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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_of_apartheid:_1985–1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Effect of apartheid: 1985–1990 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effect_of_apartheid:_1985–1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rebranding:_1997–2005" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebranding:_1997–2005"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Rebranding: 1997–2005 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebranding:_1997–2005-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restructuring_and_Star_Alliance:_2006–2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restructuring_and_Star_Alliance:_2006–2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Restructuring and Star Alliance: 2006–2011 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restructuring_and_Star_Alliance:_2006–2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_difficulties_and_bankruptcy:_2012–2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_difficulties_and_bankruptcy:_2012–2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Financial difficulties and bankruptcy: 2012–2020 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_difficulties_and_bankruptcy:_2012–2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relaunch:_2021–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relaunch:_2021–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 Relaunch: 2021–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relaunch:_2021–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Corporate affairs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Corporate affairs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Head_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Head_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Head office </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Head_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_trends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_trends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Business trends </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_trends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emblems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emblems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Emblems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emblems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-competitive_practices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-competitive_practices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Anti-competitive practices </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-competitive_practices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racism_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racism_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Racism controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racism_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corruption_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corruption_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Corruption controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corruption_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019_Industrial_strike_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_Industrial_strike_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 2019 Industrial strike action </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_Industrial_strike_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chief_executive_officers_(CEO)_through_the_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_executive_officers_(CEO)_through_the_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Chief executive officers (CEO) through the years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chief_executive_officers_(CEO)_through_the_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delinquent_director_judgement_-_Dudu_Myeni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delinquent_director_judgement_-_Dudu_Myeni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Delinquent director judgement - Dudu Myeni </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delinquent_director_judgement_-_Dudu_Myeni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Destinations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destinations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Destinations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Destinations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Destinations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Destinations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Codeshare_agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Codeshare_agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Codeshare agreements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Codeshare_agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interline_agreement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interline_agreement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Interline agreement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interline_agreement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fleet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fleet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Fleet </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fleet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Fleet subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Fleet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_fleet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_fleet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Current fleet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_fleet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_fleet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_fleet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Former fleet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_fleet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Services </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Services subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In-flight_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In-flight_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 In-flight services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In-flight_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frequent-flyer_program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frequent-flyer_program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Frequent-flyer program </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frequent-flyer_program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport_lounges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport_lounges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Airport lounges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport_lounges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accidents_and_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accidents_and_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Accidents and incidents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accidents_and_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">South African Airways</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" > 49 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suid-Afrikaanse_Lugdiens" title="Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="خطوط جنوب إفريقيا الجوية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خطوط جنوب إفريقيا الجوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C" title="সাউথ আফ্রিকা এয়ারওয়েজ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাউথ আফ্রিকা এয়ারওয়েজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C" title="दक्षिण अफ़्रीका एयरवेज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="दक्षिण अफ़्रीका एयरवेज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="هواپیمایی آفریقای جنوبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هواپیمایی آفریقای جنوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%ED%95%AD%EA%B3%B5" title="남아프리카 항공 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="남아프리카 항공" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C" title="दक्षिण अफ्रीकी एयरवेज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दक्षिण अफ्रीकी एयरवेज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA%27_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96" title="סאות' אפריקן איירווייז – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סאות' אפריקן איירווייז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%8F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾದ ಏರ್ವೇಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾದ ಏರ್ವೇಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="സൗത്ത് ആഫ്രിക്കൻ എയർവേസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൗത്ത് ആഫ്രിക്കൻ എയർവേസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9D" title="साउथ आफ्रिकन एरवेझ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="साउथ आफ्रिकन एरवेझ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%87" title="خطوط جنوب افريقيا الجويه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خطوط جنوب افريقيا الجويه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="南アフリカ航空 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="南アフリカ航空" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B7" title="Саут Африкан ервејз – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Саут Африкан ервејз" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เซาท์แอฟริกันแอร์เวส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซาท์แอฟริกันแอร์เวส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%BE_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="ساوتھ افریقن ائیرویز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ساوتھ افریقن ائیرویز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="South African Airways" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="南非航空 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="南非航空" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="南非航空 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Flag carrier of South Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258442903">.mw-parser-output .infobox-airline-codes{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#dadde3);color:var(--color-base,#202122);font-weight:bold;line-height:1}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">South African Airways</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:SAA_logo_(2019).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7c/SAA_logo_%282019%29.svg/200px-SAA_logo_%282019%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7c/SAA_logo_%282019%29.svg/300px-SAA_logo_%282019%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7c/SAA_logo_%282019%29.svg/400px-SAA_logo_%282019%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="202" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="infobox-airline-codes"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="padding-top: 0.5em; border-right: 1px solid white; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Airline_codes#IATA_airline_designator" title="Airline codes">IATA</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="padding-top: 0.5em; border-right: 1px solid white; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Airline_codes#ICAO_airline_designator" title="Airline codes">ICAO</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Aviation_call_signs#Commercial_airline" title="Aviation call signs">Call sign</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nickname" style="padding-bottom: 0.5em; border-right: 1px solid white; text-align: center;">SA </td> <td class="nickname" style="padding-bottom: 0.5em; border-right: 1px solid white; text-align: center;">SAA </td> <td class="nickname" style="padding-bottom: 0.5em; text-align: center;">SPRINGBOK </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">24 July 1929; 95 years ago (1929-07-24) (as <a href="/wiki/Union_Airways" title="Union Airways">Union Airways</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">Hubs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/O._R._Tambo_International_Airport" title="O. R. Tambo International Airport">O. R. Tambo International Airport</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Airline_hub#Primary_and_secondary_hubs" title="Airline hub">Secondary hubs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town_International_Airport" title="Cape Town International Airport">Cape Town International Airport</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Frequent-flyer_program" title="Frequent-flyer program">Frequent-flyer program</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Voyager</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Airline_alliance" title="Airline alliance">Alliance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Star_Alliance" title="Star Alliance">Star Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>Air Chefs</li><li>South African Airways Cargo</li><li>South African Airways Technical</li><li>Mango Airlines (formerly)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fleet size</th><td class="infobox-data">13</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Destinations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Airways_destinations" title="List of South African Airways destinations">15</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Holding_company#Parent_company" title="Holding company">Parent company</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Africa" title="Government of South Africa">Government of South Africa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">Airways Park, <a href="/wiki/O._R._Tambo_International_Airport" title="O. R. Tambo International Airport">O. R. Tambo International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key people</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Hanekom" title="Derek Hanekom">Derek Hanekom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">Chairman</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Hanekom-1">[1]</a></li><li>John Lamola (interim <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Lamola-2">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">Revenue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">R</a>5.7 billion (2022/23 <abbr title="Fiscal year">FY</abbr>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">R</a>277 million (2022/23 <abbr title="Fiscal year">FY</abbr>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Profit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">R</a>252 million (2022/23 <abbr title="Fiscal year">FY</abbr>)<a href="#cite_note-FY2018-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">R</a>5.5 billion (2022/23 <abbr title="Fiscal year">FY</abbr>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flysaa.com">www.flysaa.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> South African Airways (SAA) is the <a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">flag carrier</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Founded in 1934, the airline is headquartered in Airways Park at <a href="/wiki/O._R._Tambo_International_Airport" title="O. R. Tambo International Airport">O. R. Tambo International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> and operates a <a href="/wiki/Hub-and-spoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Hub-and-spoke">hub-and-spoke</a> network, serving 13 destinations in Africa and two intercontinental destinations to <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ch-aviation-5">[5]</a> The carrier joined <a href="/wiki/Star_Alliance" title="Star Alliance">Star Alliance</a> in April 2006, making it the first African carrier to sign with one of the three major airline alliances.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The airline entered voluntary business rescue in December 2019 as a result of financial difficulties,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> and suspended all operations the following year.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> In June 2021, the South African government announced that SAA would be partially privatised in a Strategic Equity Partnership (SEP) transaction with the Takatso Consortium, which would hold a 51% controlling stake and 49% remaining with the State. After almost three years of protracted negotiations, the government terminated the SEP with Takatso, reverting back to the status quo of a 100% state-owned SAA.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The <a href="/wiki/South_African_Civil_Aviation_Authority" title="South African Civil Aviation Authority">South African Civil Aviation Authority</a> confirmed on 4 August 2021 that SAA's <a href="/wiki/Air_operator%27s_certificate" title="Air operator's certificate">air operator's certificate</a> had been reissued with an approved fleet of eight aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-ch-aviation-5">[5]</a> The airline restarted operations on 23 September 2021,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> despite not having concluded the investment agreement with the proposed private partners.<a href="#cite_note-Takatso-11">[11]</a> Nonetheless, SAA was recognised as the second best airline in Africa by <a href="/wiki/Skytrax" title="Skytrax">Skytrax</a> in 2021,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> despite not having flown a single scheduled flight for 18 months. Since emerging from business rescue, SAA has grown steadily, with a fleet capacity of 12 aircraft, 15 destinations and 2000 employees.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> South African Airways was founded in 1934 after the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Union_Airways" title="Union Airways">Union Airways</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South African</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Africa" title="Government of South Africa">government</a>. The airline was initially overseen and controlled by <a href="/wiki/South_African_Railways_and_Harbours_Administration" title="South African Railways and Harbours Administration">South African Railways and Harbours Administration</a>. Anti-apartheid sanctions by African countries deprived the airline of stopover airports during <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_under_apartheid" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa under apartheid">apartheid</a>, forcing it to bypass the continent with long-<a href="/wiki/Range_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Range (aircraft)">range</a> aircraft. During this time, it was also known by its Afrikaans name, Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens (SAL, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> '"South African Air Service"'), which has since been dropped by the airline. In 1997 SAA changed its name, image and <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_livery" title="Aircraft livery">aircraft livery</a> and introduced online ticketing services. In 2006, SAA was split from <a href="/wiki/Transnet" title="Transnet">Transnet</a>, its <a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">parent company</a>, to operate as an independent airline. It remains one of the largest of <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_South_Africa" title="State-owned enterprises of South Africa">South Africa's state-owned enterprises</a>. SAA owned <a href="/wiki/Mango_(airline)" title="Mango (airline)">Mango</a>, a low-cost domestic airline, and established links with <a href="/wiki/Airlink" title="Airlink">Airlink</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_African_Express" title="South African Express">South African Express</a>. It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Star_Alliance" title="Star Alliance">Star Alliance</a>. In 1986, the South African Airways Museum Society opened its doors to the public at Jan Smuts International Airport (which was renamed <a href="/wiki/O._R._Tambo_International_Airport" title="O. R. Tambo International Airport">O. R. Tambo International Airport</a> in 2006).<a href="#cite_note-Introduction-14">[14]</a> The organisation was formed by South African Airways employees and outside parties with the mission of preserving South African aviation history, especially that of SAA itself.<a href="#cite_note-Introduction-14">[14]</a> Based at Transvaal Aviation Club, <a href="/wiki/Rand_Airport" title="Rand Airport">Rand Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germiston" title="Germiston">Germiston</a>, it was founded after the restoration of the CASA 352L. Since then, many aircraft have joined SAA Museum Society's collection relating to South African aviation.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation_and_early_years">Formation and early years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation and early years">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Junkers-f13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Junkers-f13.jpg/220px-Junkers-f13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Junkers-f13.jpg/330px-Junkers-f13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Junkers-f13.jpg/440px-Junkers-f13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption>SAA started operations with a number of acquired <a href="/wiki/Union_Airways" title="Union Airways">Union Airways</a> aircraft, including the <a href="/wiki/Junkers_F.13" class="mw-redirect" title="Junkers F.13">Junkers F.13</a>, similar to the one pictured.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ILA_20000007.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/ILA_20000007.JPG/220px-ILA_20000007.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/ILA_20000007.JPG/330px-ILA_20000007.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/ILA_20000007.JPG/440px-ILA_20000007.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1667" data-file-height="809" /></a><figcaption>The Douglas DC-4 Skymaster was introduced in May 1946, on which SAA's first <a href="/wiki/In-flight_entertainment" title="In-flight entertainment">in-flight films</a> were shown. This aircraft, registration ZS-AUB, is in Berlin (May 2000).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lockheed_L-749A_ZS-DBR_SAA_LAP_30.05.53_edited-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Lockheed_L-749A_ZS-DBR_SAA_LAP_30.05.53_edited-2.jpg/220px-Lockheed_L-749A_ZS-DBR_SAA_LAP_30.05.53_edited-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Lockheed_L-749A_ZS-DBR_SAA_LAP_30.05.53_edited-2.jpg/330px-Lockheed_L-749A_ZS-DBR_SAA_LAP_30.05.53_edited-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Lockheed_L-749A_ZS-DBR_SAA_LAP_30.05.53_edited-2.jpg/440px-Lockheed_L-749A_ZS-DBR_SAA_LAP_30.05.53_edited-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1069" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>SAA <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Constellation" title="Lockheed Constellation">Lockheed Constellation</a> arriving at <a href="/wiki/London_Heathrow_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Heathrow Airport">Heathrow</a> in 1953</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heathrow_Airport_in_1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A South African Airways Boeing 707 in former orange, blue and white livery in the background at London Heathrow Airport, parked next to a BOAC Vickers VC10." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Heathrow_Airport_in_1977.jpg/220px-Heathrow_Airport_in_1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Heathrow_Airport_in_1977.jpg/330px-Heathrow_Airport_in_1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Heathrow_Airport_in_1977.jpg/440px-Heathrow_Airport_in_1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1479" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>An SAA <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707</a> sits alongside a <a href="/wiki/BOAC" class="mw-redirect" title="BOAC">BOAC</a> <a href="/wiki/Vickers_VC10" title="Vickers VC10">Vickers VC10</a> at <a href="/wiki/London_Heathrow_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Heathrow Airport">London Heathrow Airport</a> (1977).</figcaption></figure> South African Airways was formed on 1 February 1934 following the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Union_Airways" title="Union Airways">Union Airways</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Africa" title="Government of South Africa">South African government</a>. Forty staff members, along with one <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.60_Moth" title="De Havilland DH.60 Moth">de Havilland DH.60 Gypsy Moth</a>, one <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Puss_Moth" title="De Havilland Puss Moth">de Havilland DH.80A Puss Moth</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Junkers_F.13" class="mw-redirect" title="Junkers F.13">Junkers F.13s</a> and a leased Junkers F13 and <a href="/wiki/Junkers_A50" class="mw-redirect" title="Junkers A50">Junkers A50</a> were among the acquired aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> Upon acquisition, the government changed the airline's name to South African Airways.<a href="#cite_note-SAA_History-17">[17]</a> It then came under control of the South African Railways and Harbours Administration (now <a href="/wiki/Transnet" title="Transnet">Transnet</a>).<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-SA_Goes_Ahead-19">[19]</a> Charter operations started that year.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> On 1 February the following year, the <a href="/wiki/Common_carrier" title="Common carrier">carrier</a> acquired Suidwes Lugdiens / South West Airways (now <a href="/wiki/Air_Namibia" title="Air Namibia">Air Namibia</a>),<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> which had since 1932 been providing a weekly air-mail service between <a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kimberley,_Northern_Cape" title="Kimberley, Northern Cape">Kimberley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SA_Goes_Ahead-19">[19]</a> During this time, SAA ordered three <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_52" title="Junkers Ju 52">Junkers Ju 52/3m</a> aircraft, which were delivered in October 1934 and entered service 10 days later.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> These aircraft were configured to carry 14 passengers, along with four crew. They enabled thrice-weekly Durban–<a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> services, with weekly services on the <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>–<a href="/wiki/East_London,_Eastern_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="East London, Eastern Cape">East London</a>–<a href="/wiki/Port_Elizabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Elizabeth">Port Elizabeth</a>–George/<a href="/wiki/Mossel_Bay" title="Mossel Bay">Mossel Bay</a>–<a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> route.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> On 1 July 1935, SAA moved its operations to Rand Airport as it became increasingly obvious that Johannesburg would become the country's aviation hub, which coincided with the launching of Rand–Durban–East London–Port Elizabeth–Cape Town services.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> From July the following year a weekly Rand–Kimberley–<a href="/wiki/Beaufort_West" title="Beaufort West">Beaufort West</a>–Cape Town service commenced; in April 1936, all Rand–Cape Town services were taken over from <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Airways" title="Imperial Airways">Imperial Airways</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> A fourth Ju 52/3m soon joined the fleet. Orders for a further ten Ju 52/3m aircraft, along with eighteen <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_86" title="Junkers Ju 86">Junkers Ju 86s</a> and seven <a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Envoy" title="Airspeed Envoy">Airspeed Envoys</a> (four for the airline and three for the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Air_Force" title="South African Air Force">South African Air Force</a>) were placed.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> This raised the number of Ju 52s to fourteen, although three older models were sold when deliveries of the newer Ju 52s began.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> The airline experienced a rapid expansion during this time, but also suffered its first accident; one of the newly delivered Ju 52s crashed after takeoff from Rand Airport in July 1937, with one reported fatality.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> From 1 February 1934 until the start of World War II, SAA carried 118,822 passengers, 3,278 tonnes of airmail and 248 tonnes of cargo, which were served by 418 employees.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> On 24 May 1940, all operations were suspended.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Following World War II, frequencies were increased and more routes were opened, which necessitated the conversion of three <a href="/wiki/South_African_Air_Force" title="South African Air Force">South African Air Force</a> Envoys to passenger layout.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> These aircraft would prove to be unsuitable for passenger and cargo services and were returned to the SAAF after the arrival of the Junkers Ju 86s. The main aircraft of SAA in the 1930s was the Junkers Ju 52. Other types used in the 1930s included eighteen Junkers Ju 86s, which served from 1937 onwards. The slow growth continued during the 1940s, though the airline was effectively closed for the duration of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. In 1944, SAA began operating 28 <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_18_Lodestar" title="Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar">Lockheed Lodestars</a> to restart domestic services and by 1948 SAA operating nineteen examples. These were withdrawn in 1955. On 10 November 1945, SAA achieved a longtime company goal by operating a route to Europe when an <a href="/wiki/Avro_York" title="Avro York">Avro York</a> landed in <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth" title="Bournemouth">Bournemouth</a>, England, after the long flight from <a href="/wiki/Palmietfontein_Airport" title="Palmietfontein Airport">Palmietfontein Airport</a> near Johannesburg. These were replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-4" title="Douglas DC-4">Douglas DC-4</a> from 1946 onwards, which in turn was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Constellation" title="Lockheed Constellation">Lockheed Constellation</a> on international routes in 1950. Also of note in the postwar era was the DC-3 Dakota, of which eight served with SAA, the last example being withdrawn as late as 1970.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth:_1946–1952">Growth: 1946–1952</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Growth: 1946–1952">edit</a>]</div> On 10 November 1945, the airline introduced its first intercontinental service, the 3-day Springbok Service, operated by the <a href="/wiki/Avro_York" title="Avro York">Avro York</a>, which was routed Palmietfontein–Nairobi–Khartoum–Cairo–Castel Benito–Hurn Bournemouth.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> A weekly service was initially flown, but this later increased to 6 times weekly due to high passenger demand. The <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-4" title="Douglas DC-4">Douglas DC-4</a> Skymaster debuted with SAA in May 1946 between Johannesburg and Cape Town, which coincided with the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">Douglas DC-3</a> on the Johannesburg–<a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a> route.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> From 1946, passengers and cargo carried increased, along with the size of SAA's fleet and staff. As the Skymasters arrived, out went the Avro Yorks, back to <a href="/wiki/BOAC" class="mw-redirect" title="BOAC">BOAC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Flight_attendant" title="Flight attendant">Air hostesses</a> were introduced in September 1946: at first on domestic routes, then on Springbok Services. The two <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dove" title="De Havilland Dove">de Havilland Doves</a> were introduced at the end of the year; these aircraft were utilised on internal services for a short time and were sold within a few years.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> The 28-seat <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Viking" title="Vickers Viking">Vickers Viking</a> served the airline briefly, before being sold to <a href="/wiki/British_European_Airways" title="British European Airways">British European Airways</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Palmietfontein_Airport" title="Palmietfontein Airport">Palmietfontein Airport</a> replaced <a href="/wiki/Rand_Airport" title="Rand Airport">Rand Airport</a> as SAA's hub in 1948. In June 1948, SAA began to show films on its Skymaster aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> SAA received four <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Constellation" title="Lockheed Constellation">Lockheed Constellations</a>, its first pressurised aircraft, in August 1950. They provided scheduled service to London's Heathrow airport. Initially, the route from Johannesburg was flown via Nairobi, Khartoum and Rome. The Constellation's higher speed and longer range enabled fewer stops and greatly reduced the flying time to London.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Jet_Age:_1953–1973">The Jet Age: 1953–1973</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Jet Age: 1953–1973">edit</a>]</div> The jet age arrived in South Africa on 3 May 1952 when a <a href="/wiki/BOAC" class="mw-redirect" title="BOAC">BOAC</a> <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Comet" title="De Havilland Comet">de Havilland Comet</a> arrived in Palmietfontein after a 24-hour journey from England with five refuelling stops en route. SAA chartered two Comets from the British airline on 4 October 1953, when Comet G-ANAV left London for Johannesburg.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> On the same day, Tourist Class was introduced on the 58-seat Lockheed Constellation used on the Springbok Service. The two chartered aircraft sported both BOAC and SAA titles and logos, but were operated by SAA crews. In 1956 Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens introduced the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-7" title="Douglas DC-7">Douglas DC-7</a>B, capable of long-<a href="/wiki/Range_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Range (aircraft)">range</a> operations and then probably the fastest <a href="/wiki/Piston-engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Piston-engine">piston-engine</a> airliner in the world. SAA exploited the aircraft's performance by introducing it between Johannesburg and London with only one fuelling stop at <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> This was known as the East Coast express, taking 21 hours to complete,<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> versus BOAC's inaugural Comet flight between the two cities of 24 hours. This later became the West Coast express when the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/technical_stop" class="extiw" title="wikt:technical stop">technical stop</a> at Khartoum was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Kano_(city)" title="Kano (city)">Kano</a>, Nigeria, resulting in a shortened flying of 18 hours.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The fortnightly <a href="/wiki/Wallaby_Route" title="Wallaby Route">Wallaby Route</a>,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> routed <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>–Mauritius–<a href="/wiki/Cocos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocos Islands">Cocos Islands</a>–<a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>, Australia, started in November 1957.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> After a host of accidents involving SAA's and other airlines' Comets, the airline ordered three <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707-320</a> Intercontinentals on 21 February 1958, with the first delivered on 1 July 1960.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Three months after arrival, on 1 October 1960, the Boeing 707 was deployed on the airline's flagship Springbok Service, trimming the flying time to London to 13 hours.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> Other changes brought about by the 707 were a livery change, to an orange tail with blue and white markings,<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> as well as improved comfort, range and speed. A 707 replaced the DC-7B on the Wallaby Route in 1967; Cocos Islands was dropped, while <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Airport" title="Sydney Airport">Sydney</a> became the terminus. Flights to New York, via <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, started on 23 February 1969 using a 707.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> The first 707 of SAA landed in Europe in October 1961 with a nine-hour flight to <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The jets arrived during a period when most African countries, except SA's neighbours, denied South African airlines the use of their <a href="/wiki/Airspace" title="Airspace">airspace</a>, necessitating long detours.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> In 1967 the Skymasters, Constellations and DC-7Bs were being retired, replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a> <a href="/wiki/Trijet" title="Trijet">trijet</a> the following year to complement the Boeing 707. The choice of 727 was based on the geography of the destinations to which it would fly; for example <a href="/wiki/OR_Tambo_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="OR Tambo International Airport">Johannesburg</a> is 1,694 metres (5,558 ft) <a href="/wiki/Hot_and_high" title="Hot and high">high and hot</a>, where the 727's wings and other technical capabilities enable it to operate out of such airports. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066032864">.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>table{background:none;margin:0}@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .thumbinner table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .thumbinner caption{display:table-caption}}</style><div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:200px;"> <table class="wikitable center"> <caption>Revenue passenger-kilometers, scheduled flights only (millions) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Traffic </th></tr> <tr> <td>1950 </td> <td>197 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955 </td> <td>331 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960 </td> <td>489 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965 </td> <td>1,144 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969 </td> <td>2,168 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971 </td> <td>3,070 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td>5,942 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td>8,843 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td>8,683 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>19,321 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="reflist" style="text-align:left">Source: ICAO Digest of Statistics for 1950–55, IATA World Air Transport Statistics 1960–2000</div> </div></div> On 13 March 1968, SAA ordered five <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747-200Bs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-747_O_D_Summ-29">[29]</a> The first, Lebombo (registered as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?regsearch=ZS-SAN&distinct_entry=true">ZS-SAN</a>), was delivered on 22 October 1971 after a 3-stop flight from <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-747_O_D_Summ-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> It was placed into service in December and proved very popular. SAA eventually operated 23 brand-new "Jumbo Jets", including the −200M (first delivered in 1980), −300 (1983), −400, and the long-range <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747SP" title="Boeing 747SP">Boeing 747SP</a>, first delivered on 18–19 March 1976, with a nonstop delivery flight of ZS-SPA from Everett, Washington, USA to Cape Town.<a href="#cite_note-747_O_D_Summ-29">[29]</a> The 747SP, especially, was acquired to overcome the refusal of many countries to allow SAA to use their airspace by exploiting its long-range capabilities, as well as to serve lower-density routes which were unsuited to the 747-200.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Six were delivered starting 19 March 1976.<a href="#cite_note-747_O_D_Summ-29">[29]</a> As above, to demonstrate the 747SP's performance, the first one was delivered from Seattle to Cape Town non-stop, an airliner distance record that stood until 1989.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> The first 747SP arrived in South Africa on 19 March 1976.<a href="#cite_note-747_O_D_Summ-29">[29]</a> As the 747 entered service, its smaller siblings, the 707s, were converted to combi (passenger/cargo) configurations and high-density seating.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> All of SAA's <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Viscount" title="Vickers Viscount">Vickers Viscounts</a> were sold by March 1972 after being replaced by <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737s</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion:_1974–1983">Expansion: 1974–1983</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Expansion: 1974–1983">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Suid-Afrikaanse_Lugdiens_(1971%E2%80%931997).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Logo_of_the_Suid-Afrikaanse_Lugdiens_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.png/220px-Logo_of_the_Suid-Afrikaanse_Lugdiens_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Logo_of_the_Suid-Afrikaanse_Lugdiens_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.png/330px-Logo_of_the_Suid-Afrikaanse_Lugdiens_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Logo_of_the_Suid-Afrikaanse_Lugdiens_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.png/440px-Logo_of_the_Suid-Afrikaanse_Lugdiens_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1127" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption>The SAA logo from 1971 to 1997</figcaption></figure> SAA opened a route to Asia, with <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707</a> flights to <a href="/wiki/Kai_Tak_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Kai Tak International Airport">Hong Kong</a> via an intermediate stop at the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Seychelles Islands">Seychelles Islands</a> in June 1974.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> In 1980, SAA began nonstop flights to <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai_Shek_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiang Kai Shek International Airport">Taipei</a> using a Boeing 747SP; <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> had earlier replaced the Seychelles for the Hong Kong service. South Africa became one of the few countries in the world to <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">recognize</a> the government of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_on_Taiwan" title="Republic of China on Taiwan">Republic of China on Taiwan</a>. Because some African countries denied SAA the use of their airspace, SAA bypassed the 'bulge' of Africa, usually via <a href="/wiki/Amilcar_Cabral_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Amilcar Cabral International Airport">Ilha do Sal</a> - a detour of almost 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi).<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Another bypass was via <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, which doubled the distance and flying time involved.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> European airlines were allowed to fly over Africa when flying to South Africa, usually via <a href="/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta_International_Airport" title="Jomo Kenyatta International Airport">Nairobi</a> and later nonstop. On 26 December 1980, the last South African Airways Boeing 707 service was operated between Paris and Johannesburg. Its touchdown ended the 20-year career of the 707. The quadjet was replaced by the world's first <a href="/wiki/Wide-body_aircraft" title="Wide-body aircraft">wide-body</a> twinjet, the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A300" title="Airbus A300">Airbus A300</a>, which had entered revenue service in 1976.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> The 727s were eliminated by 1983, replaced by the more economical <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> When countries withdrew landing rights for SAA, the airline leased its aircraft and crews to Canada, Mauritius, Brazil, Morocco and Luxembourg. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effect_of_apartheid:_1985–1990">Effect of apartheid: 1985–1990</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Effect of apartheid: 1985–1990">edit</a>]</div> Due to international opposition to <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> during the 1980s, SAA's offices were attacked. In Harare, Zimbabwe, its offices were badly damaged after protesters went on a rampage.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The US <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Anti-Apartheid_Act" title="Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act">Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act</a> of 1986 banned all flights by South African–owned carriers, including SAA. In 1987, SAA's services to Perth and Sydney in Australia were ended, in light of the Australian Government's opposition to apartheid.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In January 1992, the journal of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Aeronautical_Society" title="Royal Aeronautical Society">Royal Aeronautical Society</a> (RAeS) reported that the SAA had allegedly confirmed that its passenger jets had carried cargo for <a href="/wiki/Armscor_(South_Africa)" title="Armscor (South Africa)">Armscor</a>, a South African arms manufacturer, in an attempt to circumvent a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_418" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 418">UN arms embargo</a> placed on apartheid South Africa.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> On 28 November 1987, <a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_295" title="South African Airways Flight 295">South African Airways Flight 295</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747</a>-200 Combi en route from <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> to Johannesburg with a stopover in Mauritrius experienced a catastrophic in-flight fire in the cargo area, broke up in mid-air, and crashed into the Indian Ocean east of Mauritius, killing all 159 people on board.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Ignition of an <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_perchlorate" title="Ammonium perchlorate">ammonium perchlorate</a> cargo, a chemical used as a missile propellant, is theorized by forensic scientists to have caused the fire.<a href="#cite_note-:1-38">[38]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SAA_B747-444_ZS-SAW_(6354345825).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A Boeing 747-400 "ZS-SAW" painted in the pre–1997 orange, blue and white livery, and featuring the Afrikaans name of the airline SAL (Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/SAA_B747-444_ZS-SAW_%286354345825%29.jpg/220px-SAA_B747-444_ZS-SAW_%286354345825%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/SAA_B747-444_ZS-SAW_%286354345825%29.jpg/330px-SAA_B747-444_ZS-SAW_%286354345825%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/SAA_B747-444_ZS-SAW_%286354345825%29.jpg/440px-SAA_B747-444_ZS-SAW_%286354345825%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1433" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption>A Boeing 747-400 "ZS-SAW" painted in the pre–1997 orange, blue and white livery, and featuring the Afrikaans name of the airline SAL (Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens) (1998)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZS-SPC_Boeing_747-SP_South_African_Airways_(14912965198).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A Boeing 747SP, a shortened Boeing 747-100. The aircraft's engines feature prominently." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/ZS-SPC_Boeing_747-SP_South_African_Airways_%2814912965198%29.jpg/220px-ZS-SPC_Boeing_747-SP_South_African_Airways_%2814912965198%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/ZS-SPC_Boeing_747-SP_South_African_Airways_%2814912965198%29.jpg/330px-ZS-SPC_Boeing_747-SP_South_African_Airways_%2814912965198%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/ZS-SPC_Boeing_747-SP_South_African_Airways_%2814912965198%29.jpg/440px-ZS-SPC_Boeing_747-SP_South_African_Airways_%2814912965198%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747SP" title="Boeing 747SP">Boeing 747SP</a> (2001) (now on display at the South African Airways Museum at <a href="/wiki/Rand_Airport" title="Rand Airport">Rand Airport</a>)</figcaption></figure> With the demise of apartheid in 1990, SAA started services to former and new destinations in Africa and Asia.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> On 1 June 1990, South African companies signed a domestic air travel deregulation act. Flights to New York City's <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a> resumed in November 1991<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> and SAA's planes were able to fly for the first time over Egypt and Sudan, on 8 September.<a href="#cite_note-Springbok_springs_back-42">[42]</a> The airline launched flights to Milan on 1 June during the year, and services to Athens were re-introduced.<a href="#cite_note-Springbok_springs_back-42">[42]</a> Also, an interline with <a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a> was established. The first of SAA's eight <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-400" title="Boeing 747-400">Boeing 747-400s</a>, named Durban, arrived in South Africa on 19 January 1991.<a href="#cite_note-747_O_D_Summ-29">[29]</a> The airplane was unusual in that two different <a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a> engines were operated. Six <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB211" title="Rolls-Royce RB211">Rolls-Royce RB211-524H</a>-powered examples were ordered; the other two, part of an unfulfilled <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Airlines" title="Philippine Airlines">Philippine Airlines</a> order, had <a href="/wiki/General_Electric_CF6" title="General Electric CF6">General Electric CF6-80C2B5Fs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-747_O_D_Summ-29">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wingtip_device" title="Wingtip device">Winglets</a>, structural changes and <a href="/wiki/Fuel_efficiency" title="Fuel efficiency">fuel-efficient</a> engines enabled these aircraft to <a href="/wiki/Non-stop_flight" title="Non-stop flight">fly non-stop</a> from South Africa to the east coast of the United States. The arrival of Boeing's newest jumbo jet perhaps overshadowed the acquisition by SAA of the world's first commercial <a href="/wiki/Fly-by-wire" title="Fly-by-wire">fly-by-wire</a> airliner, the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320_family" title="Airbus A320 family">Airbus A320</a>, to assist and enhance services within the country and on regional services.<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeing_767" title="Boeing 767">Boeing 767s</a> arrived in August, 1993<a href="#cite_note-SAAMS-16">[16]</a> and flew on African, Southern European and Middle Eastern routes. They were retired within ten years. During 1992, SAA began flights to Miami with a Cape Town to <a href="/wiki/Miami_International_Airport" title="Miami International Airport">Miami International Airport</a> nonstop Boeing 747-400 route, and re-entered Australia, flying nonstop to Perth with a same-day return "shuttle" service to Sydney. This year also saw codesharing agreements with <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a><a href="#cite_note-SAA_PTY_LTD-43">[43]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_Tanzania" title="Air Tanzania">Air Tanzania</a>. There were nonstop flights to <a href="/wiki/Don_Muang_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Muang International Airport">Bangkok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Changi_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Singapore Changi Airport">Singapore</a>; the latter were discontinued by 1996. The airline Alliance, a partnership between SAA, <a href="/wiki/Uganda_Airlines_(1976%E2%80%932001)" title="Uganda Airlines (1976–2001)">Uganda Airlines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_Tanzania" title="Air Tanzania">Air Tanzania</a>, also began. SAA greeted its passengers in four different languages during domestic flights: English, <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Sotho</a>, while passengers on international flights were also greeted in the destination's language. On 24 April 1994, <a href="/wiki/South_African_Express" title="South African Express">South African Express</a> (SA Express), a feeder airline service of South African, began operating<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> after a 3-year preparation process begun in 1991, when the <a href="/wiki/Regional_airline" title="Regional airline">regional airline</a> was granted its operating license. SAA initially held a 20% stake in SA Express (Alliance Airline Holdings held 51%, SA Enterprises, 24.9% and Abyss Investments, 4.1%).<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> SA Express took over some of SAA's low-density domestic routes. In 1995, <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a> started a codesharing agreement with SAA, and SAA commissioned Diefenbach Elkins and Herdbuoys to lead its change of image.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> SAA's Voyager and <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a>' AAdvantage frequent flier clubs joined. As of April 1996, South African employed 11,100 people, of whom 3,100 were engineers.<a href="#cite_note-WAD_SAA-47">[47]</a> It owned and operated 48 aircraft,<a href="#cite_note-WAD_SAA-47">[47]</a> and served 34 destinations from its <a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">hubs</a> at Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rebranding:_1997–2005">Rebranding: 1997–2005</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rebranding: 1997–2005">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_Airways_B747-300_(ZS-SAJ)_at_Perth_Airport_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/South_African_Airways_B747-300_%28ZS-SAJ%29_at_Perth_Airport_%282%29.jpg/220px-South_African_Airways_B747-300_%28ZS-SAJ%29_at_Perth_Airport_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/South_African_Airways_B747-300_%28ZS-SAJ%29_at_Perth_Airport_%282%29.jpg/330px-South_African_Airways_B747-300_%28ZS-SAJ%29_at_Perth_Airport_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/South_African_Airways_B747-300_%28ZS-SAJ%29_at_Perth_Airport_%282%29.jpg/440px-South_African_Airways_B747-300_%28ZS-SAJ%29_at_Perth_Airport_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="797" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-300" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 747-300">Boeing 747-300</a> Ndizani at <a href="/wiki/Perth_Airport" title="Perth Airport">Perth Airport</a> (2003)</figcaption></figure> In 1997, SAA replaced the <a href="/wiki/Springbok_Antelope" class="mw-redirect" title="Springbok Antelope">Springbok</a> emblem and the old <a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">national colours</a> of orange, white and blue with a new livery based upon the new national flag, with a sun motif. The airline's name on its aircraft retained the <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> name Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens. As a symbol of the new rainbow nation following the release of <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>, one of SAA's 747-300s, named Ndizani (registration ZS-SAJ), was painted in bright colours.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> This special-liveried 747-300 transported South African athletes to the <a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The airline started online ticket sales and formed an alliance with <a href="/wiki/SA_Airlink" class="mw-redirect" title="SA Airlink">SA Airlink</a> and <a href="/wiki/SA_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="SA Express">SA Express</a>. In 1998, services to <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Airport" title="Copenhagen Airport">Copenhagen Airport</a> were stopped. A new airline president and CEO, Coleman Andrews, was appointed. The arrival of the American saw a comprehensive and controversial overhaul of the airline, changing the management of SAA. Mr Andrews was hired by Transnet, the state-owned <a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">parent company</a>, to remedy the problem of dwindling passengers, which Transnet's market research had revealed was caused by "failure to fly on time, unfriendly and minimally-trained staff, poor food and SAA fares being 12–25% above its competitors".<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> He was credited with rescuing <a href="/wiki/World_Airways" title="World Airways">World Airways</a> from the brink of bankruptcy earlier in the decade.<a href="#cite_note-SAA_PTY_LTD-43">[43]</a> During his first 18 months as CEO, South African Airways' market value increased fivefold.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In June 1999, Transnet entered into a sale agreement with Swissair in which Transnet sold 20% of its shareholding in SAA to Swissair for R1.4 billion and also included an option to sell and transfer a further 10% to Swissair, thereby increasing its stake to 30%.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In 2002, the South African government repurchased the shares.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Swissair's costly purchases of SAA's and many other large international airlines' shares led directly to its own shocking bankruptcy filing, on 1 April 2002. In 2000, SAA ordered 21 <a href="/wiki/737-800" class="mw-redirect" title="737-800">Boeing 737-800s</a>, reportedly worth US$680 million.<a href="#cite_note-2002_Order-54">[54]</a> Five <a href="/wiki/CFM_International_CFM56" title="CFM International CFM56">CFM 56-7B27</a>-powered examples were requested outright from <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>, the rest from other parties.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The 737s were to be deployed on short-haul routes, replacing Airbus A300s and A320s.<a href="#cite_note-Boeing_737_order-56">[56]</a> The 737 order was followed by an Airbus order in 2002. Under CEO Andre Viljoen, South African Airways requested <a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a> to overhaul its fleet at a cost of US$3.5 billion in March 2002, taking advantage of a slump in the order books of both Boeing and Airbus.<a href="#cite_note-2002_Order-54">[54]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Airline_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Airline industry">airline industry</a> was still staggering after the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> in the US, which led to new aircraft orders either being deferred, or cancelled altogether. SAA was in a buyers' market and the demise of <a href="/wiki/Swissair" title="Swissair">Swissair</a>, which had A340-600s about to be delivered, effected Airbus clinching the SAA deal. This was part of a bigger order that covered 11 A319s, 15 A320s, nine A340-600s and six A340-300s.<a href="#cite_note-2002_Order-54">[54]</a> Three of the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A340" title="Airbus A340">A340-600</a> aircraft came from <a href="/wiki/International_Lease_Finance_Corporation" title="International Lease Finance Corporation">International Lease Finance Corporation</a> (ILFC). The new <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A319" title="Airbus A319">Airbus A319s</a> replaced the aging <a href="/wiki/737-200" class="mw-redirect" title="737-200">Boeing 737-200</a> fleet, but the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_Next_Generation" title="Boeing 737 Next Generation">Boeing 737-800s</a> continued in service because SAA cancelled its A320 order before any aircraft were delivered.<a href="#cite_note-2002_Order-54">[54]</a> Later that year, South African Airways made a successful bid for a 49% stake in <a href="/wiki/Air_Tanzania" title="Air Tanzania">Air Tanzania</a>. The move highlighted SAA's wish to gain a foothold in eastern Africa. The bid was worth $20 million, and was SAA's first acquisition of a foreign airline.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The merger failed in 2006, when new SAA management felt that the arrangement was fruitless.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SAA_BusinessClass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/SAA_BusinessClass.jpg/220px-SAA_BusinessClass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/SAA_BusinessClass.jpg/330px-SAA_BusinessClass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/SAA_BusinessClass.jpg/440px-SAA_BusinessClass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>"New" Business Class seat on display in 2006</figcaption></figure> On 1 February 2000, South African Airways and <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> started to codeshare on SAA-operated nonstop Boeing 747-400 flights from Atlanta to Johannesburg,<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> with return flights operated via Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, Florida due to range limitations caused by the 5,557-foot altitude at Johannesburg OR Tambo International Airport. In 2001, South African Airways won the Best Cargo Airline to Africa award from Air Cargo News – (even though South African is mainly a passenger airline) – and South African Airways signed a codesharing agreement with <a href="/wiki/Nigeria_Airways" title="Nigeria Airways">Nigeria Airways</a> to provide service from the United States to <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a> using South African Airways 747s (this codeshare agreement is no longer in effect, and SAA's flights to/from the United States no longer stop in Nigeria). The airline earned a spot on the <a href="/wiki/Zagat_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Zagat Survey">Zagat Survey</a>'s top-ten international airlines list, opened a new website and named Andre Viljoen as chief executive officer (CEO). In March 2004, South African Airways announced its application to join <a href="/wiki/Star_Alliance" title="Star Alliance">Star Alliance</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Airline_alliance" title="Airline alliance">airline alliance</a> accepted its application in June, with SAA joining as a full member in April 2006. In July 2004, Andre Viljoen resigned as CEO of SAA. In August 2004, Khaya Ngqula was appointed as CEO of SAA. A new chairman, Professor <a href="/wiki/Jakes_Gerwel" title="Jakes Gerwel">Jakes Gerwel</a>, was appointed in the same month. In 2005, SAA became the first non-Saudi airline to fly a direct <a href="/wiki/Hadj" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadj">Hadj</a> service to <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> in Saudi Arabia. In July 2005, SAA started a four times weekly <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>-Washington, D.C. service with a Boeing 747-400. Service was increased to daily flights in July 2006, and the 747-400 was replaced by an Airbus A340-600. Because SAA could not obtain rights to fly passengers between <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> and the US, <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a> replaced Accra as the intermediate stop. In 2010, SAA retired the last of its 747-400 fleet. On 6 June 2006, the codeshare agreement between South African Airways and <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> was terminated because of the airlines' memberships in rival alliances (<a href="/wiki/Star_Alliance" title="Star Alliance">Star Alliance</a> and <a href="/wiki/SkyTeam" title="SkyTeam">SkyTeam</a> respectively). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restructuring_and_Star_Alliance:_2006–2011">Restructuring and Star Alliance: 2006–2011</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Restructuring and Star Alliance: 2006–2011">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/South_African_Logo.svg/220px-South_African_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/South_African_Logo.svg/330px-South_African_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/South_African_Logo.svg/440px-South_African_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption>South African Airways logo used until 2019</figcaption></figure> The South African government's plans called for the separation of South African Airways and its parent company Transnet. The deadline was moved from 2005 to 31 March 2006.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South.african.b747-400.zs-sax.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/South.african.b747-400.zs-sax.arp.jpg/220px-South.african.b747-400.zs-sax.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/South.african.b747-400.zs-sax.arp.jpg/330px-South.african.b747-400.zs-sax.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/South.african.b747-400.zs-sax.arp.jpg/440px-South.african.b747-400.zs-sax.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1927" data-file-height="1252" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-400" title="Boeing 747-400">Boeing 747-400</a> (ZS-SAX) at <a href="/wiki/London_Heathrow_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Heathrow Airport">London Heathrow Airport</a> in the old colour scheme. This type of aircraft was permanently retired in 2010.</figcaption></figure> SAA joined <a href="/wiki/Star_Alliance" title="Star Alliance">Star Alliance</a> on 10 April 2006,<a href="#cite_note-SA_Welcomes_SAA-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> becoming the first African airline to join Star Alliance.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> To celebrate the occasion, and as a condition of entry, one Airbus A340-600 (registration ZS-SNC) and one Boeing 737-800 (registration ZS-SJV) were repainted in Star Alliance livery.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> South African Airways fulfilled 53 requirements during the accession process.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> In May 2007, SAA launched an 18-month comprehensive restructuring programme<a href="#cite_note-Restructuring_plan-68">[68]</a> which aimed to make the airline profitable. According to then-CEO Khaya Ngqula, this came largely after "uncompetitive ownership and aircraft lease costs, excessive head count and fuel price volatility". The programme involved: the spin-off of businesses into seven subsidiaries,<a href="#cite_note-Restructuring_plan-68">[68]</a> thereby allowing SAA to concentrate on its core business of passenger and cargo transport; grounding SAA's Boeing 747-400 fleet;<a href="#cite_note-Restructuring_plan-68">[68]</a> rationalising international routes (Paris was dropped altogether); the axing of 30% of the airline's managers;<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> among other reductions. This was expected to save the airline R2.7 billion (US$378.2 million).<a href="#cite_note-Restructuring_plan-68">[68]</a> By June 2009, R2.5 billion had been saved.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Two retired 747-400s were reactivated in 2008 for flights to <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a>, and by 2010 <a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a> as well.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> On 20 June 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Tennis_Professionals" title="Association of Tennis Professionals">Association of Tennis Professionals</a> (ATP) agreed to extend South African Airways' <a href="/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)" title="Sponsor (commercial)">sponsorship</a> of the organisation another 3 and a half years. This extension succeeded two years of co-operation that "have seen a successful partnership blossom between SAA and the ATP".<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The deal was worth $20 million, and ran until the end of 2012. On the same day it was announced that a new ATP World Tour tournament would be held in South Africa in 2009. In 2010, the company sought to recover $4 million from then-CEO Khaya Ngqula, for allegedly spending the money on his friends and awarding business deals with organisations and individuals in which he had an interest. Among them are <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Tennis_Professionals" title="Association of Tennis Professionals">ATP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Professional_golfer" title="Professional golfer">professional golfer</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Cabrera" title="Ángel Cabrera">Ángel Cabrera</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> In February 2010, the airline appointed Siza Mzimela as its first female CEO. She replaced Khaya Ngqula,<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> who was accused of mismanagement and therefore quit. Mzimela was previously CEO of SAA's domestic partner airline, <a href="/wiki/South_African_Express" title="South African Express">South African Express</a> (SA Express). On 1 April 2010 she took over the position from Chris Smyth,<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> the acting CEO since Khaya Ngqula left in March 2009.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> At the end of 2010, SAA permanently retired the two Boeing 747-400s which were temporarily re-introduced in late 2008.<a href="#cite_note-747_phase_out-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> This was expected to save it $60 million during the fiscal year ending March 2009. SAA leased two second hand <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A340-300" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A340-300">Airbus A340-300s</a> from Airbus Financial Services (AFS) to replace the 747s.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_difficulties_and_bankruptcy:_2012–2020">Financial difficulties and bankruptcy: 2012–2020</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Financial difficulties and bankruptcy: 2012–2020">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_Airways_Airbus_A340_ZS-SXA_Perth_2019_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/South_African_Airways_Airbus_A340_ZS-SXA_Perth_2019_%2801%29.jpg/220px-South_African_Airways_Airbus_A340_ZS-SXA_Perth_2019_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/South_African_Airways_Airbus_A340_ZS-SXA_Perth_2019_%2801%29.jpg/330px-South_African_Airways_Airbus_A340_ZS-SXA_Perth_2019_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/South_African_Airways_Airbus_A340_ZS-SXA_Perth_2019_%2801%29.jpg/440px-South_African_Airways_Airbus_A340_ZS-SXA_Perth_2019_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4720" data-file-height="2657" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A340#A340-300" title="Airbus A340">Airbus A340-300</a> approaching <a href="/wiki/Perth_Airport" title="Perth Airport">Perth Airport</a> (2019)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_Airways_Airbus_A350-941_ZS-SDF_arriving_at_JFK_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/South_African_Airways_Airbus_A350-941_ZS-SDF_arriving_at_JFK_Airport.jpg/220px-South_African_Airways_Airbus_A350-941_ZS-SDF_arriving_at_JFK_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/South_African_Airways_Airbus_A350-941_ZS-SDF_arriving_at_JFK_Airport.jpg/330px-South_African_Airways_Airbus_A350-941_ZS-SDF_arriving_at_JFK_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/South_African_Airways_Airbus_A350-941_ZS-SDF_arriving_at_JFK_Airport.jpg/440px-South_African_Airways_Airbus_A350-941_ZS-SDF_arriving_at_JFK_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A since phased-out <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A350-900" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A350-900">Airbus A350-900</a> in the current colour scheme arriving in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> (2020)</figcaption></figure> On 24 February 2012 SAA's new <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320-200" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A320-200">Airbus A320-200</a>, registration ZS-SZZ, made its first revenue flight between Johannesburg and Durban. There were twelve A320s in the fleet as of December 2016. On 16 August 2012, SAA ended its Cape Town-London route after 20 years, due to declining passenger numbers and increasing airport taxes. SAA began flights to Beijing, China on 31 January 2012.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Buenos Aires flights ended in 2013 and, in January 2015, SAA announced plans to end its non-stop services to <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Capital_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Capital Airport">Beijing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai Airport">Mumbai</a>. Services to China were replaced by Star Alliance partner <a href="/wiki/Air_China" title="Air China">Air China</a> with a flight to Beijing.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> In June 2015, the acting CEO stated that <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a> were the only profitable long-haul routes; all others were loss-making.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In September 2017, SAA began reducing its fleet and expected to cut 23% of its flights.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Standard Chartered Bank was the first bank in June 2017 to call in its SAA loan. The South African government provided R2.2 billion to settle the debt.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Citibank was the second bank to refuse extending the loan facility. Together with some others, another R7.7 billion became payable at the end of September 2017. The South African treasury asked the Public Investment Corporation, which controls government pension funds, for R100 billion to help bail out state-owned enterprises, including SAA.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> On 5 December 2019, the government of South Africa announced that SAA would enter into bankruptcy protection, as the airline had not turned a profit since 2011 and had run out of money.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> In January 2020, South African Airways announced that it would suspend several routes, e.g. to <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> in order to reduce its financial struggle.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> In February 2020, the airline introduced its first of four newly leased <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A350-900" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A350-900">Airbus A350-900s</a> in an attempt to modernize its loss-making long-haul fleet.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> On 5 December 2019, SAA was placed under business rescue. Les Matuson and Siviwe Dongwana were appointed as the Business Rescue Practitioners of SAA in December 2019.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> A business recovery plan was expected by the end of February 2020, extended, then postponed. A final plan is yet to be presented.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In February 2020, ex-Secretary General of the ANC, Ace Magashule, stated that should the Business Rescue Practitioners take decisions not to the ANC's liking, it would intervene. Economist Jacques Jonker, then at the Free Market Foundation, criticised Magashule, pointing out that the Business Rescue Practitioners are officers of the court in terms of the Companies Act of 2008, and that it would be illegal for the ANC to intervene in the business rescue process.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> When Minister of Public Enterprises Pravin Gordhan later tried to justify the notion that the business rescue practitioners are accountable to him and not to the courts, Jonker pointed out that such a state of affairs would be unconstitutional.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In April 2020, following a request for further emergency financing due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the South African government announced that it would stop funding the airline with immediate effect.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The airline then announced plans to lay off all remaining staff by the end of the month, sparking fears that SAA was on the brink of <a href="/wiki/Liquidation" title="Liquidation">liquidation</a>. As of 1 May 2020, all SAA staff members were on unpaid leave of absence, including those who are reporting for duty, with no pay for the 4,708 remaining workforce.<a href="#cite_note-iol.co.za-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-97">[97]</a> Unaudited financial statements presented in a draft report show SAA made losses of almost R16 billion in the previous three years.<a href="#cite_note-iol.co.za-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-97">[97]</a> SAA received R50 billion of government assistance between 2004 and 2020.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> On 2 May 2020, the government of South Africa announced that South African Airways would be ceasing operations after 86 years of service, and that a new flagship carrier would be created for South Africa out of the ashes of the former airline.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The liquidation process was set to begin on 8 May; however, a legal battle between the liquidators and the workforce delayed the proceedings indefinitely.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In July, the creditors voted to accept the restructuring plan, allowing the airline to avoid liquidation. A full domestic network was to be reinstated by December 2020.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> On 21 August 2020, The Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) appointed <a href="/wiki/First_Rand" class="mw-redirect" title="First Rand">Rand Merchant Bank</a> to help with negotiations with private entities interested in buying into the country's insolvent national carrier, which needed at least R10 billion to resume operations.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> On 30 September the airline announced that it was suspending all operations until critical funding could be agreed.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> In September 2020, SAA suspended all flight operations as the Business Rescue Practitioners placed the airline under "care and maintenance" until further funding could be sourced.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In October 2020, the South African government said it was looking for partners in its efforts to bail out the airline. On 28 October 2020, the South African government bailed SAA out with R10.5 billion in order to implement the turnaround strategy.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> During 2020, the airline returned 4 Airbus A319s, all of its 10 A320s, all of its 6 A330-200s, 4 A330-300s, 3 A340-300s, 3 A340-600s, and all 4 new A350-900s to their respective lessors.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Both Boeing 737 Freighters also left the fleet in early 2020, ending a long history of dedicated freighter operations at the airline.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] As of February 2021, the South African government was in talks with three potential investors to revive the airline and resume operations, with a massively-reduced workforce.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> The South African treasury reported that the airline had incurred a total loss of R32 billion (US$2.1 billion) between 2008 and 2020.<a href="#cite_note-:0-108">[108]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mail_%26_Guardian" title="Mail & Guardian">Mail and Guardian</a> estimated that the airline had received a total of R60 billion (US$4 billion) in government guarantees.<a href="#cite_note-:0-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relaunch:_2021–present">Relaunch: 2021–present</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Relaunch: 2021–present">edit</a>]</div> In June 2021, the South African government relinquished its controlling stake in the airline. After extensive talks with potential investors, they selected the Takatso Consortium. The consortium was to own 51% of the airline, while the government maintains a 49% stake.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> The consortium involves Harith General Partners and <a href="/wiki/Global_Aviation" title="Global Aviation">Global Airways</a>. Harith General Partners is chaired by South Africa's former deputy finance minister, Jabulani Moleketi. In the address in which he announced the takeover, <a href="/wiki/Pravin_Gordhan" title="Pravin Gordhan">Pravin Gordhan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Enterprises" title="Minister of Public Enterprises">Minister of Public Enterprises</a>, revealed that SAA would receive a R3 billion boost in investment from the new partners.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In an interview on 26 November 2021, Gordhan reiterated that the South African government still expects to complete the transaction with the Takatso Consortium in early 2022, despite the ongoing <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In October 2022, SAA expanded its fleet with the addition of 2 Airbus A320-200 and added new routes from <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> to <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Falls,_Zimbabwe" title="Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe">Victoria Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>. On 31 October 2023, SAA resumed services to <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo/Guarulhos_International_Airport" title="São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport">São Paulo</a> in Brazil,<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> the first intercontinental route to be flown by the airline since the start of the pandemic. SAA also resumed flights to <a href="/wiki/Perth_Airport" title="Perth Airport">Perth</a>, Australia in April 2024.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Corporate affairs">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Head_office">Head office</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Head office">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SAA-Airways_Park-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/SAA-Airways_Park-002.jpg/220px-SAA-Airways_Park-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/SAA-Airways_Park-002.jpg/330px-SAA-Airways_Park-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/SAA-Airways_Park-002.jpg/440px-SAA-Airways_Park-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Airways Park, the head office of South African Airways</figcaption></figure> South African Airways is headquartered in Airways Park on the grounds of <a href="/wiki/O._R._Tambo_International_Airport" title="O. R. Tambo International Airport">O. R. Tambo International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kempton_Park,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Kempton Park, Gauteng">Kempton Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekurhuleni_Metropolitan_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality">Ekurhuleni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The building was developed by Stauch Vorster Architects.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Completed in March 1997 for <a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">R</a>70 million, the 27,000-square-metre (290,000 sq ft) current head-office building links to three older buildings.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> South African Airways moved its head office from <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rand_Airport" title="Rand Airport">Rand Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germiston" title="Germiston">Germiston</a> on 1 July 1935.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Before the head office moved to its current location, the airline's head office was in the Airways Towers in Johannesburg.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_trends">Business trends</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Business trends">edit</a>]</div> The business trends shown below are for the South African Airways group (including SAA, <a href="/wiki/Mango_(airline)" title="Mango (airline)">Mango</a>, SAA Technical and Air Chefs), based mainly on the published annual reports; there are gaps and some inconsistencies, largely because the reports vary year by year in the information given and because figures are frequently restated in subsequent years. No figures appear to have been made public since SAA went into bankruptcy protection in December 2019. The available trends are (for years ending 31 March): <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th> </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2008 </th> <th>2009 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2016 </th> <th>2017 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Turnover (<a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">R</a> billion) </td> <td align="center">19.4 </td> <td align="center">20.6 </td> <td align="center">22.2 </td> <td align="center">26.3 </td> <td align="center">22.2 </td> <td align="center">22.6 </td> <td align="center">23.9 </td> <td align="center">27.1 </td> <td align="center">30.3 </td> <td align="center">30.1 </td> <td align="center">30.4 </td> <th align="center">30.7 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating profit">Operating profit</a> (R million) </td> <td align="center">414 </td> <td align="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>−610 </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">−973 </td> <td align="center">334 </td> <td align="center">487 </td> <td align="center">807 </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">−1,300 </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">−991 </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">−2,307 </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">−5,163 </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">−538 </td> <th align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">−2,760 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Retained_earnings" title="Retained earnings">Retained earnings</a> (R million) </td> <td align="center">301 </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="center">779 </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="center">681 </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">−935 </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">−1,204 </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">−2,590 </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">−5,619 </td> <td align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">−1,492 </td> <th align="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">−5,431 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Number of employees </td> <td align="center">11,524 </td> <td align="center">10,048 </td> <td align="center">8,227 </td> <td align="center">7,989 </td> <td align="center">8,034 </td> <td align="center">10,057 </td> <td align="center">11,044 </td> <td align="center">11,462 </td> <td align="center">11,491 </td> <td align="center">11,476 </td> <td align="center">10,706 </td> <th align="center">10,071 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Revenue_passenger_mile" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenue passenger mile">Revenue passenger mile</a> (R million) </td> <td align="center">24,488 </td> <td align="center">25,920 </td> <td align="center">26,131 </td> <td align="center">23,328 </td> <td align="center">22,413 </td> <td align="center">22,661 </td> <td align="center">23,217 </td> <td align="center">24,880 </td> <td align="center">25,606 </td> <td align="center">24,523 </td> <td align="center">24,234 </td> <th align="center">23,740 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> - SAA </td> <td align="center">24,488 </td> <td align="center">25,381 </td> <td align="center">24,619 </td> <td align="center">21,935 </td> <td align="center">21,081 </td> <td align="center">21,181 </td> <td align="center">21,509 </td> <td align="center">22,901 </td> <td align="center">23,124 </td> <td align="center">21,814 </td> <td align="center">21,079 </td> <th align="center">20,678 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> - Mango </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">539 </td> <td align="center">1,512 </td> <td align="center">1,393 </td> <td align="center">1,332 </td> <td align="center">1,480 </td> <td align="center">1,708 </td> <td align="center">1,979 </td> <td align="center">2,482 </td> <td align="center">2,709 </td> <td align="center">3,155 </td> <th align="center">3,062 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Number of passengers (million) </td> <td align="center">7.2 </td> <td align="center">8.3 </td> <td align="center">8.9 </td> <td align="center">8.2 </td> <td align="center">8.0 </td> <td align="center">8.0 </td> <td align="center">8.1 </td> <td align="center">8.8 </td> <td align="center">9.3 </td> <td align="center">9.2 </td> <td align="center">9.9 </td> <th align="center">9.7 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> - SAA </td> <td align="center">7.2 </td> <td align="center">7.7 </td> <td align="center">7.4 </td> <td align="center">6.9 </td> <td align="center">6.7 </td> <td align="center">6.6 </td> <td align="center">6.5 </td> <td align="center">7.0 </td> <td align="center">7.1 </td> <td align="center">6.7 </td> <td align="center">6.9 </td> <th align="center">6.8 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> - Mango </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="center">1.5 </td> <td align="center">1.3 </td> <td align="center">1.3 </td> <td align="center">1.4 </td> <td align="center">1.8 </td> <td align="center">2.2 </td> <td align="center">2.5 </td> <td align="center">3.0 </td> <th align="center">2.9 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Passenger_load_factor" title="Passenger load factor">Passenger load factor</a> (%) </td> <td align="center">70 </td> <td align="center">75 </td> <td align="center">76 </td> <td align="center">74 </td> <td align="center">71 </td> <td align="center">70 </td> <td align="center">72 </td> <td align="center">74 </td> <td align="center">75 </td> <td align="center">73 </td> <td align="center">75 </td> <th align="center">75 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Cargo carried (000s <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>) </td> <td align="center">185 </td> <td align="center">202 </td> <td align="center">186 </td> <td align="center">138 </td> <td align="center">119 </td> <td align="center">129 </td> <td align="center">142 </td> <td align="center">133 </td> <td align="center">132 </td> <td align="center">131 </td> <td align="center">114 </td> <th align="center">111 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Number of aircraft </td> <td align="center">75 </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="center">66 </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="center">61 </td> <td align="center">59 </td> <td align="center">55 </td> <td align="center">45 </td> <td align="center">55 </td> <td align="center">53 </td> <th align="center">64 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Notes and sources </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-ANN_REP_06-120">[120]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Report2013-128">[128]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Report2014-129">[129]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Report2015-130">[130]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Report2016-131">[131]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emblems">Emblems</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Emblems">edit</a>]</div> South African Airways' "Flying <a href="/wiki/Springbok" title="Springbok">Springbok</a>" logo was the symbol of the carrier from its formation in 1934 to 1997. The logo was discontinued in 1997 in favour of a new <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_livery" title="Aircraft livery">aircraft livery</a>, but the word "Springbok" remains the airline's radio callsign. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 110px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 108px;"><a href="/wiki/File:SAA%27s_Flying_Springbok_Emblem_1934.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1934-1948"><img alt="1934-1948" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/SAA%27s_Flying_Springbok_Emblem_1934.jpg/162px-SAA%27s_Flying_Springbok_Emblem_1934.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/57/SAA%27s_Flying_Springbok_Emblem_1934.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="156" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">1934-1948</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:SAA%27s_Flying_Springbok_Emblem_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1948-1971"><img alt="1948-1971" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/54/SAA%27s_Flying_Springbok_Emblem_1948.jpg/180px-SAA%27s_Flying_Springbok_Emblem_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/54/SAA%27s_Flying_Springbok_Emblem_1948.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="140" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">1948-1971</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 121.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 119.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:SAA%27s_Flying_Springbok_Emblem_1971.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1971-1997"><img alt="1971-1997" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/SAA%27s_Flying_Springbok_Emblem_1971.jpg/179px-SAA%27s_Flying_Springbok_Emblem_1971.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/SAA%27s_Flying_Springbok_Emblem_1971.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="141" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">1971-1997</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-competitive_practices">Anti-competitive practices</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Anti-competitive practices">edit</a>]</div> On 5 June 2007, it was announced that SAA paid <a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">R</a>55 million to the Competition Commission of South Africa because of anti-competitive behaviour such as <a href="/wiki/Price_fixing" title="Price fixing">price fixing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> This fine was in addition to a R45 million fine paid by SAA on 31 May 2006 as a penalty for SAA's attempts to prevent travel agents from dealing with rival air carriers.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> "Kulula has once again called on government to call it a day and keep its promise...that South African taxpayers will stop filling the begging bowl for ailing state-owned businesses". Many other companies like <a href="/wiki/Flitestar" title="Flitestar">Flitestar</a>, SunAir and <a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Airlines_(South_Africa)" title="Nationwide Airlines (South Africa)">Nationwide</a> had failed because they could not compete with state-funded SAA. "State re-nationalisation of the industry will continue to be destructive to free and fair competition". The company said it was "bizarre" that the proceeds of its <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a>, fuel taxes, VAT, <a href="/wiki/Import_duties" class="mw-redirect" title="Import duties">import duties</a> and other government levies then were paid over to a state-owned competitor.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Racism_controversy">Racism controversy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Racism controversy">edit</a>]</div> SAA has been accused of racism for rejecting white cadet pilots on the grounds of race, who met the educational and physical criteria. By filling out several dummy applications, journalists from the newspaper <a href="/wiki/Beeld" title="Beeld">Beeld</a> established that the online form had been programmed to reject any white applicants.<a href="#cite_note-fin1-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The South African <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade union</a> <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(South_African_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (South African trade union)">Solidarity</a> instituted legal action against SAA, resulting in the policy being revoked.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> "SAA's normal recruitment process allows for the employment of white male pilots as and when vacancies exist; particularly when no candidate is available from a previously-disadvantaged background. Like all other South African companies, the airline is also required to meet statutory transformation targets. This means that, in recruiting, the airline has to ensure that the demographics of its employees match closely those of the country as a whole. This is in line with the employment equity definition which includes white females."<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corruption_controversy">Corruption controversy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Corruption controversy">edit</a>]</div> During the administration of <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a> the SAA board was implicated in a number of corruption-related controversies.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Most notable were allegations of corrupt or irregular activities by then SAA Non-Executive Director and Zuma appointee <a href="/wiki/Dudu_Myeni#South_African_Airways" title="Dudu Myeni">Dudu Myeni</a>, which were widely blamed for placing SAA in serious financial difficulty.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_Industrial_strike_action">2019 Industrial strike action</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2019 Industrial strike action">edit</a>]</div> South African Airways was hit by strike action by unions starting 15 November 2019 with an agreement in principle being reached on 22 November 2019. The strike action reportedly cost the airline R50 million per day.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chief_executive_officers_(CEO)_through_the_years">Chief executive officers (CEO) through the years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Chief executive officers (CEO) through the years">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Term started </th> <th>Term ended </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td>1977 </td> <td>Salomon Pienaar </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CEO-150">[150]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977 </td> <td>1982 </td> <td>Eddie Smuts </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CEO-150">[150]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982 </td> <td>1983 </td> <td>Frans Swarts </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CEO-150">[150]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983 </td> <td>1993 </td> <td>Gerrit van der Veer </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CEO-150">[150]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>Michael Myburgh </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CEO-150">[150]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>Coleman Andrews </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>Andre Viljoen </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td>2009 </td> <td>Khaya Ngqula </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td>2010 </td> <td>Chris Smythe </td> <td>(acting)<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siza_Mzimela" title="Siza Mzimela">Siza Mzimela</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>Vuyisile Kona </td> <td>(Chairman / acting CEO)<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>Nico Bezuidenhout </td> <td>(acting)<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>2014 </td> <td>Monwabisi Kalawe </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>2015 </td> <td>Nico Bezuidenhout </td> <td>(acting)<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>2015 </td> <td>Thuli Mpeshe </td> <td>(acting)<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>2017 </td> <td>Musi Zwane </td> <td>(acting)<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>Vuyani Jarana </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>2020 </td> <td>Zukisa Ramasia </td> <td>(acting)<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>2020 </td> <td>Philip Saunders </td> <td>(interim)<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kgokolo" title="Thomas Kgokolo">Thomas Kgokolo</a> </td> <td>(interim)<a href="#cite_note-Kgokolo-167">[167]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td>John Lamola </td> <td>(interim)<a href="#cite_note-Lamola-2">[2]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delinquent_director_judgement_-_Dudu_Myeni">Delinquent director judgement - Dudu Myeni</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Delinquent director judgement - Dudu Myeni">edit</a>]</div> In March 2017, <a href="/wiki/Organisation_Undoing_Tax_Abuse" title="Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse">Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse</a> and the South African Airways Pilots' Association (SAAPA) brought an application in the Pretoria High Court for an order to declare Dudu Myeni a <a href="/wiki/Delinquent_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Delinquent Director">delinquent director</a> in terms of section 162(5) of the South African Companies Act 71 of 2008. The application was based on Myeni's conduct whilst chair of the SAA board. During those five years (2012–2013 to 2016–2017), SAA ran up losses of R16.844bn‚ although it had previously been profitable.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/Organisation_Undoing_Tax_Abuse" title="Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse">Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse</a> and the South African Airways Pilots' Association (SAAPA) called six witnesses against Myeni, including four former SAA executives. Myeni was the only witness in her own defence.<a href="#cite_note-moneyweb.co.za-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> In closing argument, the counsel for the plaintiffs, Advocate Carol Steinberg, said during her time at SAA, Ms Myeni blocked, delayed and obstructed important initiatives to turn the airline around. She broke the law and flouted basic governance principles.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> The evidence in court showed a pattern of repeated misconduct: dishonesty, obstruction and interference, improperly inserting middlemen, and governance failures.<a href="#cite_note-moneyweb.co.za-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Accused of bringing the embattled SAA to its knees, and based on her actions during her five-year tenure as chairperson of the SAA board, Myeni was declared a <a href="/wiki/Delinquent_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Delinquent Director">delinquent director</a> and banned from holding any directorship position for life by Judge Ronel Tolmay at the Pretoria High Court on 27 May 2020.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> The judgement and evidence now goes to the <a href="/wiki/National_Prosecuting_Authority" title="National Prosecuting Authority">National Prosecuting Authority</a> so a criminal case can be pursued.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Destinations">Destinations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Destinations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Airways_destinations" title="List of South African Airways destinations">List of South African Airways destinations</a></div> South African Airways flies to 17 destinations in 12 countries within <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> as of January 2024.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> Within South Africa, SAA operates to only three cities however, the airline previously had an extensive domestic and regional network through its affiliate partners such as its LCC <a href="/wiki/Mango_(airline)" title="Mango (airline)">Mango Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airlink" title="Airlink">Airlink</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_African_Express" title="South African Express">South African Express</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Codeshare_agreements">Codeshare agreements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Codeshare agreements">edit</a>]</div> South African Airways <a href="/wiki/Codeshare_agreement" title="Codeshare agreement">codeshares</a> with the following airlines:<a href="#cite_note-CAPA_South_African_Airways_profile-182">[182]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 17em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_World_Airlines" title="Africa World Airlines">Africa World Airlines</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_China" title="Air China">Air China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Mauritius" title="Air Mauritius">Air Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_New_Zealand" title="Air New Zealand">Air New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Seychelles" title="Air Seychelles">Air Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Nippon_Airways" title="All Nippon Airways">All Nippon Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiana_Airlines" title="Asiana Airlines">Asiana Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Airlines" title="Brussels Airlines">Brussels Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptair" title="Egyptair">Egyptair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Ethiopian Airlines">Ethiopian Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gol_Linhas_A%C3%A9reas_Inteligentes" title="Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes">Gol Airlines</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JetBlue" title="JetBlue">JetBlue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Airways" title="Kenya Airways">Kenya Airways</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAM_Mozambique_Airlines" title="LAM Mozambique Airlines">LAM Mozambique Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RwandAir" title="RwandAir">RwandAir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines" title="Scandinavian Airlines">Scandinavian Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Airlines" title="Singapore Airlines">Singapore Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_International_Air_Lines" title="Swiss International Air Lines">Swiss International Air Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAAG_Angola_Airlines" title="TAAG Angola Airlines">TAAG Angola Airlines</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAP_Air_Portugal" title="TAP Air Portugal">TAP Air Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Australia" title="Virgin Australia">Virgin Australia</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interline_agreement">Interline agreement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Interline agreement">edit</a>]</div> South African Airways <a href="/wiki/Interlining" title="Interlining">interlines</a> with the following airlines: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Airlines" title="Hawaiian Airlines">Hawaiian Airlines</a><a href="#cite_note-ANA_2017-187">[187]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fleet">Fleet</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Fleet">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Airbus_A319-131_%27ZS-SFG%27_South_African_Airways_(15554993244).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Airbus_A319-131_%27ZS-SFG%27_South_African_Airways_%2815554993244%29.jpg/220px-Airbus_A319-131_%27ZS-SFG%27_South_African_Airways_%2815554993244%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Airbus_A319-131_%27ZS-SFG%27_South_African_Airways_%2815554993244%29.jpg/330px-Airbus_A319-131_%27ZS-SFG%27_South_African_Airways_%2815554993244%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Airbus_A319-131_%27ZS-SFG%27_South_African_Airways_%2815554993244%29.jpg/440px-Airbus_A319-131_%27ZS-SFG%27_South_African_Airways_%2815554993244%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5048" data-file-height="3365" /></a><figcaption>Former South African <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A319-100" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A319-100">Airbus A319-100</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_Airways_Airbus_A340_ZS-SXA_Perth_2019_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/South_African_Airways_Airbus_A340_ZS-SXA_Perth_2019_%2801%29.jpg/220px-South_African_Airways_Airbus_A340_ZS-SXA_Perth_2019_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/South_African_Airways_Airbus_A340_ZS-SXA_Perth_2019_%2801%29.jpg/330px-South_African_Airways_Airbus_A340_ZS-SXA_Perth_2019_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/South_African_Airways_Airbus_A340_ZS-SXA_Perth_2019_%2801%29.jpg/440px-South_African_Airways_Airbus_A340_ZS-SXA_Perth_2019_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4720" data-file-height="2657" /></a><figcaption>South African <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A330" title="Airbus A330">Airbus A340-300</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_fleet">Current fleet</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Current fleet">edit</a>]</div> As of November 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit">[update]</a>, South African Airways operates an all-<a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a> fleet composed of the following aircraft:<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Aircraft </th> <th rowspan="2">In service </th> <th rowspan="2">Orders </th> <th colspan="3">Passengers </th> <th rowspan="2">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th><abbr title="Business Class">C</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Economy Class">Y</abbr> </th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320-200" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A320-200">Airbus A320-200</a> </td> <td>9 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>114 </td> <td>138 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A330-300" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A330-300">Airbus A330-300</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>46 </td> <td>203 </td> <td>249 </td> <td>Two to be returned from <a href="/wiki/Flynas" title="Flynas">Flynas</a> (ZS-SXI and ZS-SXK) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A340" title="Airbus A340">Airbus A340-300</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>— </td> <td>38 </td> <td>215 </td> <td>253 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th>13 </th> <th>4 </th> <th colspan="5"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_fleet">Former fleet</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Former fleet">edit</a>]</div> South African Airways has previously operated the following aircraft:<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-189">[189]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; text-align:center"> <caption>South African Airways historical fleet </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Aircraft </th> <th>Total </th> <th>Introduced </th> <th>Retired </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A300B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A300B2">Airbus A300B2</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1976 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A300B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A300B4">Airbus A300B4</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1981 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A300" title="Airbus A300">Airbus A300C4</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1982 </td> <td>2000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A319-100" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A319-100">Airbus A319-100</a> </td> <td>10 </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320-200" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A320-200">Airbus A320-200</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>1991 </td> <td>2002 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A330-200" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A330-200">Airbus A330-200</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>2002 </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>Leased from <a href="/wiki/British_Midland_International" title="British Midland International">British Midland International</a> and <a href="/wiki/TAM_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="TAM Airlines">TAM Airlines</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>2011 </td> <td>2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A340-200" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A340-200">Airbus A340-200</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>2014 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A340-300" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A340-300">Airbus A340-300</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2005 </td> <td>2019 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A340-600" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A340-600">Airbus A340-600</a> </td> <td>9 </td> <td>2002 </td> <td>2021 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A350-900" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A350-900">Airbus A350-900</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Envoy" title="Airspeed Envoy">Airspeed AS.6 Envoy</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1936 </td> <td>1938 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-189">[189]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Avro_York" title="Avro York">Avro 685 York</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>1945 </td> <td>1947 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_707-320" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 707-320">Boeing 707-320</a> </td> <td>11 </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>1980 </td> <td>ZS-EUW crashed as <a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_228" title="South African Airways Flight 228">Flight 228</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_727-100" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 727-100">Boeing 727-100</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>1982 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_727-100C" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 727-100C">Boeing 727-100C</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1967 </td> <td>1982 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_737-200" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 737-200">Boeing 737-200</a> </td> <td>29 </td> <td>1968 </td> <td>2006 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_737-200F" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 737-200F">Boeing 737-200F</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1981 </td> <td>2013 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_737-300" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 737-300">Boeing 737-300SF</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2007 </td> <td>2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_737-800" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 737-800">Boeing 737-800</a> </td> <td>21 </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>2018 </td> <td>Sixteen aircraft were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Mango_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Mango Airlines">Mango Airlines</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-200B" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 747-200B">Boeing 747-200B</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>ZS-SAN preserved at the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Museum_Society" title="South African Airways Museum Society">South African Airways Museum Society</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rand_Airport" title="Rand Airport">Rand Airport</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-200F" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 747-200F">Boeing 747-200F</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>1999 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-200M" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 747-200M">Boeing 747-200M</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1980 </td> <td>1994 </td> <td>ZS-SAS crashed as <a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_295" title="South African Airways Flight 295">Flight 295</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-200" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 747-200">Boeing 747-200SF</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1995 </td> <td>2000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-300" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 747-300">Boeing 747-300</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1983 </td> <td>2004 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-400" title="Boeing 747-400">Boeing 747-400</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>1991 </td> <td>2010 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_747SP" title="Boeing 747SP">Boeing 747SP</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1976 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>ZS-SPC preserved at the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Museum_Society" title="South African Airways Museum Society">South African Airways Museum Society</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rand_Airport" title="Rand Airport">Rand Airport</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_767-200ER" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 767-200ER">Boeing 767-200ER</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1993 </td> <td>2004 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.60_Moth" title="De Havilland DH.60 Moth">de Havilland DH.60 Gypsy Moth</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1934 </td> <td>1937 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dove" title="De Havilland Dove">de Havilland DH.104 Dove</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1947 </td> <td>1952 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Comet" title="De Havilland Comet">de Havilland DH.106 Comet</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1953 </td> <td>1954 </td> <td>Leased from <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Airways_Corporation" title="British Overseas Airways Corporation">BOAC</a>. G-ALYY crashed as <a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_201" title="South African Airways Flight 201">Flight 201</a> due to in-flight break up. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">Douglas DC-3</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>1946 </td> <td>1970 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-4" title="Douglas DC-4">Douglas DC-4</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>1946 </td> <td>1967 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-7" title="Douglas DC-7">Douglas DC-7</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1956 </td> <td>1967 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_HS_748" title="Hawker Siddeley HS 748">Hawker Siddeley HS 748</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1970 </td> <td>1983 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Junkers_F.13" class="mw-redirect" title="Junkers F.13">Junkers F.13</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1934 </td> <td>1940 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_52" title="Junkers Ju 52">Junkers Ju 52/3m</a> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>1934 </td> <td>1940 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_86" title="Junkers Ju 86">Junkers Ju 86</a> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>1937 </td> <td>1940 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Junkers_W.34" class="mw-redirect" title="Junkers W.34">Junkers W.34</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1934 </td> <td>1937 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Constellation" title="Lockheed Constellation">Lockheed Constellation</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1950 </td> <td>1964 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-18_Lodestar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed L-18 Lodestar">Lockheed L-18 Lodestar</a> </td> <td>21 </td> <td>1944 </td> <td>1955 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vickers_VC.1_Viking" title="Vickers VC.1 Viking">Vickers VC.1 Viking</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>1947 </td> <td>1951 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Viscount" title="Vickers Viscount">Vickers Viscount</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>1958 </td> <td>1971 </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Services">Services</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Services">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In-flight_services">In-flight services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: In-flight services">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt>Business class</dt></dl> South African Airways' Airbus A330-300 business-class seats have a pitch of 75" whilst those in the A340-300s are pitched at 73" respectively; in a 2-2-2 configuration in both types. Passengers receive a welcome pack, a duvet & full-size pillow and a personal touchscreen monitor with audio/video on demand. South African Airways operates the Airbus A320-200 on its domestic and regional routes. South African Airways' A320 business-class seats have a 39" pitch in a 2-2 configuration.<a href="#cite_note-SaaFleet_A-190">[190]</a> <dl><dt>Economy</dt></dl> SAA Airbus A330 and A340 economy-class seats have a pitch of 32" in a 2-4-2 configuration. Passengers receive a welcome pack, a blanket & full-size pillow and a personal touchscreen monitor with audio/video on demand. The Airbus A320 economy-class seats have a pitch of 31".<a href="#cite_note-SaaFleet_A-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frequent-flyer_program">Frequent-flyer program</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Frequent-flyer program">edit</a>]</div> Voyager is the <a href="/wiki/Frequent-flyer_program" title="Frequent-flyer program">frequent-flyer program</a> of South African Airways. Apart from <a href="/wiki/South_African_Airlink" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Airlink">South African Airlink</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_African_Express" title="South African Express">South African Express</a>, which have an alliance with SAA, the program also partners 32 other airlines, along with many more businesses.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Voyager consists of five tiers – Blue, Silver, Gold, Platinum and Lifetime Platinum. To reach a higher tier, members must fly on selected flights to allocate "Tier Miles". This differs from "Base Miles", which members can only use to receive awards.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport_lounges">Airport lounges</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Airport lounges">edit</a>]</div> SAA hosts domestic and international lounges around the world accessible through SAA Business and First Class passengers, <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Limited" title="Discovery Limited">Discovery Bank</a> Platinum and above and <a href="/wiki/Investec" title="Investec">Investec</a> Black Card customers. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accidents_and_incidents">Accidents and incidents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Accidents and incidents">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>On 16 June 1937, a <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_52" title="Junkers Ju 52">Junkers Ju 52/3m</a> (registration ZS-AKY) was destroyed by fire after it crashed on take-off at <a href="/wiki/Port_Elizabeth_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Elizabeth Airport">Port Elizabeth Airport</a> following engine failure in two engines. All on board escaped. This was the airline's first accident in which passengers were injured.<a href="#cite_note-FirmResolve-193">[193]</a></li> <li>On 16 October 1937, a <a href="/wiki/Junkers_W_34" title="Junkers W 34">Junkers W34 fi</a> (registration ZS-AEC), named <a href="/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey">Sir George Grey</a>, crashed during a mail flight. The aeroplane was damaged beyond repair.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a></li> <li>On 28 March 1941, a <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_18_Lodestar" title="Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar">Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar</a> (registration ZS-AST) crashed at <a href="/wiki/Elands_Bay" title="Elands Bay">Elands Bay</a>, South Africa. All on board were killed on impact and in the post-crash fire.<a href="#cite_note-FirmResolve-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-planecrashinfo-195">[195]</a></li> <li>On 5 January 1948, a <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_18_Lodestar" title="Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar">Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar</a> (registration ZS-ASW) touched down at <a href="/wiki/Palmietfontein_Airport" title="Palmietfontein Airport">Palmietfontein</a> too far along the runway for it to stop before running off the end. The <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">undercarriage</a> was ripped off and the hull damaged beyond repair. There were light injuries to passengers but no fatalities.<a href="#cite_note-FirmResolve-193">[193]</a></li> <li>On 15 October 1951, a <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">Douglas DC-3</a> (registration ZS-AVJ), named Pardeberg, flying in <a href="/wiki/Instrument_meteorological_conditions" title="Instrument meteorological conditions">instrument meteorological conditions</a> en route on a domestic flight from Port Elizabeth to Durban, flew into Mount Ingeli near Kokstad, Western <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a>. Seventeen people were killed. The board of inquiry determined that the unserviceability of ground-based radio navigational aids along the route was a major contributing factor.<a href="#cite_note-FirmResolve-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-planecrashinfo-195">[195]</a></li> <li>On 15 September 1952, a <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">Douglas DC-3</a> (registration ZS-AVI) was damaged beyond repair while attempting to land at an unlit country airport at Carolina, South Africa after the crew became lost on a flight to Johannesburg from Livingstone, Zambia. After attempting to hold for thunderstorms to clear near their destination, the crew initiated a landing when their fuel ran low. The elevation of the airfield was mis-judged and the aircraft hit a rocky outcrop on final approach to the runway. No passengers or crew were killed or injured.<a href="#cite_note-FirmResolve-193">[193]</a></li> <li>On 8 April 1954, a <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Comet" title="De Havilland Comet">de Havilland Comet I</a> (registration G-ALYY), <a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_201" title="South African Airways Flight 201">Flight 201</a>, departed Rome for Cairo and Johannesburg. The aircraft crashed off the coast of Italy following a in-flight breakup, killing all 21 people on board. The wreckage was never recovered, but all known evidence pointed to a repeat of the recent accident to <a href="/wiki/BOAC_Flight_781" title="BOAC Flight 781">BOAC Flight 781</a>. The aircraft was leased on charter from <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Airways_Corporation" title="British Overseas Airways Corporation">BOAC</a> with an SAA crew.</li> <li>On 29 October 1960, a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707-344A</a> (registration ZS-CKC), operating as Flight 218, executed a wheels-up landing at Nairobi Airport after damaging the undercarriage during an impact with the ground on its initial approach. No passengers or crew were killed or injured but the aircraft remained out of operation for many months until it was repaired and re-introduced into service.<a href="#cite_note-FirmResolve-193">[193]</a></li> <li>On 6 March 1962, a <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">Douglas DC-3</a> (registration ZS-DJC) operating as Flight 512 crashed into a mountainside in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Seymour,_Eastern_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="Seymour, Eastern Cape">Seymour, Eastern Cape</a>, South Africa, after the pilot insisted on conducting the flight under <a href="/wiki/Visual_flight_rules" title="Visual flight rules">visual flight rules</a> (VFR) while flying below low cloud above rising ground. The pilot and first officer were killed but the passengers and cabin staff survived.<a href="#cite_note-FirmResolve-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-planecrashinfo-195">[195]</a></li> <li>On 30 June 1962, a <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-4" title="Douglas DC-4">Douglas DC-4</a> (registration ZS-BMH) was involved in a mid-air collision with a military <a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">Harvard</a> training aircraft near <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a> airport. The military aircraft crashed but the crew managed to land the airliner without injury to passengers or crew despite losing a large part of the vertical stabiliser. The aircraft was the last DC-4 manufactured and was repaired and returned to service. It is currently owned by the South African Airways Museum Society and still flies.<a href="#cite_note-FirmResolve-193">[193]</a></li> <li>On 13 March 1967, a <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Viscount" title="Vickers Viscount">Vickers Viscount</a> 818 (registration ZS-CVA), christened Rietbok, operating as <a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_406" title="South African Airways Flight 406">Flight 406</a>, crashed into the sea near <a href="/wiki/Kayser%27s_Beach" title="Kayser's Beach">Kayser's Beach</a> during bad weather while on approach to <a href="/wiki/East_London,_Eastern_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="East London, Eastern Cape">East London, Eastern Cape</a>. All twenty-five persons on board were killed.<a href="#cite_note-FirmResolve-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-planecrashinfo-195">[195]</a> The accident investigation board stated 'The available data is not sufficient for the originating cause of the accident to be determined with any degree of probability'. However the board could not rule out the possibility that the pilot suffered a heart attack resulting in a loss of control.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a></li> <li>On 20 April 1968, a six-week-old <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707-344C</a> (registration ZS-EUW), named Pretoria, operating <a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_228" title="South African Airways Flight 228">Flight SA228</a>, was lost near <a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa" title="South West Africa">South West Africa</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>). The crew used a flap-retraction sequence from the 707-B series which removed flaps in larger increments than desirable for that stage of the flight, leading to a loss of lift at 600 feet (180 m) above ground level. The subsequent descent went undetected by the crew, leading to impact with the ground. 123 people died.<a href="#cite_note-FirmResolve-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-planecrashinfo-195">[195]</a></li> <li>On 24 May 1972, the only successful hijacking of a SAA flight took place; a Boeing 727-100 (registration ZS-SBE) was en route from Salisbury, <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a> (now known as <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a>, Zimbabwe) to Johannesburg. Two Lebanese, Kamil and Yagi, took control of the aircraft by packing dynamite sticks on the hat-racks. They were armed with a pistol. They forced the pilot, Captain Blake Flemington, to return to Salisbury, where they landed and re-fuelled with 12 hostages remaining on board. The captain tricked them into thinking that they were en route to the Seychelles, while he was in fact heading for Blantyre, Malawi. After landing, the passengers used nightfall to enter the cockpit, where they climbed down the emergency escape rope. By the time the hijackers realised this, only the captain, one passenger, and a flight steward, Dirk Nel, remained on the aircraft. The two hijackers started fighting with each other for possession of the dynamite fuse. In the ensuing chaos, the three captives escaped, leaving the two hijackers on board. Members of the Malawi security forces started shooting and the two surrendered. They were jailed for two years on a charge of being in possession of an undeclared firearm on board an aircraft. After serving one year of their sentence, they were released.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_Airways_Boeing_747-200_Aragao-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/South_African_Airways_Boeing_747-200_Aragao-1.jpg/220px-South_African_Airways_Boeing_747-200_Aragao-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/South_African_Airways_Boeing_747-200_Aragao-1.jpg/330px-South_African_Airways_Boeing_747-200_Aragao-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/South_African_Airways_Boeing_747-200_Aragao-1.jpg/440px-South_African_Airways_Boeing_747-200_Aragao-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>Boeing 747-244M ZS-SAS, photographed in 1986. ZS-SAS crashed in 1987 as <a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_295" title="South African Airways Flight 295">South African Airways Flight 295</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>On 28 November 1987, a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747-200B Combi</a> (registration ZS-SAS and named Helderberg), operating as <a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_295" title="South African Airways Flight 295">Flight 295</a>, crashed in the Indian Ocean en route from <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, Taiwan to Johannesburg via Mauritius, after a fire in the main cargo hold. The cause of the fire is undetermined, and a number of conspiracy theories (mostly pertaining to the nuclear armaments being produced by the South African government at the time) are in circulation surrounding the crash. Ignition of an <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_perchlorate" title="Ammonium perchlorate">ammonium perchlorate</a> cargo, a chemical used as a missile propellant, is theorized by forensic scientists to have caused the fire. At the time, passenger jets of SAA were suspected to have illegally carried weapons cargo for <a href="/wiki/Armscor_(South_Africa)" title="Armscor (South Africa)">Armscor</a>, in an attempt to circumvent UN sanctions placed on apartheid-era South Africa.<a href="#cite_note-:1-38">[38]</a> All 159 people on board were killed.<a href="#cite_note-planecrashinfo-195">[195]</a></li> <li>On 17 June 2006, on South African Airways Flight 322, a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_Next_Generation" title="Boeing 737 Next Generation">Boeing 737-800</a> en route from Cape Town to Johannesburg, a 21-year-old Zimbabwean took a <a href="/wiki/Flight_attendant" title="Flight attendant">flight attendant</a> hostage in an attempt to enter the aircraft's cockpit and divert the aircraft to <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>, Mozambique. He was subdued while still in the cabin. The pilots had been monitoring the incident via CCTV and the aircraft returned to Cape Town where a police task force stormed the aircraft and arrested the suspect.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a></li> <li>On 6 November 2018, an <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A340" title="Airbus A340">Airbus A340-600</a> (ZS-SNF) operating Flight SA260 over <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, encountered an overspeed warning due to the aircraft entering a wind convergence zone. The aircraft was en route at FL380 over Switzerland about 40 nm south-southeast of <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zurich</a> (Switzerland) when the aircraft reached a speed of Mach 0.89. The pilot in command deactivated the autopilot and initiated a climb to FL400 in order to reduce the aircraft speed. The acceleration caused an Angle of Attack warning, which the flight crew misinterpreted as being a malfunction. Subsequently, two of the three AIRDUs were deactivated. This also deactivated the auto throttle and deactivated some protection, causing the aircraft to enter a near stall state. The situation was recovered at FL340, with the pilots saying that they temporarily lost control of the aircraft. The investigation revealed that the checklists were not followed and the pilots were not properly trained on handling overspeed events. The pilots were not informed, that a bulletin addressing the Angle of Attack warning system was already implemented. They also found out, that one of the copilots did hold a CPL instead of the ATPL required by the airline. The flight continued to Frankfurt for a safe landing, where the crew were interviewed by the German authorities. Germany's <a href="/wiki/BFU_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="BFU (Germany)">BFU</a>, which led the investigation, reported the aircraft event as a serious incident.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a></li> <li>On 24 February 2021, an <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A340" title="Airbus A340">Airbus A340-600</a> operating as Flight SA4272 sent from <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> to <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> to fetch COVID-19 vaccines encountered an "alpha floor event" sent by the <a href="/wiki/ACARS" title="ACARS">ACARS</a> unit of the plane. This was activated when the Airbus A340-600's envelope protection system activated to override the pilots to prevent the plane from stalling on take-off.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a></li> <li>On 12 November 2022, an SAA <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320_family" title="Airbus A320 family">Airbus A320</a> (ZS-SZJ) being towed collided into a parked <a href="/wiki/FlySafair" title="FlySafair">FlySafair</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_Next_Generation" title="Boeing 737 Next Generation">Boeing 737-8BG</a> (ZS-SJH) at <a href="/wiki/O._R._Tambo_International_Airport" title="O. R. Tambo International Airport">O. R. Tambo International Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> No passengers were on board either aircraft at the time. The FlySafair’s empennage section and SAA wing tip were damaged. As a result, both aircraft were rendered inoperable.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airlines_of_Africa" title="Airlines of Africa">Airlines of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airlink" title="Airlink">Airlink</a> – Regional airline in South Africa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Express" title="Congo Express">Congo Express</a> – Airline of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_South_Africa" title="List of companies of South Africa">List of companies of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_(airline)" title="Mango (airline)">Mango</a> – Defunct low-cost airline of South Africa (2006–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Express" title="South African Express">South African Express</a> – Defunct regional airline of South Africa (1994–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_South_Africa" title="Transport in South Africa">Transport in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Airports_in_South_Africa" title="Category:Airports in South Africa">Wikipedia category of airports in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudu_Myeni#South_African_Airways" title="Dudu Myeni">Dudu Myeni</a> – South African businesswoman (1963–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malusi_Gigaba#South_African_Airways" title="Malusi Gigaba">Malusi Gigaba</a> – South African politician</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hanekom-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Hanekom_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news24.com/fin24/economy/just-in-derek-hanekom-appointed-new-saa-interim-chair-20230417">"Derek Hanekom appointed as new SAA interim chair"</a>. news24. 17 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418144651/https://www.news24.com/fin24/economy/just-in-derek-hanekom-appointed-new-saa-interim-chair-20230417">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news24&rft.atitle=Derek+Hanekom+appointed+as+new+SAA+interim+chair&rft.date=2023-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2Ffin24%2Feconomy%2Fjust-in-derek-hanekom-appointed-new-saa-interim-chair-20230417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lamola-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lamola_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lamola_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ewn.co.za/2022/04/29/saa-appoints-john-lamola-as-new-ceo">"SAA appoints Lamola as new CEO"</a>. Eye Witness News (EWN). 29 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220503201231/https://ewn.co.za/2022/04/29/saa-appoints-john-lamola-as-new-ceo">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA+appoints+Lamola+as+new+CEO&rft.pub=Eye+Witness+News+%28EWN%29&rft.date=2022-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fewn.co.za%2F2022%2F04%2F29%2Fsaa-appoints-john-lamola-as-new-ceo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FY2018-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FY2018_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/398403/saa-counts-r16-billion-in-losses-over-three-years/">"SAA counts R16 billion in losses over three years"</a>. 15 May 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210930071440/https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/398403/saa-counts-r16-billion-in-losses-over-three-years/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA+counts+R16+billion+in+losses+over+three+years&rft.date=2020-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusinesstech.co.za%2Fnews%2Fgovernment%2F398403%2Fsaa-counts-r16-billion-in-losses-over-three-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sa-airlines.co.za/South-African-Airways.html">"South African Airways | SA Airlines Flights & Specials"</a>. www.sa-airlines.co.za. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221116131356/https://www.sa-airlines.co.za/South-African-Airways.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sa-airlines.co.za&rft.atitle=South+African+Airways+%7C+SA+Airlines+Flights+%26+Specials&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sa-airlines.co.za%2FSouth-African-Airways.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ch-aviation-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ch-aviation_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ch-aviation_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/106446-south-african-airways-resecures-its-aoc-ahead-of-restart">"South African Airways resecures its AOC ahead of restart"</a>. ch-aviation. 4 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103143907/https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/106446-south-african-airways-resecures-its-aoc-ahead-of-restart">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ch-aviation&rft.atitle=South+African+Airways+resecures+its+AOC+ahead+of+restart&rft.date=2021-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ch-aviation.com%2Fportal%2Fnews%2F106446-south-african-airways-resecures-its-aoc-ahead-of-restart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.staralliance.com/en/member-airline-details?airlineCode=SA">"Member Airline Details"</a>. www.staralliance.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103143902/https://www.staralliance.com/en/member-airline-details?airlineCode=SA">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.staralliance.com&rft.atitle=Member+Airline+Details&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.staralliance.com%2Fen%2Fmember-airline-details%3FairlineCode%3DSA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theafricareport.com/21056/south-african-airways-is-in-business-rescue-what-comes-next/">"South African Airways is in business rescue: what comes next?"</a>. The Africa Report. 9 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210930071436/https://www.theafricareport.com/21056/south-african-airways-is-in-business-rescue-what-comes-next/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+African+Airways+is+in+business+rescue%3A+what+comes+next%3F&rft.pub=The+Africa+Report&rft.date=2019-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theafricareport.com%2F21056%2Fsouth-african-airways-is-in-business-rescue-what-comes-next%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/safrica-saa-idUSL8N2GQ5G6">"SAA administrators suspend all operations until funding found"</a>. Reuters. 29 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103143908/https://www.reuters.com/article/safrica-saa-idUSL8N2GQ5G6">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA+administrators+suspend+all+operations+until+funding+found&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2020-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fsafrica-saa-idUSL8N2GQ5G6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africaglobalfunds.com/news/private-equity/deals/takatso-consortium-to-own-51-of-saa/">"Takatso Consortium to own 51% of SAA"</a>. www.africaglobalfunds.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103143903/https://www.africaglobalfunds.com/news/private-equity/deals/takatso-consortium-to-own-51-of-saa/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.africaglobalfunds.com&rft.atitle=Takatso+Consortium+to+own+51%25+of+SAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africaglobalfunds.com%2Fnews%2Fprivate-equity%2Fdeals%2Ftakatso-consortium-to-own-51-of-saa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlan_Dron2021" class="citation web cs1">Alan Dron (24 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/296791/south-african-airways-restarts-service-with-limited-route-network/">"South African Airways restarts service with limited route network"</a>. 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Retrieved 30 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+African+Airways+restarts+service+with+limited+route+network&rft.pub=Routes+Online&rft.date=2021-09-24&rft.au=Alan+Dron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routesonline.com%2Fnews%2F29%2Fbreaking-news%2F296791%2Fsouth-african-airways-restarts-service-with-limited-route-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Takatso-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Takatso_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news24.com/fin24/companies/ahead-of-saa-take-off-takatso-makes-it-clear-it-is-not-yet-involved-20210921">"Ahead of SAA take-off, Takatso makes it clear it is not (yet) involved"</a>. 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Retrieved 30 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ahead+of+SAA+take-off%2C+Takatso+makes+it+clear+it+is+not+%28yet%29+involved&rft.pub=News24&rft.date=2021-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2Ffin24%2Fcompanies%2Fahead-of-saa-take-off-takatso-makes-it-clear-it-is-not-yet-involved-20210921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldairlineawards.com/worlds-top-100-airlines-2021/">"World's Top 100 Airlines 2021"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World%27s+Top+100+Airlines+2021&rft.pub=Skytrax&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldairlineawards.com%2Fworlds-top-100-airlines-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamola2023" class="citation web cs1">Lamola, John (1 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeslive.co.za/ideas/2023-12-01-opinion--saa-in-a-healthier-financial-position-than-it-has-been-in-several-years/">"SAA in a healthier financial position than it has been in several years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TimesLIVE" title="TimesLIVE">TimesLIVE</a>. 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South African Airways.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brief+history&rft.pub=South+African+Airways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flysaa.com%2FJourneys%2Fcms%2FZA%2Ffooter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMay1966" class="citation magazine cs1">May, Daryl (28 April 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1966/1966%20-%201219.html">"SOUTH AFRICAN AIRWAYS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Flight_International" title="Flight International">Flight International</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103102925/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1966/1966%20-%201219.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2012. 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Retrieved 29 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flight+International&rft.atitle=SOUTH+AFRICA+GOES+AHEAD&rft.date=1936-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fpdfarchive%2Fview%2F1936%2F1936%2520-%25200086.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historycentral.com/aviation/airlines/SA.html">"History of Airlines: South African Airways"</a>. www.historycentral.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306060100/http://www.historycentral.com/aviation/airlines/SA.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Airlines%3A+South+African+Airways&rft.pub=www.historycentral.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historycentral.com%2Faviation%2Fairlines%2FSA.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMay1966" class="citation magazine cs1">May, Daryl (28 April 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1966/1966%20-%201219.html">"SOUTH AFRICAN AIRWAYS"</a>. Flight International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103102925/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1966/1966%20-%201219.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flight+International&rft.atitle=SOUTH+AFRICAN+AIRWAYS&rft.date=1966-04-28&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Daryl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fpdfarchive%2Fview%2F1966%2F1966%2520-%25201219.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saamuseum.co.za/our-aircraft/68-douglas-dc-3-dakota.html">"Douglas DC-3 Dakota"</a>. www.saamuseum.co.za. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524021700/http://www.saamuseum.co.za/our-aircraft/68-douglas-dc-3-dakota.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.saamuseum.co.za&rft.atitle=Douglas+DC-3+Dakota&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saamuseum.co.za%2Four-aircraft%2F68-douglas-dc-3-dakota.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Marson, 1982, pp. 244-245 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> In January 1958 the weekly DC-7B took 20 hr 10 min Heathrow to Johannesburg including the one-hour Kano stop. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.key.aero/article/south-african-airways-wings-rainbow-nation">"South African Airways: Wings of the Rainbow Nation"</a>. www.key.aero. 23 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230428045033/https://www.key.aero/article/south-african-airways-wings-rainbow-nation">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.key.aero&rft.atitle=South+African+Airways%3A+Wings+of+the+Rainbow+Nation&rft.date=2020-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.key.aero%2Farticle%2Fsouth-african-airways-wings-rainbow-nation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904102020/http://active.boeing.com/commercial/orders/displaystandardreport.cfm?cboCurrentModel=707&optReportType=AllModels&cboAllModel=707&ViewReportF=View+Report">"707 Model Summary"</a>. Boeing Commercial Airplanes. 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Flight International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103120852/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1976/1976%20-%201575.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flight+International&rft.atitle=Boeing+s+Special+Performer&rft.date=1976-08-21&rft.aulast=BELSON&rft.aufirst=JOHN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fpdfarchive%2Fview%2F1976%2F1976%2520-%25201575.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcmap.com/mapui?P=jnb-sid-ams&MS=bm&DU=km">"Johannesburg - Ilha do Sal - Amsterdam"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=moneyweb.co.za&rft.atitle=How+was+R5.5bn+spent+by+SAA+BRPs%3F+Gordhan+wants+answers&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moneyweb.co.za%2Fnews%2Fcompanies-and-deals%2Fhow-was-r5-5bn-spent-by-saa-brps-gordhan-wants-answers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCele" class="citation web cs1">Cele, Juniour Khumalo and S’thembile. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news24.com/citypress/News/anc-allies-put-their-foot-down-business-rescue-practitioners-do-not-own-saa-we-do-20200217">"ANC allies put their foot down: 'Business rescue practitioners do not own SAA; we do'"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aviacionline&rft.atitle=After+almost+four+years%2C+South+African+Airways+resumes+flights+to+Sao+Paulo&rft.date=2023-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aviacionline.com%2F2023%2F10%2Fafter-almost-four-years-south-african-airways-resumes-flights-to-sao-paulo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.executivetraveller.com/news/south-african-airways-perth-johannesburg">"South African Airways to returns to Perth on April 28"</a>. ExecutiveTraveller. 9 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110151820/https://www.executivetraveller.com/news/south-african-airways-perth-johannesburg">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ExecutiveTraveller&rft.atitle=South+African+Airways+to+returns+to+Perth+on+April+28&rft.date=2024-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.executivetraveller.com%2Fnews%2Fsouth-african-airways-perth-johannesburg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flysaa.com/Utility_Navigation/Policies_And_Disclaimer/policies_and_disclaimer.html">POLICIES & DISCLAIMER</a>." South African Airways. Retrieved 23 June 2010. "Physical address for receipt of legal service: Airways Park, 1 Jones Road, OR Tambo International Airport, Kempton Park, Gauteng, South Africa." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20091117214211/http%3A//www%2Eflysaa%2Ecom/Utility_Navigation/Policies_And_Disclaimer/policies_and_disclaimer%2Ehtml">Archived copy</a> at the Icelandic Web Archive (17 November 2009). </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220624214126/http://www.ekurhuleni.com/component/option,com_docman/task,doc_download/gid,428/">Background</a>." <a href="/wiki/Ekurhuleni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekurhuleni">Ekurhuleni</a>. 3 (3/8). Retrieved 30 September 2009. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaver2004" class="citation book cs1">Beaver, Robyn (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aXIitnyo5C4C&pg=PA504">1000 Architects</a>. Vol. 1. Images Publishing. p. 504. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781876907914" title="Special:BookSources/9781876907914"><bdi>9781876907914</bdi></a>. Retrieved 23 June 2010 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1000+Architects&rft.pages=504&rft.pub=Images+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781876907914&rft.aulast=Beaver&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaXIitnyo5C4C%26pg%3DPA504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-876907-91-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-876907-91-6">1-876907-91-6</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-876907-91-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-876907-91-4">978-1-876907-91-4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040612231814/http://www.svarchitects.com/SV.pdf">Printable version of the site</a>." Stauch Vorster Architects. 10/18. Retrieved 23 June 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saamuseum.co.za/saa-history.html">"South African Airways – A Brief History"</a>. saamuseum.co.za. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221011010453/https://www.saamuseum.co.za/saa-history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+African+Airways+%E2%80%93+A+Brief+History&rft.pub=saamuseum.co.za&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saamuseum.co.za%2Fsaa-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> "World Airline Directory." <a href="/wiki/Flight_International" title="Flight International">Flight International</a>. 3–9 April 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1996/1996%20-%200817.html?search=%22South%20African%20Airways%22">81</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710042534/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1996/1996%20-%200817.html?search=%22South%20African%20Airways%22">Archived</a> 10 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-ANN_REP_06-120"><a href="#cite_ref-ANN_REP_06_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flysaa.com/pv_obj_cache/pv_obj_id_2A35EAB056685D3BAFB714DD73128985C9D61900/filename/SAA_annualreport2006_opt.pdf">"Gearing for growth: ANNUAL REPORT 2006"</a> (PDF). South African Airways. 2006. Retrieved 12 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gearing+for+growth%3A+ANNUAL+REPORT+2006&rft.pub=South+African+Airways&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flysaa.com%2Fpv_obj_cache%2Fpv_obj_id_2A35EAB056685D3BAFB714DD73128985C9D61900%2Ffilename%2FSAA_annualreport2006_opt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flysaa.com/pv_obj_cache/pv_obj_id_16EA76016AFD303C706F52C46446CDEC91A10200/filename/SAA_annualreport2007_part2.pdf">"Annual Report 2007"</a> (PDF). South African Airways. Retrieved 13 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2007&rft.pub=South+African+Airways&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flysaa.com%2Fpv_obj_cache%2Fpv_obj_id_16EA76016AFD303C706F52C46446CDEC91A10200%2Ffilename%2FSAA_annualreport2007_part2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flysaa.com/gb/en/Documents/Financials/SAA_annualreport2007_part2.pdf">"Annual Report 2007 part 2"</a> (PDF). South African Airways. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002040148/http://www.flysaa.com/gb/en/Documents/Financials/SAA_annualreport2007_part2.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2007+part+2&rft.pub=South+African+Airways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flysaa.com%2Fgb%2Fen%2FDocuments%2FFinancials%2FSAA_annualreport2007_part2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flysaa.com/pv_obj_cache/pv_obj_id_B215E05380672AB80F69709E0E3158E9F53B0900/filename/Financial_Report2008_Restructuring_towards_profitability.pdf">"08 Annual Report – Restructuring towards profitability"</a> (PDF). South African Airways. Retrieved 13 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=08+Annual+Report+%E2%80%93+Restructuring+towards+profitability&rft.pub=South+African+Airways&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flysaa.com%2Fpv_obj_cache%2Fpv_obj_id_B215E05380672AB80F69709E0E3158E9F53B0900%2Ffilename%2FFinancial_Report2008_Restructuring_towards_profitability.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flysaa.com/pv_obj_cache/pv_obj_id_7787CA7799AA5B6A3698DA42FD9546CFD8BF2700/filename/SAA_2009_Annual_Report.pdf">"09 Annual Report – Restructuring towards profitability"</a> (PDF). South African Airways. Retrieved 14 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=09+Annual+Report+%E2%80%93+Restructuring+towards+profitability&rft.pub=South+African+Airways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flysaa.com%2Fpv_obj_cache%2Fpv_obj_id_7787CA7799AA5B6A3698DA42FD9546CFD8BF2700%2Ffilename%2FSAA_2009_Annual_Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flysaa.com/es/en/Documents/Financials/SAAAnnualReport2010.pdf">"Annual Report 2010"</a> (PDF). South African Airways. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927112450/http://www.flysaa.com/es/en/Documents/Financials/SAAAnnualReport2010.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2010&rft.pub=South+African+Airways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flysaa.com%2Fes%2Fen%2FDocuments%2FFinancials%2FSAAAnnualReport2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flysaa.com/es/en/Documents/Financials/SAA_annual_report_2011.pdf">"Annual Report 2011"</a> (PDF). South African Airways. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927112417/http://www.flysaa.com/es/en/Documents/Financials/SAA_annual_report_2011.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2011&rft.pub=South+African+Airways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flysaa.com%2Fes%2Fen%2FDocuments%2FFinancials%2FSAA_annual_report_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flysaa.com/ehttp://www.flickr.com/s/en/Documents/Financials/SAA_AR_2012_web.pdf">"Annual Report 2012"</a> (PDF). South African Airways. Retrieved 24 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2012&rft.pub=South+African+Airways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flysaa.com%2Fehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fs%2Fen%2FDocuments%2FFinancials%2FSAA_AR_2012_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-Report2013-128"><a href="#cite_ref-Report2013_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flysaa.com/documents/51855150/51859528/SAA+Annual+Report+2013.pdf/557e81fd-f531-4596-9853-e079d2d937c4">"South African Airways Group Integrated Annual Report 2013"</a>. South African Airways. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912102754/https://www.flysaa.com/documents/51855150/51859528/SAA+Annual+Report+2013.pdf/557e81fd-f531-4596-9853-e079d2d937c4">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+African+Airways+Group+Integrated+Annual+Report+2013&rft.pub=South+African+Airways&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flysaa.com%2Fdocuments%2F51855150%2F51859528%2FSAA%2BAnnual%2BReport%2B2013.pdf%2F557e81fd-f531-4596-9853-e079d2d937c4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Report2014-129"><a href="#cite_ref-Report2014_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flysaa.com/documents/51855150/51859528/SAA+Annual+report+2014.pdf/89fba6a8-5fe8-412d-8ee0-f659f92f5471">"South African Airways Group Integrated Annual Report 2014"</a>. South African Airways. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912102731/https://www.flysaa.com/documents/51855150/51859528/SAA+Annual+report+2014.pdf/89fba6a8-5fe8-412d-8ee0-f659f92f5471">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+African+Airways+Group+Integrated+Annual+Report+2014&rft.pub=South+African+Airways&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flysaa.com%2Fdocuments%2F51855150%2F51859528%2FSAA%2BAnnual%2Breport%2B2014.pdf%2F89fba6a8-5fe8-412d-8ee0-f659f92f5471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Report2015-130"><a href="#cite_ref-Report2015_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flysaa.com/documents/51855150/51859528/SAA+IAR+2015.pdf/a2f72b91-0dde-4c5f-b3aa-6ed7dc6f4726">"South African Airways Group Integrated Annual Report 2015"</a>. South African Airways. 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912102827/https://www.flysaa.com/documents/51855150/51859528/SAA+IAR+2015.pdf/a2f72b91-0dde-4c5f-b3aa-6ed7dc6f4726">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+African+Airways+Group+Integrated+Annual+Report+2015&rft.pub=South+African+Airways&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flysaa.com%2Fdocuments%2F51855150%2F51859528%2FSAA%2BIAR%2B2015.pdf%2Fa2f72b91-0dde-4c5f-b3aa-6ed7dc6f4726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Report2016-131"><a href="#cite_ref-Report2016_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flysaa.com/documents/51855150/51859528/SAA+IAR+2016.pdf/0276a1d0-2848-41bc-a62c-2a5a624605c5">"South African Airways Group Integrated Annual Report 2016"</a>. South African Airways. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912102826/https://www.flysaa.com/documents/51855150/51859528/SAA+IAR+2016.pdf/0276a1d0-2848-41bc-a62c-2a5a624605c5">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+African+Airways+Group+Integrated+Annual+Report+2016&rft.pub=South+African+Airways&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flysaa.com%2Fdocuments%2F51855150%2F51859528%2FSAA%2BIAR%2B2016.pdf%2F0276a1d0-2848-41bc-a62c-2a5a624605c5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flysaa.com/documents/51855150/0/SAA_IAR+combined+29%EF%80%A23%EF%80%A218.pdf/609d66ad-73c9-4fef-98fb-87d6b1262af8">"SAA Integrated Report 2017"</a>. SAA. 31 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180404072952/https://www.flysaa.com/documents/51855150/0/SAA_IAR+combined+29%EF%80%A23%EF%80%A218.pdf/609d66ad-73c9-4fef-98fb-87d6b1262af8">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SAA&rft.atitle=SAA+Integrated+Report+2017&rft.date=2017-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flysaa.com%2Fdocuments%2F51855150%2F0%2FSAA_IAR%2Bcombined%2B29%25EF%2580%25A23%25EF%2580%25A218.pdf%2F609d66ad-73c9-4fef-98fb-87d6b1262af8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moneyweb.co.za/mw/view/mw/en/quotes/page305985?oid=55417&sn=Daily+news+detail&pid=295023">"Another mega fine for SAA"</a>. Moneyweb.co.za. 25 May 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Another+mega+fine+for+SAA&rft.date=2006-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moneyweb.co.za%2Fmw%2Fview%2Fmw%2Fen%2Fquotes%2Fpage305985%3Foid%3D55417%26sn%3DDaily%2Bnews%2Bdetail%26pid%3D295023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110919191411/http://www.southafrica.info/doing_business/businesstoday/businessnews/937115.htm">"SAA pays competition penalty"</a>. Southafrica.info. 6 June 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southafrica.info/doing_business/businesstoday/businessnews/937115.htm">the original</a> on 19 September 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=SAA+pays+competition+penalty&rft.date=2007-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southafrica.info%2Fdoing_business%2Fbusinesstoday%2Fbusinessnews%2F937115.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?from=rss_South%20Africa&set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=nw20070605160330201C894748">"SAA pays competition fine"</a>. iol.co.za. 5 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA+pays+competition+fine&rft.pub=iol.co.za&rft.date=2007-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.int.iol.co.za%2Findex.php%3Ffrom%3Drss_South%2520Africa%26set_id%3D1%26click_id%3D13%26art_id%3Dnw20070605160330201C894748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kulula-bemoans-saa-government-bailouts-1.408795">"Kulula bemoans SAA government bailouts"</a>. IOL News. 17 July 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023002309/http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kulula-bemoans-saa-government-bailouts-1.408795">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kulula+bemoans+SAA+government+bailouts&rft.date=2008-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iol.co.za%2Fnews%2Fsouth-africa%2Fkulula-bemoans-saa-government-bailouts-1.408795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fin1-137"><a href="#cite_ref-fin1_137-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fin24.com/Companies/TravelAndLeisure/No-more-white-cadet-pilots-for-SAA-20120817">"No more white cadet pilots for SAA"</a>. Fin24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120818230431/http://www.fin24.com/Companies/TravelAndLeisure/No-more-white-cadet-pilots-for-SAA-20120817">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+more+white+cadet+pilots+for+SAA&rft.pub=Fin24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fin24.com%2FCompanies%2FTravelAndLeisure%2FNo-more-white-cadet-pilots-for-SAA-20120817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fin24.com/Companies/TravelAndLeisure/SAA-training-policy-evokes-anger-20120817">"SAA training policy evokes anger"</a>. Fin24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120818230436/http://www.fin24.com/Companies/TravelAndLeisure/SAA-training-policy-evokes-anger-20120817">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA+training+policy+evokes+anger&rft.pub=Fin24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fin24.com%2FCompanies%2FTravelAndLeisure%2FSAA-training-policy-evokes-anger-20120817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page71654?oid=320113&sn=Detail&pid=71616">"SAA backtracks on white cadet ban - Solidarity - PARTY"</a>. 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Retrieved 20 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA+backtracks+on+white+cadet+ban+-+Solidarity+-+PARTY&rft.pub=Politicsweb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politicsweb.co.za%2Fpoliticsweb%2Fview%2Fpoliticsweb%2Fen%2Fpage71654%3Foid%3D320113%26sn%3DDetail%26pid%3D71616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fin24.com/Companies/TravelAndLeisure/SAA-lifts-ban-on-white-cadets-20120819-2">"SAA lifts ban on white cadets"</a>. Fin24. 19 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120821012233/http://www.fin24.com/Companies/TravelAndLeisure/SAA-lifts-ban-on-white-cadets-20120819-2">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA+lifts+ban+on+white+cadets&rft.pub=Fin24&rft.date=2012-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fin24.com%2FCompanies%2FTravelAndLeisure%2FSAA-lifts-ban-on-white-cadets-20120819-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flysaa.com/sg/en/flyingSAA/News/SAAs-Cadet-Pilot-Development-Programme-The-facts.html">"News articles"</a>. www.flysaa.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904102024/https://www.flysaa.com/sg/en/flyingSAA/News/SAAs-Cadet-Pilot-Development-Programme-The-facts.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.flysaa.com&rft.atitle=News+articles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flysaa.com%2Fsg%2Fen%2FflyingSAA%2FNews%2FSAAs-Cadet-Pilot-Development-Programme-The-facts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fin24.com/Companies/Industrial/if-myeni-was-delinquent-the-whole-saa-board-was-delinquent-lawyer-20191021">"If Myeni was delinquent, so is the entire SAA board - lawyer"</a>. Fin24. 21 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103150527/https://www.fin24.com/Companies/Industrial/if-myeni-was-delinquent-the-whole-saa-board-was-delinquent-lawyer-20191021">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fin24&rft.atitle=If+Myeni+was+delinquent%2C+so+is+the+entire+SAA+board+-+lawyer&rft.date=2019-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fin24.com%2FCompanies%2FIndustrial%2Fif-myeni-was-delinquent-the-whole-saa-board-was-delinquent-lawyer-20191021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotterill2019" class="citation web cs1">Cotterill, Joseph (15 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/542747a6-07bc-11ea-9afa-d9e2401fa7ca">"President in showdown with unions over South African Airways"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/542747a6-07bc-11ea-9afa-d9e2401fa7ca">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=President+in+showdown+with+unions+over+South+African+Airways&rft.date=2019-11-15&rft.aulast=Cotterill&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F542747a6-07bc-11ea-9afa-d9e2401fa7ca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCronje2019" class="citation web cs1">Cronje, Jan (19 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fin24.com/Companies/Industrial/former-saa-exec-says-dudu-myeni-asked-staff-to-do-illegal-things-20190619">"Former SAA exec says Dudu Myeni asked staff to 'do illegal things'"</a>. Fin24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103150532/https://www.fin24.com/Companies/Industrial/former-saa-exec-says-dudu-myeni-asked-staff-to-do-illegal-things-20190619">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fin24&rft.atitle=Former+SAA+exec+says+Dudu+Myeni+asked+staff+to+%27do+illegal+things%27&rft.date=2019-06-19&rft.aulast=Cronje&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fin24.com%2FCompanies%2FIndustrial%2Fformer-saa-exec-says-dudu-myeni-asked-staff-to-do-illegal-things-20190619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-06-20-lock-her-up-mzansis-verdict-after-dudu-myeni-state-capture-revelations/">"'Lock her up' - Mzansi's verdict after Dudu Myeni state capture revelations"</a>. 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Retrieved 22 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TimesLIVE&rft.atitle=%27Lock+her+up%27+-+Mzansi%27s+verdict+after+Dudu+Myeni+state+capture+revelations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeslive.co.za%2Fnews%2Fsouth-africa%2F2019-06-20-lock-her-up-mzansis-verdict-after-dudu-myeni-state-capture-revelations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkiti2019" class="citation web cs1">Skiti, Sabelo (21 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mg.co.za/article/2019-06-21-00-capture-leaves-sas-talent-in-tatters/">"Capture leaves SA's talent in tatters"</a>. 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SAA Museum Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103150528/http://www.saamuseum.co.za/our-aircraft/43.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SAA+Museum+Society&rft.atitle=Our+Aircraft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saamuseum.co.za%2Four-aircraft%2F43.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rmwc.com/team/coleman-andrews/">"Coleman Andrews"</a>. RMWC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103150530/https://www.rmwc.com/team/coleman-andrews/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coleman+Andrews&rft.pub=RMWC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmwc.com%2Fteam%2Fcoleman-andrews%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF2001-05-01T00:00:00+01:00" class="citation web cs1">2001-05-01T00:00:00+01:00. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/viljoen-seeks-to-put-the-passion-back-into-saa-/37170.article">"Viljoen seeks to put the passion back into SAA | News"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Viljoen+seeks+to+put+the+passion+back+into+SAA+%26%23124%3B+News&rft.pub=Flight+Global&rft.au=2001-05-01T00%3A00%3A00%2B01%3A00&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fviljoen-seeks-to-put-the-passion-back-into-saa-%2F37170.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF2004-07-13T00:00:00+01:00" class="citation web cs1">2004-07-13T00:00:00+01:00. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/turmoil-at-saa-as-chief-resigns/55374.article">"Turmoil at SAA as chief resigns | News"</a>. Flight Global. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103150532/https://www.flightglobal.com/turmoil-at-saa-as-chief-resigns/55374.article">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turmoil+at+SAA+as+chief+resigns+%26%23124%3B+News&rft.pub=Flight+Global&rft.au=2004-07-13T00%3A00%3A00%2B01%3A00&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fturmoil-at-saa-as-chief-resigns%2F55374.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pmg.org.za/committee-meeting/9995/">"Termination of Contract of Employment of Mr Khaya Ngqula, Former Chief Executive Officer of SAA: Committee Inquiry"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA+appoints+Chris+Smyth+as+acting+CEO&rft.pub=Engineeringnews.co.za&rft.date=2009-02-13&rft.au=Mariaan+Webb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineeringnews.co.za%2Farticle%2Fsaa-appoints-chris-smyth-as-acting-ceo-2009-02-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDomestic_Flights_South_Africa2012" class="citation web cs1">Domestic Flights South Africa (9 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/534/83063.html">"SAA CEO Siza Mzimela quits"</a>. Bizcommunity.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103150533/https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/534/83063.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA+CEO+Siza+Mzimela+quits&rft.pub=Bizcommunity.com&rft.date=2012-10-09&rft.au=Domestic+Flights+South+Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizcommunity.com%2FArticle%2F196%2F534%2F83063.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://centreforaviation.com/analysis/reports/south-african-airways-hits-a-new-low-with-the-suspension-of-acting-ceo-vuyisile-kona-98087">"South African Airways hits a new low with the suspension of acting CEO Vuyisile Kona | CAPA"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+African+Airways+hits+a+new+low+with+the+suspension+of+acting+CEO+Vuyisile+Kona+%26%23124%3B+CAPA&rft.pub=Centreforaviation.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcentreforaviation.com%2Fanalysis%2Freports%2Fsouth-african-airways-hits-a-new-low-with-the-suspension-of-acting-ceo-vuyisile-kona-98087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polity.org.za/print-version/saa-suspends-acting-ceo-2013-02-12">"SAA suspends acting CEO, Bezuidenhout to oversee operations"</a>. Polity. 12 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103150532/https://www.polity.org.za/print-version/saa-suspends-acting-ceo-2013-02-12">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA+suspends+acting+CEO%2C+Bezuidenhout+to+oversee+operations&rft.pub=Polity&rft.date=2013-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polity.org.za%2Fprint-version%2Fsaa-suspends-acting-ceo-2013-02-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mg.co.za/article/2015-04-24-saas-kalawe-resigns-as-ceo/">"SAA's Kalawe resigns as CEO - The Mail & Guardian"</a>. 24 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103150529/https://mg.co.za/article/2015-04-24-saas-kalawe-resigns-as-ceo/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA%27s+Kalawe+resigns+as+CEO+-+The+Mail+%26+Guardian&rft.date=2015-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmg.co.za%2Farticle%2F2015-04-24-saas-kalawe-resigns-as-ceo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/business/2015-07-30-saa-acting-ceo-nico-bezuidenhout-returns-to-mango/">"SAA acting CEO Nico Bezuidenhout returns to Mango"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103150534/https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/business/2015-07-30-saa-acting-ceo-nico-bezuidenhout-returns-to-mango/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA+acting+CEO+Nico+Bezuidenhout+returns+to+Mango&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeslive.co.za%2Fsunday-times%2Fbusiness%2F2015-07-30-saa-acting-ceo-nico-bezuidenhout-returns-to-mango%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis" class="citation web cs1">Davis, Gaye. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ewn.co.za/topic/saa-acting-ceo-thuli-mpshe">"Saa acting ceo thuli mpshe"</a>. Ewn.co.za. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103152031/https://ewn.co.za/topic/saa-acting-ceo-thuli-mpshe">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. 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Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA+CEO+Vuyani+Jarana+resigns+%26%23124%3B+Fin24&rft.pub=News24.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2Ffin24%2FEconomy%2Fsaa-ceo-vuyani-jarana-resigns-20190602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/vuyani-jarana-appointed-saa-ceo">"Vuyani Jarana appointed as SAA CEO"</a>. SAnews. 1 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103150542/https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/vuyani-jarana-appointed-saa-ceo">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vuyani+Jarana+appointed+as+SAA+CEO&rft.pub=SAnews&rft.date=2017-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanews.gov.za%2Fsouth-africa%2Fvuyani-jarana-appointed-saa-ceo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news24.com/fin24/companies/industrial/saa-acting-ceo-zuks-ramasia-to-retire-early-20200326-3">"SAA acting CEO Zuks Ramasia to retire early | Fin24"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA+acting+CEO+Zuks+Ramasia+to+retire+early+%26%23124%3B+Fin24&rft.pub=News24.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2Ffin24%2Fcompanies%2Findustrial%2Fsaa-acting-ceo-zuks-ramasia-to-retire-early-20200326-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mybroadband.co.za/news/government/380892-saa-to-lose-its-11th-ceo-in-11-years-report.html">"SAA to lose its 11th CEO in 11 years – Report"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103150547/https://mybroadband.co.za/news/government/380892-saa-to-lose-its-11th-ceo-in-11-years-report.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA+to+lose+its+11th+CEO+in+11+years+%E2%80%93+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmybroadband.co.za%2Fnews%2Fgovernment%2F380892-saa-to-lose-its-11th-ceo-in-11-years-report.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kgokolo-167"><a href="#cite_ref-Kgokolo_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2021-04-14-saa-appoints-thomas-kgokolo-as-interim-ceo/">"SAA appoints Thomas Kgokolo as interim CEO"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103150536/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2021-04-14-saa-appoints-thomas-kgokolo-as-interim-ceo/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. 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Retrieved 19 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OUTA.co.za&rft.atitle=CHALLENGING+DUDU+MYENI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fouta.co.za%2Fprojects%2Ftransport%2Fdudu-myeni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-moneyweb.co.za-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moneyweb.co.za_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-moneyweb.co.za_170-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moneyweb.co.za/moneyweb-opinion/columnists/the-npa-should-investigate-the-allegations-against-dudu-myeni/">"The NPA should investigate the allegations against Dudu Myeni"</a>. Moneyweb.co.za. 2 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200321151415/https://www.moneyweb.co.za/moneyweb-opinion/columnists/the-npa-should-investigate-the-allegations-against-dudu-myeni/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moneyweb.co.za&rft.atitle=The+NPA+should+investigate+the+allegations+against+Dudu+Myeni&rft.date=2020-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moneyweb.co.za%2Fmoneyweb-opinion%2Fcolumnists%2Fthe-npa-should-investigate-the-allegations-against-dudu-myeni%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outa.co.za/web/content/79919">"HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA CASE NO: 15996/17 PLAINTIFFS' OPENING STATEMENT"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OUTA.co.za&rft.atitle=HIGH+COURT+OF+SOUTH+AFRICA+CASE+NO%3A+15996%2F17+PLAINTIFFS%27+CLOSING+ADDRESS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outa.co.za%2Fweb%2Fcontent%2F88947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outa.co.za/blog/newsroom-1/post/block-dudu-myeni-from-directorships-for-life-outa-and-saapa-ask-court-852">"Myeni was dishonest, obstructive and ignored good-governance principles while she chaired the SAA board"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=outa.co.za&rft.atitle=Victory+for+civil+society%3A+Dudu+Myeni+declared+delinquent+director+for+life&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outa.co.za%2Fblog%2Fnewsroom-1%2Fpost%2Fvictory-for-civil-society-dudu-myeni-declared-delinquent-director-for-life-907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fin24.com/Companies/Industrial/just-in-former-saa-chair-dudu-myeni-declared-delinquent-director-20200527">"Former SAA chair Dudu Myeni declared delinquent director"</a>. fin24.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200531200535/https://www.fin24.com/Companies/Industrial/just-in-former-saa-chair-dudu-myeni-declared-delinquent-director-20200527">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2020. 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Bundesstelle für Flugunfalluntersuchung - Abschlussberichte (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230714065225/https://www.bfu-web.de/DE/Publikationen/Untersuchungsberichte/2023/Bericht_18-1626-FX_A340_Clariden.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesstelle+f%C3%BCr+Flugunfalluntersuchung+-+Abschlussberichte&rft.atitle=Untersuchungsbericht+%5BAktenzeichen%3A+BFU18-1626-FX%5D&rft.date=2023-06-12&rft.aulast=Kretschmer&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfu-web.de%2FDE%2FPublikationen%2FUntersuchungsberichte%2F2023%2FBericht_18-1626-FX_A340_Clariden.pdf%3F__blob%3DpublicationFile%26v%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2021-03-23-saa-probed-after-extraordinarily-dangerous-take-off">"SAA probed after 'extraordinarily dangerous' take-off"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210323043233/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2021-03-23-saa-probed-after-extraordinarily-dangerous-take-off/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA+probed+after+%27extraordinarily+dangerous%27+take-off&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesslive.co.za%2Fbd%2Fnational%2F2021-03-23-saa-probed-after-extraordinarily-dangerous-take-off&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReporter2022" class="citation web cs1">Reporter, Citizen (12 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/flysafair-plane-saa-accident-or-tambo-airport-12-november-2022/">"FlySafair plane struck by SAA aircraft in parking accident at OR Tambo airport"</a>. The Citizen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221120134324/https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/flysafair-plane-saa-accident-or-tambo-airport-12-november-2022/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Citizen&rft.atitle=FlySafair+plane+struck+by+SAA+aircraft+in+parking+accident+at+OR+Tambo+airport&rft.date=2022-11-12&rft.aulast=Reporter&rft.aufirst=Citizen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citizen.co.za%2Fnews%2Fsouth-africa%2Fflysafair-plane-saa-accident-or-tambo-airport-12-november-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHead2022" class="citation web cs1">Head, Tom (13 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/breaking-or-tambo-collision-sleeping-saa-flysafair-13-november/">"SAA technician accused of 'sleeping' during OR Tambo collision"</a>. The South African. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221120135811/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/breaking-or-tambo-collision-sleeping-saa-flysafair-13-november/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+South+African&rft.atitle=SAA+technician+accused+of+%27sleeping%27+during+OR+Tambo+collision&rft.date=2022-11-13&rft.aulast=Head&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesouthafrican.com%2Fnews%2Fbreaking-or-tambo-collision-sleeping-saa-flysafair-13-november%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flysaa.com/about-us/leading-carrier/media-center/media-releases/newsroom">"Newsroom – South African Airways"</a>. flysaa.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180307130306/https://www.flysaa.com/about-us/leading-carrier/media-center/media-releases/newsroom">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=flysaa.com&rft.atitle=Newsroom+%E2%80%93+South+African+Airways&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flysaa.com%2Fabout-us%2Fleading-carrier%2Fmedia-center%2Fmedia-releases%2Fnewsroom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMthethwa" class="citation web cs1">Mthethwa, Cebelihle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/flysafair-aircraft-struck-by-wingtip-of-saa-airbus-at-or-tambo-airport-20221112">"FlySafair aircraft struck by wingtip of SAA Airbus at OR Tambo airport"</a>. News24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221120134310/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/flysafair-aircraft-struck-by-wingtip-of-saa-airbus-at-or-tambo-airport-20221112">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News24&rft.atitle=FlySafair+aircraft+struck+by+wingtip+of+SAA+Airbus+at+OR+Tambo+airport&rft.aulast=Mthethwa&rft.aufirst=Cebelihle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2Fnews24%2Fsouthafrica%2Fnews%2Fflysafair-aircraft-struck-by-wingtip-of-saa-airbus-at-or-tambo-airport-20221112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarson1982" class="citation book cs1">Marson, Peter J. (1982). The Lockheed Constellation Series. Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85130-100-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-85130-100-2"><bdi>0-85130-100-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lockheed+Constellation+Series&rft.pub=Air-Britain+%28Historians%29+Ltd&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-85130-100-2&rft.aulast=Marson&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saamuseum.co.za/saa-history.html">"South African Airways: A Brief History"</a>. SAA Museum Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+African+Airways%3A+A+Brief+History&rft.pub=SAA+Museum+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saamuseum.co.za%2Fsaa-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wommusic.com/2013/05/south-african-airways-fubar/">"South African Airways = FUBAR"</a>. Word of Mouth Music.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+African+Airways+%3D+FUBAR&rft.pub=Word+of+Mouth+Music&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wommusic.com%2F2013%2F05%2Fsouth-african-airways-fubar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outa.co.za/projects/transport/saa">"OUTA – SOUTH AFRICAN AIRWAYS (SAA) & BNP CAPITAL"</a>. Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OUTA+%E2%80%93+SOUTH+AFRICAN+AIRWAYS+%28SAA%29+%26+BNP+CAPITAL&rft.pub=Organisation+Undoing+Tax+Abuse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fouta.co.za%2Fprojects%2Ftransport%2Fsaa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outa.co.za/projects/transport/dudu-myeni">"OUTA – CHALLENGING DUDU MYENI"</a>. Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OUTA+%E2%80%93+CHALLENGING+DUDU+MYENI&rft.pub=Organisation+Undoing+Tax+Abuse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fouta.co.za%2Fprojects%2Ftransport%2Fdudu-myeni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Airways" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Airways&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:South_African_Airways" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:South African Airways">South African Airways</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flysaa.com">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19971210132601/http://www.saa.co.za:80/saa/frameset_main_contents.html">South African Airways</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 10 December 1997)</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 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alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/21px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/32px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/42px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Africa" title="Portal:South Africa">South Africa</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/29px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/38px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South_African_Airways" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_African_Airways" title="Template:South African Airways"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_African_Airways" title="Template talk:South African Airways"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_African_Airways" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South African Airways"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South_African_Airways" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South African Airways</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Museum_Society" title="South African Airways Museum Society">South African Airways Museum Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_406" title="South African Airways Flight 406">SA406</a> (1967; 25 fatalities)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_228" title="South African Airways Flight 228">SA228</a> (1968; 123 fatalities)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_295" title="South African Airways Flight 295">SA295</a> (1987; 159 fatalities)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_destinations" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Airways destinations">Destinations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mango_(airline)" title="Mango (airline)">Mango</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Airlines_of_South_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Airlines_of_South_Africa" title="Template:Airlines of South Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Airlines_of_South_Africa" title="Template talk:Airlines of South Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Airlines_of_South_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Airlines of South Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Airlines_of_South_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Airlines of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airlink" title="Airlink">Airlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlySafair" title="FlySafair">FlySafair</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South African Airways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CemAir" title="CemAir">CemAir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civair" title="Civair">Civair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comair_Flight_Services" title="Comair Flight Services">Comair Flight Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egoli_Air" title="Egoli Air">Egoli Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Air" title="Federal Air">Federal Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Aviation" title="Global Aviation">Global Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIFT_(airline)" title="LIFT (airline)">LIFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Airways_Corporation" title="National Airways Corporation">National Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_Air" title="Norse Air">Norse Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebus_Apollo_Aviation" title="Phoebus Apollo Aviation">Phoebus Apollo Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safair" title="Safair">Safair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solenta_Aviation" title="Solenta Aviation">Solenta Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Air_(South_Africa)" title="Star Air (South Africa)">Star Air</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cargo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airlink_Cargo" title="Airlink Cargo">Airlink Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BidAir_Cargo" title="BidAir Cargo">BidAir Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safair" title="Safair">Safair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_airlines_of_South_Africa" title="List of defunct airlines of South Africa">Defunct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1time" title="1time">1time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerolift" title="Aerolift">Aerolift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirQuarius_Aviation" title="AirQuarius Aviation">AirQuarius Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciskei_International_Airways" title="Ciskei International Airways">Ciskei International Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comair_(South_Africa)" title="Comair (South Africa)">Comair</a> (operating as <a href="/wiki/British_Airways" title="British Airways">British Airways</a> <a href="/wiki/Franchising" title="Franchising">franchise</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flitestar" title="Flitestar">Flitestar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_Blue_Crane" title="Fly Blue Crane">Fly Blue Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Air_Cargo" title="Imperial Air Cargo">Imperial Air Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interair_South_Africa" title="Interair South Africa">Interair South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulula.com" title="Kulula.com">Kulula.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_(airline)" title="Mango (airline)">Mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Airlines_(South_Africa)" title="Nationwide Airlines (South Africa)">Nationwide Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturelink_Aviation" title="Naturelink Aviation">Naturelink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Airways_(South_Africa)" title="Phoenix Airways (South Africa)">Phoenix Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovos_Air" title="Rovos Air">Rovos Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skywise_(airline)" title="Skywise (airline)">Skywise</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South African Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Express" title="South African Express">South African Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Air_(South_Africa)" title="Sun Air (South Africa)">Sun Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trek_Airways" title="Trek Airways">Trek Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Sky_(airline)" title="Velvet Sky (airline)">Velvet Sky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_Star_Alliance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Star_Alliance" title="Template:Star Alliance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Star_Alliance" title="Template talk:Star Alliance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Star_Alliance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Star Alliance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_Star_Alliance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of <a href="/wiki/Star_Alliance" title="Star Alliance">Star Alliance</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founder members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Airways_International" title="Thai Airways International">Thai Airways International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Airlines" title="Aegean Airlines">Aegean Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_China" title="Air China">Air China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_India" title="Air India">Air India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_New_Zealand" title="Air New Zealand">Air New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Nippon_Airways" title="All Nippon Airways">All Nippon Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiana_Airlines" title="Asiana Airlines">Asiana Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Airlines" title="Austrian Airlines">Austrian Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avianca" title="Avianca">Avianca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Airlines" title="Brussels Airlines">Brussels Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copa_Airlines" title="Copa Airlines">Copa Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_Airlines" title="Croatia Airlines">Croatia Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptair" title="Egyptair">Egyptair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Ethiopian Airlines">Ethiopian Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EVA_Air" title="EVA Air">EVA Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOT_Polish_Airlines" title="LOT Polish Airlines">LOT Polish Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Airlines" title="Shenzhen Airlines">Shenzhen Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Airlines" title="Singapore Airlines">Singapore Airlines</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South African Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_International_Air_Lines" title="Swiss International Air Lines">Swiss International Air Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAP_Air_Portugal" title="TAP Air Portugal">TAP Air Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines" title="Turkish Airlines">Turkish Airlines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Canada_Express" title="Air Canada Express">Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Canada_Jetz" title="Air Canada Jetz">Jetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Canada_Rouge" title="Air Canada Rouge">Rouge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_India_Express" title="Air India Express">Air India Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Japan" title="Air Japan">Air Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_New_Zealand_Link" title="Air New Zealand Link">Air New Zealand Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airlink" title="Airlink">Airlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANA_Wings" title="ANA Wings">ANA Wings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AJet" title="AJet">AJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avianca" title="Avianca">Avianca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avianca_Costa_Rica" title="Avianca Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avianca_Ecuador" title="Avianca Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avianca_El_Salvador" title="Avianca El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avianca_Express" title="Avianca Express">Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avianca_Guatemala" title="Avianca Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avianca_Honduras" title="Avianca Honduras">Honduras</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copa_Airlines_Colombia" title="Copa Airlines Colombia">Copa Airlines Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufthansa_Regional" title="Lufthansa Regional">Lufthansa Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Air" title="Olympic Air">Olympic Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAP_Express" title="TAP Express">TAP Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uni_Air" title="Uni Air">Uni Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Express" title="United Express">United Express</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_Star_Alliance.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Logo_of_Star_Alliance.svg/100px-Logo_of_Star_Alliance.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Logo_of_Star_Alliance.svg/150px-Logo_of_Star_Alliance.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Logo_of_Star_Alliance.svg/200px-Logo_of_Star_Alliance.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="115" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intermodal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connecting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juneyao_Air" title="Juneyao Air">Juneyao Air</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adria_Airways" title="Adria Airways">Adria Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansett_Australia" title="Ansett Australia">Ansett Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue1" title="Blue1">Blue1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Midland_International" title="British Midland International">British Midland International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Airlines" title="Continental Airlines">Continental Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicana_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Mexicana de Aviación">Mexicana de Aviación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines" title="Scandinavian Airlines">Scandinavian Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Airlines" title="Shanghai Airlines">Shanghai Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanair" title="Spanair">Spanair</a></li> <li>TAM <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LATAM_Brasil" class="mw-redirect" title="LATAM Brasil">Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LATAM_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="LATAM Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Airways" title="US Airways">US Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varig" title="Varig">Varig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_African_Airlines_Association_(AFRAA)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_Airlines_Association" title="Template:African Airlines Association"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_Airlines_Association" title="Template talk:African Airlines Association"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_Airlines_Association" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African Airlines Association"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_African_Airlines_Association_(AFRAA)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/African_Airlines_Association" title="African Airlines Association">African Airlines Association (AFRAA)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AB_Aviation" title="AB Aviation">AB Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afriqiyah_Airways" title="Afriqiyah Airways">Afriqiyah Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Alg%C3%A9rie" title="Air Algérie">Air Algérie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Botswana" title="Air Botswana">Air Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Burkina" title="Air Burkina">Air Burkina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Djibouti" title="Air Djibouti">Air Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Madagascar">Air Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Mauritius" title="Air Mauritius">Air Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Peace" title="Air Peace">Air Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Senegal" title="Air Senegal">Air Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Tanzania" title="Air Tanzania">Air Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Zimbabwe" title="Air Zimbabwe">Air Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Air" title="Allied Air">Allied Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asky_Airlines" title="Asky Airlines">ASKY Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astral_Aviation" title="Astral Aviation">Astral Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_Airlines" title="Badr Airlines">Badr Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabo_Verde_Airlines" title="Cabo Verde Airlines">Cabo Verde Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camair-Co" title="Camair-Co">Camair-Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEIBA_Intercontinental" title="CEIBA Intercontinental">CEIBA Intercontinental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Airways" title="Congo Airways">Congo Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronos_Airlines" title="Cronos Airlines">Cronos Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptair" title="Egyptair">Egyptair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Ethiopian Airlines">Ethiopian Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Express_Air_Cargo" title="Express Air Cargo">Express Air Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubba_Airways" title="Jubba Airways">Jubba Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Airways" title="Kenya Airways">Kenya Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAM_Mozambique_Airlines" title="LAM Mozambique Airlines">LAM Mozambique Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Airlines" title="Libyan Airlines">Libyan Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania_Airlines" title="Mauritania Airlines">Mauritania Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_Air" title="Nile Air">Nile Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelair" title="Nouvelair">Nouvelair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overland_Airways" title="Overland Airways">Overland Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Air" title="Precision Air">Precision Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Maroc" title="Royal Air Maroc">Royal Air Maroc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RwandAir" title="RwandAir">RwandAir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safarilink_Aviation" title="Safarilink Aviation">Safarilink Aviation</a></li> <li>Safe Air Company</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South African Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_Airways" title="Sudan Airways">Sudan Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syphax_Airlines" title="Syphax Airlines">Syphax Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAAG_Angola_Airlines" title="TAAG Angola Airlines">TAAG Angola Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tassili_Airlines" title="Tassili Airlines">Tassili Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisair" title="Tunisair">Tunisair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Airlines" title="Uganda Airlines">Uganda Airlines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Burundi" title="Air Burundi">Air Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Namibia" title="Air Namibia">Air Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Congo_Airlines" title="Equatorial Congo Airlines">ECAir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Airways" title="Ghana Airways">Ghana Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_International_Airlines" title="Ghana International Airlines">Ghana International Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interair_South_Africa" title="Interair South Africa">Interair South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Express" title="South African Express">South African Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starbow" title="Starbow">Starbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touma%C3%AF_Air_Tchad" title="Toumaï Air Tchad">Toumaï Air Tchad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_22x22px_International_Air_Transport_Association" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IATA_members" title="Template:IATA members"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IATA_members" title="Template talk:IATA members"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IATA_members" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IATA members"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_22x22px_International_Air_Transport_Association" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/File:Iata_logo_225.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iata_logo_225.svg/22px-Iata_logo_225.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iata_logo_225.svg/33px-Iata_logo_225.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iata_logo_225.svg/44px-Iata_logo_225.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="330" /></a> <a href="/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association" title="International Air Transport Association">International Air Transport Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa_and_the_Middle_East_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Africa and the Middle East Region</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_World_Airlines" title="Africa World Airlines">Africa World Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AfriJet" title="AfriJet">AfriJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Alg%C3%A9rie" title="Air Algérie">Air Algérie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Arabia" title="Air Arabia">Air Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Botswana" title="Air Botswana">Air Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Burkina" title="Air Burkina">Air Burkina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Cairo" title="Air Cairo">Air Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Madagascar">Air Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Mauritius" title="Air Mauritius">Air Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Peace" title="Air Peace">Air Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Seychelles" title="Air Seychelles">Air Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Tanzania" title="Air Tanzania">Air Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airlink" title="Airlink">Airlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Air" title="Allied Air">Allied Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlMasria_Universal_Airlines" title="AlMasria Universal Airlines">AlMasria Universal Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asky_Airlines" title="Asky Airlines">ASKY Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_Airlines" title="Badr Airlines">Badr Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camair-Co" title="Camair-Co">Camair-Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Airways" title="Congo Airways">Congo Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHL_International_Aviation_ME" title="DHL International Aviation ME">DHL International Aviation ME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptair" title="Egyptair">Egyptair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_(airline)" title="Emirates (airline)">Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Ethiopian Airlines">Ethiopian Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etihad_Airways" title="Etihad Airways">Etihad Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_Baghdad" title="Fly Baghdad">Fly Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flydubai" title="Flydubai">Flydubai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlyEgypt" title="FlyEgypt">FlyEgypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flynas" title="Flynas">Flynas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Air" title="Gulf Air">Gulf Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Air" title="Iran Air">Iran Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Airtour" title="Iran Airtour">Iran Airtour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Aseman_Airlines" title="Iran Aseman Airlines">Iran Aseman Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazeera_Airways" title="Jazeera Airways">Jazeera Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Aviation" title="Jordan Aviation">Jordan Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kam_Air" title="Kam Air">Kam Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Airways" title="Kenya Airways">Kenya Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Airways" title="Kuwait Airways">Kuwait Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAM_Mozambique_Airlines" title="LAM Mozambique Airlines">LAM Mozambique Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania_Airlines" title="Mauritania Airlines">Mauritania Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Airlines" title="Middle East Airlines">Middle East Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesma_Airlines" title="Nesma Airlines">Nesma Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_Air" title="Nile Air">Nile Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelair" title="Nouvelair">Nouvelair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman_Air" title="Oman Air">Oman Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overland_Airways" title="Overland Airways">Overland Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Air" title="Precision Air">Precision Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Airways" title="Qatar Airways">Qatar Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Maroc" title="Royal Air Maroc">Royal Air Maroc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Jordanian" title="Royal Jordanian">Royal Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RwandAir" title="RwandAir">RwandAir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safair" title="Safair">Safair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudia" title="Saudia">Saudia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South African Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Air" title="Syrian Air">Syrian Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAAG_Angola_Airlines" title="TAAG Angola Airlines">TAAG Angola Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tassili_Airlines" title="Tassili Airlines">Tassili Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisair" title="Tunisair">Tunisair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Asia-Pacific_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Asia-Pacific Region</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Cal%C3%A9donie" title="Air Calédonie">Air Calédonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_India" title="Air India">Air India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_New_Zealand" title="Air New Zealand">Air New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Niugini" title="Air Niugini">Air Niugini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Tahiti" title="Air Tahiti">Air Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Tahiti_Nui" title="Air Tahiti Nui">Air Tahiti Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircalin" title="Aircalin">Aircalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Nippon_Airways" title="All Nippon Airways">All Nippon Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiana_Airlines" title="Asiana Airlines">Asiana Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_Airways" title="Bamboo Airways">Bamboo Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Airways" title="Bangkok Airways">Bangkok Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batik_Air" title="Batik Air">Batik Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batik_Air_Malaysia" title="Batik Air Malaysia">Batik Air Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biman_Bangladesh_Airlines" title="Biman Bangladesh Airlines">Biman Bangladesh Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia_Angkor_Air" title="Cambodia Angkor Air">Cambodia Angkor Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_Pacific" title="Cebu Pacific">Cebu Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji_Airways" title="Fiji Airways">Fiji Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Indonesia" title="Garuda Indonesia">Garuda Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IndiGo" title="IndiGo">IndiGo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Airlines" title="Japan Airlines">Japan Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Transocean_Air" title="Japan Transocean Air">Japan Transocean Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeju_Air" title="Jeju Air">Jeju Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Air" title="Jin Air">Jin Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air" title="Korean Air">Korean Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Airlines" title="Lao Airlines">Lao Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines" title="Malaysia Airlines">Malaysia Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Airways_International" title="Myanmar Airways International">Myanmar Airways International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Cargo_Airlines" title="Nippon Cargo Airlines">Nippon Cargo Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_International_Airlines" title="Pakistan International Airlines">Pakistan International Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Airlines" title="Philippine Airlines">Philippine Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qantas" title="Qantas">Qantas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Airlines" title="Royal Brunei Airlines">Royal Brunei Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoot" title="Scoot">Scoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Airlines" title="Singapore Airlines">Singapore Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Airlines" title="Solomon Airlines">Solomon Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpiceJet" title="SpiceJet">SpiceJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SriLankan_Airlines" title="SriLankan Airlines">SriLankan Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%27way_Air" title="T'way Air">T'way Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Airways_International" title="Thai Airways International">Thai Airways International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Lion_Air" title="Thai Lion Air">Thai Lion Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Smile" title="Thai Smile">Thai Smile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VietJet_Air" title="VietJet Air">VietJet Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Airlines" title="Vietnam Airlines">Vietnam Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Australia" title="Virgin Australia">Virgin Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistara" title="Vistara">Vistara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="China_and_North_Asia_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">China and North Asia Region</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Changan" title="Air Changan">Air Changan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_China" title="Air China">Air China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Guilin" title="Air Guilin">Air Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Koryo" title="Air Koryo">Air Koryo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Macau" title="Air Macau">Air Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Capital_Airlines" title="Beijing Capital Airlines">Beijing Capital Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathay_Pacific" title="Cathay Pacific">Cathay Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Airlines" title="China Airlines">China Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Cargo_Airlines" title="China Cargo Airlines">China Cargo Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Eastern_Airlines" title="China Eastern Airlines">China Eastern Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Express_Airlines" title="China Express Airlines">China Express Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Postal_Airlines" title="China Postal Airlines">China Postal Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Southern_Airlines" title="China Southern Airlines">China Southern Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EVA_Air" title="EVA Air">EVA Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_Airlines" title="Fuzhou Airlines">Fuzhou Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GX_Airlines" title="GX Airlines">GX Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Airlines" title="Hainan Airlines">Hainan Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei_Airlines" title="Hebei Airlines">Hebei Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Airlines" title="Hong Kong Airlines">Hong Kong Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HK_Express" title="HK Express">Hong Kong Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneyao_Air" title="Juneyao Air">Juneyao Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming_Airlines" title="Kunming Airlines">Kunming Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loong_Air" title="Loong Air">Loong Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Air" title="Lucky Air">Lucky Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Airlines" title="Mandarin Airlines">Mandarin Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIAT_Mongolian_Airlines" title="MIAT Mongolian Airlines">MIAT Mongolian Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okay_Airways" title="Okay Airways">Okay Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruili_Airlines" title="Ruili Airlines">Ruili Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SF_Airlines" title="SF Airlines">SF Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Airlines" title="Shandong Airlines">Shandong Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Airlines" title="Shanghai Airlines">Shanghai Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Airlines" title="Shenzhen Airlines">Shenzhen Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Airlines" title="Sichuan Airlines">Sichuan Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suparna_Airlines" title="Suparna Airlines">Suparna Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_Airlines" title="Tianjin Airlines">Tianjin Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uni_Air" title="Uni Air">UNI Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urumqi_Air" title="Urumqi Air">Urumqi Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Air_(China)" title="West Air (China)">West Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XiamenAir" title="XiamenAir">XiamenAir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YTO_Cargo_Airlines" title="YTO Cargo Airlines">YTO Cargo Airlines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Europe_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Europe Region</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Airlines" title="Aegean Airlines">Aegean Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aer_Lingus" title="Aer Lingus">Aer Lingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Astana" title="Air Astana">Air Astana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Austral" title="Air Austral">Air Austral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirBaltic" title="AirBaltic">airBaltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Cara%C3%AFbes" title="Air Caraïbes">Air Caraïbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Corsica" title="Air Corsica">Air Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Dolomiti" title="Air Dolomiti">Air Dolomiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Europa" title="Air Europa">Air Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Malta" title="Air Malta">Air Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Moldova" title="Air Moldova">Air Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Montenegro" title="Air Montenegro">Air Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Nostrum" title="Air Nostrum">Air Nostrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Serbia" title="Air Serbia">Air Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirBridgeCargo" title="AirBridgeCargo">AirBridgeCargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlbaStar" title="AlbaStar">AlbaStar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amapola_Flyg" class="mw-redirect" title="Amapola Flyg">Amapola Flyg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amelia_(Regourd_Aviation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amelia (Regourd Aviation) (page does not exist)">Amelia (Regourd Aviation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APG_Airlines" title="APG Airlines">APG Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkia" title="Arkia">Arkia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASL_Airlines_Belgium" title="ASL Airlines Belgium">ASL Airlines Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASL_Airlines_France" title="ASL Airlines France">ASL Airlines France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASL_Airlines_Ireland" title="ASL Airlines Ireland">ASL Airlines Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Airways" title="Atlantic Airways">Atlantic Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Airlines" title="Austrian Airlines">Austrian Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Airlines" title="Azerbaijan Airlines">Azerbaijan Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azores_Airlines" title="Azores Airlines">Azores Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belavia" title="Belavia">Belavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binter_Canarias" title="Binter Canarias">Binter Canarias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braathens_Regional_Aviation" title="Braathens Regional Aviation">Braathens Regional Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airways" title="British Airways">British Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Airlines" title="Brussels Airlines">Brussels Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_Air" title="Bulgaria Air">Bulgaria Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargolux" title="Cargolux">Cargolux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpatair" title="Carpatair">Carpatair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenge_Airlines_IL" title="Challenge Airlines IL">Challenge Airlines IL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CityJet" title="CityJet">CityJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condor_(airline)" title="Condor (airline)">Condor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corendon_Airlines" title="Corendon Airlines">Corendon Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsair_International" title="Corsair International">Corsair International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_Airlines" title="Croatia Airlines">Croatia Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Airways" title="Cyprus Airways">Cyprus Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Airlines" title="Czech Airlines">Czech Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHL_Air_UK" title="DHL Air UK">DHL Air UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Airways" title="Eastern Airways">Eastern Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edelweiss_Air" title="Edelweiss Air">Edelweiss Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Al" title="El Al">El Al</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuroAtlantic_Airways" title="EuroAtlantic Airways">EuroAtlantic Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Air_Transport_Leipzig" title="European Air Transport Leipzig">European Air Transport Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurowings" title="Eurowings">Eurowings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnair" title="Finnair">Finnair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlyOne" title="FlyOne">FlyOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freebird_Airlines" title="Freebird Airlines">Freebird Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Bee" title="French Bee">French Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Airways" title="Georgian Airways">Georgian Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi_Fly_(airline)" title="Hi Fly (airline)">Hi Fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberia_(airline)" title="Iberia (airline)">Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberojet_(airline)" title="Iberojet (airline)">Iberojet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandair" title="Icelandair">Icelandair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israir" title="Israir">Israir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITA_Airways" title="ITA Airways">ITA Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLM" title="KLM">KLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Compagnie" title="La Compagnie">La Compagnie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOT_Polish_Airlines" title="LOT Polish Airlines">LOT Polish Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lufthansa_Cargo" title="Lufthansa Cargo">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufthansa_CityLine" title="Lufthansa CityLine">CityLine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxair" title="Luxair">Luxair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinair" title="Martinair">Martinair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MNG_Airlines" title="MNG Airlines">MNG Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neos_(airline)" title="Neos (airline)">Neos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NordStar" title="NordStar">NordStar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordwind_Airlines" title="Nordwind Airlines">Nordwind Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Air" title="Olympic Air">Olympic Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegas_Fly" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegas Fly">Pegas Fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_Airlines" title="Pegasus Airlines">Pegasus Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portug%C3%A1lia_Airlines" title="Portugália Airlines">Portugália Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poste_Air_Cargo" title="Poste Air Cargo">Poste Air Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privilege_Style" title="Privilege Style">Privilege Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazaq_Air" title="Qazaq Air">Qazaq Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossiya_Airlines" title="Rossiya Airlines">Rossiya Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RusLine" title="RusLine">RusLine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S7_Airlines" title="S7 Airlines">S7 Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATA_Air_A%C3%A7ores" title="SATA Air Açores">SATA Air Açores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines" title="Scandinavian Airlines">Scandinavian Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCAT_Airlines" title="SCAT Airlines">SCAT Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Way_West_Airlines" title="Silk Way West Airlines">Silk Way West Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartavia" title="Smartavia">Smartavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartwings" title="Smartwings">Smartwings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somon_Air" title="Somon Air">Somon Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SunExpress" title="SunExpress">SunExpress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_International_Air_Lines" title="Swiss International Air Lines">Swiss International Air Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAP_Air_Portugal" title="TAP Air Portugal">TAP Air Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAROM" title="TAROM">TAROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TUI_fly_Deutschland" title="TUI fly Deutschland">TUIfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines" title="Turkish Airlines">Turkish Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_International_Airlines" title="Ukraine International Airlines">Ukraine International Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Airlines" title="Ural Airlines">Ural Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utair" title="Utair">Utair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan_Airways" title="Uzbekistan Airways">Uzbekistan Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic" title="Virgin Atlantic">Virgin Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volotea" title="Volotea">Volotea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vueling" title="Vueling">Vueling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wamos_Air" title="Wamos Air">Wamos Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Airways" title="White Airways">White Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wider%C3%B8e" title="Widerøe">Widerøe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World2Fly" title="World2Fly">World2Fly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="The_Americas_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The Americas Region</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABX_Air" title="ABX Air">ABX Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerol%C3%ADneas_Argentinas" title="Aerolíneas Argentinas">Aerolíneas Argentinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeromar" title="Aeromar">Aeromar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerom%C3%A9xico" title="Aeroméxico">Aeroméxico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Transat" title="Air Transat">Air Transat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Airlines" title="Alaska Airlines">Alaska Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Air" title="Atlas Air">Atlas Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avianca" title="Avianca">Avianca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avianca_Costa_Rica" title="Avianca Costa Rica">Avianca Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avianca_Ecuador" title="Avianca Ecuador">Avianca Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avianca_El_Salvador" title="Avianca El Salvador">Avianca El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azul_Brazilian_Airlines" title="Azul Brazilian Airlines">Azul Brazilian Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamasair" title="Bahamasair">Bahamasair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boliviana_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Boliviana de Aviación">Boliviana de Aviación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargojet" title="Cargojet">Cargojet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Airlines" title="Caribbean Airlines">Caribbean Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copa_Airlines" title="Copa Airlines">Copa Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copa_Airlines_Colombia" title="Copa Airlines Colombia">Copa Airlines Colombia (Aero República)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubana_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Cubana de Aviación">Cubana de Aviación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Airlines,_LLC" title="Eastern Airlines, LLC">Eastern Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FedEx_Express" title="FedEx Express">FedEx Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gol_Linhas_A%C3%A9reas_Inteligentes" title="Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes">Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Airlines" title="Hawaiian Airlines">Hawaiian Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JetBlue" title="JetBlue">JetBlue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LATAM_Airlines_Group" title="LATAM Airlines Group">LATAM Airlines Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LATAM_Brasil" class="mw-redirect" title="LATAM Brasil">LATAM Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LATAM_Cargo_Brasil" title="LATAM Cargo Brasil">LATAM Cargo Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LATAM_Cargo_Chile" title="LATAM Cargo Chile">LATAM Cargo Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LATAM_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="LATAM Colombia">LATAM Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LATAM_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="LATAM Ecuador">LATAM Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LATAM_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="LATAM Paraguay">LATAM Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LATAM_Per%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="LATAM Perú">LATAM Perú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas_Air" title="Mas Air">Mas Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Airlines_(N8)" title="National Airlines (N8)">National Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranair" title="Paranair">Paranair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Air_Cargo" title="Polar Air Cargo">Polar Air Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravn_Alaska" title="Ravn Alaska">Ravn Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Airline" title="Sky Airline">Sky Airline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPS_Airlines" title="UPS Airlines">UPS Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voepass_Linhas_A%C3%A9reas" class="mw-redirect" title="Voepass Linhas Aéreas">Voepass Linhas Aéreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volaris" title="Volaris">Volaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WestJet" title="WestJet">WestJet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Companies_based_in_Greater_Johannesburg" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Witwatersrand_companies" title="Template:Witwatersrand companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Witwatersrand_companies" title="Template talk:Witwatersrand companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Witwatersrand_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Witwatersrand companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Companies_based_in_Greater_Johannesburg" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies based in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Johannesburg" title="Greater Johannesburg">Greater Johannesburg</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diversified conglomerates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aveng" title="Aveng">Aveng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barloworld_Limited" title="Barloworld Limited">Barloworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidvest_Group" title="Bidvest Group">Bidvest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_House_(company)" title="Chancellor House (company)">Chancellor House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famous_Brands" title="Famous Brands">Famous Brands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airlines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerolift" title="Aerolift">Aerolift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airlink" title="Airlink">Airlink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airlink_Cargo" title="Airlink Cargo">Cargo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CemAir" title="CemAir">CemAir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egoli_Air" title="Egoli Air">Egoli Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Air" title="Federal Air">Federal Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Aviation" title="Global Aviation">Global Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Airways_Corporation" title="National Airways Corporation">National Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_Air" title="Norse Air">Norse Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebus_Apollo_Aviation" title="Phoebus Apollo Aviation">Phoebus Apollo Aviation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safair" title="Safair">Safair</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FlySafair" title="FlySafair">FlySafair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solenta_Aviation" title="Solenta Aviation">Solenta Aviation</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1time" title="1time">1time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_International_Airways" title="African International Airways">African International Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirQuarius_Aviation" title="AirQuarius Aviation">AirQuarius Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avia_(airline)" title="Avia (airline)">Avia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comair_(South_Africa)" title="Comair (South Africa)">Comair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_Airways_(South_Africa)" title="Command Airways (South Africa)">Command Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Aerospace" title="Executive Aerospace">Executive Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_Blue_Crane" title="Fly Blue Crane">Fly Blue Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Air_Cargo" title="Imperial Air Cargo">Imperial Air Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interair_South_Africa" title="Interair South Africa">Interair South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlink_Airlines" title="Interlink Airlines">Interlink Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulula.com" title="Kulula.com">kulula.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_(airline)" title="Mango (airline)">Mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Airlines_(South_Africa)" title="Nationwide Airlines (South Africa)">Nationwide Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossair_Executive_Air_Charter" title="Rossair Executive Air Charter">Rossair Executive Air Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovos_Air" title="Rovos Air">Rovos Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skywise_(airline)" title="Skywise (airline)">Skywise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Express" title="South African Express">South African Express</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Construction and engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concor" title="Concor">Concor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_%26_Roberts" title="Murray & Roberts">Murray & Roberts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DLO_Energy_Resources_Group" title="DLO Energy Resources Group">DLO Energy Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_South_Africa" title="Total South Africa">Total South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absa_Group_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Absa Group Limited">Absa Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Forbes_Group_Holdings" title="Alexander Forbes Group Holdings">Alexforbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Limited" title="Discovery Limited">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_Group_(South_Africa)" title="Evolution Group (South Africa)">Evolution Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollard_Group" title="Hollard Group">Hollard Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investec" title="Investec">Investec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Holdings_Limited" title="Liberty Holdings Limited">Liberty Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock_Wealth" title="Livestock Wealth">Livestock Wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiWay_Insurance" title="MiWay Insurance">MiWay Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesaka_Technologies" title="Lesaka Technologies">Lesaka Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Mutual" title="Old Mutual">Old Mutual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riovic" title="Riovic">Riovic Capital Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMB_Holdings" title="RMB Holdings">RMB Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Merchant_Investment_Holdings" title="Rand Merchant Investment Holdings">RMI Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STANLIB" title="STANLIB">STANLIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venmyn_Rand" title="Venmyn Rand">Venmyn Rand</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Banks" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absa_Bank_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Absa Bank Limited">Absa Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Access_Bank_South_Africa" title="Access Bank South Africa">Access Bank South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Alliance_Investment_Bank" title="African Alliance Investment Bank">African Alliance Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Bank_Limited" title="African Bank Limited">African Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Zero" title="Bank Zero">Bank Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidvest_Bank" title="Bidvest Bank">Bidvest Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_Bank_of_Southern_Africa" title="Development Bank of Southern Africa">DBSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_National_Bank_(South_Africa)" title="First National Bank (South Africa)">First National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FirstRand" title="FirstRand">FirstRand Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Bank_South_Africa" title="Imperial Bank South Africa">Imperial Bank South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantile_Bank_(South_Africa)" title="Mercantile Bank (South Africa)">Mercantile Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedbank" title="Nedbank">Nedbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMB_Holdings" title="RMB Holdings">Rand Merchant Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasfin_Bank" title="Sasfin Bank">Sasfin Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered_South_Africa" title="Standard Chartered South Africa">Stanchart South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Bank" title="Standard Bank">Standard Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TymeBank" title="TymeBank">TymeBank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubank" title="Ubank">Ubank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizzit" title="Wizzit">Wizzit</a></li> <li>Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VBS_Mutual_Bank" title="VBS Mutual Bank">VBS Mutual Bank</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Sun_Hotels" title="Southern Sun Hotels">Southern Sun Hotels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_International" title="Sun International">Sun International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsogo_Sun" title="Tsogo Sun">Tsogo Sun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ICT</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrihost" title="Afrihost">Afrihost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCX_(Business_Connexion_Group)" class="mw-redirect" title="BCX (Business Connexion Group)">BCX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_C" title="Cell C">Cell C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybatar" title="Cybatar">Cybatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datatec" title="Datatec">Datatec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimension_Data" title="Dimension Data">Dimension Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EOH_Holdings" title="EOH Holdings">EOH Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IVeri_Payment_Technologies" title="IVeri Payment Technologies">iVeri Payment Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTN_Group" title="MTN Group">MTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotel" title="Neotel">Neotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTEL_Telecoms" title="OTEL Telecoms">OTEL Telecoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_(telecommunications)" title="Rain (telecommunications)">Rain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybrin" title="Sybrin">Sybrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teraco_Data_Environments" title="Teraco Data Environments">Teraco Data Environments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodacom" title="Vodacom">Vodacom</a></li> <li>Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Solutions" title="Internet Solutions">Internet Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luma_Arcade" title="Luma Arcade">Luma Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Software" title="Vision Software">Vision Software</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowman_Gilfillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowman Gilfillan">Bowman Gilfillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENSafrica" title="ENSafrica">ENSafrica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webber_Wentzel" title="Webber Wentzel">Webber Wentzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werksmans" title="Werksmans">Werksmans</a></li> <li>Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deneys_Reitz_Inc" title="Deneys Reitz Inc">Deneys Reitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_and_Tambo" title="Mandela and Tambo">Mandela and Tambo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adcock_Ingram" title="Adcock Ingram">Adcock Ingram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AECI" title="AECI">AECI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Explosives" title="African Explosives">African Explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Joy_Foods" title="All Joy Foods">All Joy Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakers_(bakery)" title="Bakers (bakery)">Bakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clover_Industries" title="Clover Industries">Clover Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Engineering_Works" title="French Engineering Works">FEW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Water_Cooling" title="Industrial Water Cooling">IWC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Trucks_South_Africa" title="Isuzu Trucks South Africa">Isuzu Trucks South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Systems_OMC" title="Land Systems OMC">Land Systems OMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nampak" title="Nampak">Nampak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Group" title="Paramount Group">Paramount Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PPC_Ltd." title="PPC Ltd.">PPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_FMCG" title="Premier FMCG">Premier FMCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Refinery" title="Rand Refinery">Rand Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_Group" title="Rembrandt Group">Rembrandt Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappi" title="Sappi">Sappi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba_(South_African_company)" title="Simba (South African company)">Simba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SkyReach_Aircraft" title="SkyReach Aircraft">SkyReach Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_Aircraft" title="Sling Aircraft">Sling Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Breweries" title="South African Breweries">South African Breweries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Brands" title="Tiger Brands">Tiger Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truvelo_Armoury" title="Truvelo Armoury">Truvelo Armoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Carriage_%26_Wagon" title="Union Carriage & Wagon">Union Carriage & Wagon</a></li> <li>Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Green_Motors" title="Basil Green Motors">Basil Green Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_PowerChutes" title="New PowerChutes">New PowerChutes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Holdings" title="Arena Holdings">Arena Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caxton_and_CTP_Publishers_and_Printers" title="Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers">Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MultiChoice" title="MultiChoice">MultiChoice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_Metro_Cinemas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nu Metro Cinemas">Nu Metro Cinemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primedia" title="Primedia">Primedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC" title="SABC">SABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StarSat" title="StarSat">StarSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ster-Kinekor" title="Ster-Kinekor">Ster-Kinekor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mining</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexkor" title="Alexkor">Alexkor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Resources_Group" title="Asa Resources Group">Asa Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Rainbow_Minerals" title="African Rainbow Minerals">African Rainbow Minerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AngloGold_Ashanti" title="AngloGold Ashanti">AngloGold Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DRDGOLD_Limited" title="DRDGOLD Limited">DRDGOLD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Rand_Mine" title="East Rand Mine">ERPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Fields" title="Gold Fields">Gold Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmony_Gold_(mining)" title="Harmony Gold (mining)">Harmony Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impala_Platinum" title="Impala Platinum">Impala Platinum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCI_Limited" title="JCI Limited">JCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metorex" title="Metorex">Metorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northam_Platinum" title="Northam Platinum">Northam Platinum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibanye-Stillwater" title="Sibanye-Stillwater">Sibanye-Stillwater</a></li> <li>Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simmer_and_Jack" title="Simmer and Jack">Simmer and Jack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retail and marketing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AutoTrader.co.za" title="AutoTrader.co.za">AutoTrader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidorbuy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidorbuy">Bidorbuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadac_(South_Africa)" title="Cadac (South Africa)">Cadac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNA_(bookstore)" title="CNA (bookstore)">CNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Creative_Counsel" title="The Creative Counsel">The Creative Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dis-Chem" title="Dis-Chem">Dis-Chem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Books" title="Exclusive Books">Exclusive Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Automotive_South_Africa" title="Hyundai Automotive South Africa">Hyundai South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incredible_Connection" title="Incredible Connection">Incredible Connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massmart" title="Massmart">Massmart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wantitall.co.za" title="Wantitall.co.za">Wantitall</a></li> <li>Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edcon" title="Edcon">Edcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OK_Bazaars" title="OK Bazaars">OK Bazaars</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Restaurant franchises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_Licken_(restaurant)" title="Chicken Licken (restaurant)">Chicken Licken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debonairs_Pizza" title="Debonairs Pizza">Debonairs Pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugg_%26_Bean" title="Mugg & Bean">Mugg & Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nando%27s" title="Nando's">Nando's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%27s_Pizza" title="Roman's Pizza">Roman's Pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steers_(restaurant)" title="Steers (restaurant)">Steers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimpy_(restaurant)" title="Wimpy (restaurant)">Wimpy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netcare" title="Netcare">Netcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SA_Waste_Holdings" title="SA Waste Holdings">SA Waste Holdings</a></li> <li>Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosasa" title="Bosasa">Bosasa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avis_Southern_Africa" title="Avis Southern Africa">Avis Southern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comazar" title="Comazar">Comazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PUTCO" title="PUTCO">PUTCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surtees_Rail_Group" title="Surtees Rail Group">Surtees Rail Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_South_Africa" title="State-owned enterprises of South Africa">State-owned enterprises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airports_Company_South_Africa" title="Airports Company South Africa">Airports Company South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denel_Aeronautics" title="Denel Aeronautics">Denel Aeronautics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_Bank_of_Southern_Africa" title="Development Bank of Southern Africa">Development Bank of Southern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskom" title="Eskom">Eskom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Water" title="Rand Water">Rand Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC" title="SABC">South African Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasol" title="Sasol">Sasol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentech" title="Sentech">Sentech</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South African Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnet" title="Transnet">Transnet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freightdynamics" title="Freightdynamics">Freightdynamics</a></li></ul></li> <li>Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lema_(company)" title="Lema (company)">Lema</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Ekurhuleni" title="Category:Companies based in Ekurhuleni">Companies based in Ekurhuleni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Johannesburg" title="Category:Companies based in Johannesburg">Companies based in Johannesburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223763#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223763#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223763#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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