transparent; border-bottom:5px solid #f37c7b; } #_form_3_ ._error-inner { padding:8px 12px; background-color:#f37c7b; font-size:14px; font-family:arial, sans-serif; color:#fff; text-align:center; text-decoration:none; -webkit-border-radius:4px; -moz-border-radius:4px; border-radius:4px; } #_form_3_ ._error-inner._form_error { margin-bottom:5px; text-align:left; } #_form_3_ ._button-wrapper ._error-inner._form_error { position:static; } #_form_3_ ._error-inner._no_arrow { margin-bottom:10px; } #_form_3_ ._error-arrow { position:absolute; width:0; height:0; } #_form_3_ ._error-html { margin-bottom:10px; } .pika-single { z-index:10000001 !important; } #_form_3_ input[type="text"].datetime_date { width:69%; display:inline; } #_form_3_ select.datetime_time { width:29%; display:inline; height:32px; } #_form_3_ input[type="date"].datetime_date { width:69%; display:inline-flex; } #_form_3_ input[type="time"].datetime_time { width:29%; display:inline-flex; } @media all and (min-width:320px) and (max-width:667px) { ::-webkit-scrollbar { display:none; } #_form_3_ { margin:0; width:100%; min-width:100%; max-width:100%; box-sizing:border-box; } #_form_3_ * { -webkit-box-sizing:border-box; -moz-box-sizing:border-box; box-sizing:border-box; font-size:1em; } #_form_3_ ._form-content { margin:0; width:100%; } #_form_3_ ._form-inner { display:block; min-width:100%; } #_form_3_ ._form-title,#_form_3_ ._inline-style { margin-top:0; margin-right:0; margin-left:0; } #_form_3_ ._form-title { font-size:1.2em; } #_form_3_ ._form_element { margin:0 0 20px; padding:0; width:100%; } #_form_3_ ._form-element,#_form_3_ ._inline-style,#_form_3_ input[type="text"],#_form_3_ label,#_form_3_ p,#_form_3_ textarea:not(.g-recaptcha-response) { float:none; display:block; width:100%; } #_form_3_ ._row._checkbox-radio label { display:inline; } #_form_3_ ._row,#_form_3_ p,#_form_3_ label { margin-bottom:0.7em; width:100%; } #_form_3_ ._row input[type="checkbox"],#_form_3_ ._row input[type="radio"] { margin:0 !important; vertical-align:middle !important; } #_form_3_ ._row input[type="checkbox"] + span label { display:inline; } #_form_3_ ._row span label { margin:0 !important; width:initial !important; vertical-align:middle !important; } #_form_3_ ._form-image { max-width:100%; height:auto !important; } #_form_3_ input[type="text"] { padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px; font-size:16px; line-height:1.3em; -webkit-appearance:none; } #_form_3_ input[type="radio"],#_form_3_ input[type="checkbox"] { display:inline-block; width:1.3em; height:1.3em; font-size:1em; margin:0 0.3em 0 0; vertical-align:baseline; } #_form_3_ button[type="submit"] { padding:20px; font-size:1.5em; } #_form_3_ ._inline-style { margin:20px 0 0 !important; } } #_form_3_ { position:relative; text-align:left; margin:0px auto 0; padding:10px; -webkit-box-sizing:border-box; -moz-box-sizing:border-box; box-sizing:border-box; *zoom:1; background:#16273F !important; border:0px solid #b0b0b0 !important; max-width:320px; -moz-border-radius:0px !important; -webkit-border-radius:0px !important; border-radius:10px !important; color:#fff !important; } #_form_3_._inline-form,#_form_3_._inline-form ._form-content,#_form_3_._inline-form input,#_form_3_._inline-form ._submit { font-family:arial, helvetica, sans; } #_form_3_ ._form-title { font-size:19px; line-height:22px; font-weight:600; margin-bottom:0; } #_form_3_:before,#_form_3_:after { content:" "; display:table; } #_form_3_:after { clear:both; } #_form_3_._inline-style { width:auto; display:inline-block; } #_form_3_._inline-style input[type="text"],#_form_3_._inline-style input[type="date"] { padding:10px 12px; } #_form_3_._inline-style button._inline-style { position:relative; top:27px; } #_form_3_._inline-style p { margin:0; } #_form_3_._inline-style ._button-wrapper { position:relative; margin:27px 12.5px 0 20px; } #_form_3_ ._form-thank-you { position:relative; left:0; right:0; text-align:center; font-size:18px; } @media all and (min-width:320px) and (max-width:667px) { #_form_3_._inline-form._inline-style ._inline-style._button-wrapper { margin-top:20px !important; margin-left:0 !important; } } #_form_3_ .iti.iti--allow-dropdown.iti--separate-dial-code { width:100%; } #_form_3_ .iti input { width:100%; height:32px; border:#979797 1px solid; border-radius:4px; } #_form_3_ .iti--separate-dial-code .iti__selected-flag { background-color:#fff; border-radius:4px; } #_form_3_ .iti--separate-dial-code .iti__selected-flag:hover { background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); } #_form_3_ .iti__country-list { border-radius:4px; margin-top:4px; min-width:460px; } #_form_3_ .iti__country-list--dropup { margin-bottom:4px; } #_form_3_ .phone-error-hidden { display:none; } #_form_3_ .phone-error { color:#e40e49; } #_form_3_ .phone-input-error { border:1px solid #e40e49 !important; } #_form_3_ ._x89303443 ._form-title { text-align:center; } #_form_3_ ._submit,#_form_3_ ._button-wrapper { width: auto !important; margin:10px auto 0 auto !important; } #_form_3_submit { display: block; } #_form_3_submit:hover { background: #B77610 !important; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/intl-tel-input@17.0.18/build/css/intlTelInput.min.css" /> <form method="POST" action="https://ancient-origins.activehosted.com/proc.php" id="_form_3_" class="_form _form_3 _inline-form _dark" novalidate> <input type="hidden" name="u" value="3" /> <input type="hidden" name="f" value="3" /> <input type="hidden" name="s" /> <input type="hidden" name="c" value="0" /> <input type="hidden" name="m" value="0" /> <input type="hidden" name="act" value="sub" /> <input type="hidden" name="v" value="2" /> <input type="hidden" name="or" value="4c50c8a9f5ad498ec308374897a9e008" /> <div class="_form-content"> <div class="_form_element _x89303443 _full_width _clear" > <div class="_form-title"> <img data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/images/ao-ac-free-ebooks-sidebar-subscription.png" width="270" height="70" style="width: 100%; height: auto;" /> </div> </div> <div class="_form_element _x61249010 _full_width " > <label for="email" class="_form-label"> </label> <div class="_field-wrapper"> <input type="text" id="email" name="email" placeholder="Email" data-field-type="aoac_email" required/> </div> </div> <div class="_form_element _x67783941 _full_width " > <label for="fullname" class="_form-label"> </label> <div class="_field-wrapper"> <input type="text" id="fullname" name="fullname" placeholder="Name" data-field-type="aoac_name" required/> </div> </div> <div class="_form_element _x68947691 _full_width " > <fieldset class="_form-fieldset"> <div class="_row"> <legend for="field[3][]" class="_form-label"> </legend> </div> <input data-autofill="false" type="hidden" id="field[3][]" name="field[3][]" value="~|"> <div class="_row _checkbox-radio"> <input id="field_3I approve receiving emails" type="checkbox" name="field[3][]" value="I approve receiving emails" style="float:left;" required> <span> <label for="field_3I approve receiving emails" style="display:inline-block"> I agree to receiving emails </label> <a style="display:inline-block; cursor: pointer; color: #ff9c00;" href="javascript:;" onclick="jQuery('#ac-read-terms').slideToggle();" rel="ugc nofollow"> Read terms </a> </span> </div> <div class="_row _checkbox-radio" id="ac-read-terms" style="display: none;"> <span> <label style="font-size: 11px;"> By subscribing to Ancient-Orgins.net, you agree to receive email communications from us, as well as the Third Party services we use to manage our email campaigns, including Activecampaign, Substack, and Jeeng </label> </span> </div> </fieldset> </div> <div class="_form_element _x75523235 _full_width "> <div class="g-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LcwIw8TAAAAACP1ysM08EhCgzd6q5JAOUR1a0Go" data-size="compact"> </div> </div> <div class="_form_element _x22790179 _full_width " style="display:none;"> <label for="field[44]" class="_form-label"> State_ID </label> <div class="_field-wrapper"> <select name="field[44]" id="field[44]" > <option> </option> <option value="NotActive" > NotActive </option> <option value="Active" selected="selected"> Active </option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="_button-wrapper _full_width" style="text-align: center;"> <button id="_form_3_submit" class="_submit" type="submit"> Sign up to download 4 FREE eBOOKS </button> </div> <div class="_clear-element"> </div> </div> <div class="_form-thank-you" style="display:none;"> </div> <div class="_form-branding" style="display:none;"> <div class="_marketing-by"> Marketing by </div> <a href="https://www.activecampaign.com/?utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=acforms" class="_logo" rel="ugc nofollow"> <span class="form-sr-only"> ActiveCampaign </span> </a> </div> </form><script type="lazyload_ext"> window.cfields = {"3":"i_approve_receiving_emails","44":"stateid"}; window._show_thank_you = function(id, message, trackcmp_url, email) { var form = document.getElementById('_form_' + id + '_'), thank_you = form.querySelector('._form-thank-you'); form.querySelector('._form-content').style.display = 'none'; thank_you.innerHTML = message; thank_you.style.display = 'block'; const vgoAlias = typeof visitorGlobalObjectAlias === 'undefined' ? 'vgo' : visitorGlobalObjectAlias; var visitorObject = window[vgoAlias]; if (email && typeof visitorObject !== 'undefined') { visitorObject('setEmail', email); visitorObject('update'); } else if (typeof(trackcmp_url) != 'undefined' && trackcmp_url) { // Site tracking URL to use after inline form submission. _load_script(trackcmp_url); } if (typeof window._form_callback !== 'undefined') window._form_callback(id); }; window._show_error = function(id, message, html) { var form = document.getElementById('_form_' + id + '_'), err = document.createElement('div'), button = form.querySelector('button'), old_error = form.querySelector('._form_error'); if (old_error) old_error.parentNode.removeChild(old_error); err.innerHTML = message; err.className = '_error-inner _form_error _no_arrow'; var wrapper = document.createElement('div'); wrapper.className = '_form-inner'; wrapper.appendChild(err); button.parentNode.insertBefore(wrapper, button); document.querySelector('[id^="_form"][id$="_submit"]').disabled = false; if (html) { var div = document.createElement('div'); div.className = '_error-html'; div.innerHTML = html; err.appendChild(div); } }; window._load_script = function(url, callback) { var win_width = window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth || document.body.clientWidth; if( win_width <= 767 ){ return; } var head = document.querySelector('head'), script = document.createElement('script'), r = false; script.type = 'text/javascript'; script.charset = 'utf-8'; script.src = url; if (callback) { script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = function() { if (!r && (!this.readyState || this.readyState == 'complete')) { r = true; callback(); } }; } head.appendChild(script); }; (function() { if (window.location.search.search("excludeform") !== -1) return false; var getCookie = function(name) { var match = document.cookie.match(new RegExp('(^|; )' + name + '=([^;]+)')); return match ? match[2] : null; } var setCookie = function(name, value) { var now = new Date(); var time = now.getTime(); var expireTime = time + 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 365; now.setTime(expireTime); document.cookie = name + '=' + value + '; expires=' + now + ';path=/; Secure; SameSite=Lax;';// cannot be HttpOnly } var addEvent = function(element, event, func) { if (element.addEventListener) { element.addEventListener(event, func); } else { var oldFunc = element['on' + event]; element['on' + event] = function() { oldFunc.apply(this, arguments); func.apply(this, arguments); }; } } var _removed = false; var form_to_submit = document.getElementById('_form_3_'); var allInputs = form_to_submit.querySelectorAll('input, select, textarea'), tooltips = [], submitted = false; var getUrlParam = function(name) { var params = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); return params.get(name) || false; }; for (var i = 0; i < allInputs.length; i++) { var regexStr = "field\\[(\\d+)\\]"; var results = new RegExp(regexStr).exec(allInputs[i].name); if (results != undefined) { allInputs[i].dataset.name = window.cfields[results[1]]; } else { allInputs[i].dataset.name = allInputs[i].name; } var fieldVal = getUrlParam(allInputs[i].dataset.name); if (fieldVal) { if (allInputs[i].dataset.autofill === "false") { continue; } if (allInputs[i].type == "radio" || allInputs[i].type == "checkbox") { if (allInputs[i].value == fieldVal) { allInputs[i].checked = true; } } else { allInputs[i].value = fieldVal; } } } var remove_tooltips = function() { for (var i = 0; i < tooltips.length; i++) { tooltips[i].tip.parentNode.removeChild(tooltips[i].tip); } tooltips = []; }; var remove_tooltip = function(elem) { for (var i = 0; i < tooltips.length; i++) { if (tooltips[i].elem === elem) { tooltips[i].tip.parentNode.removeChild(tooltips[i].tip); tooltips.splice(i, 1); return; } } }; var create_tooltip = function(elem, text) { var tooltip = document.createElement('div'), arrow = document.createElement('div'), inner = document.createElement('div'), new_tooltip = {}; if (elem.type != 'radio' && elem.type != 'checkbox') { tooltip.className = '_error'; arrow.className = '_error-arrow'; inner.className = '_error-inner'; inner.innerHTML = text; tooltip.appendChild(arrow); tooltip.appendChild(inner); elem.parentNode.appendChild(tooltip); } else { tooltip.className = '_error-inner _no_arrow'; tooltip.innerHTML = text; elem.parentNode.insertBefore(tooltip, elem); new_tooltip.no_arrow = true; } new_tooltip.tip = tooltip; new_tooltip.elem = elem; tooltips.push(new_tooltip); return new_tooltip; }; var resize_tooltip = function(tooltip) { var rect = tooltip.elem.getBoundingClientRect(); var doc = document.documentElement, scrollPosition = rect.top - ((window.pageYOffset || doc.scrollTop) - (doc.clientTop || 0)); if (scrollPosition < 40) { tooltip.tip.className = tooltip.tip.className.replace(/ ?(_above|_below) ?/g, '') + ' _below'; } else { tooltip.tip.className = tooltip.tip.className.replace(/ ?(_above|_below) ?/g, '') + ' _above'; } }; var resize_tooltips = function() { if (_removed) return; for (var i = 0; i < tooltips.length; i++) { if (!tooltips[i].no_arrow) resize_tooltip(tooltips[i]); } }; var validate_field = function(elem, remove) { var tooltip = null, value = elem.value, no_error = true; remove ? remove_tooltip(elem) : false; if (elem.type != 'checkbox') elem.className = elem.className.replace(/ ?_has_error ?/g, ''); if (elem.getAttribute('required') !== null) { if (elem.type == 'radio' || (elem.type == 'checkbox' && /any/.test(elem.className))) { var elems = form_to_submit.elements[elem.name]; if (!(elems instanceof NodeList || elems instanceof HTMLCollection) || elems.length <= 1) { no_error = elem.checked; } else { no_error = false; for (var i = 0; i < elems.length; i++) { if (elems[i].checked) no_error = true; } } if (!no_error) { tooltip = create_tooltip(elem, "Please select an option."); } } else if (elem.type =='checkbox') { var elems = form_to_submit.elements[elem.name], found = false, err = []; no_error = true; for (var i = 0; i < elems.length; i++) { if (elems[i].getAttribute('required') === null) continue; if (!found && elems[i] !== elem) return true; found = true; elems[i].className = elems[i].className.replace(/ ?_has_error ?/g, ''); if (!elems[i].checked) { no_error = false; elems[i].className = elems[i].className + ' _has_error'; err.push("Checking %s is required".replace("%s", elems[i].value)); } } if (!no_error) { tooltip = create_tooltip(elem, err.join('<br/>')); } } else if (elem.tagName == 'SELECT') { var selected = true; if (elem.multiple) { selected = false; for (var i = 0; i < elem.options.length; i++) { if (elem.options[i].selected) { selected = true; break; } } } else { for (var i = 0; i < elem.options.length; i++) { if (elem.options[i].selected && (!elem.options[i].value || (elem.options[i].value.match(/\n/g)))) { selected = false; } } } if (!selected) { elem.className = elem.className + ' _has_error'; no_error = false; tooltip = create_tooltip(elem, "Please select an option."); } } else if (value === undefined || value === null || value === '') { elem.className = elem.className + ' _has_error'; no_error = false; tooltip = create_tooltip(elem, "This field is required."); } } if (no_error && (elem.id == 'field[]' || elem.id == 'ca[11][v]')) { if (elem.className.includes('phone-input-error')) { elem.className = elem.className + ' _has_error'; no_error = false; } } if (no_error && elem.name == 'email') { if (!value.match(/^[\+_a-z0-9-'&=]+(\.[\+_a-z0-9-']+)*@[a-z0-9-]+(\.[a-z0-9-]+)*(\.[a-z]{2,})$/i)) { elem.className = elem.className + ' _has_error'; no_error = false; tooltip = create_tooltip(elem, "Enter a valid email address."); } } if (no_error && /date_field/.test(elem.className)) { if (!value.match(/^\d\d\d\d-\d\d-\d\d$/)) { elem.className = elem.className + ' _has_error'; no_error = false; tooltip = create_tooltip(elem, "Enter a valid date."); } } tooltip ? resize_tooltip(tooltip) : false; return no_error; }; var needs_validate = function(el) { if(el.getAttribute('required') !== null){ return true } if(el.name === 'email' && el.value !== ""){ return true } if((el.id == 'field[]' || el.id == 'ca[11][v]') && el.className.includes('phone-input-error')){ return true } return false }; var validate_form = function(e) { var err = form_to_submit.querySelector('._form_error'), no_error = true; if (!submitted) { submitted = true; for (var i = 0, len = allInputs.length; i < len; i++) { var input = allInputs[i]; if (needs_validate(input)) { if (input.type == 'tel') { addEvent(input, 'blur', function() { this.value = this.value.trim(); validate_field(this, true); }); } if (input.type == 'text' || input.type == 'number' || input.type == 'time') { addEvent(input, 'blur', function() { this.value = this.value.trim(); validate_field(this, true); }); addEvent(input, 'input', function() { validate_field(this, true); }); } else if (input.type == 'radio' || input.type == 'checkbox') { (function(el) { var radios = form_to_submit.elements[el.name]; for (var i = 0; i < radios.length; i++) { addEvent(radios[i], 'click', function() { validate_field(el, true); }); } })(input); } else if (input.tagName == 'SELECT') { addEvent(input, 'change', function() { validate_field(this, true); }); } else if (input.type == 'textarea'){ addEvent(input, 'input', function() { validate_field(this, true); }); } } } } remove_tooltips(); for (var i = 0, len = allInputs.length; i < len; i++) { var elem = allInputs[i]; if (needs_validate(elem)) { if (elem.tagName.toLowerCase() !== "select") { elem.value = elem.value.trim(); } validate_field(elem) ? true : no_error = false; } } if (!no_error && e) { e.preventDefault(); } resize_tooltips(); return no_error; }; addEvent(window, 'resize', resize_tooltips); addEvent(window, 'scroll', resize_tooltips); var hidePhoneInputError = function(inputId) { var errorMessage = document.getElementById("error-msg-" + inputId); var input = document.getElementById(inputId); errorMessage.classList.remove("phone-error"); errorMessage.classList.add("phone-error-hidden"); input.classList.remove("phone-input-error"); }; var initializePhoneInput = function(input, defaultCountry) { return window.intlTelInput(input, { utilsScript: "https://unpkg.com/intl-tel-input@17.0.18/build/js/utils.js", autoHideDialCode: false, separateDialCode: true, initialCountry: defaultCountry, preferredCountries: [] }); } var setPhoneInputEventListeners = function(inputId, input, iti) { input.addEventListener('blur', function() { var errorMessage = document.getElementById("error-msg-" + inputId); if (input.value.trim()) { if (iti.isValidNumber()) { iti.setNumber(iti.getNumber()); if (errorMessage.classList.contains("phone-error")){ hidePhoneInputError(inputId); } } else { showPhoneInputError(inputId) } } else { if (errorMessage.classList.contains("phone-error")){ hidePhoneInputError(inputId); } } }); input.addEventListener("countrychange", function() { iti.setNumber(''); }); input.addEventListener("keydown", function(e) { var charCode = (e.which) ? e.which : e.keyCode; if (charCode > 31 && (charCode < 48 || charCode > 57) && charCode !== 8) { e.preventDefault(); } }); }; var showPhoneInputError = function(inputId) { var errorMessage = document.getElementById("error-msg-" + inputId); var input = document.getElementById(inputId); errorMessage.classList.add("phone-error"); errorMessage.classList.remove("phone-error-hidden"); input.classList.add("phone-input-error"); }; window['recaptcha_callback'] = function() { // Get all recaptchas in the DOM (there may be more than one form on the page). var recaptchas = document.getElementsByClassName("g-recaptcha"); for (var i in recaptchas) { // Set the recaptcha element ID, so the recaptcha can be applied to each element. var recaptcha_id = "recaptcha_" + i; recaptchas[i].id = recaptcha_id; var el = document.getElementById(recaptcha_id); if (el != null) { var sitekey = el.getAttribute("data-sitekey"); var stoken = el.getAttribute("data-stoken"); grecaptcha.render(recaptcha_id, {"sitekey":sitekey,"stoken":stoken}); } } }; _load_script("https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?onload=recaptcha_callback&render=explicit"); var _form_serialize = function(form){if(!form||form.nodeName!=="FORM"){return }var i,j,q=[];for(i=0;i<form.elements.length;i++){if(form.elements[i].name===""){continue}switch(form.elements[i].nodeName){case"INPUT":switch(form.elements[i].type){case"tel":q.push(form.elements[i].name+"="+encodeURIComponent(form.elements[i].previousSibling.querySelector('div.iti__selected-dial-code').innerText)+encodeURIComponent(" ")+encodeURIComponent(form.elements[i].value));break;case"text":case"number":case"date":case"time":case"hidden":case"password":case"button":case"reset":case"submit":q.push(form.elements[i].name+"="+encodeURIComponent(form.elements[i].value));break;case"checkbox":case"radio":if(form.elements[i].checked){q.push(form.elements[i].name+"="+encodeURIComponent(form.elements[i].value))}break;case"file":break}break;case"TEXTAREA":q.push(form.elements[i].name+"="+encodeURIComponent(form.elements[i].value));break;case"SELECT":switch(form.elements[i].type){case"select-one":q.push(form.elements[i].name+"="+encodeURIComponent(form.elements[i].value));break;case"select-multiple":for(j=0;j<form.elements[i].options.length;j++){if(form.elements[i].options[j].selected){q.push(form.elements[i].name+"="+encodeURIComponent(form.elements[i].options[j].value))}}break}break;case"BUTTON":switch(form.elements[i].type){case"reset":case"submit":case"button":q.push(form.elements[i].name+"="+encodeURIComponent(form.elements[i].value));break}break}}return q.join("&")}; var form_submit = function(e) { e.preventDefault(); if (validate_form()) { // use this trick to get the submit button & disable it using plain javascript document.querySelector('#_form_3_submit').disabled = true; var serialized = _form_serialize(document.getElementById('_form_3_')).replace(/%0A/g, '\\n'); var err = form_to_submit.querySelector('._form_error'); err ? err.parentNode.removeChild(err) : false; _load_script('https://ancient-origins.activehosted.com/proc.php?' + serialized + '&jsonp=true'); } return false; }; addEvent(form_to_submit, 'submit', form_submit); })(); </script> <script> /* <![CDATA[ */ function setAOACCookie2(cname, cvalue, exdays){ var d = new Date(); d.setTime( d.getTime() + ( exdays * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 ) ); var expires = "expires=" + d.toGMTString() + "; "; if( ! exdays ) expires = ""; document.cookie = cname + "=" + cvalue + "; " + expires + "path=/"; } var aoac_email = document.querySelector('input[data-field-type="aoac_email"]'); if( aoac_email ){ aoac_email.addEventListener("change", function(event){ setAOACCookie2("aoac_email", aoac_email.value, 0); }); } var aoac_name = document.querySelector('input[data-field-type="aoac_name"]'); if( aoac_name ){ aoac_name.addEventListener("change", function(event){ setAOACCookie2("aoac_name", aoac_name.value, 0); }); } /* ]]> */ </script> <style> .g-recaptcha div, .g-recaptcha iframe { max-width: 265px !important; margin: 0 auto; } </style> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-views-popular-block-1" class="block block-views"><div class="block-inner"> <h3 class="title"><span>Most Read Today</span></h3> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-popular view-id-popular view-display-id-block_1 view-dom-id-217c3cdabead596b58fff0f631c50260"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <span class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/otto-tribute-queen-edith-0021741" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Otto the Great’s Tribute to His Late English Queen Finally Makes Sense</span></a></span> </span></li> <li class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <span class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/thanksgiving-food-origins-0021742" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>How the Thanksgiving Food Favorites Won Their Place at the Table</span></a></span> </span></li> <li class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <span class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/bronze-age-sword-denmark-0021738" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Bronze Age Sword Found in Danish Bog Leads to Hoard</span></a></span> </span></li> <li class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <span class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/weird-facts/xerxes-bridge-0016747" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Persian King Xerxes Ordered the Sea to be Whipped as Punishment</span></a></span> </span></li> <li class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd"> <span class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/oldest-firearm-us-0021737" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Oldest US Firearm Found in Arizona and Tied to Coronado Expedition</span></a></span> </span></li> <li class="views-row views-row-6 views-row-even views-row-last"> <span class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/unveiling-ancient-treasures-epic-iraq-tour-oct-2024-0018884" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Unveiling Ancient Treasures: Epic Iraq Tour - Oct 2024</span></a></span> </span></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-block-97" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <script src="https://trinitymedia.ai/player/pulse-js/2900018110/?playlist=https%3A%2F%2Fdelivery.trinityaudio.ai%2Fv1%2Fplaylist%2F0xcpwf64%2Frss&language=en" defer="defer" ></script> <div class="trinity-pulse-pb" style="font:10px/18px Verdana,Arial;display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;margin-right:5px"> <strong style="font-weight:400;margin: 0 3px 0 0">Powered by</strong><a href="https://trinityaudio.ai" style="color:#4b4a4a;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700" rel="ugc nofollow">trinityaudio.ai</a> </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-block-76" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div data-aaad='true' data-aa-adunit='/339474670/Ancient_Origins.net/ArticlePageRightMiddleBottomExtraAbove300x250' id='ad-unit-right-middle-300-250'></div> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-block-57" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content">  <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://ancientoriginsmagazine.com/" rel="follow"><img alt="" class="media-image" height="400" width="300" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/AOMAgJulAug24-300_0.jpg" /></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://bit.ly/4b8N6s8" rel="ugc nofollow"><img alt="Ancient Origins Magazine" class="media-image" height="399" style="width: 300px; height: 399px;" width="300" typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/HMImage.jpg" /></a></p><p> </p> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-block-77" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div data-aaad='true' data-aa-adunit='/339474670/Ancient_Origins.net/Article_Pages_Right_Bottom_160x600' id='ad-unit-right-bottom-160-600'></div> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-block-87" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div style="overflow: hidden; text-align: center; background-color: #f8f8f8; padding:5px 0px;"><a href="https://members.ancient-origins.net/ancient-origins-premium-membership-sales">Sign Up</a> for<span style="font-weight: bold; color: #b52600;"> Premium</span><br /><span style="color:#b52600;">Ads-FREE </span>Content</div><p> </p> <div id="ao-sidebar-outbrain"> <div class="OUTBRAIN" data-src="DROP_PERMALINK_HERE" data-widget-id="SB_1"></div> <script async="async" data-src="//widgets.outbrain.com/outbrain.js" type="lazyload_ext" ></script> </div> <p> </p> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-quicktabs-quicktabs" class="block block-quicktabs"><div class="block-inner"> <h3 class="title"><span>Viral Articles</span></h3> <div class="content"> <div id="quicktabs-quicktabs" class="quicktabs-wrapper quicktabs-style-nostyle"><div class="item-list"><ul class="quicktabs-tabs quicktabs-style-nostyle"><li class="active first"><a href="/history-famous-people/diocletian-0010984?qt-quicktabs=0#qt-quicktabs" id="quicktabs-tab-quicktabs-0" class="quicktabs-tab quicktabs-tab-block quicktabs-tab-block-views-delta-life-top-stories-block active" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Legends</span></a></li> <li><a href="/history-famous-people/diocletian-0010984?qt-quicktabs=1#qt-quicktabs" id="quicktabs-tab-quicktabs-1" class="quicktabs-tab quicktabs-tab-block quicktabs-tab-block-views-delta-arts-top-stories-block active" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Technology</span></a></li> <li class="last"><a href="/history-famous-people/diocletian-0010984?qt-quicktabs=2#qt-quicktabs" id="quicktabs-tab-quicktabs-2" class="quicktabs-tab quicktabs-tab-block quicktabs-tab-block-views-delta-technology-top-stories-block active" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Ancient Places</span></a></li> </ul></div><div id="quicktabs-container-quicktabs" class="quicktabs_main quicktabs-style-nostyle"><div id="quicktabs-tabpage-quicktabs-0" class="quicktabs-tabpage "><div id="block-views-life-top-stories-block" class="block block-views"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-life-top-stories view-id-life_top_stories view-display-id-block view-dom-id-f5d3abc828cf7aed7a19da6602f56610"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="/myths-legends-africa/sacred-and-magical-sistrum-ancient-egypt-002004" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/field/image/Hathor%20.jpg?itok=Hx9h3dlX" width="270" height="120" alt="Hathor with sistrum " /></span></a></div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/myths-legends-africa/sacred-and-magical-sistrum-ancient-egypt-002004" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Rattling the Divine: The Mystical Role of the Sistrum</span></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">The sistrum was one of the most sacred musical instruments in ancient Egypt and was believed to hold powerful magical properties. It was used in the worship of the goddess Hathor, mythological...</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="attachment attachment-after"> <div class="view view-life-top-stories view-id-life_top_stories view-display-id-attachment_1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/egyptian-petroglyph-capricornus-0021711" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Zodiac Symbol of Goat-Fish Found in 2,200-Year-Old Egyptian Rock Art </span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/hallucinogens-egypt-0021699" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Professor Finds First Physical Evidence Egyptians Drank Hallucinogenic Cocktails</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/human-origins-folklore-myths-legends/forgotten-giants-were-there-really-giants-ancient-times-0021713" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Forgotten Giants: Were There Really Giants in Ancient Times?</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/ancient-places-asia/mysteries-kingdom-shambhala-001529" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>What is Shambhala? Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/myths-legends-americas/hopi-prophecy-and-end-fourth-world-part-1-002280" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Hopi Prophecy and the End of the Fourth World - Part 1</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div><div id="quicktabs-tabpage-quicktabs-1" class="quicktabs-tabpage quicktabs-hide"><div id="block-views-arts-top-stories-block" class="block block-views"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-arts-top-stories view-id-arts_top_stories view-display-id-block view-dom-id-9fc6c701d5bebded322fe27215543fea"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/bronze-age-sword-denmark-0021738" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/field/image/Sword.jpg?itok=wslPg27N" width="270" height="120" alt="The ritually bend sword found at Værebro Ådal, Veksø, Denmark." /></span></a></div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/bronze-age-sword-denmark-0021738" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Bronze Age Sword Found in Danish Bog Leads to Hoard</span></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">A Bronze Age sword, ritually bent before being deposited as an offering, has been unearthed in Værebro Ådal by a metal detectorist on his first outing. Described as “a very rare find”, an entire...</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="attachment attachment-after"> <div class="view view-arts-top-stories view-id-arts_top_stories view-display-id-attachment_1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/oldest-firearm-us-0021737" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Oldest US Firearm Found in Arizona and Tied to Coronado Expedition</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology-guest-authors-premium/history-fuzz-episode-00-0021343" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Podcast: History Fuzz: Episode 00: Ashley Cowie. Introduction. Delineating the Show Themes, Structure, and Schedule</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/focaccia-bread-origins-0021733" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Focaccia Didn’t Originate in Rome, but in Mesopotamia 9,000 years ago!</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/artifacts-ancient-technology/viking-sword-0016906" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>What’s a Viking Sword? What’s not? The Distinctions of Norse Weaponry</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/artifacts-ancient-technology/norimitsu-odachi-who-could-have-possibly-wielded-enormous-15th-century-021428" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Norimitsu Odachi: Who Could Have Possibly Wielded This Enormous 15th Century Japanese Sword?</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div><div id="quicktabs-tabpage-quicktabs-2" class="quicktabs-tabpage quicktabs-hide"><div id="block-views-technology-top-stories-block" class="block block-views"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-technology-top-stories view-id-technology_top_stories view-display-id-block view-dom-id-f6a1af7aeada6fc0b2449bd1d1bf9975"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/explorers-found-ancient-lost-city-monkey-god-almost-lose-their-faces-flesh-021179" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/field/image/Ancient-Lost-City-of-the-Monkey-God.jpg?itok=vZec5nRF" width="270" height="120" alt="Explorers That Found Ancient Lost City of the Monkey God Almost Lose Their Faces to Flesh-Eating Parasite" /></span></a></div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/explorers-found-ancient-lost-city-monkey-god-almost-lose-their-faces-flesh-021179" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Explorers of Lost City of the Monkey God Nearly Lose Faces to Parasite</span></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">The group of explorers that discovered the remains of an ancient city in the jungle of Honduras while hunting for the legendary lost city of La Ciudad Blanca (‘White City’), otherwise known as City of the Monkey God.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="attachment attachment-after"> <div class="view view-technology-top-stories view-id-technology_top_stories view-display-id-attachment_1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/artifacts-other-artifacts-news-history-archaeology-ancient-places-americas/aztec-whistle-0021706" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Aztec Death Whistle Will Mess Up Your Mind, Study Reveals</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-famous-people-premium/olympias-adea-eurydice-0021696" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>“The First War Between Women”: Olympias and Adea Eurydice</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/egyptian-petroglyph-capricornus-0021711" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Zodiac Symbol of Goat-Fish Found in 2,200-Year-Old Egyptian Rock Art </span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/ancient-places-americas/talgua-cave-cave-glowing-skulls-006013" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Unveiling Talgua Cave: The Glowing Skulls of Honduras' Past</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/artifacts-ancient-writings-news-history-archaeology-ancient-places-asia/arslan-kaya-inscription" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Arslan Kaya’s Lost Inscription Links to Materan, the Great Mother Goddess</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div></div></div> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-block-79" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div id="sticky-add-side-block"> <div data-aaad='true' data-aa-adunit='/339474670/Ancient_Origins.net/ArticlePageBottomRightResponsive_2' id='ad-unit-right-sticky-300-600'></div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </aside> </div> </section> </div></div> </main> <footer> <div id="footer-section"> <div id="footer-section-top" class="footer-top clearfix"><div class="footer-top-inner"><div class="footer-top-inner-inner"> <section id="footer-top"> <div> <div class="region region-footer-top"> <div id="block-block-67" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content">  <p style="text-align: center;"><em><span style="font-size:20px; color:#6e6e6e">Ancient Origins has been quoted by:</span></em></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Ancient Origins Quotations" class="media-image" style="width: 900px; height: 172px; margin: 0 auto;" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/companies_logos_sept2018_quoted_by.jpg" width="900" height="172" /></p> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </section> </div></div></div> <div class="preface-wrapper clearfix"><div class="preface-wrapper-inner"><div class="preface-wrapper-inner-inner"> <section id="preface_prefix"> <div class="grid_4"> <div class="region region-preface-prefix-1"> <div id="block-views-31999addb7622efd1b1245484f207c74" class="block block-views"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-greek-mythology-top-stories view-id-greek_mythology_top_stories view-display-id-block view-dom-id-b84ed594de5493db0d801cfa06b3cc36"> <div class="view-header"> <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/greek-mythology"><h3 class="title"><span>Greek Mythology</span></h3></a> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/greek-mythology"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/Famous-People.jpg?itok=C94AY6jz" width="270" height="120" alt="Greek Mythology"></span></a></div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/greek-mythology"><span>Greek Mythology<br/><br/></span></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings.</div> </div> </div> </div> <style>.view-greek-mythology-top-stories.view-display-id-block > .view-content { display: none; }</style> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="/news-myths-legends-premium/atalanta-myth-0021598" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/field/image/atalanta-significance-preview.jpg?itok=clkNj1xL" width="270" height="120" alt="Hippomenes and Atalanta by Guido Reni ca. 1618-1619." /></span></a></div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-myths-legends-premium/atalanta-myth-0021598" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Wild and Free: The Empowering Myth of Atalanta and its Significance </span></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">Upon the verdant slopes of Mount Parthenium, among the thicket of dense wood and secluded caves, a fragile infant lay abandoned. Her Arcadian father, Iasus, desperately wanted sons but was gifted a...</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="attachment attachment-after"> <div class="view view-greek-mythology-top-stories view-id-greek_mythology_top_stories view-display-id-attachment_1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-myths-legends-premium/atalanta-myth-0021598" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Wild and Free: The Empowering Myth of Atalanta and its Significance </span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-videos/femme-fatale-0021527" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Femme Fatales - Goddesses of Love, Beauty & Passion</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-videos/demeter-persephone-myth-0021515" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>The Power of Demeter: a Mother’s Stand Against Zeus (Video)</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-famous-people/orpheus-0021509" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Orpheus - Beyond the Mythological Veil</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/kaos-prophecy-0021489" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Historian Explains the Real Oracles that Inspired the Show Kaos</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="grid_4"> <div class="region region-preface-prefix-2"> <div id="block-views-famous-people-top-stories-block" class="block block-views"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-famous-people-top-stories view-id-famous_people_top_stories view-display-id-block view-dom-id-4799387786f422f1163272d1d26c4a1f"> <div class="view-header"> <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/famous-people"><h3 class="title"><span>Famous People</span></h3></a> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/otto-tribute-queen-edith-0021741" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/field/image/Otto.jpg?itok=WiXYApfv" width="270" height="120" alt="Tribute document of King Otto I of Germany" /></span></a></div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/otto-tribute-queen-edith-0021741" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Otto the Great’s Tribute to His Late English Queen Finally Makes Sense</span></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">A historical document composed by King Otto I, better known as Otto the Great, to his English queen has been re-examined and re-dated by a medieval historian from the University of Exeter in the UK...</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="attachment attachment-after"> <div class="view view-famous-people-top-stories view-id-famous_people_top_stories view-display-id-attachment_1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-premium/ptolemies-family-murder-0021729" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Murder in the Family: The Ptolemies</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/caracalla-and-geta-gladiator-II-0021720" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Who were Caracalla and Geta, the Unhinged Roman Brother Emperors Depicted in Gladiator II?</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-general/gladiator-ii-film-0021714" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Gladiator II: Historians on the Fate of the Real Roman Royalty Featured in the Film</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/history-famous-people/pythagoras-one-greatest-minds-his-time-007169" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Pythagoras: One of the Greatest Minds of His Time </span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-famous-people-premium/olympias-adea-eurydice-0021696" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>“The First War Between Women”: Olympias and Adea Eurydice</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="grid_4"> <div class="region region-preface-prefix-3"> <div id="block-views-8cd994e86b706e92b0e507c263666bb3" class="block block-views"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-unexplained-phenomena-top-stories view-id-unexplained_phenomena_top_stories view-display-id-block view-dom-id-e98b7c9383469a6d464c543c58ddb2cb"> <div class="view-header"> <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/unexplained-phenomena"><h3 class="title"><span>Unexplained Phenomena</span></h3></a> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="/news-science-space/star-systems-spaceships-0021731" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/field/image/Star_0.jpg?itok=sWEh26mr" width="270" height="120" alt="Illustration of binary pair of giant starts, accompanied by multiple planets. " /></span></a></div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-science-space/star-systems-spaceships-0021731" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Researcher Says Aliens May Be Using Star Systems as Spaceships</span></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">Astronomers have observed stars that are accelerating through space at a shockingly rapid pace. Normally this is assumed to relate to gravitational forces in some way, or to the natural emissions of...</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="attachment attachment-after"> <div class="view view-unexplained-phenomena-top-stories view-id-unexplained_phenomena_top_stories view-display-id-attachment_1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-mysterious-phenomena/uap-congressional-hearing-transparency-0021691" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>U.S. Experts Testify Before Congress on Secret UFO Programs</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/unexplained-phenomena/ancient-alien-theories-0021603" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Unexplained Mysteries: Ancient Alien Theories Debunked or Proven?</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/unexplained-phenomena/mystery-stonehenge-ancient-petroglyphs-and-crop-circles-00419" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>The Mystery of Stonehenge, Ancient Petroglyphs and Crop Circles</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology-guest-authors-premium/history-fuzz-episode-03-0021467" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Podcast: History Fuzz: Episode 03: Professor Charles Stanish. Peru Pt 1. Chincha and Nazca Valley geoglyphs</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-science-space/mariana-trench-sounds-0021458" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>10-year Mystery of ‘Alien’ Sounds from Deepest Ocean Trench Solved</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="grid_4"> <div class="region region-preface-prefix-4"> <div id="block-views-accdd6fd99d9671db312ae7f70ed5190" class="block block-views"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-important-events-top-stories view-id-important_events_top_stories view-display-id-block view-dom-id-e07c34a9879da1bb0707da87c07138f8"> <div class="view-header"> <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/important-events"><h3 class="title"><span>Important Events</span></h3></a> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-premium/wendish-crusade-0021736" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/field/image/wendish-crusade-preview.jpg?itok=uiYev6QQ" width="270" height="120" alt="AI image of Slavic male warriors in chain mail." /></span></a></div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-premium/wendish-crusade-0021736" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>The Wendish Crusade: Holy War or Political Ambition in the Baltic Frontier?</span></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">For centuries, the Polabian Slavs lived in their ancestral homeland around the Elbe River, in what is today Germany. Following their age-old traditional lifestyle, they excelled as largely peaceful...</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="attachment attachment-after"> <div class="view view-important-events-top-stories view-id-important_events_top_stories view-display-id-attachment_1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/fall-eastern-rome-0021718" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Study Concludes Fall of Eastern Rome is Falsely Linked to Climate and Plague</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-general/gladiator-ii-film-0021714" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Gladiator II: Historians on the Fate of the Real Roman Royalty Featured in the Film</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/history-important-events/st-brice-s-day-massacre-0021694" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Slaughter of Dane Vikings Ordered in St. Brice’s Day Massacre, Nov 13, 1002</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-evolution-human-origins/steppe-pastoralists-0021658" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Into the Great Wide Open: The Evolution of Steppe Pastoralist Societies</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/history/guy-fawkes-and-gunpowder-plot-obliterate-british-house-lords-002806" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Guy Fawkes and the Gunpowder Plot to Obliterate the British House of Lords</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </section> </div></div></div> <div class="preface-wrapper clearfix"><div class="preface-wrapper-inner"><div class="preface-wrapper-inner-inner"> <section id="preface"> <div class="grid_4"> <div class="region region-preface-1"> <div id="block-views-top-news-stories-block" class="block block-views"><div class="block-inner"> <h3 class="title"><span>Top New Stories</span></h3> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-top-news-stories view-id-top_news_stories view-display-id-block view-dom-id-8a1bfa8a574e2c33fb4c24a985aa3911"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/thanksgiving-food-origins-0021742" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/field/image/Thanksgiving.jpeg?itok=MY53LAa7" width="270" height="120" alt="Traditional American Thanksgiving meal" /></span></a></div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/thanksgiving-food-origins-0021742" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>How the Thanksgiving Food Favorites Won Their Place at the Table</span></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">Thanksgiving, celebrated annually in the United States, is a time-honored tradition marked by a feast that brings together family and friends. It is in essence a harvest festival, to give thanks for...</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="attachment attachment-after"> <div class="view view-top-news-stories view-id-top_news_stories view-display-id-attachment_1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/otto-tribute-queen-edith-0021741" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Otto the Great’s Tribute to His Late English Queen Finally Makes Sense</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/ancient-places-americas-history-ancient-traditions/thanksgiving-history-0021739" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Thanksgiving Evolved From Fasting and Prayer to Feasting and Mourning</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/bronze-age-sword-denmark-0021738" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Bronze Age Sword Found in Danish Bog Leads to Hoard</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/oldest-firearm-us-0021737" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Oldest US Firearm Found in Arizona and Tied to Coronado Expedition</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-premium/wendish-crusade-0021736" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>The Wendish Crusade: Holy War or Political Ambition in the Baltic Frontier?</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-views-life-top-stories-block--2" class="block block-views"><div class="block-inner"> <h3 class="title"><span>Myths & Legends</span></h3> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-life-top-stories view-id-life_top_stories view-display-id-block view-dom-id-13043ed5957a209fa194670702c18338"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="/myths-legends-africa/sacred-and-magical-sistrum-ancient-egypt-002004" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/field/image/Hathor%20.jpg?itok=Hx9h3dlX" width="270" height="120" alt="Hathor with sistrum " /></span></a></div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/myths-legends-africa/sacred-and-magical-sistrum-ancient-egypt-002004" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Rattling the Divine: The Mystical Role of the Sistrum</span></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">The sistrum was one of the most sacred musical instruments in ancient Egypt and was believed to hold powerful magical properties. It was used in the worship of the goddess Hathor, mythological...</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="attachment attachment-after"> <div class="view view-life-top-stories view-id-life_top_stories view-display-id-attachment_1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/egyptian-petroglyph-capricornus-0021711" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Zodiac Symbol of Goat-Fish Found in 2,200-Year-Old Egyptian Rock Art </span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/hallucinogens-egypt-0021699" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Professor Finds First Physical Evidence Egyptians Drank Hallucinogenic Cocktails</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/human-origins-folklore-myths-legends/forgotten-giants-were-there-really-giants-ancient-times-0021713" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Forgotten Giants: Were There Really Giants in Ancient Times?</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/ancient-places-asia/mysteries-kingdom-shambhala-001529" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>What is Shambhala? Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/history-famous-people/thuggees-002145" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Thuggees – The Cult Assassins of India</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="grid_4"> <div class="region region-preface-2"> <div id="block-views-business-top-stories-block" class="block block-views"><div class="block-inner"> <h3 class="title"><span>Human Origins</span></h3> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-business-top-stories view-id-business_top_stories view-display-id-block view-dom-id-f6f1f43c957e5436542ec851aba9d6cb"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="/human-origins-folklore-myths-legends/forgotten-giants-were-there-really-giants-ancient-times-0021713" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/field/image/Titans%20giants%20top.jpg?itok=1w2AM6cn" width="270" height="120" alt="Ai generated image of a Titan or giant hurling a boulder." /></span></a></div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/human-origins-folklore-myths-legends/forgotten-giants-were-there-really-giants-ancient-times-0021713" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Forgotten Giants: Were There Really Giants in Ancient Times?</span></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">One of the most enduring myths of humankind is that pertaining to giants. In almost every major civilization and culture in the world, there are tales of ancient giants, enormous and powerful,...</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="attachment attachment-after"> <div class="view view-business-top-stories view-id-business_top_stories view-display-id-attachment_1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-premium/wendish-crusade-0021736" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>The Wendish Crusade: Holy War or Political Ambition in the Baltic Frontier?</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/human-origins-science/rh-negative-blood-exotic-bloodline-or-random-mutation-008831" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Rh-Negative Blood: An Exotic Bloodline or Random Mutation?</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology-guest-authors-premium/history-fuzz-episode-02-0021392" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Podcast: History Fuzz: Episode 02: Professor Stephen Lekson. Chaco Pt 1. America's most controversial meridian</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/unexplained-phenomena/ancient-alien-theories-0021603" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Unexplained Mysteries: Ancient Alien Theories Debunked or Proven?</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/human-origins-folklore/sumerian-texts-0065" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>The Origins of Human Beings According to Ancient Sumerian Texts</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-views-arts-top-stories-block--2" class="block block-views"><div class="block-inner"> <h3 class="title"><span>Ancient Technology</span></h3> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-arts-top-stories view-id-arts_top_stories view-display-id-block view-dom-id-91f13af77c88a8da5deb7eeed9656214"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/bronze-age-sword-denmark-0021738" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/field/image/Sword.jpg?itok=wslPg27N" width="270" height="120" alt="The ritually bend sword found at Værebro Ådal, Veksø, Denmark." /></span></a></div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/bronze-age-sword-denmark-0021738" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Bronze Age Sword Found in Danish Bog Leads to Hoard</span></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">A Bronze Age sword, ritually bent before being deposited as an offering, has been unearthed in Værebro Ådal by a metal detectorist on his first outing. Described as “a very rare find”, an entire...</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="attachment attachment-after"> <div class="view view-arts-top-stories view-id-arts_top_stories view-display-id-attachment_1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/oldest-firearm-us-0021737" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Oldest US Firearm Found in Arizona and Tied to Coronado Expedition</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/focaccia-bread-origins-0021733" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Focaccia Didn’t Originate in Rome, but in Mesopotamia 9,000 years ago!</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology-guest-authors-premium/history-fuzz-episode-00-0021343" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Podcast: History Fuzz: Episode 00: Ashley Cowie. Introduction. Delineating the Show Themes, Structure, and Schedule</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/artifacts-ancient-technology/viking-sword-0016906" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>What’s a Viking Sword? What’s not? The Distinctions of Norse Weaponry</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-evolution-human-origins/neanderthal-tar-production-0021723" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>65,000-year-old Neanderthal Glue Factory Discovered in Gibraltar</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="grid_4"> <div class="region region-preface-3"> <div id="block-views-technology-top-stories-block--2" class="block block-views"><div class="block-inner"> <h3 class="title"><span>Ancient Places</span></h3> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-technology-top-stories view-id-technology_top_stories view-display-id-block view-dom-id-09df09b4911ce2c0bf565dae268d9048"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/explorers-found-ancient-lost-city-monkey-god-almost-lose-their-faces-flesh-021179" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/field/image/Ancient-Lost-City-of-the-Monkey-God.jpg?itok=vZec5nRF" width="270" height="120" alt="Explorers That Found Ancient Lost City of the Monkey God Almost Lose Their Faces to Flesh-Eating Parasite" /></span></a></div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/explorers-found-ancient-lost-city-monkey-god-almost-lose-their-faces-flesh-021179" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Explorers of Lost City of the Monkey God Nearly Lose Faces to Parasite</span></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">The group of explorers that discovered the remains of an ancient city in the jungle of Honduras while hunting for the legendary lost city of La Ciudad Blanca (‘White City’), otherwise known as City of the Monkey God.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="attachment attachment-after"> <div class="view view-technology-top-stories view-id-technology_top_stories view-display-id-attachment_1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/artifacts-other-artifacts-news-history-archaeology-ancient-places-americas/aztec-whistle-0021706" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Aztec Death Whistle Will Mess Up Your Mind, Study Reveals</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-famous-people-premium/olympias-adea-eurydice-0021696" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>“The First War Between Women”: Olympias and Adea Eurydice</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology/egyptian-petroglyph-capricornus-0021711" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Zodiac Symbol of Goat-Fish Found in 2,200-Year-Old Egyptian Rock Art </span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/ancient-places-americas/talgua-cave-cave-glowing-skulls-006013" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Unveiling Talgua Cave: The Glowing Skulls of Honduras' Past</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/artifacts-ancient-writings-news-history-archaeology-ancient-places-asia/arslan-kaya-inscription" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Arslan Kaya’s Lost Inscription Links to Materan, the Great Mother Goddess</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="block-views-opinion-top-stories-block" class="block block-views"><div class="block-inner"> <h3 class="title"><span>Opinion</span></h3> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-opinion-top-stories view-id-opinion_top_stories view-display-id-block view-dom-id-d27bf3c8633361e87ae72451d3d1857c"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="/news-evolution-human-origins/history-drug-use-006051" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/field/image/cannabis_0.jpg?itok=XqH4hXMU" width="270" height="120" alt="AI image of cannabis " /></span></a></div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-evolution-human-origins/history-drug-use-006051" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>The History of Drug Use: Ancient Remedies </span></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">The battle against drugs and drug usage rages on today and for good reason. However, with the near constant limelight that the ‘drug war’ receives today, it can seem like the most common drugs have...</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="attachment attachment-after"> <div class="view view-opinion-top-stories view-id-opinion_top_stories view-display-id-attachment_1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology-guest-authors-premium/history-fuzz-episode-03-0021467" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Podcast: History Fuzz: Episode 03: Professor Charles Stanish. Peru Pt 1. Chincha and Nazca Valley geoglyphs</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology-guest-authors-premium/history-fuzz-episode-02-0021392" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Podcast: History Fuzz: Episode 02: Professor Stephen Lekson. Chaco Pt 1. America's most controversial meridian</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-general-guest-authors-preview/forensic-facial-reconstruction-0021359" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Cícero Moraes: Insights into the Fascinating World of Forensic Facial Reconstruction </span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology-guest-authors-premium/history-fuzz-episode-01-0021349" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Podcast: History Fuzz: Episode 01: Professor Giulio Magli. Intentionality vs Chance in Archaeoastronomy</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/news-history-archaeology-guest-authors-premium/history-fuzz-episode-00-0021343" rel="ugc nofollow"><span>Podcast: History Fuzz: Episode 00: Ashley Cowie. Introduction. Delineating the Show Themes, Structure, and Schedule</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="grid_0"></div> </section> </div></div></div> <div class="postscript-wrapper clearfix"><div class="postscript-wrapper-inner"><div class="postscript-wrapper-inner-inner"> <section id="postscript"> <div class="grid_8"> <div class="region region-postscript-1"> <div id="block-block-1" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <h3 class="title"><span>Our Mission</span></h3> <div class="content">  <p>At Ancient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there exist countless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts that have yet to be discovered and explained.</p><p>The goal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe.</p><p>We’re the only Pop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives.</p><p>By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. </p> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="grid_4"> <div class="region region-postscript-2"> <div id="block-views-galleries-block-2" class="block block-views"><div class="block-inner"> <h3 class="title"><span>Ancient Image Galleries</span></h3> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-galleries view-id-galleries view-display-id-block_2 view-dom-id-859a8e87a66dc2476c0a72ccf67449de"> <div class="view-content"> <table class="views-view-grid cols-1"> <tbody> <tr class="row-1 row-first"> <td class="col-1 col-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-photogal"> <div class="field-content galleries-image"><a href="/lost-city-ciudad-perdida-005000" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/ciudad-perdida-29.jpg?itok=OWrOTGHP" width="270" height="120" alt="Ciudad Perdida (Photo by Ancient-Origins.net)" /></span></a></div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-2"> <td class="col-1 col-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-photogal"> <div class="field-content galleries-image"><a href="/stunning-golden-figures-colombia-004400" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/colombia-gold-museum--30.jpg?itok=UyCllvFj" width="270" height="120" alt="Funerary Mask - Museum of Gold, Bogota, Colombia" /></span></a></div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-3 row-last"> <td class="col-1 col-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-photogal"> <div class="field-content galleries-image"><a href="/legendary-tayos-caves-ecuador-004329" rel="ugc nofollow"><span><img typeof="foaf:Image" data-class="LazyLoad" src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.png" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/tayos-caves--3.jpg?itok=qwVIjBBt" width="270" height="120" alt="Tayos Caves unknown entrance" /></span></a></div> </div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="grid_4"></div> <div class="grid_0"></div> </section> </div></div></div>  <div class="footer-wrapper clearfix"><div class="footer-wrapper-inner"> <div id="footer" class="grid_12"> <div class="region region-footer"> <div id="block-block-2" class="block block-block"><div class="block-inner"> <div class="content"> <p>Ancient Origins © 2013 - 2023<br /><a href="/disclaimer" rel="ugc nofollow">Disclaimer</a> - <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/terms-publication">Terms of Publication</a> - <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/privacy-policy-002939">Privacy Policy & Cookies</a> - <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/advertising-policy-003028">Advertising Policy</a> - <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/article-submission-guidelines-0011003">Submissions </a> - <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/contact-us-00173">Contact us</a></p> </div> </div></div> </div> <span style="font-size: 0.8em;">A project of <a href="http://www.stellanovus.com/">Stella Novus</a></span> </div> <script type="lazyload"> jQuery(document).ready(function($){ $(window).scroll(function(){ var suggest = $('#block-views-suggested-block-1'); if( $('h1.title').length > 0 ){ var divt = $('h1.title').offset().top; var wscl = $(window).scrollTop(); if( wscl >= divt && !suggest.hasClass('transformed')){ suggest.css('transform','none').addClass('transformed'); } } }); $('#block-views-suggested-block-1 .close').click(function(){$('#block-views-suggested-block-1').hide();}); }); </script> </div></div> </div> </footer> </div></div></div> <style> #main-menu ul.menu li a.active { background: url(https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/all/themes/submerge/images/style5/active-arrow.png) bottom center no-repeat; }</style> <script type="lazyload"> jQuery(document).ready(function($){ if( $(window).width() < 700 ){ var win_w = $(window).width(); var hed_height = $('.header_inner_row').outerHeight(); $('body').css('padding-top', hed_height); $('nav#mobile-main-menu, nav#user-main-menu').css('top', hed_height); $('.header_inner_row').css('max-width', win_w); setTimeout(function(){ var admin_menu_wrapper = $('#admin-menu-wrapper').outerHeight(); $('.header_inner_row').css('top', admin_menu_wrapper); $('#page').css('padding-top', admin_menu_wrapper); $('nav#mobile-main-menu, nav#user-main-menu').css('top', hed_height+admin_menu_wrapper); }, 3000); } $( document ).on( "click", ".main_menu_button", function() { $(this).toggleClass('active'); $('.user_menu_button, nav#user-main-menu').removeClass('active'); $("nav#mobile-main-menu").toggleClass('active'); }); $( document ).on( "click", ".user_menu_button", function() { $(this).toggleClass('active'); $('.main_menu_button, nav#mobile-main-menu').removeClass('active'); $("nav#user-main-menu").toggleClass('active'); }); if( $('body').hasClass('node') ){ $('body').removeClass('node add article'); } }); </script> <script> /* <![CDATA[ */ var aovp_visited = false; var aovp_timeout = false; function ao_visitor_points_track(){ if( ! aovp_timeout ){ return } if( aovp_visited ){ return } aovp_visited = true; var aovpData = new FormData(); var aovp_nid = "10984"; aovpData.append("nid", aovp_nid); var cssTag = document.querySelector("#ao-visitor-points-style"); if( cssTag ){ cssTag.remove(); } if( aovp_nid != "" ){ fetch( "/ao-visitor-points-track", { method: "POST", body: aovpData, } ).then( response => response.json() ).then( json => {} ); } } function aovpIntersectionHandler(entries, observer) { for( entry of entries ){ if( entry.isIntersecting && entry.target.classList.contains("ao-visitor-points-endpoint") ){ entry.target.classList.remove("not-visited"); ao_visitor_points_track(); } } } var aovpObserver = new IntersectionObserver(aovpIntersectionHandler); var aovpDiv = document.querySelector("#ao-visitor-points-endpoint"); if( aovpDiv ){ aovpObserver.observe(aovpDiv); var aovpTimeout = parseInt(aovpDiv.getAttribute("data-timeout")); setTimeout(function(){ aovp_timeout = true; }, aovpTimeout); } /* ]]> */ </script> <style id="ao-visitor-points-style"> </style> <script type="lazyload_ext"> ctSetCookie("ct_check_js", "d1ef08526b9da3db1157b15975bc8ed7", "0"); </script> <div class="nextart"> <a href="/news-history-archaeology/craniotomy-0010982"><span>Next article<em></em></span></a> </div> <script type="lazyload"> jQuery().ready(function(e) { jQuery('#preface .block-inner').css('height','auto'); function resizeContent(){ if(jQuery(document).width()>1199){ jQuery('.main-inner').width(jQuery('#main-content').width()-jQuery('.first-sidebar').width()-jQuery('.second-sidebar').width()-60); }else if(jQuery(document).width()>767 && jQuery(document).width()<1200){ jQuery('.main-inner').width(jQuery('#main-content').width()-jQuery('.second-sidebar').width()-60); }else{ jQuery('.main-inner').css('width','100%'); } jQuery('#views_slideshow_cycle_main_slideshow-block > div, .views_slideshow_cycle_slide').css( { 'width':jQuery('.main-inner').width()+'px', // 'height':'auto' }); jQuery('.view-slideshow .views_slideshow_main img').width(jQuery('.main-inner').width()-22); jQuery('.node-promoted').height('auto'); setTimeout(function(){ jQuery('.owl-carousel').trigger('refresh.owl.carousel'); }, 200); } resizeContent(); if(jQuery(document).width()>767 && ( jQuery('.suggested-books').length || jQuery('.book-reviews').length || jQuery('.vocabulary-link-category').length) ){ jQuery('article').height('auto'); jQuery('article.odd').each(function(index, element) { if(jQuery(element).hasClass('node-teaser')){ if(jQuery(element).height()>jQuery(element).next().height()){ jQuery(element).next().height(jQuery(element).height()+imgpad); jQuery(element).height(jQuery(element).height()+imgpad); }else{ jQuery(element).height(jQuery(element).next().height()+imgpad); jQuery(element).next().height(jQuery(element).next().height()+imgpad); } } }); } jQuery(window).resize(function(e) { resizeContent(); if(jQuery(document).width()>767 && ( jQuery('.suggested-books').length || jQuery('.book-reviews').length || jQuery('.vocabulary-link-category').length) ){ jQuery('article').height('auto'); jQuery('article.odd').each(function(index, element) { if(jQuery(element).hasClass('node-teaser')){ if(jQuery(element).height()>jQuery(element).next().height()){ jQuery(element).next().height(jQuery(element).height()+imgpad); jQuery(element).height(jQuery(element).height()+imgpad); }else{ jQuery(element).height(jQuery(element).next().height()+imgpad); jQuery(element).next().height(jQuery(element).next().height()+imgpad); } } }); } }); jQuery(window).load(function(e) { jQuery('#views_slideshow_cycle_main_slideshow-block > div, .views_slideshow_cycle_slide').css( { 'width':jQuery('.main-inner').width()+'px', // 'height':'auto' }); }); var uri = window.location.toString(); if( uri.indexOf('#qt-quicktabs') > 0) { var clean_uri = uri.substring(0, uri.indexOf("#")); window.history.replaceState({}, document.title, clean_uri); } jQuery('.ao-pager-last').each(function(){ jQuery(this).attr('href', jQuery(this).data('last')); }); }); </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "WebSite", "url": "https://www.ancient-origins.net/", "potentialAction": [{ "@type": "SearchAction", "target": "https://www.ancient-origins.net/searchall/{search_term_string}", "query-input": "required name=search_term_string" }] } </script> <script> (function(e,t,o,n,p,r,i){e.visitorGlobalObjectAlias=n;e[e.visitorGlobalObjectAlias]=e[e.visitorGlobalObjectAlias]||function(){(e[e.visitorGlobalObjectAlias].q=e[e.visitorGlobalObjectAlias].q||[]).push(arguments)};e[e.visitorGlobalObjectAlias].l=(new Date).getTime();r=t.createElement("script");r.src=o;r.async=true;i=t.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];i.parentNode.insertBefore(r,i)})(window,document,"https://diffuser-cdn.app-us1.com/diffuser/diffuser.js","vgo"); vgo('setAccount', '68385552'); vgo('setTrackByDefault', true); vgo('process'); </script> <script> /* <![CDATA[ */ var win_width = window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth || document.body.clientWidth; if( win_width <= 767 ){ var sb2 = document.querySelector('aside#sb2'); if( sb2 ){ sb2.innerHTML = ''; } } /* ]]> */ </script> <script> var AddShoppersWidgetOptions = { 'loadCss': false, 'pushResponse': false }; (!function(){ var t=document.createElement("script"); t.type="text/javascript", t.async=!0, t.id="AddShoppers", t.src="https://shop.pe/widget/widget_async.js#659d291cb7150cff80fa5c55", document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t) }()); </script> <script type="lazyload_int" data-src="https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/cache/all-js/ffb99d38428ae723c9cd9f30f7033907.js" onload="load_intJS_main()"></script><script>var lazy_load_js=1;var lazy_load_by_px=200;var internal_js_delay_load = 10000;var js_delay_load = 10000;var internal_css_delay_load = 10000;var google_fonts_delay_load = 100;var lazy_load_css=[];var googlefont=["https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css?display=swap&family=Titillium+Web%3A400%2C900%2C700%7CAlfa+Slab+One%7CSource+Sans+Pro%3A400%2C900","https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Lato&family=Montserrat&family=Roboto&family=IBM+Plex+Sans:wght@400;600&display=swap"];blank_image_webp_url = "https://www.ancient-origins.net/blank.pngw3.webp";var upload_path="/home/ancient/public_html";var webp_path="/home/ancient/public_html/w3-webp";var wnw_first_js=false;var wnw_int_first_js=false;var wnw_first_inner_js=false;var wnw_first_css=false;var wnw_first_google_css=false;var wnw_first=false;var external_single_loaded=1;var internal_js=document.querySelectorAll("script[type=lazyload_int]");var inline_js=document.querySelectorAll("script[type=lazyload]");var mousemoveloadimg=false;var page_is_scrolled=false;var internal_js_loaded=false;var internal_js_called=false;var inner_js_counter1=-1;var s1={};function fixwebp(){if(!hasWebP){var elementNames=["*"];var elementImg=document.querySelectorAll("img[src$='w3.webp']");for(var ig=0;ig<elementImg.length;ig++){if(elementImg[ig].getAttribute("data-src")!=null&&elementImg[ig].getAttribute("data-src")!=""){var datasrc=elementImg[ig].getAttribute("data-src");elementImg[ig].setAttribute("data-src",datasrc.replace("w3.webp","").replace(webp_path,upload_path));} if(elementImg[ig].getAttribute("data-srcset")!=null&&elementImg[ig].getAttribute("data-srcset")!=""){var datasrcset=elementImg[ig].getAttribute("data-srcset");elementImg[ig].setAttribute("data-srcset",datasrcset.replace(/w3.webp/g,"").split(webp_path).join(upload_path));} if(elementImg[ig].src!=null&&elementImg[ig].src!=""){var src=elementImg[ig].src;elementImg[ig].src=src.replace("w3.webp","").replace(webp_path,upload_path);} if(elementImg[ig].srcset!=null&&elementImg[ig].srcset!=""){var srcset=elementImg[ig].srcset;elementImg[ig].srcset=srcset.replace(/w3.webp/g,"").split(webp_path).join(upload_path);}} elementNames.forEach(function(tagName){var tags=document.getElementsByTagName(tagName);var numTags=tags.length;for(var i=0;i<numTags;i++){var tag=tags[i];var style=tag.currentStyle||window.getComputedStyle(tag,false);var bg=style.backgroundImage;if(bg.match("w3.webp")){if(document.all){tag.style.setAttribute("cssText",";background-image: "+bg.replace("w3.webp","").replace(webp_path,upload_path)+" !important;");}else{tag.setAttribute("style",tag.getAttribute("style")+";background-image: "+bg.replace("w3.webp","").replace(webp_path,upload_path)+" !important;");}}}});}} function w3_change_webp(){if(bg.match("w3.webp")){if(document.all){tag.style.setAttribute("cssText","background-image: "+bg.replace("w3.webp","").replace(webp_path,upload_path)+" !important");var style1=tag.currentStyle||window.getComputedStyle(tag,false);}else{tag.setAttribute("style","background-image: "+bg.replace("w3.webp","").replace(webp_path,upload_path)+" !important");var style1=tag.currentStyle||window.getComputedStyle(tag,false);}}} var hasWebP=false;(function(){var img=new Image();img.onload=function(){hasWebP=!!(img.height>0&&img.width>0);};img.onerror=function(){hasWebP=false;fixwebp();};img.src=blank_image_webp_url;})();setTimeout(function(){load_googlefont();},google_fonts_delay_load);if(lazy_load_js){window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(event){setTimeout(function(){load_intJS_main();},internal_js_delay_load);});} window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(event){setTimeout(function(){load_extCss();},internal_css_delay_load);lazyloadimages(0);});window.addEventListener("scroll",function(event){load_googlefont();var top=this.scrollY;lazyloadimages(top);lazyloadiframes(top);js_delay_load=500;if(lazy_load_js){load_all_js();} load_extCss();},{passive:true});window.addEventListener("mousemove",function(){load_googlefont();js_delay_load=500;if(lazy_load_js){load_all_js();} load_extCss();},{passive:true});window.addEventListener("touchstart",function(){load_googlefont();js_delay_load=500;if(lazy_load_js){load_all_js();} load_extCss();},{passive:true});function load_all_js(){load_intJS_main();if(mousemoveloadimg==false){var top=this.scrollY;lazyloadimages(top);mousemoveloadimg=true;}} function insertAfter(newNode,referenceNode){referenceNode.parentNode.insertBefore(newNode,referenceNode.nextSibling);} var inner_js_counter=-1;var s={};function load_extJS(){if(wnw_first_js){return;} if(!wnw_int_first_js){setTimeout(function(){load_extJS();},1000);return;} wnw_first_js=true;load_extJS_execute();} function load_extJS_execute(){var static_script=document.querySelectorAll("script[type=lazyload_ext]");if(static_script.length<1){return;} if(static_script[0].getAttribute("data-src")!==null){var js_obj=w3_load_js_uri(static_script[0]);js_obj.onload=function(){load_extJS_execute();} js_obj.onerror=function(){load_extJS_execute();}}else{w3_load_inline_js_single(static_script[0]);load_extJS_execute();}} function w3_load_js_uri(static_script){var ext_js_element=document.createElement("script");ext_js_element.async=true;if(typeof(static_script.attributes)!="undefined"){for(var att,i3=0,atts=static_script.attributes,n3=atts.length;i3<n3;i3++){att=atts[i3];if(att.nodeName!="data-src"&&att.nodeName!="type"){ext_js_element.setAttribute(att.nodeName,att.nodeValue);}}} ext_js_element.src=static_script.getAttribute("data-src");insertAfter(ext_js_element,static_script);delete static_script.dataset.src;delete static_script.type;static_script.parentNode.removeChild(static_script);return ext_js_element;} function load_intJS_main(){if(internal_js_called){return;} internal_js_called=true;load_intJS();} function load_intJS(){if(wnw_int_first_js){return;} if(inner_js_counter1+1<internal_js.length){inner_js_counter1++;var script=internal_js[inner_js_counter1];if(script.getAttribute("type")!==null&&script.getAttribute("type")=="lazyload_int"){if(script.getAttribute("data-src")!=null){var s=w3_load_js_uri(script);s.onload=function(){external_single_loaded=1;load_intJS();};s.onerror=function(){external_single_loaded=1;load_intJS();w3_redirect_resource_404(this.src);}}}else{load_intJS();}}else{w3_load_inline_js();Drupal.attachBehaviors(document,Drupal.settings);}} function w3_load_inline_js_single(script){console.log("single",external_single_loaded);if(!external_single_loaded){setTimeout(function(){w3_load_inline_js_single(script);},200);return false;} var s=document.createElement("script");for(var i2=0;i2<script.attributes.length;i2++){var attrib=script.attributes[i2];if(attrib.name!="type"){s.setAttribute(attrib.name,attrib.value);}} s.innerHTML=script.innerHTML;insertAfter(s,script);script.parentNode.removeChild(script);} function w3_load_inline_js(){for(var i3=0;i3<inline_js.length;i3++){var script=inline_js[i3];w3_load_inline_js_single(script);} wnw_int_first_js=true;internal_js_loaded=1;var element=document.getElementsByTagName("html")[0];setTimeout(function(){element.classList.add("w3_js");},1000);load_extJS();} function w3_redirect_resource_404(js_src){if(js_src.indexOf("wnw-cache")!=-1){var data={"action":"w3_speedup_cache_purge","resource_url":js_src};jQuery.get("https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/all/modules/minifyhtml/wpspeedup",data,function(response){location.reload();});}} function load_googlefont(){if(wnw_first_google_css==false&&typeof googlefont!=undefined&&googlefont!=null&&googlefont.length>0){googlefont.forEach(function(src){var load_css=document.createElement("link");load_css.rel="stylesheet";load_css.href=src;load_css.type="text/css";var godefer2=document.getElementsByTagName("link")[0];if(godefer2==undefined){document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(load_css);}else{godefer2.parentNode.insertBefore(load_css,godefer2);}});wnw_first_google_css=true;}} var exclude_lazyload=null;var win_width=screen.availWidth;function w3_load_css_uri(static_css){var css_element=document.createElement("link");css_element.href=static_css.getAttribute("data-href");css_element.rel="stylesheet";delete static_css.dataset.href;static_css.parentNode.insertBefore(css_element,static_css);static_css.parentNode.removeChild(static_css);} function load_extCss(){if(wnw_first_css==false){lazyloadimages(0);lazyloadiframes(0);var static_css=document.querySelectorAll("link[data-href]");for(i=0;i<static_css.length;i++){if(static_css[i].getAttribute("data-href")!==null){w3_load_css_uri(static_css[i]);}} wnw_first_css=true;}} setInterval(function(){lazyloadiframes(top);},8000);setInterval(function(){lazyloadimages(0);fixwebp();},3000);document.addEventListener("click",function(){lazyloadimages(0);});function getDataUrl(img1,width,height){var myCanvas=document.createElement("canvas");var ctx=myCanvas.getContext("2d");var img=new Image();myCanvas.width=parseInt(width);myCanvas.height=parseInt(height);ctx.drawImage(img,0,0);img1.src=myCanvas.toDataURL("image/png");} function lazyload_img(imgs,bodyRect,window_height,win_width){for(i=0;i<imgs.length;i++){if(imgs[i].getAttribute("data-class")=="LazyLoad"){var elemRect=imgs[i].getBoundingClientRect(),offset=elemRect.top-bodyRect.top;if(elemRect.top!=0&&elemRect.top-window_height<lazy_load_by_px){compStyles=window.getComputedStyle(imgs[i]);if(compStyles.getPropertyValue("opacity")==0){continue;} var src=imgs[i].getAttribute("data-src")?imgs[i].getAttribute("data-src"):imgs[i].src;var srcset=imgs[i].getAttribute("data-srcset")?imgs[i].getAttribute("data-srcset"):"";if(!srcset){imgs[i].onload=function(){this.setAttribute("data-done","Loaded");if(typeof(w3speedup_after_iframe_img_load)=="function"){w3speedup_after_iframe_img_load(this);}}} imgs[i].src=src;if(srcset!=null&srcset!=""){imgs[i].srcset=srcset;} delete imgs[i].dataset.class;}else{if(typeof(load_dynamic_img)!="undefined"){var blanksrc=imgs[i].src;if(blanksrc.indexOf("data:")==-1){if(imgs[i].getAttribute("width")!=null&&imgs[i].getAttribute("height")!=null){var width=parseInt(imgs[i].getAttribute("width"));var height=parseInt(imgs[i].getAttribute("height"));getDataUrl(imgs[i],width,height);}}}}}}} function lazyload_video(imgs,top,window_height,win_width){for(i=0;i<imgs.length;i++){var elemRect=imgs[i].getBoundingClientRect();if(typeof(imgs[i].getElementsByTagName("source")[0])=="undefined"){lazyload_video_source(imgs[i],top,window_height,win_width);}else{var sources=imgs[i].getElementsByTagName("source");for(j=0;j<sources.length;j++){var source=sources[j];lazyload_video_source(source,top,window_height,win_width,elemRect);}}}} function lazyload_video_source(source,top,window_height,win_width,elemRect){if(typeof source!="undefined"&&source.getAttribute("data-class")=="LazyLoad"){if(elemRect.top-window_height<0&&(top>0||internal_js_loaded==1)){var src=source.getAttribute("data-src")?source.getAttribute("data-src"):source.src;var srcset=source.getAttribute("data-srcset")?source.getAttribute("data-srcset"):"";if(source.srcset!=null&source.srcset!=""){source.srcset=srcset;} source.parentNode.src=src;delete source.dataset.class;source.setAttribute("data-done","Loaded");}}} function lazyloadimages(top){var imgs=document.querySelectorAll("img[data-class=LazyLoad]");var ads=document.getElementsByClassName("lazyload-ads");var sources=document.getElementsByTagName("video");var bodyRect=document.body.getBoundingClientRect();var window_height=window.innerHeight;var win_width=screen.availWidth;lazyload_img(imgs,bodyRect,window_height,win_width);lazyload_video(sources,top,window_height,win_width);} lazyloadimages(0);function lazyloadiframes(top){var bodyRect=document.body.getBoundingClientRect();var window_height=window.innerHeight;var win_width=screen.availWidth;var iframes=document.querySelectorAll("iframe[data-class=LazyLoad]");lazyload_img(iframes,bodyRect,window_height,win_width);}</script></body> </html>