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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Proposals_to_expand_the_County_of_London" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposals_to_expand_the_County_of_London"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Proposals to expand the County of London</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposals_to_expand_the_County_of_London-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greater_London_is_created" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greater_London_is_created"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Greater London is created</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greater_London_is_created-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greater_London_Authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greater_London_Authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Greater London Authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greater_London_Authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greater_London_Authority_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greater_London_Authority_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Greater London Authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greater_London_Authority_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mayor_of_London" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor_of_London"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Mayor of London</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor_of_London-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-London_Assembly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#London_Assembly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>London Assembly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-London_Assembly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UK_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UK_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>UK Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UK_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Twin cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater London</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 88 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groter_Londen" title="Groter Londen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Groter Londen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="لندن الكبرى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لندن الكبرى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Londres" title="Gran Londres – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gran Londres" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Londres" title="Gran Londres – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gran Londres" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_London" title="Böyük London – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Böyük London" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Raya" title="London Raya – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="London Raya" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C4%81_L%C3%BBn-tun" title="Toā Lûn-tun – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Toā Lûn-tun" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вялікі Лондан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вялікі Лондан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%9B%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вялікі Лёндан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вялікі Лёндан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Голям Лондон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Голям Лондон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londrez_Veur" title="Londrez Veur – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Londrez Veur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Londres" title="Gran Londres – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gran Londres" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Greater London" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velk%C3%BD_Lond%C3%BDn" title="Velký Londýn – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Velký Londýn" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llundain_Fwyaf" title="Llundain Fwyaf – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llundain Fwyaf" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Greater London" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Greater London" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suur-London" title="Suur-London – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suur-London" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Μείζον Λονδίνο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μείζον Λονδίνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Londres" title="Gran Londres – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gran Londres" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granda_Londono" title="Granda Londono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Granda Londono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londres_Handia" title="Londres Handia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Londres Handia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="لندن بزرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لندن بزرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Londres" title="Grand Londres – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grand Londres" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grut-Londen" title="Grut-Londen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Grut-Londen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3rcheantar_Londan" title="Mórcheantar Londan – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mórcheantar Londan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Londres" title="Gran Londres – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gran Londres" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_L%C3%B9n-t%C3%BBn" title="Thai Lùn-tûn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thai Lùn-tûn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0%EB%9F%B0%EB%8D%98" title="그레이터런던 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그레이터런던" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Մեծ Լոնդոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեծ Լոնդոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8" title="ग्रेटर लंदन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्रेटर लंदन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_London" title="Veliki London – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Veliki London" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Raya" title="London Raya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="London Raya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Стыр Лондон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Стыр Лондон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B3r-Lund%C3%BAnasv%C3%A6%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Stór-Lundúnasvæðið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stór-Lundúnasvæðið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Londra" title="Grande Londra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grande Londra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%99" title="לונדון רבתי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לונדון רבתי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Greater London" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londinium_Maius" title="Londinium Maius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Londinium Maius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liel%C4%81_Londona" title="Lielā Londona – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lielā Londona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didysis_Londonas" title="Didysis Londonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Didysis Londonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagy-London" title="Nagy-London – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nagy-London" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Голем Лондон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Голем Лондон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranana_Nui" title="Ranana Nui – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ranana Nui" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="ग्रेटर लंडन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्रेटर लंडन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="لندن الكبرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لندن الكبرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Raya" title="London Raya – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="London Raya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯂꯟꯗꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯂꯟꯗꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Londres" title="Grande Londres – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Grande Londres" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groot-Londen" title="Groot-Londen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Groot-Londen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3" title="グレーター・ロンドン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グレーター・ロンドン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Йоккха Лондон – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Йоккха Лондон" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grat_London" title="Grat London – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Grat London" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stor-London" title="Stor-London – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stor-London" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stor-London" title="Stor-London – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stor-London" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Londres" title="Grand Londres – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Grand Londres" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%88%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="وڈا لندن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وڈا لندن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wielki_Londyn" title="Wielki Londyn – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielki Londyn" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Londres" title="Grande Londres – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grande Londres" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londra_Mare" title="Londra Mare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Londra Mare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatun_Lunrun" title="Hatun Lunrun – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hatun Lunrun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Большой Лондон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Большой Лондон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Lunnon" title="Greater Lunnon – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Greater Lunnon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="මහා ලන්ඩන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මහා ලන්ඩන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Greater London" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%BD%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%8A%D9%86" title="گريٽر لنڊن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گريٽر لنڊن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD_Lond%C3%BDn" title="Veľký Londýn – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Veľký Londýn" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_London" title="Veliki London – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Veliki London" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wjelgi_L%C5%AFnd%C5%AFn" title="Wjelgi Lůndůn – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Wjelgi Lůndůn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Велики Лондон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Велики Лондон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Greater London" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suur-Lontoo" title="Suur-Lontoo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suur-Lontoo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storlondon" title="Storlondon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Storlondon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="இலண்டன் பெருநகர்ப் பகுதி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலண்டன் பெருநகர்ப் பகுதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="เกรเทอร์ลอนดอน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกรเทอร์ลอนดอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Лондони Бузург – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Лондони Бузург" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Londra" title="Büyük Londra – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Büyük Londra" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Великий Лондон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Великий Лондон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B0" title="لندن عظمیٰ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لندن عظمیٰ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Lu%C3%A2n_%C4%90%C3%B4n" title="Đại Luân 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searchaux" style="display:none">Metropolitan area in England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the administrative region and ceremonial county. Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">Greater London Built-up Area</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/London_metropolitan_area" title="London metropolitan area">London metropolitan area</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/London_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="London (disambiguation)">London (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ceremonial county and region in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Greater London</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">and<br /><span style="font-size:125%;">London (region)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:262px;max-width:262px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div style="height:171px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_London,_seen_from_Tower_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/City_of_London%2C_seen_from_Tower_Bridge.jpg/258px-City_of_London%2C_seen_from_Tower_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/City_of_London%2C_seen_from_Tower_Bridge.jpg/387px-City_of_London%2C_seen_from_Tower_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/City_of_London%2C_seen_from_Tower_Bridge.jpg/516px-City_of_London%2C_seen_from_Tower_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5993" data-file-height="3985" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div style="height:83px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Siemens_Crystal_Building,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Siemens_Crystal_Building%2C_London.jpg/143px-Siemens_Crystal_Building%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Siemens_Crystal_Building%2C_London.jpg/215px-Siemens_Crystal_Building%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Siemens_Crystal_Building%2C_London.jpg/286px-Siemens_Crystal_Building%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4668" data-file-height="2709" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:113px;max-width:113px"><div style="height:83px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hampstead_Heath_(35220827152).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Hampstead_Heath_%2835220827152%29.jpg/111px-Hampstead_Heath_%2835220827152%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Hampstead_Heath_%2835220827152%29.jpg/167px-Hampstead_Heath_%2835220827152%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Hampstead_Heath_%2835220827152%29.jpg/222px-Hampstead_Heath_%2835220827152%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">The <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>; <a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_London_(Newham)" title="City Hall, London (Newham)">City Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Newham" title="London Borough of Newham">Newham</a>, the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Hampstead_Heath" title="Hampstead Heath">Hampstead Heath</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_London_(zoom)_(ceremonial_county)_in_England.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greater_London_%28zoom%29_%28ceremonial_county%29_in_England.svg/200px-Greater_London_%28zoom%29_%28ceremonial_county%29_in_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greater_London_%28zoom%29_%28ceremonial_county%29_in_England.svg/300px-Greater_London_%28zoom%29_%28ceremonial_county%29_in_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greater_London_%28zoom%29_%28ceremonial_county%29_in_England.svg/400px-Greater_London_%28zoom%29_%28ceremonial_county%29_in_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="991" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Greater London ceremonial county (red) within <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. The small enclave in its centre is the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a> (white). Together they form Greater London administrative area.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent country</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1965</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London_Government_Act_1963" title="London Government Act 1963">London Government Act 1963</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Time in the United Kingdom">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B0" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+0">UTC+0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">BST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">UK Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_parliamentary_constituencies_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="List of parliamentary constituencies in London">73 MPs</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Police</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Police" title="City of London Police">City of London Police</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color: #cddeff; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lord-Lieutenant_of_Greater_London" title="Lord-Lieutenant of Greater London">Lord Lieutenant</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Olisa" title="Ken Olisa">Ken Olisa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Greater_London" title="High Sheriff of Greater London">High Sheriff</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ina De</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">1,569 km<sup>2</sup> (606 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ceremonial_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ceremonial counties of England">37th of 48</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<span class="nowrap"> </span><div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,855,333</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ceremonial_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ceremonial counties of England">1st of 48</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Density</th><td class="infobox-data">5,643/km<sup>2</sup> (14,620/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnicity<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>53.8% <a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a> (of which 36.8% <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">White British</a>)</li><li>20.7% <a href="/wiki/British_Asians" title="British Asians">Asian</a></li><li>13.5% <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a></li><li>5.7% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">mixed</a></li><li>6.3% <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">other</a></li></ul></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color: #cddeff; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Region_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Region of England">Region</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a><br /><b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Sadiq Khan</a><br /><b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Admin HQ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_London_(Newham)" title="City Hall, London (Newham)">City Hall, Newham</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">1,572 km<sup>2</sup> (607 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-ONS_mid-year_pop_est_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS_mid-year_pop_est-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,866,180</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Density</th><td class="infobox-data">5,640/km<sup>2</sup> (14,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/GSS_coding_system" title="GSS coding system">GSS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>E12000007 (region)</li><li>E61000001 (GLA)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Territorial_Level" title="International Territorial Level">ITL</a></th><td class="infobox-data">TLI</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://london.gov.uk">london<wbr />.gov<wbr />.uk</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London-counties.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/London-counties.svg/250px-London-counties.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/London-counties.svg/375px-London-counties.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/London-counties.svg/500px-London-counties.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="386" /></a></span><br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Ceremonial counties of the London Region</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Counties</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li><li>Greater London</li></ol></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London-boroughs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/London-boroughs.svg/250px-London-boroughs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/London-boroughs.svg/375px-London-boroughs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/London-boroughs.svg/500px-London-boroughs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="394" /></a></span><br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">The City of London and the 32 London boroughs</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> </th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; list-style-type:decimal;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea">Kensington and Chelsea</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hammersmith_and_Fulham" title="London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham">Hammersmith and Fulham</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Wandsworth" title="London Borough of Wandsworth">Wandsworth</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Lambeth" title="London Borough of Lambeth">Lambeth</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Southwark" title="London Borough of Southwark">Southwark</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets">Tower Hamlets</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hackney" title="London Borough of Hackney">Hackney</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Islington" title="London Borough of Islington">Islington</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Camden" title="London Borough of Camden">Camden</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Brent" title="London Borough of Brent">Brent</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Ealing" title="London Borough of Ealing">Ealing</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hounslow" title="London Borough of Hounslow">Hounslow</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Richmond upon Thames</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Kingston_upon_Thames" title="Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames">Kingston upon Thames</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Merton" title="London Borough of Merton">Merton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Sutton" title="London Borough of Sutton">Sutton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Croydon" title="London Borough of Croydon">Croydon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Bromley" title="London Borough of Bromley">Bromley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Lewisham" title="London Borough of Lewisham">Lewisham</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Greenwich" title="Royal Borough of Greenwich">Greenwich</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Bexley" title="London Borough of Bexley">Bexley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Havering" title="London Borough of Havering">Havering</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Barking_and_Dagenham" title="London Borough of Barking and Dagenham">Barking and Dagenham</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Redbridge" title="London Borough of Redbridge">Redbridge</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Newham" title="London Borough of Newham">Newham</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Waltham_Forest" title="London Borough of Waltham Forest">Waltham Forest</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Haringey" title="London Borough of Haringey">Haringey</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Enfield" title="London Borough of Enfield">Enfield</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Barnet" title="London Borough of Barnet">Barnet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Harrow" title="London Borough of Harrow">Harrow</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hillingdon" title="London Borough of Hillingdon">Hillingdon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Greater London</b> is an administrative area in England,<sup id="cite_ref-legislation1963_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legislation1963-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> coterminous with the <b>London region</b>, containing most of the continuous <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban area</a> of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. It contains 33 <a href="/wiki/Local_government_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government districts">local government districts</a>: the 32 <a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">London boroughs</a>, which form a <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">ceremonial county</a> also called <b>Greater London</b>, and the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> is responsible for strategic local government across the region, and regular local government is the responsibility of the borough councils and the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation" title="City of London Corporation">City of London Corporation</a>. Greater London is bordered by the ceremonial counties of <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a> to the north-east, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> to the south-east, <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a> to the south, and <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a> to the west. </p><p>Greater London has a land area of 1,572 km<sup>2</sup> (607 sq mi) and an estimated population of 8,866,180 in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-ONS_mid-year_pop_est_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS_mid-year_pop_est-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ceremonial county of Greater London is only slightly smaller, with an area of 1,569 km<sup>2</sup> (606 sq mi) and a population of 8,855,333 in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area is almost entirely urbanised and contains the majority of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">Greater London Built-up Area</a>, which extends into Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, Surrey, and Berkshire and in 2011 had a population of 9,787,426. None of the administrative area, region, or ceremonial county hold <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status</a>, but the City of London and <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a> separately do. The area was historically part of <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> is the defining geographic feature of the area, entering it near <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_London" title="Hampton, London">Hampton</a> in the west and flowing east before exiting downstream of <a href="/wiki/Dagenham" title="Dagenham">Dagenham</a>. Several tributaries of the Thames flow through the area, but are now mostly <a href="/wiki/Culvert" title="Culvert">culverted</a> and form part of <a href="/wiki/London_sewer_system" title="London sewer system">London's sewerage system</a>. The land immediately north and south of the river is flat, but rises to low hills further away, notably <a href="/wiki/Hampstead_Heath" title="Hampstead Heath">Hampstead Heath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shooter%27s_Hill" title="Shooter's Hill">Shooter's Hill</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sydenham_Hill" title="Sydenham Hill">Sydenham Hill</a>. The area's highest point is <a href="/wiki/Westerham_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Westerham Heights">Westerham Heights</a> (245 m (804 ft)), part of the <a href="/wiki/North_Downs" title="North Downs">North Downs</a>. In the north-east the area contains part of <a href="/wiki/Epping_Forest" title="Epping Forest">Epping Forest</a>, an ancient woodland. </p><p>The City of London has had its own government since the Anglo-Saxon period. The first London-wide directly elected local government was the <a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a>, established for the <a href="/wiki/County_of_London" title="County of London">County of London</a> in 1889, which covered the core of the urban area. In 1965 the county was abolished and replaced by Greater London, a two-tier administrative area governed by the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a>, thirty-two London boroughs, and the City of London Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-legislation19632_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legislation19632-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greater London Council was abolished in 1986, and its responsibilities largely taken over by the boroughs. The Greater London Authority was formed in 2000. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_history">Administrative history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Administrative history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_London" title="History of local government in London">History of local government in London</a></div> <p>The term "Greater London" was used before it was established by statute in 1965. It referred to the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_District" title="Metropolitan Police District">Metropolitan Police District</a>, the area served by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Water_Board_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Water Board (London)">Metropolitan Water Board</a>, the <a href="/wiki/London_Passenger_Transport_Board" title="London Passenger Transport Board">London Passenger Transport Area</a>, and the area defined by the <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Registrar General">Registrar General</a> as the "Greater London Conurbation".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-urban_change_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urban_change-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aspects_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aspects-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was also used for the Greater London Arterial Road Programme, devised between 1913 and 1916, and the Greater London Planning Region, devised in 1927, which occupied 1,856 square miles (4,810 km<sup>2</sup>) and included 9 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-urban_change_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urban_change-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposals_to_expand_the_County_of_London">Proposals to expand the County of London</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Proposals to expand the County of London"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_London_County_Council.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_Arms_of_London_County_Council.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_London_County_Council.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_Arms_of_London_County_Council.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_London_County_Council.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_Arms_of_London_County_Council.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_London_County_Council.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="661" /></a><figcaption>Arms of the former <a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Although the <a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a> (LCC) and <a href="/wiki/County_of_London" title="County of London">County of London</a> were created in 1889, the area did not cover all of London. London's built-up area, <a href="/wiki/London_postal_district" title="London postal district">postal district</a>, transport network and Metropolitan Police District, extended vastly beyond the boundaries of the new administrative county. Many of the LCC housing projects, including the vast <a href="/wiki/Becontree" title="Becontree">Becontree Estates</a>, were also outside its boundaries.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LCC pressed for an alteration in its boundaries soon after the end of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, noting that within the Metropolitan and City Police Districts there were 122 housing authorities. A <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_London_Government" title="Royal Commission on London Government">Royal Commission on London Government</a> was set up to consider the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LCC proposed a vast new area for Greater London, with a boundary somewhere between the Metropolitan Police District and the <a href="/wiki/Home_counties" title="Home counties">home counties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protests were made at the possibility of including <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Berkshire" title="Windsor, Berkshire">Windsor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slough" title="Slough">Slough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eton,_Berkshire" title="Eton, Berkshire">Eton</a> in the authority.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commission made its report in 1923, rejecting the LCC's scheme. Two minority reports favoured change beyond the amalgamation of smaller urban districts, including both smaller borough councils and a central authority for strategic functions. The <a href="/wiki/London_Traffic_Act_1924" title="London Traffic Act 1924">London Traffic Act 1924</a> was a result of the commission.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reform of local government in the County of London and its environs was next considered by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_Local_Government_in_Greater_London" title="Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London">Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London</a>, chaired by Sir <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Herbert" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Herbert">Edwin Herbert</a>, which issued the 'Herbert Report' after three years of work in 1960. The commission applied three tests to decide if a community should form part of Greater London: how strong is the area as an independent centre in its own right; how strong are its ties to London; and how strongly is it drawn outwards towards the country rather than inwards towards London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greater_London_is_created">Greater London is created</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Greater London is created"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Council_of_Greater_London.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Arms_of_the_Council_of_Greater_London.svg/100px-Arms_of_the_Council_of_Greater_London.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Arms_of_the_Council_of_Greater_London.svg/150px-Arms_of_the_Council_of_Greater_London.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Arms_of_the_Council_of_Greater_London.svg/200px-Arms_of_the_Council_of_Greater_London.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="222" /></a><figcaption>Arms of the former <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Greater London was created by the <a href="/wiki/London_Government_Act_1963" title="London Government Act 1963">London Government Act 1963</a>, which came into force on 1 April 1965, replacing the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_counties_of_England" title="Administrative counties of England">administrative counties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_London" title="County of London">London</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>, where the London County Council had limited powers, and absorbing parts of <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>. Greater London originally had a two-tier system of local government, with the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a> (GLC) sharing power with the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation" title="City of London Corporation">City of London Corporation</a> (governing the small City of London) and the 32 London Borough councils. The GLC was abolished in 1986 by the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1985" title="Local Government Act 1985">Local Government Act 1985</a>. Its functions were devolved to the City Corporation and the London Boroughs, with some functions transferred to central government and joint boards.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greater London formed the London <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">region</a> in 1994. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greater_London_Authority">Greater London Authority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Greater London Authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Greater_London_Authority_(monochrome).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Logo_of_the_Greater_London_Authority_%28monochrome%29.png/100px-Logo_of_the_Greater_London_Authority_%28monochrome%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Logo_of_the_Greater_London_Authority_%28monochrome%29.png/150px-Logo_of_the_Greater_London_Authority_%28monochrome%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Logo_of_the_Greater_London_Authority_%28monochrome%29.png/200px-Logo_of_the_Greater_London_Authority_%28monochrome%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1858" data-file-height="1127" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1998_London_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 London referendum">1998 London referendum</a> established a public will to recreate an upper tier of government to cover the region. The <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a> and the directly elected <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a> were created in 2000 by the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority_Act_1999" title="Greater London Authority Act 1999">Greater London Authority Act 1999</a>. In 2000, the outer boundary of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_District" title="Metropolitan Police District">Metropolitan Police District</a> was re-aligned to the Greater London boundary. The <a href="/wiki/2000_London_mayoral_election" title="2000 London mayoral election">2000</a> and <a href="/wiki/2004_London_mayoral_election" title="2004 London mayoral election">2004 mayoral elections</a> were won by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Livingstone" title="Ken Livingstone">Ken Livingstone</a>, who had been the final leader of the GLC. The 2008 and 2012 elections were won by <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a>. The 2016, 2021 and 2024 elections were won by <a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Sadiq Khan</a>. London was covered by a <a href="/wiki/London_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="London (European Parliament constituency)">single Parliamentary constituency</a> in the European Parliament before <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_London_map_with_suburban_towns.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Greater_London_map_with_suburban_towns.png/200px-Greater_London_map_with_suburban_towns.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Greater_London_map_with_suburban_towns.png/300px-Greater_London_map_with_suburban_towns.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Greater_London_map_with_suburban_towns.png/400px-Greater_London_map_with_suburban_towns.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>Map of Greater London showing railway lines, primary roads, motorways, and suburban towns</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Postal_District.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/London_Postal_District.png/220px-London_Postal_District.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/London_Postal_District.png/330px-London_Postal_District.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/London_Postal_District.png/440px-London_Postal_District.png 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>The London postal district in red in contrast to Greater London</figcaption></figure> <p>Greater London includes the most closely associated parts of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater London Urban Area">Greater London Urban Area</a> and their historic <a href="/wiki/Buffer_zone" title="Buffer zone">buffers</a> and includes, in five boroughs, significant parts of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Green_Belt" title="Metropolitan Green Belt">Metropolitan Green Belt</a> which protects designated greenfield land in a similar way to the city's parks. The closest and furthest boundaries<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> are with <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a> to the northeast between <a href="/wiki/Sewardstonebury" title="Sewardstonebury">Sewardstonebury</a> next to <a href="/wiki/Epping_Forest" title="Epping Forest">Epping Forest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chingford" title="Chingford">Chingford</a> and with the <a href="/wiki/Mar_Dyke" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Dyke">Mar Dyke</a> between <a href="/wiki/Bulphan" title="Bulphan">Bulphan</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Ockendon" title="North Ockendon">North Ockendon</a>. Greater London is also bounded by <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> to the southeast and <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a> to the south and southwest. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_points_in_London" title="List of highest points in London">highest point</a> is Westerham Heights, in the <a href="/wiki/North_Downs" title="North Downs">North Downs</a> and on the boundary with Kent, at 245 m (804 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Central government has implemented <a href="/wiki/List_of_Greater_London_boundary_changes" title="List of Greater London boundary changes">small boundary changes</a>. The greatest were the 1969 transfers of <a href="/wiki/Farleigh,_Surrey" title="Farleigh, Surrey">Farleigh</a> to Surrey and <a href="/wiki/Knockholt" title="Knockholt">Knockholt</a> to Kent.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others have included exchange of two <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">Thames</a> islands with Surrey and adjustments during the 1990s to parts of the boundaries of three boroughs near the <a href="/wiki/M25_motorway" title="M25 motorway">M25</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only part of Greater London outside the motorway is <a href="/wiki/North_Ockendon" title="North Ockendon">North Ockendon</a>, the furthest land unit from its centre. The majority of Greater London forms the London <a href="/wiki/London_low_emission_zone" title="London low emission zone">Low Emission Zone</a> (LEZ) and the <a href="/wiki/Ultra_Low_Emission_Zone" title="Ultra Low Emission Zone">Ultra Low Emission Zone</a> (ULEZ). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/London_postal_district" title="London postal district">London postal district</a> does not cover all of Greater London.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_London" title="Category:Politics of London">a series</a> within the<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_England" title="Category:Politics of England">Politics of England</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of London">Politics of London</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Politicsoflondonlogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Politicsoflondonlogo.svg/150px-Politicsoflondonlogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Politicsoflondonlogo.svg/225px-Politicsoflondonlogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Politicsoflondonlogo.svg/300px-Politicsoflondonlogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="410" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of London">list</a>)<br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Sadiq Khan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>) </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Mayor_of_London" title="Deputy Mayor of London">Statutory Deputy Mayor</a></b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Joanne_McCartney" title="Joanne McCartney">Joanne McCartney</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Co-operative" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour and Co-operative">L/Co</a>) </p> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Mayor_of_London#Khan_mayoralty" title="Deputy Mayor of London">Mayoral cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_mayoral_elections" title="London mayoral elections">Mayoral elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_London_mayoral_election" title="2000 London mayoral election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_London_mayoral_election" title="2004 London mayoral election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_London_mayoral_election" title="2008 London mayoral election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_London_mayoral_election" title="2012 London mayoral election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_London_mayoral_election" title="2016 London mayoral election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_London_mayoral_election" title="2021 London mayoral election">2021</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2024_London_mayoral_election" title="2024 London mayoral election">2024</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a></b> </p> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Assembly#List_of_chairs_of_the_London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_London_Assembly_constituencies" title="List of London Assembly constituencies">Constituencies</a></li> <li>Elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_London_Assembly_election" title="2000 London Assembly election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_London_Assembly_election" title="2004 London Assembly election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_London_Assembly_election" title="2008 London Assembly election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_London_Assembly_election" title="2012 London Assembly election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_London_Assembly_election" title="2016 London Assembly election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_London_Assembly_election" title="2021 London Assembly election">2021</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2024_London_Assembly_election" title="2024 London Assembly election">2024</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_for_London" title="Transport for London">Transport for London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Fire_Commissioner" title="London Fire Commissioner">London Fire Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Legacy_Development_Corporation" title="London Legacy Development Corporation">London Legacy Development Corporation</a> & <a href="/wiki/Old_Oak_and_Park_Royal_Development_Corporation" title="Old Oak and Park Royal Development Corporation">Old Oak and Park Royal Development Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Mayor_of_London" title="Foreign relations of the Mayor of London">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor%27s_Office_for_Policing_and_Crime" title="Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime">Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Plan" title="London Plan">London Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Greater_London_Authority_referendum" title="1998 Greater London Authority referendum">1998 referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority_Act_1999" title="Greater London Authority Act 1999">1999 Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority_Act_2007" title="Greater London Authority Act 2007">2007 Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_London" title="List of political parties in London">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_London" title="Local government in London">London Councils</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation" title="City of London Corporation">City of London Corporation</a></b> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Estlin" title="Peter Estlin">Peter Estlin</a> </p> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Aldermen" title="Court of Aldermen">Court of Aldermen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Common_Council" title="Court of Common Council">Court of Common Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation_elections" title="City of London Corporation elections">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_City_of_London_Corporation_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2001 City of London Corporation election (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2005_City_of_London_Corporation_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2005 City of London Corporation election (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_City_of_London_Corporation_election" title="2009 City of London Corporation election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_City_of_London_Corporation_election" title="2013 City of London Corporation election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_City_of_London_Corporation_election" title="2017 City of London Corporation election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_City_of_London_Corporation_election" title="2022 City of London Corporation election">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City#Freedom_of_the_City_of_London" title="Freedom of the City">Freemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livery_company" title="Livery company">Livery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_of_the_City_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheriffs of the City of London">Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wards_of_the_City_of_London" title="Wards of the City of London">Wards</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">London boroughs</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_London_boroughs" title="List of London boroughs">list</a>)<br /> </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electoral_wards_in_Greater_London#London_borough_councils" title="List of electoral wards in Greater London">Wards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_make-up_of_London_borough_councils" class="mw-redirect" title="Political make-up of London borough councils">Council make-up</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barking_and_Dagenham_London_Borough_Council" title="Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council">Barking and Dagenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnet_London_Borough_Council" title="Barnet London Borough Council">Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bexley_London_Borough_Council" title="Bexley London Borough Council">Bexley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_London_Borough_Council" title="Brent London Borough Council">Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromley_London_Borough_Council" title="Bromley London Borough Council">Bromley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden_London_Borough_Council" title="Camden London Borough Council">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_London_Borough_Council" title="Croydon London Borough Council">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealing_London_Borough_Council" title="Ealing London Borough Council">Ealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfield_London_Borough_Council" title="Enfield London Borough Council">Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_London_Borough_Council" title="Greenwich London Borough Council">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_London_Borough_Council" title="Hackney London Borough Council">Hackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_and_Fulham_London_Borough_Council" title="Hammersmith and Fulham London Borough Council">Hammersmith and Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haringey_London_Borough_Council" title="Haringey London Borough Council">Haringey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrow_London_Borough_Council" title="Harrow London Borough Council">Harrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havering_London_Borough_Council" title="Havering London Borough Council">Havering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillingdon_London_Borough_Council" title="Hillingdon London Borough Council">Hillingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hounslow_London_Borough_Council" title="Hounslow London Borough Council">Hounslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islington_London_Borough_Council" title="Islington London Borough Council">Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_and_Chelsea_London_Borough_Council" title="Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council">Kensington and Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Thames_London_Borough_Council" title="Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council">Kingston upon Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_London_Borough_Council" title="Lambeth London Borough Council">Lambeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewisham_London_Borough_Council" title="Lewisham London Borough Council">Lewisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merton_London_Borough_Council" title="Merton London Borough Council">Merton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newham_London_Borough_Council" title="Newham London Borough Council">Newham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redbridge_London_Borough_Council" title="Redbridge London Borough Council">Redbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_upon_Thames_London_Borough_Council" title="Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council">Richmond upon Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_London_Borough_Council" title="Southwark London Borough Council">Southwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_London_Borough_Council" title="Sutton London Borough Council">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_London_Borough_Council" title="Tower Hamlets London Borough Council">Tower Hamlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham_Forest_London_Borough_Council" title="Waltham Forest London Borough Council">Waltham Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_London_Borough_Council" title="Wandsworth London Borough Council">Wandsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_City_Council" title="Westminster City Council">Westminster</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Elections <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 London local elections (page does not exist)">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 London local elections (page does not exist)">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_London_local_elections" title="1906 London local elections">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1909_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1909 London local elections (page does not exist)">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1912 London local elections (page does not exist)">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1919_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1919 London local elections (page does not exist)">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1922_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 London local elections (page does not exist)">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1925_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1925 London local elections (page does not exist)">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1928_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1928 London local elections (page does not exist)">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1931 London local elections (page does not exist)">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 London local elections (page does not exist)">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 London local elections (page does not exist)">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1945_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1945 London local elections (page does not exist)">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1949_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1949 London local elections (page does not exist)">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1953_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1953 London local elections (page does not exist)">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1956_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1956 London local elections (page does not exist)">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 London local elections (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1962_London_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1962 London local elections (page does not exist)">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_London_local_elections" title="1964 London local elections">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_London_local_elections" title="1968 London local elections">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_London_local_elections" title="1971 London local elections">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_London_local_elections" title="1974 London local elections">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_London_local_elections" title="1978 London local elections">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_London_local_elections" title="1982 London local elections">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_London_local_elections" title="1986 London local elections">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_London_local_elections" title="1990 London local elections">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_London_local_elections" title="1994 London local elections">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_London_local_elections" title="1998 London local elections">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_London_local_elections" title="2002 London local elections">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_London_local_elections" title="2006 London local elections">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_London_local_elections" title="2010 London local elections">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_London_local_elections" title="2014 London local elections">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_London_local_elections" title="2018 London local elections">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_London_local_elections" title="2022 London local elections">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">London and the United Kingdom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_London" title="Minister for London">Minister for London</a></b> <p><i>Vacant</i> </p> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_constituencies_in_London" title="Parliamentary constituencies in London">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Government_Act_1963" title="London Government Act 1963">London Government Act 1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord-Lieutenant_of_Greater_London" title="Lord-Lieutenant of Greater London">Lord-Lieutenant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Olisa" title="Ken Olisa">Ken Olisa</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>London</i> as a <a href="/wiki/Metonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Metonym">metonym</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li>Members of Parliament <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Conservative_Party_MPs_in_London" title="List of Conservative Party MPs in London">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Labour_Party_MPs_in_London" title="List of Labour Party MPs in London">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Liberal_Democrat_Party_MPs_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Liberal Democrat Party MPs in London">Liberal Democrat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_independence" title="London independence">London independence</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/9px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/14px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/19px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="427" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:London" title="Portal:London">London</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_England" title="Politics of England">Politics of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_arms_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/130px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/195px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/260px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">The Crown</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarch</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_British_throne" title="Succession to the British throne">Heir Apparent</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">Republicanism in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Governance_of_England" title="Governance of England">Governance</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Legislative</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Speaker" title="Lord Speaker">Lord Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_McFall,_Baron_McFall_of_Alcluith" title="John McFall, Baron McFall of Alcluith">The Lord McFall of Alcluith</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Reform of the House of Lords">Reform of the House of Lords</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Hoyle" title="Lindsay Hoyle">Sir Lindsay Hoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_England_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in England (2024–present)">MPs for England Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Affairs_Committee" title="Regional Affairs Committee">Regional Affairs Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_England" title="Elections in England">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">UK General Elections in England</div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="First Parliament of the United Kingdom">1801 co-option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1802_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1802 United Kingdom general election">1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1806_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1806 United Kingdom general election">1806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1807_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1807 United Kingdom general election">1807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1812 United Kingdom general election">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1818_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1818 United Kingdom general election">1818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1820 United Kingdom general election">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1826_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1826 United Kingdom general election">1826</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1830_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1830 United Kingdom general election">1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1831 United Kingdom general election">1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1832 United Kingdom general election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1835 United Kingdom general election">1835</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1837_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1837 United Kingdom general election">1837</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1841_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1841 United Kingdom general election">1841</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1847_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1847 United Kingdom general election">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1852 United Kingdom general election">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1857_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1857 United Kingdom general election">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1859 United Kingdom general election">1859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1865 United Kingdom general election">1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1868 United Kingdom general election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1874 United Kingdom general election">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1880 United Kingdom general election">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1885 United Kingdom general election">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1886 United Kingdom general election">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1892 United Kingdom general election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1895 United Kingdom general election">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1900 United Kingdom general election">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910 (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910 (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1923 United Kingdom general election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1924 United Kingdom general election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1929 United Kingdom general election">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1931 United Kingdom general election">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1935 United Kingdom general election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1945 United Kingdom general election">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1950 United Kingdom general election">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1951 United Kingdom general election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1955 United Kingdom general election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1964 United Kingdom general election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1966 United Kingdom general election">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="February 1974 United Kingdom general election">1974 (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="October 1974 United Kingdom general election">1974 (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1979 United Kingdom general election in England">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1983 United Kingdom general election in England">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1987 United Kingdom general election in England">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1992 United Kingdom general election in England">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1997 United Kingdom general election in England">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2001 United Kingdom general election in England">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2005 United Kingdom general election in England">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2010 United Kingdom general election in England">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2015 United Kingdom general election in England">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2017 United Kingdom general election in England">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2019 United Kingdom general election in England">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2024 United Kingdom general election in England">2024</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_England_and_Wales" title="Judiciary of England and Wales">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King-on-the-Bench" class="mw-redirect" title="King-on-the-Bench">King-on-the-Bench</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Reed,_Baron_Reed_of_Allermuir" title="Robert Reed, Baron Reed of Allermuir">The Lord Reed of Allermuir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_England_and_Wales" title="Courts of England and Wales">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English Law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Regions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">Administration</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_England" title="History of local government in England">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_England" title="Subdivisions of England">Subdivisions</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">Metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">Non-metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greater London</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authorities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template:Unitary authorities of England">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts" title="List of English districts">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan Borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">Non-metropolitan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough" class="mw-redirect" title="London Borough">London Borough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_authorities_and_combined_county_authorities" title="Combined authorities and combined county authorities">Combined authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoral_Council_for_England" title="Mayoral Council for England">Mayoral Council for England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes in England">Civil parishes</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_England" title="List of civil parishes in England">list</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_England" title="Category:Politics of England">Category</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England portal</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_England" title="Template:Politics of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_England" title="Template talk:Politics of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greater_London_Authority_2">Greater London Authority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Greater London Authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Greater London is under the strategic local governance of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> (GLA).<sup id="cite_ref-jones_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jones-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of an elected assembly, the <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a>, and an executive head, the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guide_arden_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide_arden-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current Mayor (not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_the_City_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Mayor of the City of London">Lord Mayor of London</a>) is <a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Sadiq Khan</a>. He is scrutinised by the elected <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a>, which may amend his annual budget (by two-thirds majority) but otherwise lacks the power to block his directives. The headquarters of the GLA, previously at <a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_London_(Southwark)" title="City Hall, London (Southwark)">City Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southwark" title="Southwark">Southwark</a>, moved to <a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_London_(Newham)" title="City Hall, London (Newham)">The Crystal</a> in <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Newham" title="London Borough of Newham">Newham</a> in January 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mayor is responsible for Greater London's strategic planning and is required to produce or amend the <a href="/wiki/London_Plan" title="London Plan">London Plan</a> each electoral cycle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mayor_of_London">Mayor of London</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mayor of London"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a> is a directly elected politician who, along with the London Assembly, is responsible for the strategic government of Greater London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="London_Assembly">London Assembly</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: London Assembly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_London_Assembly_constituencies" title="List of London Assembly constituencies">List of London Assembly constituencies</a></div> <p>For elections to the <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a>, London is divided into 14 constituencies, each formed from two or three boroughs. The City of London forms part of the <a href="/wiki/City_and_East_(London_Assembly_constituency)" title="City and East (London Assembly constituency)">City and East</a> constituency. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UK_Parliament">UK Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: UK Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in London">List of Parliamentary constituencies in London</a></div> <p>London is divided into 73 Parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Borough_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough constituency">borough constituencies</a>, formed from the combined area of several <a href="/wiki/Ward_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward (politics)">wards</a> from one or more boroughs. Typically a <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">borough</a> is covered by two or three constituencies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Status">Status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The London Region does not have <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status</a> granted by the Crown. The Cities of <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a> within it have received formal city status.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, Greater London is commonly regarded as a city in the general senses of a conurbation and a municipality. A <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Greater_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Lieutenant of Greater London">Lord Lieutenant of Greater London</a> is appointed for its area, excluding the City of London. For the purposes of the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenancies_Act_1997" title="Lieutenancies Act 1997">Lieutenancies Act 1997</a>, this area is defined as a <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_England" title="Counties of England">county</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "London" usually refers to region or to the conurbation, but not often to the ancient, tiny City of London.<sup id="cite_ref-travers_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-travers-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mills_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mills-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That small area is often referred to as "the City" or "the Square Mile" and it forms the main financial district. Archaically, the urbanised area of London was known as the <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a>. In common usage, the terms "London" and "Greater London" are usually used interchangeably.<sup id="cite_ref-travers_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-travers-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greater London is officially divided for some purposes, with varying definitions, into <a href="/wiki/Inner_London" title="Inner London">Inner London</a> and <a href="/wiki/Outer_London" title="Outer London">Outer London</a>. For some strategic planning purposes, it is divided into five <a href="/wiki/List_of_sub-regions_used_in_the_London_Plan" title="List of sub-regions used in the London Plan">sub-regions</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">London boroughs</a></div> <p>Greater London is divided into 32 London Boroughs, each governed by a London Borough council. The <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a> has a unique government dating back to the 12th century and is separate from the county of Greater London, although is still part of the region served by the Greater London Authority.<sup id="cite_ref-travers_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-travers-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All London Borough councils belong to the <a href="/wiki/London_Councils" title="London Councils">London Councils</a> association. Three London Boroughs carry the honorific title of <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Borough">Royal Borough</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea">Kensington and Chelsea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Kingston_upon_Thames" title="Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames">Kingston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Greenwich" title="Royal Borough of Greenwich">Greenwich</a>. Within the City of London are the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_(division)" title="Liberty (division)">liberties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Middle_Temple" title="Middle Temple">Middle Temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inner_Temple" title="Inner Temple">Inner Temple</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media 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div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:600px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:600px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:600px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_London_UK_location_map_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Districts of the London Region is located in Greater London"><img alt="Districts of the London Region is located in Greater London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Greater_London_UK_location_map_2.svg/600px-Greater_London_UK_location_map_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="480" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Greater_London_UK_location_map_2.svg/900px-Greater_London_UK_location_map_2.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Romford" title="Romford">Romford</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.894%;left:28.777%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kingston upon Thames"><img alt="Kingston upon Thames" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Thames" title="Kingston upon Thames">Kingston upon Thames</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.021%;left:23.787%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Harrow"><img alt="Harrow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Harrow" title="London Borough of Harrow">Harrow</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.596%;left:62.872%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bromley"><img alt="Bromley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Bromley" title="Bromley">Bromley</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.383%;left:58.404%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Beckenham"><img alt="Beckenham" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Beckenham" title="Beckenham">Beckenham</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.596%;left:39.362%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wimbledon"><img alt="Wimbledon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon,_London" title="Wimbledon, London">Wimbledon</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.255%;left:60.638%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Greenwich"><img alt="Greenwich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.553%;left:51.734%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Enfield"><img alt="Enfield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Enfield_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfield Town">Enfield</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.915%;left:46.457%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Westminster"><img alt="Westminster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.383%;left:49.468%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="South Bank"><img alt="South Bank" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/South_Bank" title="South Bank">South Bank</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.298%;left:69.734%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ilford"><img alt="Ilford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Ilford" title="Ilford">Ilford</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.936%;left:62.34%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chingford"><img alt="Chingford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Chingford" title="Chingford">Chingford</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.085%;left:45.394%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Camden"><img alt="Camden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Camden_Town" title="Camden Town">Camden</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.809%;left:60.447%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Stratford"><img alt="Stratford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Stratford,_London" title="Stratford, London">Stratford</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.234%;left:53.191%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dalston"><img alt="Dalston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Dalston" title="Dalston">Dalston</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:56.17%;left:28.617%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Richmond"><img alt="Richmond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_London" title="Richmond, London">Richmond</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.894%;left:28.277%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wembley"><img alt="Wembley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Wembley" title="Wembley">Wembley</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.106%;left:15.84%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hayes"><img alt="Hayes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Hayes,_Hillingdon" title="Hayes, Hillingdon">Hayes</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.213%;left:9.809%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uxbridge"><img alt="Uxbridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Uxbridge" title="Uxbridge">Uxbridge</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.085%;left:53.021%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tottenham"><img alt="Tottenham" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Tottenham" title="Tottenham">Tottenham</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.511%;left:50.83%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="City"><img alt="City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.553%;left:75.362%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bexleyheath"><img alt="Bexleyheath" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Bexleyheath" title="Bexleyheath">Bexleyheath</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.596%;left:31.606%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Edgware"><img alt="Edgware" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Edgware" title="Edgware">Edgware</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.957%;left:87.362%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Upminster"><img alt="Upminster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Upminster" title="Upminster">Upminster</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.638%;left:67.883%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Woolwich"><img alt="Woolwich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Woolwich" title="Woolwich">Woolwich</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:75.404%;left:39.755%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sutton"><img alt="Sutton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Sutton,_London" title="Sutton, London">Sutton</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.447%;left:28.106%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ealing"><img alt="Ealing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Ealing" title="Ealing">Ealing</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.872%;left:23.33%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hounslow"><img alt="Hounslow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Hounslow" title="Hounslow">Hounslow</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.085%;left:40.213%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Barnet"><img alt="Barnet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Chipping_Barnet" title="Chipping Barnet">Barnet</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.298%;left:69.149%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Barking"><img alt="Barking" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Barking,_London" title="Barking, London">Barking</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.383%;left:58.766%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Walthamstow"><img alt="Walthamstow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Walthamstow" title="Walthamstow">Walthamstow</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.009%;left:60.067%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lewisham"><img alt="Lewisham" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Lewisham" title="Lewisham">Lewisham</a></b></div></div></div></div><div style="font-size:91%;padding-top:3px">Districts of the London Region (Greater London)</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_London" title="Demographics of London">Demographics of London</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid 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title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="float:right; text-align:right; margin:1em;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_census,_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom census, 2021">2021 United Kingdom Census</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pop2021_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pop2021-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Country of birth </th> <th scope="col">Population </th> <th scope="col">% </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> United Kingdom </th> <td>5,223,986 </td> <td>59.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian">India</a> </th> <td>322,644 </td> <td>3.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romanians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Romanians in the United Kingdom">Romania</a> </th> <td>175,991 </td> <td>2.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poles in the United Kingdom">Poland</a> </th> <td>149,397 </td> <td>1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshi" class="mw-redirect" title="British Bangladeshi">Bangladesh</a> </th> <td>138,895 </td> <td>1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">Pakistan</a> </th> <td>129,774 </td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Italians in the United Kingdom">Italy</a> </th> <td>126,059 </td> <td>1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Nigerian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Nigerian">Nigeria</a> </th> <td>117,145 </td> <td>1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Irish_migration_to_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish migration to Great Britain">Ireland</a> </th> <td>96,566 </td> <td>1.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Sri_Lankans" title="British Sri Lankans">Sri Lanka</a> </th> <td>80,379 </td> <td>0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_migration_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="French migration to the United Kingdom">France</a> </th> <td>77,715 </td> <td>0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica"><img alt="Jamaica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Jamaican" class="mw-redirect" title="British Jamaican">Jamaica</a> </th> <td>75,676 </td> <td>0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Turks" title="British Turks">Turkey</a> </th> <td>72,867 </td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Americans_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Americans in the United Kingdom">United States</a> </th> <td>71,127 </td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spaniards_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Spaniards in the United Kingdom">Spain</a> </th> <td>68,114 </td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia"><img alt="Somalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Somalis in the United Kingdom">Somalia</a> </th> <td>66,288 </td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ghanaians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ghanaians in the United Kingdom">Ghana</a> </th> <td>65,905 </td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya"><img alt="Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kenyan_migration_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan migration to the United Kingdom">Kenya</a> </th> <td>58,020 </td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Portuguese in the United Kingdom">Portugal</a> </th> <td>56,963 </td> <td>0.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Chinese" title="British Chinese">China</a> </th> <td>56,116 </td> <td>0.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Filipinos in the United Kingdom">Philippines</a> </th> <td>54,930 </td> <td>0.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germans_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Germans in the United Kingdom">Germany</a> </th> <td>50,364 </td> <td>0.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Africans_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="South Africans in the United Kingdom">South Africa</a> </th> <td>47,964 </td> <td>0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Afghans_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Afghans in the United Kingdom">Afghanistan</a> </th> <td>47,706 </td> <td>0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuanians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Lithuanians in the United Kingdom">Lithuania</a> </th> <td>45,378 </td> <td>0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Iranians in the United Kingdom">Iran</a> </th> <td>43,852 </td> <td>0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Australians in the United Kingdom">Australia</a> </th> <td>43,418 </td> <td>0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong"><img alt="Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kongers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hong Kongers in the United Kingdom">Hong Kong</a> </th> <td>33,760 </td> <td>0.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iraqis_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqis in the United Kingdom">Iraq</a> </th> <td>30,365 </td> <td>0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canadians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Canadians in the United Kingdom">Canada</a> </th> <td>21,772 </td> <td>0.2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="thumb tright" style="width:45%;max-width:408px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tolworth_tower_gigapixel_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="High resolution view from the top of Tolworth Tower in South West London over the sprawling suburban housing that is typical in some areas of Greater London"><img alt="View from the top of Tolworth tower over the local area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Tolworth_tower_gigapixel_panorama.jpg/400px-Tolworth_tower_gigapixel_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Tolworth_tower_gigapixel_panorama.jpg/600px-Tolworth_tower_gigapixel_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Tolworth_tower_gigapixel_panorama.jpg/800px-Tolworth_tower_gigapixel_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="28000" data-file-height="4762" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Tolworth_tower_gigapixel_panorama.jpg" title="File:Tolworth tower gigapixel panorama.jpg"> </a></div>High resolution view from the top of Tolworth Tower in South West London over the sprawling suburban housing that is typical in some areas of Greater London</div></div></div> <p>With increasing industrialisation, London's population grew rapidly throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, and it was the most populated city in the world until overtaken by New York in 1925. Its population peaked at 8,615,245 in 1939. There were an estimated 7,753,600 official residents<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in mid-2009.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="These dates and these figures are not in the source (January 2020)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>London's wider metropolitan area has a population of between 12 and 13 million depending on the definition of that area. According to Eurostat, London has been the most populous city and <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan</a> area of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. </p><p>The region covers an area of 1,579 square kilometres. The population density is 4,761 people per square kilometre, more than ten times that of any other British region. In terms of population, London is the 25th largest city and the 17th largest metropolitan region in the world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (June 2016)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> It is ranked 4th in the world in the number of US dollar billionaires residing in the city. It ranks as one of the most expensive cities in the world, alongside <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2001 UK Census, 71.15% of the population classed their ethnic group as White, including White British (59.79%), White Irish (3.07%) or "Other White" (8.29%, mostly Greek-Cypriot, Italian, Polish and Portuguese). 12.09% classed themselves as British Asian, including Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and "Other Asian" (mostly Sri Lankan, Arab and other Southern Asian ethnicities). 10.91% classed themselves as Black British (around 6% as Black African, 4% as Black Caribbean, 0.84% as "Other Black"). 3.15% were of mixed race; 1.12% as Chinese; and 1.58% as other (mostly Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese and other "British Orientals"). 21.8% of inhabitants were born outside the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. Irish people, from both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, number about 200,000, as do the Scots and Welsh combined. </p><p>In January 2005, a survey of London's ethnic and religious diversity claimed that there were more than 300 languages spoken and more than 50 non-indigenous communities with a population of more than 10,000. Figures from the Office for National Statistics show that in 2006 London's foreign-born population was 2,288,000 (31%), up from 1,630,000 in 1997. The 2001 UK Census showed that 27.1% of the population were born outside the UK, and a slightly higher proportion were classed as Non-White. </p><p>In the 2011 UK Census, 59.79% of the population classed their ethnic group as White, including White British (44.89%), White Irish (2.15%) or "Other White" (12.65%, mostly Greek-Cypriot, Italian, Polish, Spanish, Colombians and Portuguese). 18.49% classed themselves as British Asian, including Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and "Other Asian" (mostly Sri Lankan, Arab and other Southern Asian ethnicities). 13.32% classed themselves as Black British (7% as Black African, 4.22% as Black Caribbean, 2.08% as "Other Black"). 4.96% were of mixed race; and 3.44% as other (mostly Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese and other "British Orientals"). </p><p>The table shows the top 21 countries of birth of residents in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Pop2001_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pop2001-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These figures do not give a fair indication of the total population of the specific ethnic groups associated with each country. For example, Londoners of Greek origin (from both Greece and Cyprus) number 300,000, since an organised Greek community has been established for nearly two centuries. The same can be said for Italian and French Londoners whose communities have been here for centuries (the French Embassy estimates there are between 300,000 and 400,000 French citizens living in the UK, with "a huge majority of them living in London").<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though a Polish community has existed in London since the late-Middle Ages, it was not significant in the 2001 Census but has grown significantly since 2004, when Poland joined the European Union and by June 2010; London had 122,000 Polish residents.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German-born population figure may be misleading, however, because it includes British nationals born to parents serving in the British armed forces in Germany. </p><p>London has been a focus for immigration for centuries, whether as a place of safety or for economic reasons. <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenots</a>, Eastern European Jews, Cypriots and East African Asians are examples of the former; Irish, Bangladeshis and West Indians of the latter. The <a href="/wiki/East_End" class="mw-redirect" title="East End">East End</a> district around <a href="/wiki/Spitalfields" title="Spitalfields">Spitalfields</a> has been first home for several ethnic groups, which have subsequently moved elsewhere in London as they gained prosperity. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Ethnic group </th> <th colspan="2">2001<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2011<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2021<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">White: <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">British</a></td> <td>4,287,861</td> <td>59.79%</td> <td>3,669,284</td> <td>44.89%</td> <td>3,239,281</td> <td>36.81% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">White: <a href="/wiki/White_Irish" title="White Irish">Irish</a></td> <td>220,488</td> <td>3.07%</td> <td>175,974</td> <td>2.15%</td> <td>156,333</td> <td>1.78% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">White: <a href="/wiki/White:_Gypsy_or_Irish_Traveller" title="White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller">Gypsy or Irish Traveller</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>8,196</td> <td>0.10%</td> <td>7,031</td> <td>0.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">White: Roma<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td colspan="4" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>37,689</td> <td>0.43% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">White: <a href="/wiki/Other_White" title="Other White">Other</a></td> <td>594,854</td> <td>8.29%</td> <td>1,033,981</td> <td>12.65%</td> <td>1,290,838</td> <td>14.67% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><b><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a>: subtotal</b></th> <th><b>5,103,203</b></th> <th><b>71.15%</b></th> <th><b>4,887,435</b></th> <th><b>59.79%</b></th> <th>4,731,172</th> <th><b>53.76%</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian">Indian</a></td> <td>436,993</td> <td>6.09%</td> <td>542,857</td> <td>6.64%</td> <td>656,272</td> <td>7.46% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="British Pakistani">Pakistani</a></td> <td>142,749</td> <td>1.99%</td> <td>223,797</td> <td>2.74%</td> <td>290,549</td> <td>3.30% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshi" class="mw-redirect" title="British Bangladeshi">Bangladeshi</a></td> <td>153,893</td> <td>2.15%</td> <td>222,127</td> <td>2.72%</td> <td>322,054</td> <td>3.66% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Chinese" title="British Chinese">Chinese</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>80,201</td> <td>1.12%</td> <td>124,250</td> <td>1.52%</td> <td>147,520</td> <td>1.68% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Asian or Asian British: Other Asian</td> <td>133,058</td> <td>1.86%</td> <td>398,515</td> <td>4.88%</td> <td>401,245</td> <td>4.56% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><b>Asian or <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian British</a>: subtotal</b></th> <th><b>946,894</b></th> <th><b>13.20%</b></th> <th><b>1,511,546</b></th> <th><b>18.49%</b></th> <th><b>1,817,640</b></th> <th><b>20.66%</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Black or Black British: African</td> <td>378,933</td> <td>5.28%</td> <td>573,931</td> <td>7.02%</td> <td>697,054</td> <td>7.92% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_people" title="British African-Caribbean people">Caribbean</a></td> <td>343,567</td> <td>4.79%</td> <td>344,597</td> <td>4.22%</td> <td>345,405</td> <td>3.93% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Black or Black British: Other Black</td> <td>60,349</td> <td>0.84%</td> <td>170,112</td> <td>2.08%</td> <td>145,911</td> <td>1.66% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><b>Black or <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black British</a>: subtotal</b></th> <th><b>782,849</b></th> <th><b>10.92%</b></th> <th><b>1,088,640</b></th> <th><b>13.32%</b></th> <th>1,188,370</th> <th><b>13.50%</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Mixed: White and Black Caribbean</td> <td>70,928</td> <td>0.99%</td> <td>119,425</td> <td>1.46%</td> <td>132,555</td> <td>1.51% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Mixed: <a href="/wiki/Mixed_White_and_Black_African_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mixed White and Black African people in the United Kingdom">White and Black African</a></td> <td>34,182</td> <td>0.48%</td> <td>65,479</td> <td>0.80%</td> <td>77,341</td> <td>0.88% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Mixed: White and Asian</td> <td>59,944</td> <td>0.84%</td> <td>101,500</td> <td>1.24%</td> <td>125,188</td> <td>1.42% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Mixed: Other Mixed</td> <td>61,057</td> <td>0.85%</td> <td>118,875</td> <td>1.45%</td> <td>170,691</td> <td>1.94% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><b><a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a>: subtotal</b></th> <th><b>226,111</b></th> <th><b>3.15%</b></th> <th><b>405,279</b></th> <th><b>4.96%</b></th> <th>505,775</th> <th><b>5.75%</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Other: <a href="/wiki/British_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="British Arab">Arab</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>106,020</td> <td>1.30%</td> <td>139,791</td> <td>1.59% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Other: Any other ethnic group</td> <td>113,034</td> <td>1.58%</td> <td>175,021</td> <td>2.14%</td> <td>416,977</td> <td>4.74% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><b>Other: subtotal</b></th> <th><b>113,034</b></th> <th><b>1.58%</b></th> <th><b>281,041</b></th> <th><b>3.44%</b></th> <th>556,768</th> <th><b>6.33%</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><b>Total</b></th> <th><b>7,172,091</b></th> <th><b>100.00%</b></th> <th><b>8,173,941</b></th> <th><b>100.00%</b></th> <th><b>8,799,725</b></th> <th><b>100.00%</b> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">New category created for the 2011 census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto2_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New category created for the 2021 census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 2001, listed under the 'Other ethnic group' heading.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_London" title="Demographics of London">Demographics of London</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_London_population.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Greater_London_population.png/400px-Greater_London_population.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Greater_London_population.png/600px-Greater_London_population.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Greater_London_population.png/800px-Greater_London_population.png 2x" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="572" /></a><figcaption>Greater London population from 1880 to 2016<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-data.london.gov.uk_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data.london.gov.uk-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The population of the current area of Greater London rose from about 1.1 million in 1801 (when only about 850,000 people were in the urban area, while 250,000 were living in villages and towns not yet part of London) to an estimated 8.6 million in 1939, but declined to 6.7 million in 1988, before starting to rebound in the 1990s. </p><p>By 2006, the population had recovered to the level of 1970 (and the level of population in the 1920s). It has now surpassed the previous 1939 peak, and is over 9 million. </p><p>Figures here are for Greater London in its 2001 boundaries. Figures before 1971 have been reconstructed by the Office for National Statistics based on past censuses to fit the 2001 boundaries. Figures from 1981 onward are mid-year estimates (revised in August 2007), which are more accurate than the censuses, known to underestimate the population of London. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>1891 </td> <td>5–6 April </td> <td>5,572,012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1901 </td> <td>31 March – 1 April </td> <td>6,506,954 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1911 </td> <td>2–3 April </td> <td>7,160,525 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1921 </td> <td>19–20 June </td> <td>7,386,848 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1931 </td> <td>26–27 April </td> <td>8,110,480 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1939 </td> <td>Mid-year estimate </td> <td>8,615,245 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951 </td> <td>8–9 April </td> <td>8,196,978 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td>23–24 April </td> <td>7,992,616 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>1965</i> </td> <td colspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/London_Government_Act_1963" title="London Government Act 1963">Greater London formally created</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971 </td> <td>25–26 April </td> <td>7,452,520 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td>Mid-year estimate </td> <td>6,805,000<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988 </td> <td>Mid-year estimate </td> <td>6,729,300<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td>Mid-year estimate </td> <td>6,829,300<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td>Mid-year estimate </td> <td>7,322,400<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td>Mid-year estimate </td> <td>7,361,600<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td>Mid-year estimate </td> <td>7,364,100<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td>Mid-year estimate </td> <td>7,389,100<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>Mid-year estimate </td> <td>7,456,100<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>Mid-year estimate </td> <td>7,512,400<sup id="cite_ref-Greater_London_population_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greater_London_population-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td>Mid-year estimate </td> <td>7,753,600<sup id="cite_ref-Greater_London_population_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greater_London_population-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>Mid-year estimate </td> <td>8,416,535<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>Mid-year estimate </td> <td>8,546,761<sup id="cite_ref-ons-mid2014_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ons-mid2014-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>Mid-year estimate </td> <td>8,798,957<sup id="cite_ref-data.london.gov.uk_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data.london.gov.uk-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Regional_Profile_of_London_(as_of_2013).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Regional_Profile_of_London_%28as_of_2013%29.png/220px-Regional_Profile_of_London_%28as_of_2013%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="444" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Regional_Profile_of_London_%28as_of_2013%29.png/330px-Regional_Profile_of_London_%28as_of_2013%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Regional_Profile_of_London_%28as_of_2013%29.png/440px-Regional_Profile_of_London_%28as_of_2013%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2917" data-file-height="5886" /></a><figcaption>A profile of the economy of London in 2013</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_London" title="Economy of London">Economy of London</a></div> <p>This is a chart of trend of regional <a href="/wiki/Gross_value_added" title="Gross value added">gross value added</a> (GVA) of Inner London at current basic prices <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071201002538/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf">published</a> (pp. 240–253) by <i>Office for National Statistics</i> with figures in millions of British pounds sterling. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Regional Gross Value Added<sup id="cite_ref-fn_4_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn_4-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_London" title="Agriculture in London">Agriculture</a><sup id="cite_ref-fn_1_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn_1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Industry<sup id="cite_ref-fn_2_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn_2-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Services<sup id="cite_ref-fn_3_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn_3-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td><b>64,616</b> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8,147 </td> <td>56,461 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td><b>92,330</b> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>10,094 </td> <td>82,229 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td><b>112,090</b> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>10,154 </td> <td>101,924 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a> data shows the GDP of Inner London to be 232 billion euros in 2009<sup id="cite_ref-epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and per capita GDP of 78,000 euros. </p><p>This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Outer London at current basic prices <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071201002538/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf">published</a> (pp. 240–253) by <i>Office for National Statistics</i> with figures in millions of British pounds sterling. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Regional Gross Value Added<sup id="cite_ref-fn_4_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn_4-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Agriculture<sup id="cite_ref-fn_1_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn_1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Industry<sup id="cite_ref-fn_2_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn_2-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Services<sup id="cite_ref-fn_3_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn_3-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td><b>44,160</b> </td> <td>51 </td> <td>10,801 </td> <td>33,307 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td><b>60,304</b> </td> <td>43 </td> <td>12,529 </td> <td>47,732 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td>69,420 </td> <td>69 </td> <td>13,081 </td> <td>54,462 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a> data shows the GDP of Outer London to be 103 billion euros in 2009<sup id="cite_ref-epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and per capita GDP of 21,460 euros. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_London" title="Religion in London">Religion in London</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_and_cathedrals_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="List of churches and cathedrals of London">List of churches and cathedrals of London</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster_abbey_west.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Westminster_abbey_west.jpg/220px-Westminster_abbey_west.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Westminster_abbey_west.jpg/330px-Westminster_abbey_west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Westminster_abbey_west.jpg/440px-Westminster_abbey_west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>. A <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> and location of the coronation of <a href="/wiki/British_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="British monarchs">British monarchs</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The largest religious groupings are Christian (48.4%), <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> (8.4%), <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> (8.0%), <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> (1.8%), <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> (1.5%), and <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> (1.0%), alongside those of <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a> (21.7%). The United Kingdom has traditionally been Christian, and London has a large number of churches, particularly in the city. <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a> in the City and <a href="/wiki/Southwark_Cathedral" title="Southwark Cathedral">Southwark Cathedral</a> south of the river are <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> administrative centres, while the clerical head of the Church of England and the worldwide <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, has his main residence at <a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Palace" title="Lambeth Palace">Lambeth Palace</a> in the <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Lambeth" title="London Borough of Lambeth">London Borough of Lambeth</a>. </p><p>Important national and royal ceremonies are shared between St Paul's and <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>. The Abbey is not to be confused with nearby <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Westminster Cathedral">Westminster Cathedral</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> cathedral in England and Wales. Religious practice in London is lower than in any other part of the UK or Western Europe and is around seven times lower than American averages. Despite the prevalence of Anglican churches, weekly observance is low within that <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">denomination</a>, although in recent years <a href="/wiki/Church_attendance" title="Church attendance">church attendance</a>, particularly at <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical</a> Anglican churches in London, has started to increase. </p><p>London is home to sizeable Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Muslim and Jewish communities. Many Muslims live in <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets">Tower Hamlets</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Newham" title="London Borough of Newham">Newham</a>; the most important Muslim buildings are the <a href="/wiki/East_London_Mosque" title="East London Mosque">East London Mosque</a> in Whitechapel and the <a href="/wiki/London_Central_Mosque" title="London Central Mosque">London Central Mosque</a> on the edge of <a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_Park" title="Regent's Park">Regent's Park</a>. London's large Hindu community is in the north-western boroughs of Harrow and Brent, the latter containing one of Europe's largest Hindu temples, <a href="/wiki/BAPS_Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir_London" title="BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London">BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London</a>. </p><p>Sikh communities are in East and West London, particularly <a href="/wiki/Southall" title="Southall">Southall</a> in the western borough of Ealing, which is also home to the largest Sikh temple in the capital. The majority of British Jews live in London, with significant communities in <a href="/wiki/Stamford_Hill" title="Stamford Hill">Stamford Hill</a> (the most <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Jew">Orthodox Jewish</a> area outside New York City and Israel) and <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Wood" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Wood">St. John's Wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golders_Green" title="Golders Green">Golders Green</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edgware" title="Edgware">Edgware</a> in North London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Greater_London" title="Special:EditPage/Greater London">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Publicly funded education has been administered through 33 <a href="/wiki/Local_education_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Local education authority">LEAs</a>, which correspond to the City of London and the 32 London boroughs, since the 1990 enactment of the <a href="/wiki/Education_Reform_Act_1988" title="Education Reform Act 1988">Education Reform Act 1988</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tomlinson_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tomlinson-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1965 to 1990, 12 Inner London boroughs and the City of London were served by the <a href="/wiki/Inner_London_Education_Authority" title="Inner London Education Authority">Inner London Education Authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tomlinson_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tomlinson-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The introduction of <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">comprehensive schools</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Circular_10/65" title="Circular 10/65">Circular 10/65</a> in 1965, was mostly followed in Greater London; however, 19 <a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">grammar schools</a> have been retained in some <a href="/wiki/Outer_London" title="Outer London">Outer London</a> boroughs,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Sutton having the most with five, followed by Bexley with four and others in five other boroughs. In these boroughs the state schools outperform the (relatively few) independent schools. In inner London, private schools always get the best results and are larger in number. At <a href="/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="General Certificate of Secondary Education">GCSE</a> and <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Level_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Level (UK)">A level</a>, Outer London boroughs have broadly better results than <a href="/wiki/Inner_London" title="Inner London">Inner London</a> boroughs.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At GCSE, the best borough is Kingston upon Thames, closely followed by Sutton. Both boroughs have selective schools, and get the top two average GCSE results in England for LEAs. Next is Kensington and Chelsea, the third best in England, then <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Redbridge" title="London Borough of Redbridge">Redbridge</a>, Hammersmith and Fulham, Bromley, Barnet and Harrow. Only ten boroughs have GCSE results under the England average, and some inner-London boroughs have surprisingly good results considering where they lie on the scale of deprivation, e.g. Lambeth. Overall at GCSE in 2009, Greater London had the best results for regions of England. Greater London is generally a prosperous region, and prosperous areas generally have good GCSE results. The City of London has no state schools, just two independent schools. Haringey and Kensington and Chelsea have the most people that pass no GCSEs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At A-level, the average results for LEAs are disappointing compared to their good GCSE results. Although Kingston upon Thames gets the best GCSE results in England, at A-level it is not even above average. Sutton gets the best A-level results in London and in England. Three of the schools in the top four at A-level in London are in Sutton. It has only one independent school. The few other boroughs with above-average A-level results are Havering, Barnet, Bexley, Redbridge, and Ealing. The poor A-level results in many London boroughs is explained by the quantity of independent schools getting good A-level results. The state school system is often bypassed at age 16 by the more able pupils. Some London boroughs need more good sixth form colleges.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The region's 34 <a href="/wiki/Further_education_colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="Further education colleges">further education colleges</a> are funded through the <a href="/wiki/Skills_Funding_Agency" title="Skills Funding Agency">Skills Funding Agency</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Young_People%27s_Learning_Agency" title="Young People's Learning Agency">Young People's Learning Agency</a>. Large colleges include <a href="/wiki/Kingston_College_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingston College (England)">Kingston College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Havering_College_of_Further_and_Higher_Education" title="Havering College of Further and Higher Education">Havering College of Further and Higher Education</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Croydon_College" title="Croydon College">Croydon College</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities">Universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_higher_education_colleges_in_London" title="List of universities and higher education colleges in London">List of universities and higher education colleges in London</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UCL_Portico_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/UCL_Portico_Building.jpg/220px-UCL_Portico_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/UCL_Portico_Building.jpg/330px-UCL_Portico_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/UCL_Portico_Building.jpg/440px-UCL_Portico_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>, a founding constituent of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> has 20 federated colleges and schools. The two main constituents of the University of London are (in order of total funding) <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> (UCL) and <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a> (KCL). <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial College">Imperial College</a> was part of the University of London until 2007, and is now an independent university. UCL, KCL and Imperial have very large research grants – some of the largest in England after <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>, UCL and Imperial receive around £600 million each which is more than twice as much as any other in the region. The next largest institution by funding is <a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary University of London</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/City,_University_of_London" title="City, University of London">City, University of London</a>. London is also home to the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)</a>, one of the few solely social science institutions in the world. Together with UCL and Imperial, they make up the London vertex of the Golden Triangle universities, the other institutions being Oxford and Cambridge. The region has many medical schools although these are part of other institutions such as UCL, KCL and Imperial. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Veterinary_College" title="Royal Veterinary College">Royal Veterinary College</a> is based in <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Camden" title="London Borough of Camden">Camden</a> (with another site in <a href="/wiki/North_Mymms" title="North Mymms">North Mymms</a> in Hertfordshire). </p><p>50% of students come from the region, and around 30% from other regions. Most students from other regions come from <a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East England</a>, the <a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a>, and, to a lesser degree, <a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West England</a>; the vast majority are from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_England" title="Southern England">south of England</a>. Over 50% students native to the region stay in the region, with 15% going to South East England, 30% to either Scotland, Wales or the <a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East</a> and around 5% go elsewhere. London is a draw for UK graduates from all over the UK. </p><p>Over 70% of UK students to graduate from the University of London remain in London; just under 15% go to the South-East, and just over 5% go to the East of England and 10% elsewhere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_cities">Twin cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Twin cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The GLA has twin and sister city agreements with the following cities.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Country</th> <th>City</th> <th>Region</th> <th>Year </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Municipality">Shanghai Municipality</a> </td> <td>2009<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Municipality">Beijing Municipality</a> </td> <td>2006<sup id="cite_ref-CD_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CD-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> </td> <td>2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> </td> <td>Berlin </td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_federal_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian federal city">Russian federal city</a> </td> <td>2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td>2001<sup id="cite_ref-nytwin_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytwin-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> </td> <td>Tokyo </td> <td>2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> </td> <td>City of Zagreb </td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/16px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/24px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/33px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:London" title="Portal:London">London portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/64px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Geographical</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_London" title="Central London">Central London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_London" title="Inner London">Inner London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_London" title="Outer London">Outer London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">London boroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">Greater London Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_commuter_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="London commuter belt">London commuter belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_District" title="Metropolitan Police District">Metropolitan Police District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M25_motorway" title="M25 motorway">M25 motorway</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Political</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Greater_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Lieutenant of Greater London">List of Lord Lieutenants of Greater London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Greater_London" title="High Sheriff of Greater London">List of High Sheriffs of Greater London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Plan" title="London Plan">London Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Historical</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Board_of_Works" title="Metropolitan Board of Works">Metropolitan Board of Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_London" title="County of London">County of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Others</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">Global city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Croydon and Southwark have made several failed applications for <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn_4-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn_4_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn_4_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Components may not sum to totals due to rounding.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn_1-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn_1_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn_1_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Includes hunting and forestry.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn_2-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn_2_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn_2_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Includes energy and construction.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn_3-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn_3_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn_3_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/aboutus/transparencyandgovernance/freedomofinformationfoi/mid2022populationestimatesbylieutenancyareas/1997lieutenancyarea2022estimatesfinal3.xlsx">"Mid-2022 population estimates by Lieutenancy areas (as at 1997) for England and Wales"</a>. <i>Office for National Statistics</i>. 24 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.atitle=Mid-2022+population+estimates+by+Lieutenancy+areas+%28as+at+1997%29+for+England+and+Wales&rft.date=2024-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Ffile%3Furi%3D%2Faboutus%2Ftransparencyandgovernance%2Ffreedomofinformationfoi%2Fmid2022populationestimatesbylieutenancyareas%2F1997lieutenancyarea2022estimatesfinal3.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021_Nomis-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_2021E12000007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021/report?compare=E12000007">"2021 Census Area Profile – London Region (E12000007)"</a>. <i>Nomis</i>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=2021+Census+Area+Profile+%E2%80%93+London+Region+%28E12000007%29&rft.date=2021&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2021%2Freport%3Fcompare%3DE12000007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ONS_mid-year_pop_est-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ONS_mid-year_pop_est_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ONS_mid-year_pop_est_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland/mid2022/mye22final.xlsx">"Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a></i>. 26 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.atitle=Mid-Year+Population+Estimates%2C+UK%2C+June+2022&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Ffile%3Furi%3D%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fpopulationandmigration%2Fpopulationestimates%2Fdatasets%2Fpopulationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland%2Fmid2022%2Fmye22final.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-legislation1963-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-legislation1963_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1963/33/section/2">"London Government Act 1963 - Latest Available"</a>. <i>legislation.gov.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029171402/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1963/33/section/2">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=London+Government+Act+1963+-+Latest+Available&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1963%2F33%2Fsection%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/aboutus/transparencyandgovernance/freedomofinformationfoi/mid2022populationestimatesbylieutenancyareas/1997lieutenancyarea2022estimatesfinal3.xlsx">"Mid-2022 population estimates by Lieutenancy areas (as at 1997) for England and Wales"</a>. <i>Office for National Statistics</i>. 24 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T+08%3A+Quinary+age+group+and+sex+for+local+authorities+in+England+and+Wales%3B+estimated+resident+population+based+on+the+1991+Census%3B+Mid-1981+Population+Estimates.&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=2007-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fstatbase%2Fssdataset.asp%3Fvlnk%3D6802%26More%3DY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=6649&More=Y">"T 08h: Mid-1988 Population Estimates; Quinary age groups and sex for local authorities in England and Wales; estimated resident population revised in light of results of the 2001 Census"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. 22 August 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080627160547/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=6649&More=Y">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T+09a%3A+Mid-1991+Population+Estimates%3B+Quinary+age+groups+and+sex+for+local+authorities+in+the+United+Kingdom%3B+estimated+resident+population&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=2007-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fstatbase%2Fssdataset.asp%3Fvlnk%3D8602%26More%3DY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8531&More=Y">"T 08: Selected age groups for local authorities in the United Kingdom; estimated resident population; revised in light of the local authority population studies; Mid-2001 Population Estimates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. 22 August 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070111083447/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8531&More=Y">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T+08%3A+Selected+age+groups+for+local+authorities+in+the+United+Kingdom%3B+estimated+resident+population%3B+revised+in+light+of+the+local+authority+population+studies%3B+Mid-2001+Population+Estimates&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=2007-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fstatbase%2Fssdataset.asp%3Fvlnk%3D8531%26More%3DY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=9670&More=Y">"T 09L: Quinary age groups and sex for local authorities in the United Kingdom; estimated resident population Mid-2002 Population Estimates; reflecting the revisions due to improved international migration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. 22 August 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090111112530/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=9670&More=Y">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T+09L%3A+Quinary+age+groups+and+sex+for+local+authorities+in+the+United+Kingdom%3B+estimated+resident+population+Mid-2002+Population+Estimates%3B+reflecting+the+revisions+due+to+improved+international+migration&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=2007-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fstatbase%2Fssdataset.asp%3Fvlnk%3D9670%26More%3DY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=9671&More=Y">"T 09m: Quinary age groups and sex for local authorities in the United Kingdom; estimated resident population Mid-2003 Population Estimates; reflecting the revisions due to improved international migration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. 22 August 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090111033101/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=9671&More=Y">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T+09m%3A+Quinary+age+groups+and+sex+for+local+authorities+in+the+United+Kingdom%3B+estimated+resident+population+Mid-2003+Population+Estimates%3B+reflecting+the+revisions+due+to+improved+international+migration&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=2007-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fstatbase%2Fssdataset.asp%3Fvlnk%3D9671%26More%3DY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=9672&More=Y">"T 09n: Quinary age groups and sex for local authorities in the United Kingdom; estimated resident population Mid-2004 Population Estimates; reflecting the revisions due to improved international migration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. 22 August 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090111063252/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=9672&More=Y">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T+09n%3A+Quinary+age+groups+and+sex+for+local+authorities+in+the+United+Kingdom%3B+estimated+resident+population+Mid-2004+Population+Estimates%3B+reflecting+the+revisions+due+to+improved+international+migration&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=2007-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fstatbase%2Fssdataset.asp%3Fvlnk%3D9672%26More%3DY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=9673&More=Y">"T 09p: Quinary age groups and sex for local authorities in the United Kingdom; estimated resident population Mid-2005 Population Estimates; reflecting the revisions due to improved international migration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. 22 August 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090111082621/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=9673&More=Y">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T+09p%3A+Quinary+age+groups+and+sex+for+local+authorities+in+the+United+Kingdom%3B+estimated+resident+population+Mid-2005+Population+Estimates%3B+reflecting+the+revisions+due+to+improved+international+migration&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=2007-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fstatbase%2Fssdataset.asp%3Fvlnk%3D9673%26More%3DY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greater_London_population-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greater_London_population_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greater_London_population_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_270487.pdf">"T 08: 2011 Census – Population and Household Estimates for England and Wales, March 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. 16 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160224091554/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_270487.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T+08%3A+2011+Census+%E2%80%93+Population+and+Household+Estimates+for+England+and+Wales%2C+March+2011&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=2012-07-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Fdcp171778_270487.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/pop-estimate/population-estimates-for-uk--england-and-wales--scotland-and-northern-ireland/2013/rft---mid-2013-uk-population-estimates.zip">"Population Estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, Mid-2013"</a>. 26 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924124521/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/pop-estimate/population-estimates-for-uk--england-and-wales--scotland-and-northern-ireland/2013/rft---mid-2013-uk-population-estimates.zip">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+Estimates+for+UK%2C+England+and+Wales%2C+Scotland+and+Northern+Ireland%2C+Mid-2013&rft.date=2014-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Frel%2Fpop-estimate%2Fpopulation-estimates-for-uk--england-and-wales--scotland-and-northern-ireland%2F2013%2Frft---mid-2013-uk-population-estimates.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ons-mid2014-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ons-mid2014_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/pop-estimate/population-estimates-for-uk--england-and-wales--scotland-and-northern-ireland/mid-2014/rft---mid-2014-uk-population-estimates.zip">"MYE2: Population Estimates by single year of age and sex for local authorities in the UK, mid-2014"</a>. <i>ONS</i>. Office for National Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924124600/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/pop-estimate/population-estimates-for-uk--england-and-wales--scotland-and-northern-ireland/mid-2014/rft---mid-2014-uk-population-estimates.zip">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ONS&rft.atitle=MYE2%3A+Population+Estimates+by+single+year+of+age+and+sex+for+local+authorities+in+the+UK%2C+mid-2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Frel%2Fpop-estimate%2Fpopulation-estimates-for-uk--england-and-wales--scotland-and-northern-ireland%2Fmid-2014%2Frft---mid-2014-uk-population-estimates.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120323192004/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/1-13032012-AP/EN/1-13032012-AP-EN.PDF">"Regional GDP per capita in 2009: seven capital regions in the ten first places"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/1-13032012-AP/EN/1-13032012-AP-EN.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+GDP+per+capita+in+2009%3A+seven+capital+regions+in+the+ten+first+places&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Fcache%2FITY_PUBLIC%2F1-13032012-AP%2FEN%2F1-13032012-AP-EN.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tomlinson-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tomlinson_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tomlinson_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tomlinson, S., <i>Education in a post-welfare society</i>, (2001)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BBC News – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/2763973.stm">What future for grammar schools?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011225743/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/2763973.stm">Archived</a> 11 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 15 February 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">OFSTED, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/assets/Internet_Content/Shared_Content/Files/imp_lndndschls_0006.pdf">Improvements in London schools 2000–06</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070605063517/http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/assets/Internet_Content/Shared_Content/Files/imp_lndndschls_0006.pdf">Archived</a> 5 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, (2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Mayor of London's City Partnerships <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/international/city_partnerships/partnerships.jsp">webpage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927235746/http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/international/city_partnerships/partnerships.jsp">Archived</a> 27 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinese-embassy.org.uk/eng/zygx/dfjl/t693273.htm">Sister City Relationships between China and the United Kingdom</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190311154351/http://www.chinese-embassy.org.uk/eng/zygx/dfjl/t693273.htm">Archived</a> 11 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, Chinese Embassy, 16 July 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CD-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CD_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2006-04/11/content_565439.htm">Beijing, London to be sister cities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215124238/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2006-04/11/content_565439.htm">Archived</a> 15 December 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <a href="/wiki/China_Daily" title="China Daily">China Daily</a>, 11 April 2006. Retrieved on 6 June 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytwin-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytwin_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070114043209/http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/sc/london_main.shtml">"Sister City – London"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">nyc.gov</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/sc/london_main.shtml">the original</a> on 14 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sister+City+%E2%80%93+London&rft.pub=nyc.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Funccp%2Fscp%2Fhtml%2Fsc%2Flondon_main.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Greater London</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, Kent</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Kingdom_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Kingdom_topics" title="Template:United Kingdom topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Kingdom_topics" title="Template talk:United Kingdom topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Kingdom_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Kingdom topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Kingdom_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the United Kingdom">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_British_history" title="Timeline of British history">Chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formation_of_the_United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland">Formation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_England_and_Scotland_Act_1603" title="Union of England and Scotland Act 1603">Union of England and Scotland Act 1603</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_with_Scotland_(Amendment)_Act_1707" title="Union with Scotland (Amendment) Act 1707">Union with Scotland (Amendment) Act 1707</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_era" title="Georgian era">Georgian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interwar_Britain" title="Interwar Britain">Interwar</a></li> <li>Second World War <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">civilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">military</a></li></ul></li> <li>Postwar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postwar_Britain_(1945%E2%80%931979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Postwar Britain (1945–1979)">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_Postwar_Britain_(1945%E2%80%931979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social history of Postwar Britain (1945–1979)">social</a></li></ul></li> <li>Since 1979 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)" title="Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)" title="Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">social</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic history of the United Kingdom">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">1814–1919</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of law enforcement in the United Kingdom">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Maritime history of the United Kingdom">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mass_surveillance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of mass surveillance in the United Kingdom">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Military history of the United Kingdom">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of taxation in the United Kingdom">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of women in the United Kingdom">Women's history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geography of the United Kingdom">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Administrative geography of the United Kingdom">Administrative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Counties of the United Kingdom">Counties of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Countries of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of towns in the United Kingdom">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_that_have_gained_independence_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom">Former colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geography of the United Kingdom">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_the_British_Isles" title="Terminology of the British Isles">terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate of the United Kingdom">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate change in the United Kingdom">change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastline_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Coastline of the United Kingdom">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Great_Britain" title="Geology of Great Britain">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_and_lochs_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of lakes and lochs of the United Kingdom">Lakes and lochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains_and_hills_in_the_British_Isles" title="Lists of mountains and hills in the British Isles">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of rivers of the United Kingdom">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of volcanoes in the United Kingdom">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_renewable_resources_produced_and_traded_by_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of renewable resources produced and traded by the United Kingdom">Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Agriculture in the United Kingdom">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Energy in the United Kingdom">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodiesel in the United Kingdom">biodiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Coal mining in the United Kingdom">coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geothermal power in the United Kingdom">geothermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom">hydraulic frac.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hydroelectricity in the United Kingdom">hydroelectricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom#Ocean_power" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Solar power in the United Kingdom">solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wind power in the United Kingdom">wind</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fishing <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_England" title="Fishing industry in England">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Wales" title="Fishing industry in Wales">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_shooting_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom">Hunting</a></li> <li>Materials <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Forestry in the United Kingdom">forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mining in the United Kingdom">mining</a></li></ul></li> <li>Wildlife <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Great_Britain" title="Fauna of Great Britain">fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Flora of Great Britain and Ireland">flora</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constitution of the United Kingdom">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Corruption in the United Kingdom">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_parliamentary_by-elections" title="UK parliamentary by-elections">By-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Human rights in the United Kingdom">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United Kingdom">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Judiciaries of the United Kingdom">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law of the United Kingdom">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law enforcement in the United Kingdom">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local government in the United Kingdom">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">republicanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_leaders_of_British_political_parties" title="List of female leaders of British political parties">Female party leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_scandals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political scandals in the United Kingdom">Political scandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_(United_Kingdom)" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom)">Shadow Cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_governments" title="List of British governments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_(United_Kingdom)" title="Civil Service (United Kingdom)">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_the_Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunak_ministry" title="Sunak ministry">Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of government ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" title="His Majesty's Naval Service">His Majesty's Naval Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="United Kingdom and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of banks in the United Kingdom">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Budget of the United Kingdom">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic geography of the United Kingdom">Economic geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Income in the United Kingdom">Income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Manufacturing in the United Kingdom">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Science and technology in the United Kingdom">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges_in_the_United_Kingdom,_the_British_Crown_Dependencies_and_United_Kingdom_Overseas_Territories" title="List of stock exchanges in the United Kingdom, the British Crown Dependencies and United Kingdom Overseas Territories">Stock exchanges</a> (<a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Exchange</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Taxation in the United Kingdom">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tourism in the United Kingdom">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transport in the United Kingdom">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Air transport in the United Kingdom">Air transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus transport">Bus transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Driving in the United Kingdom">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Roads in the United Kingdom">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the United Kingdom">Rail transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Society of the United Kingdom">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cannabis in the United Kingdom">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Crime in the United Kingdom">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Demographics of the United Kingdom">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Drug policy of the United Kingdom">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Education in the United Kingdom">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_inequality_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Environmental inequality in the United Kingdom">Environmental inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Environmental issues in the United Kingdom">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Health in the United Kingdom">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Homelessness in the United Kingdom">Homelessness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_England" title="Homelessness in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Scotland" title="Homelessness in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Housing in the United Kingdom">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunger in the United Kingdom">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_immigration_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="Modern immigration to the United Kingdom">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_innovations_and_discoveries" title="List of British innovations and discoveries">Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Languages of the United Kingdom">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_regions_by_life_expectancy" title="List of British regions by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mental health in the United Kingdom">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poverty in the United Kingdom">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prostitution in the United Kingdom">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Public holidays in the United Kingdom">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Racism in the United Kingdom">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_care_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social care in the United Kingdom">Social care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social class in the United Kingdom">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Suicide in the United Kingdom">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Universal basic income in the United Kingdom">Universal basic income (UBI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Waste in the United Kingdom">Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Welfare state in the United Kingdom">Welfare state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Culture of the United Kingdom">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Art of the United Kingdom">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wine_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wine from the United Kingdom">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_national_identity" title="British national identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_literature" title="British literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mass media in the United Kingdom">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Music of the United Kingdom">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sport in the United Kingdom">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_symbols_of_the_United_Kingdom,_the_Channel_Islands_and_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of national symbols of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Theatre of the United Kingdom">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_the_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereotypes of the British">Stereotypes of the British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Countries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_society" title="English society">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_English_history" title="Timeline of English history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_England" title="Geography of England">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_England" title="Politics of England">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_England" title="Economy of England">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_England" title="Tourism in England">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_England" title="Education in England">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_England" title="Healthcare in England">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_England" title="Homelessness in England">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_England" title="Culture of England">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_England" title="National symbols of England">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" title="History of Northern Ireland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland#Geography_and_climate" title="Northern Ireland">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_and_deputy_First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland">First Minister and deputy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Law of Northern Ireland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Economy of Northern Ireland">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Ireland" title="List of tourist attractions in Ireland">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Education in Northern Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Social_Care_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Health and Social Care (Northern Ireland)">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Culture of Northern Ireland">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Religion in Northern Ireland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland#Symbols" title="Northern Ireland">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Scottish_history" title="Timeline of Scottish history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Scotland" title="Geography of Scotland">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland" title="Education in Scotland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Scotland" title="Healthcare in Scotland">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Scotland" title="Homelessness in Scotland">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Scotland" title="National symbols of Scotland">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wales" title="History of Wales">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Wales" title="Geography of Wales">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Wales" title="Politics of Wales">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Wales" title="First Minister of Wales">First Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wales" title="Economy of Wales">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Wales" title="Tourism in Wales">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Wales" title="Education in Wales">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Wales" title="Healthcare in Wales">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Wales" title="National symbols of Wales">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Outline of the United Kingdom">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_United_Kingdom%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of United Kingdom–related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_Kingdom" title="Category:United Kingdom">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=England&#124;link=England_Regions_of_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English_regions" title="Template:English regions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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/></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Regions of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=England&#124;link=England_Subdivisions_of_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subdivisions_of_England" title="Template:Subdivisions of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li 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county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">Metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">Non-metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greater London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">Civil parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">Non-metropolitan district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">London borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authority</a> <ul><li>sui generis <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1974–1996_←_Ceremonial_counties_of_England_→_current" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:England_counties" title="Template:England counties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:England_counties" title="Template talk:England counties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:England_counties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:England counties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1974–1996_←_Ceremonial_counties_of_England_→_current" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><small><a href="/wiki/Template:England_counties/1974" title="Template:England counties/1974">1974–1996</a></small> ←   <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial counties of England</a>   → <small>current</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greater London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicestershire" title="Leicestershire">Leicestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Nottinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire" title="South Yorkshire">South Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governance_of_Greater_London" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governance_of_Greater_London" title="Template:Governance of Greater London"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governance_of_Greater_London" title="Template talk:Governance of Greater London"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governance_of_Greater_London" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governance of Greater London"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governance_of_Greater_London" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Governance of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greater London</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greater London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>City of London <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_the_City_of_London" title="Lord Lieutenant of the City of London">Lord Lieutenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_of_the_City_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheriffs of the City of London">Sheriffs</a></li></ul></li> <li>Greater London <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord-Lieutenant_of_Greater_London" title="Lord-Lieutenant of Greater London">Lord Lieutenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Greater_London" title="High Sheriff of Greater London">High Sheriff</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/London_Councils" title="London Councils">London Councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">Boroughs</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_London_boroughs" title="List of London boroughs">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Barking_and_Dagenham" title="London Borough of Barking and Dagenham">Barking and Dagenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Barnet" title="London Borough of Barnet">Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Bexley" title="London Borough of Bexley">Bexley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Brent" title="London Borough of Brent">Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Bromley" title="London Borough of Bromley">Bromley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Camden" title="London Borough of Camden">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Croydon" title="London Borough of Croydon">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Ealing" title="London Borough of Ealing">Ealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Enfield" title="London Borough of Enfield">Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Greenwich" title="Royal Borough of Greenwich">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hackney" title="London Borough of Hackney">Hackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hammersmith_and_Fulham" title="London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham">Hammersmith and Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Haringey" title="London Borough of Haringey">Haringey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Harrow" title="London Borough of Harrow">Harrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Havering" title="London Borough of Havering">Havering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hillingdon" title="London Borough of Hillingdon">Hillingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hounslow" title="London Borough of Hounslow">Hounslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Islington" title="London Borough of Islington">Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea">Kensington and Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Kingston_upon_Thames" title="Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames">Kingston upon Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Lambeth" title="London Borough of Lambeth">Lambeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Lewisham" title="London Borough of Lewisham">Lewisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Merton" title="London Borough of Merton">Merton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Newham" title="London Borough of Newham">Newham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Redbridge" title="London Borough of Redbridge">Redbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Richmond upon Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Southwark" title="London Borough of Southwark">Southwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Sutton" title="London Borough of Sutton">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets">Tower Hamlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Waltham_Forest" title="London Borough of Waltham Forest">Waltham Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Wandsworth" title="London Borough of Wandsworth">Wandsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_of_the_City_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporation of the City of London">City of London</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Temple" title="Inner Temple">Inner Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Temple" title="Middle Temple">Middle Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_London" title="History of local government in London">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Board_of_Works" title="Metropolitan Board of Works">Metropolitan Board of Works</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(MBW) 1855–1889</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(LCC) 1889–1965</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(GLC) 1965–1986</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_London_government" title="List of heads of London government">Leaders</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="London_commuter_belt" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:London_commuter_belt" title="Template:London commuter belt"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:London_commuter_belt" title="Template talk:London commuter belt"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:London_commuter_belt" title="Special:EditPage/Template:London commuter belt"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="London_commuter_belt" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/London_commuter_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="London commuter belt">London commuter belt</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Home_counties" title="Home counties">Home counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="London Commuter Belt"><img alt="London Commuter Belt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg/150px-London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg/225px-London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg/300px-London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="739" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">Greater London Built-up Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnborough/Aldershot_Built-up_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Farnborough/Aldershot Built-up Area">Farnborough/Aldershot Built-up Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Wycombe_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="High Wycombe Urban Area">High Wycombe Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton/Dunstable_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton/Dunstable Urban Area">Luton/Dunstable Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway"> Medway Towns Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading/Wokingham_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading/Wokingham Urban Area">Reading/Wokingham Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Southend Urban Area">Southend Urban Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Cities and towns<br />(100k+)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelmsford" title="Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawley" title="Crawley">Crawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildford" title="Guildford">Guildford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Wycombe" title="High Wycombe">High Wycombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton" title="Luton">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidstone" title="Maidstone">Maidstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough" title="Slough">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Towns<br />(25k–99k)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldershot" title="Aldershot">Aldershot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashford,_Surrey" title="Ashford, Surrey">Ashford, Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aylesbury" title="Aylesbury">Aylesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basildon" title="Basildon">Basildon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basingstoke" title="Basingstoke">Basingstoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billericay" title="Billericay">Billericay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Stortford" title="Bishop's Stortford">Bishop's Stortford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borehamwood" title="Borehamwood">Borehamwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell" title="Bracknell">Bracknell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentwood,_Essex" title="Brentwood, Essex">Brentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Hill" title="Burgess Hill">Burgess Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camberley" title="Camberley">Camberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvey_Island" title="Canvey Island">Canvey Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham,_Kent" title="Chatham, Kent">Chatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshunt" title="Cheshunt">Cheshunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartford" title="Dartford">Dartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunstable" title="Dunstable">Dunstable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsom" title="Epsom">Epsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewell" title="Ewell">Ewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earley" title="Earley">Earley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnborough,_Hampshire" title="Farnborough, Hampshire">Farnborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnham" title="Farnham">Farnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet,_Hampshire" title="Fleet, Hampshire">Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillingham,_Kent" title="Gillingham, Kent">Gillingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend">Gravesend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grays,_Essex" title="Grays, Essex">Grays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlow" title="Harlow">Harlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpenden" title="Harpenden">Harpenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatfield,_Hertfordshire" title="Hatfield, Hertfordshire">Hatfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemel_Hempstead" title="Hemel Hempstead">Hemel Hempstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsham" title="Horsham">Horsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitchin" title="Hitchin">Hitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leighton_Buzzard" title="Leighton Buzzard">Leighton Buzzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letchworth" title="Letchworth">Letchworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughton" title="Loughton">Loughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidenhead" title="Maidenhead">Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayleigh,_Essex" title="Rayleigh, Essex">Rayleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redhill,_Surrey" title="Redhill, Surrey">Redhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Kent" title="Rochester, Kent">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Tunbridge_Wells" title="Royal Tunbridge Wells">Royal Tunbridge Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittingbourne" title="Sittingbourne">Sittingbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans" title="St Albans">St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevenage" title="Stevenage">Stevenage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strood" title="Strood">Strood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbury-on-Thames" title="Sunbury-on-Thames">Sunbury-on-Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonbridge" title="Tonbridge">Tonbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ware,_Hertfordshire" title="Ware, Hertfordshire">Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watford" title="Watford">Watford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welwyn_Garden_City" title="Welwyn Garden City">Welwyn Garden City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickford" title="Wickford">Wickford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Berkshire" title="Windsor, Berkshire">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woking" title="Woking">Woking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wokingham" title="Wokingham">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodley,_Berkshire" title="Woodley, Berkshire">Woodley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Towns<br />(10k–25k)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addlestone" title="Addlestone">Addlestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amersham" title="Amersham">Amersham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtead" title="Ashtead">Ashtead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldock" title="Baldock">Baldock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaconsfield" title="Beaconsfield">Beaconsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkhamsted" title="Berkhamsted">Berkhamsted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broxbourne" title="Broxbourne">Broxbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckhurst_Hill" title="Buckhurst Hill">Buckhurst Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushey" title="Bushey">Bushey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chertsey" title="Chertsey">Chertsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesham" title="Chesham">Chesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigwell" title="Chigwell">Chigwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corringham,_Essex" title="Corringham, Essex">Corringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croxley_Green" title="Croxley Green">Croxley Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorking" title="Dorking">Dorking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Grinstead" title="East Grinstead">East Grinstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Malling" title="East Malling">East Malling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englefield_Green" title="Englefield Green">Englefield Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epping,_Essex" title="Epping, Essex">Epping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frimley" title="Frimley">Frimley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogmore,_Hampshire" title="Frogmore, Hampshire">Frogmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godalming" title="Godalming">Godalming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadleigh,_Essex" title="Hadleigh, Essex">Hadleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haywards_Heath" title="Haywards Heath">Haywards Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertford" title="Hertford">Hertford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoddesdon" title="Hoddesdon">Hoddesdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horley" title="Horley">Horley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton_Regis" title="Houghton Regis">Houghton Regis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knaphill" title="Knaphill">Knaphill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leatherhead" title="Leatherhead">Leatherhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlow,_Buckinghamshire" title="Marlow, Buckinghamshire">Marlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potters_Bar" title="Potters Bar">Potters Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reigate" title="Reigate">Reigate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickmansworth" title="Rickmansworth">Rickmansworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochford" title="Rochford">Rochford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhurst,_Berkshire" title="Sandhurst, Berkshire">Sandhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks" title="Sevenoaks">Sevenoaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snodland" title="Snodland">Snodland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepperton" title="Shepperton">Shepperton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Benfleet" title="South Benfleet">South Benfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southborough,_Kent" title="Southborough, Kent">Southborough, Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staines-upon-Thames" title="Staines-upon-Thames">Staines-upon-Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford-le-Hope" title="Stanford-le-Hope">Stanford-le-Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanwell" title="Stanwell">Stanwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanley" title="Swanley">Swanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thundersley" title="Thundersley">Thundersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilbury" title="Tilbury">Tilbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tring" title="Tring">Tring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham_Abbey" title="Waltham Abbey">Waltham Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham_Cross" title="Waltham Cross">Waltham Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodford_Green" title="Woodford Green">Woodford Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yateley" title="Yateley">Yateley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_London" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:London_history" title="Template:London history"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:London_history" title="Template talk:London history"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:London_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:London history"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_London" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_London" title="History of London">History of London</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_London" title="Timeline of London">Evolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Londinium" title="Londinium">Londinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_London" title="Anglo-Saxon London">Lundenwic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_London" title="County of London">County of London</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greater London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_London" title="Timeline of London">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Londinium" title="Londinium">Roman London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_London" title="Anglo-Saxon London">Anglo-Saxon London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_and_Medieval_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman and Medieval London">Norman and Medieval London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_London" title="Tudor London">Tudor London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_London" title="Stuart London">Stuart London</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th-century_London" title="18th-century London">18th-century London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th-century_London" title="19th-century London">19th-century London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_London_(1900%E2%80%931939)" title="History of London (1900–1939)">1900–1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_in_World_War_II" title="London in World War II">World War II</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">The Blitz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_London#1945–2000" title="History of London">1945–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_London#21st_century" title="History of London">21st century</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch" title="Coronation of the British monarch">Coronations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_Revolt" title="Peasants' Revolt">Peasants' Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Death_in_England" title="Black Death in England">Black Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plague_of_London" title="Great Plague of London">Great Plague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London" title="Great Fire of London">Great Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_Broad_Street_cholera_outbreak" title="1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak">1854 cholera outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Stink" title="Great Stink">Great Stink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Exhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Exhibition">Great Exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-British_Exhibition" title="Franco-British Exhibition">1908 Franco-British Exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cable_Street" title="Battle of Cable Street">The Battle of Cable Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Britain" title="Festival of Britain">Festival of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Smog_of_London" title="Great Smog of London">Great Smog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_Edward_VIII" title="Abdication of Edward VIII">Abdication of Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_Sixties" title="Swinging Sixties">Swinging London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Plan" title="London Plan">London Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup_final" title="1966 FIFA World Cup final">1966 FIFA World Cup final</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_and_Regent%27s_Park_bombings" title="Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings">Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_February_2003_anti-war_protests#London" title="15 February 2003 anti-war protests">Anti-war protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">7/7 bombings</a></li> <li>Olympic Games <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics" title="1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Paralympics" title="2012 Summer Paralympics">2012 Summer Paralympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenfell_Tower_fire" title="Grenfell Tower fire">Grenfell Tower fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_London" title="COVID-19 pandemic in London">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_London" title="History of local government in London">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Historic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Board_of_Works" title="Metropolitan Board of Works">Metropolitan Board of Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a></li></ul></li> <li>Current <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_London" title="List of political parties in London">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="London Labour Party">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Conservatives" title="London Conservatives">Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Liberal_Democrats" title="London Liberal Democrats">Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Green_Party" title="London Green Party">London Green Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_independence" title="London independence">London independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Street_Runners" title="Bow Street Runners">Bow Street Runners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Metropolitan_Police" title="History of the Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Ambulance_Service" title="London Ambulance Service">London Ambulance Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Fire_Brigade" title="London Fire Brigade">London Fire Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_London_Authority" title="Port of London Authority">Port of London Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_sewer_system" title="London sewer system">London sewer system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_London_Underground" title="History of the London Underground">London Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Metropolitan_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="London Metropolitan Archives">London Metropolitan Archives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation" title="City of London Corporation">City of London Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor of the City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wards_of_the_City_of_London" title="Wards of the City of London">Wards of the City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_London" title="Guildhall, London">Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livery_company" title="Livery company">Livery Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor%27s_Show" title="Lord Mayor's Show">Lord Mayor's Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Police" title="City of London Police">City of London Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Whitehall" title="Palace of Whitehall">Palace of Whitehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Hall" title="Westminster Hall">Westminster Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Bridge" title="London Bridge">London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Great_Fire_of_London" title="Monument to the Great Fire of London">The Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_London" title="Fortifications of London">Fortifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Greater_London" title="Scheduled monuments in Greater London">Scheduled monuments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_London" title="Category:History of London">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23306#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23306#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23306#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39QbtfRD6cvTjyBHC7kQ6P7xc">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4074335-4">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&oldid=1254192457">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greater_London&oldid=1254192457</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Greater_London" title="Category:Greater London">Greater London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_London" title="Category:Geography of London">Geography of London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metropolitan_areas_of_England" 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