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class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">ข้ามไปเนื้อหา</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เมนูหลัก" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เมนูหลัก</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เมนูหลัก</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การนำทาง </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="เยี่ยมชมหน้าหลัก [z]" accesskey="z"><span>หน้าหลัก</span></a></li><li id="n-ask" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1"><span>ถามคำถาม</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ค้นหาข้อมูลเบื้องหลังในเหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน"><span>เหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1" title="โหลดหน้าแบบสุ่ม [x]" accesskey="x"><span>สุ่มบทความ</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ทำความรู้จักวิกิพีเดีย"><span>เกี่ยวกับวิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="วิธีการติดต่อวิกิพีเดีย"><span>ติดต่อเรา</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> มีส่วนร่วม </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D" title="ข้อแนะนำการใช้และแก้ไขวิกิพีเดีย"><span>คำอธิบาย</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99"><span>เริ่มต้นเขียน</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="เกี่ยวกับโครงการ สิ่งที่คุณทำได้ และวิธีการค้นหา"><span>ศาลาประชาคม</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในวิกินี้ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>ปรับปรุงล่าสุด</span></a></li><li id="n-discord" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94"><span>ดิสคอร์ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-lang" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ภาษาอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="วิกิพีเดีย" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-th.svg" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 1.6875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="สารานุกรมเสรี" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-th.svg" width="100" height="18" style="width: 6.25em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ค้นหา</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%2F%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94+%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%2F%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94+%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%2F%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94+%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%2F%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94+%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา</h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-mw-helplink" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Related_changes" target="_blank" class="mw-helplink"><span class="mw-helplink-icon"></span>คำอธิบาย</a></div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับหน้าเนื้อหา (ไม่มีหน้านี้) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>อภิปราย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เปลี่ยนรูปแบบภาษา" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ดู"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=history" title="แก้ไขเก่าของหน้านี้ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="feedlinks" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/api.php?hidebots=1&hidecategorization=1&hideWikibase=1&urlversion=1&days=7&limit=50&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29&action=feedrecentchanges&feedformat=atom" id="feed-atom" rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" class="feedlink" title="ฟีดอะตอม (Atom) ของหน้านี้"><span>อะตอม</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%259E%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25A9%3A%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B8%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B2%2F%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%2594_%28%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%258C%29"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%259E%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25A9%3A%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B8%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B2%2F%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%2594_%28%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%258C%29"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="ความเครียด (กลศาสตร์)">ความเครียด (กลศาสตร์)</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-specialpage-summary"> <p>หน้านี้แสดงความเปลี่ยนแปลงในหน้าที่โยงมาสู่หน้านี้ หน้าในรายการเฝ้าดูของคุณแสดงด้วย<b>ตัวหนา</b> </p> </div><div class="mw-rcfilters-head"><div class="mw-rcfilters-container"></div><fieldset class="rcoptions cloptions"> <legend>ตัวเลือกการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุด</legend> <span class="rclinks">แสดงการปรับปรุงล่าสุด <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&limit=50&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"limit":50}" data-keys="limit"><strong>50</strong></a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&limit=100&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"limit":100}" data-keys="limit">100</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&limit=250&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"limit":250}" data-keys="limit">250</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&limit=500&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"limit":500}" data-keys="limit">500</a> รายการ ในช่วง <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&days=1&from=&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"days":1,"from":""}" data-keys="days,from">1</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&days=3&from=&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"days":3,"from":""}" data-keys="days,from">3</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&days=7&from=&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"days":7,"from":""}" data-keys="days,from"><strong>7</strong></a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&days=14&from=&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"days":14,"from":""}" data-keys="days,from">14</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&days=30&from=&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"days":30,"from":""}" data-keys="days,from">30</a> วันที่ผ่านมา</span><br /><span class="rcshowhide"><span class="rcshowhideliu rcshowhideoption clshowhideoption" data-filter-name="hideliu" data-feature-in-structured-ui="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&hideliu=1&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"hideliu":1}" data-keys="hideliu">ซ่อน</a>ผู้ใช้ลงทะเบียน</span> | <span class="rcshowhideanons rcshowhideoption clshowhideoption" data-filter-name="hideanons" data-feature-in-structured-ui="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&hideanons=1&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"hideanons":1}" data-keys="hideanons">ซ่อน</a>ผู้ใช้ไม่ได้ล็อกอิน</span> | <span class="rcshowhidemine rcshowhideoption clshowhideoption" data-filter-name="hidemyself" data-feature-in-structured-ui="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&hidemyself=1&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"hidemyself":1}" data-keys="hidemyself">ซ่อน</a>การแก้ไขของฉัน</span> | <span class="rcshowhidebots rcshowhideoption clshowhideoption" data-filter-name="hidebots" data-feature-in-structured-ui="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&hidebots=0&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"hidebots":0}" data-keys="hidebots">แสดง</a>บอต</span> | <span class="rcshowhideminor rcshowhideoption clshowhideoption" data-filter-name="hideminor" data-feature-in-structured-ui="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&hideminor=1&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"hideminor":1}" data-keys="hideminor">ซ่อน</a>การแก้ไขเล็กน้อย</span> | <span class="rcshowhidecategorization rcshowhideoption clshowhideoption" data-filter-name="hidecategorization" data-feature-in-structured-ui="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&hidecategorization=0&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"hidecategorization":0}" data-keys="hidecategorization">แสดง</a>การจัดหมวดหมู่หน้า</span> | <span class="wikibase-rc-hide-wikidata rcshowhideoption clshowhideoption" data-filter-name="hideWikibase" data-feature-in-structured-ui="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&hideWikibase=0&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"hideWikibase":0}" data-keys="hideWikibase">แสดง</a> วิกิสนเทศ</span></span><br /><span class="rclistfrom"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&from=20241127223154&fromFormatted=05%3A31%2C+28+%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99+2567&target=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_%28%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" data-params="{"from":"20241127223154","fromFormatted":"05:31, 28 \u0e1e\u0e24\u0e28\u0e08\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 2567"}" data-keys="from,fromFormatted">แสดงการปรับปรุงตั้งแต่ 05:31, 28 พฤศจิกายน 2567</a></span> <hr /> <form action="/w/index.php"><table class="mw-recentchanges-table"><tr class="namespaceForm"><td class="mw-label mw-namespace-label"><label for="namespace">เนมสเปซ:</label></td><td class="mw-input"><select id="namespace" name="namespace"> <option value="" selected="">ทั้งหมด</option> <option value="0">(หลัก)</option> <option value="1">พูดคุย</option> <option value="2">ผู้ใช้</option> <option value="3">คุยกับผู้ใช้</option> <option value="4">วิกิพีเดีย</option> <option value="5">คุยเรื่องวิกิพีเดีย</option> <option value="6">ไฟล์</option> <option value="7">คุยเรื่องไฟล์</option> <option value="8">มีเดียวิกิ</option> <option value="9">คุยเรื่องมีเดียวิกิ</option> <option value="10">แม่แบบ</option> <option value="11">คุยเรื่องแม่แบบ</option> <option value="12">วิธีใช้</option> <option value="13">คุยเรื่องวิธีใช้</option> <option value="14">หมวดหมู่</option> <option value="15">คุยเรื่องหมวดหมู่</option> <option value="100">สถานีย่อย</option> <option value="101">คุยเรื่องสถานีย่อย</option> <option value="108">หนังสือ</option> <option value="109">คุยเรื่องหนังสือ</option> <option value="118">ฉบับร่าง</option> <option value="119">คุยเรื่องฉบับร่าง</option> <option value="126">MOS</option> <option value="127">MOS talk</option> <option value="710">TimedText</option> <option value="711">TimedText talk</option> <option value="828">มอดูล</option> <option value="829">คุยเรื่องมอดูล</option> </select> <label class="mw-input-with-label" title="เลือกกล่องนี้เพื่อซ่อนการเปลี่ยนแปลงไปยังหน้าในเนมเปซที่เลือก (และเนมสเปซที่เกี่ยวข้องถ้าเลือก)"><input type="checkbox" name="invert" value="1"> กลับการเลือก</label> <label class="mw-input-with-label" title="เลือกกล่องนี้เพื่อรวมเนมสเปซคุยหรือเรื่องที่เกี่ยวข้องกับเนมสเปซที่เลือกด้วย"><input type="checkbox" name="associated" value="1"> เนมสเปซที่เกี่ยวข้อง</label></td></tr><tr class="tagfilterForm"><td class="mw-label mw-tagfilter-label"><label for="tagfilter">ตัวกรอง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="พิเศษ:ป้ายกำกับ">ป้ายระบุ</a>:</label></td><td class="mw-input"><input class="mw-tagfilter-input mw-ui-input mw-ui-input-inline" size="20" id="tagfilter" list="tagfilter-datalist" name="tagfilter"><datalist id="tagfilter-datalist"><option value="campaign-external-machine-translation">campaign-external-machine-translation</option> <option value="community configuration">Community Configuration</option> <option value="contenttranslation-high-unmodified-mt-text">ContentTranslation: High unmodified machine translation usage</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 593">CropTool [1.4]</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 1904">DiBabel [1.2]</option> <option value="discussiontools">discussiontools (ป้ายระบุที่ซ่อนอยู่)</option> <option value="discussiontools-added-comment">discussiontools-added-comment (ป้ายระบุที่ซ่อนอยู่)</option> <option value="discussiontools-source">discussiontools-source (ป้ายระบุที่ซ่อนอยู่)</option> <option value="discussiontools-source-enhanced">discussiontools-source-enhanced (ป้ายระบุที่ซ่อนอยู่)</option> <option value="discussiontools-visual">discussiontools-visual (ป้ายระบุที่ซ่อนอยู่)</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 410">Dispenser [2.4]</option> <option value="editcheck-references-activated">Edit Check (references) activated</option> <option value="editcheck-reference-decline-common-knowledge">Edit Check (references) declined (common knowledge)</option> <option value="editcheck-reference-decline-irrelevant">Edit Check (references) declined (irrelevant)</option> <option value="editcheck-reference-decline-other">Edit Check (references) declined (other)</option> <option value="editcheck-reference-decline-uncertain">Edit Check (references) declined (uncertain)</option> <option value="editcheck-newcontent">editcheck-newcontent (ป้ายระบุที่ซ่อนอยู่)</option> <option value="editcheck-newreference">editcheck-newreference (ป้ายระบุที่ซ่อนอยู่)</option> <option value="editcheck-references">editcheck-references (ป้ายระบุที่ซ่อนอยู่)</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 651">Fountain [0.1.3]</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 1804">IABotManagementConsole [1.2]</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 5481">IABotManagementConsole [1.3]</option> <option value="mentor list change">mentor list change</option> <option value="meta spam id">meta spam id</option> <option value="fileimporter-remote">Modified by FileImporter</option> <option value="newcomer task copyedit">Newcomer task: copyedit</option> <option value="newcomer task expand">Newcomer task: expand</option> <option value="newcomer task links">Newcomer task: links</option> <option value="newcomer task references">Newcomer task: references</option> <option value="newcomer task update">Newcomer task: update</option> <option value="OTRS permission added by non-OTRS member">OTRS permission added by non-OTRS member</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 429">PAWS [1.2]</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 1841">PAWS [2.1]</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 4664">paws [2.2]</option> <option value="repeated xwiki CoI abuse">repeated xwiki CoI abuse</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 1188">SWViewer [1.0]</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 1261">SWViewer [1.2]</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 1352">SWViewer [1.3]</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 1805">SWViewer [1.4]</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 6365">SWViewer [1.6]</option> <option value="T144167">T144167</option> <option value="wikieditor">wikieditor (ป้ายระบุที่ซ่อนอยู่)</option> <option value="mw-contentmodelchange">การเปลี่ยนแปลงรูปแบบเนื้อหา</option> <option value="แก้ไขผิดปกติ FA/GA">การแก้ไขผิดปกติในบทความคัดสรร/คุณภาพ</option> <option value="visualeditor-needcheck">การแก้ไขแบบเห็นภาพ: ตรวจสอบ</option> <option value="visualeditor-switched">การแก้ไขแบบเห็นภาพ: สลับแล้ว</option> <option value="sectiontranslation">การแปลส่วน</option> <option value="contenttranslation">การแปลเนื้อหา</option> <option value="contenttranslation-v2">การแปลเนื้อหา2</option> <option value="help panel question">คำถามแผงช่วยเหลือ</option> <option value="app-talk-source">คุยแบบต้นฉบับด้วยแอป</option> <option value="discussiontools-reply">ตอบกลับ</option> <option value="app-talk-reply">ตอบกลับการคุยด้วยแอป</option> <option value="abusefilter-condition-limit">ถึงขีดจำกัดเงื่อนไขแล้ว</option> <option value="mw-reverted">ถูกย้อนกลับแล้ว</option> <option value="mw-replace">ถูกแทน</option> <option value="mw-undo">ทำกลับ</option> <option value="app-undo">ทำกลับด้วยแอป</option> <option value="mw-blank">ทำหน้าว่าง</option> <option value="ผู้ใช้แก้หน้าเปลี่ยนทาง">ผู้ใช้แก้หน้าเปลี่ยนทาง</option> <option value="เพิ่มลิงก์ไปยังเว็บอื่น">ผู้ใช้ใหม่เพิ่มลิงก์ไปยังเว็บอื่น</option> <option value="newcomer task">ภารกิจสำหรับผู้ใช้ใหม่</option> <option value="mw-manual-revert">ย้อนด้วยมือ</option> <option value="mw-rollback">ย้อนรวดเดียว</option> <option value="ย้ายเนมสเปซผู้ใช้ไปเนมสเปซอื่น">ย้ายเนมสเปซผู้ใช้ไปเนมสเปซอื่น</option> <option value="ลบการเปลี่ยนทางไป">ลบการเปลี่ยนทางไป</option> <option value="ลบป้ายขาดความสำคัญ">ลบป้ายขาดความสำคัญ</option> <option value="ลบลิงก์ข้ามภาษา">ลบลิงก์ข้ามภาษา</option> <option value="mw-removed-redirect">ลบหน้าเปลี่ยนทาง</option> <option value="disambiguator-link-added">ลิงก์แก้ความกำกวม</option> <option value="massmessage-delivery">ส่งสารหมู่</option> <option value="app-talk-topic">หัวข้อการคุยด้วยแอป</option> <option value="discussiontools-newtopic">หัวข้อใหม่</option> <option value="emoji">อิโมจี</option> <option value="visualeditor-wikitext">เครื่องมือแก้ไขต้นฉบับปี 2560</option> <option value="mw-new-redirect">เปลี่ยนทางใหม่</option> <option value="unusual redirect">เปลี่ยนทางไม่ถูกต้อง</option> <option value="mw-changed-redirect-target">เปลี่ยนเป้าหมายหน้าเปลี่ยนทาง</option> <option value="ข้อความไม่เป็นวิกิขนาดใหญ่">เพิ่มข้อความไม่เป็นวิกิขนาดใหญ่</option> <option value="เพิ่มยูอาร์แอล wikipedia.org">เพิ่มยูอาร์แอล wikipedia.org</option> <option value="เพิ่มรายการยาว">เพิ่มรายการยาว</option> <option value="เพิ่มลิงก์ข้ามภาษา">เพิ่มลิงก์ข้ามภาษา</option> <option value="เพิ่มแม่แบบแจ้งลบ">เพิ่มแม่แบบแจ้งลบ</option> <option value="advanced mobile edit">แก้ไขขั้นสูงด้วยอุปกรณ์เคลื่อนที่</option> <option value="mobile edit">แก้ไขด้วยอุปกรณ์เคลื่อนที่</option> <option value="mobile web edit">แก้ไขด้วยเว็บอุปกรณ์เคลื่อนที่</option> <option value="mobile app edit">แก้ไขด้วยแอปอุปกรณ์เคลื่อนที่</option> <option value="android app edit">แก้ไขด้วยแอปแอนดรอยด์</option> <option value="ios app edit">แก้ไขด้วยแอปไอโอเอส</option> <option value="app-section-source">แก้ไขส่วนแบบต้นฉบับด้วยแอป</option> <option value="app-full-source">แก้ไขหน้าเต็มแบบต้นฉบับด้วยแอป</option> <option value="app-select-source">แก้ไขเลือกแบบต้นฉบับด้วยแอป</option> <option value="visualeditor">แก้ไขแบบเห็นภาพ</option> <option value="newcomer task add link">แนะนำ: เพิ่มลิงก์</option> <option value="ใส่ชื่อผู้ใช้ในบทความ">ใส่ชื่อผู้ใช้ในบทความ</option></datalist> <span class="mw-input-with-label"><input type="checkbox" name="inverttags" value="1" id="inverttags"> <label for="inverttags">กลับการเลือก</label></span></td></tr><tr class="targetForm"><td class="mw-label mw-target-label">ชื่อหน้า:</td><td class="mw-input"><input name="target" size="40" value="ความเครียด (กลศาสตร์)" /> <input name="showlinkedto" type="checkbox" value="1" id="showlinkedto" /> <label for="showlinkedto">แสดงการเปลี่ยนแปลงไปหน้าซึ่งโยงไปหน้าที่ระบุแทน</label> <input type="submit" value="แสดง"></td></tr></table><input type="hidden" value="พิเศษ:การปรับปรุงที่โยงมา" name="title"></form> </fieldset> </div><div class="mw-rcfilters-spinner"><div class="mw-rcfilters-spinner-bounce"></div></div><div class="mw-changeslist"><details class="mw-changeslist-legend" open=""><summary><strong>รายการอักษรย่อ:</strong></summary><dl> <dt class="wikibase-edit">ด</dt> <dd class="mw-changeslist-legend-wikibase-edit">การแก้ไขวิกิสนเทศ</dd> <dt class="newpage">ม</dt> <dd class="mw-changeslist-legend-newpage"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88" title="พิเศษ:หน้าใหม่">หน้าให<span style="text-decoration: underline;">ม่</span></a></dd> <dt class="minoredit">ล</dt> <dd class="mw-changeslist-legend-minor"><span id="minoredit_helplink"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="วิธีใช้:การแก้ไขเล็กน้อย">การแก้ไขเ<span style="text-decoration: underline;">ล็</span>กน้อย</a></span></dd> <dt class="botedit">บ</dt> <dd class="mw-changeslist-legend-bot"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95" title="วิกิพีเดีย:บอต">การแก้ไขของ<span style="text-decoration: underline;">บ</span>อต</a></dd> <dt class="mw-plusminus-pos">(±123)</dt> <dd class="mw-changeslist-legend-plusminus">ขนาดเปลี่ยนแปลงของหน้า หน่วยเป็นไบต์</dd> <dt class="mw-changeslist-legend-watchlistexpiry"><span role='img' aria-labelledby='mw-changeslist-watchlistExpiry-label' class='mw-changesList-watchlistExpiry oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-clock oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget'></span></dt><dd class="mw-changeslist-legend-watchlistexpiry" id="mw-changeslist-watchlistExpiry-label">เป็นการเฝ้าดูชั่วคราว</dd></dl> </details><h4>21 พฤศจิกายน 2567</h4> <ul class="special"><li data-mw-revid="11962632" data-mw-ts="20241121093654" class="mw-changeslist-line mw-changeslist-edit mw-changeslist-ns0-รูปสี่เหลี่ยมขนมเปียกปูน mw-changeslist-line-not-watched mw-changeslist-ns-0 mw-changeslist-ns-subject mw-changeslist-user-unregistered mw-changeslist-others mw-changeslist-human mw-changeslist-major mw-changeslist-last mw-changeslist-src-mw-edit mw-line-even mw-tag-visualeditor"><div class="mw-rcfilters-ui-highlights"><div class="mw-rcfilters-ui-highlights-color-none" data-color="none"></div><div class="mw-rcfilters-ui-highlights-color-c1" data-color="c1"></div><div class="mw-rcfilters-ui-highlights-color-c2" data-color="c2"></div><div class="mw-rcfilters-ui-highlights-color-c3" data-color="c3"></div><div class="mw-rcfilters-ui-highlights-color-c4" data-color="c4"></div><div class="mw-rcfilters-ui-highlights-color-c5" data-color="c5"></div></div><span class="mw-changeslist-line-inner" data-target-page="รูปสี่เหลี่ยมขนมเปียกปูน"><span class="mw-changeslist-links"><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&curid=499017&diff=11962632&oldid=11962628" class="mw-changeslist-diff" title="รูปสี่เหลี่ยมขนมเปียกปูน">ต่าง</a></span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&curid=499017&action=history" class="mw-changeslist-history" title="รูปสี่เหลี่ยมขนมเปียกปูน">ประวัติ</a></span></span> <span class="mw-changeslist-separator"></span> <span class="mw-title"><bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="mw-changeslist-title" title="รูปสี่เหลี่ยมขนมเปียกปูน">รูปสี่เหลี่ยมขนมเปียกปูน</a></bdi></span><span class="mw-changeslist-separator--semicolon"></span> <span class="mw-changeslist-date mw-changeslist-time">16:36</span> <span class="mw-changeslist-separator"></span> <span dir="ltr" class="mw-plusminus-pos mw-diff-bytes" title="6,357 ไบต์หลังเปลี่ยนแปลง">+87</span> <span class="mw-changeslist-separator"></span> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99/2405:9800:B920:CF44:40A6:1E9D:74AE:9ECE" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="พิเศษ:เรื่องที่เขียน/2405:9800:B920:CF44:40A6:1E9D:74AE:9ECE"><bdi>2405:9800:b920:cf44:40a6:1e9d:74ae:9ece</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks mw-changeslist-links"><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:2405:9800:B920:CF44:40A6:1E9D:74AE:9ECE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="คุยกับผู้ใช้:2405:9800:B920:CF44:40A6:1E9D:74AE:9ECE (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">คุย</a></span></span> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99#การหาพื้นที่" title="รูปสี่เหลี่ยมขนมเปียกปูน">→<bdi dir="ltr">การหาพื้นที่</bdi></a></span>)</span> <span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="พิเศษ:ป้ายกำกับ">ป้ายระบุ</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-visualeditor"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E" title="วิกิพีเดีย:เครื่องมือแก้ไขแบบเห็นภาพ">แก้ไขแบบเห็นภาพ</a></span></span></span></li> <li data-mw-revid="11962628" data-mw-ts="20241121093608" class="mw-changeslist-line mw-changeslist-edit mw-changeslist-ns0-รูปสี่เหลี่ยมขนมเปียกปูน mw-changeslist-line-not-watched mw-changeslist-ns-0 mw-changeslist-ns-subject mw-changeslist-user-unregistered mw-changeslist-others mw-changeslist-human mw-changeslist-major mw-changeslist-previous mw-changeslist-src-mw-edit mw-line-odd mw-tag-visualeditor"><div class="mw-rcfilters-ui-highlights"><div class="mw-rcfilters-ui-highlights-color-none" data-color="none"></div><div class="mw-rcfilters-ui-highlights-color-c1" data-color="c1"></div><div class="mw-rcfilters-ui-highlights-color-c2" data-color="c2"></div><div class="mw-rcfilters-ui-highlights-color-c3" data-color="c3"></div><div class="mw-rcfilters-ui-highlights-color-c4" data-color="c4"></div><div class="mw-rcfilters-ui-highlights-color-c5" data-color="c5"></div></div><span class="mw-changeslist-line-inner" data-target-page="รูปสี่เหลี่ยมขนมเปียกปูน"><span class="mw-changeslist-links"><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&curid=499017&diff=11962628&oldid=11236579" class="mw-changeslist-diff" title="รูปสี่เหลี่ยมขนมเปียกปูน">ต่าง</a></span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&curid=499017&action=history" class="mw-changeslist-history" title="รูปสี่เหลี่ยมขนมเปียกปูน">ประวัติ</a></span></span> <span class="mw-changeslist-separator"></span> <span class="mw-title"><bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="mw-changeslist-title" title="รูปสี่เหลี่ยมขนมเปียกปูน">รูปสี่เหลี่ยมขนมเปียกปูน</a></bdi></span><span class="mw-changeslist-separator--semicolon"></span> <span class="mw-changeslist-date mw-changeslist-time">16:36</span> <span class="mw-changeslist-separator"></span> <span dir="ltr" class="mw-plusminus-pos mw-diff-bytes" title="6,270 ไบต์หลังเปลี่ยนแปลง">+103</span> <span class="mw-changeslist-separator"></span> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99/2405:9800:B920:CF44:40A6:1E9D:74AE:9ECE" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="พิเศษ:เรื่องที่เขียน/2405:9800:B920:CF44:40A6:1E9D:74AE:9ECE"><bdi>2405:9800:b920:cf44:40a6:1e9d:74ae:9ece</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks mw-changeslist-links"><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:2405:9800:B920:CF44:40A6:1E9D:74AE:9ECE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="คุยกับผู้ใช้:2405:9800:B920:CF44:40A6:1E9D:74AE:9ECE (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">คุย</a></span></span> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99#สมบัติ" title="รูปสี่เหลี่ยมขนมเปียกปูน">→<bdi dir="ltr">สมบัติ</bdi></a></span>)</span> <span class="mw-tag-markers"><a 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