CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <title>Research Areas · PhD Degree Program in Biophysics (BP) · UCSF</title> <link rel="profile" href="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab">  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/favicon-32x32.png?v=20161201" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/favicon-194x194.png?v=20161201" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/android-chrome-192x192.png?v=20161201" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/favicon-16x16.png?v=20161201" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/manifest.json?v=20161201"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/safari-pinned-tab.svg?v=20161201" color="#90bd31"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/favicon.ico?v=20161201"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="School of Pharmacy"> <meta name="application-name" content="School of Pharmacy"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/mstile-144x144.png?v=20161201"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/browserconfig.xml?v=20161201"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" />  <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://biophysics.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_css/css__HebrV4tFwxDZ1b9vhlacTqYgPxRuqCiiFvldzHKwPeE__t3zJPsLiSRDTfkC9ANb8bQboZgPpLWMNlpYK3hKEyXA__-iFA0ATO3ySY-eNcXeFaJCBOak8NPZowOcsB-7FQktw.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://biophysics.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_css/css__ePlcdKGGVug03GrMIaGNP4oxfY9eE0ohwvae21x89JE__yb8f5ibrLwhnMOcYJMtVK6JLq2YYW_olFqfW4_t8oQY__-iFA0ATO3ySY-eNcXeFaJCBOak8NPZowOcsB-7FQktw.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://biophysics.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_css/css__mQ6VuIrKQsACMPr_H1zG61XI3eYzvfbAdv5ltKxQ4iM__tm8mqnI9eOCHrWg5kP1oFyIIrFa53r8aFxlnedsul2c__-iFA0ATO3ySY-eNcXeFaJCBOak8NPZowOcsB-7FQktw.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://biophysics.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_css/css__WYtrqprX8RlxME-RSsFudXN9dh9mQvxGZaIEs3Tlass__mtKFcj9_WweGdHo7moEGnLICuxddj67k2u0u7q_2dXA__-iFA0ATO3ySY-eNcXeFaJCBOak8NPZowOcsB-7FQktw.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://biophysics.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_css/css__7MBzlavTXw9bK-VcVWe3kKPpbgYCuBp697LfdBdjM9M__0nZ1EFoBABLFncJUdsqwqY5u4eZe-m3d6Yu0xHieXuA__-iFA0ATO3ySY-eNcXeFaJCBOak8NPZowOcsB-7FQktw.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://biophysics.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_css/css__GejyFYl8Cav9hr_6xb7fRy_UHZGPzk6wB89k1_sqFBs__y0cwlzggi0PIFN-TG0T3270FOcNcc8s0mP6tQ2nrMOY__-iFA0ATO3ySY-eNcXeFaJCBOak8NPZowOcsB-7FQktw.css" media="print" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://biophysics.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_js/js__sv0qJEwYKcdDZaLfAado8I_CZtYokB3a9Ol5f6MAvqQ__egqos2Xr6oV3eE1YjJJ4ng1v_S46LTKKzqz4OLJeWbA__-iFA0ATO3ySY-eNcXeFaJCBOak8NPZowOcsB-7FQktw.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://biophysics.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_js/js__vqZqTxUxqDoVSZOh60EjSleoZgwIzSlhamQKjS1JngU__S91yqV9ubUDMxzCK2GLBYdp1SFL3v48MFVTVZ3OSXjc__-iFA0ATO3ySY-eNcXeFaJCBOak8NPZowOcsB-7FQktw.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://biophysics.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_js/js__amTzwSyV8dWeCbN6RoPqoOb0PrV5uJFqI1SSbtVMQ6A__jKglgd5zzHlFvXqBNCGOh22PkTSyPsrUAqv0HTAH748__-iFA0ATO3ySY-eNcXeFaJCBOak8NPZowOcsB-7FQktw.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://biophysics.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_js/js__KaZp60twaRFpB7IdN57N22C_sjMQDY1aEnvERtknlIg__qxx0tZ2oz4MKEStUB_CPRHqSQzyJ0TJSjo-52r5f8jw__-iFA0ATO3ySY-eNcXeFaJCBOak8NPZowOcsB-7FQktw.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-42935348-1"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://use.fontawesome.com/90945e9ffc.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://biophysics.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_js/js__NzZX7hItE0HtRY4pq-aRuhUI0kWqT49hw0Z4EZQmEJs__DBqg5aEXrKf2kpa8VYYLkie1vQe-4Ggfu_Ik4cZo0dM__-iFA0ATO3ySY-eNcXeFaJCBOak8NPZowOcsB-7FQktw.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script>  <meta name="pageID" content="16666"/><meta name="description" content="The Biophysics Graduate Program offers seven areas of research emphasis: Biophysical approaches to cell biology Complex biological systems Computational and theoretical biophysics Membrane biophysics Protein engineering and synthetic" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://biophysics.ucsf.edu/degree-program/research-areas" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="PhD Degree Program in Biophysics (BP)" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://biophysics.ucsf.edu/degree-program/research-areas" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Research Areas · PhD Degree Program in Biophysics (BP)" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The Biophysics Graduate Program offers seven areas of research emphasis: Biophysical approaches to cell biology Complex biological systems Computational and theoretical biophysics Membrane biophysics Protein engineering and synthetic" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2024-11-15T12:26:48-08:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://biophysics.ucsf.edu/degree-program/research-areas" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Research Areas · PhD Degree Program in Biophysics (BP)" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The Biophysics Graduate Program offers seven areas of research emphasis: Biophysical approaches to cell biology Complex biological systems Computational and theoretical biophysics Membrane biophysics Protein engineering and synthetic" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in one-sidebar sidebar-first page-node page-node- page-node-16666 node-type-page domain-biophysics node-published" >  <div class="skip tocontent"> <a href="#content">Skip to content</a> </div> <nav class="topbar" role="navigation" aria-label="University main menu"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ucsf.edu/">University of California San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="https://graduate.ucsf.edu/">UCSF Graduate Division</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ucsfhealth.org/">UCSF Health</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="logo-for-print-only"> <img src="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/ucsf-dark-blue.svg" alt="UCSF"> </div> <div id="page" class="page theme-pharmacymicrosite is-microsite-secondary is-graddiv is-graddiv-long is-pharm is-qbc-grad-pgm page-type-11"> <div id="header" class="clearfix" role="banner"> <div id="menu-and-search-mobile"> <div id="search-mobile-controller" tabindex="0">Search</div> <div id="menu-mobile-controller"><div id="menu-mobile-controller-inner"><a href="https://www.ucsf.edu/">UCSF</a> <span id="menu-mobile-controller-menu-link" class="menu-link" tabindex="0">Menu</span></div></div> </div> <div id="menu-and-search"> <div id="search"> <form role="search" class="search-form" action="/degree-program/research-areas" method="post" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="container-inline"> <div class="element-invisible">Search form</div> <div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-search-block-form"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-search-block-form--2">Search </label> <input title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." aria-label="Search site" type="text" id="edit-search-block-form--2" name="search_block_form" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" class="form-text" /> </div> <div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-zit9otfoFMZni_faxCviEFwEidsGvKosJ5CuqQUQE44" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="search_block_form" /> </div> </div></form> </div> <div id="navigation" class="menu" role="navigation" aria-label="Site main menu"> <ul class="nice-menu nice-menu-right" id="nice-menu-1"><li class="menu-819531 menu-path-node-16026 first odd"><a href="/" tabindex="0">Home</a></li> <li class="menu-819536 menuparent menu-path-node-16031 even"><a tabindex="0">About</a><ul><li class="menu-819536 menu-path-node-16031 first odd"><a href="/about" tabindex="0">About Overview</a></li> <li class="menu-857746 menu-path-node-16641 even"><a href="/about/program" tabindex="0">Biophysics at UCSF</a></li> <li class="menu-962121 menu-path-node-21771 odd"><a href="/about/bylaws" tabindex="0">Bylaws</a></li> <li class="menu-857741 menu-path-node-16636 even"><a href="/about/location" tabindex="0">Location</a></li> <li class="menu-857751 menu-path-node-16646 odd"><a href="/about/program-funding" tabindex="0">Program Funding</a></li> <li class="menu-962881 menu-path-node-22846 even"><a href="/about/external-student-consulting" tabindex="0">External Student Consulting</a></li> <li class="menu-819551 menu-path-node-16046 odd"><a href="/about/facts-figures" tabindex="0">Facts and Figures</a></li> <li class="menu-960001 menu-path-node-19606 even"><a href="/about/committees" tabindex="0">Committees</a></li> <li class="menu-955921 menu-path-node-17851 odd"><a href="/about/dei" tabindex="0">Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion</a></li> <li class="menu-962051 menu-path-node-21696 even"><a href="/about/community-values" tabindex="0">Community Values</a></li> <li class="menu-962421 menu-path-node-22176 odd last"><a href="/about/resources" tabindex="0">Resources</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="menu-857796 menuparent menu-path-node-16661 active-trail odd"><a tabindex="0">Degree Program</a><ul><li class="menu-857796 menu-path-node-16661 active-trail first odd"><a href="/degree-program" tabindex="0">Degree Program Overview</a></li> <li class="menu-857801 menu-path-node-16666 active-trail even"><a href="/degree-program/research-areas" tabindex="0" class="active">Research Areas</a></li> <li class="menu-857806 menu-path-node-16521 odd"><a href="/degree-program/curriculum" tabindex="0">Curriculum</a></li> <li class="menu-880056 menuparent menu-path-node-17191 even"><a tabindex="0">Path to PhD</a><ul><li class="menu-880056 menu-path-node-17191 first odd"><a href="/degree-program/path-to-phd" tabindex="0">Path to PhD Overview</a></li> <li class="menu-880176 menu-path-node-16971 even"><a href="/degree-program/path-to-phd/guidelines" tabindex="0">Path to PhD Guidelines</a></li> <li class="menu-956986 menu-path-node-18776 odd"><a href="/degree-program/path-to-phd/rotations-research-advisor" tabindex="0">Rotations and Advisor Selection</a></li> <li class="menu-880106 menu-path-node-16536 even"><a href="/degree-program/path-to-phd/qbc-journal-club-requirements" tabindex="0">QBC Journal Club Requirements</a></li> <li class="menu-956991 menuparent menu-path-node-18796 odd"><a tabindex="0">Qualifying Examination</a><ul><li class="menu-956991 menu-path-node-18796 first odd"><a href="/degree-program/path-to-phd/qualifying-exam" tabindex="0">Qualifying Examination Overview</a></li> <li class="menu-956996 menu-path-node-18791 even"><a href="/degree-program/path-to-phd/qualifying-exam/about" tabindex="0">About the Examination</a></li> <li class="menu-957001 menu-path-node-18786 odd"><a href="/degree-program/path-to-phd/qualifying-exam/preparation" tabindex="0">Preparation</a></li> <li class="menu-957006 menu-path-node-18781 even last"><a href="/degree-program/path-to-phd/qualifying-exam/advice" tabindex="0">Student and Faculty Advice</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="menu-880141 menu-path-node-16671 even"><a href="/degree-program/path-to-phd/advancement-thesis" tabindex="0">Advancement to Candidacy and Thesis Progression</a></li> <li class="menu-961261 menu-path-node-19686 odd"><a href="/degree-program/path-to-phd/how-to-navigate-difficult-situation" tabindex="0">How to Navigate a Difficult Situation</a></li> <li class="menu-880136 menu-path-node-16566 even last"><a href="/degree-program/path-to-phd/six-year-policy" tabindex="0">Six-year Policy</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="menu-857736 menu-path-node-16051 odd last"><a href="/degree-program/career-development" tabindex="0">Career Development</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="menu-857791 menuparent menu-path-node-16656 even"><a tabindex="0">Admissions</a><ul><li class="menu-857791 menu-path-node-16656 first odd"><a href="/admissions" tabindex="0">Admissions Overview</a></li> <li class="menu-956496 menuparent menu-path-node-18366 even last"><a tabindex="0">Life After Biophysics</a><ul><li class="menu-956496 menu-path-node-18366 first odd"><a href="/admissions/life-after-biophysics" tabindex="0">Life After Biophysics Overview</a></li> <li class="menu-956546 menu-path-node-18586 even"><a href="/admissions/life-after-biophysics/lillian-chong" tabindex="0">Lillian Chong, PhD</a></li> <li class="menu-956501 menu-path-node-18376 odd"><a href="/admissions/life-after-biophysics/stephen-floor" tabindex="0">Stephen Floor, PhD</a></li> <li class="menu-956506 menu-path-node-18371 even last"><a href="/admissions/life-after-biophysics/jeremy-wilbur" tabindex="0">Jeremy Wilbur, PhD</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="menu-819541 menuparent menu-path-node-16036 odd"><a tabindex="0">People</a><ul><li class="menu-819541 menu-path-node-16036 first odd"><a href="/people" tabindex="0">People Overview</a></li> <li class="menu-961981 menu-path-node-21561 even"><a href="/people/manglik" tabindex="0">Director Aashish Manglik, MD, PhD</a></li> <li class="menu-857906 menu-path-node-16691 odd"><a href="/people/flowers" tabindex="0">Manager Nicole Flowers</a></li> <li class="menu-857981 menu-path-node-16706 even"><a href="/people/faculty" tabindex="0">Faculty</a></li> <li class="menu-857986 menu-path-node-16711 odd"><a href="/people/students" tabindex="0">Students</a></li> <li class="menu-857991 menu-path-node-16716 even"><a href="/people/alumni" tabindex="0">Alumni</a></li> <li class="menu-857891 menu-path-node-16681 odd"><a href="/people/honors-awards-faculty" tabindex="0">Faculty Honors and Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-857896 menu-path-node-16686 even"><a href="/people/honors-awards-student" tabindex="0">Student Honors and Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-962891 menu-path-node-22866 odd last"><a href="/people/honors-awards-student/bp-awards" tabindex="0">Biophysics Graduate Program Awards</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="menu-857996 menuparent menu-path-node-16721 even"><a tabindex="0">Seminars and Events</a><ul><li class="menu-857996 menu-path-node-16721 first odd"><a href="/seminars-events" tabindex="0">Seminars and Events Overview</a></li> <li class="menu-858006 menu-path-node-16586 even"><a href="/seminars-events/bbc-seminar-series" tabindex="0">BBC Seminar Series</a></li> <li class="menu-858016 menu-path-node-16596 odd"><a href="/seminars-events/bp223" tabindex="0">BP 223: Research in Progress Talks</a></li> <li class="menu-858001 menu-path-node-16581 even"><a href="/seminars-events/bp-ccb-pizza-talks" tabindex="0">BP/CCB Pizza Talks</a></li> <li class="menu-957086 menuparent menu-path-node-18811 odd"><a tabindex="0">Outreach Activities</a><ul><li class="menu-957086 menu-path-node-18811 first odd"><a href="/seminars-events/outreach-activities" tabindex="0">Outreach Activities Overview</a></li> <li class="menu-962446 menu-path-node-22276 even last"><a href="/seminars-events/outreach-activities/community-college-outreach" tabindex="0">Community College Outreach Program</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="menu-962451 menu-path-node-22271 even"><a href="/seminars-events/retreat" tabindex="0">QBC Graduate Program Retreat</a></li> <li class="menu-858011 menu-path-node-16601 odd"><a href="/seminars-events/qbc-journal-club" tabindex="0">QBC Journal Club</a></li> <li class="menu-961331 menu-path-node-19846 even"><a href="/seminars-events/student-run-initiatives" tabindex="0">Student-Run Initiatives</a></li> <li class="menu-857756 menu-path-node-16651 odd last"><a href="/seminars-events/undergrad-summer-internships" tabindex="0">Undergraduate Summer Internships</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="menu-854606 menu-path-news odd"><a href="/news" tabindex="0">News</a></li> <li class="menu-837141 menu-path-node-15826 even"><a href="/tour" tabindex="0">Mission Bay Tour</a></li> <li class="menu-837121 menu-path-node-15831 odd last"><a href="/support" tabindex="0">Support the Program</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="lab-title-group"> <div class="lab-title"><a href="/">PhD Degree Program in Biophysics (BP)</a></div> <div class="subtitle"><span>Preparing scientists to reveal the intricacies of living systems through the application of physics and chemistry</span></div> </div> </div>  <div id="main" class="clearfix" role="main"> <div> <div id="content-inner" class="inner column center"> <div id="content-header"> <div class="tabs"></div> </div>  <div id="content-area" class="clearfix"> <h1>Research Areas</h1> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-system-main" class="block block-system"> <div class="content"> <div id="node-16666" class="node node-page clearfix" about="/degree-program/research-areas" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document"> <div class="content"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>The <a href="/">Biophysics Graduate Program</a> offers seven areas of research emphasis:</p> <ol> <li><a href="#biophysical-approaches-to-cell-biology">Biophysical approaches to cell biology</a></li> <li><a href="#complex-biological-systems">Complex biological systems</a></li> <li><a href="#computational-and-theoretical-biophysics">Computational and theoretical biophysics</a></li> <li><a href="#membrane-biophysics">Membrane biophysics</a></li> <li><a href="#protein-engineering-and-synthetic-biology">Protein engineering and synthetic biology</a></li> <li><a href="#proteomics-and-genomics">Proteomics and genomics</a></li> <li><a href="#structural-biology">Structural biology</a></li> </ol> <h2><a id="biophysical-approaches-to-cell-biology" name="biophysical-approaches-to-cell-biology"></a>1. Biophysical approaches to cell biology</h2> <p>The fields of molecular and cellular biology are exceptionally strong at UCSF, and many faculty members in these areas use cutting-edge tools of biophysics. These approaches include quantitative analyses of chaperones, protein- and RNA-based assemblies, motor proteins, enzymes, receptors, ion channels and transport proteins, protein-ligand complexes, and viral-host complexes. Research in quantitative cell biology also includes studies of chromosomes and centrosomes, proteosomes, clathrin-coated vesicles, synaptic vesicles, actin cytoskeleton, and organelle biogenesis.</p> <p>The strengths of our program at UCSF encompass:</p> <ul> <li>Atom-level analyses using physics-based methods and fundamental principles of physical chemistry.</li> <li>Protein folding in vivo, protein sorting, and macromolecule dynamics.</li> <li>Regulation of transcription and translation.</li> <li>mRNA export, RNA splicing and turnover.</li> <li>Quantitative analyses of gene regulatory networks.</li> <li>Network feedback control by kinases.</li> <li>Spatial and temporal control networks.</li> <li>Mechanisms of chromatin remodeling and transmembrane signaling.</li> <li>Molecular basis of electrical signaling and synaptic plasticity.</li> <li>Engineering and physical principles underlying cellular morphogenesis.</li> <li>Cell fate determination.</li> <li>Cell polarity and migration.</li> <li>Cellular energy metabolism.</li> <li>Apoptosis and cancer.</li> <li>Drug discovery and delivery.</li> </ul> <p>Other innovations such as molecular evolution, microfabrication and nanofabrication, biomimetic architecture design, and programmed assembly of three-dimensional tissues create opportunities to validate our understanding and develop novel therapeutics. What makes our research community unique is the ease of combining expertise to solve biological questions of interest.</p> <p>Core faculty members:</p> <ul class="columns-3"> <li><a href="http://www.msg.ucsf.edu/agard/">David Agard</a></li> <li><a href="https://al-sadylab.ucsf.edu/">Bassem Al-Sady</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.altschulerwulab.org/">Steven Altschuler</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/arkin/about">Michelle Arkin</a></li> <li><a href="https://aydoganlab.com/">Mustafa Aydogan</a></li> <li><a href="https://canziolab.ucsf.edu/">Daniele Canzio</a></li> <li><a href="http://fredchanglab.ucsf.edu/">Fred Chang</a></li> <li><a href="https://cardiacvision.ucsf.edu/">Jan Christoph</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wcoyotelab.com/">Willow Coyote-Maestas</a></li> <li><a href="https://delrossolab.com">Nicole DelRosso</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.dumontlab.ucsf.edu/">Sophie Dumont</a></li> <li>Robert Edwards</li> <li><a href="http://pharm.ucsf.edu/england">Pamela England</a></li> <li><a href="http://floorlab.org/">Stephen Floor</a></li> <li><a href="http://funglab.ucsf.edu/fung-lab-people">Jennifer Fung</a></li> <li><a href="https://bms.ucsf.edu/people/alan-frankel-phd">Alan Frankel</a></li> <li><a href="http://frostlab.org/">Adam Frost</a></li> <li><a href="http://fujimorilab.ucsf.edu/">Danica Galonic Fujimori</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.gartnerlab.ucsf.edu/">Zev Gartner</a></li> <li><a href="https://bms.ucsf.edu/people/carol-gross-phd">Carol Gross</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/gross">John Gross</a></li> <li><a href="https://physiology.ucsf.edu/content/jan-lily-phd">Lily Jan</a></li> <li><a href="http://kampmannlab.ucsf.edu/">Martin Kampmann</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.keiserlab.org">Michael Keiser</a></li> <li><a href="https://kinmanlab.ucsf.edu/">Laurel Kinman</a></li> <li>Yuriy Kirichok</li> <li><a href="http://limlab.ucsf.edu/">Wendell Lim</a></li> <li><a href="http://madhanilab.ucsf.edu/">Hiten Madhani</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.mangliklab.com/">Aashish Manglik</a></li> <li><a href="https://cellgeometry.ucsf.edu/">Wallace Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/miller">Susan Miller</a></li> <li><a href="https://cvri.ucsf.edu/people/daniel-minor-phd">Daniel Minor</a></li> <li><a href="http://mullinslab.ucsf.edu/">Dyche Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="http://narlikarlab.ucsf.edu/">Geeta Narlikar</a></li> <li><a href="https://aphillipslab.ucsf.edu">Angela Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.pinneylabucsf.com/">Margaux Pinney</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.kiraposkanzerlab.org/">Kira Poskanzer</a></li> <li>Jason Sello</li> <li><a href="http://shokatlab.ucsf.edu/">Kevan Shokat</a></li> <li><a href="https://ind.ucsf.edu/our-people/daniel-southworth-phd">Dan Southworth</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.msg.ucsf.edu/stroud/index.htm">Robert Stroud</a></li> <li><a href="https://tenthoreylab.ucsf.edu/">Jeannette Tenthorey</a></li> <li>Kliment Verba</li> <li><a href="https://www.membrainlab.com/">John Vaughen</a></li> <li><a href="http://walterlab.ucsf.edu/">Peter Walter</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/wang">Lei Wang</a></li> <li><a href="https://cvri.ucsf.edu/people/orion-weiner-phd">Orion Weiner</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/wells">James Wells</a></li> <li><a href="https://williamslab.ucsf.edu/">Allison Williams</a></li> <li><a href="https://profiles.ucsf.edu/torsten.wittmann">Torsten Wittmann</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.altschulerwulab.org/">Lani Wu</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/zaro">Balyn Zaro</a></li> </ul> <h2><a id="complex-biological-systems" name="complex-biological-systems"></a>2. Complex biological systems</h2> <p>The <a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/cbs">designated emphasis in Complex Biological Systems</a> has brought together a group of investigators with research interests in computational and systems biology. The focus of these laboratories is to understand the overarching organizational principles that underlie the operation of biological networks in health and their failure in disease.</p> <p>Research areas span systems operating at multiple biological scales, ranging from gene networks to communities of cells and organisms. We emphasize both the reverse-engineering of endogenous biological networks and the forward-engineering of synthetic ones. These investigations pose a number of challenges, which are addressed using strong emphasis on the development of cutting-edge computational and experimental technologies.</p> <p>Close interactions among the systems biology investigators and the biophysics and bioinformatics research groups provide for a fertile multidisciplinary environment in graduate training. In addition, a seamless interface between the complex biological systems and the vibrant cell, molecular, and developmental biology communities at UCSF catalyzes productive and close-knit iterations between computation and experimentation. These interactions rapidly advance our knowledge of how biological systems achieve their emergent properties.</p> <p>Core faculty members:</p> <ul class="columns-3"> <li><a href="https://www.abatelab.org/">Adam Abate</a></li> <li><a href="https://al-sadylab.ucsf.edu/">Bassem Al-Sady</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.altschulerwulab.org/">Steven Altschuler</a></li> <li><a href="https://aydoganlab.com/">Mustafa Aydogan</a></li> <li><a href="https://canziolab.ucsf.edu/">Daniele Canzio</a></li> <li><a href="http://fredchanglab.ucsf.edu/">Fred Chang</a></li> <li><a href="https://cardiacvision.ucsf.edu/">Jan Christoph</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wcoyotelab.com/">Willow Coyote-Maestas</a></li> <li><a href="https://delrossolab.com">Nicole DelRosso</a></li> <li><a href="https://derisilab.ucsf.edu">Joseph DeRisi</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/degrado">Bill DeGrado</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/desai">Tejal Desai</a></li> <li><a href="http://bionano.ucsf.edu/">Shawn Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.dumontlab.ucsf.edu/">Sophie Dumont</a></li> <li>Hana El-Samad</li> <li><a href="http://floorlab.org/">Stephen Floor</a></li> <li><a href="http://fraserlab.com/">James Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="http://funglab.ucsf.edu/fung-lab-people">Jennifer Fung</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.gartnerlab.ucsf.edu/">Zev Gartner</a></li> <li><a href="http://goodarzilab.ucsf.edu/">Hani Goodarzi</a></li> <li><a href="https://cvri.ucsf.edu/people/michael-grabe-phd">Michael Grabe</a></li> <li><a href="https://bms.ucsf.edu/people/carol-gross-phd">Carol Gross</a></li> <li><a href="http://huanglab.ucsf.edu/">Bo Huang</a></li> <li><a href="https://jacobsonlab.wordpress.com/">Matthew Jacobson</a></li> <li><a href="https://bms.ucsf.edu/people/natalia-jura-phd">Natalia Jura</a></li> <li><a href="http://kampmannlab.ucsf.edu/">Martin Kampmann</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.keiserlab.org">Michael Keiser</a></li> <li><a href="https://kinmanlab.ucsf.edu/">Laurel Kinman</a></li> <li><a href="https://kortemmelab.ucsf.edu/">Tanja Kortemme</a></li> <li><a href="http://kroganlab.ucsf.edu/">Nevan Krogan</a></li> <li><a href="http://mobydick.ucsf.edu/">Hao Li</a></li> <li><a href="http://limlab.ucsf.edu/">Wendell Lim</a></li> <li><a href="http://madhanilab.ucsf.edu/">Hiten Madhani</a></li> <li><a href="https://cellgeometry.ucsf.edu/">Wallace Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="http://mullinslab.ucsf.edu/">Dyche Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="http://narlikarlab.ucsf.edu/">Geeta Narlikar</a></li> <li><a href="https://aphillipslab.ucsf.edu">Angela Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.pinneylabucsf.com/">Margaux Pinney</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.kiraposkanzerlab.org/">Kira Poskanzer</a></li> <li><a href="https://salilab.org/">Andrej Sali</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.shipmanlab.org/">Seth Shipman</a></li> <li><a href="https://tenthoreylab.ucsf.edu/">Jeannette Tenthorey</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.membrainlab.com/">John Vaughen</a></li> <li><a href="http://weinbergerlab.ucsf.edu/">Leor Weinberger</a></li> <li><a href="https://cvri.ucsf.edu/people/orion-weiner-phd">Orion Weiner</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/wells">James Wells</a></li> <li><a href="https://profiles.ucsf.edu/torsten.wittmann">Torsten Wittmann</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.altschulerwulab.org/">Lani Wu</a></li> </ul> <h2><a id="computational-and-theoretical-biophysics" name="computational-and-theoretical-biophysics"></a>3. Computational and theoretical biophysics</h2> <p>Computational and theoretical biophysics have been strengths at UCSF for decades. Early, influential contributions included the first widely used computer-aided drug design program (DOCK, developed originally by Irwin "Tack" Kuntz and currently led by Brian Shoichet's group) and the AMBER molecular dynamics program developed by the late Peter Kollman.</p> <p>We continue to have very strong efforts in molecular modeling, which have expanded into areas such as comparative modeling, cheminformatics, and protein design, and we are building new strengths in computational systems biology and multi-scale modeling.</p> <p>All of our faculty members either have their own wet laboratory experimental efforts or collaborate extensively with others with wet laboratories.</p> <p>Core faculty members:</p> <ul class="columns-3"> <li><a href="http://www.altschulerwulab.org/">Steven Altschuler</a></li> <li><a href="https://aydoganlab.com/">Mustafa Aydogan</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.capralab.org/">Tony Capra</a></li> <li>Hana El-Samad</li> <li><a href="http://funglab.ucsf.edu/">Jennifer Fung</a></li> <li><a href="http://fraserlab.com/">James Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="https://cvri.ucsf.edu/people/michael-grabe-phd">Michael Grabe</a></li> <li><a href="https://jacobsonlab.wordpress.com/">Matthew Jacobson</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.keiserlab.org">Michael Keiser</a></li> <li><a href="http://mobydick.ucsf.edu/">Hao Li</a></li> <li><a href="https://salilab.org/">Andrej Sali</a></li> <li><a href="https://bkslab.org">Brian Shoichet</a></li> <li><a href="http://weinbergerlab.ucsf.edu/">Leor Weinberger</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.altschulerwulab.org/">Lani Wu</a></li> </ul> <h2><a id="membrane-biophysics" name="membrane-biophysics"></a>4. Membrane biophysics</h2> <p>Membrane Biophysics studies the function and structure of biological membranes, in particular the molecules that endow cell membranes with their extraordinary properties. The UCSF Membrane Biophysics subgroup comprises a group of exceptionally strong laboratories interested in ion channels and membrane transport proteins, membrane receptors and signaling pathways associated with biological membranes, as well as membrane trafficking. The faculty in the group are interested not only in the function of molecules that compose biological membranes, but in how these functions are encoded by structure. Participation in activities of the Membrane Biophysics subgroup will provide students a strong background in both classical and emergent methods of biophysics, biochemistry and structural biology. The questions addressed by these groups also have relevance for diverse fields, from cell biology and neuroscience to fertilization, aging, cardiac and neuropsychiatric disease.</p> <p>Core faculty members:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.wcoyotelab.com/">Willow Coyote-Maestas</a></li> <li>Robert Edwards</li> <li><a href="http://frostlab.org/">Adam Frost</a></li> <li><a href="https://cvri.ucsf.edu/people/michael-grabe-phd">Michael Grabe</a></li> <li><a href="https://physiology.ucsf.edu/content/jan-lily-phd">Lily Jan</a></li> <li><a href="https://profiles.ucsf.edu/david.julius">David Julius</a></li> <li>Yuriy Kirichok</li> <li><a href="http://www.mangliklab.com/">Aashish Manglik</a></li> <li><a href="https://cvri.ucsf.edu/people/daniel-minor-phd">Daniel Minor</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.msg.ucsf.edu/stroud/">Robert Stroud</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.susalab.com/">Katherine Susa</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.membrainlab.com/">John Vaughen</a></li> </ul> <h2><a id="protein-engineering-and-synthetic-biology" name="protein-engineering-and-synthetic-biology"></a>5. Protein engineering and synthetic biology</h2> <p>UCSF has a small but exceptionally strong group of faculty members with expertise in protein engineering, using both computational and experimental methods. The tools of protein engineering are being used to advance both human health (therapeutic antibodies, medical imaging) and the goals of synthetic biology.</p> <p>Core faculty members:</p> <ul class="columns-3"> <li><a href="https://www.abatelab.org/">Adam Abate</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/arkin/about">Michelle Arkin</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wcoyotelab.com/">Willow Coyote-Maestas</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/craik">Charles S. Craik</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/degrado">William DeGrado</a></li> <li><a href="https://delrossolab.com">Nicole DelRosso</a></li> <li><a href="http://bionano.ucsf.edu/">Shawn Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="http://fraserlab.com/">James Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="https://kortemmelab.ucsf.edu/">Tanja Kortemme</a></li> <li><a href="http://limlab.ucsf.edu/">Wendell Lim</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.mangliklab.com/">Aashish Manglik</a></li> <li><a href="https://aphillipslab.ucsf.edu">Angela Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.pinneylabucsf.com/">Margaux Pinney</a></li> <li>Jason Sello</li> <li><a href="https://www.shipmanlab.org/">Seth Shipman</a></li> <li><a href="http://shulab.ucsf.edu/Shulab.html">Xiaokun Shu</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.susalab.com/">Katherine Susa</a></li> <li><a href="https://tenthoreylab.ucsf.edu/">Jeannette Tenthorey</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/wang">Lei Wang</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/wells">James Wells</a></li> <li><a href="https://profiles.ucsf.edu/torsten.wittmann">Torsten Wittmann</a></li> </ul> <h2><a id="proteomics-and-genomics" name="proteomics-and-genomics"></a>6. Proteomics and genomics</h2> <p>Presently, there is an exponential increase of genome sequence information being derived from a wide variety of organisms using next-generation sequencing technologies. One major next step is trying to elucidate the function of the annotated genes using functional proteomic platforms, which are both experimental and computational in nature. For example, identifying and characterizing the physical connections between different proteins is essential in understanding gene function.</p> <p>State-of-the-art mass spectrometry is often used to identify protein-protein interactions in a variety of systems and this information is exploited by many scientists at UCSF, including those focused on systems, structural, and computational biology.</p> <p>Furthermore, global and targeted study of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins is also carried out at UCSF, and these specific PTMs are used to understand the biological and structural connections between different protein-protein interactions.</p> <p>Ultimately, this information is highly complementary to data obtained from genomic approaches available at UCSF and combined, they are crucial in understanding complex biological phenomenon.</p> <p>Core faculty members:</p> <ul class="columns-3"> <li><a href="https://canziolab.ucsf.edu/">Daniele Canzio</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.capralab.org/">Tony Capra</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wcoyotelab.com/">Willow Coyote-Maestas</a></li> <li><a href="https://derisilab.ucsf.edu">Joseph DeRisi</a></li> <li><a href="http://floorlab.org/">Stephen Floor</a></li> <li><a href="http://funglab.ucsf.edu/fung-lab-people">Jennifer Fung</a></li> <li><a href="http://goodarzilab.ucsf.edu/">Hani Goodarzi</a></li> <li><a href="http://kampmannlab.ucsf.edu/">Martin Kampmann</a></li> <li><a href="http://kroganlab.ucsf.edu/">Nevan Krogan</a></li> <li><a href="https://aphillipslab.ucsf.edu">Angela Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="https://salilab.org/">Andrej Sali</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.shipmanlab.org/">Seth Shipman</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/wang">Lei Wang</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/zaro">Balyn Zaro</a></li> </ul> <h2><a id="structural-biology" name="structural-biology"></a>7. Structural biology</h2> <p>UCSF has been a pioneer in structural biology for more than three decades. Our historic strengths in X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance have now been expanded to efforts in cryoelectron microscopy and high-resolution microscopy. Structural biology at UCSF benefits from a wide range of core facilities, including those in the <a href="http://msg.ucsf.edu/">Macromolecular Structural Group</a>.</p> <p>Core faculty members:</p> <ul class="columns-3"> <li><a href="http://www.msg.ucsf.edu/agard/">David Agard</a></li> <li><a href="https://msg.ucsf.edu/people/yifan-cheng-phd">Yifan Cheng</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wcoyotelab.com/">Willow Coyote-Maestas</a></li> <li><a href="http://bionano.ucsf.edu/">Shawn Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="http://fraserlab.com/">James Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="http://frostlab.org/">Adam Frost</a></li> <li><a href="https://cvri.ucsf.edu/people/michael-grabe-phd">Michael Grabe</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/gross">John Gross</a></li> <li><a href="http://huanglab.ucsf.edu/">Bo Huang</a></li> <li><a href="https://bms.ucsf.edu/people/natalia-jura-phd">Natalia Jura</a></li> <li><a href="http://limlab.ucsf.edu/">Wendell Lim</a></li> <li><a href="https://kinmanlab.ucsf.edu/">Laurel Kinman</a></li> <li><a href="https://cvri.ucsf.edu/people/daniel-minor-phd">Daniel Minor</a></li> <li><a href="http://pownall-lab.org">Mark Pownall</a></li> <li><a href="https://ind.ucsf.edu/our-people/daniel-southworth-phd">Dan Southworth</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.msg.ucsf.edu/stroud/index.htm">Robert Stroud</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.susalab.com/">Katherine Susa</a></li> <li><a href="https://cmp.ucsf.edu/faculty/kliment-verba">Kliment Verba</a></li> <li><a href="https://williamslab.ucsf.edu/">Allison Williams</a></li> </ul></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar-first"> <div class="region region-sidebar-first"> <div id="block-domain-menu-block-main-menu" class="block block-domain-menu-block"> <div class="content"> <div class="skip primary"> <a href="#postnav">Skip primary navigation</a> </div> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-main-menu menu-name-95ab1d4d78cce734039268e7f3b0e0db parent-mlid-0 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-819531"><a href="/" tabindex="0">Home</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-819536"><a href="/about" tabindex="0">About</a></li> <li class="expanded active-trail menu-mlid-857796"><a href="/degree-program" class="active-trail" tabindex="0">Degree Program</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf active-trail active menu-mlid-857801"><a href="/degree-program/research-areas" class="active-trail active" tabindex="0">Research Areas</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-857806"><a href="/degree-program/curriculum" tabindex="0">Curriculum</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-880056"><a href="/degree-program/path-to-phd" tabindex="0">Path to PhD</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-857736"><a href="/degree-program/career-development" tabindex="0">Career Development</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-857791"><a href="/admissions" tabindex="0">Admissions</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-819541"><a href="/people" tabindex="0">People</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-857996"><a href="/seminars-events" tabindex="0">Seminars and Events</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-854606"><a href="/news" tabindex="0">News</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-837141"><a href="/tour" tabindex="0">Mission Bay Tour</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-837121"><a href="/support" tabindex="0">Support the Program</a></li> </ul></div> <span id="postnav"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  <div role="complementary" class="footer-make-a-gift-and-quote no-footer-quote"> <div class="footer-make-a-gift"> <a href="https://tiny.ucsf.edu/givephdstudentfellowships">Make a gift</a> </div> </div> <div class="footer-wrapper-outer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="footer-wrapper-inner"> <div class="footer-site-names-and-disclaimer"> <div id="parent-1-name-wrapper"> <div id="parent-2-name"><p class="admin">Offered by the <a href="https://graduate.ucsf.edu/">UCSF Graduate Division</a></p><p>Administered by the <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/">UCSF School of Pharmacy</a></p><p>Delivered by faculty members in the <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/">UCSF School of Pharmacy</a> and the <a href="https://medschool.ucsf.edu/">UCSF School of Medicine</a></p><p><a class="nih" href="https://www.nih.gov/"><img src="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/nih-white-cropped.svg" alt="NIH" /></a></p><p>Supported by the <a href="https://www.nih.gov/">National Institutes of Health</a></p></div> </div> </div> <div class="footer menu"> <div class="region region-footer"> <div id="block-menu-footer" class="block block-menu"> <h2>Footer Menu</h2> <div class="content"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/suggestions" tabindex="0">Suggestions</a></li> <li class="first leaf"><a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/support?reporturl=https%3A//biophysics.ucsf.edu/degree-program/research-areas" tabindex="0">Report a problem</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/./contact" tabindex="0">Contact us</a></li> <li class="first leaf"><a href="https://websites.ucsf.edu/digital-accessibility" tabindex="0">Accessibility</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://www.ucsf.edu/website-privacy-policy" tabindex="0">Privacy policy</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://websites.ucsf.edu/website-terms-use" tabindex="0">Terms of use</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://websites.ucsf.edu/azlist" tabindex="0">A-Z website list</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/saml_login?destination=degree-program/research-areas" tabindex="0">Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-social"> <div class="item-list"></div> </div> <div class="copyright"> © 2002–2024 The Regents of the University of California </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://biophysics.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_js/js__GM3GJPR36rRIz0TRkjC5OQwrioSyN9aoYRivDhCO_AM__qAl84FcCv2jyN22yFGS5Oc85cjd9zKX6p_cFNLGhe-M__-iFA0ATO3ySY-eNcXeFaJCBOak8NPZowOcsB-7FQktw.js" async="async"></script> </body> </html>