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<li id="toc-Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Later history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notable buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Places_of_worship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_worship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Places of worship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_worship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cornish_wrestling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cornish_wrestling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Cornish wrestling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cornish_wrestling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Launceston, Cornwall</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%ABnh%C4%93afod" title="Dūnhēafod – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Dūnhēafod" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston_(Cornwall)" title="Launceston (Cornwall) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Launceston (Cornwall)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lannstefan" title="Lannstefan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lannstefan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston" title="Launceston – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Launceston" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston_(kapital_sa_distrito)" title="Launceston (kapital sa distrito) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Launceston (kapital sa distrito)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lannstefan" title="Lannstefan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lannstefan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston_(Cornwall)" title="Launceston (Cornwall) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Launceston (Cornwall)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston_(Cornualles)" title="Launceston (Cornualles) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Launceston (Cornualles)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston_(Kornualles)" title="Launceston (Kornualles) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Launceston (Kornualles)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84" title="لانستون، کورن‌وال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لانستون، کورن‌وال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston_(Royaume-Uni)" title="Launceston (Royaume-Uni) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Launceston (Royaume-Uni)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lannstefan" title="Lannstefan – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lannstefan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston_(Regno_Unito)" title="Launceston (Regno Unito) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Launceston (Regno Unito)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lannstefan" title="Lannstefan – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lannstefan" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston" title="Launceston – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Launceston" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston_(Cornwall)" title="Launceston (Cornwall) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Launceston (Cornwall)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston_i_Cornwall" title="Launceston i Cornwall – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Launceston i Cornwall" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston_(Anglia)" title="Launceston (Anglia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Launceston (Anglia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston_(Cornualha)" title="Launceston (Cornualha) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Launceston (Cornualha)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston,_Cornwall" title="Launceston, Cornwall – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Launceston, Cornwall" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лонстон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лонстон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston" title="Launceston – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Launceston" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston,_Cornwall" title="Launceston, Cornwall – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Launceston, Cornwall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston,_Cornwall" title="Launceston, Cornwall – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Launceston, Cornwall" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston" title="Launceston – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Launceston" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E5%A1%9E%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93_(%E5%BA%B7%E6%B2%83%E7%88%BE%E9%83%A1)" title="朗塞斯頓 (康沃爾郡) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="朗塞斯頓 (康沃爾郡)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q287590#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.637°N 4.360°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.637; -4.360</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Cornwall, England</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Human settlement in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Launceston<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist ib-uk-place-other-names"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a>: <i lang="kw">Lannstevan</i></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Town_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1286355.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Town_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1286355.jpg/240px-Town_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1286355.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Town_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1286355.jpg/360px-Town_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1286355.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Town_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1286355.jpg/480px-Town_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1286355.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="457" /></a></span><div>Town Square</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Launceston_from_Saint_Stephens_Hill_1973_-_geograph.org.uk_-_62801.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Launceston_from_Saint_Stephens_Hill_1973_-_geograph.org.uk_-_62801.jpg/240px-Launceston_from_Saint_Stephens_Hill_1973_-_geograph.org.uk_-_62801.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Launceston_from_Saint_Stephens_Hill_1973_-_geograph.org.uk_-_62801.jpg/360px-Launceston_from_Saint_Stephens_Hill_1973_-_geograph.org.uk_-_62801.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Launceston_from_Saint_Stephens_Hill_1973_-_geograph.org.uk_-_62801.jpg/480px-Launceston_from_Saint_Stephens_Hill_1973_-_geograph.org.uk_-_62801.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="640" /></a></span><div>Town centre in 1973 from Saint Stephen's Hill showing the prominent <a href="/wiki/Launceston_Castle" title="Launceston Castle">Launceston Castle</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornwall_UK_mainland_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Launceston is located in Cornwall"><img alt="Launceston is located in Cornwall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cornwall_UK_mainland_location_map.svg/240px-Cornwall_UK_mainland_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cornwall_UK_mainland_location_map.svg/360px-Cornwall_UK_mainland_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cornwall_UK_mainland_location_map.svg/480px-Cornwall_UK_mainland_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1187" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:33%;left:84.706%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Launceston"><img alt="Launceston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Launceston</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">9,216 (<a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" title="2011 United Kingdom census">2011 census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Royale et Loyale</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=50.636325~-4.355887&lvl=13&sp=Point.50.636325_-4.355887_Launceston&sty=s&style=s">SX335845</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">Civil parish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Launceston</li><li>St Stephens by Launceston Rural</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Unitary authority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council" title="Cornwall Council">Cornwall</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">LAUNCESTON</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PL_postcode_area" title="PL postcode area">PL15</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01566</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devon_and_Cornwall_Police" title="Devon and Cornwall Police">Devon and Cornwall</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service">Cornwall</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Ambulance_Service" title="South Western Ambulance Service">South Western</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Cornwall_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="North Cornwall (UK Parliament constituency)">North Cornwall</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Cornwall" title="List of places in Cornwall">Cornwall</a></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Launceston,_Cornwall&params=50.637_N_4.36_W_region:GB-CON_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°38′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">4°21′36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.637°N 4.360°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.637; -4.360</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Launceston</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LAHN</span>-stən, <span style="font-size:90%">LAWN</span>-</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">locally </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LA(H)N</span>-sən</i></a>; rarely spelled <b>Lanson</b> as a local abbreviation; <a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a>: <i lang="kw">Lannstevan</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a town, ancient borough, and <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parish</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. It is 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the middle stage of the <a href="/wiki/River_Tamar" title="River Tamar">River Tamar</a>, which constitutes almost the entire border between <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>. The landscape of the town is generally steep particularly at a sharp south-western knoll topped by <a href="/wiki/Launceston_Castle" title="Launceston Castle">Launceston Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These gradients fall down to the <a href="/wiki/River_Kensey" title="River Kensey">River Kensey</a> and smaller tributaries. </p><p>The town centre itself is bypassed and is no longer physically a main thoroughfare. The <a href="/wiki/A388_road" title="A388 road">A388</a> still runs through the town close to the centre. The town remains figuratively the "gateway to Cornwall", due to having the <a href="/wiki/A30_road" title="A30 road">A30</a>, one of the two dual carriageways into the county, pass directly next to the town. The other dual carriageway and alternative main point of entry is the <a href="/wiki/A38_road" title="A38 road">A38</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saltash" title="Saltash">Saltash</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Tamar_Bridge" title="Tamar Bridge">Tamar Bridge</a> and was completed in 1962. There are smaller points of entry to Cornwall on minor roads. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Launceston_Steam_Railway" title="Launceston Steam Railway">Launceston Steam Railway</a> <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge railway">narrow-gauge</a> <a href="/wiki/Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">heritage railway</a> runs as a tourist attraction during the summer months. It was restored for aesthetic and industrial heritage purposes and runs along a short rural route, it is popular with visitors but does not run for much of the year. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Launceston_Castle" title="Launceston Castle">Launceston Castle</a> was built by <a href="/wiki/Robert,_Count_of_Mortain" title="Robert, Count of Mortain">Robert, Count of Mortain</a> (half-brother of William the Conqueror), <abbr title="circa (about)">c.</abbr> 1070 to control the surrounding area. Launceston was the <i><a href="/wiki/Caput" title="Caput">caput</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Feudal_barony_of_Launceston" title="Feudal barony of Launceston">feudal barony of Launceston</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Cornwall" title="Earl of Cornwall">Earldom of Cornwall</a> until replaced by <a href="/wiki/Lostwithiel" title="Lostwithiel">Lostwithiel</a> in the 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Launceston was later the <a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">county town</a> of Cornwall until 1835 when <a href="/wiki/Bodmin" title="Bodmin">Bodmin</a> replaced it. </p><p>Two civil parishes serve the town and its outskirts, of which the central more built-up administrative unit housed 8,952 residents at the 2011 census.<sup id="cite_ref-oldname_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oldname-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three <a href="/wiki/Wards_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Wards of the United Kingdom">electoral wards</a> include reference to the town, their total population, from 2011 census data, being 11,837 and two ecclesiastical parishes serve the former single parish, with three churches and a large swathe of land to the north and west part of the area. </p><p>Launceston's motto <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">"Royale et Loyale"</i></span> (English translation: Royal and Loyal) is a reference to its adherence to the <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Cavalier</a> cause during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> of the mid-17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Launceston,_Cornwall&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cornish name of "Launceston", <i>Lannstevan</i>, means the "church enclosure of St Stephen" and is derived from the former <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> at St Stephen's a few miles north-west (the castle and town were originally named Dunheved) and the <a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Common Brittonic</a> placename element <a href="/wiki/Llan_(placename_element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Llan (placename element)">lan-</a>. Dunheved was the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Brittonic_languages" title="Southwestern Brittonic languages">Southwestern Brittonic</a> name for the town in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Cornwall#Relationship_with_Wessex" title="History of Cornwall">West Saxon</a> period. </p><p>The earliest known Cornish mint was at Launceston, which operated on a minimal scale at the time of <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_the_Unready" title="Æthelred the Unready">Æthelred the Unready</a> before Cornwall received full diocesan jurisdiction in 994. Only one specimen is known to exist. In the reign of <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a>, the mint was moved to Dunheved and remained in existence until the reign of Henry II, 1160.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III of England</a>, another <a href="/wiki/Mint_(coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mint (coin)">mint</a> was established in Launceston. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Launceston_Castle" title="Launceston Castle">Launceston Castle</a>, in good repair, is a <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> <a href="/wiki/Motte-and-bailey_castle" title="Motte-and-bailey castle">motte-and-bailey castle</a>, and was built by <a href="/wiki/Robert,_Count_of_Mortain" title="Robert, Count of Mortain">Robert, Count of Mortain</a> (half-brother of William the Conqueror) <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1070</span> to dominate the surrounding area. Launceston was the <i><a href="/wiki/Caput" title="Caput">caput</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Feudal_barony_of_Launceston" title="Feudal barony of Launceston">feudal barony of Launceston</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Cornwall" title="Earl of Cornwall">Earldom of Cornwall</a> until replaced by <a href="/wiki/Lostwithiel" title="Lostwithiel">Lostwithiel</a> in the 13th century. Launceston was later the <a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">county town</a> of Cornwall until 1835 when <a href="/wiki/Bodmin" title="Bodmin">Bodmin</a> replaced it. The lands of Robert, Count of Mortain, became the core holdings of the feudal barony of Launceston, and the Fleming family continued to hold most of their manors from that barony, as can be seen from entries in the Book of Fees. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> (1086) it is recorded that Launceston was held by the Count of Mortain, and that he had his castle there. There was land for 10 ploughs, 1 villein and 13 smallholders with 4 ploughs, 2 mills which paid 40 <a href="/wiki/Shillings" class="mw-redirect" title="Shillings">shillings</a> (£2 sterling) and 40 acres of pasture. The value of the manor was only £4 though it had formerly been worth £20.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Roman Catholic saint and martyr <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Mayne" title="Cuthbert Mayne">Cuthbert Mayne</a> was executed at Launceston in 1577; a legacy of memorials and a church exists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_War">Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Launceston,_Cornwall&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> Launceston was known to be <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Royale et Loyale</i></span> to <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a>, hence its <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">coat of arms</a>. His son, who was later crowned <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a>, stayed in the town for a couple of days en route to the <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Cavalier</a> army based further west. </p><p>In 1643, the Parliamentarian forces under the command of Major General James Chudleigh advanced in an attempt to capture Launceston from the Royalists. The Royalist commander, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hopton,_1st_Baron_Hopton" title="Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton">Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton</a>, stationed his forces on the summit of Beacon Hill, a steep hill which overlooks the town. The Parliamentarians captured the foot of the hill, but were unable to dislodge the Royalist forces from the top. Hopton led a counterattack down the hill and, despite fierce fighting and the arrival of Parliamentary reinforcements, forced Chudleigh's troops to retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-ECW_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECW-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Grenville,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Grenville, 1st Baronet">Sir Richard Grenville, 1st Baronet</a> was committed by Prince Charles to Launceston Prison for refusing to obey Lord Hopton; Grenville had already quarrelled with General <a href="/wiki/George_Goring,_Lord_Goring" title="George Goring, Lord Goring">George Goring, Lord Goring</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_history">Later history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Launceston,_Cornwall&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Launceston has the only document in the UK signed by <a href="/wiki/Mary_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary II of England">Mary II of England</a> and her husband, <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III of England</a>. The very poor means of transport within Cornwall, which did not begin to be improved until the late 18th century, meant that assizes were held in Launceston.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the situation had been improved Bodmin became the county town where the assizes were held (at the <a href="/wiki/Shire_Hall,_Bodmin" title="Shire Hall, Bodmin">Shire Hall</a> there in 1838).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Launceston's role as the <i>de facto</i> county town of Cornwall became established in the 13th century but it was never officially designated as the county town.<sup id="cite_ref-Balchin,_W._G._V._1967_p._25_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balchin,_W._G._V._1967_p._25-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frith,_Francis_-_Launceston,_Marktplatz_(Zeno_Fotografie).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Frith%2C_Francis_-_Launceston%2C_Marktplatz_%28Zeno_Fotografie%29.jpg/220px-Frith%2C_Francis_-_Launceston%2C_Marktplatz_%28Zeno_Fotografie%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Frith%2C_Francis_-_Launceston%2C_Marktplatz_%28Zeno_Fotografie%29.jpg/330px-Frith%2C_Francis_-_Launceston%2C_Marktplatz_%28Zeno_Fotografie%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Frith%2C_Francis_-_Launceston%2C_Marktplatz_%28Zeno_Fotografie%29.jpg/440px-Frith%2C_Francis_-_Launceston%2C_Marktplatz_%28Zeno_Fotografie%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="869" /></a><figcaption>The market at Launceston (period 1850–98) by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Frith" title="Francis Frith">Francis Frith</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Viscount_Launceston" title="Viscount Launceston">Viscount Launceston</a> was a title of nobility created in 1726 (as Viscount of Launceston) but is now extinct. In the early 19th century, Launceston gave its name to the settlement, <a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania" title="Launceston, Tasmania">Launceston, Tasmania</a>, which is now the second largest city in Tasmania. </p><p>During World War Two, racial tensions in the ranks of American soldiers sparked a shootout in the town square. Fourteen African American soldiers of the 581st Ordnance Ammunition Company were charged with mutiny.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Launceston,_Cornwall&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prior%27s_Bridge_and_the_River_Kensey_-_geograph.org.uk_-_323493.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Prior%27s_Bridge_and_the_River_Kensey_-_geograph.org.uk_-_323493.jpg/220px-Prior%27s_Bridge_and_the_River_Kensey_-_geograph.org.uk_-_323493.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Prior%27s_Bridge_and_the_River_Kensey_-_geograph.org.uk_-_323493.jpg/330px-Prior%27s_Bridge_and_the_River_Kensey_-_geograph.org.uk_-_323493.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Prior%27s_Bridge_and_the_River_Kensey_-_geograph.org.uk_-_323493.jpg/440px-Prior%27s_Bridge_and_the_River_Kensey_-_geograph.org.uk_-_323493.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Prior's Bridge over the <a href="/wiki/River_Kensey" title="River Kensey">River Kensey</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Launceston is a market town, castle, recreational and heritage railway visitor town and the main shopping centre for the adjoining rural areas of west Devon and east Cornwall. The town is mainly built on the south side of a large hill almost immune to <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">flooding</a>, unlike its northern neighbourhood, <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Cornwall" title="Newport, Cornwall">Newport</a> in part on a slightly wider plain at the bottom of the hill, which is susceptible to flooding by the <a href="/wiki/River_Kensey" title="River Kensey">River Kensey</a>. </p><p>The suburb of Newport is recorded for the first time during the 13th century. The natural advantages of the Launceston district had been recognised by the Anglo-Saxon monks of St Stephen and by the Norman lord of Cornwall in the reign of King William I. At this point in the course of the River Tamar it is joined by four tributaries within a short distance and its floodplain is relatively large, while further south the Tamar valley is narrow and meandering.<sup id="cite_ref-Balchin,_W._G._V._1967_p._25_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balchin,_W._G._V._1967_p._25-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Launceston is connected to the <a href="/wiki/A30_road" title="A30 road">A30</a> trunk route, a <a href="/wiki/Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway">dual carriageway</a> <a href="/wiki/Bypass_(road)" title="Bypass (road)">bypass</a> carrying its road traffic south of the town. The bypass crosses the River Tamar on the <i>Dunheved Bridge</i> built in 1975–1976 and substantially rebuilt 2006–2007.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through this the town is approximately 42 miles (68 km) west of <a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a>, 27 miles (43 km) north-west of <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a> and 21 miles (34 km) east of the smaller regional centre of <a href="/wiki/Bodmin" title="Bodmin">Bodmin</a>. It is roughly midway between the north coast of Cornwall (at <a href="/wiki/Bude" title="Bude">Bude</a>) and the south coast (at <a href="/wiki/Saltash" title="Saltash">Saltash</a>). </p><p>Launceston <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parish</a> comprises the town whereas St Stephens by Launceston Rural civil parish covers all outskirts, save for those south of the town. These each convene to discuss events funding, recreational funding and general planning matters.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stourscombe SSSI, a geological <a href="/wiki/Site_of_Special_Scientific_Interest" title="Site of Special Scientific Interest">Site of Special Scientific Interest</a>, one mile (1.6 km) to the east of Launceston, is designated ″... for the best inland exposure of the Upper <a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a> in South West England and the type locality of the Stourscombe Beds (Upper <a href="/wiki/Famennian" title="Famennian">Famennian</a>).″<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_buildings">Notable buildings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Launceston,_Cornwall&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notable buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Launceston_gate.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Launceston_gate.JPG/220px-Launceston_gate.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Launceston_gate.JPG/330px-Launceston_gate.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Launceston_gate.JPG/440px-Launceston_gate.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>South Gate</figcaption></figure> <p>Part of the town wall is still in existence including the South Gate of two arches. The White Hart Hotel incorporates a Norman doorway possibly removed from the Friary at St Thomas'. New Bridge (early 16th century) crosses the River Tamar: it is of granite. Two old bridges cross the River Kensey: one mediaeval and one built in 1580. The Baptist chapel is late 18th century and a number of Georgian houses may also be seen.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three nonconformist churches/chapels served the 19th-century town: Wesleyan Methodist, Bible Christian, and Calvinist.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Cornwall and West Devon's <a href="/wiki/Elim_Pentecostal_Church" title="Elim Pentecostal Church">Elim Pentecostal Church</a> is in the town. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_House,_Cornwall" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence House, Cornwall">Lawrence House</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade II* listed">Grade II* listed</a> building on Castle St, houses the town museum.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Madford is a house built in the second half of the 17th century by Sir Hugh Piper. By 1777 it came into the possession of Richard Vyvyan of <a href="/wiki/Trelowarren" class="mw-redirect" title="Trelowarren">Trelowarren</a> through his marriage to Philippa Piper. Philip Vyvyan, son of Richard, conveyed it to the Rev. John Lethbridge whose successors were attorneys and also town clerks and deputy recorders of Launceston. The legal firm of Lethbridge was joined in 1828 by Charles Gurney who in 1833 became town clerk, an office he held until 1867. The next town clerk was John Lethbridge Cowlard who bought Madford from his uncle in 1841 (he was also borough treasurer for over 50 years).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Launceston,_Cornwall&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Launceston_Guildhall_and_Town_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Launceston_Guildhall_and_Town_hall.jpg/220px-Launceston_Guildhall_and_Town_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Launceston_Guildhall_and_Town_hall.jpg/330px-Launceston_Guildhall_and_Town_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Launceston_Guildhall_and_Town_hall.jpg/440px-Launceston_Guildhall_and_Town_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Launceston_Guildhall_and_Town_Hall" title="Launceston Guildhall and Town Hall">Launceston Guildhall and Town Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Launceston_Chamber_of_Trade_Presidents_Chain_(geograph_4037578).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Launceston_Chamber_of_Trade_Presidents_Chain_%28geograph_4037578%29.jpg/220px-Launceston_Chamber_of_Trade_Presidents_Chain_%28geograph_4037578%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Launceston_Chamber_of_Trade_Presidents_Chain_%28geograph_4037578%29.jpg/330px-Launceston_Chamber_of_Trade_Presidents_Chain_%28geograph_4037578%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Launceston_Chamber_of_Trade_Presidents_Chain_%28geograph_4037578%29.jpg/440px-Launceston_Chamber_of_Trade_Presidents_Chain_%28geograph_4037578%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption>Launceston Chamber of Trade President's Chain showing the coat of arms and motto</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Launceston_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Launceston (UK Parliament constituency)">Launceston</a> was a Parliamentary Borough from medieval times, with the right to return two members of parliament. However, before the 19th-century Reform Acts the right to vote was not held by all the residents but only by the freemen of the borough, and by 1832 there were fewer than 50 and it had come to be regarded as a <a href="/wiki/Rotten_borough" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotten borough">rotten borough</a>, one of many in Cornwall. Neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Newport_(Cornwall)_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Newport (Cornwall) (UK Parliament constituency)">Newport</a> was also a borough with two MPs of its own. Launceston lost one of its two MPs and Newport both by the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Act_1832" title="Reform Act 1832">Great Reform Act</a> of 1832; the area included in the borough of Launceston was considerably extended to enable the franchise to be opened up. It finally lost its right to separate representation in 1885, and became part of a new county constituency of Cornwall named after the town. Since 1918 it has been part of the North Cornwall parliamentary constituency. The current MP, since 2024, is the Liberal Democrat <a href="/wiki/Ben_Maguire" title="Ben Maguire">Ben Maguire</a>. </p><p>Launceston was once regarded as the capital of Cornwall (although it was never officially the county town – see above), and in 1973 the <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Prince of Wales</a> visited to receive his <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal</a> dues from the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cornwall" title="Duchy of Cornwall">Duchy of Cornwall</a>. </p><p>The arms of the town are Gu. a triple circular tower in a pyramidal form Or the first battlements mounted with cannon of the last, all within a bordure Az. charged with eight towers domed on the second. A badge was granted on 26 Mar 1906, being the first ever granted to a civic body: A keep or castle Gold.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Launceston is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with Plestin-les-Grèves in Brittany, France.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town council is based in <a href="/wiki/Launceston_Guildhall_and_Town_Hall" title="Launceston Guildhall and Town Hall">Launceston Guildhall and Town Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-town_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-town-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Launceston,_Cornwall&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The outskirts of Launceston host some large retail businesses with convenience, niche and fine weather tourist-catering commerce in the town centre. The three main industrial estates are Pennygillam, Scarne and Newport. </p><p>Launceston is located on the <a href="/wiki/A30_road_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="A30 road (England)">A30</a> trunk road into Cornwall and has a number of transport based business mainly located in Pennygillam Industrial estate. A major local business is the <a href="/wiki/DS_Smith" title="DS Smith">DS Smith</a> packaging products manufacturing plant. Launceston is located in predominately rural area and has a number of business dedicated to supporting the surrounding rural economy. </p><p>The town has several restaurants, cafés, takeaways and a number of pubs. There are fewer pubs than in the Victorian era, a national trend with the larger ones tending to survive which specialise in their food, others of which provide live music events on a weekly basis. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Fulling_mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulling mill">tucking mill</a> was established in the 15th century by the Flemings in the north of the town (Newport), water-powered, continuing in use for corn until 1968. A manuscript left by Richard Robbins (died 1910) records eight <a href="/wiki/Tannery" class="mw-redirect" title="Tannery">tanneries</a> in the town in the 19th century. A <a href="/wiki/Mechanics%27_institute" title="Mechanics' institute">mechanics' institute</a> was founded in 1847 at the Central Subscription Room. The <a href="/wiki/Gasworks" title="Gasworks">gasworks</a> was established as early as 1834 by Waygood & Porter of <a href="/wiki/Beaminster" title="Beaminster">Beaminster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Duchy_Originals_from_Waitrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy Originals from Waitrose">Duchy Originals</a> company first manufactured its products in 2006 by opening a factory in Launceston making sweet and savoury pastry products but made a loss of £447,158 in the financial year 2006/07.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 2009 the bakery in Launceston was sold at a loss, contributing to the Duchy Originals company making a loss for 2009 – 10.<sup id="cite_ref-Duchy_Originals_reports_Loss_as_sales_slump_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duchy_Originals_reports_Loss_as_sales_slump-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Natural_Fibre_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural Fibre Company">Natural Fibre Company</a> (TNFC) is a British <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a> mill based in Launceston and is the only small-scale full range textile mill in the UK. The main focus of the business is to add value to naturally coloured raw fleece which is bought from farmers, smallholders and rare sheep breeders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Launceston,_Cornwall&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunheved_Cross_-_geograph.org.uk_-_429070.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Dunheved_Cross_-_geograph.org.uk_-_429070.jpg/220px-Dunheved_Cross_-_geograph.org.uk_-_429070.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Dunheved_Cross_-_geograph.org.uk_-_429070.jpg/330px-Dunheved_Cross_-_geograph.org.uk_-_429070.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Dunheved_Cross_-_geograph.org.uk_-_429070.jpg/440px-Dunheved_Cross_-_geograph.org.uk_-_429070.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Dunheved Cross</figcaption></figure> <p>The poet <a href="/wiki/Charles_Causley" title="Charles Causley">Charles Causley</a> was a native and long-standing resident of the town where he was both born and died. He was at one time contender for <a href="/wiki/Poet_Laureate" class="mw-redirect" title="Poet Laureate">Poet Laureate</a> and died in 2003, aged 86. His grave is in the St Thomas Churchyard near the house he lived in, which carries a blue plaque.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He contributed the account of Launceston to a feature in the <i>Sunday Times magazine</i> called "Village England". He describes it as belonging to England rather than to Cornwall "<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Launceston is one of the most important towns in Daphne du Maurier's novel <i><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Inn_(novel)" title="Jamaica Inn (novel)">Jamaica Inn</a></i>. </p><p>Launceston annually hosted the "Castle Rock" music festival in July, which took place on the lower grounds of the castle which overlooks the town (within the outer walls). As well as a vibrant mix of local bands, the 2006 festival was headlined by <a href="/wiki/Capdown" title="Capdown">Capdown</a> which massively improved the event's profile. The first concert was performed in 2000 and featured a young artist who was unknown at the time, <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Cullum" title="Jamie Cullum">Jamie Cullum</a>. The festival was headlined on two occasions by local Rock band <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrup_(Rock_band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrup (Rock band) (page does not exist)">Syrup</a>, who were signed to Great West Records, which was set up by <a href="/wiki/Big_Country" title="Big Country">Big Country</a> bass player, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Butler_(musician)" title="Tony Butler (musician)">Tony Butler</a>, and his long-term friend, Luke Maguire. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Cornish_%26_Devon_Post" title="Cornish & Devon Post">Cornish & Devon Post</a></i> is one of the newspapers for the district and its office is in the town. Local-specific editions of the paper and other publications are produced. It was founded in 1856 and incorporates the <i>Launceston Weekly News</i>. The <i><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Guardian" title="Cornish Guardian">Cornish Guardian</a></i> North Cornwall edition covers Launceston. Four FM radio stations can be received: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cornwall" title="BBC Radio Cornwall">BBC Radio Cornwall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pirate_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate FM">Pirate FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart_West" title="Heart West">Heart West</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Radyo_an_Gernewegva" title="Radyo an Gernewegva">Radyo an Gernewegva</a> (online or via large aerials). In December 2013 a periodic community audio magazine was incepted <i>The Launceston Podcast</i> with catch-up services online.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local TV coverage is provided by <a href="/wiki/BBC_South_West" title="BBC South West">BBC South West</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_West_Country" title="ITV West Country">ITV West Country</a>. Television signals are received from the <a href="/wiki/Caradon_Hill_transmitting_station" title="Caradon Hill transmitting station">Caradon Hill</a> TV transmitter.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sporting clubs include <a href="/wiki/Non-League_football" title="Non-League football">amateur football</a> club <a href="/wiki/Launceston_F.C." title="Launceston F.C.">Launceston F.C.</a> who play at Pennygillam, rugby union side <a href="/wiki/Launceston_Rugby_Club" title="Launceston Rugby Club">Launceston Rugby Club</a> who play at Polson Bridge, Launceston Cricket Club, Launceston Golf Club and Dunheved Bowling Club.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are three community-based drama groups within Launceston itself. Oksigen Theatre is mainly concerned with training children in acting and produces one high quality show each year under the direction of Oksana Wroath, an ex-professional Russian stage actress.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_of_worship">Places of worship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Launceston,_Cornwall&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Places of worship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Thomas_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_323476.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/St_Thomas_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_323476.jpg/290px-St_Thomas_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_323476.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/St_Thomas_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_323476.jpg/435px-St_Thomas_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_323476.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/St_Thomas_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_323476.jpg/580px-St_Thomas_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_323476.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>St Thomas's Church, St Thomas by Launceston</figcaption></figure> <p>Three Anglican churches are in the town which has a united benefice and ecclesiastical parish covering <a href="/wiki/Tregadillett" class="mw-redirect" title="Tregadillett">Tregadillett</a> three miles (5 km) west, the same clergy alternating services to provide for a large attendance and operating a combined website.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Cornwall" title="Grade I listed buildings in Cornwall">Grade I listed</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">church</a> of <a href="/wiki/St_Mary_Magdalene%27s_Church,_Launceston" title="St Mary Magdalene's Church, Launceston">St Mary Magdalene</a> was built in 1511–1524 by Sir Henry Trecarrel of Trecarrel near the town as a memorial to his infant son who died whilst being bathed. The ornate carvings in granite originally carved for the mansion he began to build at Trecarrel, <a href="/wiki/Lezant" title="Lezant">Lezant</a> have withstood the test of time. The tower dates from the 14th century, an earlier church and graveyard having occupied the site. Its grand organ was presented by a member of the Morice family of <a href="/wiki/Werrington,_Cornwall" title="Werrington, Cornwall">Werrington Park</a>. The donor was either Sir <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Morice,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir William Morice, 3rd Baronet">William Morice</a> (1707–1750)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or his successor, <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Morice_(MP_for_Launceston)" title="Humphry Morice (MP for Launceston)">Humphry Morice</a> MP (1723–1785). The casework is elaborate and has been described as "a superb example of 18th century woodwork; the 18th century pipework is also of very high quality".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Mary_Magdalene_Church_Launceston.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="St Mary Magdalene's Church, Launceston, Cornwall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/St_Mary_Magdalene_Church_Launceston.jpg/290px-St_Mary_Magdalene_Church_Launceston.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/St_Mary_Magdalene_Church_Launceston.jpg/435px-St_Mary_Magdalene_Church_Launceston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/St_Mary_Magdalene_Church_Launceston.jpg/580px-St_Mary_Magdalene_Church_Launceston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Mary_Magdalene%27s_Church,_Launceston" title="St Mary Magdalene's Church, Launceston">St Mary Magdalene's Church, Launceston</a>, Cornwall</figcaption></figure> <p>On St Stephen's Hill the main road through the north of the town is the Roman Catholic church consecrated to <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Mayne" title="Cuthbert Mayne">Cuthbert Mayne</a> (see <a href="#History">#History</a>) designed by Arthur Langdon in a blend of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a>. It was built in 1911 by local mason F. H. Nicholls of Lewannick, with carpentry by J. H. Harry, the oak doors by a Mr Clifton of Ashwater, and the <a href="/wiki/Cupola" title="Cupola">copper dome</a> by T. Chapman (junior) of Launceston. The <a href="/wiki/Lady_chapel" title="Lady chapel">lady chapel</a> was added in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuthbertmayne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="St Cuthbert Mayne, Roman Catholic Church, Launceston, Cornwall." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Cuthbertmayne.jpg/290px-Cuthbertmayne.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Cuthbertmayne.jpg/435px-Cuthbertmayne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Cuthbertmayne.jpg/580px-Cuthbertmayne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>St Cuthbert Mayne, Roman Catholic Church, Launceston, Cornwall.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cornish_wrestling">Cornish wrestling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Launceston,_Cornwall&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cornish wrestling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Launceston has been a centre for <a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish wrestling</a> for centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-RCG27051820_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCG27051820-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WMN20091924_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMN20091924-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CG14082013_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CG14082013-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Places where tournaments were held include: Castle Green,<sup id="cite_ref-RCG27051820_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCG27051820-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/St_Stephens_by_Launceston_Rural#Cornish_wrestling" title="St Stephens by Launceston Rural">St Stephens</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WD29071827_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WD29071827-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chapman's Well<sup id="cite_ref-EFP01081844_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFP01081844-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Bowling green at Werrington Park.<sup id="cite_ref-CG31051928_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CG31051928-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Launceston,_Cornwall&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Five schools are in the town: </p> <ul><li>Four primary schools – St Catherine's Church of England Primary, St Stephen's Community Primary School and Launceston Community Primary School (Windmill Hill Academy) cater for pupils aged 4 to 11.</li> <li>St. Joseph's School, St Stephens Hill is an independent day school for boys and girls from age 3, going from nursery through the early years, junior department and into the senior school. The senior school boys and girls have been accepted into the sixth form from September 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launceston_College_(Cornwall)" class="mw-redirect" title="Launceston College (Cornwall)">Launceston College</a> was first established in 1409 and became a boys grammar school with boarding house before becoming fully inclusive and educating students aged 11 to 18 or 19.</li></ul> <p>A former student of Launceston College was actor Sir <a href="/wiki/Roger_Moore" title="Roger Moore">Roger Moore</a>. In 1962, Horwell Grammar School for Girls, Dunheved Road, was merged with the school, and in 1965 the former Pennygillam School was added to form the present-day comprehensive school, which is still known as Launceston College. Since the 19th century (exact date unknown) the college has been at the southern end of Dunheved Road, approximately one kilometre from the town centre. In 1966, H. Spencer Toy, its principal, published <i>A History of Education at Launceston</i><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> detailing the development of education in the town and surrounding area. </p><p>Launceston Community Primary School has the colloquial pseudonym <b>Windmill Primary School</b>, being situated adjacent to the site of the town's former windmill for grinding grain in Coronation Park.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Launceston,_Cornwall&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Launceston_railway_station" title="Launceston railway station">Launceston railway station</a></div> <p>Launceston is no longer connected to the national railway network, but was for almost a century served by two railway lines. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" title="Great Western Railway">Great Western Railway</a> (GWR) branch from <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a> terminated in the town and the <a href="/wiki/London_and_South_Western_Railway" title="London and South Western Railway">London and South Western Railway</a> (LSWR) Exeter to Padstow <a href="/wiki/North_Cornwall_Railway" title="North Cornwall Railway">North Cornwall Railway</a> passed through. The stations were adjacent. The GWR station closed to passengers in 1952 after which all trains used the LSWR station until the North Cornwall line closed in 1966. The site of the station has been redeveloped for light industrial use. Currently, the town is 10 miles (16 km) away from the nearest station at <a href="/wiki/Gunnislake" title="Gunnislake">Gunnislake</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Launceston_Steam_Railway" title="Launceston Steam Railway">Launceston Steam Railway</a> <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge railway">narrow-gauge</a> <a href="/wiki/Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">heritage railway</a> uses an adjacent site and runs for 2.5 miles (4.0 km) westward to Newmills along the valley of the Kensey. </p><p>The closest main-line railway stations to Launceston are <a href="/wiki/Bodmin_Parkway_railway_station" title="Bodmin Parkway railway station">Bodmin Parkway</a> (24.1 miles (38.8 km) by car) and <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_railway_station" title="Plymouth railway station">Plymouth</a> (25.5 miles (41.0 km)). There are regular bus services to Plymouth and <a href="/wiki/Exeter_St_Davids_railway_station" title="Exeter St Davids railway station">Exeter St Davids railway station</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Launceston,_Cornwall&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The writer and historian, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Rendell" title="Joan Rendell">Joan Rendell</a> lived at <a href="/wiki/Yeolmbridge" title="Yeolmbridge">Yeolmbridge</a> near Launceston.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Reverend <a href="/wiki/Francis_Vyvyan_Jago_Arundell" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Vyvyan Jago Arundell">Francis Vyvyan Jago Arundell</a> was born at Launceston in July 1780, being the only son of Thomas Jago, a solicitor in that town, who had married Catherine, a daughter of Mr. Bolt, a surgeon at Launceston. He was in later life the Rector of <a href="/wiki/Landulph" title="Landulph">Landulph</a>, an antiquary and an oriental traveller.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Causley" title="Charles Causley">Charles Causley</a>, poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Davenport" title="Mary Ann Davenport">Mary Ann Davenport</a>, actress, born at Launceston in 1759</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ruse" title="James Ruse">James Ruse</a>, a Cornishman from Launceston, arrived in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> aboard the transport <i>Scarborough</i>, part of the <a href="/wiki/First_Fleet" title="First Fleet">First Fleet</a> of Australian convict ships, in 1788.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McGeoch" title="John McGeoch">John McGeoch</a>, seminal post-punk guitarist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Prest" title="Agnes Prest">Agnes Prest</a>, One of the "Marian Martyrs", was burned at the stake at Southernhay, Exeter on 15 August 1557</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Farthing_Robbins" title="Alfred Farthing Robbins">Alfred Farthing Robbins</a>, journalist, political biographer and freemason (born in Launceston in 1856), author of <i>Launceston, Past and Present</i> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Gidley_King" title="Philip Gidley King">Philip Gidley King</a>, third Governor of New South Wales (born in Launceston in on the 23rd of April, 1758).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Launceston,_Cornwall&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205171836/http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/council-and-democracy/data-and-research/data-by-topic/population/town-populations">"Launceston Town populations 2011 census"</a>. Cornwall.gov.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/council-and-democracy/data-and-research/data-by-topic/population/town-populations">the original</a> on 5 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Launceston+Town+populations+2011+census&rft.pub=Cornwall.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cornwall.gov.uk%2Fcouncil-and-democracy%2Fdata-and-research%2Fdata-by-topic%2Fpopulation%2Ftown-populations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140729194902/http://www.magakernow.org.uk/pdf/placename_masterlist.pdf">"List of Place-names agreed by the MAGA Signage Panel"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cornish Language Partnership. May 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magakernow.org.uk/pdf/placename_masterlist.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Place-names+agreed+by+the+MAGA+Signage+Panel&rft.pub=Cornish+Language+Partnership&rft.date=2014-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.magakernow.org.uk%2Fpdf%2Fplacename_masterlist.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 201 <i>Plymouth & Launceston</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-319-23146-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-319-23146-3">978-0-319-23146-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp33-37">"Laughton – Laverstoke, pages 33–37 A Topographical Dictionary of England. Originally published by S Lewis, London, 1848"</a>. <i>British History Online</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+History+Online&rft.atitle=Laughton+%E2%80%93+Laverstoke%2C+pages+33%E2%80%9337+A+Topographical+Dictionary+of+England.+Originally+published+by+S+Lewis%2C+London%2C+1848.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Ftopographical-dict%2Fengland%2Fpp33-37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oldname-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oldname_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/Cornwall/LauncestonStMaryMagdalane/">"Launceston, St Mary Magdalene"</a>. <i>GENUKI: UK & Ireland Genealogy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GENUKI%3A+UK+%26+Ireland+Genealogy&rft.atitle=Launceston%2C+St+Mary+Magdalene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genuki.org.uk%2Fbig%2Feng%2FCornwall%2FLauncestonStMaryMagdalane%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://launcestonthen.co.uk/index.php/home/launceston-events/royal-visits/">"Royal visits"</a>. <i>launcestonthen.co.uk</i>. 22 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=launcestonthen.co.uk&rft.atitle=Royal+visits&rft.date=2016-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flauncestonthen.co.uk%2Findex.php%2Fhome%2Flaunceston-events%2Froyal-visits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Cornish Church Guide</i> (1925) Truro: Blackford; p. 198</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thorn, C., et al., eds. (1979) <i>Cornwall</i>. (Domesday Book; 10.) Chichester: Phillimore; entry 5,1,22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ECW-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ECW_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/military/1643-south-west.htm">"Cornwall and Devon, 1643"</a>. British-civil-wars.co.uk. 19 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cornwall+and+Devon%2C+1643&rft.pub=British-civil-wars.co.uk&rft.date=2014-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-civil-wars.co.uk%2Fmilitary%2F1643-south-west.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zIcvAAAAMAAJ&dq=civil+war+in++cornwall+bodmin&pg=PA384">"The Cornwall Register: Containing Collections Relative to the Past and ... – John Wallis – Google Books"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Cornwall+Register%3A+Containing+Collections+Relative+to+the+Past+and+...+%E2%80%93+John+Wallis+%E2%80%93+Google+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzIcvAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3Dcivil%2Bwar%2Bin%2B%2Bcornwall%2Bbodmin%26pg%3DPA384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://launcestonthen.co.uk/index.php/the-place/launceston-castle/launceston-county-gaol/#">"Launceston County Gaol"</a>. Launceston County Gaol<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Launceston+County+Gaol&rft.pub=Launceston+County+Gaol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flauncestonthen.co.uk%2Findex.php%2Fthe-place%2Flaunceston-castle%2Flaunceston-county-gaol%2F%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/proud-fscinating-history-cornwalls-county-4291762">"The proud and fascinating history of Cornwall's 'county towns' Bodmin and Launceston"</a>. Cornwall Live. 4 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+proud+and+fascinating+history+of+Cornwall%27s+%27county+towns%27+Bodmin+and+Launceston&rft.pub=Cornwall+Live&rft.date=2020-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cornwalllive.com%2Fnews%2Fcornwall-news%2Fproud-fscinating-history-cornwalls-county-4291762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Balchin,_W._G._V._1967_p._25-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Balchin,_W._G._V._1967_p._25_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balchin,_W._G._V._1967_p._25_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Balchin, W. G. V. (1967) <i>Cornwall: a description of the Ordnance Survey seventh edition one-inch sheets covering Cornwall</i>. (British Landscapes through Maps.) Sheffield: Geographical Association; p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWerran2020" class="citation book cs1">Werran, Kate (11 May 2020). <i>An American Uprising in Second World War England: Mutiny in the Duchy</i>. Pen & Sword History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781526759542" title="Special:BookSources/9781526759542"><bdi>9781526759542</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+American+Uprising+in+Second+World+War+England%3A+Mutiny+in+the+Duchy&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+History&rft.date=2020-05-11&rft.isbn=9781526759542&rft.aulast=Werran&rft.aufirst=Kate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov-news.org/gov/uk/news/new_bridge_deck_for_a30_dunheved_bridge_launceston/59385.html">"Highways Agency press release: Dunheved Bridge"</a>. Highways Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highways+Agency+press+release%3A+Dunheved+Bridge&rft.pub=Highways+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov-news.org%2Fgov%2Fuk%2Fnews%2Fnew_bridge_deck_for_a30_dunheved_bridge_launceston%2F59385.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukcensusdata.com/launceston-central-e05008237#sthash.m8DbjiD0.dpbs">"Launceston Ward population census 2011"</a>. Ukcensusdata.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Launceston+Ward+population+census+2011&rft.pub=Ukcensusdata.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukcensusdata.com%2Flaunceston-central-e05008237%23sthash.m8DbjiD0.dpbs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000531.pdf">"Stourcombe Quarry"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Natural_England" title="Natural England">Natural England</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stourcombe+Quarry&rft.pub=Natural+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk%2Fcitation%2Fcitation_photo%2F1000531.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pevsner,_N." class="mw-redirect" title="Pevsner, N.">Pevsner, N.</a> (1970) <i>Cornwall</i>, 2nd ed. Penguin Books</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GenUKI, op. cit.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1206174">"LAWRENCE HOUSE AND MUSEUM AND FORECOURT WALL – 1206174 Historic England"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LAWRENCE+HOUSE+AND+MUSEUM+AND+FORECOURT+WALL+%E2%80%93+1206174+Historic+England&rft.pub=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicengland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1206174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawrencehousemuseum.org.uk/about/">"About Lawrence House"</a>. Lawrence House Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Lawrence+House&rft.pub=Lawrence+House+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flawrencehousemuseum.org.uk%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://launcestonthen.co.uk/index.php/the-place/buildings-of-launceston/madford/">Madford</a>; Launceston Then!</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pascoe, W. H. (1979) <i>A Cornish Armory</i>. Padstow: Lodenek Press; pp. 133, 136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.launceston-tc.gov.uk/Twinning-Association.aspx">"Latest News from Twinning Association"</a>. Launceston-tc.gov.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latest+News+from+Twinning+Association&rft.pub=Launceston-tc.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.launceston-tc.gov.uk%2FTwinning-Association.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-town-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-town_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://launceston-tc.gov.uk/venues-for-hire/launceston-guildhall">"Launceston Guildhall"</a>. Launceston Town Council. 11 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Launceston+Guildhall&rft.pub=Launceston+Town+Council&rft.date=2018-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaunceston-tc.gov.uk%2Fvenues-for-hire%2Flaunceston-guildhall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Todd, A. C. & Laws, Peter (1972) <i>The Industrial Archaeology of Cornwall</i>. Newton Abbot: David & Charles; p. 231</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.companieshouse.gov.uk/">"Duchy Originals Foods Ltd Accounts 2006/7"</a>. Companieshouse.gov.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Duchy+Originals+Foods+Ltd+Accounts+2006%2F7&rft.pub=Companieshouse.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.companieshouse.gov.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duchy_Originals_reports_Loss_as_sales_slump-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duchy_Originals_reports_Loss_as_sales_slump_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean_Best2010" class="citation web cs1">Dean Best (11 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.just-food.com/article.aspx?id=109789">"Just Food -UK: Duchy Originals reports loss as sales slump"</a>. Aroq Ltd<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Just+Food+-UK%3A+Duchy+Originals+reports+loss+as+sales+slump&rft.pub=Aroq+Ltd&rft.date=2010-02-11&rft.au=Dean+Best&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.just-food.com%2Farticle.aspx%3Fid%3D109789&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepost.uk.com/article.cfm?id=103851&headline=Blue%20plaque%20unveiled%20at%20poet%20Charles%20Causley%27s%20Cyprus%20Well%20residence&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2016">"Blue plaque unveiled at poet Charles Causley's Cyprus Well residence"</a>. <i>thepost.uk.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thepost.uk.com&rft.atitle=Blue+plaque+unveiled+at+poet+Charles+Causley%27s+Cyprus+Well+residence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepost.uk.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fid%3D103851%26headline%3DBlue%2520plaque%2520unveiled%2520at%2520poet%2520Charles%2520Causley%2527s%2520Cyprus%2520Well%2520residence%26sectionIs%3Dnews%26searchyear%3D2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Launceston ... still encloses a particularly secret and inward-looking community. If an eye is cast beyond itself at all it is in the direction of England: half-marooned from the rest of Cornwall as we were until a century ago by the dangerous barrier of Bodmin Moor."--Village England, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soundcloud.com/launcestonpodcast">Launceston Podcast</a> Soundcloud.com Accessed 1 June 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Caradon_Hill">"Full Freeview on the Caradon Hill (Cornwall, England) transmitter"</a>. <i>Ukfree.tv</i>. 1 May 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukfree.tv&rft.atitle=Full+Freeview+on+the+Caradon+Hill+%28Cornwall%2C+England%29+transmitter&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fukfree.tv%2Ftransmitters%2Ftv%2FCaradon_Hill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornishallblacks.co.uk/home/">"Launceston R.F.C. website"</a>. Cornishallblacks.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Launceston+R.F.C.+website&rft.pub=Cornishallblacks.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cornishallblacks.co.uk%2Fhome%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oksigentheatre.com/about-us/">Oksigen Theatre</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.achurchnearyou.com/parishfinder.php?launceston#">Three churches and two parishes of Launceston</a> The Church of England. Accessed 1 June 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freepages.family.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~treevecwll/morice.htm">"The Acorn Archive – Sir William Morice, Knight; and his descendents"</a>. Freepages.family.rootsweb.ancestry.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Acorn+Archive+%E2%80%93+Sir+William+Morice%2C+Knight%3B+and+his+descendents&rft.pub=Freepages.family.rootsweb.ancestry.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreepages.family.rootsweb.ancestry.com%2F~treevecwll%2Fmorice.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rendell, Joan (1982) <i>Cornish Churches</i>. St Teath: Bossiney Books; p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Church of St Mary Magdalene (Anglican, 1511) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1280301" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1280301?section=official-list-entry">"Details from listed building database (1280301)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Details+from+listed+building+database+%281280301%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1280301%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Church of St Cuthbert Mayne (Roman Catholic, 1911) Grade II listing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1297829" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1297829?section=official-list-entry">"Details from listed building database (1297829)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Details+from+listed+building+database+%281297829%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1297829%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/Cornwall/LauncestonStMaryMagdalane/">"Launceston St Mary Magdalene"</a>. GenUKI<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Launceston+St+Mary+Magdalene&rft.pub=GenUKI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genuki.org.uk%2Fbig%2Feng%2FCornwall%2FLauncestonStMaryMagdalane%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RCG27051820-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RCG27051820_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RCG27051820_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Royal Cornwall Gazette 27 May 1820.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMN20091924-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WMN20091924_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Western Morning News, 20 September 1924.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CG14082013-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CG14082013_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cornish Guardian, 14 August 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WD29071827-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WD29071827_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weekly Dispatch, 29 July 1827.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EFP01081844-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EFP01081844_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Exeter Flying Post, 1 August 1844.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CG31051928-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CG31051928_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cornish Guardian, 31 May 1928.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjosephscornwall.co.uk">"St Joseph's School – Launceston, Cornwall"</a>. Stjosephscornwall.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St+Joseph%27s+School+%E2%80%93+Launceston%2C+Cornwall&rft.pub=Stjosephscornwall.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjosephscornwall.co.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marazion: Wordens of Cornwall, 1966.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cornwall-15974233">"BBC News – Blanket fire led to Joan Rendell death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 30 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+News+%E2%80%93+Blanket+fire+led+to+Joan+Rendell+death&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2011-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-cornwall-15974233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tolchard, C. (1965) <i>The Humble Adventurer</i>. Melbourne: Lansdowne Press</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Launceston,_Cornwall&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Launceston,_Cornwall" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Launceston, Cornwall"><span style="font-style:italic; 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Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Launceston&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaunceston%2C+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://launcestonthen.co.uk/">Launceston Then</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall"><img alt="Cornwall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cornwall" title="Portal:Cornwall">Cornwall Portal</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council" title="Cornwall Council">Cornwall Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly" title="Council of the Isles of Scilly">Council of the Isles of Scilly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodmin" title="Bodmin">Bodmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bude" title="Bude">Bude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callington" title="Callington">Callington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camborne" title="Camborne">Camborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camelford" title="Camelford">Camelford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falmouth,_Cornwall" title="Falmouth, Cornwall">Falmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fowey" title="Fowey">Fowey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayle" title="Hayle">Hayle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helston" title="Helston">Helston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Town" title="Hugh Town">Hugh Town</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Launceston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liskeard" title="Liskeard">Liskeard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looe" title="Looe">Looe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lostwithiel" title="Lostwithiel">Lostwithiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marazion" title="Marazion">Marazion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlyn" title="Newlyn">Newlyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newquay" title="Newquay">Newquay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padstow" title="Padstow">Padstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penryn,_Cornwall" title="Penryn, Cornwall">Penryn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penzance" title="Penzance">Penzance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porthleven" title="Porthleven">Porthleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redruth" title="Redruth">Redruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Austell" title="St Austell">St Austell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Blazey" title="St Blazey">St Blazey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Columb_Major" title="St Columb Major">St Columb Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Ives,_Cornwall" title="St Ives, Cornwall">St Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Just_in_Penwith" title="St Just in Penwith">St Just in Penwith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltash" title="Saltash">Saltash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratton,_Cornwall" title="Stratton, Cornwall">Stratton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpoint" title="Torpoint">Torpoint</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Truro" title="Truro">Truro</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadebridge" title="Wadebridge">Wadebridge</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Cornwall" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil parishes in Cornwall">List of civil parishes in Cornwall</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Allen,_Cornwall" title="River Allen, Cornwall">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Camel" title="River Camel">Camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnon_River" title="Carnon River">Carnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Cober" title="River Cober">Cober</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Lank_River" title="De Lank River">De Lank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Fal" title="River Fal">Fal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Fowey" title="River Fowey">Fowey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Gannel" title="River Gannel">Gannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gover_Stream" title="Gover Stream">Gover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Hayle" title="River Hayle">Hayle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helford_River" title="Helford River">Helford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Inny,_Cornwall" title="River Inny, Cornwall">Inny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Kensey" title="River Kensey">Kensey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Lerryn" title="River Lerryn">Lerryn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Looe" title="River Looe">Looe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Lynher" title="River Lynher">Lynher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Menalhyl" title="River Menalhyl">Menalhyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Ottery" title="River Ottery">Ottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par_River,_Cornwall" title="Par River, Cornwall">Par</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Pill" title="Pont Pill">Pont Pill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Navas_Creek" title="Port Navas Creek">Port Navas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_(Koner)" title="Red River (Koner)">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Austell_River" title="St Austell River">St Austell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Seaton" title="River Seaton">Seaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tamar" title="River Tamar">Tamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tiddy" title="River Tiddy">Tiddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truro_River" title="Truro River">Truro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Valency" title="River Valency">Valency</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_in_Cornwall" title="List of rivers in Cornwall">full list...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cornwall" title="History of Cornwall">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cornwall_in_the_English_Civil_War" title="Cornwall in the English Civil War">Civil War</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_status_of_Cornwall" title="Constitutional status of Cornwall">Status debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Piran%27s_Flag" title="Saint Piran's Flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cornwall" title="Culture of Cornwall">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cornwall" title="Economy of Cornwall">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Cornwall" title="Fishing in Cornwall">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_and_fauna_of_Cornwall" title="Flora and fauna of Cornwall">Flora and fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Cornwall" title="List of places in Cornwall">Places</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_farms_in_Cornwall" title="List of farms in Cornwall">List of farms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_Cornwall_by_population" title="List of settlements in Cornwall by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cornwall" title="Demographics of Cornwall">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Cornwall" title="List of people from Cornwall">Notable people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cornwall" title="Duchy of Cornwall">The Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Truro" title="Diocese of Truro">Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cornwall" title="Politics of Cornwall">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Cornwall" title="List of schools in Cornwall">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundreds_of_Cornwall" title="Hundreds of Cornwall">Hundreds/shires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Places_of_interest_in_Cornwall" title="Places of interest in Cornwall">Places of interest</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Cornwall" title="Outline of Cornwall">Outline of Cornwall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cornwall-related_articles" title="Index of Cornwall-related articles">Index of Cornwall-related articles</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Civil_parishes_of_North_Cornwall_constituency" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_Cornwall_CP_navigation_box" title="Template:North Cornwall CP navigation box"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_Cornwall_CP_navigation_box" title="Template talk:North Cornwall CP navigation box"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_Cornwall_CP_navigation_box" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North Cornwall CP navigation box"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Civil_parishes_of_North_Cornwall_constituency" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Civil parishes of <a href="/wiki/North_Cornwall_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="North Cornwall (UK Parliament constituency)">North Cornwall constituency</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cornwall.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent,_Cornwall" title="Advent, Cornwall">Advent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altarnun" title="Altarnun">Altarnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blisland" title="Blisland">Blisland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodmin" title="Bodmin">Bodmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyton,_Cornwall" title="Boyton, Cornwall">Boyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bude%E2%80%93Stratton" title="Bude–Stratton">Bude–Stratton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camelford" title="Camelford">Camelford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinham" title="Cardinham">Cardinham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davidstow" title="Davidstow">Davidstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delabole" title="Delabole">Delabole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egloshayle" title="Egloshayle">Egloshayle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egloskerry" title="Egloskerry">Egloskerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrabury_and_Minster" title="Forrabury and Minster">Forrabury and Minster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helland" title="Helland">Helland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobstow" title="Jacobstow">Jacobstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilkhampton" title="Kilkhampton">Kilkhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laneast" title="Laneast">Laneast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanhydrock" title="Lanhydrock">Lanhydrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanivet" title="Lanivet">Lanivet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Launceston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launcells" title="Launcells">Launcells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawhitton" title="Lawhitton">Lawhitton Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesnewth" title="Lesnewth">Lesnewth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewannick" title="Lewannick">Lewannick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezant" title="Lezant">Lezant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marhamchurch" title="Marhamchurch">Marhamchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michaelstow" title="Michaelstow">Michaelstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morwenstow" title="Morwenstow">Morwenstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hill,_Cornwall" title="North Hill, Cornwall">North Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Petherwin" title="North Petherwin">North Petherwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Tamerton" title="North Tamerton">North Tamerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otterham" title="Otterham">Otterham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padstow" title="Padstow">Padstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poundstock" title="Poundstock">Poundstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Petherwin" title="South Petherwin">South Petherwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Breock" title="St Breock">St Breock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Breward" title="St Breward">St Breward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Clether" title="St Clether">St Clether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Endellion" title="St Endellion">St Endellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Ervan" title="St Ervan">St Ervan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Eval" title="St Eval">St Eval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Gennys" title="St Gennys">St Gennys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Issey" title="St Issey">St Issey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Juliot" title="St Juliot">St Juliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kew" title="St Kew">St Kew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mabyn" title="St Mabyn">St Mabyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Merryn" title="St Merryn">St Merryn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Minver_Highlands" class="mw-redirect" title="St Minver Highlands">St Minver Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Minver_Lowlands" class="mw-redirect" title="St Minver Lowlands">St Minver Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Stephens_by_Launceston_Rural" title="St Stephens by Launceston Rural">St Stephens by Launceston Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Teath" title="St Teath">St Teath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Thomas_the_Apostle_Rural" title="St Thomas the Apostle Rural">St Thomas the Apostle Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Tudy" title="St Tudy">St Tudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke_Climsland" title="Stoke Climsland">Stoke Climsland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintagel" title="Tintagel">Tintagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremaine,_Cornwall" title="Tremaine, Cornwall">Tremaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treneglos" title="Treneglos">Treneglos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tresmeer" title="Tresmeer">Tresmeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevalga" title="Trevalga">Trevalga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trewen" title="Trewen">Trewen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadebridge" title="Wadebridge">Wadebridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warbstow" title="Warbstow">Warbstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Week_St_Mary" title="Week St Mary">Week St Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werrington,_Cornwall" title="Werrington, Cornwall">Werrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitstone" title="Whitstone">Whitstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withiel" title="Withiel">Withiel</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NorthCornwall2007Constituency.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/NorthCornwall2007Constituency.svg/40px-NorthCornwall2007Constituency.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/NorthCornwall2007Constituency.svg/60px-NorthCornwall2007Constituency.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/NorthCornwall2007Constituency.svg/80px-NorthCornwall2007Constituency.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cornwall" title="Portal:Cornwall">Cornwall Portal</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287590#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287590#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287590#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/127887565">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwmVCp6X3wjkTJRHhppT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4435347-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84014095">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557510305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td 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