CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Log in - Wikimedia Commons</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )commonswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":true,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b0cbd9b9-f592-4617-843f-a3fdde30a47e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Special","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":"Userlogin","wgNamespaceNumber":-1,"wgPageName":"Special:UserLogin","wgTitle":"UserLogin","wgCurRevisionId":0,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":0,"wgIsArticle":false,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[], "wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Special:UserLogin","wgRelevantArticleId":0,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgNoticeProject":"commons","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":false,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":0,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"upwizPropertyTitles":{"P180":"Main subjects visible in this work"},"upwizPropertyPlaceholders":{"P180":"e.g., Angolan giraffe"},"upwizPropertyCopyLabels":{"P180":"Main subjects"},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true, "wgULSPosition":"personal","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":true,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":false,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":true,"wbmiDefaultProperties":["P180"],"wbmiPropertyTitles":{"P180":"Items portrayed in this file"},"wbmiPropertyTypes":{"P180":"wikibase-item"},"wbmiRepoApiUrl":"/w/api.php","wbmiHelpUrls":{"P180":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Depicts"},"wbmiExternalEntitySearchBaseUri":"https://www.wikidata.org/w/api.php","wbmiSupportedDataTypes":["wikibase-item","string","quantity","time","monolingualtext","external-id","globe-coordinate","url"]};RLSTATE={"user.options":"loading","mediawiki.special.userlogin.common.styles":"ready","mediawiki.special.userlogin.login.styles":"ready","mediawiki.htmlform.codex.styles":"ready","mediawiki.htmlform.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","codex-search-styles":"ready","ext.uls.pt": "ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.checkUser.clientHints","mediawiki.htmlform","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.wikimediaEvents.wikibase","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.compactlinks","ext.uls.interface"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=codex-search-styles%7Cext.uls.pt%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.htmlform.codex.styles%7Cmediawiki.htmlform.styles%7Cmediawiki.special.userlogin.common.styles%7Cmediawiki.special.userlogin.login.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy&only=styles&skin=vector"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&safemode=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Log in - Wikimedia Commons"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UserLogin"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/commons.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/commons.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikimedia Commons"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?centralAuthAutologinTried=1&centralAuthError=Not+centrally+logged+in&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&title=Special:UserLogin&warning=mwoauth-named-account-required-reason"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikimedia Commons Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin-vector-legacy mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns--1 ns-special mw-special-Userlogin page-Special_UserLogin rootpage-Special_UserLogin skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Log in</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div id="userloginprompt"></div><div id="languagelinks"><p>Language: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=ar" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="ar" lang="ar">العربية</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=bg" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="bg" lang="bg">български</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=bn" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="bn" lang="bn">বাংলা</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=ca" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="ca" lang="ca">català</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=cs" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="cs" lang="cs">čeština</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=de" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="de" lang="de">Deutsch</a> | English | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=el" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="el" lang="el">Ελληνικά</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=eo" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="eo" lang="eo">Esperanto</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=es" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="es" lang="es">español</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=fa" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="fa" lang="fa">فارسی</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=fi" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="fi" lang="fi">suomi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=fr" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="fr" lang="fr">français</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=gl" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="gl" lang="gl">galego</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=he" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="he" lang="he">עברית</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=hr" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="hr" lang="hr">hrvatski</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=hu" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="hu" lang="hu">magyar</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=id" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="id" lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=it" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="it" lang="it">italiano</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=ja" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="ja" lang="ja">日本語</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=jbo" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="jbo" lang="jbo">la .lojban.</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=mk" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="mk" lang="mk">македонски</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=ml" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="ml" lang="ml">മലയാളം</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=nds" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="nds" lang="nds">Plattdüütsch</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=nl" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="nl" lang="nl">Nederlands</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=no" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="nb" lang="nb">norsk</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=pl" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="pl" lang="pl">polski</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=pt" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="pt" lang="pt">português</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=ru" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="ru" lang="ru">русский</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=sk" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="sk" lang="sk">slovenčina</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=sl" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="sl" lang="sl">slovenščina</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=sq" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="sq" lang="sq">shqip</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=sr" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="sr" lang="sr">српски / srpski</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=sv" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="sv" lang="sv">svenska</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=uk" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="uk" lang="uk">українська</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=yue" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="yue" lang="yue">粵語</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&uselang=zh" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="Special:UserLogin" hreflang="zh" lang="zh">中文</a></p></div><div class="mw-ui-container"><div id="userloginForm"><form class="mw-htmlform mw-htmlform-codex" action="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976" method="post" name="userlogin"><input type="hidden" value="Special:UserLogin" name="title"> <div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">This feature is available only to registered users. You need to login into your Wikimedia Commons account to authorize applications to access it.</div></div><div class="mw-htmlform-field-HTMLTextField loginText mw-userlogin-username cdx-field"><div class="cdx-label"><label class="cdx-label__label" for="wpName1"><span class="cdx-label__label__text">Username</span></label></div><div class="cdx-field__control"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input id="wpName1" name="wpName" size="20" placeholder="Enter your username" class="loginText mw-userlogin-username cdx-text-input__input" tabindex="1" required="" autofocus="" autocomplete="username"></div></div></div><div class="mw-htmlform-field-HTMLTextField loginPassword mw-userlogin-password cdx-field"><div class="cdx-label"><label class="cdx-label__label" for="wpPassword1"><span class="cdx-label__label__text">Password</span></label></div><div class="cdx-field__control"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input id="wpPassword1" name="wpPassword" size="20" placeholder="Enter your password" class="loginPassword mw-userlogin-password cdx-text-input__input" tabindex="2" required="" autocomplete="current-password" type="password"></div></div></div><div class="mw-htmlform-field-HTMLCheckField mw-userlogin-rememberme cdx-field"><div class="cdx-field__control"><div class="cdx-checkbox"><input name="wpRemember" type="checkbox" value="1" id="wpRemember" tabindex="3" class="mw-userlogin-rememberme cdx-checkbox__input" /><span class="cdx-checkbox__icon"> </span><label for="wpRemember" class="cdx-checkbox__label">Keep me logged in</label></div></div></div><div class="mw-htmlform-field-HTMLSubmitField cdx-field"><div class="cdx-field__control"><button class="mw-htmlform-submit cdx-button cdx-button--weight-primary cdx-button--action-progressive" id="wpLoginAttempt" type="submit" name="wploginattempt" value="Log in" tabindex="4">Log in</button></div></div><div class="mw-htmlform-field-HTMLInfoField mw-form-related-link-container mw-userlogin-help cdx-field"><div class="cdx-field__control"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Logging_in">Help with logging in</a></div></div><div class="mw-htmlform-field-HTMLInfoField cdx-field"><div class="cdx-field__control"><div id="mw-createaccount-cta" class="mw-ui-vform-field">Don't have an account?<a id="mw-createaccount-join" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&campaign=loginCTA" class="mw-authentication-popup-link cdx-button cdx-button--action-progressive cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled" target="_self" tabindex="100">Join Wikimedia Commons</a></div></div></div><input id="wpEditToken" type="hidden" value="+\" name="wpEditToken"> <input name="authAction" type="hidden" value="login"> <input name="force" type="hidden"> <input name="wpLoginToken" type="hidden" value="01856fb6a1f65e2c6da6c3877bb1c97b674264a7+\"> </form></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UserLogin">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UserLogin</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Personal tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-uls" class="mw-list-item active"><a class="uls-trigger" href="#"><span>English</span></a></li><li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="The user page for the IP address you are editing as">Not logged in</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item active"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav id="p-namespaces" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Namespaces</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-special" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?centralAuthAutologinTried=1&centralAuthError=Not+centrally+logged+in&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&title=Special:UserLogin&warning=mwoauth-named-account-required-reason" title="This is a special page, and it cannot be edited"><span>Special page</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-variants" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <label id="p-variants-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <nav id="p-views" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-views emptyPortlet vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" > <h3 id="p-views-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Views</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-cactions" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-cactions-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" > <label id="p-cactions-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">More</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box"> <h3 >Search</h3> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="vector-search-box-form"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="vector-search-box-inner" data-search-loc="header-navigation"> <input class="vector-search-box-input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikimedia Commons" aria-label="Search Wikimedia Commons" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikimedia Commons [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:MediaSearch"> <input id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" title="Search the pages for this text" value="Search"> <input id="searchButton" class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" value="Go"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel" class="vector-legacy-sidebar"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page"></a> </div> <nav id="p-navigation" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" > <h3 id="p-navigation-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Navigate</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-welcome" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Commons:Welcome"><span>Welcome</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Commons:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Commons:Village_pump"><span>Village pump</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="The place to find out"><span>Help center</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-participate" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-participate vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-participate-label" > <h3 id="p-participate-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Participate</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-uploadbtn" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:UploadWizard"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-latestfiles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:NewFiles"><span>Latest files</span></a></li><li id="n-randomimage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random/File" title="Load a random file [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random file</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Commons:Contact_us"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-tb" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" > <h3 id="p-tb-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DSpecial%3AUserLogin%26centralAuthAutologinTried%3D1%26centralAuthError%3DNot%2Bcentrally%2Blogged%2Bin%26returnto%3DSpecial%253AOAuth%252Fauthenticate%26returntoquery%3Doauth_token%253D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976%26warning%3Dmwoauth-named-account-required-reason"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DSpecial%3AUserLogin%26centralAuthAutologinTried%3D1%26centralAuthError%3DNot%2Bcentrally%2Blogged%2Bin%26returnto%3DSpecial%253AOAuth%252Fauthenticate%26returntoquery%3Doauth_token%253D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976%26warning%3Dmwoauth-named-account-required-reason"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In other projects</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Commons:Welcome">About Wikimedia Commons</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Commons:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/commons.wikimedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//commons.m.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&centralAuthAutologinTried=1&centralAuthError=Not+centrally+logged+in&returnto=Special%3AOAuth%2Fauthenticate&returntoquery=oauth_token%3D31c3371496e43f21075b3b386dad8976&warning=mwoauth-named-account-required-reason&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("This page is using the deprecated ResourceLoader module \"codex-search-styles\".\n[1.43] Use a CodexModule with codexComponents to set your specific components used: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Codex#Using_a_limited_subset_of_components");mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-542sp","wgBackendResponseTime":160});});</script> </body> </html>