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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ithaca_(island)" title="Ithaca (island)">Ithaca (island)</a></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island home of Greek mythological hero Odysseus</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid 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0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Undue_weight plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-undue-weight" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may <b>lend <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight</a> to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homer%27s_Ithaca&action=edit">help improve it</a> by rewriting it in a <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Balance" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">balanced fashion</a></b> that contextualizes different points of view.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Homeric_Greece-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Homeric_Greece-en.svg/330px-Homeric_Greece-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="324" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Homeric_Greece-en.svg/500px-Homeric_Greece-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Homeric_Greece-en.svg/960px-Homeric_Greece-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1502" data-file-height="1253" /></a><figcaption>A reconstruction of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homeric</a> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. Modern Ithaca can be seen to the west (in turquoise)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Odysseus3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Odysseus3.jpg/250px-Odysseus3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Odysseus3.jpg/330px-Odysseus3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Odysseus3.jpg/500px-Odysseus3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>Ulysses meets his father <a href="/wiki/Laertes_(father_of_Odysseus)" title="Laertes (father of Odysseus)">Laertes</a> on Ithaca (<a href="/wiki/Theodoor_van_Thulden" title="Theodoor van Thulden">Theodoor van Thulden</a>, 1600)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ithaca</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Ιθάκη</span>, <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el-Latn">Ithakē</i></span>) was, in <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, the island home of the hero <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a>. The specific location of the island, as it was described in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i>, is a matter for debate. There have been various theories about its location. Modern <a href="/wiki/Ithaca_(island)" title="Ithaca (island)">Ithaca</a> has traditionally been accepted to be Homer's island. </p><p>The central characters of the epic, such as Odysseus, <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a>, are traditionally considered fictional figures from folklore, but aspects of the Homeric story may have some basis in actual historical events or people. This, and the extremely detailed geographic descriptions in the epic itself, have invited investigation of the possibility that Homer's heroes might have existed and that the location of the sites described therein might be found. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Schliemann" title="Heinrich Schliemann">Heinrich Schliemann</a> believed he tracked down several of the more famous traditions surrounding these heroes. Many locations around the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> were claimed to have been the heroes' "homes", such as the ruins at <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a> and the little hill near the western Turkish town of <a href="/wiki/Hissarlik" class="mw-redirect" title="Hissarlik">Hissarlik</a>. Schliemann's work and excavations proposed, to a very sceptical world, that Homer's <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> had lived at <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a>, and that "Troy" itself indeed had existed at Hisarlik. Much work has been done to identify other Homeric sites such as the palace of <a href="/wiki/Nestor_(mythology)" title="Nestor (mythology)">Nestor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pylos" title="Pylos">Pylos</a>. These attempts have been the subject of much scholarly research, archaeological work, and controversy. </p><p>Some of the first theories on the location of "Homer's 'Ithaca'" were formulated as early as the 2nd century BC. Each approach to identifying a location has been different, varying in degrees of scientific procedure, empirical investigation, informed hypothesis, wishful thinking, fervent belief, and sheer fantasy. Each investigator and each investigation merits interest, as an indicator both of the temper of the times in which a particular theory was developed, and of the perennial interest in Odysseus and the possible facts of his life. Some of the latest "Homer's 'Ithaca'" approaches resemble some of the earliest. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leading_precursors">Leading precursors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homer%27s_Ithaca&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Leading precursors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Theorists, and excavations elsewhere, on the location of "Homer's 'Ithaca'" </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eratosthenes" title="Eratosthenes">Eratosthenes</a> (276 BC – 194 BC).</li> <li>Demetrius of Scepsis (near Troy) -- writing mid-2nd century BC (near Troy) -- source used by <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> (below). <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPfeiffer1968" class="citation book cs1">Pfeiffer, R. (1968). <i>History of Classical Scholarship: From the Beginnings to the End of the Hellenistic Age</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">249–</span>51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Classical+Scholarship%3A+From+the+Beginnings+to+the+End+of+the+Hellenistic+Age&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E249-%3C%2Fspan%3E51&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Pfeiffer&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span>. See Bittlestone/Diggle/Underhill (below): James Diggle at p. 508.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollodorus_of_Athens" title="Apollodorus of Athens">Apollodorus of Athens</a> (born c. 180 BC) -- writing mid-2nd century BC—source used by <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> (below), and Apollodorus also relied upon Demetrius of Scepsis (above). <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacoby1929" class="citation book cs1">Jacoby, Felix (1929). <i>Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker II B</i>. Berlin: Weidmann.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Fragmente+der+griechischen+Historiker+II+B&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Weidmann&rft.date=1929&rft.aulast=Jacoby&rft.aufirst=Felix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span> 244, F 154-207.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPfeiffer1968" class="citation book cs1">Pfeiffer, R. (1968). <i>History of Classical Scholarship: From the Beginnings to the End of the Hellenistic Age</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">249–</span>51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Classical+Scholarship%3A+From+the+Beginnings+to+the+End+of+the+Hellenistic+Age&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E249-%3C%2Fspan%3E51&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Pfeiffer&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span>. See Bittlestone/Diggle/Underhill (below): James Diggle at p. 508.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> (63/4 BC – c. 24 AD). <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones1917–1932" class="citation book cs1">Jones, P.V. (1917–1932). <i>Strabo: Geography</i> (Loeb Classical Library ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strabo%3A+Geography&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.edition=Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1917%2F1932&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=P.V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gell" title="William Gell">William Gell</a>—writing in 1807—he believed Homer's "Ithaca" was on the Aetos isthmus of <a href="/wiki/Ithaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ithaki">Ithaki</a> island, facing east, in or near the bay of Vathy. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geographyantiqui00gell"><i>The Geography and Antiquities of Ithaca</i></a>. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. 1807.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geography+and+Antiquities+of+Ithaca&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Hurst%2C+Rees+and+Orme&rft.date=1807&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeographyantiqui00gell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Leake" class="mw-redirect" title="William M. Leake">William M. Leake</a>—writing in 1835—he thought "Ithaca" was on the northwestern coast of <a href="/wiki/Ithaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ithaki">Ithaki</a> island, near Polis Bay. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/travelsinmoreaw05leakgoog"><i>Travels in the Morea with a Map and Plans</i></a>. London: John Murray. 1830.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travels+in+the+Morea+with+a+Map+and+Plans&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1830&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftravelsinmoreaw05leakgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Travels in Northern Greece</i>. London: John Murray. 835.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travels+in+Northern+Greece&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Cailleux" title="Théophile Cailleux">Théophile Cailleux</a>—writing in 1878—located "Ithaca" in south-west Spain, in the delta of the Guadalete, near <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a>. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Pays atlantiques décrits par Homère, Ibérie, Gaule, Bretagne, Archipels, Amériques, Théorie nouvelle</i> [<i>Atlantic lands described by Homer: the Iberian peninsula, Gaul, Britain, the Atlantic islands, the Americas. A new theory</i>] (in French). Paris: Maisonneuve et cie. 1878. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/23413881">23413881</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pays+atlantiques+d%C3%A9crits+par+Hom%C3%A8re%2C+Ib%C3%A9rie%2C+Gaule%2C+Bretagne%2C+Archipels%2C+Am%C3%A9riques%2C+Th%C3%A9orie+nouvelle&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Maisonneuve+et+cie&rft.date=1878&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F23413881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Butler_(novelist)" title="Samuel Butler (novelist)">Samuel Butler</a> developed a controversial theory that the <i>Odyssey</i> came from the pen of a young <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicilian</a> woman, who presents herself in the poem as <a href="/wiki/Nausicaa" title="Nausicaa">Nausicaa</a>, and that the scenes of the poem reflected the coast of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, especially the territory of <a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Aegadian_Islands" title="Aegadian Islands">nearby islands</a>. He described the "evidence" for this theory in his <i>The Authoress of the Odyssey</i> (1897) and in the introduction and footnotes to his prose translation of the <i>Odyssey</i> (1900). <a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Robert Graves</a> elaborated on this hypothesis in his novel <i><a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Daughter" title="Homer's Daughter">Homer's Daughter</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_D%C3%B6rpfeld" title="Wilhelm Dörpfeld">Wilhelm Dörpfeld</a> (December 26, 1853 – April 25, 1940) -- having performed extensive excavations at various locations of Ithaca and <a href="/wiki/Lefkada" title="Lefkada">Lefkada</a>, he proposed that the <a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">palace</a> of Odysseus was located west of <a href="/wiki/Nidri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nidri">Nidri</a> at the south coast of Lefkada. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDörpfeld1965" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dörpfeld, Wilhelm (1965). <i>Alt-Ithaka, ein Beitrag zur Homer-Frage. Studien und Ausgrabungen aus der insel Leukas-Ithaka. Unter Mitarbeit von Peter Goessler [u.a.]</i> [<i>Ancient Ithaca, a contribution to the Homer question. Studies and excavations from the island of Leucas-Ithaka. With the collaboration of Peter Goessler [among others]</i>] (in German) (Neudruck der Ausg. 1927. ed.). Osnabrück: Zeller.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alt-Ithaka%2C+ein+Beitrag+zur+Homer-Frage.+Studien+und+Ausgrabungen+aus+der+insel+Leukas-Ithaka.+Unter+Mitarbeit+von+Peter+Goessler+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.place=Osnabr%C3%BCck&rft.edition=Neudruck+der+Ausg.+1927.&rft.pub=Zeller&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=D%C3%B6rpfeld&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>G. Volterras—writing in 1903—he believed <a href="/wiki/Paliki" title="Paliki">Paliki</a> once may have had "Strabo's channel" at the isthmus which now separates Paliki and <a href="/wiki/Kefalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kefalonia">Kefalonia</a> (see Bittlestone/Diggle/Underhill, below). <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Kritiki Meleti peri Omerikis Ithakis</i> [<i>A Critical Study of Homeric Ithaca</i>] (in Greek). Athens: [self?]. 1903.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kritiki+Meleti+peri+Omerikis+Ithakis&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=%5Bself%3F%5D&rft.date=1903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>A.E.H. Goekoop—writing in 1908—he believed "Ithaca" was in southwestern <a href="/wiki/Kefalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kefalonia">Kefalonia</a> island, on the St. George hilltop near Mazarakata village, southeast of the city of Argostoli, with its harbor at Minies near the modern airport. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ithaquelagrande00goekgoog"><i>Ithaque La Grande</i></a> [<i>Ithaca the Great</i>] (in French). Athens: Beck & Barth. 1908.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ithaque+La+Grande&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=Beck+%26+Barth&rft.date=1908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fithaquelagrande00goekgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>Lord Rennell of Rodd—writing in 1927—believed "Ithaca" was on <a href="/wiki/Ithaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ithaki">Ithaki</a> island. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRennell1927" class="citation book cs1">Rennell, J.R. (1927). <i>Homer's Ithaca: A Vindication of Tradition</i>. London: Arnold.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homer%27s+Ithaca%3A+A+Vindication+of+Tradition&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Arnold&rft.date=1927&rft.aulast=Rennell&rft.aufirst=J.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Abel_Heurtley" title="Walter Abel Heurtley">Walter Abel Heurtley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Benton" title="Sylvia Benton">Sylvia Benton</a>—believed "Ithaca" was on <a href="/wiki/Ithaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ithaki">Ithaki</a> island, and their excavations at the Polis Bay harbor turned up 8th- to 9th-century BC artifacts. Benton also carried out excavations in the so-called Polis Cave that she interpreted in the light of a alleged connection to Odysseus. However, later research has shown that the structures there show no particular peculiarities for the possible lifetime of the hero.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>C.H. Goekoop—writing in 1990, grandson of A.E.H. Goekoop—he thought "Ithaca" was on <a href="/wiki/Kefalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kefalonia">Kefalonia</a>, but in the northern Erissos region, near the town of Fiscardo. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Op zoek naar Ithaka</i> [<i>In search of Ithaka</i>] (in Dutch). Weesp: Heureka. 1990.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Op+zoek+naar+Ithaka&rft.place=Weesp&rft.pub=Heureka&rft.date=1990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Where on Earth is Ithaca? A Quest for the Homeland of Odysseus</i>. Delft: Eburon. 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5972-344-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5972-344-3"><bdi>978-90-5972-344-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+on+Earth+is+Ithaca%3F+A+Quest+for+the+Homeland+of+Odysseus&rft.place=Delft&rft.pub=Eburon&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-5972-344-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>E.S. Tsimaratos—published posthumously in 1998—he thought "Ithaca" was in central <a href="/wiki/Kefalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kefalonia">Kefalonia</a>, but he agreed with Strabo about <a href="/wiki/Paliki" title="Paliki">Paliki</a> once having been cut off from Kefalonia. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Poia I Omeriki Ithaki?</i> [<i>Which is Homeric Ithaca?</i>] (in Greek). Athens: Etaireias Meletes Ellenikes Historias. 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poia+I+Omeriki+Ithaki%3F&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=Etaireias+Meletes+Ellenikes+Historias&rft.date=1998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>J.V. Luce (1920-2011), writing in 1998, believed "Ithaca" was on <a href="/wiki/Ithaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ithaki">Ithaki</a> island. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Celebrating Homer's landscapes: Troy and Ithaca Revisited</i>. New Haven: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. 1998. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-07411-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-07411-5"><bdi>0-300-07411-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celebrating+Homer%27s+landscapes%3A+Troy+and+Ithaca+Revisited&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-300-07411-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>Nicolas G. Livadas (Author), Constantine Bisticas (Editor, Translator) <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Odysseus' Ithaca: The Riddle Solved</i>. Athens: Nicholas G. Livadas. 2000. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-90803-1-6" title="Special:BookSources/960-90803-1-6"><bdi>960-90803-1-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Odysseus%27+Ithaca%3A+The+Riddle+Solved&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=Nicholas+G.+Livadas&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=960-90803-1-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>Henriette Putman Cramer, Gerasimos Metaxas - the authors believe that the centre of Homeric Ithaca was in south-east Kefalonia where now the village of Poros in the <a href="/wiki/Eleios-Pronnoi" title="Eleios-Pronnoi">Eleios-Pronnoi</a> municipality is situated. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Omiriki Ithaki – ena atavtisto kentro sta nesia ton Kefallenon</i>. Athens: Kaktos editions. 2000. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-382-408-9" title="Special:BookSources/960-382-408-9"><bdi>960-382-408-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Omiriki+Ithaki+%E2%80%93+ena+atavtisto+kentro+sta+nesia+ton+Kefallenon&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=Kaktos+editions&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=960-382-408-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>Gilles Le Noan — writing in 1989-2005 — suggested <a href="/wiki/Paliki" title="Paliki">Paliki</a> as the location of "Ithaca", but discounted the geology supporting "Strabo's channel". <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>A la recherche d'Ithaque, la ferme d'Eumée, le palais d'Ulysse</i> [<i>In search of Ithaca, the farm of Eumeus, the palace of Odysseus</i>] (in French). Quincy-sous-Senart, France: Editions Tremen. 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+la+recherche+d%27Ithaque%2C+la+ferme+d%27Eum%C3%A9e%2C+le+palais+d%27Ulysse&rft.place=Quincy-sous-Senart%2C+France&rft.pub=Editions+Tremen&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Ithaca of the sunset</i>. Quincy-sous-Senart, France: Editions Tremen. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-913559-44-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-913559-44-1"><bdi>2-913559-44-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ithaca+of+the+sunset&rft.place=Quincy-sous-Senart%2C+France&rft.pub=Editions+Tremen&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=2-913559-44-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>I kalódysi Itháki</i> <bdi lang="el">Η καλόδυση Ιθάκη</bdi> [<i>The beautiful Ithaca</i>] (in Greek). Quincy-sous-Senart, France: Editions Tremen. 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+kal%C3%B3dysi+Ith%C3%A1ki+%CE%97+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B4%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7+%CE%99%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7&rft.place=Quincy-sous-Senart%2C+France&rft.pub=Editions+Tremen&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>Christos Tzakos — writing 1999-2005 — believed "Ithaca" was on <a href="/wiki/Ithaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ithaki">Ithaki</a> island. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Concerning Homeric Ithaki: Asteris". <i>Odusseia</i> (95). 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Odusseia&rft.atitle=Concerning+Homeric+Ithaki%3A+Asteris&rft.issue=95&rft.date=1999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1">"kefa-ll-ines Kefa-ll-inia Kefa-ll-onia". <i>Odusseia</i> (<span class="nowrap">70–</span>2). 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Odusseia&rft.atitle=kefa-ll-ines+Kefa-ll-inia+Kefa-ll-onia&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E70%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.date=2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Ekthesi Synoptiki peri Omerikis Ithakis (A Brief Essay on Homeric Ithaca)</i> (Angelos Eleutheros ed.). Athens. 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ekthesi+Synoptiki+peri+Omerikis+Ithakis+%28A+Brief+Essay+on+Homeric+Ithaca%29&rft.edition=Angelos+Eleutheros&rft.pub=Athens&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTzakos2005" class="citation book cs1">Tzakos, Christos I. (2005). <i>Ithaca and Homer (The Truth), translated by Geoffrey Cox</i>. Athens. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-7103-38-6" title="Special:BookSources/960-7103-38-6"><bdi>960-7103-38-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ithaca+and+Homer+%28The+Truth%29%2C+translated+by+Geoffrey+Cox&rft.place=Athens&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=960-7103-38-6&rft.aulast=Tzakos&rft.aufirst=Christos+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul></li> <li>Robert Bittlestone, James Diggle & John Underhill — first working in 2003 — believe <a href="/wiki/Paliki" title="Paliki">Paliki</a> is the location of "Ithaca", and also believe in "Strabo's Channel" separated it from Cephalonia, see <a href="/wiki/Odysseus_Unbound" title="Odysseus Unbound">Odysseus Unbound</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This theory has not been generally accepted on grounds of geology,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> archaeology,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> philology,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or historical and Homeric analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> “What is clearly missing,” wrote Dr Christine Haywood reviewing <i>Odysseus Unbound</i>, “is a good knowledge of the complexities of Homeric language, and the support of archaeology.”<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/odysseusunbounds00bitt"><i>Odysseus Unbound: The Search for Homer's Ithaca</i></a></span>. Cambridge, UK: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-85357-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-85357-5"><bdi>0-521-85357-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Odysseus+Unbound%3A+The+Search+for+Homer%27s+Ithaca&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-521-85357-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fodysseusunbounds00bitt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odysseus-unbound.org/">Odysseus Unbound website</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Athenagoras Eleutheriuo argued that Paxos was Homeric Ithaca <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>I nisos ton paxon einai i omiriki Ithaki</i> <bdi lang="el">Η νησος των παξων ειναι η ομηρικη Ιθακη</bdi> [<i>The Island of Paxos is Homeric Ithaca)</i>] (in Greek). Athenai: Eleusis. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9603-9103-0-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-9603-9103-0-5"><bdi>978-9603-9103-0-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+nisos+ton+paxon+einai+i+omiriki+Ithaki+%CE%97+%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BE%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%B7+%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B7+%CE%99%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B7&rft.place=Athenai&rft.pub=Eleusis&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-9603-9103-0-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>Dimitris I. Paizis-Danias published ten maps of Cephallenian theories and argued that Homer's Ithaca was on <a href="/wiki/Ithaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ithaki">Ithaki</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Homer's Ithaca on Cephallenia? Facts and fancies in the history of an idea</i>. Athens[?]: Ithacan Friends of Homer Association. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9-789608-823129" title="Special:BookSources/9-789608-823129"><bdi>9-789608-823129</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homer%27s+Ithaca+on+Cephallenia%3F+Facts+and+fancies+in+the+history+of+an+idea&rft.place=Athens%5B%3F%5D&rft.pub=Ithacan+Friends+of+Homer+Association&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9-789608-823129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>Felice Vinci suggests that many Homeric places can be identified in the geographic landscape of the Baltic. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Baltic Origins of Homer's Epic Tales</i>. Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59477-052-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-59477-052-2"><bdi>1-59477-052-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+Origins+of+Homer%27s+Epic+Tales&rft.place=Rochester%2C+Vermont&rft.pub=Inner+Traditions&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-59477-052-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>Manolis Koutlis - placed Ithaca on Faial in the Azores. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>In the Shadow - The Greek Colonies of North America and the Atlantic 1500 BC - 1500 AD</i>. Limassol: Solva-tech LTD. 2018. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9925-7439-5-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-9925-7439-5-7"><bdi>978-9925-7439-5-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Shadow+-+The+Greek+Colonies+of+North+America+and+the+Atlantic+1500+BC+-+1500+AD&rft.place=Limassol&rft.pub=Solva-tech+LTD.&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-9925-7439-5-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>Professor Thanasis J. Papadopoulos - located Ithaca on <a href="/wiki/Ithaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ithaki">Ithaki</a> after a team from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ioannina" title="University of Ioannina">University of Ioannina</a> led by himself and his wife, fellow archaeologist Professor Litsa Kontorli-Papadopoulou, excavated the School of Homer archaeological site in northern Ithaca. They concluded it was actually a Mycenaean citadel in line with a Bronze Age civilisation around the supposed time of Odysseus, or of a figure which may have inspired the Homeric poems. The site is now referred to as the Palace of Odysseus and was presented by the authors to the University in 2016. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Excavation at Agios Athanasios / School of Homer</i>. London: Jane Cochrane. 2022. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1916292380" title="Special:BookSources/1916292380"><bdi>1916292380</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Excavation+at+Agios+Athanasios+%2F+School+of+Homer&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Jane+Cochrane&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=1916292380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>Jane Cochrane - located Ithaca on <a href="/wiki/Ithaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ithaki">Ithaki</a> after analysing the context provided in the poem against the geography and archaeology of the island with the assistance of classics professor George L Huxley. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Odysseus' Island</i>. London: Jane Cochrane. 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1916292314" title="Special:BookSources/978-1916292314"><bdi>978-1916292314</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Odysseus%27+Island&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Jane+Cochrane&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1916292314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>Jonathan Brown - located Ithaca on <a href="/wiki/Ithaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ithaki">Ithaki</a> after travelling to Cephalonia, Lefkada, Corfu, Sicily, Spain, Denmark, and the Azores to examine other theories and published his meta-analysis on geographic, historical and archaeological evidence. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>In search of Homeric Ithaca</i>. Canberra: Parrot Press. 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-6480925-2-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-6480925-2-0"><bdi>978-0-6480925-2-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+search+of+Homeric+Ithaca&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=Parrot+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-6480925-2-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2841151431/view/">National Library of Australia, Trove</a></li></ul></li> <li>Makis Metaxis, former Mayor of Cephalonia - located Ithaca on Cephalonia at the site of a Myceanean tholos. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWardYounger2024" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Ward, Seth; Younger, James (August 28, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/show/odysseus-returns/"><i>Odysseus Returns</i></a> (Television production).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Odysseus+Returns&rft.date=2024-08-28&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft.au=Younger%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fshow%2Fodysseus-returns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homer%27s_Ithaca&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Odyssey" title="Geography of the Odyssey">Geography of the <i>Odyssey</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_the_Homeric_epics" class="mw-redirect" title="Historicity of the Homeric epics">Historicity of the Homeric epics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Where_Troy_Once_Stood" title="Where Troy Once Stood">Where Troy Once Stood</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homer%27s_Ithaca&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bittlestone, Diggle & Underhill (2005), cited above, Chapter 9 generally.</li> <li>Several of the floruit dates above are taken from Wikipedia articles about the writers.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Deoudi, Maria (2008). <i>Ithake: Die Polis-Höhle, Odysseus und die Nymphen</i> [Ithake: The Polis Cave, Odysseus and the Nymphs]. Thessaloniki: University Studio Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-601-21695-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-601-21695-9">978-9-601-21695-9</a> (see also the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2009/2009.11.22/">review of this work</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jorrit_Kelder" title="Jorrit Kelder">Jorrit Kelder</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreen2006" class="citation news cs1">Green, Peter (2006-11-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2006/11/30/finding-ithaca/">"Finding Ithaca"</a>. <i>New York Review of Books</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-7504">0028-7504</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Finding+Ithaca&rft.date=2006-11-30&rft.issn=0028-7504&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2F2006%2F11%2F30%2Ffinding-ithaca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnderhillStylesPavlopoulosApostolopoulos2018" class="citation web cs1">Underhill, John; Styles, Peter; Pavlopoulos, Kosmas; Apostolopoulos, George (2018-05-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Geoscientist/Archive/May-2018/Ithaca-the-story-continues">"The Geological Society of London - Ithaca the story continues"</a>. <i>www.geolsoc.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.geolsoc.org.uk&rft.atitle=The+Geological+Society+of+London+-+Ithaca+the+story+continues&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft.aulast=Underhill&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Styles%2C+Peter&rft.au=Pavlopoulos%2C+Kosmas&rft.au=Apostolopoulos%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geolsoc.org.uk%2FGeoscientist%2FArchive%2FMay-2018%2FIthaca-the-story-continues&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBordewich2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Bordewich, Fergus M. (April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/odysseys-end-the-search-for-ancient-ithaca-112739669/">"Odyssey's End?: The Search for Ancient Ithaca"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Magazine">Smithsonian Magazine</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=Odyssey%27s+End%3F%3A+The+Search+for+Ancient+Ithaca&rft.date=2006-04&rft.aulast=Bordewich&rft.aufirst=Fergus+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Fodysseys-end-the-search-for-ancient-ithaca-112739669%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGaki-Papanastassiou2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Gaki-Papanastassiou, Kalliopi (2011). "Geomorphological study and paleogeographic evolution of NW Kefalonia Island, Greece, concerning the hypothesis of a possible location of the Homeric Ithaca". <i>Geoarchaeology, Climate Change, and Sustainability</i>. Special Paper 476. and others. <a href="/wiki/Geological_Society_of_America" title="Geological Society of America">Geological Society of America</a>: <span class="nowrap">78–</span>79.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoarchaeology%2C+Climate+Change%2C+and+Sustainability&rft.atitle=Geomorphological+study+and+paleogeographic+evolution+of+NW+Kefalonia+Island%2C+Greece%2C+concerning+the+hypothesis+of+a+possible+location+of+the+Homeric+Ithaca&rft.volume=Special+Paper+476&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E78-%3C%2Fspan%3E79&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Gaki-Papanastassiou&rft.aufirst=Kalliopi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christina Souyoudzoglou-Haywood, “Archaeology and the search for Homeric Ithaca: the case of Mycenaean Kephalonia,” <i>Acta Archaeologica</i>, vol. 89, no. 1 (December, 2018), pp. 145-158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Huxley, Review of <i>Odysseus Unbound</i> in <i>Hermathena</i>, no. 182 (Summer 2007), pp. 165-169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Graziosi" title="Barbara Graziosi">Barbara Graziosi</a>, Review of <i>Odysseus Unbound</i> in <i>Journal of Hellenic Studies</i>, vol. 128 (November, 2008), pp. 178-180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jonathan Brown, <i>In search of Homeric Ithaca</i> (Canberra: Parrot Press, 2020), pp. 321-333.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><i>Classics Ireland</i>. <b>14</b>: 90. 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Classics+Ireland&rft.volume=14&rft.pages=90&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomer%27s+Ithaca" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homer%27s_Ithaca&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brown, Jonathan. <i>In search of Homeric Ithaca</i>, Canberra, Parrot Press, 2020.</li> <li>Le Noan, Gilles. <i>À la recherche d'Ithaque: essai sur la localisation de la patrie d'Ulysse</i>, Quincy-sous-Sénart, Éd. Tremen, 2001. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homer%27s_Ithaca&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friendsofhomer.gr">www.friendsofhomer.gr</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odysseus-unbound.org">Odysseus Unbound website</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060616090412/http://odysseus-unbound.org/forum.html">Odysseus Unbound discussion forum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060304022428/http://www.gpc.edu/~shale/humanities/literature/world_literature/homer.html">Collection of Homer-related links</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060220090030/http://www.robotwisdom.com/jaj/homer/odyssey.html">Homer's Odyssey resources on the Web, by Jorn Barger</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wakeofodysseus.com/">Wake of Odysseus, on localization by Jonathan Burgess</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/">The Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cache/perscoll_Greco-Roman.html">Perseus at Tufts, Greek & Roman materials</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/vor?lookup=homer*&collection=Perseus%3Acollection%3AGreco-Roman&group=typecat">Perseus at Tufts, a search on "homer*", which currently reaches 77 results, including "homeric": Art objects (1), Images (8), Reference articles (6), Text sections (19), Source citations (30), Texts (13)</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Odyssey" title="Template:Odyssey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Odyssey" title="Template talk:Odyssey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Odyssey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Odyssey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Homer&#039;s_Odyssey344" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Homeric_characters" title="List of Homeric characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope">Penelope</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemachus" title="Telemachus">Telemachus</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctimene" title="Ctimene">Ctimene</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticlea" title="Anticlea">Anticlea</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laertes_(father_of_Odysseus)" title="Laertes (father of Odysseus)">Laertes</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autolycus" title="Autolycus">Autolycus</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurycleia_of_Ithaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurycleia of Ithaca">Eurycleia</a> (chief servant)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentor_(Odyssey)" title="Mentor (Odyssey)">Mentor</a> (advisor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phemius" title="Phemius">Phemius</a> (musician)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumaeus" title="Eumaeus">Eumaeus</a> (swineherd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philoetius" title="Philoetius">Philoetius</a> (cowherd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanthius_(Odyssey)" title="Melanthius (Odyssey)">Melanthius</a> (goatherd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melantho_(Odyssey)" title="Melantho (Odyssey)">Melantho</a> (maid)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medon_(mythology)" title="Medon (mythology)">Medon</a> (herald)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argos_(dog)" title="Argos (dog)">Argos</a> (pet dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other monarchs<br />and royals</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcinous" title="Alcinous">Alcinous</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scheria" title="Scheria">Phaeacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphates" title="Antiphates">Antiphates</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Laestrygonians" title="Laestrygonians">Laestrygones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretus" title="Aretus">Aretus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arete_(mythology)" title="Arete (mythology)"> Arete</a> of Phaeacia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deucalion_of_Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Deucalion of Crete">Deucalion of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echetus" title="Echetus">Echetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_(mythology)" title="Nestor (mythology)">Nestor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pylos" title="Pylos">Pylos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echephron" title="Echephron">Echephron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseus_(son_of_Nestor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus (son of Nestor)">Perseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratichus" title="Stratichus">Stratichus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peisistratus_(Odyssey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peisistratus (Odyssey)">Peisistratus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a></li> <li>Princess <a href="/wiki/Nausicaa" title="Nausicaa">Nausicaa</a> of Phaeacia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laodamas" title="Laodamas">Laodamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idomeneus" class="mw-redirect" title="Idomeneus">Idomeneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentes_(King_of_the_Taphians)" title="Mentes (King of the Taphians)">Mentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasymedes_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrasymedes (mythology)">Thrasymedes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolus" title="Aeolus">Aeolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_(mythology)" title="Calypso (mythology)">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucothea" title="Leucothea">Leucothea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ino_(Greek_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ino (Greek mythology)">Ino</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Man_of_the_Sea" title="Old Man of the Sea">Old Man of the Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suitors_of_Penelope" title="Suitors of Penelope">Suitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agelaus" title="Agelaus">Agelaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphimedon" title="Amphimedon">Amphimedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphinomus" title="Amphinomus">Amphinomus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antinous_of_Ithaca" title="Antinous of Ithaca">Antinous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctesippus" title="Ctesippus">Ctesippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demoptolemus" title="Demoptolemus">Demoptolemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurymachus" title="Eurymachus">Eurymachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leodes" title="Leodes">Leodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perimedes" title="Perimedes">Perimedes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticlus" title="Anticlus">Anticlus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphus" title="Antiphus">Antiphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopes" title="Cyclopes">Cyclopes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polyphemus" title="Polyphemus">Polyphemus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demodocus_(Odyssey_character)" title="Demodocus (Odyssey character)">Demodocus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolius" title="Dolius">Dolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elpenor" title="Elpenor">Elpenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupeithes" title="Eupeithes">Eupeithes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euryalus" title="Euryalus">Euryalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurylochus" title="Eurylochus">Eurylochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halitherses" title="Halitherses">Halitherses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles#Hero_or_god" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaeus" title="Arnaeus">Irus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicones" title="Cicones">Kikonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laestrygonians" title="Laestrygonians">Laestrygones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesaulius" title="Mesaulius">Mesaulius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polites_(friend_of_Odysseus)" title="Polites (friend of Odysseus)">Polites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydamna" title="Polydamna">Polydamna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylla" title="Scylla">Scylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charybdis" title="Charybdis">Charybdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Sirens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoclymenus" title="Theoclymenus">Theoclymenus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Odyssey" title="Geography of the Odyssey">Locations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeaea" title="Aeaea">Aeaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolia_(mythical_island)" title="Aeolia (mythical island)">Aeolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismarus_(Thrace)" title="Ismarus (Thrace)">Ismarus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ithaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogygia" title="Ogygia">Ogygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheria" title="Scheria">Scheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepylos" title="Telepylos">Telepylos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrinacia" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrinacia">Thrinacia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_scholarship" title="Homeric scholarship">Homeric scholarship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Laughter" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeric Laughter">Homeric Laughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Question" title="Homeric Question">Homeric Question</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chorizontes" title="Chorizontes">Chorizontes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgensen%27s_law" title="Jørgensen's law">Jørgensen's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_the_Iliad" title="Historicity of the Iliad">Historicity of the Iliad</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_Unbound" title="Odysseus Unbound">Odysseus Unbound</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Homer's Ithaca</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Cave_of_the_Nymphs_in_the_Odyssey" title="On the Cave of the Nymphs in the Odyssey">On the Cave of the Nymphs in the Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rediscovering_Homer" title="Rediscovering Homer">Rediscovering Homer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hermoniakos%27_Iliad" title="Hermoniakos' Iliad">Hermoniakos' Iliad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysteron_proteron" title="Hysteron proteron">Hysteron proteron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithets_in_Homer" title="Epithets in Homer">Epithets in Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dactylic_hexameter" title="Dactylic hexameter">Dactylic hexameter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_translations_of_Homer" title="English translations of Homer">Translations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Translating_Homer" title="On Translating Homer">On Translating Homer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssey_(George_Chapman_translation)" title="Odyssey (George Chapman translation)">Chapman</a> (1614–1615)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssey_(Alexander_Pope_translation)" title="Odyssey (Alexander Pope translation)">Pope</a> (1725–1726)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssey_(Richmond_Lattimore_translation)" title="Odyssey (Richmond Lattimore translation)">Lattimore</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssey_(Emily_Wilson_translation)" title="Odyssey (Emily Wilson translation)">Wilson</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In_medias_res" title="In medias res">In medias res</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Between_Scylla_and_Charybdis" title="Between Scylla and Charybdis">Between Scylla and Charybdis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Odissea_(1911_film)" title="L'Odissea (1911 film)">L'Odissea</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(1954_film)" title="Ulysses (1954 film)">Ulysses</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Ringo" title="The Return of Ringo">The Return of Ringo</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nostos:_The_Return" title="Nostos: The Return">Nostos: The Return</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses%27_Gaze" title="Ulysses' Gaze">Ulysses' Gaze</a></i> (1995 Greek)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sans_plomb_(film)" title="Sans plomb (film)">Sans plomb</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/O_Brother,_Where_Art_Thou%3F" title="O Brother, Where Art Thou?">O Brother, Where Art Thou?</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_(film)" title="Keyhole (film)">Keyhole</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_(2024_film)" title="The Return (2024 film)">The Return</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey_(2026_film)" title="The Odyssey (2026 film)">The Odyssey</a></i> (2026)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey_(1968_miniseries)" title="The Odyssey (1968 miniseries)">The Odyssey</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_31" title="Ulysses 31">Ulysses 31</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey_(1997_miniseries)" title="The Odyssey (1997 miniseries)">The Odyssey</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mission_Odyssey" title="Mission Odyssey">Mission Odyssey</a></i> (2002–2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_and_the_Isle_of_the_Mists" title="Odysseus and the Isle of the Mists">Odysseus and the Isle of the Mists</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Odyssey" title="Star Trek: Odyssey">Star Trek: Odyssey</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prose fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_True_Story" title="A True Story">A True Story</a></i> (2nd century AD)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Aventures_de_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9maque" title="Les Aventures de Télémaque">Les Aventures de Télémaque</a></i> (1699)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Desire" title="The World's Desire">The World's Desire</a></i> (1890)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Human_Comedy_(novel)" title="The Human Comedy (novel)">The Human Comedy</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Return_to_Ithaca_(novel)" title="Return to Ithaca (novel)">Return to Ithaca</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Daughter" title="Homer's Daughter">Homer's Daughter</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Fish:_A_Novel_of_Mythic_Proportions" title="Big Fish: A Novel of Mythic Proportions">Big Fish: A Novel of Mythic Proportions</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Penelopiad" title="The Penelopiad">The Penelopiad</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Books_of_the_Odyssey" title="The Lost Books of the Odyssey">The Lost Books of the Odyssey</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Circe_(novel)" title="Circe (novel)">Circe</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/On_First_Looking_into_Chapman%27s_Homer" title="On First Looking into Chapman's Homer">On First Looking into Chapman's Homer</a>" (1816)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(poem)" title="Ulysses (poem)">Ulysses</a>" (1842)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ithaca_(poem)" title="Ithaca (poem)">Ithaca</a>" (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey:_A_Modern_Sequel" title="The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel">The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cantos" title="The Cantos">The Cantos</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pagan_Operetta" title="Pagan Operetta">Pagan Operetta</a></i> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Current_Nobody" title="Current Nobody">Current Nobody</a></i> (play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyclops_(play)" title="Cyclops (play)">Cyclops</a></i> (play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ithaka_(play)" title="Ithaka (play)">Ithaka</a></i> (play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Il_ritorno_d%27Ulisse_in_patria" title="Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria">Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria</a></i> (opera)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Apple_(musical)" title="The Golden Apple (musical)">The Golden Apple</a></i> (musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glam_Slam_Ulysses" title="Glam Slam Ulysses">Glam Slam Ulysses</a></i> (musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Home_Sweet_Homer_(musical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Sweet Homer (musical)">Home Sweet Homer</a></i> (musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus,_Verbrecher" title="Odysseus, Verbrecher">Odysseus, Verbrecher</a></i> (play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Penelope_(Enda_Walsh_play)" title="Penelope (Enda Walsh play)">Penelope</a></i> (play)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Epic:_The_Musical" title="Epic: The Musical">Epic: The Musical</a></i> (album series)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Brave_Ulysses" title="Tales of Brave Ulysses">Tales of Brave Ulysses</a>" (song)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey_(album)" title="The Odyssey (album)">The Odyssey</a></i> (album)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jar_(pelike)_with_Odysseus_and_Elpenor" title="Jar (pelike) with Odysseus and Elpenor">Jar with Odysseus and Elpenor</a> (c. 440 B.C.)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_on_the_Island_of_the_Phaecians" title="Odysseus on the Island of the Phaecians">Odysseus on the Island of the Phaecians</a></i> (c. 1635)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telemachus_and_the_Nymphs_of_Calypso" title="Telemachus and the Nymphs of Calypso">Telemachus and the Nymphs of Calypso</a></i> (1782)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sorrow_of_Telemachus" title="The Sorrow of Telemachus">The Sorrow of Telemachus</a></i> (1783)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_at_the_Court_of_Alcinous" title="Odysseus at the Court of Alcinous">Odysseus at the Court of Alcinous</a></i> (1816)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Homer_(Ingres)" title="The Apotheosis of Homer (Ingres)">The Apotheosis of Homer</a></i> (1827)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_Deriding_Polyphemus" title="Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus">Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus</a></i> (1829)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sirens_and_Ulysses" title="The Sirens and Ulysses">The Sirens and Ulysses</a></i> (1837)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Circe_Offering_the_Cup_to_Ulysses" title="Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses">Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_and_the_Sirens_(Waterhouse)" title="Ulysses and the Sirens (Waterhouse)">Ulysses and the Sirens</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_and_Polyphemus_(B%C3%B6cklin)" title="Odysseus and Polyphemus (Böcklin)">Odysseus and Polyphemus</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_and_the_Sirens_(Draper)" title="Ulysses and the Sirens (Draper)">Ulysses and the Sirens</a></i> (1909)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey:_The_Search_for_Ulysses" title="Odyssey: The Search for Ulysses">Odyssey: The Search for Ulysses</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wishbone_and_the_Amazing_Odyssey" title="Wishbone and the Amazing Odyssey">Wishbone and the Amazing Odyssey</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apotheosis_of_Homer" title="Apotheosis of Homer">Apotheosis of Homer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekyia" title="Nekyia">Nekyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostos" title="Nostos">Nostos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outis" title="Outis">Outis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Returns_from_Troy" title="Returns from Troy">Returns from Troy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telemachy" title="Telemachy">Telemachy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_Horse" title="Trojan Horse">Trojan Horse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" 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