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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History and development</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History_and_development-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History and development subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Versions_0–2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versions_0–2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Versions 0–2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Versions_0–2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Version_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Version_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Version 3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Version_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Version_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Version_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Version 4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Version_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Version_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Version_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Version 5</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Version_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Version_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Version_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Version 6</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Version_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Extensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Software-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Software subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SFTP_client" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SFTP_client"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>SFTP client</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SFTP_client-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SFTP_server" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SFTP_server"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>SFTP server</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SFTP_server-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SFTP_proxy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SFTP_proxy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>SFTP proxy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SFTP_proxy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">SSH File Transfer Protocol</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A5%D8%B3_%D8%A5%D8%B3_%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بروتوكول إس إس إتش لنقل الملفات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروتوكول إس إس إتش لنقل الملفات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/SFTP" title="SFTP – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="SFTP" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_file_transfer_protocol" title="SSH file transfer protocol – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="SSH file transfer protocol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_file_transfer_protocol" title="SSH file transfer protocol – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="SSH file transfer protocol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol" title="SSH File Transfer Protocol – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="SSH File Transfer Protocol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol" title="SSH File Transfer Protocol – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="SSH File Transfer Protocol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol" title="SSH File Transfer Protocol – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="SSH File Transfer Protocol" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC_%EC%A0%84%EC%86%A1_%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%9C" title="SSH 파일 전송 프로토콜 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="SSH 파일 전송 프로토콜" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol" title="SSH File Transfer Protocol – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="SSH File Transfer Protocol" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol" title="SSH File Transfer Protocol – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="SSH File Transfer Protocol" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol" title="SSH File Transfer Protocol – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="SSH File Transfer Protocol" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol" title="SSH File Transfer Protocol – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="SSH File Transfer Protocol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol" title="SSH File Transfer Protocol – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="SSH File Transfer Protocol" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol" title="SSH File Transfer Protocol – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="SSH File Transfer Protocol" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol" title="SSH File Transfer Protocol – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="SSH File Transfer Protocol" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol" title="SSH File Transfer Protocol – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="SSH File Transfer Protocol" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/SFTP" title="SFTP – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="SFTP" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_file_transfer_protocol" title="SSH file transfer protocol – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="SSH file transfer protocol" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol" title="SSH File Transfer Protocol – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="SSH File Transfer Protocol" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol" title="SSH File Transfer Protocol – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="SSH File Transfer Protocol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SFTP" title="SFTP – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="SFTP" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SFTP" title="SFTP – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="SFTP" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="SSH文件传输协议 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="SSH文件传输协议" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Simple_File_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple File Transfer Protocol">Simple File Transfer Protocol</a>, <a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol#FTP_over_SSH" title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP over SSH</a>, or <a href="/wiki/FTPS" title="FTPS">FTPS</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Network protocol that provides file management over any reliable data stream</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:26em;"><caption class="infobox-title summary">SSH File Transfer Protocol</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Communication protocol</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">SFTP</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File_transfer" title="File transfer">File transfer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Developer(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a> SECSH working group</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Introduction</th><td class="infobox-data">1997<span class="noprint">; 27 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1997</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">Secure Shell</a> (SSH)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;"><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">OSI layer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Application_layer" title="Application layer">Application layer</a> (7)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;"><a href="/wiki/Port_(computer_networking)" title="Port (computer networking)">Port(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">22/TCP</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a>, the <b>SSH File Transfer Protocol</b> (also known as <b>Secure File Transfer Protocol</b> or <b>SFTP</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Network_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Network protocol">network protocol</a> that provides <a href="/wiki/File_access" class="mw-redirect" title="File access">file access</a>, <a href="/wiki/File_transfer" title="File transfer">file transfer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/File_management" class="mw-redirect" title="File management">file management</a> over any reliable <a href="/wiki/Data_stream" title="Data stream">data stream</a>. It was designed by the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> (IETF) as an extension of the <a href="/wiki/Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">Secure Shell</a> protocol (SSH) version 2.0 to provide secure file transfer capabilities, and is seen as a replacement of <a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">File Transfer Protocol</a> (FTP) due to superior security.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/IETF_Internet_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF Internet Draft">IETF Internet Draft</a> states that, even though this protocol is described in the context of the SSH-2 protocol, it could be used in a number of different applications, such as secure file transfer over <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">Transport Layer Security</a> (TLS) and transfer of management information in <a href="/wiki/VPN" class="mw-redirect" title="VPN">VPN</a> applications. </p><p>This protocol assumes that it is run over a <a href="/wiki/Secure_channel" title="Secure channel">secure channel</a>, such as SSH, that the server has already authenticated the client, and that the identity of the client user is available to the protocol. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capabilities">Capabilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Capabilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Compared to the <a href="/wiki/Secure_copy" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure copy">SCP</a> protocol, which only allows file transfers, the SFTP protocol allows for a range of operations on remote files which make it more like a remote <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a> protocol. An SFTP <a href="/wiki/Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">client</a>'s extra capabilities include resuming interrupted transfers, directory listings, and remote file removal.<sup id="cite_ref-Jaynor2001_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jaynor2001-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also support for all UNIX file types, including symbolic links.<sup id="cite_ref-draft13_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-draft13-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SFTP attempts to be more platform-independent than SCP; with SCP, for instance, the expansion of <a href="/wiki/Wildcard_character" title="Wildcard character">wildcards</a> specified by the client is up to the server, whereas SFTP's design avoids this problem. While SCP is most frequently implemented on <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> platforms, SFTP servers are commonly available on most platforms. In SFTP, the file transfer can be easily terminated without terminating a session like other mechanisms do. </p><p>SFTP is not <a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</a> run over <a href="/wiki/Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">SSH</a>, but rather a new protocol designed from the ground up by the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a> SECSH <a href="/wiki/Working_group" title="Working group">working group</a>. It is sometimes confused with <a href="/wiki/Simple_File_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple File Transfer Protocol">Simple File Transfer Protocol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett2001_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett2001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The protocol itself does not provide authentication and security; it expects the underlying protocol to secure this. SFTP is most often used as subsystem of <a href="/wiki/Secure_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure shell">SSH</a> protocol version 2 implementations, having been designed by the same working group. It is possible, however, to run it over SSH-1 (and some implementations support this) or other data streams. Running an SFTP server over SSH-1 is not platform-independent as SSH-1 does not support the concept of subsystems. An SFTP client willing to connect to an SSH-1 server needs to know the path to the SFTP server binary on the server side. </p><p>Uploaded files may be associated with their basic attributes, such as time stamps. This is an advantage over the common <a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</a> protocol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_development">History and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group "Secsh" that was responsible for the development of the <a href="/wiki/Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">Secure Shell</a> version 2 protocol (RFC 4251) also attempted to draft an extension of that standard for secure file transfer functionality. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Draft" title="Internet Draft">Internet Drafts</a> were created that successively revised the protocol into new versions.<sup id="cite_ref-tools.ietf.org_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tools.ietf.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The software industry began to implement various versions of the protocol before the drafts were standardized. As development work progressed, the scope of the Secsh File Transfer project expanded to include <a href="/wiki/File_access" class="mw-redirect" title="File access">file access</a> and <a href="/wiki/File_management" class="mw-redirect" title="File management">file management</a>. Eventually, development stalled as some committee members began to view SFTP as a <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a> protocol, not just a <a href="/wiki/File_access" class="mw-redirect" title="File access">file access</a> or <a href="/wiki/File_transfer" title="File transfer">file transfer</a> protocol, which places it beyond the purview of the working group.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a seven-year hiatus, in 2013 an attempt was made to restart work on SFTP using the version 3 draft as the baseline.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Versions_0–2"><span id="Versions_0.E2.80.932"></span>Versions 0–2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Versions 0–2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the IETF's involvement, SFTP was a proprietary protocol of <a href="/wiki/SSH_Communications_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="SSH Communications Security">SSH Communications Security</a>, designed by Tatu Ylönen with assistance from Sami Lehtinen in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Differences between versions 0–2 and version 3 are enumerated upon in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-02#section-10">section 10 of draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-02</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Version_3">Version 3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Version 3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the outset of the IETF Secure Shell File Transfer project, the Secsh group stated that its objective of SSH File Transfer Protocol was to provide a secure file transfer functionality over any reliable data stream, and to be the standard file transfer protocol for use with the SSH-2 protocol. </p><p>Drafts 00–02 of the IETF Internet Draft define successive revisions of version 3 of the SFTP protocol. </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-00">SSH File Transfer Protocol, Draft 00, January 2001</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-01">SSH File Transfer Protocol, Draft 01, March 2001</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-02">SSH File Transfer Protocol, Draft 02, October 2001</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Version_4">Version 4</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Version 4"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drafts 03–04 of the IETF Internet Draft define version 4 of the protocol. </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-03">SSH File Transfer Protocol, Draft 03, October 2002</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-04">SSH File Transfer Protocol, Draft 04, December 2002</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Version_5">Version 5</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Version 5"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Draft 05 of the IETF Internet Draft defines version 5 of the protocol. </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-05">SSH File Transfer Protocol, Draft 05, January 2004</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Version_6">Version 6</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Version 6"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drafts 06–13 of the IETF Internet Draft define successive revisions of version 6 of the protocol. </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-06">SSH File Transfer Protocol, Draft 06, October 2004</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-07">SSH File Transfer Protocol, Draft 07, March 2005</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-08">SSH File Transfer Protocol, Draft 08, April 2005</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-09">SSH File Transfer Protocol, Draft 09, June 2005</a> – Added byte-range locks. ACL changes. Rearranged SSH_FXP_REALPATH request parameters.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-10">SSH File Transfer Protocol, Draft 10, June 2005</a> – Extensions "vendor-id", "md5-hash", "space-available", "home-directory" removed. ACL changes.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-11">SSH File Transfer Protocol, Draft 11, January 2006</a> – ACL transfer fully specified. Editorial changes.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-12">SSH File Transfer Protocol, Draft 12, January 2006</a> – Added "IANA considerations". A size parameter is now allowed for file creation as an advisory signal.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13">SSH File Transfer Protocol, Draft 13, July 2006</a> – editorial changes</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extensions">Extensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Extensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SFTP protocol supports a generic way of indicating extended commands, along with a method of including them in version negotiation. An IANA registry is requested, but since the protocol never became an official standard, no such registry has been created.<sup id="cite_ref-draft13_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-draft13-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Draft 13 specifies <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">text-seek</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">supported2</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">acl-supported</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">newline</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">versions</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">version-select</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">filename-charset</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">filename-translation-control</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-draft13_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-draft13-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>OpenSSH, the most widespread implementation, defines constants to convert <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">ST_NOSUID</span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">ST_RDONLY</span> values across the protocol, using the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">statvfs@openssh.com</span> version identifier. It only implements version 3 from draft 1.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SFTP_client">SFTP client</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: SFTP client"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <b>SFTP</b> can also refer to <a href="/wiki/Secure_file_transfer_program" title="Secure file transfer program">Secure file transfer program</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Command-line_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Command-line program">command-line program</a> that implements the <a href="/wiki/Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">client</a> part of this protocol. As an example, the sftp program supplied with <a href="/wiki/OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">OpenSSH</a> implements this.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some implementations of the <code><a href="/wiki/Secure_copy#SCP_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure copy">scp</a></code> <i>program</i> support both the SFTP and SCP protocols to perform file transfers, depending on what the server supports. The scp program supplied with OpenSSH 9.0 and higher defaults to using SFTP.<sup id="cite_ref-ossh9_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ossh9-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SFTP_server">SFTP server</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: SFTP server"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/List_of_FTP_server_software" class="mw-redirect" title="List of FTP server software">FTP server implementations</a> implement the SFTP protocol; however, outside of dedicated file servers, SFTP protocol support is usually provided by an <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_SSH_servers" title="Comparison of SSH servers">SSH server implementation</a>, as it shares the default port of 22 with other SSH services. SFTP implementations may include an SSH protocol implementation to leverage integration of SSH connection details with preexisting FTP server access controls, where an alternative SSH server is tolerable or where alternative ports may be used. An SSH-2 server which supports subsystems may be leveraged to keep a uniform SSH implementation while enhancing access controls with third party software, at the cost of fine-grained integration with connection details, and SSH-1 compatibility. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SFTP_proxy">SFTP proxy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: SFTP proxy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is difficult to control SFTP transfers on security devices at the network perimeter. There are standard tools for logging <a href="/wiki/FTP" class="mw-redirect" title="FTP">FTP</a> transactions, like TIS <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gdev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gdev (page does not exist)">gdev</a> or SUSE FTP proxy, but SFTP is encrypted, rendering traditional proxies ineffective for controlling SFTP traffic. </p><p>There are some tools that implement man-in-the-middle for SSH which also feature SFTP control. Examples of such a tool are Shell Control Box from Balabit<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and CryptoAuditor from <a href="/wiki/SSH_Communications_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="SSH Communications Security">SSH Communications Security</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the original developer of the Secure Shell protocol) which provides functions such as SFTP transaction logging and logging of the actual data transmitted on the wire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_SSH_clients" title="Comparison of SSH clients">Comparison of SSH clients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_SSH_servers" title="Comparison of SSH servers">Comparison of SSH servers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_file_transfer_protocols" title="Comparison of file transfer protocols">Comparison of file transfer protocols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Files_transferred_over_shell_protocol" title="Files transferred over shell protocol">FISH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTPS" title="FTPS">FTPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lsh" title="Lsh">Lsh</a>—a <a href="/wiki/GNU_Project" title="GNU Project">GNU</a> SSH-2 and SFTP server for <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> OSes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSHFS" title="SSHFS">SSHFS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rclone" title="Rclone">Rclone</a>—Mounting remote filesystem using SFTP and SSH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:FTP_clients" title="Category:FTP clients">Category:FTP clients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol_clients" title="Category:SSH File Transfer Protocol clients">Category:SSH File Transfer Protocol clients</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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