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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Izena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Izena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sorrera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sorrera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sorrera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sorrera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stalinen_aroa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stalinen_aroa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Stalinen aroa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stalinen_aroa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stalinen_ondoren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stalinen_ondoren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Stalinen ondoren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stalinen_ondoren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SESBen_desagerpena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SESBen_desagerpena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>SESBen desagerpena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SESBen_desagerpena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estatuaren_antolakuntza_eta_administrazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estatuaren_antolakuntza_eta_administrazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Estatuaren antolakuntza eta administrazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estatuaren_antolakuntza_eta_administrazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alderdi_Komunista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alderdi_Komunista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Alderdi Komunista</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alderdi_Komunista-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Alderdi Komunista azpiatal</span> </button> <ul 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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ekonomia_SESBen_azkenengo_urteetan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomia_SESBen_azkenengo_urteetan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ekonomia SESBen azkenengo urteetan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomia_SESBen_azkenengo_urteetan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nostalgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nostalgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Nostalgia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nostalgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Eduki-taula" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasuna</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 217 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-217" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">217 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Асоветтә Социалисттә Республикақәа Реидгыла – abkhaziera" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Асоветтә Социалисттә Республикақәа Реидгыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet – acehnera" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Uni Soviet" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="acehnera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetunie" title="Sowjetunie – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sowjetunie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetunion" title="Sowjetunion – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sowjetunion" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B6%E1%89%AA%E1%8B%AC%E1%89%B5_%E1%88%95%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B5" title="ሶቪዬት ሕብረት – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሶቪዬት ሕብረት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_de_Republicas_Socialistas_Sovieticas" title="Unión de Republicas Socialistas Sovieticas – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Unión de Republicas Socialistas Sovieticas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofiet_Gesamnung" title="Sofiet Gesamnung – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sofiet Gesamnung" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="الاتحاد السوفيتي – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الاتحاد السوفيتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="لإتحاد السوڤياتي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لإتحاد السوڤياتي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%89" title="اتحاد سوڤيتى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اتحاد سوڤيتى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%27%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%98" title="ছ'ভিয়েট সংঘ – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ছ'ভিয়েট সংঘ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Xunión Soviética – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xunión Soviética" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B1_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Советияб Союзалъул Социялизмаялъул Республикаби – avarera" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Советияб Союзалъул Социялизмаялъул Республикаби" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSSS" title="TSSS – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="TSSS" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSR%C4%B0" title="SSRİ – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="SSRİ" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C" title="شوروی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شوروی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Совет Социалистик Республикалар Союзы – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Совет Социалистик Республикалар Союзы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet – baliera" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Uni Soviet" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetunion" title="Sowjetunion – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Sowjetunion" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar%C4%ABbu_S%C4%81jonga" title="Tarību Sājonga – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tarību Sājonga" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%85_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Саюз Савецкіх Сацыялістычных Рэспублік – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Саюз Савецкіх Сацыялістычных Рэспублік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%85_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Саюз Савецкіх Сацыялістычных Рэспублік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Саюз Савецкіх Сацыялістычных Рэспублік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Съюз на съветските социалистически републики – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Съюз на съветските социалистически републики" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="सोवियत यूनियन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सोवियत यूनियन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়ন – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B" title="སུའུ་ལེན་ – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སུའུ་ལེན་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়ন – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়ন" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unaniezh_ar_Republiko%C3%B9_Sokialour_Soviedel" title="Unaniezh ar Republikoù Sokialour Soviedel – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Unaniezh ar Republikoù Sokialour Soviedel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetski_Savez" title="Sovjetski Savez – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sovjetski Savez" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D2%AF%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8D_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Зүблэлтэ холбоото улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Зүблэлтэ холбоото улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_de_Rep%C3%BAbliques_Socialistes_Sovi%C3%A8tiques" title="Unió de Repúbliques Socialistes Soviètiques – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Unió de Repúbliques Socialistes Soviètiques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%AD-li%C3%A8ng" title="Sŭ-lièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sŭ-lièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Советийн Социалистийн Республикийн Союз – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Советийн Социалистийн Республикийн Союз" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unyong_Sobyet" title="Unyong Sobyet – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Unyong Sobyet" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%90%E1%8E%A1%E1%8F%B0_%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%9A%E1%8E%A9" title="ᏐᎡᏰ ᏍᎦᏚᎩ – txerokiera" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏐᎡᏰ ᏍᎦᏚᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="txerokiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%8E%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%86%DA%A4%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA" title="یەکێتیی سۆڤیەت – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یەکێتیی سۆڤیەت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Euralar_Sotsialistik_Cumhuriyetleri_Birligi" title="Şuralar Sotsialistik Cumhuriyetleri Birligi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Şuralar Sotsialistik Cumhuriyetleri Birligi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sov%C4%9Btsk%C3%BD_svaz" title="Sovětský svaz – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sovětský svaz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B2%D1%A3%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%97%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B2%D1%AB%EA%99%81%D1%8A" title="Съвѣтьскъ Социалистичьскъ Димократїи Съвѫꙁъ – elizako eslaviera" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Съвѣтьскъ Социалистичьскъ Димократїи Съвѫꙁъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="elizako eslaviera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9F%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Совет Социализм Республикисен Пĕрлешĕвĕ – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Совет Социализм Республикисен Пĕрлешĕвĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Undeb_Sofietaidd" title="Yr Undeb Sofietaidd – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Undeb Sofietaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sovjetunionen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetunion" title="Sowjetunion – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sowjetunion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yewiya_Sovyetan" title="Yewiya Sovyetan – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Yewiya Sovyetan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetski_zw%C4%9Bzk" title="Sowjetski zwězk – behe-sorabiera" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Sowjetski zwězk" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="behe-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koisaan_Soviet" title="Koisaan Soviet – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Koisaan Soviet" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%AF%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%AC%DE%93%DE%B0_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A8%DE%80%DE%A7%DE%8B%DE%AA" title="ސޯވިއެޓް އިއްތިހާދު – dhivehia" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސޯވިއެޓް އިއްތިހާދު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="dhivehia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Ένωση Σοβιετικών Σοσιαλιστικών Δημοκρατιών – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ένωση Σοβιετικών Σοσιαλιστικών Δημοκρατιών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Soviet Union" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovetunio" title="Sovetunio – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sovetunio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Unión Soviética – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Unión Soviética" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B5ukogude_Liit" title="Nõukogude Liit – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nõukogude Liit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Unión Soviética – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Unión Soviética" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C" title="اتحاد جماهیر شوروی – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتحاد جماهیر شوروی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuvostoliitto" title="Neuvostoliitto – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neuvostoliitto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B5vvokogoliit" title="Nõvvokogoliit – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Nõvvokogoliit" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetsamveldi%C3%B0" title="Sovjetsamveldið – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Sovjetsamveldið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetunioon" title="Sowjetunioon – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sowjetunioon" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Sovietiche" title="Union Sovietiche – friulera" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Union Sovietiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjet-Uny" title="Sovjet-Uny – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sovjet-Uny" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tAontas_S%C3%B3iv%C3%A9adach" title="An tAontas Sóivéadach – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tAontas Sóivéadach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" title="蘇聯 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="蘇聯" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inyon_di_s%C3%A9_r%C3%A9piblik_sosyalis_sovy%C3%A9tik" title="Inyon di sé répiblik sosyalis sovyétik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Inyon di sé répiblik sosyalis sovyétik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_t-Aonadh_Sobhiatach" title="An t-Aonadh Sobhiatach – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An t-Aonadh Sobhiatach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Unión Soviética – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Unión Soviética" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A" title="شؤروي – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="شؤروي" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaty_Sovi%C3%A9tiko" title="Joaty Soviétiko – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Joaty Soviétiko" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B8" title="𐌲𐌲𐌲𐌸 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌲𐌲𐌲𐌸" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%A8" title="સોવિયેત યુનિયન – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સોવિયેત યુનિયન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unnaneys_ny_Pobblaghtyn_Soveidjagh_Soshiallagh" title="Unnaneys ny Pobblaghtyn Soveidjagh Soshiallagh – manxera" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Unnaneys ny Pobblaghtyn Soveidjagh Soshiallagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarayyar_Sobiyet" title="Tarayyar Sobiyet – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tarayyar Sobiyet" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BB-li%C3%A8n" title="Sû-lièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sû-lièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA" title="ברית המועצות – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברית המועצות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98" title="सोवियत संघ – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सोवियत संघ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Soviet Union" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetski_Savez" title="Sovjetski Savez – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sovjetski Savez" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetski_zwjazk" title="Sowjetski zwjazk – goi-sorabiera" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Sowjetski zwjazk" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="goi-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inyon_Repiblik_Sosyalis_Sovyetik" title="Inyon Repiblik Sosyalis Sovyetik – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Inyon Repiblik Sosyalis Sovyetik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szovjetuni%C3%B3" title="Szovjetunió – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szovjetunió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետությունների Միություն – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետությունների Միություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Խորհրդային Միութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Խորհրդային Միութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Sovietic" title="Union Sovietic – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Union Sovietic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uni Soviet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet-Union" title="Soviet-Union – interlinguea" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Soviet-Union" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlinguea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suviatam_Nunaa" title="Suviatam Nunaa – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Suviatam Nunaa" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappon_ti_Sobiet" title="Kappon ti Sobiet – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kappon ti Sobiet" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Советий Социализма Республикай Союз – ingushera" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Советий Социализма Республикай Союз" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingushera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet-Uniono" title="Soviet-Uniono – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Soviet-Uniono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sov%C3%A9tr%C3%ADkin" title="Sovétríkin – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sovétríkin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unione_Sovietica" title="Unione Sovietica – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Unione Sovietica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%93%E3%82%A8%E3%83%88%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6" title="ソビエト連邦 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソビエト連邦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suoviet_Yuunian" title="Suoviet Yuunian – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Suoviet Yuunian" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/sofygu%27e" title="sofygu'e – lojbana" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sofygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojbana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Sovy%C3%A8t" title="Uni Sovyèt – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Uni Sovyèt" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%AD%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკების კავშირი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკების კავშირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadukli_n_Tegdudiwin_Tinemlayin_Tisuvyitiyin" title="Tadukli n Tegdudiwin Tinemlayin Tisuvyitiyin – kabiliera" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tadukli n Tegdudiwin Tinemlayin Tisuvyitiyin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%97%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Республикэ Совет Социал Зэгуэтхэр – kabardiera" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Республикэ Совет Социал Зэгуэтхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muna%CC%B1pyia%CC%B1_Soviyet" title="Muna̱pyia̱ Soviyet – tyapa" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Muna̱pyia̱ Soviyet" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyapa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Кеңестік Социалистік Республикалар Одағы – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кеңестік Социалистік Республикалар Одағы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%8F" title="សហភាពសូវៀត – khemerera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សហភាពសូវៀត" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khemerera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9F" title="ಸೊವಿಯೆಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೊವಿಯೆಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Soviet Union" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%A0%A8" title="소련 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소련" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%83" title="Совет Социалист Республикаланы Бирлешиу – karachayera-balkarera" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Совет Социалист Республикаланы Бирлешиу" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachayera-balkarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%90%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%90%D8%AA%D9%90%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82" title="صؤوِت اِتِفاق – kaxmirera" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="صؤوِت اِتِفاق" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaxmirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yek%C3%AEtiya_Komar%C3%AAn_Sovyet_%C3%AAn_Sosyal%C3%AEst" title="Yekîtiya Komarên Sovyet ên Sosyalîst – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Yekîtiya Komarên Sovyet ên Sosyalîst" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%A7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%A7%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%A7%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Сӧветскӧй Социалистическӧй Республикаяслӧн Союз – komiera" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Сӧветскӧй Социалистическӧй Республикаяслӧн Союз" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/URSS" title="URSS – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="URSS" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Кеңештер Бирлиги – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кеңештер Бирлиги" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unio_Rerum_Publicarum_Sovieticarum_Socialisticarum" title="Unio Rerum Publicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Unio Rerum Publicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Sovyetika" title="Union Sovyetika – ladinoa" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Union Sovyetika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladinoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetunioun" title="Sowjetunioun – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sowjetunioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%80" title="Советрин Социализмдин Республикайрин ГалкӀ – lezginera" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Советрин Социализмдин Республикайрин ГалкӀ" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_de_Republicas_Sosialiste_Soviet" title="Uni de Republicas Sosialiste Soviet – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Uni de Republicas Sosialiste Soviet" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sovjet-Unie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Sovietica" title="Union Sovietica – liguriera" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Union Sovietica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Sovietica" title="Union Sovietica – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Union Sovietica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_di_Republegh_Socialista_Sovietegh" title="Union di Republegh Socialista Sovietegh – lombardiera" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Union di Republegh Socialista Sovietegh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94" title="ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ – laosera" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet%C5%B3_S%C4%85junga" title="Sovietų Sąjunga – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sovietų Sąjunga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padomju_Savien%C4%ABba" title="Padomju Savienība – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Padomju Savienība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98" title="सोभियत सङ्घ – maithilia" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सोभियत सङ्घ" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Советонь Соткс – mokxera" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Советонь Соткс" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firaisan%27_ny_Repoblika_S%C3%B4sialista_S%C3%B4vietika" title="Firaisan' ny Repoblika Sôsialista Sôvietika – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Firaisan' ny Repoblika Sôsialista Sôvietika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A3%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Совет Социализм Республик-влак Ушем – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Совет Социализм Республик-влак Ушем" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hononga_Howete" title="Hononga Howete – maoriera" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hononga Howete" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Uni Soviet" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Советски Сојуз – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Советски Сојуз" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" title="സോവിയറ്റ് യൂണിയൻ – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സോവിയറ്റ് യൂണിയൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98" title="सोव्हिएत संघ – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सोव्हिएत संघ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesatuan_Soviet" title="Kesatuan Soviet – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kesatuan Soviet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unjoni_Sovjetika" title="Unjoni Sovjetika – maltera" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Unjoni Sovjetika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ounion_Sobi%C3%A9tica" title="Ounion Sobiética – mirandesa" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ounion Sobiética" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဆိုဗီယက်ပြည်ထောင်စု သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆိုဗီယက်ပြည်ထောင်စု သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C" title="شوروی – mazandarandera" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شوروی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aunione_Sovieteca" title="Aunione Sovieteca – napoliera" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Aunione Sovieteca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetunion" title="Sowjetunion – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Sowjetunion" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetuny" title="Sovjetuny – behe-saxoiera" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Sovjetuny" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="behe-saxoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98" title="सोभियत सङ्घ – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सोभियत सङ्घ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sovjet-Unie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sovjetunionen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sovjetunionen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unnion_Sovi%C3%A9tique" title="Unnion Soviétique – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Unnion Soviétique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_de_las_Republicas_Socialistas_Sovieticas" title="Union de las Republicas Socialistas Sovieticas – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Union de las Republicas Socialistas Sovieticas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevvostoliitto" title="Nevvostoliitto – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Nevvostoliitto" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A6%C3%A6%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Советон Цæдис – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Советон Цæдис" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸੋਵੀਅਤ ਯੂਨੀਅਨ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੋਵੀਅਤ ਯੂਨੀਅਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Sovietiko" title="Union Sovietiko – papiamentoa" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Union Sovietiko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamentoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/URSS" title="URSS – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="URSS" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Soviet Union" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwi%C4%85zek_Socjalistycznych_Republik_Radzieckich" title="Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Union Soviética – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Union Soviética" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سویت یونین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سویت یونین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="شوروي اتحاد – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شوروي اتحاد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="União Soviética – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="União Soviética" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susyalista_Suwit_Ripuwlikakunap_Hu%C3%B1un" title="Susyalista Suwit Ripuwlikakunap Huñun – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Susyalista Suwit Ripuwlikakunap Huñun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniun_sovietica" title="Uniun sovietica – erretorromaniera" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Uniun sovietica" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="erretorromaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniunea_Republicilor_Sovietice_Socialiste" title="Uniunea Republicilor Sovietice Socialiste – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uniunea Republicilor Sovietice Socialiste" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Союз Советских Социалистических Республик – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Союз Советских Социалистических Республик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Союз Совітскых Соціалістічных Републик – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Союз Совітскых Соціалістічных Републик" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%83%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сэбиэскэй Социалистыы Республикалар Сойуустара – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сэбиэскэй Социалистыы Республикалар Сойуустара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B4_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B6%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ – santalera" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unione_Sovietica" title="Unione Sovietica – sardiniera" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Unione Sovietica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unioni_Suvi%C3%A8tica" title="Unioni Suviètica – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Unioni Suviètica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Soviet Union" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86" title="سوويت يونين – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سوويت يونين" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetlihttu" title="Sovjetlihttu – iparraldeko samiera" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Sovjetlihttu" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetski_Savez" title="Sovjetski Savez – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sovjetski Savez" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9A%E1%82%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="မိူင်းႁူမ်ႈတုမ် သူဝ်ႇဝီႇယႅတ်ႉ – shanera" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းႁူမ်ႈတုမ် သူဝ်ႇဝီႇယႅတ်ႉ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="shanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA" title="සෝවියට් සංගමය – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෝවියට් සංගමය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Soviet Union" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovietsky_zv%C3%A4z" title="Sovietsky zväz – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sovietsky zväz" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سوویت یونین – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="سوویت یونین" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetska_zveza" title="Sovjetska zveza – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sovjetska zveza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetlitto" title="Sovjetlitto – Inariko samiera" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Sovjetlitto" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inariko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midowga_Sofiyet" title="Midowga Sofiyet – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Midowga Sofiyet" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkimi_Sovjetik" title="Bashkimi Sovjetik – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bashkimi Sovjetik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Совјетски Савез – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Совјетски Савез" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetunion" title="Sowjetunion – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Sowjetunion" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Sovi%C3%A9t" title="Uni Soviét – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Uni Soviét" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sovjetunionen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umoja_wa_Kisovyeti" title="Umoja wa Kisovyeti – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Umoja wa Kisovyeti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojusz_Socjalistycznych_Sowjeckich_Republik" title="Sojusz Socjalistycznych Sowjeckich Republik – silesiera" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Sojusz Socjalistycznych Sowjeckich Republik" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சோவியத் ஒன்றியம் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சோவியத் ஒன்றியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="సోవియట్ యూనియన్ – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సోవియట్ యూనియన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Иттиҳоди Шуравӣ – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иттиҳоди Шуравӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95" title="สหภาพโซเวียต – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สหภาพโซเวียต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unyong_Sobyetiko" title="Unyong Sobyetiko – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unyong Sobyetiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovet_Sosialist_Respublikon_Ibemon" title="Sovet Sosialist Respublikon Ibemon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Sovet Sosialist Respublikon Ibemon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sovyetler Birliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Совет Социалистик Республикалар Берлеге – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Совет Социалистик Республикалар Берлеге" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0%D0%AD" title="ССРЭ – tuvera" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="ССРЭ" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Советской Социалистической Республикаослэн Союззы – udmurtera" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Советской Социалистической Республикаослэн Союззы" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8B%DB%90%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%89" title="سوۋېت سوتسىيالىستىك جۇمھۇرىيەتلەر ئىتتىپاقى – uigurrera" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سوۋېت سوتسىيالىستىك جۇمھۇرىيەتلەر ئىتتىپاقى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurrera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Союз Радянських Соціалістичних Республік – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Союз Радянських Соціалістичних Республік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="سوویت اتحاد – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سوویت اتحاد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovet_Sotsialistik_Respublikalari_Ittifoqi" title="Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikalari Ittifoqi – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikalari Ittifoqi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Sovi%C3%A8tega" title="Union Soviètega – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Union Soviètega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevondkundali%C5%BEiden_Socialisti%C5%BEiden_Tazovaldkundoiden_%C3%9Chti%C5%A1tuz" title="Nevondkundaližiden Socialistižiden Tazovaldkundoiden Ühtištuz – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Nevondkundaližiden Socialistižiden Tazovaldkundoiden Ühtištuz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_X%C3%B4" title="Liên Xô – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liên Xô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Sovjet-Unie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovy%C3%A4tabalatam" title="Sovyätabalatam – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sovyätabalatam" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.R.S.S." title="U.R.S.S. – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="U.R.S.S." data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unyon_Sovyetika" title="Unyon Sovyetika – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Unyon Sovyetika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Yi_Benno" title="Soviet Yi Benno – wolofera" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Soviet Yi Benno" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolofera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="苏联" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoviet_Union" title="Isoviet Union – xhosera" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Isoviet Union" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3" title="სხუნუეფიშ სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკეფიშ რსხუ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სხუნუეფიშ სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკეფიშ რსხუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="סאוועטן פארבאנד – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סאוועטן פארבאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cs%E1%BB%8D%CC%80kan_S%C3%B3f%C3%AC%E1%BA%B9%CC%80t%C3%AC" title="Ìsọ̀kan Sófìẹ̀tì – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìsọ̀kan Sófìẹ̀tì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhlienz" title="Suhlienz – zhuangera" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Suhlienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuangera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="苏联" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" title="蘇聯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="蘇聯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%CD%98-li%C3%A2n" title="So͘-liân – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="So͘-liân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" title="蘇聯 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蘇聯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15180#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;border-top: 2px solid #ddd; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Federalismo" title="Federalismo">Federazioa</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span> <table style="width:100%; background:none"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasuneko bandera"><img alt="Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasuneko bandera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Internationale-ru.ogg/Internationale-ru.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=sr-ec&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr-Cyrl" label="српски (ћирилица) ‪(sr-ec)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=zh-cn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans-CN" label="中文（中国大陆） ‪(zh-cn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AInternationale-ru.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track 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/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGimn_Sovetskogo_Soyuza_%281977_Vocal%29.oga&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGimn_Sovetskogo_Soyuza_%281977_Vocal%29.oga&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGimn_Sovetskogo_Soyuza_%281977_Vocal%29.oga&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGimn_Sovetskogo_Soyuza_%281977_Vocal%29.oga&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGimn_Sovetskogo_Soyuza_%281977_Vocal%29.oga&lang=zh-cn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans-CN" label="中文（中国大陆） ‪(zh-cn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGimn_Sovetskogo_Soyuza_%281977_Vocal%29.oga&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGimn_Sovetskogo_Soyuza_%281977_Vocal%29.oga&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGimn_Sovetskogo_Soyuza_%281977_Vocal%29.oga&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span><hr /><b>Goiburua</b><br />Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!<br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Herrialde_guztietako_langileak,_elkar_zaitezte!" title="Herrialde guztietako langileak, elkar zaitezte!">Munduko langileok, elkartu!</a>)</small><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/280px-Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/420px-Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/560px-Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #ddd;">Geografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width: 50%;">Hiriburua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mosku" title="Mosku">Mosku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width: 50%;">Biztanleria</th><td class="infobox-data">293.047.571</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width: 50%;">Azalera</th><td class="infobox-data">22.402.200 km²</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width: 50%;"><a href="/wiki/Ordu_eremu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordu eremu">Ordu eremua</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+2 > +13</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width: 50%;"><a href="/wiki/Interneteko_domeinu" title="Interneteko domeinu">Domeinua</a></th><td class="infobox-data">.su</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #ddd;">Ekonomia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width: 50%;"><a href="/wiki/Diru" title="Diru">Dirua</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sobietar_errublo" title="Sobietar errublo">Sobietar errubloa</a> (SUR)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #ddd;">Kultura</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width: 50%;">Hizkuntza(k)</th><td class="infobox-data">Ez zuen <small>(<a href="/wiki/Errusiera" title="Errusiera">Errusiera</a> <i>de facto</i>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width: 50%;">Erlijioa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ateismo" title="Ateismo">Ateoa</a> (ofizialki)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #ddd;">Historia</th></tr><tr style="line-height: 110%; font-size: 90%;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width: 50%;">Aldarrikatua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a> <a href="/wiki/Abenduaren_30" title="Abenduaren 30">abenduaren 30</a></td></tr><tr style="line-height: 110%; font-size: 90%;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width: 50%;">Onartua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> <a href="/wiki/Otsailaren_1" title="Otsailaren 1">otsailaren 1</a></td></tr><tr style="line-height: 110%; font-size: 90%;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width: 50%;">Ezeztapena</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> <a href="/wiki/Abenduaren_24" title="Abenduaren 24">abenduaren 24</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><table style="width: 100%; border: none; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%; background: transparent; padding: 5px; text-align: left; border-right: 2px solid #eee;"><div align="center"><small><b><big>←</big> Aurrekoak</b></small></div><table style="background:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="width:20px; padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_(1954%E2%80%931991).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Errusiako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista_Federatiboa" title="Errusiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista Federatiboa">Errusiako SESF</a></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_the_Transcaucasian_SFSR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_the_Transcaucasian_SFSR.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Transcaucasian_SFSR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_the_Transcaucasian_SFSR.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Transcaucasian_SFSR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_the_Transcaucasian_SFSR.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Transcaucasian_SFSR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Transkaukasiako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Federatibo_Sozialista" title="Transkaukasiako Sobietar Errepublika Federatibo Sozialista">Transkaukasia SESF</a></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1949%E2%80%931991).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281949%E2%80%931991%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281949%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281949%E2%80%931991%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281949%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281949%E2%80%931991%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281949%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Ukrainako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Ukrainako SES</a></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1951%E2%80%931991).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bielorrusiako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Bielorrusiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Bielorrusiako SES</a></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonia</a></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td style="width:50%; background: transparent; padding: 5px; text-align: right;"><div align="center"><small><b>Ondorengoak <big>→</big></b></small></div><table style="background:none; width:100%"><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></td><td style="width:20px; padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Armenia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></td><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bielorrusia" title="Bielorrusia">Bielorrusia</a></td><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusia</a></td><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a></td><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></td><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Kirgizistan" title="Kirgizistan">Kirgizistan</a></td><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonia</a></td><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a></td><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></td><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Moldova.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/20px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/40px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></td><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tadjikistan</a></td><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></td><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a></td><td style="padding:none;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasuna</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> edo <b>Sobietar Batasuna</b> (<a href="/wiki/Errusiera" title="Errusiera">errusieraz</a>: <span lang="ru">Советский Союз</span>, <i>Sovietski Soyuz</i>) <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asiako</a> <a href="/wiki/Estatu_burujabe" title="Estatu burujabe">estatu burujabe</a> <a href="/wiki/Sozialismo" title="Sozialismo">sozialista</a> izan zen, <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922an</a> sortua eta <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991n</a> desegina<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Errusiar_Inperioa" class="mw-redirect" title="Errusiar Inperioa">Errusiar Inperioa</a> osatzen zuten lurraldeak hartzen zituen. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991tik</a> aurrera haren parterik handienaz <a href="/wiki/Estatu_Burujabeen_Erkidegoa" title="Estatu Burujabeen Erkidegoa">Estatu Burujabeen Erkidegoa</a> moldatu zen. <a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra">Bigarren Mundu Gerraz</a> geroztik 15 errepublika federatuk osatua zen: <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bielorrusia" title="Bielorrusia">Bielorrusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kaszakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirgizistan" title="Kirgizistan">Kirgizistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Errusia zen Batasuneko errepublika handiena, bai hedaduraren bai biztanle kopuruaren aldetik, eta politikoki eta ekonomikoki agintzen zuen.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1990. urtean 22.400.000 <a href="/wiki/Km%C2%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Km²">km²</a> zituen, eta 292.000.000 biztanle. Mendebaldean <a href="/wiki/Baltikoa" title="Baltikoa">Itsaso Baltikoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Itsaso_Beltza" title="Itsaso Beltza">Itsaso Beltza</a> zituen muga, eta ekialdean <a href="/wiki/Ozeano_Barea" title="Ozeano Barea">Ozeano Barea</a>. Biztanleak sobietarrak ziren, eta hiriburua <a href="/wiki/Mosku" title="Mosku">Mosku</a> zen. </p><p>Sobietar Batasunak <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">historia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politika" title="Politika">politika</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ekonomia" title="Ekonomia">ekonomia</a> alorrean izan duen garrantzia ulertzeko haren neurriak eta baliabide handiak hartu behar dira kontuan; garrantzi hori are handiagoa baita berak gidatzen zituen ideologia marxistako herrialdeek osaturiko blokeari erreparatuz gero. Ezaugarri ia feudalak zituen <a href="/wiki/Inperio" title="Inperio">inperio</a> zahar haren egitura politikoak, administratiboak, ekonomikoak eta sozialak erabat aldatu zituen 1917ko iraultza <a href="/wiki/Boltxebike" title="Boltxebike">boltxebikeak</a>. Horrek eragin erabakigarria izan zuen ondorengo nazioarteko historiaren bilakaeran: <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922tik</a> jadanik mendebaleko estatuek neurri bereziak hartu zituzten iraultza hark kutsa ez zitzan; Bigarren Mundu Gerraren etenaren ondoren, Sobietar Batasunaren irudiko erregimenak ezarri ziren <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europako</a> ekialdean eta <a href="/wiki/Gerra_Hotza" title="Gerra Hotza">Gerra Hotza</a> sortu zen, hogeita bost urtez mundu osoaren egoeran eragin handia izan zuena. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izena">Izena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Izena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Soviet_Union-1981-Coin-1-20_Years_Anniversary_of_First_Human_Flight_in_Space.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Soviet_Union-1981-Coin-1-20_Years_Anniversary_of_First_Human_Flight_in_Space.jpg/180px-Soviet_Union-1981-Coin-1-20_Years_Anniversary_of_First_Human_Flight_in_Space.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Soviet_Union-1981-Coin-1-20_Years_Anniversary_of_First_Human_Flight_in_Space.jpg/270px-Soviet_Union-1981-Coin-1-20_Years_Anniversary_of_First_Human_Flight_in_Space.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Soviet_Union-1981-Coin-1-20_Years_Anniversary_of_First_Human_Flight_in_Space.jpg/360px-Soviet_Union-1981-Coin-1-20_Years_Anniversary_of_First_Human_Flight_in_Space.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981eko</a> ospakizuneko sobietar txanpona, non CCCP idazkuna ikus daitekeen <a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Batasuneko_armarria" title="Sobietar Batasuneko armarria">Sobietar Batasuneko Armarriaren</a> ondoan eta <a href="/wiki/Juri_Gagarin" title="Juri Gagarin">Juri Gagarinen</a> kaskoan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasunaren <a href="/wiki/Akronimo" title="Akronimo">akronimoa</a> <a href="/wiki/Errusiera" title="Errusiera">errusieraz</a> CCCP da, <span lang="ru">Союз Советских Социалистических Республик</span>, hau da, <i>Sojuz Sobetskih Sotzialistitxeskih Respublik</i>. Letra latindarrekin idazten da, modu teknikoki zuzena <i>CCCP</i> den arren, <a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_ziriliko" title="Alfabeto ziriliko">alfabeto zirilikoaz</a>. Errusierazko gutxi gorabeherako ahoskera "<i>ez ez ez err</i>" da. Batzuetan, SSSR bezala transliteratua da, alfabeto zirilikoko <a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a> letra <a href="/wiki/Latindar_alfabetoa" title="Latindar alfabetoa">latindar alfabetoko</a> <a href="/wiki/S" title="S">esearen</a> baliokidea baita, eta <a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a> letra, berriz, <a href="/wiki/R" title="R">errearena</a>. </p><p>Sigla horiek, SESBetik kanpo, ezaguna egin ziren kirolarien jantzietan, nazioarteko kirol lehiaketetan emaitza nabarmenak lortu baitzituzten, zein sobietar <a href="/wiki/Astronauta" title="Astronauta">astronauten</a> kaskoan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Geografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>22.402.200 km<sup>2</sup> luze-zabal zen (10.000 km mendebaldetik ekialdera eta 5.000 km ipar-hego). Eremuaren % 11 landa lurrak ziren, % 16 <a href="/wiki/Belardi" title="Belardi">belardiak</a>, % 41 <a href="/wiki/Baso" title="Baso">basoak</a>, eta % 32 bestelakoak (<a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra</a>, besteak beste). </p><p>Hainbat <a href="/wiki/Klima" title="Klima">klima</a> mota zituen: <a href="/wiki/Klima_kontinental" title="Klima kontinental">kontinentala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klima_subtropikal" title="Klima subtropikal">subtropikala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subartiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Subartiko">subartikoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Klima_polar" title="Klima polar">polarra</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Batasuneko_historia" title="Sobietar Batasuneko historia">Sobietar Batasuneko historia</a>»</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sorrera">Sorrera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sorrera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Sorrera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917an</a> <a href="/wiki/Errusiako_Iraultza" title="Errusiako Iraultza">Errusiako Iraultzak</a> Errusiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialistaren sorrera ekarri zuen. Iraultzak <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsarraren</a> irudian oinarritutako sistema ordezkatu zuen. Bi garai bereiz daitezke Iraultzan. Lehenengoa 1917ko <a href="/wiki/Otsaileko_Iraultza" title="Otsaileko Iraultza">Otsaileko Iraultza</a> izan zen, <a href="/wiki/Nikolas_II.a_Errusiakoa" title="Nikolas II.a Errusiakoa">Errusiako Nikolas II.a</a> tsarraren autokraziarekin bukatu zuena eta errepublika liberala ezarri zuena. Bigarren fasea <a href="/wiki/Urriko_Iraultza" title="Urriko Iraultza">Urriko Iraultza</a> izan zen, eta bertan <a href="/wiki/Boltxebike" title="Boltxebike">Boltxebikeek</a> boterea kendu zioten behin-behineko gobernuari. <a href="/wiki/Azaroaren_8" title="Azaroaren 8">Azaroaren 8an</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a> herri-komisarien kontseiluko buru aukeratua izan zen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918an</a> Alemaniak eta Errusiak bakea sinatu zuten. <a href="/wiki/Brest-Litovsk_ituna" class="mw-redirect" title="Brest-Litovsk ituna">Brest-Litovsk itunaren</a> arabera Errusiak <a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a> galdu zituen. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> eta <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> artean <a href="/wiki/Armada_Gorria" title="Armada Gorria">Armada Gorria</a> (komunistak) eta <a href="/wiki/Armada_Zuria" title="Armada Zuria">Armada Zuria</a> (iraultzaren aurkakoak) <a href="/wiki/Errusiako_Gerra_Zibila" title="Errusiako Gerra Zibila">Errusiako Gerra Zibilean</a> borrokatu ziren. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922an</a> <a href="/wiki/Errusiako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista_Federatiboa" title="Errusiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista Federatiboa">Errusiako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Ukrainako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Ukrainako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bielorrusiako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Bielorrusiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Bielorrusiako</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Transkaukasiako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Federatibo_Sozialista" title="Transkaukasiako Sobietar Errepublika Federatibo Sozialista">Transkaukasiako</a> (Georgia, Azerbaijan eta Armenia) errepublikek lehenengo konstituzioa sinatu zuten, SESB sortuz . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stalinen_aroa">Stalinen aroa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Stalinen aroa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Stalinen aroa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:JStalin_Secretary_general_CCCP_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/JStalin_Secretary_general_CCCP_1942.jpg/150px-JStalin_Secretary_general_CCCP_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/JStalin_Secretary_general_CCCP_1942.jpg/225px-JStalin_Secretary_general_CCCP_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/JStalin_Secretary_general_CCCP_1942.jpg/300px-JStalin_Secretary_general_CCCP_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4151" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Iosif_Stalin" title="Iosif Stalin">Stalin</a> 1942an</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924an</a>, Leninen heriotzaren ondoren, <a href="/wiki/Iosif_Stalin" title="Iosif Stalin">Stalin</a> jabetu zen SESBeko botereaz. <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotski" title="Leon Trotski">Trotsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grigori_Zin%C3%B3viev" class="mw-redirect" title="Grigori Zinóviev">Zinóviev</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Lev_K%C3%A1menev" class="mw-redirect" title="Lev Kámenev">Kámenev</a> baztertu eta <a href="/wiki/Stalinismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalinismo">estalinismoari</a> hasiera eman zion. Stalinek ekonomia <a href="/wiki/Sozialismo" title="Sozialismo">sozialista</a> garatu nahi izan zuen. Estatuak, bost urteko planen bitartez, ekonomia zuzentzen zuen. Jabetza pribatua debekatu zen eta Estatua herrialdeko lur eta enpresa guztiez jabetu zen. Baserri pribatuak ezabatu eta landetxe kolektiboak (<a href="/wiki/Kolkhoz" title="Kolkhoz">kolkhoz</a>ak) herrialde osoan ezarri zituen. Errepresioa bortitza izan zen: polizia politikoak erregimenaren alde ez zeuden biztanleak deportatu, lan gogorreko esparruetara (<a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">gulag</a>etara) bidali edo hil egiten zituen. </p><p>Stalinen agintaldiko gertaera garrantzitsuena, ordea, <a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra">Bigarren Mundu Gerra</a> izan zen. <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939an</a> Sobietar Batasunak eta <a href="/wiki/Hirugarren_Reicha" title="Hirugarren Reicha">Alemania naziak</a> <a href="/wiki/Molotov-Ribbentrop_ituna" class="mw-redirect" title="Molotov-Ribbentrop ituna">Molotov-Ribbentrop ituna</a> sinatu zuten, elkar ez erasotzeko. Besteak beste, <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a> banatzea erabaki zuten: ekialdea Sobietar Batasunarentzat eta mendebaldea Alemaniarentzat. Baina <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitlerrek</a> ez zuen hitzarmen hori bete, eta <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941ean</a> Polonia eta SEBSeko parte bat inbaditu zuen eta <a href="/wiki/Mosku" title="Mosku">Mosku</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Petersburgo" title="San Petersburgo">Leningrad</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Stalingrad</a>eraino iritsi. <a href="/wiki/Stalingradeko_gudua" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalingradeko gudua">Stalingradeko batailan</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a> bukaera – <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a> hasiera), armada naziak atzera egin behar izan zuen. Sobietarren erasoaldiak <a href="/wiki/Ekialdeko_Europa" title="Ekialdeko Europa">Ekialdeko Europako</a> herrialde guztietatik egotzi zituen alemaniarrak. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945eko</a> apirilean, <a href="/wiki/Armada_Gorria" title="Armada Gorria">Armada Gorria</a> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlinen</a> sartu zen.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gerran 27 milioi sobietar hil ziren eta herrialdeak galera ekonomiko izugarriak izan zituen, baina <a href="/wiki/Teherango_Batzarra" title="Teherango Batzarra">Teherango</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaltako_Batzarra" title="Jaltako Batzarra">Jaltako</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Potsdamgo_Batzarra" title="Potsdamgo Batzarra">Potsdamgo</a> batzarretan onura politiko handiak lortu zituen eta Aliatuek ekialdeko Europa SESBren menpeko zonaldea izatea onartu zuten.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guda eta gero, <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEBrekin</a> batera, SESB munduko potentzia handiena bilakatu zen. Laster AEBak Sobietar Batasunaren hedapena geldiarazteko beharra ikusi zuen. <a href="/wiki/Truman_doktrina" title="Truman doktrina">Truman doktrinak</a> <a href="/wiki/Gerra_Hotza" title="Gerra Hotza">Gerra Hotzari</a> hasiera eman zion, <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Apirilaren_12" title="Apirilaren 12">apirilaren 12an</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stalinen_ondoren">Stalinen ondoren</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Stalinen ondoren»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Stalinen ondoren"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Kennedy_and_Khrushchev_in_Vienna_1961.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Kennedy_and_Khrushchev_in_Vienna_1961.png/200px-Kennedy_and_Khrushchev_in_Vienna_1961.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Kennedy_and_Khrushchev_in_Vienna_1961.png/300px-Kennedy_and_Khrushchev_in_Vienna_1961.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Kennedy_and_Khrushchev_in_Vienna_1961.png/400px-Kennedy_and_Khrushchev_in_Vienna_1961.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrustxev" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikita Khrustxev">Nikita Khrustxevek</a> blokeen arteko «bakezko koexistentzia» aldarrikatu zuen. Argazki honetan, AEBetako presidente <a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy">John Fitzgerald Kennedyrekin</a> dago.</figcaption></figure> <p>Stalin <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Martxoaren_5" title="Martxoaren 5">martxoaren 5ean</a> hil zen. Haren ondorengoa izateko, <a href="/wiki/Lavrenti_Beria" title="Lavrenti Beria">Lavrenti Beria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viatxeslav_Molotov" title="Viatxeslav Molotov">Viatxeslav Molotov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgi_Malenkov" title="Georgi Malenkov">Georgi Malenkov</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrustxev" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikita Khrustxev">Nikita Khrustxev</a> lehiatu ziren. Azkenean Nikita Khrustxevek <a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Batasuneko_Alderdi_Komunista" title="Sobietar Batasuneko Alderdi Komunista">Alderdi Komunistaren</a> idazkari nagusi (<a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953tik</a> aurrera) eta Sobietar Batasuneko presidente (<a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958tik</a> aurrera) izatea lortu zuen.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aro honetan, Estatu Batuekin batera SESB zen zientzian eta teknologian gehien ikertzen zuen herrialdea. Bi herrialde horiek <a href="/wiki/Espazioko_lasterketa" title="Espazioko lasterketa">Lehia espaziala</a> izeneko norgehiagoka egin zuten. Aurreneko garaipenak Sobietar Batasunak lortu zituen: lehenengo satelite artifiziala bidali zuten espaziora (<a href="/wiki/Sputnik" title="Sputnik">Sputnik</a> 1), lehenengo izaki biziduna (<a href="/wiki/Laika" title="Laika">Laika</a>) eta geroago lehenengo astronauta (<a href="/wiki/Juri_Gagarin" title="Juri Gagarin">Juri Gagarin</a>). <a href="/wiki/Valentina_Terexkova" title="Valentina Terexkova">Valentina Terexkova</a> lehenengo emakume astronauta izan zen, eta <a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Leonov" title="Aleksei Leonov">Aleksei Leonovek</a> espazioko lehenbiziko ibilaldia egin zuen. </p><p>Khrustxev <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964an</a> erretiratu zen. Hurrengo lehendakaria <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a> izan zen. <a href="/wiki/1970eko_hamarkada" title="1970eko hamarkada">1970eko hamarkadan</a> Sobietar Batasunaren indar militarra handitu zuen. <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979an</a> <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistango</a> gatazkan esku hartu zuen, aurreko urtean <a href="/wiki/Estatu_kolpe" class="mw-redirect" title="Estatu kolpe">estatu kolpe</a> batez boterea bereganatua zuen Afganistango gobernu komunistak eskatuta, gehienbat islamiar ultrakontserbadoreak ziren matxinatuen aurka borrokatzeko; halaxe abiatu zen <a href="/wiki/Afganistango_gerra_(1979-1989)" title="Afganistango gerra (1979-1989)">Afganistango gerra (1979-1989)</a>. Gerra hori galtzeak asko ahuldu zuen Sobietar Batasuna.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Urte askoan SESB <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEBen</a> parean izan zen teknologia militarrean; baina, egoera ekonomiko larria zela eta, Sobietar Batasuna atzean geldituz joan zen. Hurrengo urteetan ekonomiak hobera egin zuen pixkanaka, baina nekazaritzak itota segitzen zuen eta, horren ondorioz, hainbat biztanle hil ziren, eguneroko elikagaien faltagatik.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SESBen_desagerpena">SESBen desagerpena</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «SESBen desagerpena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: SESBen desagerpena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Batasunaren_gainbehera" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobietar Batasunaren gainbehera">Sobietar Batasunaren gainbehera</a>»</div> <p><a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985eko</a> <a href="/wiki/Martxoaren_11" title="Martxoaren 11">martxoaren 11n</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbatxov" title="Mikhail Gorbatxov">Mikhail Gorbatxov</a> <a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Batasuneko_Alderdi_Komunista" title="Sobietar Batasuneko Alderdi Komunista">alderdi komunistaren</a> idazkari orokorra izendatu zuten. Handik aurrera hainbat aldaketa egin zituen politikan eta ekonomian. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Apirilaren_26" title="Apirilaren 26">apirilaren 26an</a> <a href="/wiki/Txernobylgo_hondamendia" title="Txernobylgo hondamendia">Txernobylgo hondamendia</a> gertatu zen <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukrainako</a> <a href="/wiki/Txernobyl" title="Txernobyl">Txernobyl</a> hirian. Historiako <a href="/wiki/Istripu_nuklear" title="Istripu nuklear">istripu nuklearrik</a> larriena izan zen: <a href="/wiki/Istripu_Nuklearren_Nazioarteko_Eskala" title="Istripu Nuklearren Nazioarteko Eskala">INES</a> (<i>International Nuclear Event Scale</i>) eskalan, 7. mailan kokatzen da (denetan handiena). </p><p><a href="/wiki/1980ko_hamarkada" title="1980ko hamarkada">1980ko hamarkadaren</a> bukaeran, sobietar errepublika batzuetan mugimenduak hasi ziren, independentzia eskatuz. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990an</a>, Lituaniak independentzia aldarrikatu zuen eta hurrengo urtean, <a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letoniak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estoniak</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Martxoaren_17" title="Martxoaren 17">martxoaren 17an</a> SESBren iraupenari buruzko <a href="/wiki/Erreferendum" title="Erreferendum">erreferenduma</a> egin zen. Hamabost errepubliketatik seik erreferenduma boikotatu zuten, independentzia nahi zutelako. Beste bederatziek Sobiet Batasunaren erreforma onartu zuten. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Abuztuaren_18" title="Abuztuaren 18">abuztuaren 18an</a> Gorbatxoven kontrako estatu kolpe saiakera izan zen, baino porrot egin zuen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Abenduaren_8" title="Abenduaren 8">abenduaren 8an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusiako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukrainako</a>, eta <a href="/wiki/Bielorrusia" title="Bielorrusia">Bielorrusiako</a> lehendakariek bildu eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beloveshko_Ituna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beloveshko Ituna (sortu gabe)">Beloveshko Ituna</a> sinatu zuten. <a href="/wiki/Estatu_Burujabeen_Erkidegoa" title="Estatu Burujabeen Erkidegoa">Estatu Burujabeen Erkidegoaren</a> sorrera izan zen eta SESBaren deuseztatze ofiziala.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Estatuaren_antolakuntza_eta_administrazioa">Estatuaren antolakuntza eta administrazioa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Estatuaren antolakuntza eta administrazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Estatuaren antolakuntza eta administrazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Abenduaren_30" title="Abenduaren 30">abenduaren 30ean</a> Sobieten Kongresuak Sobietar Batasuna sortu zuen, Errusia, Ukraina, Bielorrusia eta <a href="/wiki/Transkaukasia" title="Transkaukasia">Transkaukasia</a> (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan) barne hartzen zituela. Gerora gainerako errepublikak erantsi zitzaizkion: Uzbekistan eta Turkmenistan (1924); Tajikistan (1929); Estonia, Letonia, Lituania eta Moldavia (1940). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Estatu" title="Estatu">Estatua</a>, beraz, nazio askotarikoa zen, eta egitura federalekoa. Halaber, nazionalitateen eta arrazen berdintasun printzipioari men eginez, zenbait errepublika federaturen barne <a href="/wiki/Etnia" title="Etnia">etnia</a> edo talde nazionalei zegozkien errepublika autonomoak (20), <a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">oblast</a> edo probintziak (8), okrug edo barruti autonomoak (10) eta lurralde zein probintzia asko bereizten ziren. Modu horretara 100dik gorako talde etnolinguistikoek beren <a href="/wiki/Kultura" title="Kultura">kultura</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza" title="Hizkuntza">hizkuntza</a> gorde edo garatu ahal izan zuten. Errepublika federatuak eskubidez berdinak eta burujabeak ziren eta, <a href="/wiki/Konstituzio" title="Konstituzio">konstituzioaren</a> arabera, autonomia nazionala zuten (politikoa, militarra, linguistikoa, kulturala). </p><p>Nolanahi ere, eskubide horiek formalak ziren gehienbat, zeren eta haietaz baliatzeko egokieraz alderdi komunistak ez bestek erabaki baitzezakeen. Legegintzari dagokionez, estatuaren aginpide-organo nagusia Sobiet Gorena zen, bi kamarez osatua –<a href="/w/index.php?title=Batasunaren_Sobieta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batasunaren Sobieta (sortu gabe)">Batasunaren Sobieta</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazionalitateen_Sobieta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazionalitateen Sobieta (sortu gabe)">Nazionalitateen Sobieta</a>–, eta <a href="/wiki/Sufragio_unibertsal" title="Sufragio unibertsal">sufragio unibertsalez</a> lau urtean behin hautatzen zena. Organo horretatik Sobiet Goreneko Presidium delakoa –estatu-buru kolegiatuaren zeregina betetzen zuena– eta Ministro Kontseilua irteten ziren. Sobiet Gorenari eta haren batzordeei administrazio federalaren kontrola zegokien; <a href="/wiki/Errepublika" title="Errepublika">errepublika</a> federatuen edo errepublika autonomoen administrazioa sobieten esku zeuden eta, hala berean, beheragoko mailetan. <a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Batasuneko_Alderdi_Komunista" title="Sobietar Batasuneko Alderdi Komunista">Sobietar Batasuneko Alderdi Komunistak</a>, bere aldetik, eginkizun erabakigarria zuen Sobietetarako hautagaiak aukeratzeko prozeduran. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B-1963.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B-1963.png/250px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B-1963.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B-1963.png/330px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B-1963.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B-1963.png/500px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B-1963.png 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1346" /></a><figcaption>Sobietar Batasuna 1962an.</figcaption></figure> <p>Politikoki 15 sobietar errepublika sozialistetan (SES) banatua egon zen 1940tik 1991ra bitartean: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armeniako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Armeniako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Armeniako SES</a> (oraingo <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijango_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Azerbaijango Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Azerbaijango SES</a> (oraingo <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielorrusiako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Bielorrusiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Bielorrusiako SES</a> (oraingo <a href="/wiki/Bielorrusia" title="Bielorrusia">Bielorrusia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errusiako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista_Federatiboa" title="Errusiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista Federatiboa">Errusiako SESF</a> (oraingo <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusiar Federakundea</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estoniako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Estoniako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Estoniako SES</a> (oraingo <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgiako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Georgiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Georgiako SES</a> (oraingo <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstango_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Kazakhstango Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Kazakhstango SES</a> (oraingo <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirgiziako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Kirgiziako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Kirgiziako SES</a> (oraingo <a href="/wiki/Kirgizistan" title="Kirgizistan">Kirgizistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letoniako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Letoniako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Letoniako SES</a> (oraingo <a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lituaniako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Lituaniako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Lituaniako SES</a> (oraingo <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldaviako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Moldaviako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Moldaviako SES</a> (oraingo <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistango_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Tajikistango Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Tajikistango SES</a> (oraingo <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tadjikistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistango_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Turkmenistango Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Turkmenistango SES</a> (oraingo <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Ukrainako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Ukrainako SES</a> (oraingo <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistango_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Uzbekistango Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Uzbekistango SES</a> (oraingo <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alderdi_Komunista">Alderdi Komunista</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Alderdi Komunista»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Alderdi Komunista"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bakarra, zentralizatua eta <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Leninen</a> ideien arabera moldatua, haren aginpide-eginkizuna guztizkoa zen, errepublika guztietan eratua zegoelarik. Alderdiak, beraz, <a href="/wiki/Gizarte" title="Gizarte">gizarte</a> bizitzaren maila guztietara zabaltzen du bere ideologia eta politika: <a href="/wiki/Ekonomia" title="Ekonomia">ekonomia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kultura" title="Kultura">kultura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hezkuntza" title="Hezkuntza">hezkuntza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zientzia" title="Zientzia">zientzia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arte_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Arte (argipena)">artea</a>, armada. Alderdiko Kongresuak Batzorde Zentrala izendatzen zuen eta hark, berriz, alderdiaren zuzendaritza organoa, <a href="/wiki/Politburo" title="Politburo">Politburo</a> edo Bulego Politikoa, aukeratzen zuen, eta bulego politikoak alderdiko idazkari nagusia hautatzen zuen, estatuaren egiazko agintari gorena, alegia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agintari_gorenak">Agintari gorenak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Agintari gorenak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Agintari gorenak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SESBeko buru edo agintari gorenak hauek izan ziren: </p> <ul><li>1922–1924 – <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>,</li> <li>1924–1953 – <a href="/wiki/Iosif_Stalin" title="Iosif Stalin">Josef Stalin</a>,</li> <li>1953–1964 – <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrustxev" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikita Khrustxev">Nikita Khrustxov</a>,</li> <li>1964–1982 – <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a>,</li> <li>1982–1983 – <a href="/wiki/Juri_Andropov" title="Juri Andropov">Iuri Andropov</a>,</li> <li>1984–1985 – <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Txernenko" title="Konstantin Txernenko">Konstantin Txernenko</a>,</li> <li>1985–1991 – <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbatxov" title="Mikhail Gorbatxov">Mikhail Gorbatxov</a>.</li></ul> <p>Agintari horiek bete zuten kargu ofiziala ez zen bakarra izan. Batzuek <a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Batasuneko_Alderdi_Komunista" title="Sobietar Batasuneko Alderdi Komunista">alderdiko</a> idazkari postua bete zuten SESBeko buru ziren bitartean; beste batzuek gobernuburu titulua izan zuten beren agintaritza garaian; azkenik, izan zen hainbat kargu ofizial konbinatu edo txandakatu zituenik, estatuko buruzagia izan zen bitartean. Izan ere, SESBak iraun zuen zazpi hamarkadetan ez zen agintari gorena izendatzeko titulu formal finko eta iraunkorrik egon (konparaziorako, beste herrialde batzuetan, agintari goren postua argiro lotuta dago titulu eta kargu ofizial jakin bati, adibidez AEBko agintari gorena <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_presidenteen_zerrenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako presidenteen zerrenda">presidentea</a> da, eta EAEkoa <a href="/wiki/Eusko_Jaurlaritzako_lehendakaria" title="Eusko Jaurlaritzako lehendakaria">lehendakaria</a>, baina SESBeko buruaren titulua ez zen gisa berean finkoa izan). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomia_eta_gizartea">Ekonomia eta gizartea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ekonomia eta gizartea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomia eta gizartea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:1953_Sobiet_Batasunaren_gune_ekonomiko_garrantzitsuenak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/1953_Sobiet_Batasunaren_gune_ekonomiko_garrantzitsuenak.jpg/220px-1953_Sobiet_Batasunaren_gune_ekonomiko_garrantzitsuenak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/1953_Sobiet_Batasunaren_gune_ekonomiko_garrantzitsuenak.jpg/330px-1953_Sobiet_Batasunaren_gune_ekonomiko_garrantzitsuenak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/1953_Sobiet_Batasunaren_gune_ekonomiko_garrantzitsuenak.jpg/440px-1953_Sobiet_Batasunaren_gune_ekonomiko_garrantzitsuenak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2836" data-file-height="2009" /></a><figcaption>1953 Sobietar Batasunaren gune ekonomiko garrantzitsuenak.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Sobietar Batasunak <a href="/wiki/Ekonomia" title="Ekonomia">ekonomia</a> planifikatua eta zentralizatua garatu zuen; produkzio baliabide (lurrak, fabrikak, garraiabideak, merkataritza…) guztien jabetza estatuari edo kooperatibei zegokien. <a href="/wiki/Gosplan" title="Gosplan">Gosplan</a> izeneko organismoak <a href="/wiki/Bost_Urteko_Planak_(Sobietar_Batasuna)" title="Bost Urteko Planak (Sobietar Batasuna)">bost urteko planak</a> –zentralizatuak eta ezinbestean bete beharrekoak– antolatzen zituen. 1950 arte <a href="/wiki/Industria" title="Industria">industria</a> azpiegiturak eta industria astunak beretu zuten halako planen lehentasuna; handik aurrera, nekazaritzak eta kontsumorako produktuek hartu zuten lehentasuna. <a href="/wiki/Nekazaritza" title="Nekazaritza">Nekazaritzak</a> langileriaren % 15-20 hartzen zuen eta, ongarriz, makinaz eta biltegiz urri izanik ere, munduko lehen ekoizlea zen zenbait produktutan (patata, azukre kanabera, garagarra, zekalea) eta aurrenetarikoa beste batzuetan (artoa, oloa, kotoia, artilea). </p><p>Hala eta guztiz ere, zenbait labore inportatu behar zituen eta nahiz eta behi zein ardi aziendaren ekoizpena handia izan, ez zen nahikoa barneko beharrak asetzeko. Produkzio kolektiboa <a href="/wiki/Kolkhoz" title="Kolkhoz">kolkhozei</a> (kooperatibak) eta <a href="/wiki/Sovkhoz" title="Sovkhoz">sovkhozei</a> (estatuko etxaldeak) zegokien; horien ondoan, jabego pribatuko etxalde txikiak ziren, biztanleen eguneroko beharrak asetzen zituztenak hein handi batean. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Industria" title="Industria">Industria</a> Sobietar Batasunaren indarraren oinarria izan da. Langileriaren % 40 inguruk hartan ziharduten. Mea eta <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a> baliabideen ustiakuntzak munduko lehen edo bigarren mailan jarri zuen hainbat gairi dagokionez: ikatza, petrolioa, gas naturala, elektrizitatea, burdina, bauxita, manganesoa… <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europako</a> Errusiako erreserbak agortzeko bidean jarri zirenean Siberia lehen hornitzailea bihurtu zen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Industria_astun" title="Industria astun">Industria astuna</a> munduko lehenetarikoa zen, hala nola mea arro handietako <a href="/wiki/Burdingintza" title="Burdingintza">siderurgia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika">kimika</a>. Industria arina, ordea, ez zen hain garrantzitsua. Distantziak hain handiak izanik, komunikabideak ekonomia sobietarraren arazo handia ziren. Hegazkin eta espazio industriak indar handia zuen. Nazioarteko <a href="/wiki/Merkataritza" title="Merkataritza">merkataritza</a> harremanak ez ziren hain garrantzitsuak eta gehienbat <a href="/wiki/Comecon" class="mw-redirect" title="Comecon">Comeconeko</a> herrialde komunistekin egiten ziren. </p><p>Gizarte segurantza eta dohaineko osasun zerbitzuak biztanle guztiengana iristen ziren. <a href="/wiki/Hezkuntza" title="Hezkuntza">Hezkuntza</a> nahitaezkoa zen 7-17 urte bitartean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekonomia_SESBen_azkenengo_urteetan">Ekonomia SESBen azkenengo urteetan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ekonomia SESBen azkenengo urteetan»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomia SESBen azkenengo urteetan"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1988tik 1989ra bitartean, ekonomia berregituratzeko ahaleginari ekin zitzaion. Hain zuzen, enpresak, <a href="/wiki/Kooperatiba" title="Kooperatiba">kooperatibak</a> eta nekazaritza erreformatzeari ekin zioten. </p><p>1987ko ekainaren 30eko Estatuko Enpresei buruzko Legeak enpresen <a href="/wiki/Finantza" class="mw-redirect" title="Finantza">finantza</a>-autonomia eta deszentralizazio-maila areagotzeko helburua zuen, baina ez zuen lortu SESBeko ekonomia dinamizatzea, plan ahalguztiduen <a href="/wiki/Eskumen" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskumen">eskumenak</a> mugatu ez zutelako, ministerio sektorialak ezabatu ez zituztelako, eta ondasunen handizkako merkatua librea, Estatuko enpresak hornitzeko, sortu ezin izan zutelako. </p><p>1988an ere, jarduera kooperatiboa bultzatzea erabaki zen, eta horretarako mota horretako enpresen kopurua ugaritu zuten. Urtebete geroago, beste 133.000 ondasun -eta zerbitzu- kooperatuba sortu ziren. Nahiz et harrera ona izan, biztanleriak produktu horiek <a href="/wiki/Merkatu_beltz" title="Merkatu beltz">merkatu beltzean</a> erosteko ohitura zuenez, kooperatiba horietako <a href="/wiki/Prezio" title="Prezio">prezioak</a> denda ofizialetako prezioak halako 3 edo 4 ere izan zitezkeen. </p><p>Oinarrizo beste arazo batzuk ere konpontzeke zeuden; esaterako, nekazaritza-ondasunen jabetza eta nekazaritza-prezioen erreforma. Horrek argi eta garbi adierazten du ez zela pizgarri handirik sortu lurraren banakako ustiaketa bultzatzeko. </p><p>Ekoizpena ahuldu egin zen, eta banaketa-sistemek, berriz, okerrera egin zuten. </p><p>Aldi berean, <a href="/wiki/Enpresa_Misto" class="mw-redirect" title="Enpresa Misto">Enpresa Mistoak</a> Sortzeko Legea erreformatu eta malgutu egin zen, eta mota horretako ehunka enpresa eratu ziren aitaren batean: 1989ko amaieran, 1.300 sozietate misto zeuden Sobietar Batasunean. Hala ere, gehienek ezin izan zuten jardun, SESBen oraindik indarrean zegoen burokraziak geldiarazita. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultura">Kultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kultura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Kultura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Maxim_Gorky_LOC_Restored_edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Maxim_Gorky_LOC_Restored_edit1.jpg/220px-Maxim_Gorky_LOC_Restored_edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Maxim_Gorky_LOC_Restored_edit1.jpg/330px-Maxim_Gorky_LOC_Restored_edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Maxim_Gorky_LOC_Restored_edit1.jpg/440px-Maxim_Gorky_LOC_Restored_edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2579" data-file-height="3756" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki">Maksim Gorki</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sobietar kulturak hainbat etapa igaro zituen bere bizitzako 70 urteetan. Iraultzaren lehen hamaika urteetan (1918-1929), askatasun erlatibo bat egon zen, eta artistek hainbat estilo desberdinekin esperimentatu zuten, estilo artistiko sobietar bereizgarri bat aurkitzeko ahaleginean. Leninek artea herri sobietarrarentzat eskuragarria izatea nahi zuen. Bestalde, intelektual, idazle eta artista asko erbesteratuak edo exekutatuak izan ziren, eta haien lanak debekatuak. Bi adibide aipatuko ditugu: <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gumiliov" title="Nikolai Gumiliov">Nikolai Gumiliov</a> (Gobernu boltxebikearen aurka konspiratzeagatik exekutatua) eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jevgueni_Zamiatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jevgueni Zamiatin (sortu gabe)">Jevgueni Zamiatin</a> (debekatua). </p><p>Gobernuak joera ugari bultzatu zituen. Artean eta literaturan, eskola ugari, batzuk tradizionalak eta beste batzuk erabat esperimentalak, ugaritu egin ziren. Garai horretan <a href="/wiki/Maksim_Gorki" title="Maksim Gorki">Maksim Gorki</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Maiakovski" title="Vladimir Maiakovski">Vladimir Maiakovski</a> poeta aktiboak izan ziren garai horretan. <a href="/wiki/Sobietar_zinema" title="Sobietar zinema">Sobietar zinemak</a> Estatuaren babesa jaso zuen; <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Sergei Eisenstein</a> zinematografoaren lan onenetako asko garai honetakoak dira. </p><p>Geroago, <a href="/wiki/Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin">Stalinen</a> Gobernuan, sobietar kulturaren ezaugarria izan zen <a href="/wiki/Errealismo_sozialista" title="Errealismo sozialista">errealismo sozialistaren</a> goraldia eta estiloaren nagusitasuna. Beste joera guztiak hertsiki erreprimituak izan ziren, salbuespen bakan batzuekin, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Mikhail Bulgakoven</a> lanak. Idazle asko espetxeratu eta hil zituzten.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1950eko eta 1960ko hamarkadetan <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrustxov" title="Nikita Khrustxov">Nikita Khrustxoven</a> urtzearen ondoren, <a href="/wiki/Zentsura" title="Zentsura">zentsurak</a> behera egin zuen. Arte formetan esperimentazio handiagoa egitea berriro baimendu zen, eta, ondorioz, lan sofistikatuagoak eta kritikoagoak ekoizten hasi ziren. Gobernuak errealismo sozialistan lehen jarri zuen arreta jaitsi egin zen; hala, adibidez, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuri_Trifonov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuri Trifonov (sortu gabe)">Yuri Trifonov</a> egilearen eleberrietako protagonista asko beren buruez eta eguneroko bizitzako arazoez arduratzen ziren, sozialismoaren eraikuntzarekin egin beharrean. Literatura disidente klandestinoa, <i><a href="/wiki/Samizdat" title="Samizdat">samizdat</a></i> izenaz ezaguna, azken aldi horretan garatu zen, aldi berean. </p><p>Jrushchoven garaian, arkitektura sobietarra diseinu funtzionalean zentratu zen nagusiki, Stalinen garaiko estilo apainduari kontrajarrita. </p><p>1980ko hamarkadaren bigarren erdian, <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">perestroikaren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">glasnostaren</a> Gorbatxoveko politikek adierazpen-askatasuna nabarmen zabaldu zuten komunikabideetan eta prentsan.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nostalgia">Nostalgia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Nostalgia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Nostalgia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:2018-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_f171.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2018-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_f171.jpg/220px-2018-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_f171.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2018-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_f171.jpg/330px-2018-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_f171.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2018-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_f171.jpg/440px-2018-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_f171.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Garaipenaren Eguna <a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra">Bigarren Mundu Gerran</a> ospatzen <a href="/wiki/Donetskeko_Herri_Errepublika" title="Donetskeko Herri Errepublika">Donetskeko Herri Errepublikan</a>, 2018an.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sobietar Batasunarekiko nostalgia fenomeno arrunta da Errusian eta Sobietar Batasunaren ondorengo <a href="/wiki/Estatu_Burujabeen_Erkidegoa" title="Estatu Burujabeen Erkidegoa">Estatu Burujabeen Erkidegoan</a>, baita Sobietar Batasunean jaiotako atzerriko errusiar herritarren artean ere. Nostalgia hori sistema politikoan, gizartean, gizarte-segurantzan, kulturan edo estetikan adierazten da, baita haurtzaroko eta gaztaroko oroitzapenetan ere. Fenomeno hori eztabaidagarria da, eta iritzi-sorta zabala biltzen du. Errusiarren ia bi herenak ( % 62) Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasunaren (SESB) desegitea deitoratzen zuen 2021ean, Fundación Ortega-Marañón iritzi publikoko zentroak argitaratutako inkesta baten arabera.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Errusian ez dago hiri bakar bat ere, Leninen plaza bat eta Leninen eskultura handi bat ez duenik. Moskuko Plaza Gorrian Leninen gorpu baltsamatua bisitatzen dute egunero milaka turistek.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate" style="text-align:left; font-size: 90%"> <ul><li>Artikulu honen edukiaren zati bat <i>Lur hiztegi entziklopediko</i>tik edo <i>Lur entziklopedia tematiko</i>tik txertatu zen 2014-11-26 egunean. Egile-eskubideen jabeak, <a href="/wiki/Eusko_Jaurlaritza" title="Eusko Jaurlaritza">Eusko Jaurlaritzak</a>, hiztegi horiek <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/deed.eu">CC-BY 3.0 lizentziarekin</a> argitaratu ditu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opendata.euskadi.eus/katalogoa/-/lur-entziklopedia-tematikoa/">Open Data Euskadi webgunean</a>.</li></ul></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">EIMA: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308235949/http://www.hezkuntza.ejgv.euskadi.net/r43-573/eu/contenidos/informacion/dih/eu_5490/adjuntos/estilo_liburua/ONOMASTIKA/IZEN%20ZERRENDAK.pdf"><i>Eskola-liburuetako onomastikaren, gertaera historikoen eta artelanen izenak. Zerrendak</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hmn.wiki/eu/Soviet_Union">«Sobietar Batasuna»</a> <i>hmn.wiki</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-14)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.euskadi.eus/web01-a2lurhiz/es/contenidos/termino/_c05432/eu_s_2519/s2519.html">https://www.euskadi.eus/web01-a2lurhiz/es/contenidos/termino/_c05432/eu_s_2519/s2519.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/sobietar-errepublika-sozialisten-batasuna/m05vz3zq?hl=eu">https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/sobietar-errepublika-sozialisten-batasuna/m05vz3zq?hl=eu</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFRobertsonYates2003">Robertson, William Glenn; Yates, Lawrence A..  (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?hl=es&lr=&id=PhJlEZpvhvkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA29&dq=the+battle+of+stalingrad&ots=KXP-VhTxGe&sig=DLB9P2nQw7HJBUUQ4rY4v8sy008#v=onepage&q=the%20battle%20of%20stalingrad&f=false"><i>Block by Block: The Challenges of Urban Operations. </i></a> U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-78039-671-2" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-78039-671-2">978-1-78039-671-2</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-13)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFTrotsky2019-07-02">Trotsky, Leon.  (2019-07-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?hl=es&lr=&id=TxNqDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT7&dq=stalin&ots=rlhxNJ4sGQ&sig=MtQMG22X9ycQh4X-KhoDpymw5IE#v=onepage&q=stalin&f=false"><i>Stalin. </i></a> Haymarket Books <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-60846-772-3" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-60846-772-3">978-1-60846-772-3</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-13)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Geoffrey A. Hosking (2006). <i>Rulers and victims: the Russians in the Soviet Union</i>. Harvard University Press. 242 or. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780674021785" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-674-02178-5</a>.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=CDMVMqDvp4QC&pg=PA242&redir_esc=y&hl=es#v=onepage&q&f=false">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGlazov2012-12-06">Glazov, Yuri.  (2012-12-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?hl=es&lr=&id=5ehhBAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=Stalin's+death&ots=LU4W2wSK8i&sig=foMj2mZ42tJUCOoE4YnSfImBauM#v=onepage&q=Stalin's%20death&f=false"><i>The Russian Mind Since Stalin’s Death. </i></a> Springer Science & Business Media <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-94-009-5341-3" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-94-009-5341-3">978-94-009-5341-3</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-13)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span> REUVENY, RAFAEL; PRAKASH, ASEEM (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.washington.edu/aseem/afganwar.pdf">«The Afghanistan war and the breakdown of the Soviet Union»</a>(PDF). <i>Review of International Studies</i>. 25: 693–708.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFSolomon1996-10-28">Solomon, Peter H..  (1996-10-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?hl=es&lr=&id=YHB3XhZlDiUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=stalin+soviet&ots=RuUhnOW-Ps&sig=l7BD4Dh1CcQyuO48YkaVavJgfkA#v=onepage&q=stalin%20soviet&f=false"><i>Soviet Criminal Justice Under Stalin. </i></a> Cambridge University Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-521-56451-9" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-521-56451-9">978-0-521-56451-9</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-13)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www1.euskadi.net/harluxet/hiztegia1.asp?sarrera=SobietarErrepublikaSozialistenBatasuna">http://www1.euskadi.net/harluxet/hiztegia1.asp?sarrera=SobietarErrepublikaSozialistenBatasuna</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMartínez_RuedaAizpuru_Murua2011">Martínez Rueda, Fernando; Aizpuru Murua, Mikel.  (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ueu.eus/argitaletxea/liburuak/gaur-egungo-munduaren-historia-1945-2009"><i>Gaur egungo munduaren historia, 1945-2009. </i></a> Udako Euskal Unibertsitatea <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9788484383345" title="Berezi:BookSources/9788484383345">9788484383345</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> Ignacio Vidal-Folch, «Recordar el horror», <i>Revista de Libros</i>, 161, 2010eko maiatza, 29.or.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071218133116/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9037405">https://web.archive.org/web/20071218133116/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9037405</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.elconfidencial.com/mundo/europa/2021-12-22/urss-nostalgia-sovietica-rusia-caida-60-por-ciento-rusos_3346180/">https://www.elconfidencial.com/mundo/europa/2021-12-22/urss-nostalgia-sovietica-rusia-caida-60-por-ciento-rusos_3346180/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/12/19/actualidad/1545228653_659406.html">https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/12/19/actualidad/1545228653_659406.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.berria.eus/mundua/garai-berriak-baina-nostalgia-apur-batekin_1193503_102.html">https://www.berria.eus/mundua/garai-berriak-baina-nostalgia-apur-batekin_1193503_102.html</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Batasuneko_armarria" title="Sobietar Batasuneko armarria">Sobietar Batasuneko armarria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estatu_Burujabeen_Erkidegoa" title="Estatu Burujabeen Erkidegoa">Estatu Burujabeen Erkidegoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estatu_postsobietarrak" title="Estatu postsobietarrak">Estatu postsobietarrak</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.sarean.eus/sobietar-batasuna-oraindik-ere-bizirik/">[2]</a> Manex Garaio: "Sobietar Batasuna oraindik bizirik", Sarean .eus ingurune digitalean.</li> <li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.sovetika.ru/english/">[3]</a> Sovietika.ru webgunea.</li> <li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.gettyimages.es/fotos/antigua-unión-soviética">[4]</a> Sobietar Batasunaren irudiak Getti Images webgunean.</li> <li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-internacional-38090324">[5]</a> Sobietar Batasunaren hamar irudi enblematikoak, BBC News webgunean.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output 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1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15180" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q15180">Q15180</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Soviet_Union">Soviet Union</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q15180%22">Q15180</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-134262032">WorldCat</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/134262032">134262032</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123751518">0000000123751518</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865668d">11865668d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865668d">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4077548-3">4077548-3</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80126312">n80126312</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00743732">00743732</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128583">ge128583</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/search/display?dbid=auth&id=36332432">36332432</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046553">10046553</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026402629">026402629</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL67208A?mode=all">OL67208A</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Soviet-Union">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Lekuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Getty_Thesaurus_of_Geographic_Names" title="Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names">TGN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/6006211">6006211</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014586">D014586</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15180" class="extiw" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nagusiak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Armeniako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Armeniako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Armenia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijango_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Azerbaijango Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Azerbaijan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bielorrusiako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Bielorrusiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Bielorrusia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Estoniako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Estoniako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Estonia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Errusiako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista_Federatiboa" title="Errusiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista Federatiboa">Errusia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georgiako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Georgiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Georgia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstango_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Kazakhstango Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Kazakhstan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kirgiziako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Kirgiziako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Kirgizia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Letoniako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Letoniako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Letonia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lituaniako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Lituaniako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Lituania</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moldaviako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Moldaviako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Moldavia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tajikistango_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Tajikistango Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Tajikistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistango_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Turkmenistango Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Turkmenistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ukrainako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Ukrainako Sobietar Errepublika 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